Auglaize County, Ohio - Chapter 10: Indian Treaties, 1905

Chapter 10: Indian Treaties

On the 29th of September, 1817, a treaty was made and concluded at the foot of the Rapids of the Maumee between Lewis Cass and Duncan McArthur, commissioners on the part of the United States, and the sachems, chiefs, and warriors of the Wyandot, Seneca, Delaware, Shawnees, Pottawottomies, Ottawas, and Chippeway Tribes of Indians.

Article i. The Wyandot tribe of Indians, in consideration of the stipulations herein made on the part of the United States, do hereby forever cede to the United States the lands comprehended within the following lines and boundaries : Beginning at a point on the southern shore of Lake Erie, where the present Indian boundary line intersects the same, between the mouth of Sandusky Bay and the mouth of Portage River ; thence running south with said line, to the line established in the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety-five, by the treaty of Greenville, which runs from the crossing-place above Fort Lawrence to Loramie's store ; thence with the lines of said reserve, north and west, to the north-western corner thereof ; thence to the north-western corner of the reserve on the river St. Mary's, at the head of the navigable waters thereof; thence east, to the western bank of the St. Mary's River aforesaid ; thence down on the western bank of the said river, to the reserve at Fort Wayne ; thence with the lines of the last mentioned reserve, easterly and northerly, to the north bank of the river Miami of Lake Erie; thence down on the north bank of the said river, to the western line 'of the land ceded to the United States by the treaty of Detroit in the year one thousand eight hundred and seven ; thence with the said line south, to the middle of said Miami River, opposite the mouth of the Great Auglaize River; thence down the middle of said Miami River, and easterly with the lines of the tract ceded to the United States by the treaty of

Article 2. The Pottawottomy, Ottawa, and Chippeway tribes of Indians in consideration of the stipulations herein made on the part of the United States, do hereby forever cede to the United States the land comprehended within the following lines and boundaries : beginning where the western line of the state of Ohio crosses the river Miami of Lake Erie, which is about twenty-one miles above the mouth of the Great Auglaize River; thence down the middle of the said Miami River, to a point north of the mouth of the Great Auglaize River; thence with the western line of the land ceded to the United States by the treaty of Detroit, in one thousand eight hundred and seven, north forty-five miles; thence west, so far that a line south will strike the place of beginning ; thence south to the place of beginning.

Article 3. The Wyandot, Seneca, Delaware, Shawnees, Pottawottomy, Ottawas, and Chippeway tribes of Indians accede to the cessions mentioned in the two preceding articles.

Article 4. In consideration of the cessions and recognitions stipulated in the three preceding articles, the United States agree to pay to the Wyandot tribe, annually, forever the sum of four thousand dollars in specie, at Upper Sandusky. To the Seneca tribe, annually, forever, the sum of five hundred dollars, in specie, at Lower Sandusky. To the Shawnese tribe, annually, forever, the sum of two thousand dollars, in specie, at Wapaghkonetta. To the Pottawottomy tribe, annually, for the term of fifteen years, the sum of one thousand three hundred dollars, in specie, at Detroit. To the Ottawas tribe, annually, for the term of fifteen years, the sum of one thousand dollars, in specie, at Detroit. To the Chippewa tribe, annually, for the term of fifteen years, the sum of one thousand dollars, in specie, at Detroit. To the Delaware tribe, in the course of the year one thousand eight hundred and eighteen, the sum of five hundred dollars, in specie, at Wapaghkonetta, but no annuity. And the United States also agree that all annuities due by any former treaty to the Wyandot, Shawnese, and Delaware tribes, and the annuity due by the treaty of Greenville to the Ottawas and Chippewa tribes, shall be paid to the said tribes, respectively.

stipulated to be granted to the Wyandot, Seneca, and Shawnees tribes of Indians are to be granted for the use of the persons mentioned in the said schedule, agreeably to the descriptions, provisions, and limitations therein contained.

Article 6. The United States agree to grant, by patent, in fee simple, to Doanquod, Howoner, Rontondee, Tauyan, Rantayan, Dawatout, Manocue, Tauyandantanson, and Handaunwangh, chiefs of the Wyandot tribe, and their successors in office, chiefs of the said tribe, for the use of said persons for the purposes mentioned in the annexed schedule, a tract of land twelve miles square, at Upper Sandusky, the center of which shall be the place where Fort Feree stands; and also a tract of one mile square, to be located where the chiefs direct, on a cranberry swamp, on Broken Sword Creek, and to be held for the use of the tribe.

The United States also agree to grant, by patent, in fee simple, to Tahawmadoyaw, Captain Harris, Isahawnusay, Joseph Jawgyou, Captain Smith, Coffee-House, Running About, and Wiping Stick, Chiefs of the Seneca tribe of Indians, and their successors- in office, chiefs of the said tribe, for the use of the persons mentioned in the annexed schedule, a tract of land, to contain thirty thousand acres, beginning on the Sandusky River, at the lower corner of the section hereinafter granted to William Spicer; thence down the said river on the east side, with the meanders thereof, at high-water mark, to a point east of the mouth of Wolf Creek; thence, and from the beginning, east, so far that a north line will include the quantity of thirty thousand acres aforesaid.

The United States also agree to grant, by patent in fee simple, to Catewekesa or Black Hook, Byaseka or Wolf, Pomthe or Walker, Shemenetoo or Big Snake, Othawakeseka or Yellow Feather, Chakalowah or the Tail's End, Pemthala or John Perry, Wabepee or White Color, Chakalewah or the Tail's end, Pemthala or John Perry, Wabepee or White Color, chiefs of the Shawnees tribe, residing at Wapaghkonetta, and their successors in office, chiefs of the said tribe, residing there, for the use of the persons mentioned in the annexed schedule, a tract of land ten miles square, the center of which shall be the council-house at Wapaghkonetta.

The United States also agree to grant, by patent in fee simple, to Pectha or Falling Tree, and to Onowaskemo or the Resolute Man, chiefs of the Shawnees tribes, residing on Hog Creek, and their successors in office, chiefs of the said tribe, residing there, for the use of the persons mentioned in the annexed schedule, a tract of land containing twenty-five square miles, which is to join the tract granted at Wapaghkonetta, and to include the Shawnee Settlement, on Hog Creek, and to be laid off' as nearly as possible in a square form.

The United States also agree to grant, by patent in fee simple, to Quatanape or Captain Lewis, Shekaghela or Turtle, Skilowa or Robin, chiefs of the Shawnese tribe of Indians residing at Lewistown, and to Mesomea or Civil John, Wakawuxsheno or the White Man, Oquesheno or Joe, and Willaquasheno or When you are tired sit down, chiefs of the Seneca tribe of Indians residing at Lewistown, and to their successors in office, chiefs of the said Shawnese and Seneca tribes, for the use of the persons mentioned in the annexed schedule, a tract of land to contain forty-eight square miles, to begin at the intersection of the line run by Charles Roberts, in the year one thousand eight hundred and twelve, from the source of the Little Miami River to the source of the Scioto River, in pursuance of instructions from the commissioners appointed on the part of the United States, to establish the western boundary of the Virginia Military Reservation, with the Indian boundary line established by the treaty of Greenville, in one thousand seven hundred and ninety-five, from the crossings above Fort Lawrence to Loramie's store, and to run from such intersection, northerly, with the first mentioned line, and westerly, with the second mentioned line, so as to include the quantity as nearly as possible in a square form as practicable, after excluding the section of land hereinafter granted to Nancy Stewart.

There shall also be reserved for the use of the Ottawas Indians, but not granted to them, a tract of land on Blanchard's Fork of the Great Auglaize River, to contain five miles square, the center of which tract is to be where the old trace crosses the said fork, and one other tract, to contain three miles square, on the Little Auglaize River, to include Oquanoxa's village.

mentioned in the said schedule, or his heirs, the quantity secured thereby to him, or may refuse so to do. But the use of the said land shall be in the said person ; and after the share of any person is conveyed by the chiefs to him, he may convey the same to any person whatever. And any one entitled by the said schedule to a portion of the said land, may, at any time, convey the same to any person by obtaining the approbation of the President of the United States, or of the person appointed by him to give such approbation. And the agent of the United States shall make an equitable partition of the said share when conveyed.

Article 8. -At the special request of the said Indians, the United States agree to grant by patent in fee simple, to the persons hereinafter mentioned, all of whom are connected with the said Indians, by blood or adoption, the tracts of land herein described :

To Elizabeth Whitaker, who was taken prisoner by the Wyandots, and has ever since lived among them, twelve hundred and eighty acres of land, on the west side of the Sandusky river, below Croghansville, to be laid off in a square form, as nearly as the meanders of the said river will admit, and to run an equal distance above and below the house in which the said Elizabeth Whitaker now lives.

To Robert Armstrong, who was taken prisoner by the Indians, and has ever since lived among them, and has married a Wyandot woman, one section, to contain six hundred and forty acres of land, on the west side of the Sandusky river, to begin at the place, Camp Ball, and to run up the river, with the meanders thereof, one hundred and sixty poles, and from the extremity of these lines west for quantity.

To the Children of the late William McCollock, who was killed in August, one thousand eight hundred and twelve, near Mangaugon and who are quarter blood Wyandot Indians, one section, to contain six hundred and forty acres of land, on the west side of Sandusky river, adjoining the lower line of the tract hereby granted to Robert Armstrong, and extending in the same manner with and from the said river.

To John Vanmeter, who was taken prisoner by the Wyandots, and who has ever since lived among them, and has married a Seneca woman, and to his wife's three brothers, Senecas, who now reside on Honey Creek., one thousand acres of land, to begin north, forty-five degrees west, and one hundred and forty poles from the house in which the said John Vanmeter now lives, and to run thence south three hundred and twenty poles, thence and from the beginning east for quantity.

To Sarah Williams, Joseph Williams, and Rachel Nugent, late Rachel Williams, the said Sarah Williams having been taken prisoner by the Indians, and ever since lived among them, and being the widow, and the said Joseph and Rachel being the children, of the late Isaac Williams, a half-blood Wyandot, one quarter section of land, to contain one hundred and sixty acres, on the east side of the Sandusky river, below Croghansville, and to include their improvements at a place called Negro Point.

To Catherine Walker, a Wyandot woman, and John R. Walker, her son, who was wounded in the service of the United States, at the battle of Mangaugon, in one thousand eight hundred and twelve, a section of six hundred and forty acres of land each,, to begin at the northwestern corner of the tract hereby granted to John Vanmeter and his wife's brothers, and to run with the line thereof south three hundred and twenty poles, thence and from the beginning west for quantity.

To William Spicer, who was taken prisoner by the Indians, and has ever since lived among them, and has married a Seneca woman, a section of land, to contain six hundred and forty acres, beginning on the east bank of the Sandusky river, forty poles below the corner of said Spicer's cornfield, thence up the river on the east side, with the meanders thereof, one mile, thence and from the beginning east for quantity.

To Nancy Stewart, daughter of the late Shawnese chief Blue Jacket, one section of land, to contain six hundred and forty acres, on the Great Miami River below Lewistown, to include her present improvements, three quarters of the said section to be on the southeast side of the river, and one quarter on the northwest side

To the children of the late Shawnees chief Captain Logan, or Spamagelabe, who fell in the service of the United States during the late war, one section of land, to contain six hundred and forty acres, on the east side of the Great Auglaize River, adjoining the lower line of the grant of ten miles at Wapaghkonetta and the said river.

of land, to contain six hundred and forty acres, on the east side of the St. Mary's, and to begin opposite the house in which the said Shane now lives, thence up the river, with the meanders thereof, one hundred and sixty poles, and from the beginning down the river, with the meanders thereof, one hundred and sixty poles, and from the extremity of the said line east for quantity.

To James M'Pherson, who was taken prisoner by the Indians, and has ever since lived among them, one section of land, to contain six hundred and forty acres, in a square form, adjoining the northern or western line of the grant of forty-eight miles at Lewistown, at such place as he may think proper to locate the same.

To Horoun or the Cherokee Boy, a Wyandot chief, a section of land, to contain six hundred and forty acres, on the Sandusky River, to be laid oil in a square form, and to include his improvements.

To Alexander D. Godfrey and Richard Godfrey, adopted children of the Pottawottomy tribe, and at their special request, one section of land, to contain six hundred and forty acres, in the tract of country herein ceded to the United States by the Pottawottomy, Ottawas, and Chippewas tribes, to be located by them, the said Alexander and Richard, after the said tract shall be surveyed.

To Sawandebans, or the Yellow Hair, or Peter Minor, an adopted son of Tondaganie or the Dog, and at the special request of the Ottawas, out of the tract reserved by the treaty of Detroit, in one thousand eight hundred and seven, above Roche de Boeuf, at the village of the said Dog, a section of land, to contain six hundred and forty acres, to be located in a square form, on the north side of the Miami, at the Wolf Rapid.

Article 9. The United States engage to appoint an agent to reside among or near the Wyandots, to aid them in the protection of their persons and property, to manage their intercourse with the Government and citizens of the United States, and to discharge the duties which commonly appertain to the office of Indian agent ; and the same agent is to execute the same duties for the Senecas and Delawares on the Sandusky River. And an agent for similar purposes and vested with similar powers, shall be appointed to reside among or near the Shawnese, whose agency shall include the reservations at Wapaghkonetta, at Lewistown, at Hog Creek, and at Blanchard's Creek. And one mile square

And the agent for the Wyandots and Senecas shall occupy such land in the grant at Upper Sandusky as may be necessary for him and the persons attached to the agency.

Article io. The United States engage to erect a saw mill and a grist mill, upon some proper part of the Wyandot reservation, for their use, and to provide and maintain a blacksmith, for the use of the Wyandots and Senecas, upon the reservation of the Wyandots, and another blacksmith, for the use of the Indians at Wapaghkonetta, Hog Creek, and Lewistown.

Article ii. The stipulations contained in the treaty of Greenville, relative to the right of the Indians to hunt upon the land hereby ceded, while it continues the property of the United States, shall apply to this treaty; and the Indians shall for the same term enjoy the privilege of making sugar upon the same land, committing no unnecessary waste upon the trees.

Article 12. The United States engage to pay, in the course of the year one thousand eight hundred and eighteen, the amount of the damages which were assessed by the authority of the Secretary of War, in favor of several tribes and individuals of the Indians, who adhered to the cause of the United States during the late war with Great Britain, and whose property was, in consequence of such adherence, injured or destroyed. And it is agreed that the sums thus assessed shall be paid in specie, at the places, and to the tribes or individuals hereinafter mentioned, being in conformity with the said assessment, that is to say :

To the Delawares, for the use of the Indians who suffered losses at Greentown and at Jerome's town, three thousand nine hundred and fifty-six dollars and fifty cents, to be paid at Wapaghkonetta.

And Auglaize Countj

Article 13. And whereas the sum of two thousand five hundred dollars has been paid by the United States to the Shawnees, being one-half of five years' annuities due by the treaty of Fort Industry, and whereas the Wyandots contend that the whole of the annuity secured by that treaty is to be paid to them and a few persons of the Shawnees and Seneca tribes ; now, therefore, the commissioners of the United States, believing that the construction given by the Wyandots to the said treaty is correct, engage that the United States shall pay to the said Wyandot tribe, in specie, in the course of the year one thousand eight hundred and eighteen, and the said sum of two thousand five hundred dollars.

Article 14. The United States reserves to the proper authority the right to make roads through any part of the land granted or reserved by this treaty ; and also to the different agents the right of establishing taverns and ferries for the accommodation of travelers, should the same be found necessary.

Article 15. The tracts of land herein granted to the chiefs for the use of the Wyandots, Shawnees, Senecas, and Delaware Indians, and the reserve for the Ottawas Indians, shall not be liable to taxes of any kind so long as such land continues the property of the said Indians.

^ Article 16. Some of the Ottawa, Chippewa, and Pottawottomy tribes being attached to the Catholic religion, and believing they may wish some of their children hereafter educated, do grant to the rector of the Catholic church of St. Anne, of Detroit, for the use of said church, and to the corporation of the college at Detroit for the use of said college, to be retained or sold, as the said rector and corporation may judge expedient, each one-half of three sections of land, to contain six hundred and forty acres, on the river Raisin, at a place called Macon, and three sections of land not yet located, which tracts were reserved for the use of the said Indians by the treaty of Detroit in one thousand eight hundred and seven ; and the superintendent of Indian affairs in the territory of Michigan is authorized, on the part of the said Indians, to select the said tracts of land.

Article 18. The Delaware tribe of Indians, in consideration herein made on the part of the United States, do hereby forever cede to the' United States ail the claim which they have to the thirteen sections of land reserved for the use of certain persons of their tribe, by the second section of the act of Congress, passed March third, one thousand eight hundred and seven, providing for the disposal of the lands of the United States between the United States Military Tract and the Connecticut Reserve, and the lands of the United States between the Cincinnati and Vincennes districts.

Article 19. The United States agree to grant, by patent in fee simple, to Zeeshawn or James Armstrong, and to Sanondoyourayquaw or Silas Armstrong, chiefs of the Delaware Indians, living on the Sandusky waters, and their successors in office, chiefs of the said tribe, for the use of the persons mentioned in the annexed schedule, in the same manner, and subject to the same conditions, provisions, and limitations as is hereinbefore provided for the lands granted to the Wyandot, Seneca, and Shawnees Indians, a tract of land, to contain nine square miles, to join the tract granted to the Wyandots of twelve miles square, to be laid oil as nearly in a square form as practicable, and to include Captain Pipe's village.

Article 20. The United States also agree to grant, by patent, to the chiefs of the Ottawa tribe of Indians, for the use of the said tribe, a tract of land, to contain thirty-four square miles, to be laid out as nearly in a square form as practicable, not interfering with the lines of the tracts reserved by the treaty of Greenville on the south side of the Miami river of Lake Erie, and to include Tushquegan, or M'Carty's village ; which tracts, thus granted, shall be held by the said tribe, upon the usual conditions of Indian reservations, as though no patent were issued.

Article 21. This treatry shall take effect, and be obligatory on the contracting parties, as soon as the same shall have been ratified by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof.

Three sections, to contain six hundred and forty acres each, are to be reserved out of the tract of twelve miles square to be granted to the Wyandots. One of the said sections is to be appropriated to the use of a missionary, one for the support of schools, and one for the support of mechanics, and to be under the direction of the chiefs. Two sections, of six hundred and forty acres each, are to be granted to each of the following persons, being the chief of the Wyandot tribe, and his six counsellors, namely : Doouquod or half king ; Routoudu or Warpole ; Tauyaurontoyon or Between the Logs ; Dawatout or John Hicks ; Manocue or Thomas ; Sauyoudautansaw or George Ruuh ; and Hawdowuwaugh or Matthews.

And, after deducting the fifteen sections thus to be disposed of, the residue of the said tract of twelve miles square is to be equally divided among the following persons, namely: Hoocue, Roudootouk, Mahoma, Naatou, Mautanawto, Maurunquaws, Naynuhanky, Abrm. Williams, sen., Squautaugh, Tauyouranuta, Tahawquevouws, Dasharows, Twayheton, Hawtooyou, Maydounaytove, Neudooslau, Deecalrautousay, Houtooyemaugh, Datoowawna, Matsayeaanyourie, James Ranken, Sentumass, Tahutoshowweda, Madudara, Shaudauaye, Shamardeesav, Sommodowot, Moautaau, Nawsottomaugh, Maurawskinquaws, Tawtoolowme, Shawdouyeayourou, Showweno, Dashoree, Sennewdorow, Toayttootaw, Mawskattaugh, Tahawshodeuyea, Haunarawreudee, Shauromou, Tawyaurontoreyea, Roumelay, Nadocdys, Carryumandentaugh, Bigarms, Mandonrawcays, Haurauoot, Syhrundash, Tahorowtsemdee, Roosayn, Dautoresay, Nashawtoomous, Skawduutoutee, Sanorowsha, Nautennee, Youausha, Aumatorrow, Ohoutautoon, Tawyougaustayou, Sootonteeree, Dootooau, Hawreenwaucudee, Yourahatsa, Towntoreshaw, Syuwewataugh, 'Cauyou, Omiztsehaw, Gausawaugh, Skashowaysquaw, Mawdovdoo, Narowayshaus, Nawcatay, Isuhowhayeato, Myatousha, Tauoodowma, Youhreo, George Williams, Oharvatoy, Saharossor, Isaac Williams, Squindatee, Mayeatohot, Lewis Coon, Isatouque, or John Coon, Tawaumanocay or E. Wright, Owawtatuu, Osontraudee, Tomatsahoss, Sarrahoss, Tauyoureehoryeow, Saudotoss Toworordu, or Big Ears, Tauomatsarau, Tahoroudoyou or Two, Daureehau, Dauoreeenu, Trautohauweetough, Yourowquains, or

The thirty thousand acres of land for the Senecas upon the Sandusky river, is to be equally divided among the following persons, namely: Syuwasautau, Nawwene, Joseph, Iseumetaugh or Picking up a club, Orawhaotodie or Turn over, Saudaurous or Split the river, Tahowtoorains or Jo Smee, Ispomduare, Yellowbay, Dashowrowramou or Drifting sand, Hauautouasquas, Hamyautuhow, Tahovayn, Howdautauyeao or King George, Standing Bones, Cyahaga or Fisher, Suthemoore, Red Skin, Mentauteehoore, Hyanashraman, or Knife in his hand, Running About, John Smith, Carrying the Basket, Cauwauay, or Striking, Rewauyeato or Carrying the news, Half up the Hill, Trowyoudoys or G. Hunter, Spike Buck, Caugooshow or Clearing up, Mark on his Hip, Captain Hams, Isetaune, or Crying often, Taunerowya or Two companies, Haudonwauays or Stripping the river, Isohauhasay, or Tall chief, Tahowmandoyou, Howyouway or Paddling, Clouding up, Youwautowtoyou or Burnt his body, Shetonyouwee or Sweet foot, Tauhaugainstoany or Holding his hand about, Oharrawtodee or Turning over, Haucaumarout, Sarrowsauismatare or Striking sword, Sadudeto Oshoutoy, or Burning berry, Hard Hickory, Curetscetau, Youronocay or Isaac, Youtradowwonlee, Newtauyaro, Tayouonte or Old foot, Tauo- sanetee, Syunout or Give it her, Doonstough, or Hunch on his forehead, Tyaudusout or Joshua Hendricks, Taushaus, haurow or Cross the arms, Henry, Youwaydauyea or the Island-Armstrong, Shake the Ground, His Neck Down, Youheno, towotoyoudo or Looking at her. Captain Smith, Tobacco, Standing Stone, Ronunaise or Wiping stick, Tarsduhatse or Large bones, Hamanchagave, House-Fly or Maggot, Roudouma or Sap running, Big Belt, Cat Bone, Sammy, Taongauats or Round the, point, Ramuye or Hold the sky, Mentoududu, Hownotant, Slippery nose, Tauslawquowsay or Twenty wives, Hoogaurow or Mad man, Coffee-house, Long Hair.

Black Hoof, Pomthe or Walker, Piaseka or Wolf, Shemenutu or Snake, Ohtawakeseka or Yellow feather, Penethata or Perry, Chacalaway or the End of the tail, Quitawee or war chief, Sachachewa, Wasewweela, Wassewela or Bright horn, Othawsa or Yellow, Tepetoseka, Caneshemo, Newabetucka, Cawawescucka, Thokutchema, Setakosheka, Topee or James Saunders, Meshenewa, Tatiape, Pokechaw, Alawaymotakah, Lalloway or Perry, Wabemee, Nemekoshe, Nenepemeshequa or Cornstalk, Sheshe, Shawabaghke, Naneskaka, Thakoska or David McNair, Shapakake, Shapoquata, Peapakseka, Quaghquona, Quotowame, Nitaskeka, Thakaska or Spy Buck, Pekathchseka, Tewaskoota or James Blue Jacket, Calawesa, Quaho, Kaketchheka or W. Perry, Swapee, Peckto or Davy Baker, Skokapowa or George M'Dougall, Che-pak-osa, Shemay or Sam, Chiakoska or Captain Tom, General Wayne, Thawav, Othawee, Weeasesaka or Captain Reed, Lewaytaka, Tegoshea or George, Skekacumsheka, Wesheshemo,. Mawenatcheka, Quashke, Thaswa, Baptiste, Waywalapee, Peshequkame, Chakalakee or Tom, Keywaypee, Egotacumshequa, Wabepee, Aquashequa, Pemotah, Nepaho, Takepee, Toposheka, Lathawanomo, Sowaghkota or Yellow clouds, Meenkesheka, Asheseka, Ochipway, Thapaeka, Chakata, Nakacheka, Thathouakata, Paytokothe, Palaske, Shesheloo, Quanaqua, Kalkoo, Toghshena, Capowa, Ethowakosee, Quaquesha, Capea, Thakatcheway, The man going up hill, Magotha, Tecumtequa, Setepakothe, Kekentha, Shiatwa, Shiabwasson, Koghkela, Alkopee or a Heap of any thing, Lamatothe, Kesha, Pankood, Peitehthator or Peter, Metchepelah, Capeah, Showagame, Wawaleepesheeka, Meewen- sheka, Nanemepahtoo or Trotter, Pamitchepetoo, Chalequa, Tetetee, Lesheshe, Nawabasheka or White feather, Skepakeskeshe, Tenakeekee, Shemaka, Pasheto, Thiatcheto, Metchemetehe, Chacowa, Lawathska, Potchetee or the Man without a Tail, Awabaneshekaw, Pa ta coma, Lamakesheka, Papashow, Weathak'sheka, Pewaypee, Totah, Canaqua, Skepakutcheka, Welviesa, Kitahoe, Neentakoshe, Oshaishe, Chilosee, Quilaisha, Mawethaque, Akepee, Quelenee.

The tract of five miles square, at Hog Creek, is to be equally divided among the following persons, namely: Peeththa Onowashim, Pematheywa, Wabekesheke, Leeso, Pohcaywese, Shemagauashe, Nehquakahucka, Papaskootepa, Meacaywese, Shemaguashe, Nehquakahucka, Papaskotepa, Meamepetoo, Welawenaka, Petiska, Ketuckepe, Lawitchetee, Epaumee, Shanaclce, Jose, Lanawtucka, Shawaynaka, Wawatashewa, Ketaksosa, Shashekopeah, Lakose, Quinaska.

The tract of three miles square for the Delaware Indians, adjoining the tract of twelve miles square upon the Sandusky river, is to be equally divided among the following persons, namely: Captain Pipe, Zeshhauau or James Armstrong, Mahawtoo or John Armstrong, Sanowdoyeasquaw or Silas Armstrong, Teorow or Black Raccoon, Hawdorowwatistie or Billy Montour, Buck Wheat, William Dondee, Thomas Lyons, Johnny Cake, Captain Wolf, Isaac, Isaac Hill, John Hill, Tishatahoones or widow Armstrong, Ayenucere, Hoomaurow or John Ming, Youdorast.

Treaties At St. Marys

On the 17th of September, 1818, a treaty was made at St. Marys, in the State of Ohio, between Lewis Cass and Duncan McArthur, commissioners on the part of the United States, and the sachems, chiefs and warriors of the Wyandot, Seneca, Shawnee, and Ottawa Indians ; being supplementary to the treaty made and concluded with said tribes, and the Delawares, Pottawottomie, and Chippewa tribes of Indians, at the foot of the rapids of the Miami of Lake Erie, on the twenty-ninth day of September, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and seventeen.

Article i. Ijt is agreed between the United States and the parties hereunto that the several tracts of land described in the treaty to which this is supplementary, and agreed hereby to be granted by the United States to the chiefs of the respective tribes named therein, for the use of the individuals of the said tribes, and also the tract described in the twentieth article of the said treaty shall not be thus granted, but shall be excepted from the cession made by the said tribes to the United States, reserved for the use of the said Indians, and held by them in the same manner as Indian reservations have been heretofore held. But (it) is -further agreed that the tracts thus reserved shall be reserved for the use of the Indians named in the schedule to the said treaty, and held by them and their heirs forever, unless ceded to the United States.

Article 2. It is also agreed that there shall be reserved for the use of the Wyandots, in addition to the reservations before made, fifty-five thousand six hundred and eighty acres.

of land, to be laid off in two tracts, the first to adjoin the south line of the section of six hundred and forty acres of land heretofore reserved for the Wyandot chief, Cherokee Boy, and to -extend south to the north line of the reserve of twelve miles square, at Upper Sandusky, and the other to adjoin the east line of the reserve of twelve miles square at U^per Sandusky, and to ^extend east for quantity.

There shall also be reserved for the use of the Wyandots residing at Solomon's Town, and on Blanchard's Fork, in addition to the reservation before made, sixteen thousand acres of land, to be laid off in a square form, on the head of Blanchard's Fork, the center of which shall be at the Big Spring, on the trace leading from Upper Sandusky to Fort Findlay, and one hundred and sixty acres of land, for the use of the Wyandots, on the west side of the Sandusky River, adjoining the said river, and the lower line of two sections of land, agreed by treaty, to which this is supplementary, to be granted to Elizabeth Whitaker.

There shall also be reserved for the use of the Shawnees, in addition to the reservation before made, twelve thousand eight hundred acres of land, to be laid off adjoining the east line of their reservation ten miles square at Wapaghkonetta ; and for the use of the Shawnees and Senecas, eight thousand nine hundred and sixty acres of land, to be laid off adjoining the west line of the reserve of forty-eight square miles at Lewiston. And the last reserve hereby made, and the former reserve at the same place, shall be equally divided by an east and west line, to be drawn through the same. And the north half of the said tract shall be reserved for the use of the Senecas who reside there, and the south half for the use of the Shawnees who reside there.

There shall also be reserved for the use of the Senecas, in addition to the reservations before made, ten thousand acres of land, to be laid off on the east side of the Sandusky River, at the lower corner of William Spicer's section, and excluding therefrom the said William Spicer's section.

Article 3. It is hereby agreed that the tracts of land, which by the eighth article of the treaty to which this is supplementary, are to be granted by the United States to the persons mentioned, shall never be conveyed, by them or their heirs, without permission of the President of the United States.

Article 4. The United States agree to pay to the Wyandots an additional annuity of five hundred dollars, forever, to the Shawnees and to the Senecas of Lewiston, an additional annuity of one thousand dollars, forever; and to the Senecas an additional annuity of five hundred dollars, forever; and to the Ottawas an additional annuity of one thousand five hundred dollars, forever. And these annuities shall be paid at the places, and in the manner prescribed by the treaty to which this is supplementary.

Article 5. This treaty shall take effect, and be obligatory 011 the contracting parties as soon as the same shall be ratified by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof.

Articles of a treaty made and concluded at St. Mary's, in the state of Ohio, on the 20th day of September, 1818, between Lewis Cass, commissioner of the United States, thereto especially authorized by the President of the United States, and the chiefs and warriors of the Wyandot tribe of Indians.

Article i. The Wyandot tribe of Indians hereby cede to the United States all the right reserved to them in two tracts of land in the Territory of Michigan, one including the village called Brownstown, and the other the village called Maguagua, formerly in the possession of the Wyandot tribe of Indians, containing in the whole not more than five thousand acres of land ; which two tracts of land were reserved for the use of the said Wyandot tribe of Indians and their descendants, for the term of fifty years, agreeably to the provisions of the act of Congress passed February 28th, 1809, and entitled "An act for the relief of certain Alabama and Wyandot Indians."

Article 2. In consideration of the preceding cession, the United States will reserve for the use of the said Wyandot Indians, sections numbered twenty-three, twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, thirty-four, thirty-five, thirty-six, twenty-seven, and that part of section numbered twenty-two, which contains eight acres, and lies on the south side of the river Huron, being in the fourth township south of the base line, and in the ninth range east of the first meridian, in the Territory of Michigan, and containing four thousand nine hundred and ninety-six acres ; and the said tract of land shall be reserved for the use of the said Wyandot Indians and their descendants, and be secured to them in the same manner, and on the same terms and conditions as is provided in relation to the Alabama Indians by the first section of the before mentioned act of Congress, except that the said Wyandot Indians and their descendants shall hold the said land so long as they or their descendants shall occupy the same.

Articles of a treaty made and concluded at St. Mary's, October 3, 1818, between Jonathan Jennings, Lewis Cass, and Benjamin Parke, commissioners of the United States, and the Delaware Nation of Indians.

Article 2. In consideration of the aforesaid cession, the United States agree to provide for the Delawares a country to reside in, upon the west side of the Mississippi, and to guaranty to them the peaceable possession of the same.

Article 3. The United States also agree to pay the Delawares the full value of their improvements in the country hereby ceded; which valuation shall be made by persons to be appointed for that purpose by the President of the United States; and to furnish the Delawares with one hundred and twenty horses, not to exceed in value forty dollars each, and a sufficient number of pirouges, to aid in transporting them to the west side of the Mississippi; and a quantity of provisions, proportionate to their numbers and the extent of their journey.

Article 4. The Delawares shall be allowed the use and occupation of their improvements for the term of three years from the date of this treaty, if they so long request it.

Article 5. The United States agree to pay to the Delawares a perpetual annuity for four thousand dollars, which, together with all annuities which the United States, by any former treaty, engaged to pay them, shall be paid in silver, at any place to which the Delawares may move.

Article 7. One half section of land shall be granted to each of the following persons, namely Isaac Wobby, Samuel Cassman, Elizabeth Petchaka, and Jacob Dick; and one quarter of a section of land shall be granted to each of the following persons, namely, Solomon Tindell and Benoni Tindell, all of whom are Delawares; which tracts of land shall be located after the country is surveyed, at the first creek above the old fort on White River, and running up the river; and shall be held by the persons herein named, respectively, and their heirs; but shall never be conveyed or transferred without the approbation of the President of the United States.

Article 8. A sum not exceeding thirteen thousand three hundred and twelve dollars and twenty-five cents shall be paid by the United States, to satisfy certain claims against the Delaware Nation, and shall be expended by the Indian agent at Piqua and Fort Wayne, agreeably to a schedule this day examined and approved by the commissioners of the United States.

Article 9. This treaty, after the same shall be ratified by the President of the United States, shall be binding on the contracting parties.

Whereas the foregoing treaty stipulates that the United States shall provide for the Delaware Nation a country to reside in, west of the Mississippi, as the permanent residence of their nation; and whereas the said Delaware Nation are now willing to remove, on the following conditions, from the country on the James' Fork of White River in the State of Missouri, to the country selected in the fork of the Kansas and Missouri River, as recommended by the Governrment, for the permanent residence of the whole Delaware Nation; it is hereby agreed upon by the parties, that the country in the fork of the Kansas and Missouri Rivers, extending up the Kansas River to the Kansas line, and up the Missouri River to Camp Leavenworth, and thence by a line drawn westwardly, leaving a space ten miles wide, north of the Kansas boundary line, for an outlet, shall 15 H a c be conveyed and forever secured by the United States to the said Delaware Nation as a permanent residence; and the United States hereby pledges the faith of the Government to guarantee to the said Delaware Nation, forever, the quiet and peaceable possession and undisturbed enjoyment of the same, against all claims and assaults of all and every other people whatever.

And the United States hereby agrees to furnish the Delaware Nation with forty horses, to be given to their poor and destitute people, and the use of six wagons and ox-teams, to assist the nation in removing their heavy articles to their permanent home ; and to supply them with all necessary farming utensils and tools necessary for building houses, etc. ; and to supply them with provisions on their journey, and with one year's provisions after they get to their permanent residence; and to have a grist and saw-mill erected for their use, within two years after their complete removal.

And it is hereby expressly stipulated and agreed upon by the parties that, for and in consideration of the full and entire relinquishment by the Delaware Nation of all claim whatever to the country now occupied by them in the State of Missouri, the United States shall pay to the said Delaware Nation an additional permanent annuity of one thousand dollars.

And it is further stipulated that thirty-six sections of the best land within the limits hereby relinquished shall be selected, under the direction of the President of the United States, and sold for the purpose of raising a fund to be applied, under the direction of the President, to the support of schools for the education of Delaware children.

It is agreed upon by the parties that this supplementary article shall be concluded in part only, at this time, and that a deputation of a chief, or warrior, from each town, with their interpreter, shall proceed with the agent to explore the country, more fully, and if they approve of said country to sign their names under ours, which shall be considered as finally concluded on our part ; and after the same shall be ratified by the President and Senate of the United States, shall be binding on the contracting parties.

Articles of a treaty- made and concluded at St. Mary's, in the State of Ohio, between Jonathan Jennings, Lewis Cass, and Benjamin Parke, commissioners of the United States, and the Miami Nation of Indians. Made Oct. 6th, 1818.

Article i. The Miami Nation of Indians cede to the United States the following tract of country : Beginning at the Wabash River, where the present Indian boundary line crosses the same, near the mouth of Raccoon Creek; thence up the Wabash River, to the reserve at its head, near Fort Wayne ; thence to the reserve at Fort Wayne; thence, with the lines thereof, to the St. Mary's River ; thence up the St. Mary's River to the reservation at the portage ; thence, with the line of the cession made by the Wyandot Nation of Indians to the United States, at the foot of the Rapids of the Miami of Lake Erie, on the 29th day df September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventeen, to the reservation at Loramie's store ; thence, with the present Indian boundary line, to Fort Recovery ; and with the said line, following the course thereof, to the place of beginning.

Article 2. From the cession aforesaid the following reservations, for the use of the Miami Nation of Indians, shall be made : One reservation, extending along the Wabash River, from the mouth of Salamonie River, to the mouth of Eel River, and from these points, running due south, a distance equal to a direct line from the mouth of Salamonie River to the mouth of Eel River. One other reservation of ten miles square, on the river Salamonie, at the mouth of Atchepongqwawe Creek. One other reservation of six miles square, on the Wabash River, below the forks thereof. One other reservation of ten miles square, opposite the mouth of the river A Bonette. One other reservation of ten miles square, at the village of Sugar Tree Creek. One other reservation of two miles square, at the mouth of a creek called Flat Rock, where the road to White River crosres the same.

Article 3. The United States agree to grant, by patent, in fee simple, to Jean Bapt. Richardville, principal chief of the Miami Nation of Indians, the following tracts of land :

Two sections upon the east side of the St. Mary's River, near Fort Wayne, running east one mile with the line of the military reservation; thence, from that line and from the river, for quantity.

Two sections on the Twenty-Seven-Mile Creek, where the road from St. Mary's to Fort Wayne crosses it, being one section on each side of said creek.

The United States also agree to grant to each of the following persons, being Miami Indians by birth, and their heirs, the tracts of land herein described :

To Joseph Richardville and Joseph Richardville, Jun., two sections of land, being one on each side of the St. Mary's River, and below the reservation made on that river by the treaty of Greenville in 1795.

To Wemetche, or the Crescent, one section, below and adjoining the reservation of Anthony Chesne, on the west side of the St. Mary's River, and one section immediately opposite to Macultamunqua, or Black Loon.

To Keenquatakqua, or Long Hair; Arozon, or Twilight;. Peconbequa, or a Woman Striking; Aughquamauda, or Difficulty, and Meaghqua, or Noon, as joint tenants, five sections of land upon the Wabash River, to the center of which shall be the Wyandot village, below the mouth of Tippecanoe River.

To Charley, a Miami Chief, one section of land, on the west side of the St. Mary's River, below the section granted to Pemetche, or the Crescent.

To the two oldest children of Peter Langlois, two sections of land, at a place formerly called Village du Puant, at the mouth of the River called Pauceaupichoux.

To Francois Lafontaine and his son, two sections of land, adjoining . and above the two sections granted to Jean Bapt. Richardville, near Fort Wayne, and on the same side of the St. Mary's River.

To the son of George Hunt, one section of land, on the west side of the St. Mary's River, adjoining the two sections granted to Francois Lafontain and his son.

To Josetta Beaubien, one section of land on the left bank of the St. Mary's above and adjoining the three sections granted to Jean Bapt. Richardville..

To Ann Turner a half-blooded Miami, one section of land on the northwest side of the Wabash River, to commence at the mouth of Fork Creek, on the west bank of the said creek, and running up said creek one mile in a direct line, thence at right angles with this line for quantity.

To Rebecca Hackley, a half-blooded Miami, one section of land, to be located at Munsey Town, on White River, so that it shall extend on both sides to include three hundred and twenty acres of the prairie, in the bend of the river, where the bend assumes the shape of a horseshoe.

To William Wayne Wells, a half-blooded Miami, one section of land at the mouth of the Fork Creek, where the reservation for Ann Turner commences, running down the Wabash River on the northwest bank one mile ; thence back one mile, thence east one mile, to the boundary line of the grant to Ann Turner.

To Mary Wells, a half-blooded Miami, one section of land, at the mouth of Stony Creek, on the southwest side of the Wabash River, the center of which shall be at the mouth of said creek, running with the meanders thereof, up and down the Wabash River, one half mile, and thence back for quantity.

To Jane Turner Wells, a half-blooded Miami, one section of land, on the northwest side of the Wabash River, to commence on the west bank of said river, opposite the old lime-kiln, thence down the said river one mile and back for quantity.

Article 4. The Miami Nation of Indians assent to the cession made by the Kickapoos of the United States, by the treaty concluded at Vincennes, on the ninth day of December, one thousand eight hundred and nine.

Article 5. In consideration of the cession and recognition aforesaid, the United States agree to pay to the Miami Nation of Indians a perpetual annuity of fifteen thousand dollars, which, together with all annuities which, by any former treaty, the United States have engaged to pay to the said Miami Nation of Indians, shall be paid in silver.

The United States will cause to be built for the Miamis one grist-mill and one saw-mill, at such proper sites as the chiefs of the nation may select, and will provide and support one blacksmith and one gunsmith for them, and provide them with such implements of agriculture as the proper agent may think necessary.

Article 6. The several tracts of land which, by the -third article of this treaty, the United States have engaged to grant to the persons therein mentioned, except the tracts to be granted to Jean Bapt. Richardville, shall never be transferred by the said persons or their heirs, without the approbation of the President of the United States.

Article 7. This treaty shall be obligatory on the contracting parties after the same shall be ratified by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof.

Articles of a treaty made and concluded at St. Mary's, in the State of Ohio, on the 2d day of October, 1818, between Jonathan Jennings, Lewis Cass, and Benjamin Park, commissioners of the United States, and the Pottawottomie Nation of Indians.

lowing limits : Beginning at the mouth of the Tippecanoe River and running up the same to a point twenty-five miles in a direct line from the Wabash River ; thence on a line as nearly parallel to the general course of the Wabash River as practicable, to a point on the Vermilion River twenty-five miles from the Wabash River; thence down the Vermilion River to its mouth, and thence up the Wabash River to the place of beginning. The Pottawottomies also cede to the United States all their claim to the country south of the Wabash River.

Article 2. The United States agree to purchase any just claim which the Kickapoos may have to any part of the country hereby ceded below Pine Creek.

Article 3. The United States agree to pay to the Pottawottomies a perpetual annuity of two thousand five hundred dollars in silver, one-half of which shall be paid at Detroit, and the other half at Chicago ; and all annuities which, by any former treaty, the United States have engaged to pay to the Pottawottomies, shall be hereafter paid in silver.

Article 4. The United States agree to grant to the persons named in the annexed schedule and their heirs the quantity of land therein stipulated to be granted ; but the land so granted shall never be conveyed by either of the said persons, or their heirs, unless by the consent of the President of the United States.

Schedule Referred To In The Foregoing Treaty

There shall be granted to James Burnett, Isaac Burnett, Jacob Burnett, and Abraham Burnett two sections of land each ; which said James, John, Isaac, Jacob, Abraham, Rebecca and Nancy are children of Cakimi, a Pottawottomie woman, sister of Topinibe, principal chief of the nation ; and six of the sections herein granted shall be located from the mouth of the Tippecanoe River, down the Wabash River, and the other six (five) sections shall be located at the mouth of the Flint River.

There shall be granted to Perig, a Pottawottomie chief, one section of land on the Flint River, where he now lives. There shall also be granted to Mary Chatalie, daughter of Neebosh, a Pottawottomie chief, one section of land, to be located below the mouth of Pine River.

Articles of a treaty made and concluded at St. Mary's on the 2d of October, 1818, between the United States of America, by their commissioners, Jonathan Jennings, Lewis Cass, and Benjamin Park, and the Wea tribe of Indians.

Article i. The said Wea tribe of Indians agree to cede to the United States all the land claimed and owned by the said tribe within the limits of the States of Indiana, Ohio, and Illinois.

Article 2. The said Wea tribe of Indians reserve to themselves the following described tract of land, viz : Beginning at the mouth of Raccoon Creek; thence, by the present boundary-line, seven miles; thence northeasterly seven miles to a point seven miles from the Wabash River ; thence to the Wabash River by a line parallel to the present boundary-line aforesaid ; and thence by the Wabash River to the place of beginning: to be holden by the said tribe as Indian reservations are usually held.

Article 3. The United States agree to grant to Christmas Dageny and Mary Shields, formerly Mary Dageny, children of Mechinquamesha, sister of Jacco, a chief of the said tribe, and their heirs, one section of land each ; but the land hereby granted shall not be conveyed or transferred to any person or persons by the grantees aforesaid, or their heirs, or either of them, but with the consent of the President of the United States.

Article 4. The said Wea tribe of Indians accede to and sanction the cession of land made by the Kickapoo tribe of Indians in the second article of a treaty concluded between the United States and the said Kickapoo tribe on the ninth day of December, one thousand eight hundred and nine, (proclaimed March 8, 1810).

Article 5. In consideration of the cession made in the foregoing articles of this treaty, the United States agree to pay to the said Wea tribe of Indians one thousand eight hundred and fifty dollars annually in addition to the sum of one thousand one hundred and fifty dollars (the amount of their former annuity), making a sum total of three thousand dollars ; to be paid in silver by the United States annually to the said tribe, on the reservation described by the second article of this treaty.

A treaty made and concluded, October 2d, 1818, by Benjamin Parke, a commissioner for that purpose on the part of the United States, of the one part, and the chiefs, warriors, and head-men of the Wea tribe of Indians, of the other part.

Article i. The chiefs, warriors, and head-men of the said tribe agree to cede, and they do hereby cede and relinquish, to the United States all the land reserved by the second article of the treaty between the United States and the said tribe is concluded at Saint Mary's on the second day of October, eighteen hundred and eighteen, (preceding treaty).

Article 2. The sum of five thousand dollars in money and goods which is now paid and delivered by the United States, the receipt whereof the chiefs, warriors, and head-men of the said tribe do hereby acknowledge, is considered by the parties a full compensation for the cession and relinquishment above mentioned.

Article 3. As it is contemplated by the said tribe to remove from the Wabash, it is agreed that the annuity secured to the Weas by the treaty of Saint Mary's above mentioned shall hereafter be paid to them at Kaskaskia, in the State of Illinois.

Article 4. This treaty, as soon as it is ratified by the President and Senate of the United States, to be binding on the contracting parties.

Although the business of the treaties did not commence until the 20th of September, the chiefs and warriors of the Indian nations of western and northwestern Ohio began to assemble at St. Marys in the latter part of August, and by the 12th of September, the representatives of seven Indian nations were encamped along the west side of the St. Mary's river from old Fort St. Mary's to the cemetery, north of the present village of St. Marys. The boarding houses, trading houses, and soldiers' barracks were located at intermediate points between the two forts. The commissioners were accompanied by the Governors of Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan, and were escorted by a troop of Kentucky cavalry. The public dignitaries and their secretaries were entertained at the boarding houses of old Charley Murray and the Edsalls. The

Within the month that the Indians were encamped in front of the forts many thousand dollars worth of furs were given in exchange for rifles, powder, lead, knives, hatchets, gaudy colored calicos, blankets and tobacco. Aside from the business transactions, for which they were assembled, they spent their leisure hours in sports of various kinds. Pony races were of daily occurrence, and were the cause of many a fight around the camp-fires at night. Among the notable amusements was the Indian ball, game, which, in many respects, resembled the modern game of foot-ball. The officers and attendants never tired of witnessing the game.

The following description, condensed from Catlin's account of a ball-play among the Choctaw Indians, represents well the games played on the flat in front of the forts :

"The ball, used in the game, was made of white willow wood, and ornamented with curious designs drawn upon it with a hot iron. The ball-sticks or raquets, were long and slender, with a small hoop at the end of each. Each player carried two of these sticks, one in each hand. The dress of the players was very simple, being reduced to a waist-cloth, a tail made of white horsehair or quills, and a mane of dyed horse-hair around the neck. The belt by which the tail was sustained was highly ornamented, and the player painted as brilliantly as he liked, but no otherarticle of clothing was allowed, not even moccasins on the feet.

"On the evening preceding the play the two' parties repaired to the ground where the goals had been set up about two hundred yards apart, and there performed the ball-play dance by torchlight. Exactly in the middle between the goals, where the ball was to be started, sat four old medicine men, singing and beating drums while the players clustered around their respective goals, singing at the top of their voices, and rattling their ball-sticks together. All the bets were made at this time, the articles staked, such as knives, blankets, guns, cooking utensils, tobacco, and even horses - the articles being placed in the custody of the stake-holders, who held them in charge until after the conclusion of the game on the following day.

tween the goals. At a given signal, the ball was flung high in the air, and as it fell, the two opposing sets of players converged upon it. As there were often a large number of players on each side,, it may be imagined that the scene was a most animated one.

"In the desperate struggles for the ball that ensued, large numbers ran together, and leaping actually over each other's heads and darting between their adversaries' legs, tripping, and throwing, and foiling each other in every possible manner, and every voice raised to its highest key, in shrill yelps and barks; there were rapid successions of feats and incidents that amazed the spectators beyond conception of any one who has not had the opportunity to witness them."

Of the many other diversions indulged in by the Indians,, footraces and wrestling matches were the most popular. Among the Indians of great physical strength and agility, no one surpassed Kalositah, who measured over six feet in stature and weighed over two hundred pounds. Judge McCulloch, in describing him, says that "he was the most perfect specimen of physical manhood he had ever looked upon, and was confident he could out-jump or throw down any man in the Northwest." Pending the negotiations a grand hopping match occurred, in which Kalositah distanced all competitors by clearing fifty feet at two hops and a jump. "At another time a wrestling match was arranged between Tom Wilson, a noted wrestler, and the Indian, Kalositah bet his wrought silk belt against the Judge's silk necktie that he could throw Wilson.

"The contestants took holds, and Kalositah allowed his antagonist to exert his utmost before himself taking the aggressive. Wilson employed every art and energy, but all in vain ; the Indian appeared planted and could not be moved. At length Kalositah said, 'Now me,' and lifting Wilson, laid him upon the ground as he would a child. A second trial ended with the same result, and Wilson gave up the contest. At the conclusion, Kalositah returned the necktie to Judge McCulloch, saying that it was too easily won. At another time a Kentucky negro, noted for his great strength, was pitted against the Indian. The contest was sharp and decisive. The 'Now me' of the Indian was uttered sooner than it was in the contest with Wilson. The negro was thrown to the ground with great violence. Arising from the ground in a great passion, he was thrown a second time. Again arising from the

In after years (1832) he wrestled with John Norris at West Liberty. .Norris was a soldier of the war of 1812, and a great braggart. The Indian appeared at the town on a challenge received from Norris. On the day appointed, a large crowd for those times, was present to witness the contest. A ring was formed, and after a few preliminaries, the contest began; but a few moments elapsed before it became apparent that Norris had made a grave mistake. "It was scarcely worth the name, being brief and decisive. With his irresistible 'grape-vine twist/ Kalositah snapped a leg of his antagonist as if it had been a pipe-stem. The friends of Norris interposed, crying 'You have broken his leg, Kalositah ; you have broken his leg.' The imperturbable Indian only replied, 'Leg must be rotten,' and left Norris to be borne from the field."

The Indian nations at the St. Mary's Treaty were well provided with provisions during the negotiations. Droves of cattle and hogs, corn meal, salt and sugar were furnished by the General Government. Upon these articles and the game brought in by the Indian hunters they fared sumptuously every day. In addition to these supplies, smugglers, located in retreats known only to the Indians, furnished them with fire-water, that was the cause of many sanguinary contentions.