Cuyahoga County, Ohio - Chapter 37: The Press, 1870

Chapter 37: The Press

Reason for Placing it in General History - Extraordinary Number of Cleveland Journals - A Newspaper Graveyard - Successful Journals - Our System - The First Newspaper in the County - The Oldest Survivor - The Advertiser - The Whig - The Messenger - Ohio City Argus - Daily Gazette - The Liberalist - The Journal - Commercial Intelligencer - The Axe - A Log Cabin Scene - A Paper of One Issue - The Agitator - A Bad Year for Newspapers - The News and The Palladium - The Eagle- Eyed News-Catcher - The Mercury - The Guide and the Gatherer - Journalism under Difficulties at Chagrin Falls - The Farmers' and Mechanics' Journal - Two Campaign Papers - Spirit of Freedom - Labour - True Kindred - Independent Politician - A Millerite Journal - Ohio American - The Times - Uniyersalist and Literary Companion - Reserve Battery - Spirit of Freedom - Medical Examiner - Temple of Honor - Spirit of the Lakes - Family Visitor - Its Contributors - Its Useful Character - Cleveland Commercial - A merican Advertiser - The Harpoon - School Boy - Golden Rule - Forest City - Annals of Science - American Magazine - New American Magazine - Commercial Gazette - The Germania - Spiritual Universe - Daily Review - Buckeye Democrat - National Democrat - Wool Growers' Reporter - The Agitator - The Analyst - Dodge's Literary Museum - The Vanguard - Western Law Monthly - Daily Dispatch - Effect of the War - Fewer Periodicals - Revival after the War - German Democrat - Christian Standard - Ohio Cultivator - Temperance Era - American Spiritualist - Printing Gazette - Prohibition Era - Real Estate Recorder - Real Estate Journal - The Pokrok - Mechanics' and Blacksmiths' Journal - Coopers' Journal - The Illustrated Bazaar - House and Garden - The Hygiena - Oberlin New Era - The Pulpit - Sontagsblatt - Cross and Crown - The Columbia - Celtic Index - Linndale Enterprise - Our Youth - The Trio - Only Seven in a Year - Cuyahoga County Blade - Household Treasure - Irish National Magazine - The Indicator - Little Ones at Home - Maria Hilf - Pictorial World - Delnicke Liste - Labor Adyance - Household Gem - Pleasure and Profit - West Side Sentinel - The Lantern -

Living Papers - The Herald - The Plain I)ealer - The Leader - Ohio Farmer - Waechter am Erie - The Publishing House of the Evangelical Association - The Periodicals Published there -Reformed Church Publications - Brainard's Musical World - German Laptist Publications and Publishing Society - Trade Review - Berea Advertiser - Locomotive Engineer's Journal - Sunday Voice - Cleveland Anzeiger - Die Biene - Standard of the Cross - Christian Harvester - Home Companion - South Cleveland Advocate - Earnest Worker - Catholic Universe - Chagrin Falls Exponent - Sunday Morning Times - Evening Times - The Advance - Dennice Novoveku - Law Reporter - Hardware Reporter - One Cent Weekly - Penny Press - The Sentinel.

ALTHOUGH the newspapers and other periodicals of the county have nearly all been published at Cleveland, yet they have circulated in every section of the county and far outside of its limits; and, in fact, in the early days had a much larger circulation outside than inside the limits of the corporation. Moreover, journalism is an institution of such a general nature, and deals so largely with the wider interests of mankind, that it seems much the most proper to make the story of its progress a part of the general history of the county. ;

It is extremely difficult to give a detailed account of the press of Cuyahoga county; for, however great may have been the tendency in other growing cities to set on foot journalistic enterprises which were unable to survive the storms of this rude world, we are convinced that Cleveland decidedly exceeds all its rivals of similar size in this respect. In its historic field the newspaper graveyard fills no inconsiderable space. Unfortunately, moreover, in most cases there were not enough assets left to raise a tombstone telling the dates of the birth and death of the dear departed. 'Too often, indeed, the mourners neglected to perform even the rite of sepulture, leaving the sheriff to place the wasted body in the grave which they themselves never desired to look upon, and which not the most desperate resurrectionists ever sought to violate. Their names alone remain as a tradition in the memories of surviving contemporaries, and sometimes even the name has faded away, leaving but a vague recollection ef some journalistic firefly whose light has forever expired.

On the other hand, in few, if any, places of like size have labor, capital and enterprise built up papers of more commanding influence, or longer continued prosperity. Some of these date back from three to six decades ; others are of a later era but have already established themselves upon firm ground.

Of all these surviving members of the journalistic family it is comparatively easy to obtain separate accounts; but the defunct papers are so numerous and many of them were so short-lived that it is hardly practicable to furnish separate sketches of them. We have therefore concluded to give a brief general history of journalism in this county, showing its progress, and alluding at more or less length to those papers which have passed away, so far as they are known ; following this by separate sketches of all the papers now in existence.

As before stated the first paper published in the county was the Cleveland Gazette and Commercial Register, which made its first appearance on the 31st day of July, 1818. It was issued weekly - when circumstances permitted. When circumstances were unkind, intervals of from ten days to two weeks intervened between the issues, and even this precarious existence ceased the same year or early in the next.

In October, 1819, the first number of the Cleveland //erald was issued; a paper which has maintained a continued existence till the present time, and which is now not only the oldest paper in the county, but one of the oldest in the State - in fact there are but few in the whole country which antedate it. A sketch of its career is given farther on.

The Herald occupied the journalistic field without a rival for no less than thirteen years; at least, after careful inquiry, we are unable to learn of any other newspaper in the county until 1832. At that time the /lerald began to veer toward Democracy, or Jacksonianism as it was more commonly called in those days, and anumber of the leading Whigs of Cleveland went to work to establish a more thorough exponent of their party doctrines. They persuaded the late Madison Kelley to undertake the task, and in 1832 that gentleman established the Advertiser as an organ of the Whig party. Hon. John W. Allen wrote the salutatory editorial in the first number. Yet in the mutations of politics the Advertiser was afterwards transmuted into that decisively Democratic paper, the Plain Dealer, while the Herald became a thorough champion of Whiggery.

On the 20th day of August, 1834, the Cleveland Whig was established by Rice & Penniman. It existed, as near as we can learn, about two years. It was followed in May 1836, by the Cleveland Messenger, the founders of which were Messrs. Beck & Tuttle. It became defunct in less than a year. The same month saw the establishment of the Ohio City Argus on the west side, by T. H. Smead and Lyman W. Hall. It was Whiggish in its tendencies, though not extremely partisan. Its first number was issued 6n the 20th of May, 1836. In the same year Mr. Hall withdrew, and Mr. Smead (still a compositor in Cleveland) acted for a time as both publisher and editor. In the forepart of 1838 the name was changed to the Ohio City Transcript, and the aid of Mr. Hill was obtained, who acted as editor until the suspension of the paper in 1839.

In the summer of 1836, also, the Cleveland. Daily Gazette was founded by Charles Whittlesey, Hsq., now the well-known Colonel Whittlesey. This paper had but a brief separate existence, but it did not die ; it was married. In March, 1837, it was united to the Herald; the consolidated paper being issued for seyeral years as the Daily [Herald and Gazette.

10th day of September, in that year, by Dr. Samuel Underhill, editor and proprietor. It was a small weekly, and advocated what its editor called free thought, but which most people designated as infidelity. There seems to have been a considerable skeptical element in Cleveland at an early day, for a place of its size, but there was not enough to support a weekly organ, for the Lideralist expired during the following year.

On the other hand there was a religious organ (Presbyterian) established at Cleveland as early as 1836. It was called the Cleveland Journal, and in 1837 was published by John M. Sterling, Samuel C. Aikin and A. Penfield. Its editor was Rev. O. P. Hoyt. A little later it was united with the Ohio Observer, then located at Hudson. The consolidated paper was published at Cleveland, under the name of the Cleveland Observer. In 1840 it was moved back to Hudson, where it resumed the name of Ohio Observer.

The Daily Commercial Intelligencer was born in 1838; its sponsor being Benjamin Andrews. The only record opposite its infant name is " Died out."

During the celebrated Harrison campaign of 1840, a small campaign paper of five columns called The Axe, was published from the 23d of April until after election. It was of course devoted to the cause of Harrison, who was supported by an immense majority of the voters of the Western Reserve. The top of its first page was adorned with a log cabin covered with a ''shake" roof, supposed to represent the dwelling of the popular old Indian-fighter.

We believe the shortest-lived of all the many shortlived Cleveland newspapers was one of which even the name is in doubt. A person who is described as a "Quaker Whig," projected a journal in 1840, to be called either the Christian Statesman or the Christian Whig, it is not certain which. A solitary number appeared under one of those names, and that was both the beginning and the end of what was evidently intended to be the regenerator of Cuyahoga politics. Almost as brief was the career of the Cleveland Agitator, a weekly anti-slavery sheet which came into existence in 1840, and went out of existence the same year.

The year 1841 was a remarkably good time for giving birth to newspapers, and a remarkably poor one for keeping them alive. No less than three passed from the cradle to the grave during that single twelvemonth, besides two others, the time and term of whose existence is not exactly known. The Daily Morning News was # neutral sheet established in 1841 by George Mortimer Shippen. <''Died the same year." 'The Palladium of Inberty was an anti-slavery weekly edited by the Rev. Mr. Butts. A brief trial demonstrated that sufficient support could not be obtained, and liberty was left without its palladium. 'Died the same year." The very peculiar title of The Lagle- Eyed News-Catcher was'given by David L. Wood to another venture (daily) of 1841, but though it might catch the news, it couldn't catch the money; and the Eagle-Eyed soon closed its piercing orbs in everlasting sleep. ''Died the same year." certainly departed this life in that eventful year. The Mothers' and Young Ladies' Guide, edited by Mrs. M. M. Herrick, was a monthly publication which had a brief existence about the same period.

Passing to the year 1842, we find the Cleveland Gatherer (weekly) coming into existence under the management of E. B. Fisher, and maintaining itself until 1844, when it was gathered to its predecessors; being rather a long-lived journal for that period.

The first effort to have a newspaper in Cuyahoga county, outside of Cleveland, was at the enterprising village of Chagrin Falls. In 1842, when the village was but cight years old, C. T. Blakeslee and John Brainard (the latter afterwards a professor of chemistry in Cleveland, and examiner of patents at Washington), undertook to establish a newspaper. They bought a hundred dollars worth of type on credit, and made with their own hands every thing else necessary for their purpose, including the press. The latter wus not, perhaps, very beautiful, but it was used for yeurs to print a newspaper. The proprietors called their preduction the Farmers' and Mechanics' Journal; the first number being issued in August of the year above named.

Immediately afterwards Mr. Blakeslee sold out. to Iliram E. Calkins, who, in about eight months, disposed of hisinterest to M.S. Barnes. In the summer of 1844 Brainard and Barnes sold to H. G. Whipple, who undertook to make a Democratic campaign paper of the Journal. His foreman (the late proprietor, Barnes), however, in Whipple's absence, substituted w Whig ticket and editorial. Barnes, of course, was dismissed. Ie then bought a press and established a Whig campaign paper. The rival journals both died after election. ;

To conclude the story of early journalism at Chagrin Falls, the next year M. P. Doolittle and H. E. Calkins started a paper named the Spirit of Freedom, which expired the same autumn. Afterwards a publication called Labowr was carried on by the ''Labouring Men's Association." The undertaking, however, proved more laborious than profitable, and was given up; Mr. and Mrs. E. H. Sanford becoming the owntérs of the press. In January, 1850, Mrs. Sanford began the publication of a monthly, especially intended for women, called True Kindred. At the end of five months this was changed to the Independent Politician (weekly) edited by Mr. Sanford. Ere long this, too, was discontinued, and thenceforth there were no more journalistic efforts at Chagrin Falls until the founding of the Chagrin Exponent, as narrated farther on.

To return to Cleveland - in 1843 the Second A dventist was established by some of the believers in Father Miller, who was prophesying the end of the world in April, 1844, and who had quite a considerable following in Cleveland. The publisher was T. H. Smead. This could not, in the nature of things, have been expected to be a permanent accession to journalism. Its only inspiration was the near approach of death,

The Ohio American was established in 1844; being the earliest of the journals which, after various changes and consoldiations, became the present Leader.

At that time, also, a paper called the Declaration of Independence began its career - with T. H. Smead as publisher and Quintus F. Atkins as editor. It was strongly anti-slayery, and supported Birney, the abolition candidate for the presidency. It suspended after the close of the campaign.

In 1845 the Cleveland Weekly Times was established by Peter Baxter, with Horace Steele as editor. It was merged in the Plain Dealer in 1848. The Ohio Univeralist and Literary Companion (weekly), a small craft with a top-heavy title, was also launched on the journalistic stream in 1845, under the guidance of C. W. Hudson, publisher, and George H. Emerson, editor; only to be stranded about 1847. The True Democrat was established at Olmstead Falls in 1847. (See sketch of the Leader.)

For two or three years after 1845 there seems to have been an abatement of the mania for starting newspapers, but in 1848 it broke out again, as dangerous as ever. One of the new issues of that year was only intended for temporary use, and doubtless fulfilled its purposes. This was the Ieserve Battery, a Taylor campaign (weekly), published by J. A. Harris from the 20th of July until after election. The vignette represented Gen. Taylor directing the firing of a battery of artillery at a group of enemies, among whom Gen. Cass is the most prominent who throws up his hands and protests against the ''noise and confusion " which prevails.

The Spirit of Freedom was founded in that year by certain gentlemen who are vaguely designated as "Law Reformers," but it had not enough flesh and blood enough for this practical world, and it fled to brighter climes after a very brief sojourn. The Northern Ohio Medical Examiner (monthly), born the same year, represented another leading profession, but it,:too, soon passed away.

The Temple of Honor was the organ of the order of Sons of Temperance, and though we cannot ascertain the exact dates, yet it was probably founded about 1850, and died after a year or two of highminded but poorly fed existence. The Spirit of the Lakes was a journal of the same period published by the Western Seaman's Friend Society (Rev. R. H. Leonard, editor), for the benefit of the sailors on the lakes, which performed its beneficent labor nearly six years. In its latter days 1t was known as the Spirit of the Lakes and Boatmen's Reporter; having ~ absorbed another journal started with the same object. Perhaps the weight of the title sunk it.

Another new journal of 1850 was the Fumily Visitor (weekly), the first number of which was issued on the 3d of January in that year, under the supervision of J. P. Kirtland, 8. St. John and O. H.

Knapp. sits name implied, it was intended especially for the home circle, and was really a very desirable paper. Every number contained illustrated articles on natural history, usually contributed by Professor Kirtland or Charles Whittlesey, Esq. On the 9th of May in the same year, it appeared with the heading " published at Cleveland and Hudson." The publication of this useful journal was continued until 1858, when it went down under the stress of '"'hard times."

The principal contribution of the year 1852 to the list of ephemeral publications was the Cleveland Commereval, a neutral weekly, founded by Hine and Cullaton. It subsequently passed into the hands of H. M. Addison, advocating the cause of morality, education, temperance and equal rights for four years, and then ceased to exist - perhaps because those virtues had become so well established that a special champion was no longer necessary.

Mr. Addison seems to have had a remarkable proelivity and facility for establishing newspapers, for the records show that in 1852 he founded two, both devoted to temperance. Probably, however, the first, the American Advertiser, merely changed its name, assuming the name of the Harpoon, under which ferocious title it struck terror into the whales of evil at a dollar a year for about four years, when it lost its hold and sank to rise no more.

The School Boy was for a short period edited by the students of the high school and published by F. O. McGillicuddy; closing its career in 1855 or 1856. The Golden Rule, a religious, temperance, anti-slavery, anti-tobacco monthly, published by D. M. Ide and edited by D. F. Newton, flourished for three or four years and was moved to Mansfield about 1856.

The Daily and Weekly Forest City set out on the career of journalism as an advocate of 'Free Soil" principles in 1852, but was united with the Zirue Democrat the next year, as stated in the sketch of the Leader.

The Annals of Science was a semi-monthly sheet, published by Hamilton S. Smith, which had a brief existence sometime between 1852 and 1855. The American Magazine, a Homeopathic and Hydropathic monthly, has a similar history, but lasted somewhat longer, dying about 1856. The New American Magwane, of which B. K. Maltby was the editor, was a monthly devoted to the interests of education, and its period of existence corresponded quite closely with that of its Homeo-hydropathic contemporary.

had a prosperous career for nearly twenty years, but finally disappeared in 1875. The Spiritual Universe, which began its career in 1857, enjoyed a year or so of delicate existence, and then departed to the spirit world. The Daily Review, published by Spear, Dennison & Morrison, and edited by H. H. Johnson, was born in 1857 and lasted till the first years of the war.

The Buckeye Democrat sprang into existence iit 1859, and dropped out of existence in 1860, though its place was taken by the National Demscrat, which was established by C. B. Flood in 1860 and departed this life in 1860. A publication founded in 1859 which attained somewhat more of permanence, was the Wool Growers' Reporter, a monthly founded by Andrew Meader, and devoted as its name implies to tha wool raising interest. Afterwards its scope was widened to embrace the wool-manufacturing interest, its name being changed to the Wool Grower and Manufacturer. Under this title it endured till the close of the war.

The year 1859 and the forepart of 1860 were especially distinguished by an outbreak of new publications. There were the Ayitator, a temperance and anti-slavery publication, of which Mrs. H. F. M. Brown was editor and proprietor, and which hardly lasted through the last named year; the A nalyst, of J. A. Spencer & Co., which barely survived the next one; Dodye's Literary Museum, issued by the celebrated Ossian E. Dodge, which lived about two years; and the Vanguard, a skeptical weekly which owned the triple editorship of William Denton, Alfred Cridge and Anna Denton Cridge, but which went to the rear after a very brief conflict with the dangers of Cleveland journalism. Of more solid character, but of scarcely more tenacity of life was the Western Law Monthly of Hayden, King and Elwell, which embraced the names of Hon. R. P. Ranney as supervising editor of the code department, and of J. J. Elwell and M. A. King as assistant editors. It closed its career in 1860. Most fragile of all was the Daily Dispatch, published by an association of printers, which saw but four brief moons of 1860 wax and wane ere the chilly hand of death was laid upon its infant brow.

The Gleaner, a literary weekly which was set on foot in the beginning of 1861, closed its career within a year. In fact, the war, which broke out in 1861, though it increased the demand for news, and doubtless increased the prosperity of the well-established journals devoted principally to the news, seemed to have a very depressing effect on the ambition of adventures into the journalistic field, and so far, as we can learn, not a single new periodical (unless we except Brainard's Musical World) was established in Cleveland during the continuance of the rebellion. Not only that, but the old ones of the class of the Analyst, the Literary Museum, etc., dropped off until in 1863 there were only the Herald, Plain Dealer, Leader, Ohio Farmer, Waechter am Brie, Germania, Wool Grower and Manufacturer, and the German religious papers.

After the war the business of newspaper founding began to revive; the first of the new sect being the German Democrat, which appeared in 1865. his, how-

Ere long the newspaper nursery was again in full bloom. Besides a number of journals which have survived to the present time, and of which separate sketches are subsequently given, there were the Christian Standard, established by the Christian Publishing Association in 1866, with Rey. Isaac Errett as editor, which lasted but two years; the Ohio Cultivator (monthly), published at the office of the Ohio Furmer for a brief period beginning in 1860; the Temperance Era (weekly), of which J. A. Spencer was the editor, which appeared in 1870 and disappeared within a year; the Ohio Spiritualist (weekly), which was first put forth by the American Spiritualist Publishing Conypany in 1870, and which maintained itself for three years.

Passing on to 1871, we find the Printing Gazette, (monthly,) coming to life in that year, and departing from life in the next. In 1872 the Prohibition -Hra of A. T. Proctor took the place of Mr. Spencer's Temperance Era, and lasted four years; the New Era of E. C. Parker & Co. was begun, but never became an old era; and the Real Estate Recorder of Ii. S. Herr also entered the field, to.be crowded out within a twelve-month. It was succeeded by the Real Estate Jowrnal of J. N. Bebout, which survived until 1877. Of more tenacious papers established during that year, were the Pokrok of F. B. Zdrubek, the first Bohemian paper in the.city, which was published until 1878; the Mechanics' and Blacksmiths' Journal of John Fehrenbatch, which also lasted until 1878, and the Coopers' Journal of M. A. Foran, which had a somewhat briefer existence.

It will be borne in mind all the While that we are now giving only obituary notices of the deceased; the living newspapers will be found further on.

Proceeding to the spring of 1873, one learns for the first time of the existence of Cleveland's Jilustrated Bazaar, a gay occupant of the field which withered under the frost of the succeeding winter; of the House and Garden of G. E. Blakelee, which lived two years, part of the time under the management of M. J. Lawrence; of the Cleveland Hygiena, published by Dr. Libby for three years; of the Oberlin Mew Era, by the same proprietor, which could not live one year in this uncongenial atmosphere; of the Cleveland Pulpit, edited by E. B. Raffensperger, from which came the sound of good tidings for less than two years.

By the light of another year (1874) we look upon the fleeting forms of the Cleveland Sontagsblatt (Sunday paper), edited by Julins Kurzer; of the Cross and Crown, edited by Lawrence W. Tatum, which survived but a twelvemonth; of the Columbia, edited by Joseph Killian, which survived until the close of the year last past; of the Celtic Index, edited by the fiev. Dr. Quinn; of the Linndale Enterprise, of Wm. W. Robinson, which was too enterprising to live more than a twelvemonth; of Our Youth which reached the end of its days ere three hundred and sixty-five of them were numbered, and of the Trio which attained but a little longer life - only seven new papers, all told. 'The fact that this was the climax of the hard times accounts for there not being a larger number.

The Cuyahoga County Blade, published at Newburg by L. A. Woodward; the Household Treasure of Waite and Meyel; and the Jrish National Magazine of W. J. Nicholson, were the contributions of 1875 to the list of Cleveland periodicals. The first suspended publication in a year, its place being taken by the Democratic Sunday Blade which expired a twelvemonth later; while the second and third were wrecked in. 1876.

*"Come like shadows, so depart." Five more entered the lists in 1876 (possibly some of them in the latter part of °75); the Indicator, published by 8. W. Crowell & Co.; the Little Ones at Home, by M. A. Beebe; the Maria Hilf, of which J, H. Renfert was the editor; the Pictorial World, managed by E. J. Farmer; and the Delnicke Iiste (Workingmen's News). The first, third and fourth disappeared the following year, while the second and fifth lasted a twelyemonth longer.

The only pew venture recorded in 1877 was the Sunday Post, which was absorbed in the Voice the following year. The journalistic adventures of 1878, which have already come to an end, include the Household Gem and Pleasure and Profit. The West Side Sentinel (not the present Sentinel) and the Lantern, have come and gone during the present year. So also has the State, an anti-Catholic sheet, which began life about the first of February and closed in June.

We have thus very briefly summarized the departed periodicals of Cleveland. Possibly a few of them may have escaped our attention, but this could hardly be avoided under the circumstances. We presume our readers will be satisfied with the number of those whose births and deaths have been thus recorded. We now proceed to submit sketches of those which are still upon earth, and most of which seem likely to make that their habitation for many years to come.

The Cleveland Herald

The oldest newspaper in Cleveland is the Herald, the history of which dates back to 1819. With the exception of a small sheet, started the previous vear and published irregularly for a short time, the Herald was the first to occupy the newspaper field in Cleveland. It was started as a weekly in the year above mentioned, the publishers being Z. Willes & Co., and for some time held the field alone. In the summer of 1836 the first daily newspaper was issued by Mr. - Whittlesey, under the name of the (fazette, but on the 22d of March, 1837, it was united with the Herald and published as the Daily Herald and Cazette, the proprietors being Whittlesey -and Hull. Soon after the consolidation Mr. Hull disposed of his interest to Josiah A. Harris, and after awhile Mr. Whittlesey also retired and Mr. Harris became sole proprietor of the Herald. At that time the total population of Cleveland, on both sides of the river, was about six thousand, and the business outlook very dark. But the Herald secured a firm hold of the people by its enterprise, ability and unflagging devotion to principle, characteristics which it has retained throughout its history.

In 1850 a part interest was sold to A. W. Fairbanks, who assumed charge of the publishing department and added a job office, and in the spring of 1853 George A. Benedict became one of the partners and editors. At the close of the war of the rebellion Mr. Harris retired from the paper, leaving the ownership to Fairbanks, Benedict & Co., Mr. Benedict being the editor-in-chief. In the intervening time between the commencement and close of Mr. Harris' connection with the paper, the Herald had grown from a weak, struggling sheet, to a journal of large circulation and commanding influence, and it had prospered so greatly that, instead of being printed on a press it did not own, it was the owner of a large building completely stocked with powerful presses and materials, and employed a large force. In 1876, Mr. Benedict died, and towards the close of that year his interest in the establishment was purchased by Mr. Fairbanks, who thus became sole owner.

Near the end of 1877 the Herald was sold to Messrs. Richard ©. Parsons and Wilham Perry Fogg, and the Herald Publishing Company formed, with Mr. Par- Sons as editor-in-chief and Mr. Fogg as president of the company and business manager. With the advent of the new management fresh life was infused into the old and favorite newspaper; and it took its place among the foremost and most widely known journals of the country. Its circulation is large, and its influence great. The Daily Herald is issued morning and evening, there being three' regular editions of the evening issue, and there are also tri-weekly and weekly editions with heavy circulations. The staff of editors, reporters, telegraphic correspondents, and paid contributors is large and composed of the best material, no paper of its rank being better appointed in this respect. he politics of the Herald was Whig until the death of that party. It was the first paper in the Union to hoist the name of Fremont for President, before his nomination by the first Republican national convention, and since that time has always been an advocate of Republican principles. Under its present management it is noted for its vigorous and able advocacy of true republicanism, its staunch patriotism, and its fearless criticism of men and measures, whethcr in connection with politics or other subjects.

The Cleveland Plain Dealer

its publication as a Democratic weekly paper until 1836, when they transformed it into a daily. J. W. and A. N. Gray bought the paper in 1841 and changed its name to the Plain Dealer. J. W. Gray managed the editorial department, and he was not long in making the influence of the Plain Dealer felt in the party. Mr. Gray was a terse, trenchant and witty writer, and there was few more readable papers than his.

From the start it was uncompromisingly Democratic. Politics, however, did not absorb all the space, for Mr. Gray had a sharp '' nose for news," and especially aimed to make his local chronicles lively and entertaining. The earlier issues of the Plain Dealer were not of course up to the mechanical style that at present distinguishes it; but a copy issued seven years after the Grays assumed control, which lies before the writer, is of goodly size and neat typography, and is well filled with editorial, local, miscellaneous and telegraphic news. We italicize the last adjective, because telegrams were far less common in 1848 than they are now.

The Plain Dealer was conspicuous in the Presidential campaigns from 1848 on, especially in 1852 and 1860. In the latter contest it was one of Stephen A. Douglas' principal supporters in his race against Breckenridge, Lincoln and Bell. The editor of the Plain Dealer was a warm personal friend of Mr. Douglas, and threw his whole soul into his service.

When the clouds of civil war darkened the political sky the Plain Dealer threw all of its influence in favor of the government, but Mr. Gray was not long spared to wield his pen in favor of his country. After his death, which occurred in 1862, the paper declined through bad management; but four years later it was purchased by W. W. Armstrong, of Tiffin, a veteran editor and publisher, and was thoroughly rehabilitated. In 1877, Mr. Armstrong organized the Plain Doaler Publishing Company, and the paper has since been issued under the management of that company, of which W. W. Armstrong is president, and George Hoyt is vice president. Among the gentlemen editorially connected with the Plain Dealer who have become prominent, may be mentioned ~H. Bartlett, auditor of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis Railroad Company; J. B. Boughton, now on the staff of the New York Commercial Advertiser; ex-Judge J. D. Cleveland, a leading member of the Cleveland bar; Bishop McLaren, of the Episcopal diocese of Illinois; D. R. Locke, celebrated as "Petroleum V. Nasby," and the late Charles Farrar Browne, renowned in America and England as " Artemus Ward."

The Plain Dealer is now (1879) in the enjoyment of a large circulation, and possesses an influence in the Democratic party surpassed by but one journal in Ohio; it being in all respects and without question the second Democratic daily in the State.

The Cleveland Leader

The germ of the Leader which has become one of the prominent newspapers of the country, is to be found in a journal established in what was then known as Ohio City (now the "West Site" of Cleveland,) in the year 1844, and called the "Ohio American." It was founded by R. B. Dennis, Esq., who published and edited it as an organ of the old "Liberty Party" till 1845, when it was published by Mr. Edwin Cowles, (the present editor of the Leader who was then but cighteen years old,) and edited by L. L. Rice. In 1846, Mr. Cowles transferred the publication to Mr. M. W. Miller, who continued his connection, in company with Mr. Rice, till 1848. In 1846, Hon. E. 8. Hamlin, formerly member. of congress from the Lorain district, founded a weekly anti-slavery Whig paper, called the True Jemocrat. It was first published at Olmsted Falls. In 1847 the

In 1848 the famous Buffalo convention met, composed of anti-slavery Whigs, who bolted the nomination of Gen. Taylor; of that branch of the New York Democracy known as "' Barnburnérs," who bolted the nomination of Gen. Cass for the same office, and of the members of the old Liberty party, all of whom formed the Free Soil party, and norfiinated Martin Van Buren for president, and Charles Francis Adams for vice-president.

The True Democrat and the American haying commenced oecupying the same political platform, were consolidated under the former name. During that year (1848,) Mr. Hamlin transferred the paper to Messrs. James A. Briggs and T. G. Turner, who edited and published it till the following year, when they sold out to Messrs. John OC. Vaughan and the late Thomas Brown. In 1851 Mr. George Bradburn, of Boston, became associated with Messrs. Vaughan and Brown as one of the editors of the True Democrat, and the weight of his trenchant pen was felt in the Western Reserve in favor of the cause of the downtrodden slave.

In 1852 Mr. Joseph Medill, now editor of the Chicago Tribune, came to Cleveland and established the Daily Forest City. The result was that the journalistic field in Cleveland, at that time, was filled with daily papers to more than its supporting capacity, there being the Herald, Plain Dealer and True Democrat to compete with the Yorest City. The consequence was that all these papers were losing ventures. In 1853 the Forest City and True Democrat were consolidated under the name of the Daily Forest City Democrat. Mr. Edwin Cowles, who was then carrying on the printing business, was taken into partnership, the name of the new firm being Medill, Cowles & Co. Mr. Cowles had charge of the business department, and Messrs. Medill and Vaughan were the editors; Messrs. Bradburn and Brown haying retired the year previous,

In March, 1854, the long and cumbersome name of the Forest City Democrat was changed to that of the Cleveland Leader, which name the paper has borne ever since. In the spring of 1855, Mr. Cowles purchased the interest controlled by Messrs. Medill and Vaughan, and théy moved to Chicago, taking with them Mr. Alfred Cowles, brother of Mr. Edwin Cowles, who had previously served as book-keeper in the Leader office. The three took possession of the Chicago Tribwne, then in an exhausted condition financially, and raised it to its well known important position.

From that time till 1867 Mr. Edwin Cowles was the sole proprietor of the Leader, with the exception of two brief periods, when he admitted partners into tbe business, from whom, however, he soon separated. In i856, that veteran journalist, Mr. J. A. Harris, who had edited the Cleveland Herald for the previous the editorial work of the paper, and remained with him till the fall of 1860, when he resigned. At that time Mr. Cowles assumed the editorship, and has held the position ever since.

In 1867 the Leader establishment was placed under the control of a stock company, under the name and style of the Cleveland Leader Printing Company, Mr. Cowles retaining a majority of the stock. The business of this corporation is for the purpose of publishing the Leader, and for carrying on its extensive printing establishment, which is celebrated for its handsome ornamental work and its fine book printing. This history is a specimen of its work. In this connection we would also mention that the Leader was the first newspaper in the world that was printed on a rotary lightning press which delivered the sheets pasted, with leaves cut at top and folded, all in one operation.

Since 1869 the company has also issued an afternoon paper, called the Hvening News, 'which reproduces the most important articles from the Leader, together with the later telegraphic and other news.

The Leader, with its evening edition, has a larger circulation than any other Republican paper in the State. The company also publishes the Tri-weekly, the Weekly and the Sunday Leader; all papers of large circulation and wide influence.

The Prsss

The success of the Leader may safely be ascribed not only to its thorough business management, but to its strong advocacy of Republican principles, to its bold position on all questions of the day, (opposing slavery when slavery was powerful, and now opposing every description of tyranny, whatever) and last, not least, to its being emphatically a live news paper in every sense of the word. Mr. Cowles is now the senior editor of Cleveland. The Leader has risen to its present position under his editorial management, and he will doubtless continue the work of improvement until it shall be the peer in power of any journal in

The Ohio Farmer

This paper, a weekly agricultural, live stock and family journal, was established in January, 1848, by Thomas Brown. He built up for it a fair circulation, and an enviable reputation as an enterprising agricultural paper; but, becoming financially embarrassed, relinquished his control of it in August, 1862. It then passed into the hands of William B. Fairchild, as publisher, and Sullivan D. Harris, as editor.

At this time the Ohio Oultivator, which was established in 1845, and was for seventeen years conducted by M. B. Bateham and 8. D. Harris, at Columbus, Ohio, was purchased and consolidated with the Ohio Lurmer, which beeame the only agricultural paper of the State. In December, 1866, Mr. Fairchild sold his interest as publisher to A. W. Parker. On the 29th of October, 1867, Mr. Parker died, and the publication was continued by Mr. Harris alone until January following, when the services of George E. Blakelee were secured as associate editor. On the Ist of January, 1869, Mr. Harris retired, and Mr. Blakelee became editor and proprietor.

While the paper had, up to this time, maintained a high standard of excellence, and enjoyed a fair patronage, it had brought financial ruin upon each of

In December, 1872, M. J. Lawrence purchased the paper from Mr. Blakelee, and became sole editor and proprietor. He shortly afterward procured the assistance of M. E. Williams as associate editor, and under the management of these gentlemen the paper is now conducted.

The Ohio Farmer, at the present time, has a large and stcadily increasing circulation, and takes a prominent position in American agricultural journalism. Its circulation extends throughout Ohio and the neighboring States of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana and Michigan, and it is well known in every State and territory of the Union.

In 1874 Mr. Lawrence purchased the Buckeyc Farmer, a paper for several years published at West Salem, Ohio, and united it with the Ohio Farmer.

In February, 1879, he also purchased the American Farm Journal, for nine years published at Toledo, Ohio, and consolidated that paper with the Farmer.

This paper stands to-day upon a firm and substantial basis, successful financially and in point of circulation, and is assuredly the agricultural organ of the

Waechter Am Erie

The title of this leading German newspaper in Northern Ohio, reads in English '' Sentinel on Erie." The present editor, proprietor and publisher, Mr. A. Theime, was its original proprietor, and issued the first number August 9, 1852. In 1866, Mr. Theime organized a stock company, called the Waechteram Erie Company, by which the publication of the journal was continued until 1871. In that year Mr. Theime resumed sole charge of it, and since that date its proprietary status has remained the same. larly in its history, although substantially independent in politics, the paper inclined toward Democracy, and this tone it maintained until the organization of the Liberal Republican party, of which, in Ohio, Mr. Theime was one of the pioneers, when its influence was carried over to that organization. Since the demise of Liberal Republicanism the Waechter am Erie has aimed to pursue a liberal but independent course touching the political questions of the day. The paper contains four pages, with thirty-two columns, issues-daily and weekly editions, and enjoys not only a wide circulation, but also an important place as a director of public opinion.

Publishing House Of The Evangelical Association

The first effort at establishing a publishing house for the Evangelical Association, was made in 1816, when the organization was about sixteen years old, and the whole membership numbered only one thousand four hundred persons. The immediate instrumentality of this enterprise was the late Father John Dreisbach, then a young man. While on a visit to Philadelphia he bought, at his own expense, the necessary outfit for a small printing office and book bindery, of which he made the conference a present. Preparations were then made to carry the project into effect. The conference appointed a book commission, consisting of seven members, to which was assigned the erection and management of a printing establishment. Asmall wooden building, twenty by twenty-six feet, one story and a half high, was erected on a part of the lot occupied by the first church edifice of the Association, at New Berlin, Union county, Pennsylvania, in which the business was established on a basis, as was then thought, adequate to the demands of the organization. A book agent and assistant were at once elected, and work commenced. But the church was too young and weak properly to support such an institution, and the ceased its operations. From this time on until 1836, book publishing was still carried on, but the work was contracted for. In November, 1836, at a special meeting of the General Conference, it was decided to

The church in its further development, as well as the business of the establishment, extended westward, and in 1851, the General Conference ordered the removal of the publishing house to Cleveland. This was consummated in 1854, and the new building erected on Woodland avenue, then called Kinsman street, where the business is still carried on. Jt was far up town, almost out of the city, and considering its position m a comparatively unsettled neighborhood, was quite imposing. It was forty feet front and sixty-five feet deep, and three and a half stories high. Though larger than necessary at first, some departments soon became cramped for room. Thousands of dollars worth of work was refused for want of printing facilities.

This led to the erection in the year 1874 of a new building for store and office purposes, while the old was to remain as the manufacturing department. The new block occupies lots 214 and 216, Woodland avenue, adjoining the former premises. It has a frontage of fifty-five feet and a half, with adepth on Vine street of eighty feetandahalf. lt is four stories high, ef brick, with best cut sandstone, rubbed surface, window sills and caps, the caps on the front being belted together with stone. The first story, on Woodland avenue is all standstone, with large windows, having single panes of best British plate glass. The building throughout is substantial and convenient in its arrangements, being provided with all needed modern improvements, and is heated by steam radiators in the different rooms distributing the heat.

The business of the Publishing House continued to increase until it became necessary to erect still another building. In October, 1877, the Board of Publication ordered this improvement, and in September, 1878, the building was ready for occupancy. It fronts on Ifarmon street, and in style of architecture corresponds with that erected a few yearsago on Woodland avenuc, for the book store and clerical and literary departments, - brick, with stone sills, caps and trimmings. Indeed, what has thus far been finished is only a part of the block that is eventually to occupy the entire premises, and was planned from the beginning. It measures thirty-five feet by sixty-eight feet, has four stories besides basement, with large and well lighted rooms, and is built throughout in a most substantial manner, of the very best material.

Thus, originating in a small way in New Berlin, Union county, Pennsylvania, in the year 1837, with an investment of about two hundred dollars, this has become one of the largest publishing houses in the country. The business of the association requires a capital of three hundred and eighty-two thousand dollars, and furnishes employment to nearly one hundred hands, besides having a large branch house in Germany and a depository in Canada. 'The range of its business includes a wholesale and retail bookstore, and the publication of books and periodicals. The following English publications are a part of its periodical literature: The Evangelical Messenger, The Sunday School Messenger, The Blackboard, My Lesson and The Evangelical Lesson Leaf, weekly; The Living Epistle, The Evangelictl Teacher and The Sunday Schoot Messenger, monthly, and a semi-monthly edition of The Sunday School Messenger. In the German language it publishes Der Christliche Botschafter, (the oldest and most widely circulated religious weekly in the country,) Der Christliche Kinderfreund, Die Wandtafel, Laemmerweide and Das EHvangelische Lectionsblatt, weekly; Das Evangelische Magazin and Der Ohristliche Kinderfreund, monthly; and Der Ohristliche Kinderfreund, semi-monthly. In Germany it issues Der Evangyelische Botschafter, weekly, and Der Evangelische Kinderfrewnd, monthly. The issues in America average one hundred thousand copies per week; those in Germany twelve thousand. This house is a church association, under the authority of the General Conference of the Evangelical Association, which appoints its officers and a board of publication to act.in the interim of its sessions, and is under the direct management of a publishing agent. Its net profits, beyond what is needed for its own development, are devoted to benevolent purposes, being divided among the annual conferences, for the support of poor ministers, or ministers' widows and orphans. The present publishing agent who has served for the last nine years, is Rev. W. F. Schneider.

Periodicals Of The Evangelical Association Der Christliche Botschafter

The Christliche Botschafter was established by the fifth General Conference of the Evangelical Association, held at Orwigsburg, May 25, 1835. The first number was issued January 1, 1836, at New Berlin, Union county, Pennsylvania.

With the beginning of 1840, the Botschafter appeared, somewhat enlarged, and semi-monthly. This volume was commenced with two thousand and seventy subscribers.

With the fifteenth volume (1850,) it was enlarged and furnished with new type. In 1855, the Botschafter appeared in a considerably enlarged form. From November of that year it: was published weekly. In 1867, it was again enlarged. The subscription price was raised in 1868 to two dollars and the paper again considerably enlarged. At present it numbers over nineteen thousand subscribers, and is the oldest, largest, and most extensively circulated German religious newspaper published in America.

Der Christliche Kinderfreund

A German Sunday-school paper, well illustrated. It was commenced in June, 1856, with five thousand subscribers, and its maximum number now is over thirty thousand. It is highly valued by its many

Das Evangelische Magazin

Das Evangelische Magazin was established in July, 1869, as a private enterprise. The General Conference of the Evangelical Association purchased it in 1871, and has since ordered material improyvements. It is now a monthly magazine of thirty-six large pages, ably edited, beautifully printed, finely illustrated, designed to entertain and instruct in the family circle, and deyoted to the interests of the Sunday-school and its promoters. It enjoys a continually increasing circle of readers, and is an especial favorite of those who are friends of a literature that is healthy and sound, and at the same time entertaining. It has a circulation of over eight thousand. 'lhe subscription price is one dollar and twenty-five cents a year.

This is a weekly illustrated juvenile paper, established in 1876, and particularly designed for infant Sunday-school classes. It is printed-in large type on tinted paper. It contains the lesson for the respective Sunday, but putin a form to suit young children.

Evangelisches Lectionsblatt Die Wandtafel

Die Wandiafelis an exact fac-simile of a real blackboard, thirty-two by forty-eight inches in size, and designed to illustrate the International Sunday School Lessons. It was started in January, 1879, and is issued weekly and mailed to subscribers at three dollars a year, or one dollar per quarter.

The English Evangelical Messenger

The Hvangelical Messenger was begun in New Berlin, Union county, Pennsylvania, on the 8th of January, 1848. It started with eight hundred subscribers. It was a royal sheet of four pages. It had sixteen columns of reading matter, but no advertisements, and was issued semi-monthly. The subscription price was one dollar. A new volume of the Messenger was commenced with the year 1851. It was reduced in form to a demi quarto sheet of eight pages. In August of 1864, it was advanced to one dollar and twenty-five cents, and so continued until the end of 1867. At the commencement of 1868 the price was raised to two dollars.

In November, 1861, the Messenger appeared as a weekly, without change of size or price. Eighteen hundred and sixty-eight ushered in its last and greatest change. It then assumed its present form and

The Living Epistle

The Living Epistleywas founded in January, 1869, and published by a company as a private enterprise. It became the property of the Evangelical Association in January, 1872, and has since been published by it. It is a monthly magazine of thirty-two pages, devoted to the spread of Scriptural holiness and a pure literature.

Evangelical Sunday School Teacher

The Evangelical Sunday School Teacher was established in January, 1876, to meet the wants of those in the Evangelical church who were inquiring for a low-priced standard magazine, containing notes, explanations and illustrations of the International Sunday School Lessons. It has made its way into public favor, and has a fair circulation.

Sunday School Messenger

The Messenger is an illustrated paper for the Sunday school and home. Its issue commenced in June, 1864, and it has reached a circulation of about thirtyfive thousand copies. 'The appearance and mechanical execution of the Messenger are above the average of papers of this character. Three editions are published, weekly, semi-monthly and monthly.

My. Lesson

This illustrated weekly was established in 1876, and is adapted to scholars in infant classes. It presents the lesson in a very simple form, and is printed on tinted paper, presenting an attractive appearance.

Evangelical Lesson Leaf

This contains the International Sunday School Lesson, with remarks adapted to intermediate or advanced classes. It isa valuable help to both teachers and scholars, containing the golden text, topic, questions, and practical applications.

The Sunday School Blackboard

The Blackboard is a weekly sheet, designed to illustrate, in the exact style and form of a blackboard, the International Sunday School Lessons. It is printed on heavy paper, thirty-two by forty-eight inches in size. Its publication eommenced with January, 1879, and it has found its way into all the States and Territories.

Reformed Church Publications

The German Publishing House of the Reformed Church in the United States was established in Cleveland in 1860, when the publications were limited to the Reformirte Kirchen Zeitung, (Reformed Church Journal) a weekly issue, originally published in Tiffin - beginning in 1857 - under private enterprise as The

Evangelist. Following upon the first named paper, Der Laemmerhirte (The Shepherd) was put forward as a monthly and semi-monthly Sunday School publication, and in 1876, Die Abend Lust (Zhe Evening Joy) was added asa journal for general circulation. These three named newspapers, and a small Sunday School pamphlet called Lections Blaetter (Lesson Leaf) comprise the issues of the house, the business of which is carried on by H. J. Ruetenik, at 991 Scranton Avenue, as business agent and editor.

In 1854 the Cleveland music-publishing house of S. Brainard & Co. issued an eight-page monthly journal devoted to the interests of music, and its success proved so substantial that successive increases in volume to sixteen, to thirty-two and to forty pages, followed as a necessity. S. Brainard's Sons, as the successors of §. Brainard & Co., conduct the publication now, and as the firm has also branch houses in Chicago and Cincinnati, the J/usical World is issued simultaneously the first of each month in the three cities. Karl Merz is the managing editor and is assisted by a full corps of capable writers.

German Baptist Publications And Publishing Society

In the year 1851 there were only five German Baptist ministers in this country, with churches numbering but four hundred and one members. From that time until 1878, there were nearly ten thousand baptisms, and the number of pastors increased to one hundred and thirty.

At the Triennial Conference of the German Baptists of the United States and Canadas, held at Berlin, Ontario, in 1866, Phillip W. Biekel was elected editor and secretary of the society. For some months previous, there had been published a monthly paper called Der Sendbote des Evangeliwms, but at this 'meeting the name was changed to Der Sendbote, and the publication issued weekly instead of monthly. From that time the society dates its progress. A general desire for a greater extension of the work and usefulness of the society was expressed, and for this more capital was needed. J. T. Burghardt, of the German Baptist Church of Louisville, Kentucky, offered to give to the society a cash donation of $2,000 with the condition that the German churches would make up an equal sum, They did so, making up the whole sum and more. These cash donations were used; in the year 1872, in buying a piece of property on Forest street. A house was erected, type, presses and machinery were bought, and books, tracts and papers were published and distributed throughout the country. In June, 1874, the building was partially destroyed by fire. This loss was more seriously felt

_as there was no insurance on the property. The new building, on the corner of Payne avenue and Dalton street, was completed and occupied by the society in

Der Sendbote

This is the only German Baptist weekly published in this country, and was established in January, 1866. It is an eight-page paper, twenty-six by thirty-eight inches in size, and is strictly denominational. Its circulation is about four thousand copies.

Der Muntere Smann Die Sonntagsfreude

The first number of this monthly was issued January 1,1866. Itis non-denominational, and published for the benefit of the Sunday School and home circle generally. Its circulation is nine thousand five hundred. DIE SONNTAGSFREUDE.

This publication is for the use of Sunday Schools. The first number was issued in January, 1873. It is published monthly, and contains the international series of lessons which have been introduced into nearly all Christian denominations. It is denominational in its tendency. Its cireulation is three thousand eight hundred,

Der Wegweiser

This is a monthly publication for the use of the churches. Its intention is to lead strangers to the church. It was started in January, 1876, and has a circulation of thirty-two hundred copies, distributed gratuitously.

The Trade Review

The weekly newspaper now published under the above title, was established in January, 1868, by Messrs. Geo. H. Adams, Ezra 8. Adams and Kipp Stone under the name of The Ohio Weekly Review. The paper was a success from the start, yielding large returns to the proprietors. After a few months the Messrs. Adams purchased the interest of Mr. Stone, at the rate of ten thousand dollars for the whole, and continued the publication on their own aceount. At a subsequent date the title of the paper was changed to that of Commercial Review, as more expressive of the character of the publication. This in turn gave place to that of Manufacturing and Trade Review, under which title it continued to July, 1879, when it passed into the hands of the Review Publishing Company, who dropped the word ' manufacturing" as the shorter and more convenient title of The Trade Review. The character of the paper remains, however, substantially as heretofore, as an organ of the manufacturing, industrial and commercial interests of the West. It is under the editorial management of Mr. Geo. C> Davies, an early resident of this city, but for many years past of Cincinnati and Dayton.

The Berea Advertiser

The Advertiser was first issued on the 20th day of June, 1868, by the Berea Job Printing Company, and then bore its present name. On the 17th of April, 1869, C. Y. Wheeler became editor and proprietor, and conducted the paper, under the name of Grindstone City Advertiser, until February 17, 1871, when it was purchased by Gardner and Wilcox, who became editors and proprietors. Mr. Wilcox retired on the 22nd of September, 1872, and P. B. Gardner then published the 'paper till March 27%, 1874, when he transferred it to W. H. Pearce. It was conducted by him until September 1, 1877, when it was purchased by the Republican Printing Company; H. EH. Foster and H. F. Kastendieck becoming editors, and HE. D. Peebles businéss-manager. Mr. Foster and Kastendieck both retired from the editorial management within the year; since then the paper has been conducted with marked success by Mr. EH. D. Peebles. In January, 1879, the name was changed to The Berea Advertiser.

The first number of this monthly, under the style of Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers' Monthly Journal, was published in January, 1867, the offices then being located at Rochester, New York. 8. R. Mudge was the first editor. In October, 1868, the executive offices were removed to F't. Wayne, Indiana, and the publication continued at that place, under the editorship of Wilson and Mudge. In 1870, the offices were again changed, and Cleveland made the headquarters of the Grand International Division, where the publication has since been carried on. The Jowrnal ig a forty-eight -_page pamphlet, and devoted to the interests of the locomotive department of railroads. The monthly circulation of the Journal amounts to about ten thousand copies, which are taken throughout all parts of the United States and Canadas. Quite a number of copies also go to Eng- Jand, Scotland, Central India and Central America. The present editors are P. M. Arthur, G. C. E., and T. S. Ingraham, F. G. E.

The Sunday Voice

The first number of the Sunday Morning Voice was issuéd on the 15th of October, 1871. The parties originally engaged in the publication of the paper were W. S. Robison, L. O. Rawson, Thomas Whitehead and E. ©. Hardy. Before the close of the first year, however, W. 8. Robison purchased the interests of the other parties, and became sole proprietor. During the first year or more of its existence, the paper had to combat the strong popular prejudice against Sunday papers, and the enterprise was consequently unprofitable. It made steady progress, however, and before the completion of its second year was on a paying basis, and had become an acknowledged necessity. From that time till now it has maintained a vigorous hold upon the popular regard, and realized a fair degree of prosperity. In June, 1878, Hon. O. J. Hodge having purchased the Sunday Post, that paper was consolidated with the Voice, and the title becameythe Sunday Voice and Post. Subsequently Post was dropped, and the present name adopted - the Cleveland Voice. The proprietors are Messrs. Robison and Hodge, under the style of the Voice Publishing Company, Mr. Hodge being editor-in-chief, and Mr. Robison, business manager. The consolidation of the two competing Sunday papers proved a highly advantageous arrangement, both for the public and the parties in interest. 'The popularity of the Voice was never so wide-spread and firmly rooted as at present, and its advance keeps steady pace with the growth of the community. Mr. EH. C. Hardy is still connected with the paper, occupying the position of associate editor, while Mr. C. C. Ruthrauff, who has been on the paper for the past six years, is its city editor. The office of publication is No. 118, Seneca street.

The Cleveland Anzeiger

The Cleveland Anzeiger was founded August 15, 1871, by Henry Gentz, and issued tri-weekly as an independent German newspaper until August 5, 1872, when it was bought by astock company of prominent Republicans of Cuyahoga county, and issued daily and weekly. Since this time it has been the Republican German organ of Northern Ohio. January 1, 1874 the stock company sold out to Bohm, Kraus & Co.; two years after this Mr. Kraus became exclusive owner of the paper, but sold out on September 1, 187%, to Mr. Kauffmann, one of the editors of the Cincinnati Volksblatt. Since that time the paper has been published_by Mr. Kauffman, who is its editor. Daily circulation, two thousand three hundred; weekly and Sunday, two thousand eight hundred.

Die Biene

Die Biene was established in 1872, the first number being issued January 1st. It was, at that time, Democratic in politics, and under the charge of William Miller as editor. In 1876, a stock company was formed, at which time the political sentiment of the paper was changed, and it has since continued as an independent Sunday morning weekly. Itscirculation is about fifteen hundred.

In addition to their weekly paper, the Biene Publishing Company furnish "insides" for twenty-two different German and English weeklies in Ohio and other States. The editorial department is under the charge of Henry Minnig.

Standard Of The Cross

_ This is a forty-column weekly, devoted to the interests of the Episcopal church, and is published by W. C. French, who has the assistance of his son in editing it. The Standard of the Cross was first issued August 18, 1868, at Oberlin, Ohio, as a continuatio: of the Western Episcopalian, published till that time at Gambier, which was itself a continuation of the Gambier Observer, started by Bishop Chase in 1832. W. C. French was the proprietor of the journal upon its first issue in August, 1868, and in 1872 he removed it to Cleveland, where it has since then retained its location. THE CHRISTIAN HARVESTER.

This paper, whose title bears the explanatory affix of "A Holiness Journal," was first published in December, 1872, by James W. P. Fackler as The Mission Harvester, and was then devoted to '' the work of missions and holiness." In July, 1874, Thomas K. Doty, the present editor and publisher assumed control, and changed the title to the one now borne. Zhe Harvester is a small sheet of twenty-four columns, and till January, 1878, was a monthly publication. Since that time, the issues have been monthly and .semimonthly.

South Cleveland Advocate

In 1873, Harry H. Nelson started a weekly newspaper in that part of Cleveland known as Newburg, calling it All Arownd the Clock. Shortly afterwards he changed the name to The South Cleveland Advocate, and as such continues to publish it. Mr. Nelson is still its editor and publisher. Its politics are Republican and its issue weekly, with thirty-two columns.

The Home Companion

This is a small eight-page literary journal ''for boys and girls" and is issued semi-monthly. It was started in 1873, by. S. L. Thorpe & Brother, who were succeeded in 1874, by 8S. L. Thorpe, the present editor and publisher. The circulation of the Home Companion is confined exclusively to territory beyond Cleveland.

Earnest Worker

In the spring of 1874, the Committee on Ways and Means of the Women's Christian Association, was called upon to provide anew method for raising funds. After a number of plans had been discussed and rejected, it was finally decided to publish a monthly paper, having two objects in view; to be a medium of communication, and a source of revenue.

The first number of the Zarnest Worker appeared in June, 1874, under the editorship of Miss Emma Janes. Miss Janes occupied the editor's chair for six months, and then left Cleveland, after which the work for the remainder of the year was carried on by the Publishing Committee. With the opening of the second yolume in June, 1875, Mrs. Howard M. Ingham was elected to the position of editor, which she has since retained.

The paper has been warmly supported, and has met with general favor. The total profits during the first four years of its existence, were over fifteen hundred dollars.

The Catholic Universe

This journal was established in 1874, the first number being issued July 4th. Rev. T. P. Thorpe was appointed editor of the paper by its founder, Rt. Rey. R. Gilmour, and by degrees secured for it recognition from the press and public, as a staunch defender of catholic principles and catholic rights. The reverend editor, having charge of acongregation while conducting the paper, found it difficult to do justice to both of these positions, and was in 1877, at his own request, relieved from the editorship. He was succeeded by Manly Tello in August, 1877. Under his able management the Universe has not only held its former commanding position, but has continued to increase in strength and influence, so that it now ranks among the very foremost of the catholic papers of the United States. Its circulation, at first confined to.this diocese, now extends to the adjoining States, and it has more or less subscribers in every diocese in the country. It now numbers between seven and eight thousand bona fide subscribers, and its list is increasing weekly.

The Chagrin Falls Exponent

was established January 1, 1874, by J. J. Stranahan and P. Hohler. The paper was started as a sevencolumn folio, but only continued as such a few weeks, when it was enlarged to a six-column quarto, which size it still bears. In 1875 the firm of Stranahan & Hohler was dissolved, Mr. Hohler retiring, and since then Mr. Stranahan has been sole proprietor and editor. Mr. Frank F. Stranahan has filled the position of local editor for four years.

The Hzponent office is now located in Shute's block, and is supplied with a cylinder press and all modern machinery and material. It makesa specialty of dairy news, and claims to furnish more reading-matter of this character than any other paper in the United States, except those which are conducted exclusively as dairy papers. It has a circulation of nearly two thousand copies and its list is rapidly increasing, as a natural result of the enterprise exhibited in its management. It has been from the first, and still is, independent in politics, but vigorous in the treatment of all subjects requiring its attention.

Sunday Morning Times

The Times was established May 7, 1876, by John P. O'Brien, having offices at No. 91 Seneca street. In 1879 the location was changed to Nos. 34 and 36

The Evening Times

This daily evening paper was also founded by John P.. O'Brien, with offices on Long street, Aptil 24, These papers still remain under the charge of Mr. O'Brien as editor and proprietor. In politics they are liberal, with democratic proclivities.

The Advance

In the summer of 1877 the Industrial Publishing Company was organized to start a weekly greenback paper. Richard Harrison was the first president of the company, with J. A. Harrison as secretary, and Robert Schilling as editor and business manager. The paper was called the Labor Advocate, but the name was changed to Labor Advance, as another paper called the Advocate was being published in the city. The paper was issued successfully for about a year, when the compauy transferred its interest to the firm of Schilling and Pate, who made the paper a daily. The name, however, being too long for convenicnce, it was changed by dropping the word ' Labor," and ealling the paper. the Daily Advance. The first number of the daily was issued August 18, 1878. The editorial staff consists at present of Robert Schilling, editor-in-chief; Egbert Hazard, managing editor; W. H. Hudson, local editor; M. Cashberg, telegraph and amusement editor; Wm. Pate, Jr., attends to the business management. The Advance has, however, within a short time again been madea weekly paper. It has @ very large circulation, extending into nearly every State of the Union, and to more than four hundred post-offices in Ohio.

Dennice Novoveku

This is a Bohemian newspaper whose title signifies "« Morning Star of a New Era." It is said to be the only Bohemian paper in the State, and dates its existence from October, 1877, when it was issued by Vaclav Snajdr and Frank Korizek. In March, 1878, Mr. Korizek retired, and since that time Mr. Snajdr has been the sole editor and publisher. The paper is issued every Wednesday, is printed entirely in the Bohemian language, and contains forty-eight columns of matter.

The Cleveland Law Reporter

This journal, a weekly, devoted to the interests of the legal profession, was established in 1878, its first number appearing on the Ist of January. It was originally a four-page paper, but with the thirteenth issue was enlarged to eight pages. It contains decisions of the United States Supreme Court, United States Circuit Court, syllabi of decisions of the Ohio Supreme Court, Courts of last resort in other States, Courts of Common Pleas, and District Courts of Northern Ohio; also a record of all suits commenced, motions and demurrers filed and decided, judgments of Cuyahoga county Common Pleas, all property transfers, mechanic's liens, and assignments. The

The Hardware Reporter

National Iron and Steel Publishing Company, Cleveland, Pittsburg and Chicago. The Leporter was started in Pittsburg in 1869, and in October, 1878, its management, directed now as heretofore by Messrs. F. Protzman and J. H. Hillerman, was transferred to Cleveland. Besides a weekly issue, the paper has also a monthly number called the Lxport Edition, devoted mainly to the export trade.

The One Cent Weekly

The One Cent Weekly is an exclusively literary journal. It was founded by Hartley & Hynes, the present proprietors, in 1879, and the first number was issued June 21st of that year. The original name was Jie Penny Weekly, but a change to the present title was almost immediately effected. It is published every Saturday, contains forty columns of reading matter, claims a circulation of ten thousand, and is probably the only paper in the country that furnishes the same amount of material for the price of one cent.

The Penny Press

This smart evening journal, although but an infant, has already pushed its way prominently forward into wide circulation. E. W. Scripps and J. S. Sweeny its present proprietors, were formerly attaches of the Detroit Hvening News. They started the Cleveland Penny Press November 2, 1878, as a twenty column paper, eighteen by twenty-four, and have apparently made the enterprise a paying one. It is now a twentyfour column journal, eighteen by twenty-eight, is a strictly evening issue with four daily editions, is. independent in politics, and claims an average city circulation of six thousand five hundred and a country circulation of six thousand. E. W. Scripps is the editor and J. I'. Sweeny the business manager.

The Sentinel

This is a weekly four-page journal, published on the West Side by Welfare & Saumenig, and circulated chiefly in the western and southern portions of the city. Its first number was issued May 24, 1879, by the present publishers whose efforts have thus far met with a fair measure of success. Zhe Sentinel is independent in polities, and aims to make local news a feature.