Cuyahoga County, Ohio - Chapter 60: Board of Trade, Banks, Etc, 1870

Chapter 60: Board of Trade, Banks, Etc

Board of Trade - Clearing House Association - National City Bank - Merchants' National Bank - Commercial National Bank - Society for Savings - First National Bank - Second National Bank - Ohio National Bank - Citizens' Saving and Loan Association - People's Saving and Loan Association - South Cleveland Banking Company.

THE necessity for an organization of this nature was felt and discussed as early as the year 1847. A general impression has existed that an organization was effected that year; this, however, is a mistake, as the board was not formed until July, 1848. All the records of the board from the time of its organization to 1864 have been lost or destroyed, and it was only by consulting the files of city papers and taxing the recollection of persons connected with the early days of the board, that the facts regarding the organizution have been obtained. From the //erald, July 8, 1848, the following extract is taken: ''At a large meeting of the merchants of this city held, pursuant to a notice, at the Weddell [House on Friday evening, the %th inst., William Milford, Esq., was called to the chair, and 8. S. Coe appointed secretary. After a statement from the chair of the object of the mecting, on motion of Joseph L. Weatherly: Lesolved, That the merchants of this city now organize themselves into an association to be called the Board of .

The original members, as nearly as can be ascertained, were as follows, viz: Joseph Weatherly, W. F. Allen, Jr., Chas. W. Coe, R. 'T. Lyon, John B.

At a meeting of the board on the 13th of January, 1863, articles of association were adopted and the beard became a body corporate under the covenants as follows: ''We the undersigned, citizens of the State of Ohio, and residents of the city of Cleveland, do hereby associate ourselves together as a board of trade under the name and title of the 'Board of Trade of the City of Cleveland,' to be located and situated in the city of Cleveland, county of Cuyahoga, and State of Ohio, where its business is to be transacted."

The objects of the association are to promote integrity and good faith, just and equitable principles of business; to discover and correct abuses; to establish and maintain uniformity in commercial usages; to acquire, preserve and disseminate valuable business statistics and information; to prevent or adjust controversies and misunderstandings which may arise between persons engaged in trade; and generally to foster, protect and advance the commercial, mercautile and manufacturing interests of the city.

The first members under the new organization were twenty in number. The- present membership is about two hundred and twenty-five. Daily meetings are held at the rooms of the Board in the Atwater building on Superior street. The annual meeting for the election of officers takes place during the month of April.

The present officers of the board are as follows: Daniel Martin, president; John Tod, William Kdwards, George H. Ely; Thomas Kilpatrick, F. A. Sterling and 8. Mann, vice presidents; Theodore Simmons, secretary and treasurer; O. G. Kent, 8S. M. Strong and James McCrea, committee on arbitration; James Barnett, George Short, Truman Dunham, R. P. Myers and W. I. Doan, committee on appeals; R.

Cleveland Clearing House Association

The constitution of the Cleveland Clearing House Association was adopted and the society organized on the 28th of December, 1858. Its purposes are thus stated in the constitution. '' The object of this association shall be to effect at one place, and in the most economical ahd safe manner, the daily exchange between the several associated banks and bankers; the maintainance of uniform rates for eastern exchange, and the regulations of what description of funds shall be paid and reccived in the settlement of balances."

The association at the time of its formation, consisted of the following banks and bankers: Commercial Branch Bank, Merchants' Branch Bank, Bank of Commerce, City Rank, Forest City Bank, Wason, Everett & Co., H. B. & H. Wick & Co., Whitman, Standart & Co., Fayette Brown.

was elected president, and W. L. Cutter, assistant cashier of Merchants' Bank, secretary of the association. T. P. Handy, Lemuel Wick, .and Fayette Brown, comprised the executive committee. j

The settlement of balances may, under the decision of the association, be paid in current funds or New York drafts, at the option of the debtor bank.

The following banks and bankers comprise the present membership: The First, Second, Commercial, Merchants, and Ohio National Banks, H. Wick & Co., E. B. Hale & Co., Everett, Weddell & Co. and Chamberlain, Gorham & Perkins.

National City Bank

This bank sprang from the City Bank of Cleveland, which again had its origin in the Fireman's Insurance Company, a corporation organized under the laws of the State, having power to transact a general banking business without issue of notes. The City Bank of Cleveland was incorporated May 17, 1845, with authority to carry on business for twenty years. 'The eapital stock was fixed at $150,000. Elisha Taylor, Reuben Sheldon, Stephen Whittaker, C. L. Camp, Moses Kelley, William Milford, Charles Patrick and W. 'T. Smith composed the board of directors; Reuben Sheldon, being elected president and T. C. Severance, cashier. In August, 1846, Mr. Sheldon resigned the presidency and was succeeded by George Mygatt, who retained the office until October 4, 1850. At that time Lemuel Wick was chosen to fill the president's chair, which he occupied until the charter expired. The bank closed its business in accordance with the charter on the 12th of February, 1865.

The National City Bank of Cleveland, a virtual reorganization of the 'City Bank," was incorporated and organized February 13, 1865, with a capital stock of $200,000. Its officers were as follows: Lemuel Wick, president; John F. Whitelaw, cashier; Lemuel Wick, John F. Whitelaw, Moses Kelley, S. Ranney and S. Newmark, directors. Mr. Wick remained president until January 28, 1873, at which time he was succeeded by W. P. Southworth.

The place of business, No. 115 Superior street, has been occupied by the Fireman's Insurance Company, the City Bank, and the National City Bank successively, since 1844.

The present officers are W. P. Southworth, president; John F. Whitelaw, cashier; W. P. Southworth, P. H. Babcock, 8. Newmark, C. 8. Bissell and John F. Whitelaw, directors.

Merchants National Bank

«<The Merchants Bank of Cleveland," a branch of the State Bank of Ohio and commonly called the Merchants Branch Bank, was organized June 25, 1845, with a capital stock of $100,000, im shares of $100 each. P. M. Weddell, Prentis Dow, Harvey Rice, H. P. Weddell and 8. J. Andrews composed the first board of directors. P. M. Weddell was appointed president and Prentis Dow, cashier. In June, 1846, Mr. Weddell resigned. Sherlock J. Andrews was elected his successor, and served until May, 1848, when Thomas M. Kelley was elected in his place.

The Merchants Bank closed its business at the expiration of its charter in February, 1865. The last officers were T. P. Handy, president; and W. L. Cutter, cashier.

"The Merchants National Bank of Cleveland," the successor of the Merchants Branch Bank, was formed December 27, 1864, but did not commence business until February 7, 1865, after the operations of the Branch Bank had ceased. The first board of directors was composed of Thomas M. Kelley, T. P. Handy, Melancthon Barnett, William Collins, James F. Clark, Samuel L. Mather and William Bingham. 'T. P. Handy was chosen president, and W. L. Cutter, cashier.

The capital stock declared by the certificate of association was $500,000, in five thousand shares, of $100 each. This stock was afterward changed as follows: July, 1867, it was increased to $600,000, and in November, 1872, to $1,200,000, with .the privilege of a further increase to $2,000,000. In October, 1878, it was reduced to $800,000, upon which amount the bank has since operated.

In 1865 this bank was made the United States depository for the receipt of public moneys, and has remained so ever since. The building occupied by the bank on the corner of Superior and Bank streets, was purchased, in 1865, from the old company at a cost of about $35,000.

T. P. Handy has been president since the incorporation of the bank. The present officials are T. P. Handy, president; E. R. Perkins, cashier; P. C. Johnson, assistant cashier; T. P. Handy, Melancthon

Commercial National Bank

The old Commercial Bank was organized in September, 1845, as a branch of the State Bank of Ohio, with a capital stock of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. This.stock was divided into fifteen hundred shares of one hundred dollars each, and taken as follows: William Neil, two hundred; John M. Woolsey, two hundred; William A. Otis, three hundred; N. C. Winslow, fifty; J. Gillett, fifty; Charles Hickox, fifty; Henry Church, fifty; T. P. Handy, six hundred. William A. Otis, John M. Woolsey, Jonathan Gillett, N. C. Winslow and 'T. P. Ifandy composed the board of directors. William A. Otis was chosen president and T. P. Handy cashier. The capital stock was increased as follows: October 26, 1847, $12,500; May 30, 1848, $6,200; August 29, 1848, $6,300, making a total of $175,000, at which it remained until the bank closed its affairs. The corporation commenced business November 25, 1845, in a building on. Superior street, now occupied by Chamberlain, Gorham and Perkins: November, 1858, William A. Otis resigned the position of president, and T. P. Handy was chosen in his place. Dan P. Eells was elected cashier in place of Mr. Handy. In January, 1862, William A. Otis was again made president, and retained that position until the close of the bank.

In January, 1865, the charter having expired, the liabilities were paid, the assets were divided, and the business of the bank was brought to an end.

On the 1st of March, 1865, its successor, the Commercial National Bank of Cleveland, was organized, with a capital stock of six hundred thousand dollars inshares of one hundred dollars each. The incorporators were William A. Otis, Amasa Stone, Jr., Levi Benedict, William J. Boardman, Dudley Baldwin and Dan P. Eells. These also comprised the board of directors. William A. Otis was elected president, and Dan P. Eells cashier. The business of the bank was transacted in the old Atwater block at the foot of Superior street, until the completion of the new building in 1869, on the corner of Superior and Bank streets. The building was erected by the Commercial and Second National Bank societies jointly, at a cost of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, exclusive of two vaults, which cost fifteen thousand dollars each. On the 30th of January, 1869, the capital stock was increased *200,000; on the 6th of May, 1872, $200,000, and on the 6th of May, 1873, $250,- 000, making a total capital stock of $1,250,000. Mr. Otis continued president until his death, May 11, 1868. Augustus S. Gorham cashier. The accumulated surplus since 1869 amounts to one hundred and sixtyfive thousand dollars. The affairs of the bank are in an exceedingly prosperous condition, semi-annual

The present officers are Dan P. Eells, president; Amasa Stone, vice president; Joseph Colwell, cashier; David Z. Morton, assistant cashier; Dan P. Eells, Amasa Stone, William J. Boardman, Charles A. Otis, Fayette Brown and E. I. Baldwin, directors.

Society For Savings

The Society for Savings owes its origin to the benevolence of some of the citizens of Cleveland who were associated in business in the fall and winter of 1848-9. The suggestion first came from Charles J. Woolson, seconded by W. A. Otis and other prominent citizens. S. H. Mather was requested to take the necessary steps to procure a charter. The act of incorporation was passed by the legislature in March, 1849. and the society organized in June following. The original corporators were W. A. Otis, H. W. Clark, L. Handerson, J. Lyman, M. L. Hewitt, N. Brainard, Ralph Cowles, J. H. Gorham, A. Seymour, D. A. Shepard, James Gardner, J. A. Harris, J. H. Bingham, J. A. Briggs, 8S. H. Mather, J. A. Foot and O. J. Woolson. The original charter was limited to thirty years; by subsequent legislation it has been extended indefinitely.

The presidents of the society have been as follows: John W. Allen, F. W. Bingham, W. A. Otis, S. J. Andrews, W. A. Otisand 8. Williamson, the present incumbent. §. H. Mather was first elected secretary, and J. F. Taintor treasurer. At the end of about two years Mr. Taintor withdrew. Mr. S. H. Mather was then elected treasurer, and has held the office to the present time. The society commenced business August, 1849, in the office No. 4, Bank street, (now the In the fall of 1856 the society removed to Bank street, and in November, 1867, to its new building on the Park. At the commencement, the business of the society wassmall. Its operations were not very well understood, nor was it justly appreciated. At the end of three years the deposits were less than $100,000, and at the end of ten years had only amounted to a little over $300,000. At that time the society may be considered as having fully established its reputation for safety and honorable dealing, and the deposits began to increase rapidly, so that they now amount to nearly $8,000,000.

The City Of Cleveland First National Bank

This bank was incorporated during the early part of 1863 under the name of "The First National Bank of Cleveland," succeeding the banking house of S. W. Crittenden & Co. The first meeting of stockholders was held June 23, 1863, at which time the following board of directors was chosen: Philo Scovill, George Worthington, James Pannell, Benj. I[arrington, 8. W. Crittenden, A. J. Spencer. Geo. Worthington was elected president, William Hewitt, vice president, and 8. W. Crittenden, cashier. The capital stock was fixed at $125,000, in shares of $100 each. Operations were commenced in July, 1863, at No. 117 Superior street.

After three months of business, the capital stock was increased to $200,000, and in July, 1864, was further inereased to $300,000, at which amount it has since remained.

Mr. Worthington continued as president until his death in November, 1871. Mr. Hewitt, then vice president, acted as president until January, 1872, when he was regularly chosen to the office, which he held until the time of his death, in August, 1872. Vice president Philo Scovill succeeded to the pos. tien and held it until he died, in July, 1875. Gen. James Barnett performed the duties of chief executive until the annual meeting in January, 1876. He was then regularly elected president and has remained so until the present time.

The building now occupied, No. 127 Superior street, was leased in September, 1877, and in August, 1878, was purchased by the directors at a cost of $54,000.

The present officers are as follows: James Barnett, James Pannell, Edward Bingham, W.-W. Gaines, S. CU. Smith, I. E. Mussey, B. Butts, C. C. Baldwin, A. J. Spencer, directors; James Barnett, president; James Pannell, vice president; A. K. Spencer, cashier; P. M. Spencer, assistant cashier.

Second National Bank

"The Second National Bank of Cleveland" was organized May, 1863, being number thirteen of the United States National banks. The original capital stock was &600,000, but on the 10th of November, 1869, it was inereased by the action of the board of directors to $1,000,000. Soon after, $400,000 of this was cancelled and the stock reduced to $600,000, as originally provided. In January, 1870, an increase was made to $800,000, and in January, 1872, a further increase to $1,000,000.

The first board of directors was composed of the following persons: Amasa Stone, Jr., J. H. Wade, Stillman Witt, Joseph Perkins, George B. Ely and If. B. Hurlbut. Joseph Perkins was elected president; IL. B. Hurlbut, cashier; and J. C. Buell, assistant cashier. Mr. Perkins held the position of president until January, 1873, at which time Amasa Stone, Jr., was elected, who served one year. In January, 1874, Hiram Garrettson was chosen president, holding the office until his death, in May, 1876. Joseph Perkins was again elected, and held the position until May 24, 1877, when he resigned. S. T. Everett became president on the resignation of Mr. Perkins, and still occupies that position. The association occupies a portion of the building situated on the northeast corner of Superior and Water streets, erected in common by the directors of the Commercial and Second National banks.

The present officials are Henry Chisholm, 8. T. Everett, H. B. Payne, Joseph Perkins, J. P. Robison and J. H. Wade, directors; 8. 'T'. Everett, president; Joseph Perkins, vice president; H. C. Deming, cashler.

Ohio National Bank

_ The Ohio National Bank was incorporated on the 1st day of January, 1876, with a capital stock of $600,000, divided into six thousand shares of $100 each. Robert Hanna, Jolin McClymonds, Leverett Olcott, O. A. Brooks, Ahira Cobb, James Farmer, John D. Rockefeller, E. P. Morgan and D. A. Shepherd comprised the board of directors. Robert Hanna was elected president. The association commenced business in the old Atwater building on

1877, when a lease was effected of its present building, No. 119 Superior street. At a meeting of the stockholders and directors held April 80, 1877, the capital stock was reduced to $400,000.

Mr. Hanna was re-elected president at each annual meeting until the year 1877, when he retired. John McClymonds was chosen as his successor, and still occupies that position, performing the duties of cashier in connection with those of president. Herman S. Kauffman was appointed assistant cashier January 13, 1877. The present officials are as follows: A. Cobb, James Farmer, E. P. Morgan, D. A. Shepherd, T. W. Leek, O. A. Brooks, John McClymonds, William §. Jones and A. Bradley, directors; John McClymonds, president and cashier; Herman 8. Kaufman, assistant cashier.

Role Or Miscellaneuus Departments And Institutions

The capital stock of the association was fixed at $1,000,000, divided into two thousand shares of $500 each. Business was begun on Bank street, but in a few months the headquarters of the association were moved to the Atwater building. In June, 1877, the location was again changed to 123 Superior street. The deposit balance of the association at the present time amounts to over three and one-half million dollars. 'The present officers are J. H. Wade, president; W.S. Jonesand H. W. Luetkemeyer, vice presidents; C. W. Lepper, secretary and treasurer.

This association was organized March 2, 1869. The incorporators were Daniel P. Rhodes, Klias Sims, John I. Sargeant, George W. Jones, Josiah Barber. Daniel P. Rhodes was elected president; John H. Sargeant, first vice president; John Bousfield, second vice president; A. L. Withington, secretary and treasurer. 'lhe capital stock of the association was fixed at $250,000.

South Cleveland Banking Co

This is a banking corporation, organized under the State banking law, in June, 1879, and does business in that portion of Cleveland known as Newburg. - Its average deposit account is $250,000, and of loans and discounts $150,000. The officers are Joseph Turney, president; James Walker, vice president; Wm. H. Lamprecht, secretary and treasurer; Joseph Turney, James Walker, E. T. Hamilton, C. P. Jewett and Wm. H. Lamprecht, trustees.

Miscellaneous Departments And The Fire Department

THE first fire company in the village of Cleveland, Live Oak, No. 1, of which Captain McCurdy was foreman, began to run to fires in 1833, but never had a regular organization.

The first regularly organized yolunteer fire company was Eagle, No. 1, an outgrowth vf Live Oak, formed in 1834; Captain McCurdy being also its foreman. A department was then organized and directly afterwards Neptune, No. 2, Phwnix, No. 4, Forest City Hook and Ladder company, No. 1, and Hope Hose company, No. 1, were organized, There was a " No. 3" but it was composed of boys and was not recognized by the department. Cataract, No. 5, was organized in April, 1836.

In 1848 Chief Engineer Sanford had serious trouble with the companies, and disbanded all except Phwnix, No. 4 Mr. Sanford soon after retired, and the department was at once re-organized, comprising Eagle, No. 1; Forest City, No. 2; Saratoga, No. 3; Phoenix, No. 4; Cataract, No. 5; Red Jacket, No. 6; and Forest City Hook and Ladder, No. 1. Neptune, No. 7, was organized in 1853; and Hope, No. 8, (of which the present Mayor Herrick was foreman) in 1852. No. 7 began to organize before No. 8, but the latter completed its formation first.

Upon the annexation of Ohio City, Washington, No. 1, and Torrent, No. 2, of that place, became respectively Nos. 9 and 10 of the Cleveland department.

Alert Hose company, No. 1, was organized in 1857 and Protection Hose, No. 2, in 1858. In 1863 the pay department was organized, and in the following year the volunteer firemen were disbanded. All the engines of the volunteer department were operated by hand, yet the work was enthusiastically done, and much good service was performed. Its successive chiefs were John R. St. John, J. L. Wetherly, A. 8. Sanford, Milton Spangler, 8. 8. Lyon, James Bennett, Jabez W. Fitch, William Cowen, James Hill and Ed. Hart.

As just mentioned, in 1863 the city council set on foot measures for the re-organization of the department as a paid force, and formed from its own mem- bers a fire and water committee, composed of J. D. Palmer, J. J. Benton and William Meyer, and charged with the work of reconstruction. The first steamer was purchased in the summer of 1863, when the first company of the paid department was formed, with William Kidd as captain. This steamer was named the 'I. U. Masters," in honor of the then mayor.

During the same year two additional steamers were obtained, and two additional paid companies were formed, the captains being, respectively, J. J. Benton and Barney McGraw.

The volunteer hand engine companies continued to serve until February, when they were disbanded, and the paid department was left to its unaided efforts. In July, 1864, a fourth steamer was added, with Kdwin Lewis as captain, and in May, 1865, No. 5, under Captain James Hovey, still further strengthened the department. In June, 1865, the office of company captain was abolished; the chief, who had until then acted alone in his office, being furnished with two assistants.

The first chief of the paid department was James Craw, who, under his election by the people as chief of the volunteer fire department, held over until April, 1864. is successor was James Hill, whose assistants were John A. Bennett and J. P. McMann. The present chief is John A. Bennett, (appointed in 1874) his assistants being James Dickinson, H. H. Rebbeck and Joseph Speddy.

The fire and water committee of the council directed the affairs of the department until April 29, 1873 when the board of fire commissioners was created by act of the legislature, under whose control the department still remains. The commissioners for 1879 are William II. Radcliffe. George Gloyd, H. L. Melton, Joseph Slaght and William H. Lutton. The force includes one hundred and forty-four officer and men. There are thirteen engine houses, fourteen steamers, seventy-four horses, four hook and ladder companies, and twenty hose carriages; the latter carrying constantly upon their reels sixteen thousand nine hundred fect of hose; one Atrial ladder and three supply wagons. Of the fourteen steamers, three are of the first, seven of the second and four of the third class. The aggregate value of houses, horses, steamers, apparatus, etc. used by the department was three hundred and eighty-three thousand one hundred and sixty-three dollars on the lst of January, 1879, according to the commissioners' report, and according to the same report the running expenses of the department were about one hundred and forty thousand dollars in 1878.

The fire alarm telegraph, organized in 1864, is now in charge of H. H. Rebbeck, and has two hundred and thirty miles of wire, with one hundred and sixty-five alarm boxes. The number of actual fires in 1878 was two hundred and forty-seven, the estimated loss being $208,000. Since 1864 the fires have numbered two thousand seven hundred and fortyfive, while the estimated losses were $3,896,054.

Police Department

From 1836 to 1866, the police was under the direction of a marshal, chosen by the people; the last one being Jacob W. Schmitt. The board of metropolitan police was organized in May, 1866; H. M. Chapin being the first president, and Wm. P. Fogg, James Barnett, Philo Chamberlain and Nelson Purdy, the commissioners. The members of the force in 1866 numbered fifty, and the expenditures for that year were $51,710.

eighty-six men, and the expenses were $70,853. Still another reorganization was effected in 1872, by the formation of a 'board of police commissioners," elected by the people. The first commissioners under this system were John M. Sterling, Jr., J. E. Robinson, Geo. Saal and J. C. Schenck. The superintendent was Jacob W. Schmitt who has retained the position until the present time. The commissioners for 1879 are J. M. Sterling, Jr., Louis Hausheer, J. R. Sprankle and G. W. Short. The force now numbers one hundred and forty-two members, and $129,242 was expended in maintaining it during the year 1878.

Workhouse And House Of Correction

Hight acres of ground at the corner of Woodland und East Madison avenues, are occupied by the city for a workhouse, house of refuge and house of correetion. The buildings devoted to these uses are extensive, and present on Woodland avenue a handsome and imposing front. These are all of brick, and cost, with the land upon which they stand, upwards of $240,000.

Cleveland's first workhouse was a small institution, an adjunct of the city infirmary. The present one was built in 1870 and oceupind in 1871. In 1875, a prison for women was added; in 1878, store houses were built, and in 1879 a house of refuge for girls was erected. The number of prisoners received into the institution from the time it was opened until August 6, 1879, aggregated eight thousand and sixty; the inmates remaining at the latter date numbered two hundred and fifty-eight.

Under an excellent system of management the Workhouse has become substantially self-supporting, while as a reformatory it has long since established its claim to avery high position. The manufacture of brushes is the sole industry pursued there, and at this occupation each inmate is forced to labor. The product is very readily sold; the institution, pushed toits utmost, being unable to keep pace with the demand for its wares. As an evidence of the profitable nature of the business of brush-making at the Workhouse, it may be noted that between J anuary 1, and August 1, 1879, the receipts for wares exceeded by $9,000 the aggregate running expenses. This is

Miscellaneous Departments And Institutions

In fact the Cleveland Workhouse and House of Correction is a model in almost every respect. This may undoubtedly be attributed to the fact that since its foundation, in 1870, its control has been in the hands of the same board of directors, and the further fact that political considerations, of whatever nature, have had no influence in its management. The directors who were appointed in 1870, and who still serve, are Iarvey Rice, J. HW. Wade, Geo. II. Burt, 8. C. Brooks and Wm. Edwards. The superintendent is W. D. Patterson, who has occupied the position since May, 1872.

The City Infirmary, Etc

The city infirmary, city hospital and asylum for the insane are located, all under the same management, on the "infirmary farm," lying on Scranton ayenue, just inside the city limits. The farm, containing eighty acres (all of which are under cultivation), is worked mainly by the inmates of the infimary, and produced in 1878 crops valued at four thousand, six hundred and eighty-nine dollars, all of which were consumed in the three institutions.

The buildings are substantial brick structures, and represent, with the farm, an investment of $164,000. Three hundred and twenty-six persons were admitted in 1878, during which year the cost of maintaining the infirmary was $16,514.37. 'The inmates, on the first of July, 1879, numbered two hundred and fifty-two, of which one hundred and thirty-nine were males. The directors of the infirmary are George Keiffer, John Call and Wm. Cubbin, and the superintendent, James Christian.

The Viaduct

This great -structure, which spans not only the channel but the valley of the Cuyahoga, bringing the east and the west sides of the city into easy connec- {ion with each other, is now considered one of the expected to traverse its long and lofty course, and to admire the solidity of its construction, and the stateliness of its proportions. It is indeed well worthy of admiration.

Work was begun upon the structure in question in the fall of 1874, and it was opened for traffic on the 29th of December, 1878. The cost, including the right of way, was $2,170,000, to pay which the city issued bonds for $1,000,000, payable in twenty years, and for $1,170,000, payable in 'thirty years. The length of the viaduet, from the corner of Water and Superior streets to the intersection of Pearl and Detroit streets is three thousand two hundred and eleven feet, or bridge. the width is sixty-four feet; the roadway being forty-two and the sidewalks each eleven feet wide. The length of the drawbridge is three hundred and thirty-two feet, and the width forty-six feet. The

There are ten stone arches on the west side of the river, of which eight are of eighty-three feet span each, while two have a span of ninety-seven and a half feet each. The length of roadway supported by stone arches is one thousand three hundred and eighty-two feet, and the average hight of the arches above the surface of the ground is fifty-four feet; above the pile foundations, seventy-six feet. The total number of piles driven to form the foundations of the arches and river piers is seven thousand two hundred and seventynine, which, if laid lengthwise, would extend over fifty-two miles.

There are no less than eighty thousand perches of solid masonry in the structure, while fifteen thousand five hundred cubic yards of gravel were employed as filling. Theapproximate weight resting on the pile foundations of the ten arches is one hundred and forty thousand tons, while that resting on the foundations for iron work is estimated at twelve thousand five hundred tons. The weight of the drawbridge, resting upon its turn-table, is five hundred and twenty tons. That portion of the structure built of iron, including the drawbridge, is nine hundred and thirty-two feet in length, and fourteen hundred and forty tons of iron were used in its construction.

These brief statistics give but a faint idea of the massive work which unites the two portions of Cleveland, from which, on the one hand, are seen the far-spreading waters of Lake Erie, on the other the smoking chimneys of the manufacturing district on ''the flats," while beneath it roll the turbid waters of the winding Cuyahoga, and over it each moment are passing vehicles of every description, from the groaning freightwagon to the lightest pheton. It must be seen to be appreciated.

The Breakwater

The construction of the original harbor, the building of which occupied from 1827 to 1840, has been mentioned in the gencral sketch of the city. Considerable sums were expended on it from time to time, in repairs and improvements, but no movement was made looking toward the construction of a '' harbor of refuge" at this point until 1870. In that year the city council adopted resolutions in favor of the construction of such a work by the general government, and, together with many citizens, petitioned Congress on the subject. Hon. W. Il. Upson, while a member of the house of representatives, procured an appropriation of $3,000 for a survey. The engineers reported the cost of the proposed new ''harbor of refuge " at four million dollars, an amount so large that the committee on. commeree peremptorily refused to recommend its appropriation.

In January, 1872, Hon. R. C. Parsons, then the representative in congress from the Cleveland district, introduced another memorial and spoke in its favor, showing not only the great necessity for such a work, the enormous sum previously estimated. He persuaded that body to authorize a new survey, which was made in the summer of 1874 under the direction of Colonel Blunt, of the United States Engineers. After its completion Colonel Blunt reported two new plans; one providing for an anchorage of thirty acres to cost $500,000, and one involving an expenditure of $1,200,000 in constructing a harbor of ninety-two acres.

In the spring of 1875 congress appropriated $50,000 to begin the work, and referred the subject of its size and form to a board of engineers. These met in Cleveland in April and June, 1875, and reported in favor of the construction of a harbor of two hundred acres, ab an estimated cost of $1,800,000. This was adopted, though it is now believed that at present prices the work can be completed for less money. It was begun in the fall of 1875, and about fifteen hundred fect have been completed. secured an appropriation of $50,000 to carry on the work and Hon. Amos Townsend one of $100,000 for the sume purpose. Large as will be the necessary expenditure, it is believed by those acquainted with the subject that it will be greatly outweighed by the benefits to be derived from it to the immense number of lake vessels, the burthen of which amounts to a million tons and the value of the freight carried by which is estimated at $1,200,000,000 annually.

East Cleveland Railroad Company

This company was organized in 1859, under the presidency of Henry S. Stevens, and in that year the road was opened for business from Bank street to Willson avenue. In 1863 the extension to Lake View Cemetery was completed, and in 1868 the line on Garden and Ohio strects was set in operation. The company has now a capital of $300,000, and operates fourteen miles of single track. A. Everett is the

Kinsman Street Railway Company

'The road of this company, extending from Bank street to the Cleveland & Pittsburgh railroad crossing on Kinsman street (now Woodland avenue), was built in 1859 by Ilenry 8. Stevens and E. E. Williams, who directly thereafter sold it to the Kinsman Street Railway Co., incorporated in 1859, with a capital of $30,000, which was afterwards increased at various times, and, in 1879, was $500,000. 'The road is three miles and three quarters in length, of which upwards of two and a half miles are covered with a double track. For the past two years the road has been in the hands of a receiver, F. J. Locke. The name of Kinsman street has been changed since 1859 to Woodland avenue, but the road retains its old name:

The West Side Railway Company

1864 the company opened the route over Detroit street to the terminus of Bridge street and the Pearl street line. In 1879 an additional line over Pearl and Fulton streets to Lorain street was opened. In addition to these lines, it operates under lease a road from Lorain street to Brooklyn, laid out by the Brooklyn street railway company. The West Side company operates about nine miles of track, and its managers contemplate an extension of the Fulton street line to Gordon avenue. The president is Elias Sims.

was organized July 30, 1867, as the Superior and St. Clair Street Railway Co., and in 1867 opened a double track road from Water street to Willson avenue, a distance of three miles. G. B. Bowers was the president of the company in 1879, and acted also as superintendent; W. A. Dutton being secretary and treasurer. At Willson avenue this road connects with the St. Clair Street and Collamer Railroad.

Rocky River Railroad Company

This company was organized in 1868 with a capital of $80,000, and built a steam railway line from Bridge street (West Side) to Rocky river in Rockport, a distance of about six miles. The president is Elias Sims.

Broadway And Newburg Railway

When this company was incorporated in 1873, H. A. Massey was the president and A. E. Jewett, the superintendent. On Christmas day, 1873, the road was opened from the city to the company's office on Broadway, and in September, 1875, the extension to Newburg was completed. A double track covers the entire route, which is five and three-quarter miles in length. 'The company has a capital of $200,000, and owns nineteen cars with eighty-six horses. Joseph Stanley, who is the president, also acts as the superintendent. The trustees are Joseph Stanley, Samuel Andrews, Charles Hathaway, J. W. Sykora, E. Grasselli, E, Fowler and William Meyer.

The South Side Railway Company

The South Side Company was organized in 1874. Their line extends from Superior and Seneca streets to the corner of Jennings avenue and Professor street, and then branches out over both those thoroughfares about three-quarters of a mile. The president is Alfred Kellogg; the superintendent, A. M. Emerson.

Woodland Hills Avenue Railroad

This is a short line of single track reaching from the intersection of Willson and Woodland avenues, out Woodland Hills avenue one mile and a half. The road was built in 1874 by John Rock, who is the present owner.

The Superior Street Railway Company

square to Giddings avenue, a distance of two and a half miles, over the whole of which a double track was laid. 'The first president of the company was J. H. Hardie. The president in 1879 was Charles Hathaway; the treasurer, J. W. Carson; the superintendent, A. Bartlett. This road connects at Giddings avenue with a steam line to Euclid, built by the Lake View, Collamer and Euclid railway company in 1876.

Eighteenth Ward Cemetery

This, the oldest of existing city cemeteries, was laid out as early as 1804 and doubtless before, since headstones bearing that date are yet to be seen there. It covers an area of about eight acres, and is abundantly supplied with memorials to some of those who settled in Newburg township when Cleveland was 'a small town six miles from Newburg." The interments in this cemetery in 1878 numbered seventy.

Monroe Street Cemetery

This cemetery is located on the West Side, covers an area of thirty-two and a half acres, handsomely laid out, and contains many fine tombs and monuments, of which latter the most costly is that of H. IL. Whitman at the entrance to the grounds. There is in the cemetery a headstone bearing date September 15, 1820, and recording the death of Adam C. Taylor, but this stone, with others of about the same date, was probably transferred from some other burial place since the best obtainable evidence - the 'early records being lost - declares that Monroe Street Cemetery was not laid out until some years after 1820.

The interments in 1878, numbered three hundred and twenty-seven, and at this time the cemetery tract is so fully occupied that the acquisition of more grounds seems imperative. The cemetery has a fine, stone, arched entranee which cost $4,300; an office built at an expense of $4,200; and a receiving vault that cost $3,300.

Erie Street Cemetery

The Erie Street, or as it was originally called the City, Cemetery is located on Erie street from which it derives its name. It was originally laid out in 1826, and was the suecessor of the old cemetery on the present corner of Ontario and Prospect streets, which was laid out and occupied in 1798, as related in the general sketch of the city. It was ouly two acres in extent, but by subsequent enlargements has been made to include ten acres of land. The first burial was in September, 1827; Minerva M., danghter of Moses and Mary White, being the person then interred. Prior to the year 1840, no regular register of the sale of lots, or of burials, was kept, but at that time the whole tract was re-platted and thenceforth a complete record of the interments was preserved. The greatest number of burials during any single year was seven hundred and seven; this was in 1849.

mains lying there about three hundred were removed to the present location. The aggregate number of interments in this cemetery is, as near as can be ascertained, about fourteen thousand; the total number of lots, eight hundred and forty-nine. It is owned and maintained by the city.

North Brooklyn Cemetery

The land of the Brooklyn Cemetery Association is situated on Scranton avenue, between Wade and Seymour avenues, and was called ''North Brooklyn" to describe its location in the township of Brooklyn, before that portion of the township was included within the city limits.

The association was incorporated in May, 1849, with the following officers: Martin Kellogg, Diodate Clark, Robert C. Selden, John W. Soper, Francis Branch, Benjamin Beavis and Edward C. Van Hosen, trustees; Benjamin Beavis, clerk; Francis Branch, treasurer. The first interment in the cemetery was that of John Connock, a native of England, aged fifty-two, buried July 22, 1848.

St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Cemetery, on Woodland avenue, was purchased by Bishop Rappe from N. CG. Baldwin, June 22, 1849. It comprises about sixteen acres, of which but two were at first used for burial purposes. This was known as the 'old allotment." When filled, or nearly so, Bishop Rappe bought asecond tract afew blocks west of St. Joseph's cemetery, which is now known as St. John's cemetery. It was bought May 4, 1855, from N. C. Baldwin, and comprises nine and one-half acres.

During the summer of 1878 Bishop Gilmour had the north and west parts of St. Joseph cemetery graded and laid out in lots. This part is known as the '"'new allotment," and is laid out and platted on the lawn system. It is the intention of the management to follow as closely as possible the plan of Lake View cemetery, in the marking of graves and beautifying the grounds of the new allotment.

St. Joseph's cemetery was the first place of interment in Cuyahoga county owned by Roman Catholics. Among the first to be interred there were J. Brogan, P. Whelan, J. McCann, J. Lestrange, P. O'Neil, G. Hancape, H. Kaiser, H. Detmer, J. Faust, 1849-52. Total number of interments from July 1, 1849, to January 1, 1879, in St. Joseph's and St. John's cemeteries, thirteen thousand seven hundred and sixtyfour. Rev. G. F. Houck, manager; P. Roach, sexton. ;

Jewish Cemetery

The plat of ground used as the Jewish cemetery was laid out in the year 1849, one acre in extent, on Willett street, and, owned by the Israelitish Church

Congregation. 'his society afterward merged in the Anshe Chesed congregation, and the cemetery has since been under the contro: of that society. The first interment was that of Morris Marks, who was buried in the summer of 1840. In 1869 an additional half acre was purchased, so there are one and one-half acres of land now within the cemetery limits. There have been nearly six hundred burials in this cemetery since it was originally laid out.

Woodland Cemetery

In 1853 the city purchased of Benjamin F. Butler, of New York, sixty and one-half acres, on what is now Woodland avenue, for $13,639.50, and laid out the present Woodland cemetery, which still retains its original dimensions; being in form, nearly square.

Since 1853 the interments in Woodland have aggregated about twenty-five thousand. It contains many handsome and costly monuments, and among the finest are those erected as memorials to the members of the Seventh and Twenty-third Ohio regiments who fell in the War for the Union - that of the Seventh having cost $6,000. Among the legion of graves may be counted two hundred and fifty-seven, in which sleep as many of Ohio's citizens who were slain by rebel hands. The imposing stone structure which adorns the entrance to Woodland was built in 1878. The interments in 1878 numbered seven hundred and twenty-three.

St. Mary's Cemetery, corner of Burton street and Clark avenue, was purchased by Bishop Rappe and St. Mary's congregation, from Gerhard Schreiber, April 15, 1861, and comprises about six-aeres. It is used exclusively by the German and Bohemian Catholic congregations, West Side. It is under the management and control of the pastor of St. Mary's congregation - at present Rey. 8. Falk - subject, however, to the diocesan authorities. Total number of inter- . ments to May 1, 1879, one thousand seven hundred and fifty-seven. Among the first to be interred were John Gies, Joseph Freund, Mary Kerik, Ann Wenzink, John Berg, Joseph Pfeiffer.

Lake View Cemetery

This handsomely adorned and picturesquely located city of the dead covers an area of three hundred and five acres, and is approached from the city from Euclid avenue. It was laid out in 1869, and is now elaborately and handsomely improved, with smooth gravel drives, sweeping lawns, bright parterres of flowers, lakes, etc., and is, in short, one of the most beautiful cemeteries in the West. Among the many handsome monuments to be seen at Lake View, the one erected upon the lot of Mr. J. H. Wade, and costing thirteen thousand dollars, is probably the finest.

grounds are undulating, some parts having an altitude of upwards of two hundred feet, and some of these eminences present views of extraordinary beauty. The cemetery is owned and controlled by a corporation known as the Lake View Cemetery Association, whose officers, in 1879, were Joseph Perkins, presicent; J. H. Wade, vice president; Charles Wilbur, treasurer and clerk. It is situated in the township of East Cleveland, but is essentially a city institution, and is therefore included among the city cemeteries.

Riverside Cemetery

Riverside, located on the West Side, at the junction of Columbus street and Scranton avenue, was laid out in 1876, by an association of lot owners, incorporated under the name of the Riverside Cemetery Association. A tract of one hundred and two and a half acres, bordering upon che Cuyahoga river, was purchased for $102,500, and divided into five thousand and seventy-two burial lots. Riverside is as rich in natural beauty as any of Cleveland's other cemeteries, being gracefully dotted with wooded ravines, beautiful lakes, sightly eminences and expansive lawns. Quoting from the Association prospectus: ''The crowning feature, perhaps, of the entire grounds, albeit it is no easy task to isolate its beauties one from the other, is the 'Grand Avenue,' on the main plateau, leading from the chapel and receiving tomb along a plane of a thousand feet, and without a curve, terminated at the eastern end by a fountain of novel design, formed of dark polished granite."

A handsome chapel and receiving tomb, erected in 1876, at a cost of $4,100, stands near the center of the cemetery, and materially adds to the pleasing effect of the beautiful surrounding landscape. The most expensive work of art in Riverside is an imposing ''canopy monument," which cost $10,000. It is the work of the New England Granite Company, of Hartford, Connecticut, and is owned in common by Messrs. Thomas and Isaac Lamson and S. W. Sessions. The interments in Riverside, from 1876 to August, 1879, numbered four hundred. The officers of the Association for 1879 are Josiah Barber, president; 8. W. Sessions, vice president; Alfred Kellogg, treasurer; J. M. Curtiss, clerk and superintendent.

Chapter Uxt

ALTHOUGH Cleveland did not become a decidedly manufacturing city until the outbreak of the war, in 1861, yet it had taken some steps in that direction a long time previously. Of some of the very earliest, and consequently the smallest, of these manufactures we have made brief mention in the general sketch of the city at the beginning of Part If. To the great industries now in existence we devote the following pages; arranging the various establishments as nearly as practicable in the order of their beginning operations; so that a glance at this chapter will show not only the origin of various individual enterprises, but will also give some idea of the manufacturing tendencies and progress of Cleveland. Of course it is impracticable for us to do more than call attention to the principal institutions of this class, from which, however, the reader can at least gain an idea of the enterprise which in less than twenty years has changed Cleveland from an almost purely commercial town to one of the greatest manufacturing centers in the country.

Cuyahoga Steam Furnace Company

This establishment deserves and holds a prominent place in the front rank of Cleveland's manufacturing industries, both by reason of its early origin and present importance. The name of the corporation is hardly indicative of the nature of its business, as it certainly has never had anything to do with the manufacture of steam furnaces. The name is supposed to have been bestowed because, when started, the works were supplied with a steam engine for "blowing" the furnaces, whereas other foundries in this part of the country used horse-power.

At all events, the Cuyahoga Steam Furnace Company was incorporated March 3, 1834, and in the following April the company was organized by the election of Josiah Barber, Richard Lord and Luke Risley, as directors, and Charles Hoyt, as agent.

'he works were located in what was then Ohio City (now the West Side) at the corner of Detroit and Center streets, where they remain to this day. Incidental to a general foundry business, the first important article of manu'acture was a patent horse-power, which gained considerable notoriety. In 1841 the company manufactured a large number of cannon for the general government, and afterwards enlarged its scope of operations from the manufacture of castings, plows, mill-irons, etc., to the production of large machinery.

This new and important departure was to a large extent effected in 1842, when Ethan Rogers entered the company's service and undertook the construction of machinery to be used in the building of railways. Not long afterwards the company built a locomotive engine for a newly-constructed railway between Detroit and Pontiac, in Michigan, and this locomotive, the first built west of the Alleghenies, after twelve years of hard work, was in such good condition that it was sold for very near its cost. At the company's works were built, also, the locomotives first used on the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad and

Besides the distinction of having built the first locomotive in the west, the company gained also the additional one of constructing the earliest successful machinery for a lake screw propeller; the ''Emigrant" being the vessel supplied with its production.

Progress has ever been the watchword of this corporation, which has maintained an unbroken career of prosperity since its foundation in 1834, and the business of which, from a small venture, has risen to such provortions that upwards of one hundred and fifty men are constantly employed in the works. The company's capital, fixed at $100,000 at the outset, has remained unchanged. Its productions embrace steam-engines and machiuery of the largest class for mills and vessels, and are familiar on all the great lakes and in all the large manufactories of the West. Mr. J. F. Holloway (for many years previous connected with the company) was, upon the death of President W. B. Castle in 1872, chosen president and business manager, and since that time has discharged the duties of those offices, while serving, as well, as designer, engraver and superintendent. The secretary of the company is Mr. Sanford I. Lewis, who has occupied the place since 1861.

Lake Sitore Foundry

This prominent industry was established in the year 1850, by Mr. Seizer, and continued under his management until 1866. 8. Merchant then succeeded to the proprietorship and conducted the business until 1874 when a joint stock company was formed; O. M. Burke being president and treasurer; A. M. Burke, vice president; and C. E. Burke, secretary.

The buildings and premises at the foot of Alabama street consist of two brick foundries, each one hundred feet square, and one two-story machine shop, forty by two hundred fect in size. The company manufactures car, bridge and general castings, and makes a specialty of casting water and gas pipe. The annual business amounts to nearly half a million dollars. , Near one hundred and sixty men are employed, to whom, on the average, wages of about $10 per week are paid.

The Jewett And Goodman Organ Company

The manufacture of organs in Cleveland was established by Child and Bishop, in 1852. In 1860 Jewett and Goodman purchased the interest of that firm and continued the business until 1877, at which time a joint stock company was formed and incorporated under the style of The Jewett & Goodman Organ Company, with a capital stock of 860,000. In 1876 the manufactory was removed from Ontario street to the corner of Rockwell and Bond streets. The officers of thecompany are 8. A. Jewett, president and treasurer; C. D. Goodman, vice president; F. C. Goff, secretary.

Cleveland Rolling Mill Company

Cleveland's most important manufacturing industry, and one of the greatest in the world, is that located in the eighteenth ward of the city, (commonly known as Newburg), and operated by the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company. This company had its origin in the firm of Chisholm, Jones & Co., founded at Newburg by Henry Chisholm in 1857, and engaged from that year until 1863 in the manufacture of railway and bar iron. In September, 1863, the firm of Chisholm, Jones & Co., was superseded 'by a joint stock corporation, under the same leadership, with the name above given, and since that time the business has steadily expanded until it has now reached results which are almost marvelous.

The works proper cover an area of thirty-two acres; their products includes Bessemer steel and iron rails and fastenings, spring steel and wire of all kinds, steel horse shoes, tire, axles and other forgings, boiler plate, galvanized and black sheet iron, corrugated roofing and siding of Siemens-Martin, Bessemer steel and iron, etc., ete.. The capital of the company is &2,000,000; the number of men employcd averages four thousand; the yearly pay-rol]l reaches to more than two millions of dollars, and the annual consumption of coal is two hundred and fifty thousand tons. One hundred and fifty teams, besides locomotives, cars, etc., - all owned by the company - are employed in the transportation of material between the various departments of the works; the yearly product of steel and iron rails aggregates one hundred and ten thousand tons; that of wire, twenty-one thousand tons, and that of merchant iron and steel, twenty thousand tons.

These figures are given in a comprehensive form to show at a glance the scope of this remarkable industry, the details of which are, of course, too elaborate to be described in our limited space. The wiremills deserve, however, especial mention, for they are the largest of their kind in this country. All kinds of steel wire are made, ranging from the coarsest description known down to that of the fineness of a hair. More than six thousand tons of grain-binding wire alone were manufactured in 1879.

The company also operates in Chicago a mill that yields one hundred and fifty tons of rails daily, and two blast furnaces, the daily product of which is one hundred and twenty tons of pig iron. It also owns all its own mines of ore in the Lake Superior region, whence its*supplies are drawn.

The president of the company is Mr. Henry Chisholm, who resides in Cleveland, and the vice president is Mr, A. B. Stone, of New York, who manages the business of the corporation in the latter city.

Cleveland Paper Company

The capital stock was originally fixed at $100,000, but, owing to a rapid expansion in the business of the corporation, was in June, 1867, increased to $300,000. The factories, five in number, are located as follows: Two in Cleveland, (one on Broadway and one on Forest street), and one each in Massillon, Canton, and Monroe Falls. At these are manufactured all varieties of paper, and employment is furnished to over three hundred persons. The principal offices and salesroom occupy the entire four story building at No. 128 St. Clair street.

The present officers of the company are Ansel Roberts, president; N. W. Taylor, agent; H. 8. Whittlesey, secretary and treasurer; E. Mill, superintendent of warehouse; J. W. Brightman, superintendent of mills.

Novelty Iron Works

This important industry was established in 1860, by Thomas R. Reeve. The works consist of a machine and blacksmith shop, in a building ninety by one hundred and fifty-seven feet in dimensions, located on the corner of Wason and Hamilton streets. Here are manufactured iron bridges, buildings, roofs, railroad frogs and crossings, and general machine work of all kinds. In these works are employed seventy-five men, at an average salary of about $12.00 per week.

The Standard Oil Company

This extensive corporation had its inception in the year 1861, in a comparatively small copartnership business conducted by John D. Rockefeller and Henry M. Flagler. So rapid was the increase in the manufacture of petroleum and the sale of its products that in January, 1870, a stock company was formed and incorporated under the name of 'Standard Oil Company," having its principal place of business at Cleveland. John D. Rockefeller, Henry M. Flagler, Samuel Andrews, Stephen V. Harkness and William Rockefeller, comprised the board of directors and managers. The capital stock was fixed at $1,000,000 in shares of one hundred dollars each. The works and property of the company are situated on what is known as Kingsbury Run, and cover an area of about one hundred acres. The present officers are as follows: John D. Rockefeller, president; William Rockefeller, vice president; Henry M. Flagler, secretary; O. H. Payne, treasurer; 8. Andrews, superintendent; G. I. Vail, auditor; L. H. Severance, cashier.

This company does the largest business in its line - the refining and sale of petroleam - in the world, and there are few manufacturing establishments of any kind which surpass it. It has absorbed the greater part of the product of the Pennsylvania oil regions, and these when refined are sold throughout all of the civilized and part of the uncivilized world.

Meriam And Morgan Paraffine Company Cleveland Foundry

house and Meriam. In 1865 the firm was changed to Moorehouse, Meriam & Oo., and again in 1869, to Meriam & Morgan. In 1874 the firm became a body corporate under the name of the '"'Meriam and Morgan Paraffine Company," with a capital stock of $300,000. The offices and factory are located ina three story brick building, on the corner of Central Way and Ohio street. On the canal, opposite the main building, is an ice-house having a capacity of six thousand tons. The company's refinery is located on the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad, and ceyers seven acres of land. The officers of the company are E. P. Morgan, president; J. B. Meriam, vice president and treasurer; William Morgan, superintendent; Herman Frasch, chemist; C. T. Carruth, secretary. CLEVELAND FOUNDRY.

This industry, one of the leading enterprises of the city, was established in the year 1864 by the firm of Bowler & Maher. Jn 1870 C. A. Brayton entered the firm, which has since been known as Bowler, Maher & Brayton. In connection with the manufacture of car wheels, the firm also produces all casting pertaining to street railroads, rolling mills and blast furnaces. At the works, Nos. 7, 9, 11 and 138 Winter street, one hundred men are employed. 'The firm now consists of N. P. Bowler, Thomas Maher and C. A. Brayton.

Bourne & Knowles

The manufacture of hot and cold pressed nuts, washers, chain-links and rivets was commenced at the corner of Elm and Main streets, by the firm of Sherman, Damon & Co. in the year 1864. This firm was composed of David 8. Sherman, Roger Damon, Jr., and E. F. Thayer. On the 16th of October, 1866, the business was enlarged and the old firm succeeded by Bourne, Damon & Knowles. Mr. Damon retired in September, 1871, since which Messrs. Bourne and Knowles have continued the business. The building occupied by the firm is a two-story brick, one hundred and twenty by one hundred and sixty-three in dimensions.

Union Steel Screw Company

This great establishment was incorporated by Amasa Stone, Jr., William Chisholm, Henry Chisholm, A. B. Stone and HH. B. Payne, with a capital stock of $1,000,000 in shares of $100 each. The business of the corporation is confined almost entirely to the manufacture of screws, but in that line is one of the largest in the country.

Grasselli Chemical Works

The manufacture of acids by E. Grasselli, senior member of the present firm, was commenced at Cincinnati in 1839. The extensive oil interests which centered in Cleveland induced Mr. Grasselli, in 1866, to establish works here for the manufacture of chemicals of different kinds. The buildings and yards of the premises, on Broadway and Independence street, cover over twenty-two acres of ground, and furnish employment for sixty persons. The firm consists of E. Grasselli and Caesar A. Grasselli, his son.

This enterprise was started on Central Place, in 1866, by the firm of Harvey Taylor & Son. A few years later the works were removed to their present location on Central Way, and the firm was changed to'Taylor & Boggis. The works consist of the woodpattern, foundry, machine and metal-pattern departments.

Cleveland Spring Company

This corporation was organized October 21, 1868, with a capital stock of $200,000. The works are situated at the corner of West River and Winslow streets, having u front of one hundred and seven feet, and a depth of three hundred and fifty. The company manufactures steel springs for locomotives. cars. carriages and Phe onticers: aré as Tollows: EH. Bourne, president: Wm. K. Corlett, vice president; H. M. Knowles, seeretary; E. H. Bourne. Wm. K. Corlett, H. M. Knowles, S. Bourne and John Corlett, directors.

Cleveland Steam Gauge Company

The Cleveland Steam Gauge Company was incorporated on the 20th day of April, 1869, with a capital stock of fifty thousand dollars. The officers and incorporators were as follows: D. W. Cross, president; J. P. Holt, superintendent; W. 8. Dodge, secretary and treasurer; J. E. French, general manager.

This company was organized for the purpose of manufacturing Holt's patent steam gauges for locomotive and stationary engines, spring balances, water gauges, test pumps and test gauges, syphons, brass cocks, air and vacuum gauges, Watson's forge and blower, Emery's universal cotton gin, etc.

The business was established by Mr. Holt in 1867, and has steadily increased up to this time. The works of this company are located on West street, in a building one hundred and twenty-five feet square. The officers are D. W. Cross, president; J. E. French, yice president; J. P. Holt, superintendent; W. 8. Dodge, secretary and treasurer.

White Manufacturing Company

This company was incorporated on the 25th day of November, 1870, by Thomas H. White, Rollin C. White, George W. Baker, Henry W. White and D'Arcy Porter, who formed the association for the purpose of manufacturing sewing machines and articles connected with them. The more particular object was the manufacture of the '* White Sewing Machine." of which Thomas H. White was the patentee. The capital stock was fixed at $200,000, In the works of the Company on Canal street are employed from five to six hundred persons, at an average salary of nearly $75 each per month. The works occupy the fivestory building at Nos. 22 to 26 Canal street; the main offices and counting room are at Nos. 358 and 360 Huchd avenue. From July, 1876, to the close of 1877, the company produced from one hundred and fifty to two hundred machines per day.

The present officers are Thomas H. White, president; R. C. White, vice president; S. E. Henderson, secretary; H. W. White, treasurer; D'Arcy Porter, superintendent; George W. Baker, assistant superintendent.

The King Iron Bridge And Manufacturing Company

On the 26th day of January, 1871, Zenas King, Thomas A. Reeve, A. B. Stone, Charles A. Barnard, Charles A. Crumb, Dan P. Eells and Henry Chisholm associated themselves together for the purpose of manufacturing bridges and all kinds of machine work, under the name of "' The King Iron Bridge and Manufacturing Company." The capital stock was fixed at $225,000.

In 1858 Zenas King founded the business, with a capital of $5,000, which was at first confined to the manufacture of arch and swing bridges. The company now produces all kinds of truss, combination and wood bridges, as well as the patent arch. The works, located at the corner of Wason and Hamilton streets, cover one hundred and ten thousand square feet of land. The present officers are Zenas King, president; James A. King, vice president; Harley B. Gibbs, secretary; A. H. Porter, engineer.

Otis Iron And Steel Company

The Otis Iron and Steel Company was formed on the 13th day of June, 1873, by Charles A. Otis, W. S. OC. Otis, E. B. Thomas, W. S. Streator and Dan P. Eells. The purpose of the organization was to engage in the manufacture of iron and steel in all of its various branches. The capital stock was $300,000, in shares of $1,000 each. The Company's warks are located on Lake, near Lawrence street, and the present officers are Charles A. Otis, president; Jos. K. Bole, secretary, S. T. Willman, superintendent.

Worswick Manufacturing Company

This company had its origin in the manufacturing firm of Worswick & Lewis, and was incorporated October, 14, 1876, the capital stock being $100,000. The company manufactures wrought iron pipe, iron fittings and brass goods for steam, water and oil use. The works, located on the corner of Merwin and Center streets, occupy the entire three story building, ninety by one hundred and thirty feet in size. The present officers are as follows: J. R. Worswick, president; John A. Prindle, vice president; W. F. Brown, secretary; John F. Taylor, treasurer; J. R. Worswick, E. Lewis, John A. Prindle, Fayette Brown and H. E. Prindle, directors.