Delaware County, Ohio - Chapter 9 (2 of 2 so headed), 1880 (part 2 of 3)

A camp was established for this regiment on the Fuller farm, one arid a half miles south of the city, known as Camp Delaware, the ground occupied lying between the Columbus road and the river. On the 1st day of September, 1862, the Ninety-sixth left camp 1,014 strong, for - Cincinnati, and, on the evening of the same day of its arrival there, crossed over the river, and went into camp at Covington, Ky. From that time until the close of the war, it was on continuously active, and most of the time hard, service. In the fall of 1862, the regiment, in the brigade of Gen. Burbridge, and under command of Gen. A. J. Smith, marched from Covington to Falmouth, thence to Cynthiana, to Paris, Lexington, Nicholasville ; through Versailles, Frankfort, Shelbyville to Louisville ; leaving Covington on the 8th of October, and going into camp at Louisville on the 15th. From Louisville it proceeded to Memphis, and, on the 27th of December, with the forces under command of Gen. Sherman, left for "down the river" to Chickasaw Bayou. From there it went to Fort Hyndman, or Arkansas Post, where it was in the left wing, under command of Gen. Morgan. Sergt. B. F. High, Joseph E. Wilcox and W. P. Wigton, of Company F., were killed here ; and Isaac Pace, David Atkinson of Company G., were wounded and soon after died. After the battle of Arkansas Post, the regiment was at the siege of V^icksburg, where it formed a part of the Thirteenth Army .Corps. Then followed the battle of Grand Coteau, La., a desperate struggle against fearful odds. After this the regiment was sent into Texas on an expedition of short duration. Returning to Brashear City, La., it entered upon the famous Red River campaign, under Gen. Banks. TJje battles of Sabine Cross Roads (where Col. Vance was killed), Peach Orchard Grove, and Pleasant Hill, followed. The regiment had, by continued losses, become so reduced in numbers that a consolidation became necessary and was effected under a general order from Maj. Gen. Reynolds, commending the Department of the Gulf. At the request of the officers, and as a special honor to the regiment, it was consolidated into the Ninety-sixth Battalion, and not with any other regiment. This was the only instance in that department of any such favor being accorded. Soon after this the regiment (now the Ninety-sixth Battalion) was ordered down the river, and to Mobile, and was engaged in the capture of Forts Gaines, Morgan, Blakely and Spanish Fort, resulting finally in the capture of Mobile. The division was under command of Col. Landrum, of the Nineteenth Kentucky, and formed a part of the Thirteenth Corps, under Gen. Granger. The Ninety-sixth was mustered out at Mobile, and, on the 29th of July, 1865, was paid off and discharged at Camp Chase. During its service, the regiment marched 1,683 miles; traveled by rail 517 miles, and by water 7,686 miles, making a total of 9,886 miles, exclusive of many short expeditions in which it took part. Of Company P., there had" died of wounds and disease, 23 ; discharged for same, 26 ; total, 49. Of Company G., there had died of wounds and disease, 30 ; discharged from same causes, 16; total, 46. These figures may not be exactly correct, but are as nearly so as it is possible now to obtain such statistics.

To the One Hundred ^nd Twenty-first Infantry, Delaware County contributed more men than to any other military organization during the late war, except, perhaps, the One Hundred and Forty-fifth Regiment of National Guards, called out for one hundred days in the early part of 1864. Companies C, D, Hand K, of the One Hundred and Twenty-first, w^re made up wholly or in part from Delaware County ; the first two were entirely " Delawares," while the two latter comprised much of the same patriotic material. At the organization of the regiment. Company C,.one of the companies from this county, was officered as follows : N. W. Cone, Captain ; Joshua Van Bremer, First Lieute,nant, and F. T. Arthur, Second Lieutenant ; and Company D had for its first officers, Samuel Sharp, Captain ; Joseph A. Sheble, First Lieutenant, and S. B. Moorehouse, Second Lieutenant. As a matter of some interest to our readers, we will add the names of all commissioned officers in the regiment from this county, during its term of service : William P. Reid, Colonel ; Joshua Van Bremer, Major (entered as First Lieutenant) ; Thomas B. Williams, Surgeon ; Rev. L. F. Drake, Chaplain ; N. W. Cone, Samuel Sharp and Peter Cockerell, as Captains ; M. B. Clason and Silas Emerson, as First Lieutenants, and promoted to Captain ; S. B. Moorehouse, W. F. Barr, J. A. Porter, T. C. Lewis, Benjamin A. Banker, M. H. Lewis, Daniel Gilson and 0. M. Scott, as Second

Lieutenants, Sergeants, etc., and promoted to Captains ; Joseph A. Sheble and P]li Whitney, as First Lieutenants, and P. T. Arthur, J. P. Glover, M. D. Wells, Andrew Stephens, Charles P. Claris, E. B. Cook, Eli Whitney and Silas Long, Second Lieutenants.

As an act of justice to a good man and a brave soldier, we give place, parenthetically, to the following, as narrated by one familiar with the facts : Hon. John L. Porter, now Judge of the Common Pleas Court in an adjoining district, entered this regiment at its organization, as Pourth Sergeant of Company A, Capt. Lawrence, in which capacity he served faithfully. One day, as the regiment was on the march, it met with a fallen tree across the road, when Sergt. Porter, with a squad of men, was detailed by Col. Banning, then in command, to have it cut and removed. He did as ordered, but exercised his own judgment as to the exact place of cutting the tree in two. When Banning came along, he asked in a gruif manner why he had not cut the tree where he had ordered it done. Sergt. Porter replied that he did not think it made any particular diiference where it was cut, so that it was cut and removed out of the way, to enable the regiment to pass. At this Banning gave him a terrific cursing, and reduced him to the ranks. After Col. Robinson succeeded to the command of the regiment, a number of Porter's friends, headed by Capt. Banker (of Delaware) interested themselves in his case, and finally procured his re-instatement to his former position. This made him the oldest Sergeant in the regiment, which, united with his soldierly qualities, soon led to his promotion, and, when the regiment was mustered out, he was First Lieutenant of his company, a pusition that he well deserved and one that he creditably filled.

The One Hundred and Twenty-first was organized at Camp Delaware, the old camp of the Ninety-sixth, in September, 1862. On the 10th of the same month, the regiment, 985 strong, left for Cincinnati, where it was placed on guard duty for a few days, but on the 15th crossed over the river and went into camp at Covington, Ky. From tjiere it moved to Louisville, and was assigned to Col. Webster's brigade, Jackson's division, and McCook's corps. Without an hour's drilling the regiment marched with Buell's army in pursuit of Bragg. In this condition, it participated in the battle of Perry ville, in which Capt. Odor, of Company K, was killed. It was detailed to bury the dead, and remained in Kentucky on guard duty until January, 1863, when it proceeded to Nashville, and then to Franklin, Tenn., where it was engaged protecting the right flank of Gen. Rosecrans's army, then lying at Murfreesboro. When the army moved forward from Stone River, the One Hundred and Twenty-first moved with it, and was attached to the reserve corps under Gen. Granger. At Triune they had a slight skirmish with the rebels under Gen. Forrest. > The next engagement in which the regiment took part (and it« first severe battle) was the battle of Chickamauga, where it lost heavily. It made a gallant charge' to save the only road to Chattanooga, and, in the charge, encountered the Twenty-second Alabama Rebel Infantry, capturing its colors, and a majority of the regiment. The loss sustained by the regiment was : Lieuts. Stewart, Fleming and Porter, killed ; Capts. David Lloyd and A. B. Robinson, and Lieuts. Marshall, Stephens, Moore, Mather, Patrick, Bryant and Mitchell, wounded : privates killed, 14 ; and 70 wounded. For its bravpry in this engagement, the regiment was highly complimented by Gen. Granger. After the battle, it fell back with the army behind the intrenohments at Chattanooga, where it remained until the battles of Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge, in both of which it took a prominent part. It then returned to its old camp at Rossville, and remained there until May, 1864, when it moved with the army on the Atlanta campaign. It participated in the battles of Buzzard Roost, Resaca, and, as a part of Gen. Jeif C. Davis' division, was at the capture of Rome, Ga. It was at Kenesaw Mountain, and participated with its accustoaaed bravery. It made a lodgement under the enemy's works, and held it, thereby securing possession of the National dead and wounded ; but dearly did it pay for its bravery. Among the commissioned officers killed wereMaj. Yeager, Capts. Lloyd and Clason, and Lieut. Patrick ; and 8 ofiicers wounded. At Chattahoochie River, on the 9th of July, it lost, in a skirmish at the railroad bridge, 5 men killed and 4 wounded. At Atlanta and Jonesboro it performed its usual hot work, wl^fre it lost several men killed and wounded. About the 29th of September the regiment was sent back to Chattanooga, where it was attached to an expedition against Forrest's cavalry, then raiding on the railroad at some distance. They followed the rebel cavalry, and drove it across the Tennessee River into Alabama, when they returned and joined in the chase of Hood. The regiment joined Sherman at Rome, Ga., and marched with his army to

Savannah and the sea. After the fall of Savannah, the One Hundred and Twenty-first, then commanded by Lieut. Col. A. B. Robinson, went with the expedition into the Carolinas, and participated in the battle of Bentonville. It lost 6 men killed and 20 wounded. Capts. Charles P. Claris and M. E. Willoughby were among the wounded. The former afterward died from the efiects of the wounds received in this battle. On the 1st of May, 1865, it joined the march of the National forces through Richmond to Washington, where it took part in the grand review, after which it was mustered out and sent home, and, on the 12th of June, was paid off and discharged at Columbus.

The One Hundred and Forty-fifth Infantry was raised under the President's call, in April, 1864, for one hundred days' men, and was designated National Guards. It was made up wholly in Delaware County, and officered as follows: H. C. Aswell, Colonel; Lloyd A. Lyman, Lieutenant Colonel; H. C. Olds, Major; Henry Besse, Surgeon; J. D. Janney, Assistant Surgeon; William E. Moore, Adjutant; J. H. Stead, Quartermaster; Rev. W. G. Williams, Chaplain ; E. M. Jones, Lewis Moss, James Wallace, James M. Crawford, R. W. Reynolds, J. J Penfield, D. H. James, Arch. Freshwater, W. H. Wilson, John Cellar, Captains; Hugh J. Perry, F. W. Cogswell, C. Hull, D. G. Cratty, J. A. Cone, W. E. Bates, G. W. Flamming, J. S. Post, J. W. McGookey, I. S. Hall, First Lieutenants; J. S. Harmon, H. M. Bronson, John Urley, J. T. Nunsel, J. D. Van Deman, E. H. Draper, H. B. Wood, C. R. Caulkins, S. M. White, Jr., A. M. Decker, Second Lieutenants. The regiment was organized at Camp Chase on the 10th of May, 1864, and immediately ordered to Washington City. Upon its arrival, it was assigned to Gen. Augur, as garrison for the forts comprising the southern defenses of Washington, on Arlington Heights. The service of the regiment coiisisted principally of garrison and fatigue duty, in which, during its whole term, it was incessantly employed. It was drilled in both infantry and heavy artillery tactics under Gen. De Russy. Although not engaged in battle during its term of service, the One Hundred and Fortyfifth performed the most valuable duties, taking the place of veteran soldiers, who were thus permitted to re-enforce Gen. Grant in his advance on Richmond. Its term of service expired on the 20th of August, when it was sent home to Camp Chase, and, on the 23d, mustered out of the United States service.

One company of the One Hundred and Seventyfourth Infantry was recruited in Delaware County, and officered as follows : J. H. Bassiger, Cap^ tain; D. M. Howe, First Lieutenant, and W. E. Webber, Second Lieutenant. Col. Jones commanded the regiment, and Dr. F. W. Morrison, of Delaware, was appointed its Surgeon. D. M. Howe was promoted to Captain and attached to the staff of Gen. Thomas, and W. E. Webber was promoted to First Lieutenant.

The One Hundred and Seventy-fourth was one of the last series of regiments raised in the State, to serve one year, and was composed chiefly of those who had seen service in the older regiments, and, tiring of the monotony of private life, eagerly re-enlisted for another year's campaign. It was organized at the old rendezvous. Camp Chase, September 21, 1864, and left on the 23d for Nashville, and ordered to report to Gen. Sherman, then commanding the Department of the Mississippi. It arrived at Nashville on the 26th of September, and was ordered to Murfreesboro, which point was threatened with a raid from the caValry of Gen. Forrest. On the 27th of October, it left Murfreesboro, with orders to report to the commanding officer at Decatur, Ala. From Decatur, it moved to the mouth of Elk River, leaving four companies as a garrison for Athens. In a few days it returned to Decatur, and, on the 26th of November, it was again sent to Murfreesboro. It remained at Murfreesboro through the siege, and participated in the battle of Overall's Creek, where it behaved with great gallantry, and was complimented by Gen. Rousseau personally, for its bravery. Its loss was six men killed, two officers and thirty-eight men wounded. It took part in the battle of the Cedars, on the 7th of December, where it fully maintained its reputation. In a gallant charge during the fight, it captured two cannon, a stand of colors and a large number of prisoners. Its. loss was quite severe. Among its killed was Maj. Reid, who was shot through the head while urging his men on to the charge. The regiment participated in all the fighting around Murfreesboro ; and after the siege, was assigned to the Twenty-third Army Corps, which it joined at Columbia, Tenn.

In January, 1865, the regiment was ordered to Washington City, which place was reached on the 20th. It remained here until February 21, when it proceeded to North Carolina. Here it was placed in the column commanded by Gen. Cox, and took part in the battles of Five Forks, and at

Kingston, in both of which it acted with its accustomed bravery. This was the last fight the regiment was in. It was mustered out June 28, at Charlotte, N. C, and left at once for home, arriving at Columbus on the 5th of July, where it was paid oflF, and received its final discharge.

The One Hundred and Eighty-sixth Infantry drew one company from Delaware County. Company B was recruited almost wholly in the county, and was mustered in, under the following commissioned officers: R. C. Breyfogle, Captain; 0. H. Barker, First Lieutenant, and Shadrack Hubbell, Second Lieutenant. Lieut. Hubbell was a son of Hon. J. R. Habbell, of Delaware, and was but eighteen years of age when he enlisted in the army. He raised most of this company, many of its members being his schoolmates, and, in acknowledgment of his services, he was made Second Lieutenant of the company. After the close of the war, he was commissioned in the regular army, and died at New Orleans, in 1867, of yellow fever. He was on Gen. Hancock's staff at the time of his death.

The One Hundred and Eighty-sixth was raised under the President's last call for one-year troops. It was mustered into the United States service at Camp Chase, March 2, 1865, and, on the same day, started for Nashville by way of Louisville. On the 8th of March, it left Nashville for Murfreesboro, and from there proceeded to Cleveland, where it went into camp, and where it remained until the 2d of May, when it moved to Dalton. The Colonel of this regiment (Wildes), having been promoted to Brigadier General, was assigned to the command of a brigade at Chattanooga, and, at his request, the One Hundred and Eighty-sixth was transferred to his command. On the- 20th of July, the regiment was relieved from duty at Chattanooga and ordered to Nashville. Orders were received on the 13th of September to prepare rolls for the muster-out of the regiment. On the 19th of the same month, it started for Columbus, where it was mustered out of the service. It was never in an engagement as the One Hundred and Eighty-sixth Regiment, but it was no fault of the regiment. It faithfully performed every duty required of it, and would doubtless have acquitted itself with honor on the battlefield.

Of the Eighteenth United States Regular Infantry, which drew one full company and part of another from Delaware County, we have learned but little. The officers were from the regular army, and all inquiries have resulted in a failure to obtain anything very definite in regard to those companies in which the county was represented. " Ohio in the Late War " makes no mention of the regiment whatever, and the newspaper files of the war period have but little in regard to it. One item, however, may be given : James Fowler, a brother of Dr. Fowler, of Delaware, after serviiig for a time in the Fourth Infantry, enlisted in the Eighteenth Regulars, was promoted to Orderly Sergeant, became Captain of a company in a Tennessee regiment, and was made Provost Marshal of Greenville, Tenn. Since the war he has made his home in the South.

The Fifth Colored Infantry was organized at Camp Delaware, and contained a large number of men from this county. In June, 1863, a camp for colored soldiers was opened on the farm of Josiah Bullen about one mile south of the city, - and nearly opposite the site of " old Camp Delaware." Capt. McCoy, of the One Hundred and Fifteenth Ohio, was detailed by Gov. Tod to superintend the recruiting of colored troops, and J. B. T. Marsh was mustered in as Quartermaster of the " One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Ohio," the number and title the regiment was to bear.

This was the first complete colored regiment raised in the State of Ohio. Previously, there had been quite a number of colored men recruited for the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts, and sent to Boston, but nothing like an organization in the State had, up tn this time, been attempted. The only semblance of law, which gave authority to the raising of colored troops, was that known as the " Contraband Law," which gave a colored laborer in the service of the United States, $7 a month as his pay, and $3 a month additional for clothing. Under this state of things, recruiting progressed slowly, and the few who had already enlisted became dissatisfied, and the organization with difficulty could be kept together. A few faithful men, however, who thought they saw in the results of the war great benefits to their race, stood firm. Finally there came a call from the War Department for colored troops to serve in the armies of the United States. Boards were convened, and promises givenvtbat Congress would place them upon an equal footing with other troops. The organization was changed from the " One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Ohio," to the " Fifth Regiment of United States Colored Troops," and by the 10th of July it contained three full companies. G. W. Shurtleff was appointed Lieutenant Colonel, and infused new life into the enterprise. Recruiting now went on rapidly, and early in November the regiment, fully equipped, went to Virginia with nine companies, and nearly a full complement of officers. Upon its arrival at Norfolk, Col. Conine, who had been commissioned Colonel by the President, assumed command.

In December, 1863, the regiment formed part of the command under Gen. Wilde, in the raid made by that officer through the enemy's country to Elizabeth City, N. C. In January, 1864, it moved to Yorktown, where it remained until April. About this time, Capt. Speer joined it with the tenth company. In May, it accompanied the expedition planned Ijy Uen. Butler against Richmond and Petersburg, forming a part of the colored Division of the Eighteenth Corps. The Fifth was the first regiment to gain the shore at City Point, capturing the rebel signal officer and the corps stationed there. At the siege of Petersburg, the colored division stormed the heights, and captured two strong earthworks, with several pieces of artillery. Gen. Smith," who commanded the Eighteenth Corps, watched the colored division with great anxiety, and, when he saw them carry the works with the bayonet, he exclaimed, " The colored troops fight nobly," or, " that is equal to Lookout Mountain.'' In this action, the regiment lost several men killed and wounded. One officer was killed, and Col. Conine was wounded. From this time to the 15th of August, the regiment was employed mostly on guard duty. In the latter part of August, the Third Division (colored) of the Eighteenth Corps, under Gen. Paine, was transferred to the north side of the James River. While in camp here, the Fifth received 375 recruits from Ohio. In September, the battles of Chapin's Farm, New Market Heights and Fort Harrison occurred, in which the Fifth participated. Col. Shurtleff and three of the captains were wounded. In the afterternoon of the 29th, the regiment, with a detachment of white troops, stormed Fort Gilmer. The white troops faltered, then retreated, leaving the Fifth unsupported, and alone. It pressed on up to the fort, and a few men had scaled the walls; when an order was received to withdraw,, which was effected in good order. In this day's fighting, the regiment lost nine officers wounded, one of whom (Capt. Wilbur) died ; and out of 550 men in rank who went into the fight, 85 were killed, and 248 were wounded. Sergts. Beatty, Holland, Pimm and Brunson were awarded medals for gallantry in this engagement. The Fifth took part in the expedition against Fort Fisher and Wilmington, and performed efficient service. It also participated in the assault on Sugar Loaf and Fort Anderson, and marched with Gen. Terry's command to Raleigh, N. C. After the surrender of the Confederate armies, the Fifth was stationed for a while at Goldsboro, and in the latter part of September, it returned to Columbus, where it was honorably discharged.

A large number of colored soldiers were sent to the field from Camp Delaware, in addition to the Fifth Colored Regiment, The Delaware Gazette announces the departure for the' front from Camp Delaware, in the summer of 1864, of 250 colored troops, intended for the Twenty-seventh Colored Regiment. The Eighth Colored Regiment was in camp at this place for a time, and received quite a liumber of recruits. Beyond these few meager facts, however, we have no information in regard to these organizations.

This constitutes a brief sketch of the regiments in which Delaware County was represented, and their participation in the rebellion. In compiling our war history, we have drawn extensively on " Ohio in the Late War," supported by such local facts as we have been able to obtain, and, in this, we have earnestly endeavored to do "justice to all and injustice to none." Many minor facts connected with the war, pertaining mostly to the city of Delaware, will be noticed in that chapter. The Soldiers' Aid Society, and movements inaugurated for the purpose of encouraging enlistments, belong more properly to the city than in this department, as well as the Soldiers' Monumental Association. A few words in reference to the drafts which took place in the '- county, and we will close a subject of which we are becoming somewhat wearied.

The first draft in Delaware County occurred in October, 1862, and was for forty-three, the number remaining due on the President's call for 300,000 men. Hon. T. W. Powell, as Commissioner of the Draft, superintended the drawing of the lots. The distribution of prizes to the different townships was according to population and the number of recruits already furnished, and was as follows: Concord, three; Genoa, seven; Harlem, one ; Kingston, one ; Liberty, four ; Orange, thirteen ; Radnor, four ; Scioto, four ; Trenton, five, and Troy one. Another draft occurred in May, 1864, and was for 150 men, distributed as follows : Berkshire, three ; Brown, eight ; Genoa, twenty ; Trenton, eighteen ; Thompson, thirteen ; Troy, fifteen ; Oxford, fourteen ; Orange, nine ; Porter, ten ; Scioto, two ; Harlem, nine ; Kingston, four, and Liberty fifteen. Delaware, Concord, Berlin, and Radnor escaped, having filled their calls by enlistments. After this, there were one or two other drafts for small squads of men in some of the townships, which had proved a little derelict in furnishing their quotas. But, taken all in all, the patriotism of Delaware County presents nothing to be ashamed of, and her alacrity in filling every call promptly was surpassed by few counties in the State. The exact number of men furnished is not definitely known, as many enlisted in scattering regiments, but those that can be accounted for will reach 3,000, perhaps, exclusive of one-hundred-days men and colored soldiers.

We all love great men ; it is one of the noblest feelings that dwells in man's heart. No skeptical logic can destroy this inborn loyalty, and no sadder proof can be given by a man of his own littleness, than disbelief in it.' Every true man feels that he is himself made higher by doing reverence to what is really above him. The relation which, in all times, unites a great man to others, is divine. It is the vivifying influence of their life, is the very essence of Christianity itself. The history of the world is but the biography of great men. Hero-worship endures .forever, while man endures - the everlasting adamant, lower than which even communistic revolutions cannot fall ! So, in substance at least, says Thomas Carlyle, and he further says, as if he stood the teacher of the present hour, that " Great men, taken up in any way, are profitable company. We cannot look, however imperfectly, upon a great man without gaining something by him. He is the living light, fountain of native, original insight of manhood and heroic nobleness, which it is good and pleasant to be near. No great man lives in vain." And happy the century, happy the commonwealth, if it produce but one, whether it be a soldier - the foremost of the age, or a statesman, who administered the affairs of a nation.

Like all other portions of our great and glorious country, Delaware County has produced some great men, men who have filled high and honorable positions in the camp, at the bar, in the halls of legislation, and at the head of the government. The history of Delaware County would be incomplete without some notice of her illustrious sons. It would be like the play of Hamlet, with the one great character - the melancholy prince - left out. We shall, therefore, devote a brief space to some of her distinguished men.

Rutherford Birchard Hayes was born in the town of Delaware, on the 4th of October, 1822. His father, Rutherford Hayes, was a native of Vermont, and came to Delaware County in 1817, locating in the town, where the remainder of his life was spent. A son of his, and a brother to the President, was drowned in the Olentangy River, while skating - a melancholy incident, still remembered by many of the old citizens of the place. After a preliminary education, young Hayes passed a regular course at Kenyon College, from which he graduated in 1840. He then read law in the office of Thomas Sparrow, Esq., of Columbus, and, when sufficiently advanced in his studies, entered the Law Department of Harvard College, where he graduated with all due honors. It was while a law student here that Mr. Hayes went to Boston to witness a demonstration in honor of Henry Clay, who was a candidate for President (in 1844) against James K. Polk. The campaign was an exciting one, and hotly contested from the opening to the close. Upon the occasion referred to, the Hon. Cassius M. Clay was to make a speech before the Henry Clay Club, and the most extensive preparations had been made for a big day. In accordance with the customs of those times, a grand civil parade was a chief feature of the proceedings. Mr. Hayes met Mr. Aigin, from Delaware, whom he recognized, and, while standing in front of the Tremont House, they were joined by several others, among them Mr. Birchard, an uncle of the President. The motley-bannered procession was being highly praised, when young Hayes suggested that it only lacked an " Ohio delegation " to make its success complete. It was received as a happy jest, but nothing more thought of it until Mr. Hayes, who had hardly been missed, again appeared, carrying a rude banner which he had hastily constructed of a strip from the edge of a board, on either side of which, in awkward, straggling letters, was painted the word " Ohio." As the procession passed, Mr. Hayes, with his banner, " fell in," while the others (three in number) brought up the rear. Ohio men continued to drop in and swell their ranks, until, when the procession halted on Boston Common, the "Ohio Delegation" numbered twenty-four men, and was one of the most conspicuous in the procession. The enthusiasm was great, and floral tributes were showered upon them - from the balcony windows along the line of march. Among these tributes were several wreaths. These the young leader carefully placed over the rude banner, and the unexpected " Ohio delegation," proudly marching under a crown of laurel- wreaths, was cheered and honored as Ohio had never been honored before. This was probably Mr. Hayes' first appearance as a political leader, and doubtless, one of the happiest and proudest days of his life.

After the completion of his legal education, Mr. Hayes located in Cincinnati and commenced the practice of his profession. At the breakingout of the late war, on the first call for troops, he proffered his services to the Government, and was appointed Major of the Twenty-third Ohio Infantry, his rank dating from June 7, 1861. During the summer and fall, he served in West Virginia, under Gen. Rosecrans, and was, for a time. Judge Advocate on his stafi'. He was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel in November, and took command of his old regiment (the Twentythird), and the next year was appointed Colonel of the Seventy-ninth Ohio, but, owing to a wound received at South Mountain the previous autumn, was prevented from joining the regiment. On the 15th of October, 1862, he was promoted to the colonelcy of his old regiment. In December, he took command of the First Brigade of the Kanawha Division, and continued in this position until the fall of 1864, when he took command of the Kanawha Division. In October, 1864, he was appointed Brigadier General, for gallant and meritorious services in the battles of Winchester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. He was brevetted Major General at the close of the war for his gallant services during the West Virginia campaign of 1864. He was wounded four times during his term of service, and had three horses shot under him.

At the close of the war, he was elected to Congress from the Second Cincinnati District, and reelected in 1866. Though somewhat conservative, his action was uniformly in the line of policy of the Republican party, by which he had been elected. In 1867, he was nominated, by a large majority, a candidate for Governor of the State, to succeed Gov. J. D. Cox, and was elected by a majority of about 3,000. He was elected his own successor in 1869, by a majority of nearly 8,000 over Hon. George H. Pendleton. In

1867, he was again elected Governor of the State, by a majority of 5,000 over Hon. William Allen, and, at the National Republican Convention of 1875, he became the standard-bearer of his party in one of the most exciting Presidential contests that have occurred since the war of the^ rebellion, perhaps since the great campaign of Gen. Harrison. The result of that bitter contest is still vividly remembered by our readers, and to enter into particulars here would be wholly superfluous. A discussion of the pros and cons of the subject is not appropriate matter for this work.

William Starke Rosecrans is a native of Delaware County, and was born in Kingston Township, September 6, 1819. His father, Crandall Rosecrans, was of Dutch origin, his ancestors having emigrated from Amsterdam to Wyoming Valley, Penn. This was the native place of Crandall Rosecrans, who came to Ohio in 1808, and settled in Delaware County, thus becoming one of its pioneers. His wife, the mother of William, was a daughter of Timothy Hopkins, whose name is recorded as one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and also as a soldier of the Revolution. Young Rosecrans is remembered as possessed of great energy of character, and, mainly through his own individual exertions, he gained admission into the Military Academy at West Point. His biographer says : " His proficiency in such mathematical and scientific studies as he had been able to pursue, led him to look longingly upon the treasures of a West Point education. Consulting no one, not even his father, he wrofe directly to Hon. Joseph R. Poinsett, Secretary of War, under President Van Buren, asking for an appointment as cadet. It was not strange that such an appUcation failed to receive an instant response ; but young Rosecrans thought it was, and applied to his father for some plan to re-enforce his request. A petition for the cadetship was prepared and largely signed, and, as he was depositing the bulky document in the post office, he received the letter informing him of his appointment."

At West Point he was known as a hard student. His class (that of 1842) numbered fifty-six, among whom were Longstreet, Van Dorn, Pope, G. W. Smith, Lovell, R. H. Anderson, Doubleday, Rains, Newtou and McLaws. In this class Jlosecrans stood third in mathematics and fifth in general merit, while Pope was seventeenth, Doubleday twenty-fourth and Longstreet fifty-fourth. After graduating he entered the Engineer Corps of the regular army, as a Brevet Second Lieutenant, and was assigned to duty at Portress Monroe. At the age of thirty-four years, he was acknowledged master of the profession of engineering, and had given to the Government (as an engineer) eleven years of his life, without having reached a captain's commission or - salary. Becoming discouraged with service in the army, " where few die and none resign" in the peaceful times then prevailing, promotion seemed hopelessly remote, and Rosecrans determined to resign his commission. Jefferson Davis, then Secretary of War, expressed unwillingness to lose so valuable an officer from the service, and proposed to give him a year's leave of absence, at the end of which, should he still desire it, he should be permitted to resign. Accordingly, in 1854, his resignation was tendered and accepted. Gren. Totten, the Chief of Engineers, forwarded with the acceptance to Lieut. Rosecrans a complimentary letter, extolling in high terms the services rendered by him to the Government, and his " regret that the country was about to lose so able and valuable an officer."

After his resignation, Rosecrans resided in Cincinnati until the breaking-out of the rebellion. He here held a number of positions, among them that of President of the Cannel Coal Company, and later he held a similar position in the Cincinnati Coal Oil Company. In all these he displayed such ability as to command the confidence of capitalists, yet most of his ventures ended in pecuniary failures. His restless mind was constantly bent on making improvements, and his ingenuity left everywhere its traces in new inventions of which others largely profited, through his researches and experiments.

Thus, the opening period of the rebellion found him but little better situated, pecuniarily, than when he resigned his commission as First Lieutenant in the regular army. He was forty-two years of age, in the prime of vigorous manhood, and possessing, both by virtue of his professional abilities and his religious affiliations,* marked influence in the great city which he had made his home. From the moment the war declared itself, Rosecrans gave thought and time to no other subject. He devoted his time to organizing and drilling the home guards who enrolled themselves for the purpose of guarding against a sudden rush over the border, a position for which his military education eminently fitted him. He thus occupied

* Bosecrans was a deToat Boman Catholic, and believed in the infallibility of bis church. He was a brother to Bishop Bosecrans, of the Catholic Church, and throughout his public life he endeavored to conform to the principles of that denomination.

himself until the appointment of McClellan, Major General of the Ohio Militia, by Gov. Dennison. At the earnest solicitation of McClellan, he accepted 'the position of Engineer on his staff, and as such selected and prepared a camp of instruction for the volunteers that were now pouring in. His services were next claimed by the Governor, who sent him on various expeditions connected with the troops being raised. On June the 9th, he was commissioned Chief Engineer of the State, and a few days later was made Colonel of the Twenty-third Ohio, and assigned to the command of Camp Chase. Four days afterward, his commission as Brigadier General in the United States Army reached him, and almost immediately. Gen. McClellan summoned him to active service in West Virginia.

From this time on, the record of Gen. Rosecrans is familiar to all- readers of the history of the great rebellion. His brilliant service in West Virginia is illustrated by such flattering notices as the following: " The first troops ever commanded in the field by Gen Rosecrans were the Seventeenth and Nineteenth Ohio, and the Eighth and Tenth Indiana. Within two weeks after he assumed command, they had fought a battle under him, and won the victory that decided the first campaign of the war." His success in this battle raised him from the command of a brigade to the command of a department. The victories of luka, Corinth and Stone River added new laurels to his brow, and his star for a period shone in undimmed luster. But Chickamauga proved his Waterloo, and his star went down in dark and lurid clouds. Jealousy of his growing reputation had been conceived by other officers, whose ambition led them to covet his hard-earned laurels. His blunder at Chickamauga afforded the excuse his enemies had long sought, and the most atrocious calumnies were circulated concerning him, until finally the order came relieving him of his command. He turned it over to his intimate friend and trusted officer, Gen. George H. Thomas, and left for his home at at Cincinnati. The jealousies of his comrades in arms had succeeded. It is but justice here to state, that the people of his native State had never sympathized in the hue and cry raised against him, because after so many victories he had lost a battle and the public journals demanded his restoration to command with such persistency, that he was finally (January, 1864) ordered to relieve Gen. Schofield, in command of the Department of Missouri. He served in this State till" December,

1864, when he was relieved of his command without explanation or warning, through the same jealousies that had once, before procured his downfall. An historian of the war* pays him this flattering compliment :

" The officer thus ungraciously sufiered to retire from the service he adorned must forever stand one of the central figures in the history of the war for the Union. He cannot be placed in that small category of commanders who were always successful, but who of our generals can ? Few of his battles or campaigns are entirely free from criticism, for ' whoever has committed no faults has not'made war.' But, as a strategist, he stands among the foremost, if not himself the foremost, of all our generals. In West Virginia, he outgeneraled Lee. At Corinth, he beguiled Van Dorn and Price to destruction. In his Tullahoma and Chattanooga campaigns, his skillfully combined movements developed the highest strategic ability, and set the model which was afterward followed with varying success in the famed advance on Atlanta." Here we will leave him. Like many another deserving individual, his reward, and his entire vindication, may not comein this world, except so far as he feels an inward consciousness of having faithfully performed his duty. In the language of Prentice -

John Anthony Quitman, a noted and gallant officer of the Mexican War, was for a number of years a resident of the town of Delaware. It is a fact, remembered now by few, perhaps, that he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in the courts of Delaware County, and, some time after, emigrated to the State of Mississippi, which thenceforward became his home.

Gen. Quitman was born in Rhinebeck, Dutchess County, N. Y., September 1, 1799. After completing his education, he came to Chillicothe, Ohio, where he commenced the study of the law with Col. Brush, acting at the same time as tutor to his sons. Soon after this he came to Delaware, as a clerk and student of Piatt Brush, Esq., Register of the Land Office, and one of the early lawyers in this section of the State, and in whose office Quitman completed his legal education. After his admission to the bar, an event that occurred in 1821, he expressed to Mr. Brush his desire to go South, but that he lacked funds to do so. He was furnished by that gentleman with the requisite amount to defray his expenses to the country he proposed to make his future home, and set off on horseback, then the common mode of transit. He located in the city of Natchez, Miss., where he soon reached the head of his profession. In 1827, he was elected to the Legislature, and from 1828 to 1834 served as Chancellor of the State, and afterward was President of the Senate. In 1836, he raised a small body of men to aid Texas, then on the point of throwing ofi' the rotten yoke of Mexico, and marched with them to the seat of war. The Natchez Courier of May 1, 1836, thus mentions the event: "The departure of Hon. John A. Quitman and his compatriots for Texas, so soon after the news of a most barbarous butchery, presents a scene of extraordinary interest. The gallant Judge has filled nearly all the stations the State can confer, and no man ever passed through so many offices of trust and honor more creditably. We might truly say that no man ever questioned the honesty or integrity of Judge Quitman's public conduct, or the purity of his private character."

In July, 1846, after hostilities had commenced between the United States and Mexico, Quitman was appointed Brigadier General, and ordered to report to Gen. Taylor, then at. Camargo. At Monterey, he distinguished himself by a successful assault on Fort Tenerice, and his daring advance into the heart of the city. He commanded the first sharp engagement at Vera Cruz, and was with the advance under Gen. Worth, when Pueblo was captured. For his bravery in this engagement, he was brevetted Major General. At Chapultepec, he stormed the important works, and pushed forward to the Belen Gate, which he carried by assault, and took possession of the capital of the Montezumas, of which Gen. Scott, upon his arrival, made him Governor. Soon after his return to the United States, and to Mississippi, he was elected Governor of the latter, almost by acclamation. In 1855, he was elected to Congress, and re-elected in 1857, without opposition. During his entire service in Congress, he was at the head of the Military Committee. He died in the city of Natchez July 17, 1858.

John Calvin Lee was born in Brown Township, Delaware County, and is a son of Hugh Lee, a tanner by trade, and one of the pioneers of that township. He received his early education and began his career of usefulness in the city of Delaware. He arose from a humble station in life, and,' by virtue and honest industry, achieved a position of high and honorable rank. He chose the profession of the law, and, some time after his admission to the bar, he located at Tiffin, Ohio, where he was residing at the beginning of the rebellion. On the 25th of November, 1861, he was commissioned Colonel of the Fifty-fifth Ohio Infantry, and was ordered to West Virginia. For a short time he served as President of a court-martial convened by Gen. Rosecrans, at Charleston, after which he joined his regiment. He participated in the battles of Freeman's Ford, White Sulphur Springs, Warrenton, Bristow's Station, New Baltimore, New Market, Thoroughfare Gap, Chantilly and the second battle of Bull Run. On account of illness in his- family, he tendered his resignation in 1863, but was commissioned Colonel of the One Hundred and Sixty-fourth Ohio (National Guard), and was mustered out in 1864, and brevetted Brigadier General.

Gen. Lee was nominated by the Republican State Central Committee July 10, 1867, a candidate for Lieutenant Governor, on the ticket with Gen. R. B. Hayes. Hon. Samuel Galloway had been nominated for the position, but declined the honor, and Lee was chosen his successor upon the ticket. The Delaware Gazette, July 12, 1867, thus editorially speaks of Gen. Lee's nomination : " General Lee is widely known as an able lawyer, an eloquent orator, and an upright and aflable gentleman. Having for some time been associated in the same command with him in the army, we can speak of his military services with the more confidence. We first met him in the winter of 1861, when commanding in West Virginia the Fifty-fifth Ohio, of which he was then Colonel, and which, it is not invidious to say, was well known as one of the best regiments in the Eleventh j Corps. To the end of the war it carried the flag i without a stain of dishonor, passing through Pope's, Hooker's and Mead's campaigns in Virginia and Pennsylvania, through Sherman's campaigns in Georgia and the Carolinas, and joining, finally, in the grand review at Washington. At the battle of Chancellorsville, Col. Lee was one of the few officers who were on the alert and knew of the approach of the enemy. He took the responsibility of sending repeated messengers to the headquarters of the divisions and corps, expressing his belief that the enemy was approaching on the flank and rear of the command, and asking that the front should be immediately changed. Unfortunately, his advice was not followed, though had it been, it is safe to say the disaster of Chancellorsville never would have happened. Subsequent to that action he resigned, but re-entered the service prior to the close of the war as commander of a regiment. Gen. Lee possessed the reputation of being popular with his regiment, without the sacrifice of discipline. For some time he commanded a brigade with the rank of Colonel, in which capacity he richly earned a rank commensurate with the position he filled, but which he did not receive until the close of the war. Throughout the corps he was known as one of the most efficient disciplinarians, bravest officers and most afiable gentlemen."

The ticket, with Gen. Hayes for Governor and Gen. Lee for Lieutenant Governor, was elected by a majority of some three thousand. In 1869, the same ticket was renominated by the Republican party, and again elected ; this time by about eight thousand majority. As Lieutenant Governor, and President of the Senate, Gen. Lee discharged his duties with all his characteristic faithfulness. At the present writing, he is United States Attorney for the Northern District of Ohio.

Delaware County has produced many other men of note, but none, perhaps, who have been carried quite so far, or so high up, on the crest of the popular wave, as those we have mentioned. The honor of furnishing a President falls to a county or a State, but once in four (or eight) years. In the past fifteen years, Delaware County has produced a President, a Governor and a Lieutenant Governor. Her Congressmen, Judges, other military men, and State officials will be noticed in the professions to which they belong.

" It was then a city only in name, The houses and barns had not yet a frame, The streets and the squares no mortal could see. And the woodman's ax had scarce hit a tree."

IN considering the history of the limited district now covered by the township and city of Delaware, it is difficult to divest it .of its share in the Territorial history of the once Northwest. But a few years before the coming of the pioneer, these hills and valleys were rife with the busy hum of human life. " Here lived and loved another race of beings. Here, the wigwam blaze beamed on the tender and helpless, and the council-fire glared on the wise and daring." Here, long before the restless pioneer had crossed the AUeghanies, the Delawares and Mingoes had found a home, and hither brought their trophies of the foray and chase. Here they received the fiery prophet of Pontiac, who inspired their hearts with revenge, as they listened to the tragic story of the Cherokees. And from here proceeded one of the affluents of that mighty flood of war, that, like a bloody deluge, swept up the valley of the Ohio, bearing back before its resistless current the line of settlements from Detroit to Niagara. Again and again did they array themselves against the steady encroachments of civilization, but in vain. " The anointed children of education have been too powerful for the tribes of the ignorant." Their council-fires paled in the growing dawn of the nineteenth century, and shrinking before a power they could not comprehend, they have passed away.

Such, in brief, is the history of tlje whole race of that peculiar people, about whose memory there must ever linger a melancholy interest. " The Indian of the falcon glance and lion bearing, the theme .of the touching ballad, the hero of the pathetic tale," is indeed gone, but the story of his primitive virtues cannot be forgotten. The history of the early Dutch and English colonies is a record of the basest treachery, in return for the most open-hearted hospitality. Picture the meeting on Long Island between the chiefs of the river tribes and the Dutch colonists. Hear the record of broken . faith, as, with more grief than indignation, the warriors recount the outrages they have sufiered. " When you first came to our shores you wanted food ; we gave our beans and corn, and now you murder our people. The men whom your first ships left to trade, we guarded and fed ; we gave them our daughters for wives ; some of those whom you murdered were of your own blood." Can it seem strange that with so portentous a beginning the land should have been drenched in the blood of a hundred massacres ? Trained up in such a school of infamy, is it a matter for surprise that the " Indian question" is yet an unsolved problem ?

The pioneers of Delaware County came close upon the steps of the retreating savages. The country south of the Greenville Treaty line had been ceded to the United States by the council at Port Mcintosh in 1785, but it was done when the Indians were overwhelmed with a sense of their inability to successfully cope with the whites, and they subsequently engaged in a struggle to retain the lands thus ceded. 'In the event it proved a forlorn hope. After successively defeating Grens. Harmar and St. Clair, they were in turn defeated by Gen. Wayne, and, yielding to the inevitable, they confirmed, in a grand council at Greenville in 1794, their former cessions of this territory. It was not, however, until 1802, that the Delawares tore themselves from the land of their forefathers, never to tread it again as "lord and king." The site was one well suited to captivate the savage heart. Stretching down on the west side of the Olentangy River, from the horseshoe bottom on the' north, to the cherry bottom on the south, lay a broad expanse of meadow, radiant with the promise of the coming harvest. Embracing it on three sides and separating it from the dense forest beyond, extended a chain of circling hills on which, like watchtowers on the battlements, were placed the towns of the natives. Beginning with a half-turn, some rods from the Olentangy and the mouth of the run which divided the meadow into neaj-ly equal parts, a ridge took its rise, and, running with a gradual ascent toward the northwest, reached its highest point near where the court house now stands, then, turning with a broad sweep to the west and south, it joins the outer boundary near the grounds of the Female College. Putting oflF on the south side of the run almost at the point of contact, it takes its course toward the east, abruptly terminating in the high ground where the University stands, inclosing a cove of some seventy-five acres. At the foot of the northern slope of this ground was a deer-lick, famous among the tribes for the medicinal qualities of its waters and for the game it attracted. The exact location of the Indian towns is largely a matter of speculation, the traditions proving on this point conflicting and unsatisfactory. It is pretty well determined, however, that the Delawares had a village on the north side of the run, where it entered the meadow. Where now Monnett Hall reposes in the cloistered quiet of the wood, stood the rude wigwams of the savage, looking out on asceneof loveliness that untrammeled nature alone can present. Spread out like a picture before them lay the beautiful cove, where while the murmuring brook, meandering to the river, sang to them of th« goodness of the Great Spirit. Here, too, if tradition may be credited, echoed their warwhoop ; here was the scene of the " bloody grapple, the defying death-song ; and, when the tiger strife was over, here curled the smoke of peace." But the leveling hand of art has long since passed over the place, and on the spot once so rich in Indian memories now rises the thrifty city of Delaware.

The j^ownship was organized as one of the divisions of the newly formed county of Delaware, on June 16, 1808, and included the whole of Township 5 and the northern half of Township 4, of the United States Military Survey ; Section 3 of Brown, and Section 2 of Berlin. In 1816, Troy was formed, taking off the northern half of Township 5, and on January 8, 1820, the Berlin section was taken off. In the year 1826, Brown was organized, leaving Delaware in regular shape - five miles square - though composed of parts of two Congressional townships. In 1852, a piece of territory a mile square, was taken from the southwest corner of this township and annexed to Concord, in compensation for a certain surrender of territory to Scioto, leaving Delaware in its present shape. As now situated, it is bounded on the north by Troy ; on the east by Brown and Berlin ; on the south by Liberty and Concord, and on the west by Concord, Scioto and Radnor. The Olentangy River intersects the northern boundary of Delaware near the north and south section line, and passes through the township in a course a little east of south. Flowing into it from either side, are a number of small tributaries, the more important of which are Delaware, Rocky and Slate Runs, affording ample drainage for the larger part of the township. Along the east bank of the river, are rich lands known as " second bottoms," made up of a fine gravelly loam, highly prized by farmers, which changes to clay as the high lands further back are reached. After passing the horseshoe bottom, the high land approaches to the bank of the river and takes on the character of bluffs in the city, but recedes again as you go south. Along the western bank, the land extending toward the northwest is high, rolling ground. South of the Delaware Run, there were originally a number of elm swamps of greater or less extent, especially along the Bellepoint road. Here, elm, black-ash and burr-oak timber abound, while along the margin of Delaware Run, and in the northwest, are found maple, ash, oak and walnut. In the fiirther corner of the latter section, there is evidence of the ravages of a tornado which passed over that point in 1806-07, felling the timber over a narrow space for some distance through Troy. The banks of the Olentangy were well wooded with a heavy growth of oak and maple, save where the bottoms had been cleared by the Indians. Here there was an abundance of jack oak and wild cherry. The site of the city of Delaware was covered with a tall growth of prairie grass, with a fringe of plum-trees along the run, with here and there a scrub oak or thorn apple. Although the township is thus admirably adapted to agriculture, it is, by no means, the absorbing pursuit. The raising and importing of fine stock has reached very large proportions, and some of the finest specimens of blooded horses, cattle and sheep to be found in the State are seen here. It may be said that some of the finest animals of the Percheron breed of horses in the United States are owned in Delaware, while animals from a herd of short-horns in the township have been exported and sold in England for some $30,000. This feature merits a more complete description than can be given in this place, and will be found elsewhere. The early vigor of the city of Delaware has precluded the growth of anything like villages in other parts of the township, but, notwithstanding such discouragements, two places have been platted and have succeeded in perpetuating their names. Prospect Hill, situated on the high land east of the river and just north of Sugar Creek, was laid out as a town with eighteen lots in 1852, by Dr. Ralph Hills. It is intersected by Prospect and Olentangy streets, and has since become a part of the city of Delaware. Stratford on Olentangy was laid out in 1850, by Hon. Hosea Williams and H. G. Andrews, and consisted of seventeen lots, containing from fifty to seventy-nine perches of land each. These lots are situated on the west bank of the river, front on Sandusky street, and were intended primarily to furnish homes for the hands employed in the mills located at that point. This has been a favorite point for mills since the first settlement of the county, the first being built as early as 1808. This structure and property passed into the hands of Col. Meeker, who rebuilt and enlarged the mill, and, in 1829, added facilities for carding and fulling. Some years later Caleb Howard, an enterprising, speculative sort of a man, conceived the idea of establishing a paper-mill here, and sue ceeded in interesting Judge Hosea Williams, a safe, cautious business man, in the project. In the spring of 1838, the old flouring-mill with the mill privileges and property were bought, the old dam replaced by a fine stone structure, and a paper-mill put in operation October 1, 1839. John Hoyt was the first Superintendent, and gave the classical name of Stratford to the place. On October 30, 184:0, a fire originating among the old rags, by spontaneous combustion, did considerable damage to the interior, of the building. In three months it was repaired and improved, and, in the fall of 1844, Howard sold his interest to H. G. Andrews. In 1849, the old flouring-mill was fitted up for the manufacture of wrapping paper, and turned out about a half a ton per day, employing some ten hands. On February 27, 1857, the entire mills were burned, entailing a loss of $25,000, with an insurance of not over $10,000. In November of 1857, a stone building, two stories high, about 50x80 feet, with several additions, was built ,at a cost of some $30,000. These mills have filled some important contracts with the State'. At the time of the fire, in 1840, the firm had accounts to the amount of $10,000 due it from the State, and, in 1861, they had a large contract with the State, which, owing to the unforeseen and extraordinary rise of the paper market, they were obliged to ask to have rescinded. In 1871, J. H.

Mendenhall became a. partner; later, Mr. Andrews retired, and the property is now in the hands of V, T. & C. Hills. The main mill manufactures print and book papers, and the one on the site of the old flouring-mill furnishes wrapping paper. The minimum capacity is about one ton of paper each per day. An artesian well which was sunk 210 feet through solid limestone rock furnishes water for purifying purposes. Steam furnishes the power during the low stages of the water.

The tide of emigration, to which this county is indebted for its settlement, flowed up the valley of Alum Creek, following the main Indian trail, along the fertile banks of the Scioto, and by the old Granville road, forming settlements in Radnor, on the forks of the Whetstone, in Berkshire and in Berlin. The first colony did, indeed, follow the Olentangy, but it stopped at Liberty, leaving Delaware an " undiscovered country." Thus, while the forests all about were ringing with the blows of the pioneer's ax, the township of the greatest future political importance stood desolate amid the ruins of her early habitations. In their excursions through the woods, the first settlers found here, in a tangled mass of tall grass and thickets, wild cherries, plums and grapes, growing in generous profusion. It was the scene of many a frolic, and, occasionally, of a more serious experience of those who were attracted from the surrounding settlements for the fruits with which to embellish the frugal meal of the frontier cabin. One day, in the fall of 1806, two girls, about sixteen years o^ age, named Rilla Welch and Rena Carpenter, from the Liberty settlement, came to what was then called the Delaware Plains, for plums. Busy gathering fruit, they took no note of time, until nearly sundown. Startled at the lateness of the hour, they hurriedly took a course which they thought led toward home. Night came oa before they reached a familiar spot, and, follotfing the course of the Delaware Run, they found themselves at last at the cabin of Mr. Penry, in Radnor. Here they were obliged to stay through the night. In the morning, as they were escorted home, they met the people of the Liberty settlement out in full force, with every conceivable instrument of noise, in search of the girls, whom they supposed had remained in the woods aH night.

The first purchase of land in this township was made by Abraham Baldwin, and included the third section of Brown and the northeast section of Delaware, containing eight thousand acres.

The patents were dated December 24, 1800, and were signed by John Adams, President of the United States of America. ' Mr. Baldwin was a native of New Haven, Conn., and sprang from a family noted for its high intellectual attainments, numbering among its members, legislators, Governors, and a Judge of the United States Supreme CJourt. He graduated from Yale College in 1772, and from 1775 to 1779, he was a tutor in that institution. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary army, and, after the war, having studied law, he settled in Savannah, Ga. Soon after his arrival, he was chosen a member of the Legislature. He originated the plan of the University of Georgia, drew up the charter, persuading the Assembly to adopt it, and was for some time its President. He was a member of the Continental Congress from 1785 to 1788, and a member of the convention which framed the Constitution of the United States. From 1789 to 1799, he was a Representative in Congress, and from 1799 to 1807, he was a member of the United States Senate, part of the time President pro tern, of the Senate. He was a man of large wealth, and owned considerable tracts of land in Iowa, Pennsylvania and Ohio. In the latter State he had 16,000 acres situated on the Whetstone and Licking Creek, in Licking County. March 1, 1801, he sold 500 acres of the original purchase to William Wells, one-half to be located on the northeast corper of Delaware Township, and the other on the northeast corner of Section 3, in Brown. He was never married^ and, at his death, March 4, 1807, Mr. Baldwin devised the remainder of this property to his three half-brothers and two half-sisters. These heirs lived widely apart in various States of the Union, in the then Mississippi Territory, in Connecticut and in Pennsylvania, and the property soon passed by power of attorney or purchase into the control of one of the heirs - Henry Baldwin, a lawyer in Pittsburgh. This was probably a part of a project to unite with Col. Byxbe in laying out a town to their mutual advantage. It is difficult, at this late day, to ascertain the particulars of a transaction now of so much interest to the citizens of Delaware. It appears from various records, however, that Col. Byxbe, during one of his trips to the East, met Henry Baldwin at Pittsburgh, and broached to him the project which resulted in founding the city. Having secured control of the property, Mr. Baldwin repaired to Berkshire, and, under some arrangement with Byxbe, platted a (fown of Delaware, they uniting on March 7, 1808, in granting a power of attorney to Moses Byxbe, Jr., to record the same. This was the plat which located the town east of the Olentangy, but which' has never been recorded in this county. For some reason which does not appear on the records, this place was abandoned, and another, under different auspices, was made May 9, 1808 (if the date it bears be correct), locating the town on the west side of the river. What the new arrangement was, the following instrument, drawn up and acknowledged at Pittsburgh, will explain ;

This indenture, made the fourteenth day of May, in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eight, between Henry Baldwin, of the borough of Pittsburgh, in the State of Pennsylvania, Esquire, and Sally, his wife, of the one part, and Moses Byxbe, of the county of Delaware, in the State of Ohio, of the other part. Witnesstth, That, whereas, on the twenty-fourth day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred, John Adams, Esquire, then President of the United States of America, by his patent bearing date the same day and year, granted unto Abraham Baldwin, of the county of Columbia and State of Georgia, a certain tract of land estimated to contain four thousand acres, being the third quarter of the fifth township in the eighteenth range of the tract appropriated for satisfying warrants for military services, and, on the twenty-sixth day of the same month and year, the said John Adams, by another patent, bearing date the day last mentioned, did grant unto the same Abraham Baldwin one other tract of land, estimated to contain four thousand acres, being the fourth quarter of tlie fifth township in the nineteenth range of the tract appropriated as aforesaid. And whereas, the said Abraham Baldwin, being so seized in fee of the aforesaid tracts pf land, by his last will and testament, made the first day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seven, devised among other things as follows ; to wit : I give and devise to my half-brothers, William Baldwin, Michael Baldwin and Henry Baldwin, and to my half-sisters, Clarissa Kennedy and Sarah French, in fee simple, all the lands I own in the State of Ohio, to be divided between them share and share alike, and, after making and publishing the aforesaid last will and testament, the said Abraham Baldwin not revoking the same, departed this life leaving the aforesaid William Baldwin, Michael Baldwin, Henry Baldwin, Clarissa Kennedy and Sarah French vested in fee of the above-described tracts of . land, as by a reference to the above-recited patents and to the will of the said Abraham Baldwin, recorded in the ofSce for recording of wills for the county of Washington, in the District of Columbia, may more fully and at large appear. And whereas, the title to the said described two sections of land hath since, by sundry mesne conveyances and assurances in the law, become vested in the said Henry Baldwin in fee, except two hundred and fifty acres, which has been granted off the northeast end of each section, as the place for locating the same ; now this indenture wltnesseth, that the said Henry Baldwin and Sally, his wife, for and in consideration of the sum of five thousand six hundred and twenty-five dollars, lawful money of the United States, to them in hand paid by the aforesaid Moses Byxbe, at and before the ensealing and delivery of these presents, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged by the said Henry Baldwin, and the said Moses Byxbe thereof acquitted and forever discharged, have granted, bargained and sold, aliened, conveyed and confirmed, and by these presents do grant, bargain and sell, alien and convey and confirm, to the said Moses Byxbe, and to his heirs and assigns forever, one undivided moiety or half part of the above-described two sections of land, after the two hundred and fifty acres above mentioned shall have been taken off the northeast end of each section, for the purpose aforesaid, together with all and singular the improvements, ways, water, water-courses and appurtenanceswhatsoever, to the same belonging or in any wise appertaining, and the reversion or reversions, remainder and remainders, rents, issues and profits thereof, and all the estate, right, title,- interest, property, claim, and demand of him, the said Henry Baldwin, and Sally, his wife, of, in and to the same, to have and to hold the said undivided half part of the above-described two sections, with all and singular, the premises hereby granted or mentioned or intended so to be, to the said Moses Byxbe and his heirs, to the only proper use, benefit and behoof of him, the said Moses Byxbe, his heirs and assigns forever. And the said Henry Baldwin, for himself, his heirs, executors and administrators, doth covenant, promise and agree to and with the said Moses Byxbe, his heirs and assigns, by these presents, that the premises before mentioned now are and forever after shall remain free of and from all former and other gifts, grants, bargains, sales, dowers, judgments, executions, titles, troubles, charges and incumbrances whatsoever, done or suffered to be done by him, the said Henry Baldwin. And the said Henry Baldwin, for himself, his heirs, executors and administrators, doth cbvenant and engage, all and singular, the premises hereby bargained and sold with the appurtenances unto him, the said Moses Byxbe, his heirs and assigns, against him, the said Henry Baldwin and his heirs, and all and every other person or persons whatsoever, lawfully claiming or to claim, will warrant and forever defend by these presents.

Moses Byxbe was a native of Lenox, Berlcshire Co., Mass. He was a man of large wealth for that time, which he had accumulated in the double capacity of hotel and store keeper, and was marked by an energetic, enterprising spirit in business matters. Though not always commanding the love of his fellows, he impressed them with the shrewdness of his foresight, and, by a plausible exterior, secured a social influence which a closer study of his character fails to warrant. In the latter part of 1804, he came to Berkshire, where he owned a large tract of land, as well as in the townships of Berlin, Genoa, Kingston, and Brown. He embarked his whole energies in the new enterprise which had absorbed his capital, making frequent visits to his native State to inierest his friends in the West. In this he was eminently successful, and he soon had the double satisfaction of disposing of the larger part of his real estate in Ohio and at the same time planting a community which had great weight in the political circles of the new State. It was his early aim and ambition to make Berkshire Corners not only the county seat, but the capital of the State, for which there were, at that time, very flattering hopes of success. But his good fortune in disposing of his Berkshire property was the very rock on which the high anticipations of the " Corners " were wrecked, and we find this restless speculator at Pittsburgh, engaged in an enterprise boding no good to the future metropolitan growth of that place. With the purchase of the tract of land in Delaware and Brown Townships, Mr. Byxbe's plans seem to have undergone a complete change. It is probable that this was an unwritten consideration in the purchase, not less important than the pecuniary one expressed in the deed. On the same day, a power of attorney was executed, giving him complete control of the property in question, and leaving him untrammeled in the prosecution of his new scheme. It was not to be expected that such a radical change on the part of Col. Byxbe would be allowed to pass without a vigorous protest. Many of the residents of Berkshire had been attracted there by the probability that the county seat would be located at the " Corners," many others came upon the express promise of Byxbe to that eflFeot, and an earnest and bitter struggle was begun to secure it. Fortunately for Mr. Byxbe's success, he had a considerable following, made up of those who were under obligations to him in various ways, and whose fortunes lay in the same scale with his. The sulphur spring, which had begun to attract attention, gave a prestige to the location as the probable site of a, famous watering-place, thus adding strength to his cause. Although requiring all his resource to carry his project to a successful issue, the result can hardly be said to have been in doubt. The Special Commissioners fixed the county seat at Delaware, in March, 1808, putting an end to a controversy, the eflfects of which were marked ,in county matters for forty years afterward.

The first settlement made within the present boundaries of Delaware was by John Beard, in the southern part of the township. On the 2d day of December, 1807, he bought of Benjamin Ives Gilman, of ^Marietta, Ohio, 624 acres of land, in a square piece, situated on the west bank of the Olentangy River, its southern line forming a part of the boundary line of the township. He built a cabin on the bank of the river, near where the dam is placed, and brought his family there as soon as it was erected. As soon as preparations could be made in the spring, he set about erecting a log grist-mill, assisted by Ira Carpenter, of Liberty (who claimed to have cut the first tree within the limits of Delaware), and made the first dam acruss the river at that point. He operated the mill and made some progress in clearing a place for the planting of corn, though it is doubtful if he ever got so far as to realize a harvest He does not seem to have been fitted to confront the stern realities of frontier life, and, while ostensibly owning a large amount of land, his family were without some of the *ommonest necessities of the frontier cabin. In February, 1811, Col. Forest Meeker came here looking for a home, and,'on the 21st of that month, bought Beard's property. Col. Meeker was born in Rutland, Vt,, and emigrated to Pennsylvania in 1797. Seven years later he came to Chillieothe, but after a year or two left for Kentucky, settling near Paris, Bourbon County. He stayed here about eighteen months, but his wife could not endure the institution of slavery, and persuaded him to return to Ohio, and it was at this time that he purchased of Beard. After engaging some one to build him a hewedlog house, and to " chop over " the five acres Beard had felled, he returned to Kentucky to wind up his business and bring back his family. On the 21st of May following, Col. Meeker returned, bringing his family and household goods in two wagons, and driving two cows. He found the walls of his cabin up and the roof on, but there were neither doors nor windows. They went to the cabin of Mr. Beard, farther up the river, where they were expected, and prepared to stay until their cabin could be made habitable. They had stayed the night previous with Mr. Cellars, in Liberty, and from one cause or another did not reach Beard's until well along in the afternoon. Mrs. Beard had but one cooking utensil, an oldfashioned " Dutch oven," that had lost its cover by some accident. This was before the fire baking bread, a cabbage leaf supplying the place of cover. When the bread was taken out the potatoes were put into it and boiled, the meat fried and the tea made, and it is said by those who partook of the meal that there was nothing needed to add a relish to the fare. On the following morning, Mr. Me^er found his horses had taken advantage of their liberty to return to their old home in Virginia. He followed after them with all haste, but did not succeed in overtaking them until he got to his old farm, where he found only three of the four horses. The site chosen for the house was on the west side of the Stratford road, ju.stin front of the stone house situated. a little distance below where the store now is. He was an energetic man, and soon had his cabin ready for, his family. By the latter part of June, he had four or five acres of corn planted, which, in spite of his fears, an unusually long season enabled to ripen before frost. Game of all sorts stocked the woods, and a plentiful supply of meat could always be secured within gunshot of the house. Fawns were frequently found in the woods, and brought to the cabin. At one time. Col. Meeker had some nine young deer that he kept to kill as they had need of them. Later, in 1811, quite a colony came from Virginia, and another from Pennsylvania, settling all about Col. Meeker's section. Among those from Virginia, were the families of Robert Jamison, John Shaw and Matthew Anderson, and of the company from Pennsylvania were Frederick Weiser, Robert McCoy, Joseph Cunningham, John Wilson and Andrew Harter. In the following year, Samuel Hughs came from Virginia; in 1813, EliasSoribner, and Reuben Ruby from Kentucky in 1814. The early experience of this settlement, while not that of a community provided with all the comforts of modern times, was far different from that of the earlier ones in the county. Saw and grist mills were within easy reach on all sides, roads were practicable for wagons, while store and post office, with a regular mail, put them in possession of such luxuries as they could afford. The finest farming lands were found along the margin of the river, and this fact infiuenced the location of the early farming community. Robert Jamison settled on the east side of the river, and his farm is now the property of James M. Jamison. Near his farmhouse stands the original log cabin built in 1811, now used as a shop. The settlement in the north part of the town was a year or two later. Somewhere about 1812, John and Henry Worline bought land on the east side of the river, and stayed for three or four years, when they sold out and moved further north in the county. Here, also, in 1814, came Albreight Worline with his family of four boys and two girls, and built a cabin on the spot now occupied by the residence of William Siegfried. The boys were each old enough to "make a hand" in clearing the farm, and the woods soon gave way before their sturdy blows. As the prospects for a home grew brighter, the thoughts of the older boy, Samuel, turned to his native State, where he had left a sweetheart, but, what was more discouraging, her father refused to smile upon his suit. He made up his mind that two were enough for such a bargain, and one night, packing in saddle-bags such things as his sweetheart desired to take, they mounted horses hj had provided, and started for their new home. Their flight was discovered, and, to express the scene in the figure of a more celebrated elopement -

Coming soon after the Worlines, on the same side of the river, and a little north of them, was William Sweetser. He bought out John and Henry Worline's property and built an addition to a single-roomed cabin he found standing on the place. Mr. Sweetser came from Dummerston, Vt., in the fall of 1815, after a forty days' journey through the wilderness. He had a family of five boys and three girls, the youngest child only six months old, when he came into Delaware. The journey was full of such mishaps as breaking the wagons or harness, causing at times a tedious delay of days to effect repairs. The family came in two wagons, Mrs. Sweetser driving a single horse all the way from the East, caring for her young babe beside most of the time. When they arrived in town, they went to the house of Thomas Butler, which stood about where Mitchel & Vogt's store now stands, where they remained during the winter. The next spring they moved on to their farm, where but little clearing had been done. In 1823, he laid the foundations, and partially completed a brick house on the river road. There is nothing now left of the original buildings to mark the spot save an old stone spring house. With the Sweetser family, came the family of Hosea Miller, and two young men, Solomon and Wilder

Joy. In 1817, Kutherford Hayes came from Vermont and bought land in this neighborhood, but took up his residence in town, where he lived until his death. During the years succeeding the war of 1812, settlements began to increase on the farming lands west of the river and abng Delaware Run, among the earliest being the settlements of David Hefner, Abraham Williams and Edward Potter. These names do not include all who are entitled to be remembered as among the early settlers of Delaware. After so many years, it would be surprising if none of the names of those who entered into the labors of the new community should not have been lost. We have, after considerable patient research, secured a list of pioneers, with their native States, and the year in which they came to Delaware. In this list, we hope to have approximated the facts in the majority of cases, leaving any reader better informed to correct it at his leisure. The first thirty-two names are taken from the Delaware poll-book of the first election, held October 11, 1808, and are put in the order of their voting : Thomas Vanhorn, 1808; Asahel Hart, 1808; John Aye, Pennsylvania, 1808 ; Jacob Pilgey, 1808 ; G-eorge Soop, 1808 ; Moses Byxbe, Massachusetts, 1808 ; Peter Ealy, 1808 ; Silas Dunham, Rhode Island, 1808 ; Appleton Byxbe, Massachusetts, 1808 ; Timotiby Squire, 1808, Solomon Smith, Massachusetts, 1808 ; Ira Carpenter, Pennsylvania, 1808; Solomon Finch; 1808; Roderick Crosbey, 1808; Moses Byxbe, Jr., Massachusetts, 1808; William Little, Connecticut,! 808 ; Noah Sturdevant, 1808; Jacob Drake, Pennsylvania, 1808; Nathaniel Little, Connecticut, 1808 ; Thomas Butler, Massachusetts, 1808; Salmon Agard, Pennsylvania, 1808 ; Jeremiah Osborn, 1808 ; Azariah Root, Massachusetts. 1808; Nathaniel Disbury, 1808; Alford Carpenter, 1808; Clark Beebe, 1808; Charles Bobbins, 1808 ; Alexander Enos, 1808 ; Noah Spaulding, Vermont, 1808 ; Daniel Munsey. 1808 ; Josiah Grant, 1808 ; Reuben Lamb, New York, 1808 ; Joseph Barber and John Beard, 1807 ; Paul D. Butler, Massachuetts, 1808 ; Aaron Walch, New York, 1808; Jacob Kensell, Pennsylvania, 1808 ; Frank Smith, Massachusetts, 1808 ; David Smith, Massachusetts, 1808 ; Nathan Messenger, Massachusetts, 1808 ; Adonijah Messenger, Massachusetts, 1808; Erastus Bowe, Vermont, 1809; Jacob Koester, 1809 ; Deacon Anderson, Pennsylvania, 1809 ; George Storm, Maryland, 1809 ; Henry Smith, New York, 1809 ; James DeWitt, 1810; Otho Hinton, Virginia, 1810; Mioah

Horton Howard, Pennsylvania, 1820 ; Richard Evans. Wales, 1820 ; Thomas Wasson, Pennsylvania, 1820; Piatt Brush, New York, 1820; Ezra Griswold, Connecticut, 1821 ; George Rosett, New York, 1821 ; Thomas Jones, Wales, 1821 ; Ralph Hills, 1822; J. H. Hills, Massachusetts, 1822; Bildad Welch, New York, 1823; Amos Fuller, Pennsylvania, 1823 ; Joseph Oviatt, 1823. The settlement of the city ot Delaware was sui generis. Nature had conspired with the aborigines to prepare a site, while the community, linked together by family and business relations, was like a colony fitted and furnished for a career already marked out. The founder and patron of the new town was wealthy, skillful, and wielded a power that "know no criterion but success." The social machinery which he had elaborated to serve his purposes at Berkshire, he transferred intact to Delaware, where it performed its proper functions to the same end. His hand was upon all the sources of power. He had unlimited control of the whole property of which he was part owner, his dependents or relatives filled the larger share of the ofiices in county and town, and for years his will became law. It was under such auspices that the town of Delaware began its career. When the act of the Legislature was passed in February, 1808, erecting the county of Delaware, the town of that name was not in existence on paper or in fact. Between that time and the 7th of March, however, it was platted and .surveyed, but under what arrangement between Messrs. Baldwin and Byxbe, it is now impossible to determine. This plat was recorded on the 11th of March, 1808, and placed the site of the city on the east bank of the Olentangy, including about the same territory covered at present by the city east of the river, though laid out according to the plan which was afterward transferred to the west bank. Here the county seat was fixed by the special commissioners. It is probable that in their hurry to secure a town de jure, the proprietors took little time to canvass the claims of the different locations as a site for the future city. The main object was to secure the county seat in a position that would benefit the two adjacent sections of land lying on both banks of the river. It was thought desirable in that early day to place a town near some stream of water, and to accomplish this object and at the same time be as near as possible to the center of the tract of land, the eastern bank was chosen as the site of the town. No lots were sold here, however, and, influenced by the superior advantages to be found across the river, the proprietors transferred the site to that place, the plat, modified and adapted to the location, being made May 9, 1808. This plat included that part of the present city embraced by Henry, North, Liberty and South streets. The latter street formerly extended west across Liberty and through the outlets. The following explanation, taken from the plat as recorded, will give the plan of the proprietors : " This town is laid off into 186 lots, containing, by estimation, Y7J square poles each, be the same more or less, 6i rods by 12i^ rods, excepting Lots, No. 53, 54, 55, 56, 89, 90, 91 and 92, which by the variation of Williams street from west 17° to the north, from Washington street to Liberty street. The streets which run from north to south are Henry, Union, Sandusky, Franklin, Washington and Liberty srreets, and those running from east to west are North, Winter, Williams, Abraham, Tammany and South streets, which cross the other streets at right angles. All the streets are four poles wide, except Williams, Abraham and Sandusky streets, which are six poles in width. The lots or squares including Delaware Run, or which are not numbered, extending from east to west through the town are reserved for future disposal, or for the benefit of the town as the proprietors may think proper hereafter." The founders evinced their patriotism in the names of most of the streets, the rest taking their names from persons intimately connected with the history of the town. Abraham street was named for the original owner of the property ; Henry, for one of the proprietors ; Williams, for a brother of Henry Baldwin, who had an interest in the property, and Winter grew out of a corruption of Witter, the maiden name of Mrs. Moses Byxbe. These names remain now,save those of Abraham and Tammany, in the place of which are Hill street and Third street. Delaware Run then flowed in its natural course, and Williams street deflected to the north after crossing Washington street to avoid it. The square, bounded by North, Sandusky, Franklin and Winter streets, was given by the proprietors for a burying ground, and for religious purposes ; the square bounded by Abraham (Hill), Franklin and Sandusky streets and the run, was set aside for the public buildings (Spring street was not laid out at that time) ; and a square situated between Franklin and Sandusky streets, through the middle of which Sou£h street extended, was reserved for the parade ground. To Delaware, as thus laid out, the proprietors invited emigration. It was hardly to be expected that one who paid so much attention to details would overlook a matter so vital . to the success of his new venture as that of its settlement, and herein the historian finds the greatest obstacle in the way of unraveling its history. Mr. Byxbe had attracted a number of families to Berkshire Corners by the promise of lands or preferment, and to further the interests of his new project he made the fulfillment of such promises conditional upon their joining the new settlement. Thus the early settlement of the town was made something like the dissolution of the famous " One-Horse Shay,"