Dukes County, Massachusetts - The whole text, 1911 (part 2 of 15)

fected with the Mayhew regime.* He participated in the divisions of land from 1660 to 1676, as a proprietor, including Crackatuxett, Quanomica, Meachemy Field, and the Plains. At the Quarter Court of April 8, 1663, he was plaintiff in a suit against Thomas Jones, and on May 11, same year, had a small grant of land.- Besides engaging in real estate transactions during the following decade, nothing is heard from him in a public way till 1673, when he joined or probably led the opponents of the ISIayhew family in the ''Dutch Rebellion" of that year. His name is the first one signed to the appeal to Massachusetts, and Simon Athearn testified that Burchard was a " principal instigator " of the affair.^ There is no record that Burchard was punished for his part in it, perhaps on account of his great age, near four score, and he apparently continued to reside in the town in quiet possession of his large landed estate for the ten years following. On May 9, 1683, he sold out a small parcel of land, and in the deed calls himself "late inhabitant upon Martins Vineyard," where he had resided the past thirty years of his life.* His son John had long since removed to Norwich, and the father in his old age, then eighty-eight, may have gone thither to live with his son or some of his married daughters.

The marital complications of Thomas Burchard require some explanation. There was a "Goodwife Burchard" who died in Roxbury March 24, 1654-55, and she must have been the Mary who came with him in the True Love!" His second wife was Katherine Andrews, a widow, mother of John Andrews, a linen draper of London, whom he married before 1659, and by this became related to our Thomas Trapp.^ In several papers he refers to Trapp as "my cusen" (nephew) and "my kinsman," and it appears that Trapp was a "cousin" to Andrews. This wife was living on March 4, 1674, whens she signed as witness to John Pease's will, with her husbants,- and Thomas Trapp.^ When she died is not known, but 5t

'Edgartown Records, I, 136, 138, 144, 147. He was a member of the Train Band in 1662, at which time he must have been about sixty-seven years of age.

appears that a third wife named Deborah was in existence for some indefinite time, and like the first she died away from home. The records of Charlestown, Mass., contain entry of the death of "Deborah Burcham, wife of Thomas of Marthas Vineyard," under date of May lo, 1680, and that is all we know about her.^

It is believed that the family enumerated in the passenger list of the True Love represents all his children with the possible exception of a Hannah Burchard, who married in 1653 John Baldwin of Guilford.^

Thomas Burchard' s real estate holdings began with the acquisition of the harbor lot of Richard Smith about 1652, being number five of the "Five and Twenty," which he later sold to Robert Codman. He probably resided there at first, but he acquired from several owners a tract at Katama, whereon he lived the remainder of his life here, as far as known. ^

Upon the Vineyard anno 1669: the Lands and accomodations of Thomas Burchard: my house Lott and five acres I had of John Pease in all I Judge Eighteen acres more or Less, Bounded with the Sea on the East and the Plain on the west, Mrs. Blains Land on the North and South: my Divident Lott with my pond Lott Lying together: my pond Lott I had part of it of old John Folger and part of it I changed with Bland and his wife, a third part I took out of my Devidend Lott: both parcells I Judge to be about thirty acres more or Less, Bounded the Sea on the East and North East the East also, Mr. Butlers Land on the South and West on the plain and on the North Mr. Blands Land: thirdly att Crackatuxett two Lotts the third and fifteen with my thach Lott without Side the fence, that was Containing three acres More or Less: my Land (at) Meeshackett Containing I Judge Sixty three acres more or Less Bound with the Shrubed plain or Comon Land on the North, on the East Comon <and and Isaac Nortons Devident Lott on the South, with the fresh pond id on the west the pond and William Vincents Land: fifthly one ten re Lott (upon the Line) within ili.. general fence more or Less: Bounded on the South Comon Land, on the west Mr. Butlers Lott, on the north the Comon Land, on the East Thomas Butlers Lott, on the north the Comon Land, on the East Thomas Doggett his Land: Sixtly my meadow two acres more or Less which I Bought of Richard Smith Lying att poche on Chappaquidick Island, Bounded on the East towards the Sea on the South with Mr. Butlers meadow and part with the upland, Bounded on the west with the upland and on the north part, a part next WiUiam Vincents meadow and a part upon the upland: two acres more or Less of meadow I had of John Burchard that the town gave him of which John Eadie hath one acre and one Remains mine Still in my Possession att this Day: I have a Shear and a half of fish & alewives att our Common Wares Called Mateckesse wherein are twenty Seven shears upon one half Divided from the heathen as also a Shear and a half of whale in our half with the Endians in the twenty Six Shears: also one Commonage and half Commonage upon all our common feeding for Eighteen neat Cattle with a purchase or Division of any of all our Common Lands.'

John Burchard

The eldest and probably only son of the preceding, came to the Vineyard before his father, and is among the earliest settlers here, being fifth in priority of appearance on the records. His name occurs under date of March 27, 1651, for the first time, when his land at Meshacket is mentioned.- In 1656 he was chosen town clerk, probably in succession to his father, and his fine signature indicates excellent clerical ability, and an education above the ordinary.^ His life on the Vineyard was uneventful, as far as the records furnish data, and it is probable that beyond continuing as town clerk till his departure for another place of residence he was engaged in husbandry at Meshacket. He removed about 1 660-1 to Norwich, Conn., and in October, 1663, was accepted as an inhabitant of that town, where he resided the remainder of his life.^ He was one of the original proprietors (1659) of this new settlement.

He became a prominent citizen of Norwich, serving as its Deputy to the General Court, 1671; Clerk of the Courts,- 1673, and Justice, 1676. He also served as town clerk, 1661 to 1678, a period of seventeen years, almost from his first settlement there. In 1677 he was schoolmaster for the town.^

^Ibid., I, 120. It is to be regretted that the records kept by him are not extant, in the place of the doubtful transcript made in the next century.

His wife was Christian Andrews, whom he married July 22, 1653, during his residence here, and we may indulge the surmise that she was related to his father's second wife (Mrs. Katherine Andrews), or possibly to Edward Andrews, his neighbor at Meshacket/ By her he had Abigail, who married John Calkins; Mary, who married Jonathan Hartshorn; about 165 1 or 1652, Nicholas Butler had resided at Dorchester, Mass., whither he emigrated in 1636 from England. The ship's list names Nicholas Butler with three children and five servants as coming from Eastwell, Co. Kent, in that year, of whom John, who came here, probably with his father, and Lydia who married John Minot of Dorchester, May 19, 1647, are two. The third child is not known, as the son Henry did not reach New England for several years after, perhaps with his mother Joyce, and therefore is not to be counted at that time. Nicholas is first mentioned in the records under date of May 8, 1653, when he participated in one of the divisions of land. Two years prior to that, on Oct. 15, 1651, he had made his "wellbeloved Sonne John Butler" his attorney to collect and pay debts, which may be the most probable indication of the time of his leaving Dorchester and entrusting the settlement of his affairs there to his son. When he came to the Vineyard, he was well into middle life. Though the date of his birth is not known, yet the knowledge existing of his children's ages enables us to proximately fix his birth about the years 1 595-1600, and his age at fifty-five when he took up his residence at Edgartown. That he was a man considerably above the social average is shown by the number of his servants,

'Some family connection will be discovered, probabl_v, between these persons and the Mary Andrews of Norwich, mother of Sarah (Post) Vincent, wife of our Thomas. Hinman state's that Samue' Andrews of Hartford. Saybrook and Norwi'h wn= a brother of Christian (Andrews) Burchard. (Puritan Settlers of Connecticut.)

the fact that his son Henry was a graduate of Harvard College (class of 1 651), and this standing was at once recognized in his new home, for he became in 1653 one of the "five men to end controversies," that is magistrate. The next year he was again chosen and in 1655 he was re-elected and called "Assistant" to the chief magistrate. In all the records he is called Mr. Butler or Mr. Nicholas Butler, a use of which prefix is distinctive. In December, 1661, he was fined for absence from town meeting and "for Going away Disorderly." Beyond the usual duty on juries and an occasional trivial litigation his name does not further appear upon the town records. The following is the account of his landed possessions : -

This is a True Record of the petickeler parcells of Land of Mr. Nicolas Butler, which Lands are upon Marthas Vineyard Partickraly as foUoweth: first my house Lott with that Lott which I Bought of Mr. John Bland: adjoining to it is Twenty acres More or Less with one acre of Meadow I Bought of Mr. Browning, Bounded by the Sea on the East, Mr. Blands Lott on the South, the Plaine on the West, John Butler on the North: with my Divedent att Catemy forty acres, More or Less, Bounded By the Sea on the East, the Sea on the South, Mr. Blands lands on the West, the Plaine the Sea on the North North: More two thach Lotts, one Lying (at) Meshackett Bounded by John Foulger on the West, John Doggett on the East: the other Lying att Monaqua Bounded By Thos Doggett on the West, John Pease on the East: this hath four acres of upland Joyning to itt More or Less: More one Ten acre Lott upon the Line Bounded by Thomas Burchard on the East, the Common on the South, Thomas Doggett on the West, the Common the North: More Two acres of Meadow Lying att Chapequideck Bounded By the Pond on the North Lying over against my house, Mr. Mayhew the youngers Meadow on the South: this Meadow is two acres More or Less: More four Acres of Meadow to two Given to my house Lott and two I Bought of Thomas Joanse Lying on the North end of Chapequideck John Wakefield Now in Possession By his heirs Joyning to Mine is More or Less: More three acres of Meadow one Bought of Peter Foulger and Two of John Pease: this Meadow is More or Less Lying att the East End of Chapequideck Joyning and Bounded By Richard Smith on the North, By John Foulger on the South: with a full Commonage and a Six and Twentyth part of fish and whale: More three acres att Crackatuxett Bounded By Mr Mayhew the Elder and Thomas Birchard.'

His homestead lot was near Swimming Place Point, and consisted of twenty acres. Here he lived having as a next northerly neighbor his son John, from whom descends all of the name on the Vineyard. Nicholas Butler died Aug. 13, 1 67 1, the day after his will was made. That he was an old and feeble man seems to be clearly evidenced by the curious reference to the "mark" which he used to indicate his signature, ''his sight as it were Gon." The will reads as follows: -

This doth testify that I Nicholas Butler Being at present Sound in memory doe Now by this my last will give my Estate Whatsoever that I left after I Shall be buried like a Christian wholly unto my wife Joyce Butler, uppon serious consideration for her to dispose of to hir children and my children as shee shall see good, and hereunto I praise [god] being of memorie as aforesaid Sound. I doe witness with my hand this 12th of August 167 1. This will is witnessed

Mrs. Joyce Butler is By the worshipfuU Govornour and Assistants Sitting in Court this 26th day of June 1672, admitted Administratrix & Executrix uppon the Estate of JVIr. Nicholas Butler deceased.

The inventory of the estate, amounting to ;^92-o-6, is remarkable for the paucity of articles which should belong to a gentleman of his standing in life. It may be that he had given his household furniture, etc., to his children during his life.

Whether his wife Joyce was the mother of all his children is placed in the doubtful category by the apparently careful way in which he refers to "her children and my children," as though she had been a widow with children or that he had children by a former wife. No allusion is made in her will to children by a former husband. She survived as Nicholas Butler's widow for eight years, and died between March 13 and Oct. 28, 1680, leaving an estate valued at ;;(Ji65-2-o, which she bequeathed to her descendants in the following will : -

I, JcMce Butler being through Gods blessing at present, of sound memory and understanding, doe make this my last will, and testament: Revoking all former whatsoever; and first my will is and I will and bequeath to my son Hennerie Butler, my Silver Boule and a carpet, & to each of his three sonnes, one Silver Spoone:

Nextly, I will and bequeath, to my Grandson John Butler, all the brass of the kitchen; and to my Grandson Thomas Butler one iron pottage pott, an Iron Kettle, and my bead, Beadstead, and all the furniture belonging to it, as it is in present use, as two pair of blanketts, two pillows &c - And I Give more to my Grandson John Butler, all the Bead and Beading above stairs:

And Nextly, I will and Bequeath, to my three Grandchildren aforesaid, all my Great Cattle, to be Equally devided among them, that is to say, John Butler, Thomas Butler, and Mary Athearn: Except only that my Grandson Thomas Butler, shall have two more to his part; and one heifer, before the devision set apart, which heifer I doe will and bequeath to my Grandson Samuell Minott:

Nextly, I will and bequeath to my Grandson Thomas Butler, my Dwelling house, with the long Table and hanging Cupboard, and to my Grandson John Butler, my cupboard, and Chest which was Joseph Butlers: and to my Granddaughter Mary Athearn, my Chest and two joint Stools: and as to my Chaires, I give the table Chaires to my Grandson Thomas Butler: the remainder of the Chaires, I leave to be Equally devided between my Grandchildren, John, and Thoinas Butler and Mary Athearn.

Nextly my will is, and I doe oblige my two Grandsons John and Thomas Butler that they shall pay to my Grand Daughter Hannah Chadduck, two hundred weight of fleece wooll, yearly fivety pounds, untill it is payed which is within four years:

And as to Lands, I will and Bequeath, all my lands with the privelledges and appurtenances, to my Grandson Thomas Butler and my pewter, I will to be Devided, as my linnen as abovesaid, viz: between my Grandchildren John and Thomas Butler and Mary Athearn.

And lastly I Appoint my Grandson John Butler to be Sole Execcutor and Administrator, to this my last will, and my will is, and I doe Request my friendes Mr. Richard Sarson, and Matthew Mayhew, to be overseers that it may be performed:

The inventory of the Estate of Mrs. Joice Butler deceased taken by Joseph Norton and Thomas Trapp Octobr : 28th : 1680. the lands and accommodations

William Case

This settler is first mentioned in the records in June, 1652, and on Nov. 11, 1652, he was granted a house lot, with the provision of four years' residence to make it "his proper inheritance.'" This lot for many years after was referred to as "Case's" lot, though the early records fail to show how it passed from his possession. In some way Peter Tallman of Rhode Island became proprietor of a part of it. In 1655 he was sued for slander, fined for a misdemeanor, and placed under bonds for good behaviour. He was living on February 15, 1659, but must have died before July 15, 1659, and on August 22, the creditors of widow Case are given "the priviledge of Daniel Lane's bill for their satisfaction," and an inventory of his estate was returned Dec. 28, 1659, as amounting to £19-6-3." This practically constitutes all that is known of him, omitting some details, and it remains to be shown whether he was related to the William Case, freeman, of Newport, 1655, and deputy from same in 1675.'' In the next century, the first decade, there died on the Vineyard one John Case, who had received a grant of land in Tisbury, 1681, but the author has been unable to establish any connection between the two, though a son of John, named William, probably the eldest, might be suggestive of kinship.

^William Case of Newport, R. I., died in 1676, are two different men. His sons were William, settling in East Greenwich, R. I., Joseph Case, settling in Portsmouth and South Kingston, R. I., and James Case of Little Compton. His wife's name is claimed to be the emigrant William Case, aged nineteen, who came over in the ship Dorset, 1635. His descendants intermarried with many of the historical families of that state.

Robert Codman

The early spelling of this settler's name is Codnam, and the correct form is probably Codenham, which is a parish in Suffolk, England/ Robert Codman appeared first in Salem in 1637, with his mother, and on July 12 of that year the town granted him five acres of land for himself and five for his mother. He held a petty office that year, and was also engaged in a small law suit. In 1639 he removed to Salisbury, where he became proprietor of a ten-acre lot on the Merrimack river.'^ Codman took a wife unto himself about this time, and had a son baptized in Salem, 1641, and a second in Salisbury, 1644, but no information has yet been discovered to show whom he married.^ His occupation was that of a mariner, and he was engaged in coastwise trading, which took him as far south as Virginia. In 1646 he is called "of Conecticot."^ His vessel was, apparently, partly owned by the town of Salem, as the townsmen voted on Sept. 30, 1647, to authorize the sale of the ''barque" Codman sailed in, as the profits belonged in part to the town.'^ Tristram Coffin sued him July 6, 1647, for the loss of merchandise which he was freighting in his vessel, and Richard Arey, late of the Vineyard, was one of the defendants with Codman.^ This association of these two early settlers in Salem, where John Pease lived, is significant, taken in connection with their subsequent location in this town. We next find him at "Har(t)- ford uppon Conecticot river," where Robert Codnam, mariner, executed Sept. 25, 1650, a general power of attorney to his "trusty & beloved freind" Samuell Hall of Salisbury, planter, which he signed with a mark.'^ This indicates his removal

'In the Salem Court Records, Robert Quodnam brought suit against Henry Harwood in 1638, an instance of fantastic orthography, and Quodnam's pinnace is mentioned on the Connecticut river in 1645. There was a John Codman at Salem in 1638, but what relation he bore to Robert is not known.

'There was living in this latter-named town one John Stevens, Senior, who called our Codman "my brother," but as there are no records which show how this relationship came about, it is not known whether Stevens married Codman's sister or vke versa.

to the colony of Connecticut some time before this, probably soon after 1647, and it is of record that he had disposed of his home lot on the Merrimack to his brother John Stevens, Senior/

His residence in Hartford was of short duration, and he removed down the Connecticut river to its mouth, within four years, as on June 19, 1654, Robert Codman "of Saibrooke fort, mariner" conveyed some of his Salisbury land to a resident of that town.^ From Saybrook he removed, within a very short time, to this town, where his old neighbor, Richard Arey, was already settled, and of whom he bought the harbor lot of eight acres on Starbuck's neck, closely adjoining John Pease. On Oct. 31, 1654, Codman received a grant of land from the town, a tract of meadow near Sarson's island, in Sanchacantacket, where for nearly a hundred years, perhaps longer, there was a run of water known as " Codman's Spring."^ His litigious habit seemed to follow him here, as on the abovenamed date he sued William Case for defamation of character, and Codman was found "not guilty of those aspersions which were cast upon him. . . . concerning himself and the wife of Edward Lay."* It is apparent that he continued his business of coastwise trading after his settlement here.^

In 1656, Codman made a deposition about a maritime transaction, and on Jan. 2, 1657, he was granted a commonage of wood and grazing for his cattle.*^ On June 2, 1657, he received another grant of land, and probably by this time had acquired the lot next his, to the north, which afterwards was comprised in the Codman estate."^ He was admitted as freeman on June 5, 1660, up to which time he had drawn no shares of common land in the divisions, but on October 22 of that year he is credited with two shares, his own and "that was William Cases. "^ In 1661 he submitted to the patentees

'Old Norfolk County Deeds. This passed into the possession of George Martin, who is believed to be the father of George Martin of Edgartown (1683).

^Tbid., I, 148. The land sold was two acres, bounded east and north by the green by the meetinghouse and Isaac Buswell was the purchaser. Codman signed with a mark.

*Ibid., I, 147. He had acquired Case's share, probably of the widow of William Case, who died about 1659, but there is no record of the transaction.

government with his son Joseph, and both were enrolled in the train band the next year/ In 1663 and 1664, he participated in the divisions of Felix Neck, Quanomica, and Meachemy's Field, ^ besides being engaged with William Weeks in a law suit, as defendant in "an action of debt to the sum of twenty pounds." On June 6, 1667, he made a purchase of the lot adjoining his own from Thomas Burchard, thus making with the two bought of Richard Arey and Thomas Doggett and the one owned by his son Joseph three lots and a half on the present Starbuck's Neck.^

After this date he disappears from the records, and his decease is inferred thereby, probably before 1676, when Stephen Codman, his son and heir, drew a lot in the division of common land that year. The son Joseph had died also, and as representative of the respective rights of the two, perhaps by a will not now on record, Stephen, the son and brother, sold on Dec. 10, 1678, the family estate to Nathaniel Starbuck of Nantucket, and from that day to this the thirty-five acres thus purchased has been known as Starbuck's Neck.

He left no descendants of his name on the Vineyard, but in the female line through the marriage of his daughter Hepzebah with Nathan Skiff, there are numerous families who can trace back to this pioneer.

Ezra Covell

This person was a later settler at Great Harbor than James, but he had been living at Plymouth probably since 1635, the year he came to New England in the ship "Abigail."* He was then fifteen years of age, and doubtless was in the care of some person as an apprentice till he reached his majority. He bought ten acres of land and a house at Wobury Plain, Plymouth, in 1641, and as far as known, continued to live there for many years. ^ No trace of him has been discovered elsewhere until January 22, 1677, when he was granted ten acres of land near the house lot of James Covell at Meshacket.^

^Edgartown Records, I, 22. In 1678 it was "voted by the town that Ezra Covell shall keep six head of neat cattle and a horse and liberty to cut fire wood on the common."

Whether this indicates relationship of the two is uncertain^ but as James named one of his sons Ezra it may be assumed that they were kinsmen, perhaps brothers. Ezra Covell was a "marchant taylor," and presumably plied his trade here. He served as juror in 1677 and 1681, but nothing further of him appears of record until his death. He made his will April 29, 1696, "aged about 80 yeares," in which he mentions his wife, "formerly Abagaill Trevis," and it is more than probable that there was no issue of the marriage. He directed, in case both himself and wife "should depart the world at one time," the residue of his estate should "be bestowed in bibells or other good Bookes for the use of the children" of Edgartown.^ The widow Abigail did not "depart the world" with Ezra and survived to become the wife of James Pease, April 22, 1706. She was probably the daughter of Richard and Grace (Clement) Trevis of Boston, b. January 8, 1662, and is mentioned in his will of May 17, 1688, as Abigail "Cove."' It will be seen that she was the young wife of his old age.

This person was one of the first comers, and received a grant of ten acres March 27, 1651, on the Meshacket Path, where he built a house and continued to live there till his death. ^ He was admitted as the proprietor of a half share in 1660, and "submitted" to the Mayhew government the next year. He was elected the drummer of the train band at the sam.e time, and served as a juror in 1659 and 1677. His name appears in the records continuously in the drawing of lots, though there is a hiatus, 1664-1682, when it appears but once in any connection.^ In 1687 he was granted twenty acres of land in the New Purchase, the last time his name occurs during life.^ On August 19, 1690, administration of his estate

^Suffolk Probate, XI, 379-381. The original will and papers were examined for the author, and the name "Cove" is written in a contracted form, not in the handwriting of the testator, which may account for the spelling of the name.

^In 1682 "Mr." Covell and in 1684 "Goodman" Covell occur in the records, a differentiation hard to understand, unless one refers to Ezra Covell.

Nothing is known to the author of his wife, either of her Christian or family name. He had three sons, Philip, James, and Ezra, and perhaps some daughters, but if so they are not of record. Through the children of his son James a numerous posterity resided in Edgartown during the next century, but there has been none of the name in town for a hundred years past.

There were Indians who adopted the name of Covell befor.e 1700, and this complicates an already difhcult genealogical problem to differentiate the various James Covells, senior and junior.

John Daggett

Q Q-$^^^>-^^^*'^^9H Doggett-Daggett family gives a full d^ account of the English and American families bearing this name, and the reader is referred to that source for detailed information about them." The name was, undoubtedly, Doggett, and some branches still retain that form of spelling, and our early New England records bear out this view. The family historian , in his review of the English origin of our John Daggett, thinks he may have been the third son of William and Avis (Lappage) Doggett of Boxford, Suffolk, baptized Nov. 4, 1602, but it may be said in criticism of this guess that the names of William and Avis do not appear in any of the immediate descendants of John for three generations, and that is an unusual omission, according to all custom and experience. The first definite knowledge we have of John Daggett is his appearance in Massachusetts as one of the large body of immigrants who came to New England with Governor Winthrop in 1630, settling first at Salem, later at Charlestown and Watertown. He was made a freeman of the colony May 18, 1631, having taken up his residence in Watertown. There he continued to live, receiving his shares in the several proprietors' divisions, until some time about 1646, when he removed to Rehoboth.

'Dukes Court Record, Vol. I. A Covell family resided contemporaneously on the Cape. Nathaniel Covell was among the first settlers at Eastham, before 1700, and Joseph Covell at Chatham about the same time. No connection with our family has yet been discovered, after much research of the records.

Prior to that, however, Thomas Mayhew had become a townsman of his in Watertown, and when the purchase of Martha's Vineyard was made in 1641, Daggett became an interested party, as a grantee, with others of a township on this island in March, 1642. There is no evidence that he came here with the first contingent from Watertown, as his next recorded appearance is in Rehoboth, as stated, about 1646, when he was granted land in that new settlement. He remained in that town as late as the summer of 1648, but how much longer is unknown, as the next record of him is on March 29, 165 1-2, when he was chosen corporal of the military company on the Vineyard. Between those dates he removed here, probably to avail himself of the rights he held in the new settlement by grant from Mayhew. He soon attained to prominence in local affairs, and on June 8, 1653, was chosen assistant to the chief magistrate to manage the business of the island, a position to which he was annually elected for the three following years. It then becomes apparent that he did not get along smoothly with Mayhew, and by 1660 he was entirely at ''outs" with him. This probably arose, as elsewhere explained, from his purchase of the Indians at Ogkeshkuppe of a farm of five hundred acres without Mayhew's consent, though Doggett had been granted the choice of a farm of that size by Mayhew, in 1642, to be located not less than three miles from the governor's lot. How Daggett was fined ;^5ooo and had to sue for his rights, will be related, and his success in retaining the "farm" was one of great humiliation to Mayhew, though the latter was clearly in the wrong. Daggett was one of the townsmen who "submitted" to the Mayhew government in 1 66 1, and in the next two years he is recorded as plaintiff in several civil suits against his neighbors for debts or damages. The last notes of him are in the fall of 1663, as one of the subscribers to the "general fence," and early in 1665 acting as agent for the town in purchasing some fishing rights of the Sachem Tewanticut. Sometime after this he removed to Plymouth, Mass., and it is inferred that the wife of his youth and mother of his children had died here prior to that change. He married, in his old age in Plymouth, Mrs. Bathsheba Pratt, Aug. 29, 1667, probably the widow of Joshua Pratt of that town, and the record of the marriage calls him "of Martins Vineyard." It is probable however, that he had by that time removed to that Pilgrim town which ever after became his home.

Of his first wife we know nothing definite, but the author is of the opinion that the Hepzibah Daggett who signed as witness March 3, 1660, to the sale of the "Farm" from Wampamag to John Daggett was then his wife/ That it could not, in all probability, be the daughter Hepzibah, is based on her age at that date, seventeen years, and on the further reason that Hepzibah Daggett w^as then the wife of John Eddy, and would not sign as Hepzibah Daggett. The daughter was undoubtedly named for her mother, and grandchildren bore this name for John's first wife rather than in honor of the aunt.

This is a true Record of the pertickeler parcells of Land Now in Possession of John Doggett Inhabitant upon Marthas Vineyard: first four acres Lying at the South End of the Lott that he Sould to John Edy and of the Same Lott, Thomas Jones on the South East, the Comon on the South and on the West: Secondly one Comonage Belonging to it: third one Lott of Meadow at Sanchacantackett two acres More or Less Bounded By John Smith on the South East and Thomas Doggett meadow on the North: fourthly Two acres of meadow upon Chapequideck on the further side of the Island from the Town: fifthly one Lot at Cracketuxett Runing from one side of the Neck to the other side of it: Sixly one Lott at Quanomica: Seventhly one Lott at Meachemies his feild: and one Ten acre Lott upon the Line Bounded by John Gee his Lott upon the North East: Eighthly one Lott in Felix Neck: and Ninthly one thach Lott at Wintuckett: Tenthly one shear of alwives and a shear of whale: and Eleventhly one Seven and thirty part of the Meadow that the Town Bought of Tom Sesetom the Injain: all that Land Comonage and Preveledges were granted By the Town to the fore said John Doggett and his heirs and assigns for Ever to Injoy and are now in the possession of the foresaid John Doggett and Recorded by me

His home lot at Great Harbor was the first one south of Governor Mayhew's, and was situated on the west side of the road to the plains as it passes Tower Hill. It was apparently the west half of a lot owned by him and Malachi Browning. It is probable that this was the site of his resi-

'A guess may be hazarded that her maiden name was Brotherton. This appears as a baptismal name in the Thomas Daggett branch as early as 1686, and is used in the Joseph Daggett branch after the intermarriage with Thomas Martin in 1715. Brotherton Martin continued as a family name in Nova Scotia, whither this branch emigrated, until recent years. Hester Brotherton was a passenger for Virginia in the Transport in 1635.

There are but two fragmentary traces of the person who owned one of the "Five and Twenty" lots here very early, being number eight from Pease's Point. He is referred to as '*Mr Edwards" in 1660, whose share as proprietor had become a part of the estate of Thomas Paine, and this lot was mentioned in 1679 as ''formerly Edwards his lot."^ The first name of John is assigned to him as a supposition only, because our Robert Codman had business dealings in 1646 w^ith a John Edwards "of Connecticot, " and in absence of anything more definite this may stand. This is believed to be John Edwards of Wethersfield, where our Richard Smith went, and who may be the John Edwards, earlier of Charlestown or Watertown, 1640, a blacksmith.^

John Folger

One of the most distinguished Americans this country has ever produced, Benjamin Franklin, a great grandson of our early settler, made some investigations into the origin of his maternal ancestors, the Foulgers or Folgers, and concluded that they were of Flemish origin, and came to England in the time of Queen Elizabeth. John Folger, the first of the name in this country, is said to have come from Norwich, Co. Norfolk, England, in 1635, ^^ a passenger in the Abigail, sailing from London, and he may have gone to Dedham, where in 1638 he was proposed at a proprietor. From the age of his son it would appear that he was born about 1590-5, and was about forty years of age at emigration. It is supposed that he brought with him his wife Merible, whose maiden name was said to be Gibbs, and a son Peter, but much of the early history of this family rests on tradition. He next appears as a proprietor of a homestall of six acres in Watertown, Mass., 1642 or 1644, both dates being given by the historian of that town.^

Field division May 8, 1653, and again April 21, 1660, at Crackatuxett, but on Oct. 22, 1660, the share belonging to John Folger ''or heirs" is mentioned, and it is believed this date proximately represents the time of this settler's decease.

On Jan. 29, 1663, the "Widow" Folger drew a lot at Quanomica on his share. He has left very little trace behind him to show for the twenty-five years' residence in New England, and only a nuncupative will recorded March 30, 1665, remains to give us a brief reference to his estate. This will is as follows : -

The Testemony of John Pease Sayth that Goodman Foulger said to him that his will then was that his wife should have that Estate he Left During her Life to use for her Comfortable Living : though she spent itt all for her Livelyhood : this was a Little Be Fore he Sickened and Died. This was as nigh as I can deam about a Month or six weeks afore he Sickened and Died.

The Testemony of Mary Pease the wife of John Pease, Saith she heard Goodman Folger the Elder Say upon his Last Sickness that what Estate he Left his wife should have after him Duering her Life:

The Testemony of Goodwife Arey Before the Town was: she saith that she went to John Folgers when he was sick before he died and saith she heard him say - wife to have all he had as long as she lived. Eleazer to have house and land after his wifes death. Mary to have the Cow presently and another after his wifes death. Nothing to Peter, "because he had spent or Put away so much Before."

His home lot was one of the "Five and Twenty" containing five acres, or a half share, and was situated about half way between the swimming place and the burial ground on Tower Hill. It was held by the widow and descended to Peter, who sold it to Thomas Mayehw, senior. It finally became part of the Thomas Daggett homestead. Mrs. Merible Folger (her son Peter called her Myrable) was probably deceased before 1664, when the house and lot was sold. The children of John and Merible, as far as known, are: I, Peter, b. about 161 7. ?II, Ruth (signed as witness to deed of Meribell Folger, 1663), and ?III, Joanna (signed as witness as above).

Peter Folger

home of this family when they emigrated. In absence of any definite facts bearing on the early life of Peter we may infer that he resided with his father at Dedham and Watertown, and came with him to the Vineyard, although our first record of Peter at Edgartown antedates that of his father by five years. This is in 1647, when he signed as a witness to a document drawn up here October 14 of that year.^ In the years that follow the evidence from the records clearly establishes the superior ability of the son as compared with his father, for the former soon became a prominent person in the community. He had a grant of two acres of land "near the school house," where he undoubtedly taught in 1652, and in

1654 and again in 1655, and about this time began the work of aiding the younger Mayhew in his missionary labor among the Indians of the island.^ He had acquired a knowledge of the Indian tongue in conjunction with Mayhew, and was thereupon employed by the missionary with the approval of the Commissioners of the United Colonies to teach the Indian youths the English language.* It is believed also that he taught the village school in connection with this work. For this service he was paid at first £30 per annum, and later £25 and £20, as the funds of the Society for Propagating the Gospel would warrant.^ He was called the "English scoolemaster that teacheth the Indians and Instructs them on Lord's day." The Rev. Thomas Prince, author of New England Chronology (1736), thus speaks of him: "an able godly Englishman, named Peter Foulger, employed in teaching the youth in Reading, Writing, and the Principles of Religion by Catechizing, being well learned likewise in the Scripture, and capable of helping them in religious matters."^ In this capacity he was in the service of the missionary corporation from 1656 to 1 66 1 inclusive, and was the principal assistant of the elder Mayhew after the departure of the younger Thomas in 1657 on his fatal voyage to England."^

'The senior Mayhew wrote in 1659: "If I should be taken by death, here is hellpe that the schoolemaster (Peter Folger) who hath some languadge," etc. (Letter to John Winthrop, Jr., in 4 Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., VII, 36.)

Peter Folger was becoming ''irregular" in his orthodoxy about this time, and embracing the views of a sect then called Anabaptists by their opponents, and now known with the prefix omitted as Baptists.^ It is probable that this was formally brought before the town for action or perhaps upon his own request to withdraw from the church. The following record under date of Oct. 4, 1659, seems to indicate a sort of dismissal from fellowship of the religious society established by Rev. Thomas Mayhew : -

But he continued his services to the Indians, and laid the foundations of that doctrine among them which they afterwards adopted in considerable numbers before the close of that century. He was a visitor at Nantucket early after its purchase in 1660, and again in 1662, where he was a witness to land transfers. In this latter year he left the Vineyard, and removed to Rhode Island, settling first at Newport and later at Portsmouth in that colony.^ Under date of Nov. 3, 1662, he leased a house and some land in Portsmouth, and a month later the following vote was passed in that town : -

That day [December 3] Peter Folger late of IMartins Vinyard presented to the free inhabitants of this toune of portsmouth a lease of house and land from William Corry, the Assembly doth graunt that the said peter folger shall hauld beinge amongst us during the terme of the saide lease.^

How long he remained in Portsmouth is not known, but it is certain that he began early negotiations for a settlement at Nantucket, for on July 4, 1663, he was granted half a share of land on that island, "on condition that he come to inhabit on Island aforesayd with his family within one year after the sale hereof. Likewise the sayd peter shall atend the English in the way of an Interpreter between the Indians and them."* These moves take Peter Folger out of the sphere of this history,

'Backus, "Church History of New England," III, 167. He joined Rev. Mr. Clarke's Society in Newport in 1675, and is considered the first of the Baptist faith on the Vineyard by that author.

'Rhode Island was then a stronghold of the Baptists, under the influence of Roger Williams' teaching, and probably Folger went thither for that reason.

and the story of his later life belongs to our neighboring island, but it will be proper to complete briefly his personal and family record.

He married about 1644 Mary Morrill, who was said to have been attached to the household of Rev. Hugh Peter of Salem, and it is a tradition that the young people met as passengers crossing the Atlantic. Ten children were born to them, all upon the Vineyard, it is stated, except the youngest, Abiah, who became the mother of Benjamin Franklin.^ Peter Folger died in 1690, and his widow survived until 1704.

In addition to the grants of land and shares drawn as stated above he received on Dec. 28, 1659, "ten acres of land next to Nicolas Nortons lot toward the west as the line runs," and these several lots were sold to Richard Arey before Folger left the Vineyard and became part of the Arey estate.^ His home lot was on Tower Hill, north of the cemetery, about the site occupied by the house of the late Sol Smith Russell.

John Gee

There was a John Gee who came to this country in the Transport in 1635, at the age of eighteen years, but whether this man was the John Gee who appeared at the Vineyard twenty-five years later cannot be stated.^

The first appearance of John Gee at Great Harbor, as far as the records show, was on Dec. 23, 1661, when he submitted to the Patentee's government, but it is probable that he had been here some time before. The Boston records contain the birth of a son to him and his wife in May, 1662, so that we may conclude his residence here had lately begun and that the family remained at the former residence. Two years later he was granted land as follows on Aug. 20, 1663: -

Voted by this town that John Gee shall have that lot and commonage which was given to Thomas Trapp: itt forfeited: which lot is ten acres upon the Hne and half a commonage and he to build and inhabit according to the order in fifty two.*

^There was a Peter Gee, fisherman, who was living at the Isles of Shoals in 1653, and was of Boston in 1667, who may have been a brother of our settler. (N. H. State Papers, XVIII, 151. Comp. Savage Gen. Diet. art. Gee.)

^'to divide the fish" caught at the town weir/ This seemed to be his occupation for some time, as on May ii, 1667, the town voted that "John Gee is to have three thousand of fish for orderly dividing of the towns fish every morning."^ He was one of the five men chosen by Chief Magistrate Thomas May hew, in 1667, to dispossess Francis Usselton from Homes Hole Neck, and received as compensation one-sixth part of the land there which remained a part of his estate, undivided, for sixty years. Gee was "lost at sea," and is marked as deceased in the town records, Dec. 27, 1669.' He left a widow bearing the extraordinary name of Hazelelponah, which is a scriptural name according to Webster. She was living at the Vineyard in June, 1670, but had removed to Boston, the next year, when she was received for baptism at the First Church in that town." There she remained for a number of years, until Obadiah Woods, a widower and a baker of Ipswich, met her, proposed, and they mere married. William Harris of Ipswich testified' that he "well remembers Obadiah Woods intermarrage with the widdow Hazelelepony Gee .... that sd Wood brought her from Boston, that it was the Taulk of the Times when she came to Dwell at Ipswich."^ It does not appear what caused this "Taulk of the Times," but it may be surmised that her name was enough to excite village gossip. The late Hon. James Savage, whose monumental work on the dictionary of the early settlers of New England gave him unusual opportunities of meeting with strange names, confessed that it was unique in his experience. As might be expected, the various records spell it in a number of ways, and in later generations it was clipped to Purney! She survived her second husband, and died at Ipswich, where a stone records the last resting place of "Haselelpony Wood widow of Obadiah Wood, died Novem'r the 27, 1714 Aged 78 years,." Hence she was born about 1636, and was first a widow when thirtythree years old. John Gee had the following children by her: I, Mary b. about 1660; m. Thomas Pickering of Newington, N. H., about 1679 and d. before 1730. One daughter was named Hazelponi. II, John, b. May 27, 1662 (Boston). Ill, Anna, b. 1664; m. Samuel Hodgkins of Gloucester,

Mass.; she d. July 28, 1724. IV, Martha, m. Thomas Cotes "in his Ufe time was an Inhabitant of the Island of Marthas Vineyard"; d. before 1730. He left no known descendants on the Vineyard.

Thomas Harlock, Senior

In the passenger list of the ship Assurance, sailing for Virginia in July, 1635, may be found the name of Thomas Harlock, aged 40 years, and whether this be the person of the same name who subsequently appeared at Martha's Vineyard twenty-five years later cannot be stated with certainty, but the name is sufficiently rare to regard it as entirely probable.^ Where he resided after his arrival in Virginia, for the next twenty years, is undetermined. Thomas Harlock is first known at the Vineyard certainly in 1658, as a witness to the sale of the Chickemmo region to Thomas Mayhew, and if the identity is to be accepted, he was then about sixty-three years of age, a few years the junior of the governor, whose daughter he married.^ This was Bethia Mayhew, b. Dec. 6, 1636, and therefore forty years younger than her husband. This is not altogether an improbability, and as he died many years before his wife the circumstances all seem to favor the theory of this union of May and December. While 1658 is the first positive record of his appearance here, yet it is fairly inferential that he had been a resident of Great Harbor for a number of years previous. He acquired the house lot "formerly (John) Wakefields," who had left about 1652, and it may be supposed that he purchased it when the latter removed to Boston.

When he married the governor's daughter can only be conjectured. She was twenty years old in 1657, and as their son Thomas, Jr., was born about 1658 we may assume that this was the probable date of the nuptials. Harlock's home was on one of the harbor lots, number seven from Pease's Point, in the "five and twenty," proximately located between Cottage and Morse streets as shown on the map. Here were born to him "Thomas and John Harlock and their sister,"

'The name occurs in English records generally as Horlock, and it ma,v be identical with Halleck and Hallock. A Thomas Harlock was of Trowbridge Co., Wilts, temp. 9 Elizabeth and a Richard Harlocke of the same county died about 1644. Widow Joan of Trowbridge, Parish of Studley, made her will in 1645, '^vhich was proved same year by Samuel Ghy. This county is apparently the home of the family.

Thomas Harlock participated in the divisions of the common lands in 1660, 1663, and 1664, and received a grant in 1663 of one-half commonage.^ His name appears on the town records continuously from 1660 to 1664 in various connections, the last time occurring on Apr-'I 26, 1664, when he drew lots in the Felix Neck and Meachemys Field. After that date the name of Harlock does not reappear for twelve years (Feb. 14, 1676), when it undoubtedly refers to his son Thomas, Jr., who succeeded to the properties of the father. We may therefore place the death of Thomas, Sr., at some time not long after April 26, 1664, at which time he would have been about seventy years old.

His widow Bethia, left with two boys and possibly a girl, the oldest of whom was six or seven, probably remained on the Vineyard. Sometime before September, 1676, w^hen Thomas was eighteen or nineteen years old, she married a second husband, himself a widower a dozen years her senior, Lieut. Richard Way of Dorchester.^ He was a man of substance, had been an officer at the castle, and in 1674 was farmer general of the imposts. At her second marriage Bethia (Mayhew) Harlock was forty years old, and on July 13, 1677, a daughter named Hannah was born, who may be the "sister" referred to by Governor iSIayhew, of whom we hear nothing further.'* Bethia W^ay died four years before her father's decease (which occurred in 1682), and her Harlock children are given many special bequests in the Governor's will. It is further know^n that Richard Way took unto himself a third w'ife, Hannah (Townsend) Hall, who survived him.'

'Edgartown Records, io8, 109, 127, 156. There has been doubt expressed as to whether Thomas Harlock, Sr., ever lived in Edgartown, but this seems to be clear from the fact that his house is mentioned in 1663 (Ibid., 99), and he was a juryman in same year. (Ibid., 145.)

^In 1671 the first wife of Way, named Esther, was living, and it would appear that Mayhew had had business dealings with him, which explains the subsequent family connection. (Middlesex Co. Court Files, XXI, 5.)

*In his will Richard Way states that he had "no reason to believe any of my own children are surviving." (Suffolk Prob. Rec.) Will dated Jan. 2, 1697; prob. Oct. 28, 1697.

prominence in town affairs during his lifetime. The sister, who is nameless, is only known through her grandfather's will, probably died in youth, as her interests do not subsequently appear in any property dealings. John Harlock seems to have been a favorite grandchild, if we may judge from the bequests in the old governor's will. Besides sharing contingently with his brother and sister in certain joint gifts of land at Chickemmoo, Kataymuch (Elizabeth Isles), and in Chilmark, he is given personally a lot on Chappaquiddick, five acres at Nashamoiess, "and all the small allotments everywhere," and as if this were not enough he was to have half of "all lots not mentioned" in his will. What became of him finally is not known, and but one record exists showing that he was here in person to make disposition of his inheritances. On May 9, 1690, he sold one half-share in common lands to John Welch, a mariner of Boston, the acknowledgment being made before Matthew Mayhew, and thenceforth disappears from view.^ Shortly after the above date a John Harlock of Ratcliff in Stepney, Co. Middlesex, England, gentleman, was made the attorney for William Read of New England, mariner, on Oct. 2, 1691, and it is left to the reader to judge whether the Stepney John Harlock was the grandson of the old governor.^ On May 24, 1707-8 Thomas (2d) Harlock sold property as "heir to his brother John," and this undoubtedly shows the previous decease of John.*

The real estate holdings of Thomas Harlock, Senior, besides the harbor or home lot, consisted of a ten-acre lot on the "line" and what was probably his "Dividend Lot" on the plain situated just south of Jones Hill.

In the little settlement of "Bromigum," in Rowley Village, Mass., there lived from 1668 to 1672, one Peter Jenkins; and in 1660 one Sarah Jenkins, aged 43 years, also resided there at the last named date." The woman is believed to be the

'Deeds, II, 46. Welch later sold this to Nathaniel Starbuck, but the date is not known (Ibid., II, 48). John Harlock's name appears as owner of one common share in the town in 1695, but this does not indicate that he resided here. Thomas also is credited with one share. (Town Records, 84.) It is probable that all of John's property went to Thomas by some blanket deed not recorded.

mother of Peter Jenkins, and that he is the person of the same name who first appears in Edgartown before 1675, when his landed possessions were recorded. In 1668, in Rowley, Peter Jenkins was indicted "for profaening the Lords day by Labouring about Bricke," which would indicate his occupation in the manufacture of that article;^ and it is significant that he had a clay pit in this town on the property he purchased as a homestead.^ He was born about 1644, and while a resident of Rowley led a strenuous life which frequently resulted in court proceedings;^ and our Peter Jenkins, early in his career on the Vineyard, began and continued the same unconventional habits, which resulted in like judicial cognizance. On one occasion (1680), while on trial for disorderly conduct, he began to abuse the court (Matthew Mayhew was sitting as Assistant Justice), and on being admonished for "carrying himself in a scornful way," Jenkins "pulled of his coat saying com let me have it, let me be whipt, often itterating the same: the said Assistant bidding the Marshall carry him to Jaill, he answered, I will break it down then."*

The first occurrence of his nam.e on our records is under date of Dec. 31, 1675, when there is an entry of his lands, which were situated "on the south side of Meshacket Path," and comprised ten acres as a homestead.^ In addition to his public appearances indicated above, he served once as a juror (1680), but does not seem to have taken any active part in local affairs. His wife was named Sarah, but nothing is further known of her family, though it is a fair guess that she was the daughter of Thomas Jones, whose property he received in consideration of care and support. He was married to her before September, 1679, and had at least four known children, and a probability of more whose relationship is surmised, viz: Sarah, b. [1675]; Matthew, b. [1681]; Thomas, b. [1683]; Joseph, b. [1685]; the dates being estimated. There is no record of the death of himself or wife, nor any settlement of his estate. He was deceased before Aug. 18, 1707, when his house and lot was divided between his son Thomas

*Dukes Court Rec, Vol. I. June 30, 1680. The identity of Peter Jenkins of Rowley and Edgartown seems to be quite well established from these court proceedings. After 1672 there is no further record of him in Essex County.

and Thomas Harlock/ It is possible that he may have died off the island, as two of his sons, Matthew and Thomas, resided in Nantucket and Boston. The name was perpetuated on the Vineyard in the line of his son Joseph until after the Revolution, when the grandsons removed to New York state. None of the name have been residents here since that time.

Thomas Jones

came to New England in the great movement following the settlement of Boston. As a number -of our pioneers were identified with New London, the Thomas Jones who had a lot granted there in 1651 and forfeited," may be the one who is first mentioned in our records the next year as grantor of a lot "that was given him .... ccontaining to the estimation

This indicates a prior residence of some period, long enough to acquire a title to a grant. The records show frequent appearances in court as plaintiff or defendant in suits at law, and these references indicate that he was a weaver.* He signed the submission in 1661, was chosen clerk of the Train Band same year, and served as juror in 1663. He joined the "Dutch Rebellion" of 1673, and signed the appeal to Massachusetts, but does not appear to have been punished therefor. In May, 1676, he transferred all his real and personal property to Peter Jenkins in consideration of care and maintenance during the remainder of his natural life.^ How long he survived is not known, but he died before April 28, 1687, when the widow Jones is mentioned as a town pauper.*^ She was living the

^Thomas Jones, a tailor of Caversham, Oxfordshire, with wife Ann, came to New England in 1638 and lived in Hingham and Hull, where it is stated that he died about 1 681. Our Thomas had a wife Ann.

'Dukes Deeds, II, 143. The reason for this, aside from the usual inference of age and feebleness, is not apparent. Jenkins may have been his son-in-law or a relative.

Thomas Jones lived on the hill which bears his name, south of Cleveland Town, sometimes called Mill Hill. He owned a half share in the proprietors' divisions, which fell to Jenkins, and was later sold to Gershom Dunham.^

John Marchant

The first of this well-known family to acquire proprietary interest here was John Marchant, who had a grant of ten acres "on the right hand of Sanchacantucket cart path, near the cart path that goes to Mortall's Neck."^ He had been before that time a resident of Yarmouth, Cape Cod, where his father, also named John, had settled between 1645 and 1648.

Marchant, as a family name, is probably of French origin, derived from "marchand," a trader or merchant, from which our English word is obtained. The name is not of very frequent occurrence in England. Thomas Marchaunt of Colchester, Essex, 1392 to 1436,^ temp. Richard II and Henry VI, is the earliest recorded instance known to the author, and a pedigree of one family living in Sussex has been published.* The author found also in Wiltshire, the wills of various persons of the name from 1592 to 1674, recorded in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury,^ while scattering references occur in other counties about the period of the early emigration to New England.^

The first of the name on this side of the water are two planters at Barbadoes, in 1635, William and Silas Marchant, and as the name Silas occurs quite early (1722), in our island family, the origin of the Vineyard Marchants might be looked

^These were all original wills on file in the Bishop's Consistory Court, Sarum, at Somerset House. The testators were John, of Marlborough, March 28, 1592; John, of Tilsed, March 16, 1604; John, of East Knoyle, June 17, 1625; Thomas of Westbury Leigh, July 9, 1647; and Tristram, of Warminster, Sept. 18, 1674. A correspondent recently informed the author that there were many Marchant wills recorded at Wells, CO. Somerset.

*There was a John Marchant of Georgeham, Devon, in 1620 (P. C. C. Soame, 45), and Walter Marchant, haberdasher, of Bristol, Gloucestershire, in 1640. (Lechford, Note Book, 209.)

for at that source/ The first one found in New England is John Marchant, who was admitted an inhabitant of Newport, R. I., June 2, 1638, but did not remain long there as he is found next year at Mount Wollaston, Braintree, where on February 24, 1638-9, he was granted eight acres for two heads, that is himself and another male.^ He had brought with him a wife Sarah and a son to the new settlement, and shortly after, on Dec. 3, 1638, his wife died. Contemporaneously a Wilham Marchant is found at Watertown in 1641,' and thither our John probably removed as early as 1642, and in 1645 he is mentioned as of that place. ^ Once more he removed, this time to Yarmouth, some time before 1648, as on June 7th that year he was chosen as constable for the town, an office that presupposes a residence of some duration. How long he resided there or when he died is unknown. He appears in court twice, once as plaintiff and once as defendant, and probably he was dead prior to 1670, when his son John, who by this time had married, was promoted from ensign to be lieutenant in the militia, and is called "Senior."'^

The second John continued to reside in Yarmouth with his family, and is frequently mentioned on the records usually by his military title.* He was "rated" in the town in 1676, for "the late war" (King Phillip's), and was in the list of townsmen in 1679.' It is not known whom he married, nor the christian name of his wife, but he had taken a wife before 1648, when children are recorded to him in the Yarmouth town records beginning that date. In 1682, as above stated, he received his grant of land in this town, but whether he came here to reside is uncertain.*^ It is the author's belief

*Pope, Pioneers of Mass.; N. E. Gen. Register, VIII, 56. William Marchant may be the Barbadoes planter. He removed to Ipswich, where he died, Sept. 4, 1668, and is the ancestor of the Marchant family of Gloucester and other towns in Essex County. It is significant that one of the Yarmouth family went to Gloucester for a wife in 1719.

'Plymouth Col. Records, VII, 60; III, 36. In the natural order the elder John would not begin a military career in 1664 and be promoted in 1670, hence the belief that the first John died before the last named date.

'There is a singular absence of records connected with this family which makes so much conjecture necessary. Taken in connection with the loss of the Barnstable County Land records, by fire, Oct. 22, 1827, Ayhen 93 volumes of deeds and three volumes of wills were destroyed, the task of piecing out the pedigree is diffjcult.

that he came here to live, as the grant would have been forfeited for non-residence, while it was retained as belonging to him and his estate for ten years.' His daughter was already living here, and three of his sons were here at this time." When he died is not known, but some time before 1693 is the probable date.

The next of the name who is certainly known to have made a permanent settlement in this town is John*, who was, in all probability, the son of Abisha of Yarmouth, though proof is lacking.^ This John is the definite head of the Marchant family of Edgartown, and he acquired his first property here by purchase, April 8, 1707, when he bought a harbor lot, just south of Burial Hill, of Joseph Ripley." He was then a young man of twenty-seven years, and had just married his first wife. In 1711, he lx)ught the so-called "ministerial lot," and both of these were retained by him for over half a century, and descended to his sons Silas and Abisha. His life was uneventful, if we may judge from the entire absence of his name from the records, law, probate and court. Beyond serving as juror in 1722, 1730 to 1734, he attended strictly to his private aft'airs, and died February, 1767, at the ripe old age of 87 years.

Matthew Mayhew

He was the oldest son of Rev. Thomas and Jane (Paine) Mayhew, and was born in 1648, undoubtedly in Edgartown. Of his youth, up to the time of the death of his father in 1657, we have no knowledge, but after that unfortunate event, the widow wished to consecrate Matthew or one of his brothers to the work in which their father had acquired such an enviable reputation. Acting on the advice, presumably, of the elder Mayhew, it was de-

^Joseph in 1682, Christopher in 1685, and Abisha in 1693. Joseph bought five acres of William Vincent, near the cemetery, in 1698, and sold it back in 1707. (Deeds I, 140, 146.)

termined to educate Matthew so that he might follow in the footsteps of his father. It is probable that his brother John was also to be dedicated to the same work, for in August, 1658, the governor wrote to the Commissioners of the United Colonies asking assistance for "my daughter and her 6 children," and further requesting them to "find a way to keepe two of the sonnes at schoole." The Commissioners acceeded to this request for the relief of the widow and for "Keeping her eldest son att scoole to fitt him for the worke." He must have begun these studies early in 1658, as the Commissioners' accounts for 1659 contain the following item: -

The young student continued his studies at Cambridge for four or five years, as shown by the following items, which are taken from the accounts of the Commissioners of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel among the Indians of New England : -

And whereas Matthew Mayhew is devoted by his parents to the worke and a considerable charge hath for his fathers sake bin expended on him; the Commissioners expect that together with his other learning hee apply himselfe to leame the Indian Language having now an oppertunitie to attaine the same, otherwise the Commissioners wilbee necessitated to consider some more hopeful way for expending the stocke betrusted in their hands.

How long he continued as a student at Cambridge is not known, but probably not beyond the dates above quoted, showing expenditures on his account. Upon his return to the Vineyard, he devoted himself to the task of learning the

One whereof is the son of that Reverend and Good man Mr. Mahevv deceased whoe being borne on the Hand of Marthas Vineyard and now grown to mans estate and there settled, is an hopeful! young man, and hath theire Language p'fectly.

But it is evident from our knowledge of his future career, that the ministry was not his sphere. His younger brother John inherited the saintly character of the missionary, and followed the work of his father on the island as a substitute for Matthew; and doubtless the substitution was agreeable to the inclinations and temperament of both. As Matthew grew to manhood he developed business qualifications which made him useful to the aged governor, and it was in line with family custom for the eldest to succeed to the estates and temporal management of them. That he did not, however, entirely forget his obligations to the Commissioners appears from a statement of the governor in 1675, in which he says: *'I praise God two of my grandsons doe preach to English and Indians Mathew sometimes and John the younger."

His first appearance in political affairs, in which he was destined to exercise such an important role for the rest of his life, was in 1670, when he was sent to New York by his grandfather to wait upon Governor Lovelace in respect to submitting to the jurisdiction of the Duke of York over the island. He was then about twenty-three years of age, and from that time he was exclusively identified with the executive management of the Vineyard and Nantucket. On July 5, 1671, when the government of the island was provided for, he was commissioned as collector of customs "in & about Martins Vineyard with places adjacent." This was the first of the offices held by him during the forty remaining years of his active life.

He was the first secretary of the General Court of the Vineyard held in 1672, and one of the assistants to the Governor. He also held at different times the office of Register of Deeds (1672), High Sheriff (1683), Judge of Probate (1697), Register of Probate (1685), besides continuous service in the office of Justice of the King's Bench. In 1682, upon the death of the aged governor, he was commissioned "in the stead of that worthy Person Mr. Thomas Mayhew his (grand) father Late Deceased to be cheife supplying the Defect by another of the Name." While not specifically designating him as governor, his functions were identical, and he is termed in the Provincial Records as '^ Chief Magistrate " of the island.

His administration of the public affairs of the island was not only as vigorous but equally as tactless as that of his predecessor. All the elements opposed to his grandfather continued their opposition to him and the Mayhew family. In particular, Simon Athearn of Tisbury renewed his assaults upon him as the representative of the reigning family, and these attacks, ranging over many years, often partook of a personal character. In these contests Mayhew was generally successful, as he could control the local courts and other tribunals through his political affiliations and family influence. When the jurisdiction of New York ceased and Martha's Vineyard became a dependency of Massachusetts by the charter of William and Mary in 1691, Mayhew was not favorable to the change; but bowing to the inevitable, he finally accepted with as good a grace as possible, the new order of things, and on Dec. 7, 1692, was newly commissioned as Justice of the Peace with two others of his family. He thus aligned himself with "those in authority," and maintained, ostensibly, amicable relations with his new superiors. That this acceptance was only a matter of policy has appeared in the narration of the political relations of the island with the Massachusetts authorities, immediately following the transfer.

Matthew Mayhew was a versatile man and through his early training was probably the most cultivated person, intellectually speaking, on the island in his time. He utilized his leisure moments in writing the first book relating to the island, and published it in London in 1695. Thus he has the distinction of being the earliest author in the bibliography of Martha's Vineyard. This volume gives a most interesting and authentic account of the Indian tribes of the island, their manners, customs, and the progress of religion among them. It has been quoted at length in another portion of the work, and extended reference will not be made to it here. It was customary in those days for men in all walks of life with literary aspirations, to write upon a religious topic, and when Matthew Mayhew selected as his subject and title, ''The Conquests and Triumphs of Grace," and had it attested by several clergymen, it does not necessarily follow that the author was a "religious man" in the accepted sense of the word. Indeed, we have evidence quite to the contrary within a few years of his pious references to the "success which the gospel hath had among the Indians of Martha's Vineyard" and the "state of Christianity in other Parts of New England." The following amusing statements concerning his religious, or lack of religious beliefs, doubtless let us into his real opinions, rather than the stilted sentences of his published narrative. While the information came from his ancient opponent, Simon Athearn, yet he had corroborating witnesses to the conversation. The old warrior of Tisbury, under oath, made the following statements: -

That on the i6th of March, 1697-8, major mathew mayhew, & Mr, Joseph merion com to sd. athearns house, at marthas vineyard, then sd athearn asked what newse & said he heard there wase to be a publice fast this weeke - then major mayhew pulling som papers out of his pocket, said, he would read it - and reading, made a stop - - & said, what a redicolas thing is this, that thay should order a fast, for a man that thay did not know whether he was in the land of the living, or no, - sd athearn saied, you have not heard the ship is Cast away, have you? the major said no - but he did not know what security a Governor have of his life, mor then another man * - sd athearn said no) but hopet they were well, & said he thought the Liuetenant Governor & ye Gentillmen of the Councill did much desier his Lordship the Governor were safe a rived, and thought thay did well to pray for him - then major mayhew said, what a redicolas thing is it, when halfe the men of the Country had wrather he were hanged than ever come here to my knowledg, -

But the author of "Conquests and Triumphs of Grace" did not stop there. According to his brother-in-law, Benjamin Smith, "Major Mayhew have said viz: that ther was no such thing as fall of man for man is naturally Inclined to virtue: And that Religion is so Redicolas a thing that seaven thousand of the wisest Gentelmen in London had declared themselves to be athe(i)sts."

In addition to the above, Thomas Butler, then constable of Edgartown, is reported to "have said that when he would have shewed our most Gratious Kings most Royal proclamation, against vice and imorallity: Major Mayhew then answered & saied that he had scene it all redy And take but the Kings name from it And its fit only to "*

'This reference was to a Fast ordered by the h'eutcnant-governor for the safe voyage of the Earl of Bellomont, the newly appointed governor, who arrived in New York, April 2, 1698, from London. He acknowledged the efficacy of the prayers offered up for his safety in a letter to the Massachusetts magistrates. (Sewall, Diary, I, 477-)

'The remainder of sentence is omitted on account of its vulgarity. These depositions are on file in the Suffolk County Court Records, Case no. 4605.

Notwithstanding these imputations upon the character, loyalty, and religious sentiments of Mayhew, he had previously laid the foundations of a reputation for piety in his book, which doubtless stood him in good stead on the occasion when he had to explain these charges of "heresy and schism" before the magistrates of Boston,

He was Lord of the Manor of Tisbury from 167 1 till his death. He resided in Edgartown, where he was born, and was the first citizen of the town and county for more than a generation. His home was on South Water street on the "entailed lot," but the house is not in existence. It was probably situated several rods north of the present "Old Mayhew House." He married Mary, daughter of James Skiff of Sandwich in 1674, and she died in 1690, aged forty years. He died May 19, 17 10, aged about sixty-two years, leaving four surviving children.

Andrew Newcomb

This settler came to Edgartown about 1676, from the Isles of Shoals and Kittery, Maine, where he had resided for about ten years previously.^ He was born in 1640, and probably was the son of Captain Andrew Newcomb of Boston, a resident of that town at least as early as 1663 until his death in 1686.' Our Andrew brought with him to Edgartown six children by his first wife Sarah, who may have deceased prior to his coming, as he married shortly after, Anna, daughter of Captain Thomas Bayes. He bought a ten-acre lot of land, Feb. 13, 1676-7, of John Daggett, and a half share of commonage formerly granted to John Freeman.^ The death of his father-in-law, early in 1680, made him an heir to the Bayes lot on Main street, of which in right of his wife, he acquired the northern half and there made his home.

^Boston Town Records. Captain Andrew Newcomb married in 1663, for a second wife, Mrs. Grace Ri.x, widow of William, by whom he had Grace, born Oct. 20, 1664. This daughter m. (i) James Butler, 1682, and (2) Andrew Rankin of York, Maine, Oct. 15, 1692, brother of Mary Rankin, the wife of Paine Mayhew of Chilmark. Captain Newcomb made his will Jan. 31, 1682-3, which was probated Dec. 8, 1686.

His other principal holding was Job's Neck. He became one of the prominent citizens of the town, both in civil and military affairs. He served as juror, 1677, 1680, 1681, 1700, 1703, 1704; constable, 1681; tithingman, 1693; selectman, 1693, 1694; lieutenant of the militia, 1691; and was in command of the province fortification that year by commission from the Duke's government.^ When the Massachusetts charter of 1692 took in the Vineyard, he was proposed for the new chief justice, but the Mayhew influences were against him and he w^as not appointed. He died between Aug. 20, 1706, and Oct. 22, 1708, leaving a widow and nine additional children. The sons removed to Connecticut and the Cape and the family was extinct here before the close of the 19th century.

Nicholas Norton

probably in England, although the place of his nativity is not known. ^ It will probably be found upon investigation that he emigrated from Somersetshire, and perhaps came from the vicinity of Batcombe or Broadway in that county, and there is some reason for inferring that he was one of the party of colonists accompanying the Rev. John Hull in 1635 to New England.'* He first appears at Weymouth, Mass., in 1637, where he married his wife Elizabeth, and in which place he maintained a residence for twenty years prior to his removal to the Vineyard.

That he was of a social station somewhat above the average appears from the fact that he kept a servant, whose "miscariages" brought the subject of this sketch into trouble in 1658 with the magistrates of Massachusetts. The following

'N. Y. Col. Mss., XXXVII, 230; Edgartown Records, I, -^,2,, 37, 39, and Dukes Court Records, Vol. I. In 1688 he was indicted for taking the Hfe of his son Andrew but the jury found no bill It was an accidental death.

'There is a will of Robert Norton of Wells, Somersetshire, dated Sept. 29, 1590, who mentions his nephew Nicholas. (17, St. Barbe.) This is too early for our settler, but may be a clue to the family.

*Rev. Mr. Hull brought twenty families from the vicinity of Batcombe and Broadway, and in 1639 Nicholas Norton had some business dealings with one Standerwyck, a clothier of Broadway in the County of Somerset. In 1640 he had a suit at law with Parson Hull.

That whereas yor poore peti'or stood engaged to the Treasurer in the sume of five pounds to bring in his servant to a County Court held at Boston to give answer for sume miscariages Comitted, which accordingly he did, at which Court yor poore peti'ors servant was also pr'sented by the grand- Jury either for the same or for some other offences, the Court was then pleased, to deferre the Issue of the Case, & to require the Coutynuatio of the sd bond of yor poore peti'or, where upon he did agayne engage himselfe in the foresd sume to bring in his sd servant to the last Court of assistants, but in regard he was under a pr'sentment, expected to have him sent for by warrent & that wittnesses should also have bin sent for to prove the same as is usueall in case of pr'sentments, where upon yor poore peti'r, through Ignorance of the manner of Courts p'ceedinges in such Cases hath forfeited his foresd bond.

Now although yor peti'r cannot blame any but himselfe, yet is bold to Crave the favour of this Honrd Court, that the forfeiture may not be required of yor poore peti'r, but thort you would be pleased (out of yr woonted tendernes in offences which p'ceed meerely out of Ignorance, to remitt the same or so much of it as in yr wisdome you shall thinke meet, hopeing you will the rather be moved hereunto considering the great loss yor poore peti'r hathsustayned in the service of the Country in Collecting of the Country rate which he hopes is yet in yor mynds, & that the delinquent is ready when required suffer the Just sentence of the Court according to the merritt of his offences, which if the Lord move yr harts to grannt it will abundantly engage yr poore pet'r ever to pray.'

Of his life in Weymouth but little is worthy of mention. He shared in the division of lands in i65i,andwas constable in 1657, ^^ office of some distinction in those times. Two years later he was still called "of Weymouth," and in the same year his name first appears in the records of Edgartown. This may be taken as the probable date of his removal to the Vineyard. He was chosen a referee to represent the town in its controversy with John Daggett respecting his farm at Oak Bluffs.

On Aug. 22, 1659, "Goodman" Norton was granted "a Lott of forty acres of Land" and on the same day it was "ordered by the town that Goodman Norton shall have Liberty to make use of any Pond about the Ox Pond for his Trade, except the Great Ponds." It does not appear what trade Nicholas Norton followed, but the use of ponds suggests that he may have been a tanner. Before the end of that year, he was engaged in two lawsuits as a plaintiff and a defendant. He was sued by Henry Goss in that year and was mulcted in the sum of five shillings "for charges about the cure of Mr. Gousse's child: to pay one half in Wampam current and halfe in corne and five shillings to the constable for the Tryall about the abuse of Mr. Gousse's child." The exact nature of this suit at law is not clear from the records. In that same year he sued the Rev. Mr. Cotton, missionary to the Indians. In 1661 he was one of a committee to buy land of the Indians for the use of the town. In 1662-63 and 1669, he again appears in litigation with various townsmen, and if not a pattern in this respect, his fence was deemed the pattern and lawful standard to which others were required to conform in the maintenance of boundary fences in the town.^ In 1666 he was forbidden by the proprietors of the fish weir from taking any fish at Mattakeesett Creek, the right to which he claimed by purchase from the sachem Tewanticut, "contrary to our patent," upon a penalty of ;^5 yearly so often as he disobeys the order.^ In 1673 he joined in the "Dutch Rebellion" with others of his townsmen, and when it had collapsed he was tried and convicted. The following: is the record in the case.: -

Whereas Nicolas Norton upon Commission from the Right honorable Sr Edmond Andros Knight Governor of New York &c hath beene before the Court legally convicted of oppugning the Government established here under his ^Nlajestie wherein he acknowledgeth that he is ashamed and Sorry in his heart that he was Misled therein and hopes he shall be more careful for the future: The Court by virtue of the said Commission do adjudge the said Nicolas Norton to make a publique acknowledgment of the same at this Court and at the next quarterly Court holden at'Marthas Vineyard: or to pay the summe of fift}- one pounds as a fine to the Country.'' forty-acre grant situated north of the Great Swamp and south of the present road to West Tisbury. He was an early owner of land at Sanchacantackett in the vicinity of Major's Cove, where his descendants for two centuries resided and improved that beautiful estate. These purchases were made of the Indians Wampamag or "Sam" and Thomas Sisseton, both of which are unrecorded, though it is said that the original deed from "Sam" was in existence in recent years in the hands of a descendant. It is not believed that he ever resided on this property. He also held the usual proprietor's shares in the various divisions of town lands, besides a plot of meadow land at Aquampache. At the ripe age of four score years Nicholas Norton died, leaving four sons and six daughters, at least two of whom were born in Weymouth. Following is a copy of his will dated April 17, 1690: -

The last will and testament of me Nicolas Norton Being very weak in body but of perfect understanding and Souend memory After my death and desent Christian burial : I give and bequest my worly good as foloeth : -

Secondly I give my Son Benjamin Norton all my medow at Saniacantick as also my medow at Morthals neck beach from the Crick dug into the Great pond westward as also my now dwelling houes and all my land aioyning to my Sayd houes after the deces of my wife Elizabeth Norton as also my lots at quompasha with all my devided land Elsewhere: provided my Sayd Son Beniamin deliver up his now dweling houes to my now wife Elizabeth Norton with the land aioyning to the Sayd houes: to be at my Sayd wifes sole will and pleseuer to dispose of at or before her desese. as also all that medow I have from a Creek to Izak Norton Medow

Seventhly I give to Elizabeth Norton my wife all my Catle Coues oxen Steeres & Sheepe also all my hors kind & furder I give my Sayd wife Elizabeth Norton all my houeshold goods Beding pewter bras Iron tin wood wood as Chests trunks tables Chayers and all other things not named, also all yjlowes Carts Chayns yoks and all other utensells with all lumber: furder 1 leve my Sayd wife to give my dafter pese and my dafter wil (Wollong or Williams) and my dafter Stanbridg & my dafter Butler Something to Every one of them as much as shee sese cause: as also my dafter huxford to her my wife knows my mind

His widow did not long survive to carry out the provisions of her husband's will. She died a few monthes after him, between June 8, the date of her will, and Oct. 8, 1690, when it was proven in Court. The following is a copy of her will: -

The Last will and testament of me Elizabeth Norton widow I doe give to my fouer dafters named in my husbons will, five Shillins to Each of them.

I give that houes & land to Ester huxford that my Son benjamin Norton lives in and to be delevered before his Entering into mine I dwell in acording to my Said husbons will & mind he left with me to performe & I give my Sd dafter Ester huxford that pese of medow laying between Izak Nortons meadow and the medow of Moses Cleveland nere Mortols Neck. Then my will is after my death Christian buryall & funerall Rights be performed first I give that pese or parsoU of medow laying at a place Caueled Manadoo to my Son Joseph Norton

Secondly I give to all and Every on of my gran-Children on Shillin in money to Every one of them and to be pa yd wthin ten days after my buriall thirdly I give all my lands houeses medows fences Commons Cattle Sheep horses and horskind & monys with all my household goods as beding & bed furnyture with all my Chests trunks tables Chayers with all my pewter bras Iron and tin vesels with all my plews Carts Chayns yoks wedges Siths with all other things and goods that is mine to all my Sons and dafters to be Equally devided amongst them to Every on alick Equall portion and sher fourthly I doe apoynt my Son Joseph Norton to be Execitor to this my will to pay all my depts and delever out all my legasys treuly and faythfullv acording this my mind and will.

fifthly I doe Request Richard Sarson to be overser to see this my will performed soe far as he is able : and in witnes to this my will I have put too my hand and Sele the day and yere abof whritin

Whereas by the last will and testament of Elizabeth Norton is mentioned as bequeathed to hester huxford an hous and land according to the will of Nicolas Norton left with his wife sd Elizabeth Isaac Norton

The maiden name of his wife is not known. He married her probably in Weymouth, and she must be sought for in that locaHty. Their descendants have constituted one of the largest families on the island from the earliest times. ^ boy when about fourteen. He was born Feb. 8, 1632, the son of Thomas and Jane [Gallion?] Paine of London. His father was a London merchant, who died after May, 1631, and before July, 1635, by which latter date the widow had become the second wife of the elder Mayhew.^ Thomas Paine, the father, must have been a well-to-do business man, as he owned property outside of London, in Whittlebury, Northamptonshire, and Greensnorton, same county, which descended to the son. The latter estates were declared to be worth ;^i4o per annum, a goodly sum in those days.^ It was this property in part, which led the Rev. Thomas Mayhew to go to England with his brother-in-law Paine, on

^The wife of Sir William Bradshaw had an interest in the Greensnorton property, but though Sir William "challenged some interest during his Ladyes life, yett none to the Inheritance." Mrs. Jane Mayhew went to England in 1642, "to settle her sons Rights." (Records, Commissioners of the United Colonies, II, 165; comp., Lechford Note Book, 117; Aspinwall, Notarial Record, 14, 35, iii, and Suffolk Deeds, I, 86.)

the fatal voyage, when both were lost. Young Paine became of age in 1652, and his name appears in the first division of common land in town the next year. His patrimony had evidently been invested by his parents in the purchase of land on the island, as he owned the largest number of rights in Great Harbor (three) of all the early settlers. He took no part in the public aflfairs of the town or island, in spite of his relationship to the proprietors, and beyond the records of his property holdings nothing about him remains to be said. He sailed for England in November, 1657, with his brother-in-law. Rev. Thomas Mayhew, and as before detailed, the ship was never heard from. He owned the home lot bounded northerly by Main street, but it is not known that he ever married, or lived on it.

John Pease

made it necessary for the author to institute researches in the English Archives and bestow an equal amount of careful investigation of the records in New England, to establish the identity of John Pease of Great Baddow, County of Essex, England, and John Pease of Salem, County of Essex, Massachusetts. These researches have a definite bearing upon the alleged settlement of John Pease and some companions upon our island in 1632, or thereabouts, which is elsewhere discussed; and as part of the collateral evidence in this mooted cfuestion, the results of these searches must have a detailed exposition for the better understanding of the case. In no other instance has so much time and labor been spent.