Hamilton County, Ohio - Chapter 11: Military History of Hamilton County, 1881 (part 1 of 3)

A Brilliant Record

Probably no county in the United States - certainly none in the States that date their origin since the war' of the Revolution - has a more brilliant military record than Hamilton county. In the Indian périod, during the last war with Great Britain, the skirmish with Mexico, and the great civil war, the men of Cincinnati, and of Hamilton county at large, bore full.and honorable part. Their patriotism from the beginning has been clear and undoubted; their readiness to serve the country in any hour of its peril has been equally manifest, whenever the occasion for its'exhibition has come. From Fort Washington, near the old Cincinnati, marched the troops of Harmar, of St. Clair, and of Wayne, in. their several campaigns against the savages of the north country; and hence, much later, moved gaily out, likewise on the Hamilton, road, and one bright May morning, the Fourth regiment of infantry in the Federal army, which formed the main stay of the beleaguered force at the battle of Tippecanoe. From Hamilton cougty went large and gallant contingents in the War of 1812-15 and the war with Mexico; and her contingent in the war of the Rebellion was numbered by many thousands - a very large percentage, indeed, of the entire force (three hundred and ten thousand six hundred and fifty-four men) -recruited in the State of Ohio during the struggle. It is doubtful whether any city in the Union furnished moré men to the Federal cause, in proportion to its population, than Cincinnati.

The record of the entire county, in this regard, is greatly to its honor. -Of one hundred 'thousand two hundred and twenty-four men raised for the Union army in Ohio in .1861, eight thousand one hundred and ninety-two, or very 'nearly one-twelfth, were from this one county. It had at any time, considering its numerous population, but an exceedingly light requisition upon it for drafted militia. The total quota assigned it for draft during the war was but two thousand one hundred and forty-eight, -of which one thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine were furnished in voluntary recruits, and the actual entire draft from Hamilton county, in the four years of war, was but a paltry one hundred and seventy-eight. 'Through some accident, neglect, or failure of calculation - for it cannot have been through inability to procure the men, or other necessity - this -still left the trifling deficit of ninety-five men. But there were only twenty-three counties in all the State that were not deficient in the filling . of their quotas; and six of the counties in which there was a shortage exhibit on their military record, notwithstanding the immense disparity of population, greater deficits than does Hamilton county. The general work and record of the county during the bloody years are' better shown by the statistical history of 1862. Upon the first of September of that year, the number-of enrolled militia in the county was thirty-nine thousand nine hundred and twenty-six, of whom the volunteers in the armies of the Union numbered fourteen thousand seven hundred and hinety-five.. The number then ordered to be drafted was one thousand one hundred and seventy-five; but so rapid were the enlistments, and so many errors were demonstrated in the figuring of the enrolling, recruiting, and mustering officers that the number was more than made good (credits of one thousand five hundred and twentynine men being obtained through volunteers and errors shown), and there was consequently no draft.

At First

In almost the earliest days of Cincinnati and Columbia, as we have seen in chapter IX., and shall see more _ fully hereafter, provision was made for an organized militia. One of the first acts of Governor St. Clair, after the erection of Hamilton county, was the appointment of officers at these two places fora battalion of militia; and the protection and defence of the settlements, and the punishment.of the -marauding and murdering savages, which had before proceeded in an irregular though "effective way, was thenceforth under the eye of the Territorial government. Some of the officers and men of the

1812, and not a few laid down their lives upon the bloody fields. Since the date of their enrollment, ninety years ago, Hamilton county has never been without an organized military force of her own.

About the middle of the year 1790, Governor St. Clair, upon his return to Fort Washington from a protracted tour of 'official duty in the more distant parts of: the Territory, beginning with the creation of Hamilton' county at Cincinnati the previous January, had a prolonged consultation with General Harmar, who had shortly before, in April, led an unsuccessful expedition against the Indians of the Scioto valley. Asa result of the council, it was determined to send a force against the Indians of the Maumee, whose depredations upon the settlements along the Ohio had become persistent and exceedingly annoying. St. Clair accordingly issued circular letters to the militia commanders in Kentucky, Virginia, and western Pennsylvania, calling out their troops to reinforce the regular army for this campaign. The latter formed but two small. battalions, commanded by Majors Wyllys and Doughty, with an artillery company of three field-guns. The Pennsylvania and Virginia militia formed another battalion, under Colonel John Hardin; and the Kentuckians mustered three battalions, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Trotter. Virginia seems not to have sent enough troops to form a separate organization, and the whole force for the expedition consisted of but one thousand four hundred and fifty-three men, of whom only three hundred and twenty were regular soldiers. They were very poorly equipped, having few of the necessaries of military life, as camp kettles and axes; and their arms were generally in bad condition, many of them absolutely unfit for service. Some of the Pennsylvanians had no arms whatever. Not a few old and infirm men and mere boys also appeared among the militia. The temper of the volunteers, too, was by no means good. They were averse to act with the regular troops, and manifested considerable jealousy of them, giving the commander of the expedition, General Harmar, a deal There were also unfortunate quarrels for' precedence among the principal officers of the volunteers, in which they were stubbornly backed by the men of their respective commands.

On the twenty-second of September, Major Wyllys arrived with his detachment of regulars from the garrison at the falls of the Ohio; on the twenty-fifth came Major Doughty with part of the Fort Harmar garrison, and Lieutenant Frothingham followed soon after with the remainder. The last of the Pennsylvanians came on the twenty-fifth. The Kentuckians had not all arrived when the march began; but, as the tardy volunteers were dragoons and mounted riflemen, they were able to overtake the moving column, which they did on the fifth of October.

About the thirtieth of the previous month, General Harmar moved his force from Fort Washington by a route represented to him by his guides as the shortest and best to the objective points of his campaign, and encamped about ten miles from the fort. Had he been able here, as Wayne afterwards was, in the Mill creek valley, to halt for better organization and equipment of his motley command, and for drill and other necessary preparation for the field, a happier story might be told of the result. He decided to go on at once, however; and on the thirteenth of October the little army neared the Maumee villages. Colonel Hardin was detached with a company of regulars and six hundred militia, as an advance party to find the enemy and keep them engaged

S UJ until the main body could get up. "He found the towns ~ abandoned; and when the remainder of the column arrived, on the morning of the seventeenth, they were destroyed, with a large quantity of corn, estimated at twenty thousand bushels, standing in the fields. This was the only real damage inflicted upon the savages by the campaign, and alone redeemed the movement from absolute failure. Colonel Trotter was then sent with three hundred men to scout in the woods, but to no effect; and Colonel Hardin, on the nineteenth, led another reconnoisance in force. Falling in with a much smaller party of the enemy and. being fired upon, the whites, without even stopping to form line of battle, disgracefully retreated in disorder, losing nine militiamen and twenty-four regulars killed. Two days afterwards, the whole army began to retire; but on the night of that day, the twenty-first, Hardin obtained permission to lead another detachment the next morning back to the site of the Indian villages in hopes of finding and punishing the enemy. He did so, and was again defeated with much loss; when further aggressive operations were suspended. The scene of these disasters was near Kekionga, an Indian village opposite the subsequent site, of Fort Wayne. The army returned in an orderly way, by slow and easy marches, to Fort Washington, pursued cautiously by the red men, who did no serious injury. Arrived at the fort, the militia were disbanded and dis- | missed, and the regulars sent again to their garrisons. | Harmar hastened to Washington, resigned his commission, and demanded a court of inquiry, which was put the blame of the failure of the expedition mainly | upon the inefficiency of the militia force and the insuffi- | ciency of their equipment.

In July following, at Governor St. Clair's suggestion, the Kentucky board of war - a body of leading citizens and militia officers authorized by Congress - determined uipon an expedition. against the Elk River Indian towns, in the present Indiana country. It was to rendezvous at Fort Washington, and be under command of Colonel Wilkinson, of that post. On the twentieth of July the Kentuckians duly arrived and mounted, and proyisioned for thirty days, began to assemble at the fort, and on the first of the next month a column of five hundred and twenty-five men began the movement. It marched first upon the Maumee villages, but without provoking an engagement, Wilkinson intending merely to feint in this direction, and on the sixth, after some skirmishing, reached an extensive Ouiatenon village called L'Anguille, on Eel river, near its debouchure into the Wabash. It was captured and destroyed, together with two hundred acres of corn in the milk, a number of Indians being killed and others taken prisoners. Among the latter were the son and sisters of the.Ouiatenon chief or "King," as Wilkinson calls him in the official report. Advancing to the prairies of western Indiana a small Kickapoo town was burned and the standing corn destroyed, and on the

The Indians derived great encouragement from the retreat of General Harmar, although exceedingly exasperated by the destruction of their villages and crops, and they harried the frontier settlements worse than before. Another expedition became necessary to punish them, and also to establish a military post at an important strategic point, near the junction of the St. Joseph's and St. Mary's rivers, at the head of the Maumee. Governor St. Clair, having been made a major-general in the regular army and commander in chief of the forces in the northwest, was entrusted with the command in this campaign, with General Richard Butler second in authority. They began preparations early in 1791, and by the middle of July the first regiment of the Federal troops, numbering two hundred and sixty-nine men, reached Fort Washington. Two thousand and three hundred militia and regulars, most of whom were raw recruits, were soon gathered there, and after encamping for a season at Ludlow's Station (now Cumminsville), six miles from the fort, along which is now "Mad Anthony" street, the army marched, September 17th, to the Great Miami, where the city of Hamilton now stands, and where Fort Hamilton - named, like this county, from the then Secretary of the Treasury - was built by St. Clair's men, a strong, well-constructed work, about one thousand feet in circuit. Leaving a sufficient garrison and resuming the march forty-four miles further, the troops halted again for twelve days, to build Fort Jefferson, six miles south of the present site of Greenville. October 24th the final advance into the Indian country began,-but under many difficulties. St. Clair was seriously ill with the gout, having to be carried ona litter; the men were deserting singly and in large parties; the trails were exceedingly difficult for artillery and wagons; provisions were scant, and the march proceeded very slowly and toilsomely. Only about fourteen hundred men and eighty-six officers remained when the scene of action was reached, on the third of November. This was upon a branch of the Wabash river, just south of the headwaters of the St. Mary of-the Maumee, which was the stream to which St. Clair supposed 'he had arrived. Fort Recovery was afterward built upon the battlefield, and a town of the same name still perpetuates its memory. ry The very next morning, at daylight, the Indians attacked in great force. The first pressure came upon the militia, who, as in Harmar's defeat, speedily gave way, and in their retreat threw two 'of the regular battalions into much disorder. 'The enemy were, however, checked and temporarily driven back, but their fire was heavy and very deadly, particularly among the officers, and the raw troops were soon in precipitate flight, abandoning the camp and artillery, and strewing the line of retreat with their arms and accoutrements. Major Clark's battalion courageously covered the retreat, and prevented the absolute destruction of the columns. The race to the rear was maintained without halt until Fort Jefferson, twenty-nine miles distant, was reached about sunset of the same day. Eight hundred and ninety men and sixteen officers, more than sixteen per cent. of the whole number engaged - were left dead or wounded in this engagement. It is accounted the most terrible reverse the American arms ever suffered from the Indians - even more disastrous than Braddock's defeat.* I+ was but a feeble remnant of the expedition that finally, four days after the defeat, found rest and shelter within the walls of Fort Washington.

Among the killed were General Butler, the hero of the Fort Finney treaty, and second in command of the expedition, Lieutenant Colonel Oldham, and _ other prominent officers. The wounded included Colonel Winthrop Sargent, of Cincinnati, secretary of the Northwest Territory, and the Viscount Malartie, a foreigner of distinction, serving as a volunteer aid upon St. Clair's staff. He had been a captain in the guard of Louis XVI, but left it to join the Gallipolis colony, and volunteered as an aid-de-camp to St. Clair when his expedition reached that point on its way down the river. After the defeat and his wound, which was severe, he had no stomach for more Indian fighting, and soon made his way to Philadelphia, and thence back to France.

Colonel Wilkinson succeeded St. Clair as commandant at Fort Washington; and in the following January, the troops being idle, he called for volunteers from the surrounding county to reinforce his two hundred regulars for an expedition to the scene of defeat, to bury the dead, and bring off the cannon.and other public property that might have been left by the Indians upon the field. The yeomanry of Hamilton county, and some of the neighboring Kentuckians, promptly responded, rendezvoused at the fort. The snow lay two feet deep upon the ground, deeper than had been known since the white man's occupancy of that region; and the ice was so thick in the Ohio that the Kentucky volunteers could not ferry their horses over, and had to.cross them upona still stronger tract of ice above the mouth of the Little Miami. On the twenty-fifth of the month Wilkinson moved out, upon the trace opened by St. Clair, and encamped the first night upon the hill south..of Mount Pleasant, afterwards occupied by Cary's academy, and the second night at Fort Hamilton. By the time he reached Fort Jefferson the difficulties and hardships of the march were telling severely upon the detachment, and he determined to send back the regulars, retaining the mounted volunteers and the public sleds whereon to bring off the guns. With these he reached the theatre of St. Clair's disaster on the first of February, finding the snow there also deep, but not completely concealing the remains of the dead. As many of these as could be conveniently found under the circumstances were collected and buried in pits; but so many remained unburied that persons with Wayne's expedition eighteen months afterwards reported, doubtless with exaggeration (since the Indians carry off their dead), that six hundred skulls were found upon the field, and that it was necessary to clear the tents of bones before beds could be spread upon the surface. Three gun-carriages were found and brought away, with some small arms; five others had been so damaged as to be useless. The cannon had disappeared; but as the adjacent creek was covered with thick ice and snow, a thorough search in it, where 'it was believed they had been thrown, was not practicable. They were subsequently found, however, and mounted on Fort Recovery, where they were used with effect during Wayne's occupancy of the battleground. Evidences were observed of great cruelties inflicted by the savages upon the unfortunates of St. Clair's expedition who had been left wounded upon the field. Wilkinson was not disturbed by the enemy during his brief campaign of humanity, and he returned quietly to Fort Washington when its object was accomplished.

The most vigorous measures on the part of the General Government were now necessary to preserve the frontier settlements in the northwest from destruction and to prevent the early reflux of the advancing wave of civilization. A competent leader was first in demand. From a number of able officers of the army, most of them Revolutionary heroes, whose names were submitted to President Washington, he selected the hero of the storming of Stony Point, the brave "Mad Anthony Wayne" - he who showed so much method, withal, in his madness. In June, 1792, Wayne reached Pittsburgh, with ample pawers, and set about the slow, yet, as the sad experience of Harmar and St. Clair had proved, the indispensable preparations necessary to success. He addressed himself at once to the recruiting and drill of the new "Legion of the United States," which was presently, by a

Establishing a camp on the Ohio, twenty-two miles below Pittsburgh - called '"'Legionville," from the title of his army - he gathered, by December, a considerable force there. About the last of April, 1793, he moved it down the river to Fort Washington, and thence, as it was too numerous to occupy that work, out to a camp he formed in the Mill Creek valley, near the village of Cincinnati, about the spot upon which the gas-works were long afterwards erected. This camp was designated by him as ''Hobson's Choice," since it was the only one in the vicinity which the high water of that spring made eligible for the purpose.

On the arrival of General Wayne, at Cincinnati, with the troops from Legionville, late in 1793, he ordered the quartermaster, with two or three of his officers, to make a careful examination of the grounds adjoining the town, and select the most eligible spot for the construction of an encampment. After a careful execution of the order, they reported that there was no situation near the town, on which the army could be conveniently encamped, and that the only ground which was in any degree calculated for the purpose was on the river bank, between the village and Mill creek. The general replied, ''if that be so, we have Hobson's choice, and must take it." From that expression the place selected was immediately called ''Hobson''s Choice," and has been known by that name ever since. The general was evidently a

Here the work of organizing ane drilling the soldiers went steadily on through the summer. Washington wrote to Wayne: "Train and discipline them for the service they are meant for; and do not spare powder and lead, so the men be made marksmen." One of Wayne's sentinels at this time was posted upon the lofty ancient mound which stood until 1841 at the intersection of Mound and Fifth streets. The force suffered much from fevers and influenza and by desertion. Wayne also found it difficult to obtain the mounted volunteers he wanted from Kentucky, as the militia of that State retained the old prejudices, and disliked to serve with regulars. All obstacles were, however, gradually overcome; and on the seventh of October, the faithful and well directed efforts of the Government to secure peace by diplomacy having so far failed, the army began an aggressive campaign. It numbered two thousand six hundred regular troops, three hundred and sixty mounted militia, and thirty-six guides and scouts. One thousand Kentucky volunteers, under General Charles Scott, joined it, soon after, at Fort Jefferson. A strong position six miles in front of this work was occupied on the thirteenth, and held for several months, while the 'peace talks" with the Indians were renewed by the commissioners of the Government. On the sixth of November the Kentucky mounted infantry

Wayne's army, now called the "Northwestern," wintered at the new camp on the Stillwatér branch of the Miami, It was fortified, and many cabins put up during the season. Wayne gave the group of huts and fort the name of Greenville, which was retained for the flourishing town that now covers its site. Here he awaited the arrival of the convoys with provisions, and continued his preparations for the struggle. About the last of December a detachment was sént forward to the field of St. Clair's defeat, which built and garrisoned Fort Recoyery there. Under the walls of that work an escort of one hundred and fifty men, commanded by Major Mc- Mahon, was attacked by a thousand Indians, led by Little Turtle, the noted Miami chief; but they were beaten off, after a severe action, with great slaughter. The next month Wayne was joined by sixteen hundred mounted volunteers from Kentucky, and on the twenty-eighth of July, 1794, he began his first movement against the enemy. August 8th, the army reached Grand Glaize, near the union of the Auglaise and Maumee, where Fort would not wait, and continued his movement until the eighteenth of August, when he reached a place forty-one miles from Grand Glaize, where, ascertaining that he was almost in the presence of the enemy, he began to throw the Maumee about five miles, the advance guard was ambuscaded by the Indians, and received so severe a fire that it was driven back upon the main body. The enemy was very favorably posted in high grass and among trees felled by a tornado - which gave the action the name of "the Battle of the Fallen Timbers." Among these it was impossible for the cavalry to operate with effect on a considerable part of the line of battle. They were promptly moved against the enemy's flanks, however, while the front line of infantry charged the savages, which it did with such impetuosity as to oust them speedily from their coverts, and in less than, an hour to drive them more than two miles and disperse them so thoroughly that the battle was not renewed. A

The brunt of this gallant affair was borne by less than nine hundred of Wayne's men, opposed to more than twice their number, representing the Miami, Delaware, Ottawa, Shawnee, and Wyandot tribes, and led by several of their bravest chiefs. A number of Canadian militia and British regulars, with their officers, were also on the field as auxiliaries to the savages; and some of them were killed in the fight. In the spring of this year a fortification had been constructed by the British in the neighborhood of the battle ground, upon the territory of the United States. To the vicinity of this (Fort Miami) Wayne now moved, and while engaged in a spirited correspondence with its commander, in regard to the intrusion of the British upon Federal territory, occupied his army with the devastation of the Indian villages and cornfields above and below the British post. Included in the destruction were the buildings and other property of Tolenel McKee, the British Indian agent and "principal stimulator," as Wayne calls him, of the war on the side of the savages, having been personally present on the field of the Fallen Timbers,

Having laid waste the country for miles about the fort, Wayne returned to Fort Defiance, and on the fourteenth of September moved toward the junction of the St. Joseph's and the St. Mary's, where the Government had for years desired to plant a military work, and where he built one whose name is perpetuated by the city of Fort Wayne, at the same place. About the middle of October the Kentucky contingent, which had become mutinous and troublesome, was marched back to Fort Wash-

'ington and mustered out of service. On the twentyeighth the remainder, except a sufficient garrison for the new fortification, moved to Fort Greenville, where it wintered. The several tribes, notwithstanding constant British instigation to the contrary, one after another decided to sue for peace. Messages to that effect were received in December and January by the commanders at Forts Wayne and Greenville; prisoners were exchanged; and in the summer of 1795 a great gathering of the leading men of the tribes at the latter place resulted in the treaty of Greenville, bearing final date August 3d, of that year. It was ratified by the Senate of the United States in December; and so, through Wayne's carefulness and foresight in preparation, his masterly strategy in the construction and occupancy of a chain of military posts into the hostile country, and the bravery of his "Legion," the terrible Indian wars of the eighteenth century in this country were closed. A peace lasting until the temporary outbreak sixteen years afterwards, under Tecumseh and the '" Prophet," was secured by the great convention of Greenville.

A Minor Expedition

In the spring of 1794, while General Wayne was for a time in or near Fort Washington, he was directed by President Washington to despatch a force to Fort Massac, on the Mississippi, to intercept an irregular, filibustering army, understood to be in preparation in Kentucky, and expected to invade Louisiana for the conquest of that province, then under Spanish domination. Wayne detached Major Doyle, with a company of infantry and artillery, to perform the service, which, with other energetic measures undertaken by Washington, effectually broke up the schemes and intrigues mainly instigated, in Kentucky and elsewhere, by the agents of M. Genet, then the French Minister to this country. The 'French party" had enlisted the sympathies of the governor and other_ prominent men in Kentucky, and arranged for the rendezvous of two thousand men at the Falls of the Ohio (Louisville) to constitute an army of invasion; so that the movement thus checked, in part from Fort Washington, was really somewhat formidable.

A Very Short Campaign

seemed to be made necessary in southwestern Ohio at one time during the latter part of the first decade of this century, by the suspected hostile conspiracies of Tecumseh and his brother, the Prophet, who resided at Greenville from 1805 to 1809. many Indians of influence and martial prowess; who were roused almost to frenzy by the intrigues of the Prophet and the eloquent appeals of Tecumseh. So strong became the signs of hostility at last that war was confidently expected. The militia of this region were called out and rendezvoused at Dayton, supplies gathered, wagon- and pack-trains organized, and other preparations made. . The scare was shortly over, however; and the troops, after about a fortnight's service, were disbanded. One regiment was out from Hamilton county, commanded by Colonel John S. Wallace, of which Dr. John Blackburn, of Cincinnati, was surgeon.

The Tippecanoe Campaign

It is probable that many other men of Hamilton county, besides the gallant commander, General William Henry Harrison, were out with him in the campaign of 1811, against the Indians of the Indian country; but their names are not now ascertainable. The sole note of the history of the campaign, connecting Cincinnati and the county with it, which we find, is in Mr. E. D. Mansfield's Personal Memories. He was then a little boy, residing with his father at Ludlow's Station, on the Hamilton road, upon which he remembered seeing the Fourth regiment of infantry march from Cincinnati on a pleasant morning in May, on their way to the ultimate victory of the campaign at Tippecanoe the following November, where they found the main body and chief hope of the American army. The renown won by General Harrison in the campaign also reflects from it honor upon Hamilton county, although he was then residing at Vincennes as governor of Indiana territory.

The War Of 1812-I5

Early in the spring of 1812, before this struggle had been fully enlisted, the President made a requisition upon the State of Ohio for one thousand two hundred militia. More than enough to fill the quota were soon raised, many of them from Hamilton county. They were ordered by Governor Meigs to rendezvous at Dayton, on the twenty-ninth day of April. By the fourth of May one thousand four hundred troops, mostly volunteers, were encamped at Camp Meigs, three miles above that place, and one hundred more were added within a week. Generals Cass and Gano, the latter a Cincinnatian, were in command, under the governor, who was commander-ins chief. 'The force was divided into three regiments, led, respectively, by Lewis Cass, Duncan McArthur, and another Cincinnati soldier, James S. Findlay, who, although a general in the militia, consented to take a colonel's place. May 25th, the equipment of the troops being measurably complete, Governor Meigs formally surrendered the command of the Ohio contingent to General Hull, of the United States army, who was to lead it away to the disgraceful surrender at Detroit.

Upon the outbreak of the contest, Governor Meigs had called out the First division of Ohio militia, which rendezvoused in Hamilton county, at Hutchinson's tavern (later Jacob Hoffner's, in Cumminsyille), on the road from Cinciniati through Colerain, Mr. Mansfield says the volunteers presented a motley appearance, with hunting-shirts, some with butternut jackets, and others in more fantastic costumes. Many of the men had rifles or other arms; but most of them drilled with sticks and cornstalks in place of firelocks. When the governor's call was made, the response was generous from this county, as from other parts of the State. Two companies volunteered at once in Cincinnati. One was

He was in the Hull surrender with his command, but was presently released. He was extremely mortified by the terrible disgrace, and also taking a fever while crossing Lake Erie, he died: soon after his return to Cincinnati - 'of fever and a broken heart," says his cousin, Mr. Mansfield, in his Personal Memories. Captain Mansfield is thus further eulogized by his distinguished - relative, Hon. E. D. Mansfield, in his Memories of Dr. Drake:

He was a most extraordinary young man, whose character produced a more intense and enduring impression upon those who knew him than did any one of whom I have ever heard. The impression made upon others - an impression deep and durable - is the highest testimony to the reality of a great and noble charactcr. The fleeting effect of brilliant genius, or the doubtful applause given to talent without virtue, may be possessed by many ; but it is seldom we find that perfection of character which demands a praise which never wavers and which no time destroys. Still more seldom do we find in it such kindly affection as draws within its embrace the hearts of both strangers and friends. Such was the character of Captain Mansfield; and I judge it only by the concurrent testimony of a large number of persons, from the passing citizen to the near relatives, from the soldier who served with him to the officer who commanded.

Returning after Hull's surrender, in an open boat on the lake and river, he was seized with an autumnal fever. Enfeebled by disease, he was not less broken in spirit; and his sensitive mind seemed to have sunk under the stain of disgrace and disappointment. In this state Dr. Drake found him, when returned to Cincinnati. No power of medicine or care of friend availed against his deep-seated malady of mind and body. He was already delirious, and soon sank to the grave. He was only in his twenty-fifth year; and one so young, so unassuming, and so full of worth, was never so much lamented by so many who knew what worth was. The public honors paid to his memory - not a few - were small compared to the tribute of sorrows poured out by hearts bound to him by no tie of nature, but endeared by strong affection.

Neither the roll of Captain Mansfield's company (the Cincinnati Light infantry), nor of Captain J. W. Sloan's dragoons (the Cincinnati troop), nor of any other company known to have been from Hamilton county, is in the office of the adjutant-general of. the State; and we have been unable to recover any such roll from private hands. The rules of the adjutant-general's office at Washington do not permit the copying of military rosters bounty lands and otherwise. Another company that went out from Cincinnati during the war was that of Captain Carpenter, and Captains McFarland and Hugh Glenn are said to have had Hamilton county companies in this service, but we are likewise unable to present a copy of theirrolls of honor. The entire regiment commanded by General Findlay was from the Miami country. The two companies first enlisting marched to join Hulls army with the Fourth United States infantry, which had crossed from Newport Barracks to take the road northward; and a sermon was preached to them before starting, on the fourth of May, 1812, by the Rev. Dr. Wilson. Mr. Mansfield thus related the incident, at a pioneer celebration in 1874:

Just before they set out they were called into the First Presbyterian church, corner of Main and Fourth streets, to hear an address from Dr. Joshua L. Wilson. The text was, in substance: ''Cursed be he that goeth not forth to battle, and cursed be he that keepeth back his hand from blood.'' The brave, earnest, patriotic Wilson never hesitated to speak his mind, and speak it freely. That noble army was surrendered without a cause; and none who did not know those men, can know with what anguish and sorrow and indignation that surrender was received.

August 5, 1812, orders were sent by Governor Meigs to General John S. Gano, at Cincinnati, to march immediately with three hundred men of his division to Urbana, in charge of Captain Sutton. They were to be "under the command of a major," and furnished with a blanket and knapsack, arms and ammunition. 'Volunteers under the law of Ohio will be preferred," wrote the goyernor. No public money was in hand for the purpose of recruiting or equipment; the credit of the Goyernment was low; and many of the military and naval operations of the war were conducted only under pledges or pecuniary obligations for which private persons became responsible. This order gave General Gano a similar opportunity. Fifteen days after the order was despatched he wrote:

I have six as good companies as I have seen in the State ; four have marched from here yesterday to join two others at Lebanon, where they will elect their major. 7 3 The detatchment is as follows; Captain Jenkinson with his company of artillery, fitted completely with muskets, etc., etc.: Lebanon Light infantry, in exactly the same uniform as Mansfield's company; four companies of riflemen completely equipt, one company one hundred strong. All can instantly fix bayonets to their rifles; the others every man a tomahawk and knife. The whole are volunteers, except the light infantry of Lebanon.

On the sixth of September, 1813, when the events of the war were rapidly thickening, Colonel Henry Zumalt, of Cincinnati, was ordered by General Gano to march his regiment of militia, near eight hundréd strong, "this evening, if possible," to Dayton, thence to Franklinton, be joined on his way by two companies from Hamilton and two from Lebanon. Extra pay was offered if the troops should be called into actual service. He was instructed to procure musicians, if possible; and an order was given on Major Morton for fifty stand of arms and accoutrements.

The story of the war need not be recounted here. It will be sufficient if some mention of the deeds of Hamilton county's sons is made. 'This was admirably done by General Harrison, in an after-dinner speech at the celebration of the forty-fifth anniversary of the settlement of Cincinnati and the Miami country, held in Cincinnati on the twenty-sixth of December, 1833, by natives of Ohio. We extract in full that portion of his address referring to their exploits:

Your young orator [Joseph Longworth, esq.] has mentioned the performances of our own Buckeye population in the late war, in terms as eloquent as they were just. I could not think of trespassing upon the patience of the company by recounting the merits of all who distinguished themselves; but I cannot resist the gratification of informing the citizens of Cincinnati that they haye amongst their number some who were as conspicuous for their gallantry as any from Ohio or elsewhere.

As those who are truly brave are always backward and retiring, I think it probable that the anecdotes I shall relate are unknown to the greater portion of the inhabitants of this city. To do full justice to my gallant friend whom I perceive at some distance on my right [Major Gwynne], I must necessarily recount the circumstances which afforded the opportunity for distinguishing himself to which I have referred. The siege of Fort Meigs had continued some days,' when the enemy, despairing of making an impression upon our works from their position in front, took possession of one on our right flank, on which, in the night, they erected two batteries, with the view of enfilading our lines. It became necessary to dislodge them, and a sortie for that purpose was ordered. Ihad no means of ascertaining the force by which these batteries were defended. But it was impossible, to suppose it very small, and allow their commander the possession of \any military knowledge, as a large river separated them from his main body. It became necessary, therefore, to make the detachment ordered on this duty as strong as circumstances would permit. It was composed of the companies of the Seventeenth and Nineteenth regiments of the line, then in the fort; the former raised in Kentucky, the latter in Ohio. The whole rank and file of both regiments was about three hundred and fifty. To these were added the battalion of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Petersburgh, Virginia, volunteers of about one hundred, and a small company of Boone county, Kentucky, militia, for flankers. The aggregate of the detachment being about five hundred rank and file, were put under the command of Colonel John Miller, of Ohio, the commandant of the Nineteenth regiment. These troops were drawn up in a deep ravine which flanked the fort, to"prevent, if possible, the enemy from knowing the object they were intended to accomplish. Before the advance was ordered the troops were addressed, and the necessity of their succeeding and the motives for every one to perform his duty pointed out. They were ordered to advance with trailed arms, to pre- vent their fire from being expended before they reached the enemy, and the most positive directions given to put to death any man who should fire before orders were given to do so.

The advance was made in line, the regular troops on the left, their centre directly opposite the batteries of the enemy, on their right the Pittsburgh and Petersburgh volunteers, and the Kentucky company of militia still farther on that flank. From the shape of the ravine from which the advance was made, the regular troops had, reached the summit before the volunteers, and the latter were in some measure masked by the hill, when the whole of the enemy's fire was poured upon the regulars. The meditated attack was discovered by the enemy, who looked into the ravine by climbing trees, and were of course prepared to receive it. The effect of the fire was dreadful, as may well be supposed, from a thousand Northwestern Indians and upwards of two hundred British troops in position, delivered from the corner of a wood upon troops in line marching through an open plain. Ihave always been of opinion that the loss was greater for the numbers engaged, and for the period that the firing lasted, than has ever occurred before or since in America. A moment's halt was necessary to close the ranks and to disencumber them of the killed and wounded. This was done with the precision and coolness of a parade exercise. In another moment the ''march! march!" was given by the gallant commander, and the whole line, regulars and volunteers, rushed upon the enemy. They did not remain to receive the shock, although still possessing the advantage of position, and then outnumbering the assailants by three to one. With the exception, of the extreme left flank of Indians, their whole line, British and Indians, and Tecumseh, the commander of the latter, fled; the British to their boats and the Indians to the swamps. The company to which your fellow-citizen, Major Gwynne, then a lieutenant of the Nineteenth infantry, was attached, was on the right of the line of regulars. The battle being over in front, he discovered that on the right the Kentuckians were still engaged with the Indians who had composed the enemy's extreme left, and that they had cut them off from our line. | Seeing that the danger was pressing, without waiting for orders he changed the front of his company, charged the Indians on the rear, relieved the brave Kentuckians, and, with their assistance, completely routed them. That Major Gwynne by this bold and prompt movement saved many valuable lives, there can' be no 'doubt. The highest reward bestowed upon a Roman soldier was given to him who saved the life of a Roman in battle.

But I perceive that there is another Buckeye at the table who merited well of his country under my command in the late war. I am persuaded that a relation of the circumstances will not be unacceptable to the company. When the enemy were first discovered advancing on Fort Meigs, and their Indians had already encircled the fort, it became necessary to send orders to Brigadier-General Green Clay, who was, as I knew, advancing with a brigade of Kentucky militia to join me. As it would have been improper to,send a written order, when there were so many chances of its falling into the hands of the enemy, a person was wanted who, to the qualities of sagacity, bravery, fortitude, and perseverance, united unquestionable patriotism. For a service of that character it is not usual to command its performance by an officer. Your fellow-citizen, Major Oliver, at that time an officer of the commissariat, proffered his services. They were accepted, and he performed the duty to my entire satisfaction. The hazard of the undertaking was very great, and it was of that kind that even the bravest men would dislike to encounter. The fame which is acquired by such a death, is one of the strongest motives to distinguished actionsin the field. If Major Olive-yhad perished on this occasion, and the chances were greatly against him, he certainly would have been ''wept" by his numerous friends, but to requote what has been already given, he would have been "unhonored and unsung." What have been the rewards of Major Gwynne and Major Oliver from their country for the services they rendered,<{ cannot say. Indeed, it appears that the Buckeyes have been rather unfortunate in that respect, although always in the hour of danger and on the day of battle, they appear to have been frequently overlooked in the division of the spoil.

A glance at the president of the day [Major Daniel Gano] reminds me of the important services rendered by his father; and as he is the proper representative of that father, it is within the rules that I should mention them. When I first saw the late Major-General John S. Gano, it was in the hard winter of 1791-2, at the head of some forty or fifty volunteers, united with a body of regular troops, on an excursion to the scene of the disastrous battle-ground of the preceding fourth of November. An uncommon fall of snow made it necessary for General (then Colonel) Wilkinson, who commanded the detachment, to léave the infantry and proceed with the mounted volunteers. The great depth of snow prevented the accomplishment of the pious purpose of burying the dead, for which the enterprise was undertaken. Ina few weeks from this time, Captain Gano again joined us on the hazardous expedition to erect the fort which was' named St. Clair. With similar small bodies he was ever on the alert - ever ready to afford any assistance in his power toward the protection of the frontiers, until the general peace with the Indians in 1795. In the last war he served under my command as major-general at the head of the Ohio quota of militia, and during my absence on th northern frontier he commanded the Ninth 'Military district, as general-in-chief. I can state with confidence that in all of these situations, whether at the head of forty men or of some thousands, he discharged his duty with the strictest fidelity, usefulness, and honor.

It is unnecessary for me to speak of the military services of my long tried and valued friend immediately on my right [General Findlay]. It is well known that at the head of a gallant regiment of volunteers, disciplined by himself, he served on the first northwestern campaign of the late war. It is equally well known that, if his advice and that of his gallant compeers (the other colonels of the army) had been adopted, the campaign would have had a different result, and the honor of our arms would not have been tarnished by an inglorious surrender.

The Mexican War

Upon the requisition of the President under an act of Congress approved May 13, 1846, Ohio was called upon to furnish three regiments of infantry to the army being prepared for the invasion of Mexico. They were promptly raised and forwarded, notwithstanding many citizens of the State were opposed to the war, and one of them had said, upon the floor of Congress, that, were he a Mexican, he would welcome the Americans "with bloody hands to hospitable graves." Colonel Curtis, George W. Morgan, and A. M. Mitchell commanded the first regiments despatched. The next year a fourth regiment was called out, and sent to the field in command of Colonel Charles H. Brough, who died some years after in Cincinnati.

Of the entire Ohio contingent, however, the roll of but one company is on file in the adjutant-general's office at Columbus. It is that of Captain Otto Zirckel's command, in the Fourth reginvent of Ohio volunteers, commanded by Colonel Brough. The regiment was mustered into service at Cincinnati, May 27, 1847, by Colonel Ewing, United States army, and mustered out at the same place July 18, 1848. The following names are recorded upon the roll of Captain Zirckel's company as those of Hamilton county men:

The rendezvous at Cincinnati was at Camp " Washington," established for the purpose of this war in a convenient locality near Mill creek, upon ground now covered, in part, by the city workhouse and the house of refuge. The headquarters of the camp are still shown, in a long, low building, now used for residence and saloon keeping, not far south of the workhouse. 'The district yet bears the old name, though not in a corporate capacity, it now and for many years past being a part of the city.

The War Of The Rebellion

It would require a huge volume to write, in full detail, the honarable record made by this county during. the great civil war. . Special chapters will be given in this work to "Cincinnati in the War," The Siege of Cincin- the histories of the townships. These will allow us to be very brief in this introduction to what is, after all, the best exhibit of good deeds during the fearful struggle - a roster of the immense contingent furnished by Hamilton county to the Federal armies.

The number of camps of rendezvous and equipment established in the county would, of itself, furnish evidence of the activity of her people in the maintenance of the war. The following minor encampments may be enumerated:

Camp John McLean, near Cincinnati; named from Justice McLean, of the United States Supreme court. The Twenty-fifth Ohio infantry, commanded by Colonel N. E. McLean, a son of the judge, was quartered here.

Mention is also made of a Camp Wheeler, near Union Ridge, in this county, where ''Tod's Independent Scouts" made their headquarters in July, 1863.

In September, 1861, the Thirty-first Ohio infantry rendezvoused at the orphan asylum in Cincinnati; and many other public buildings in and about the city were temporarily used for quarters at various times during the war.

The great camp, however, one of the most famous cantonments in the county at the time, was Camp Dennison, near Madisonville, in the eastern part of the county, on the Little Miami railroad, seventeen miles from the then limits of Cincinnati. It was named from Hon, William Dennison, governor of the State at the outbreak of the war, at whose request a site for such camp was se- Jected'in the latter part of April, 1861, by General Rosecrans, then a retired army officer in business in Cincinnati. One of the prime objects in establishing a large encampment in this region was to give a feeling of security to the people of the city, in view of the doubtful position of Kentucky at this early stage of the war. Captain George B. McClellan, president of the Ohio & Mississippi railroad, also a young officer of the regular army, who had resigned to engage in civil pursuits, had been appointed by Governor Dennison major-general of the Ohio militia; and by his invitation Rosecrans accepted the post of topographical engineer upon his staff, and proceeded to select the camp. The site chosen was a stretch of level land, not very broad or long, but sufficient for most purposes of the camp. The ground was necessarily leased at the high rates put upon it by the owners ; and the goyernor was much blamed for what was deemed an extrayagant outlay. It was named from him by General Mc- Clellan, who was put in command of the camp, but soon regular army. At first it was in charge of the State, and gave the governnor and other Ohio officers infinite trouble through complaints of bad treatment, insufficient food, clothing, tents, arms, etc., and other ills. It was early turned over to the General Government, however ; and was one of the two great camps (the other being Camp Chase) maintained by the United States in Ohio during and for some time after the Rebellion. Scores of regiments were recruited or rendezvoused, equipped, and drilled here. Countless thousands of "boys in blue" passed its gates going into or out of the-service, or returning from rebel prison pens to refit for the field. Little of it now remains, save a glorious memory, the cemetery where rest its hero dead, and the old sign at the entrance. The very name of the post office maintained there, sad to say, has been changed. 'The old camp, however, with all its bustle, in the pomp and circumstance of war, will long live in the recollections of the myriad citizen-soldiers who from time to time inhabited it.

The military committee of Hamilton county should not pass without a notice. Its intelligent activity and patriotic zeal, in aiding the recruitment of troops and otherwise forwarding the Federal cause, were eminently serviceable to our armies, and were gratefully acknowledged by the authorities of the State and the Union. It was originally appointed by Governor Dennison, and was mantained, with some changes in its personnel, until the close of the war. At the end of 1863 it was composed as follows: General Joshua H. Bates, chairman; W. H. Davis, secretary; Hon. N. W. Thomas, Colonel A. E. Jones, W. W. Lodwick, John W. Ellis, Francis Weisnewski, Thomas Sherlock, Eli. Mushmore, Amzi Magill. Its headquarters were of course in Cincinnati.

It may here also be observed that, besides the long list of general officers in the service, who reflected honor upon Cincinnati, and who will be enumerated hereafter, the county elsewhere furnished to the Northren armies distinguished soldiers in the persons of Brigadier-General Jacob Ammen, of Lockland, and brevet Brigadiers Thomas Kirby Smith, of Colerain, E. Barrett Langdon, of Linwood, and Benjamin C. Ludlow, of Cumminsville, a native of the old Ludlow's Station, at the same place; besides many of lesser rank.

The Immense Roster

of the Hamilton county contingent in the late war. It has been compiled from the rolls in the bureau of the Adjutant-General of the State, where every courtesy and convenience have been kindly afforded for the work. Happily, few Rebellion rolls are missing from this great collection, except in some cases of three-months regiments or companies; and fortunately, too, for twenty-nine regiments of infantry, eight regiments of cavalry, and seven batteries, at the time this compilation was made, the records had been reduced to such system and shape that it was possible to present a full roster of each of these commands. For the others, the muster-in rolls must in general: suffice, as is usual in histories of this kind. The writer has been embarrassed, not only by the magnitude of the list, but by the difficulty, in many cases, of identifying officers or men as belonging to Hamilton county. No means exist in the adjutantgeneral's office, apart from the rolls, for such identification; and these are not always reliable. Entire companies, raised in other parts of the State, were re-enrolled at Cincinnati or Camp Dennison, and appear accordingly upon the rolls, and large numbers of men from other parts of the State and country went to these places for their original enlistment; while many Hamilton county citizens were enrolled at points outside of the county or "in the field," particularly for veteran services, and cannot now be recognized, except by those who personally know the facts, as Hamilton county volunteers. Notwithstanding the faithful use of Mr. Reid's invaluable book, Ohio in the War, and other available sources of information as to the /ocale of companies, regiments, and 'individual enlistments, it is probable that some hundreds, at least, are herein accredited to this county that belong to other counties, and that quite as many whose names should appear upon this roster, have been omitted, because the rolls do not furnish the data by which they can be recognized as of the Hamilton "Grand Army." But every effort has been made to secure as full and nearly accurate a roster as possible under the circumstances.

In general, it has been thought safest to include in this roll of honor all who were recruited in Cincinnati or the townships of Hamilton county, so far as shown by the records; and to omit those enrolled at Camp Dennison, unless some other evidence has been found that they belong to the county. Many names, it will be observed, are duplicated, and some, perhaps, triplicated, by re-enlistments, transfers, or promotions. In all cases, if the period of service is not specified in the history or roll of the regiment, it will be understood that the muster-in was "for three years, or during the war." The orthography of the rolls has been followed; but discrepancies of spelling to be found in them make it reasonably certain that many whose names appear herein will experience that peculiar sort of fame of which Byron speaks - having their names spelt wrongly in print.

Hamilton Men In Kentucky Regiments

A number of companies recruited in this county, which could not be received for the three-months' service, rendezvoused spontaneously at the Methodist camp-meeting ground, on the Colerain pike, eleven miles from the city (Camp Colerain). Among these were the Valley guards, recruited in and about Clifton, Cumminsville, and Carthage, of which the following named were officers:

Non-Commissioned Officers

Colonel P. J. Sullivan was recruiting a regiment in Cincinnati, and finding it could not be received at Camp Harrison, marched a number of his companies, about eight hundred men in all, to the camp-meeting ground. They. included the Rough and Ready guards, Captain Spellmyer; the Miami guards, Captain Boyer; the Zouave cadets, Captain Joseph A. Stacy; the Beck guards, Captain Beck; the Fulton Continentals, Captain David Johns; and the Union artillery, Captain Joseph Whittlesey. The several companies subsequently went to Camp Clay, where they were joined by a company from Louisville, for which no provision was made in Kentucky, the governor of that State having declinéd to furnish the men asked from that State. Patriotic Ohio, however, supplied the deficiency in great part; and President Lincoln, upon the solicitations of Judge Chase and other Ohioans, consented to receive as the First and Second Kentucky regiments the organizations effected at Camp Clay. They were equipped and prepared for the field at the expense of this State, but were in time recognized by the authorities of Kentucky, who issued commissions to their officers. They were as follows:

Field And Staff

By far the larger part of these, like the men of the regiments, were Hamilton county citizens - Cincinnatians. The commands saw their first service in the brigade of General Jacob D. Cox, in the army of West Virginia. They served a longer term than the period of original enlistment, and made very creditable records in the field.

The Histories And Rosters

For the material of the following introductionary histories, recourse has been had almost exclusively to that unrivalled repository of information concerning Ohio in the war - Mr. Whitelaw Reid's great work bearing that name.

PRIVATES. A Matthew Asken, Jacob Effinger, Abraham Busch, Samuel S. Dean, Richard Gregory, Hugh Gray, William A. Huddard, George Jamison, Chester C. Logan, Cornelius Lowe, Franklin Moon, John Phillips, William A. Withrop, Benjamiy Young, Lewis Young.

Second Ohio Infantry

This was enlisted at first for three months, under the call of President Lincoln for seventy-five thousand men. It was mustered into service at Columbus, April 17, 1861, only three days after Fort Sumter was evacuated. It was at the first battle of Bull Run, and bore honorable part in the service around Washington until July, when it was mustered out at the expiration of its term, and reorganized at Camp Denison as a three-years' regiment in August and September. A majority of the field, line, and staff officers had already seen service with the threemonths' men. The regiment moved into eastern Kentucky in September, 1861, and by its good behavior did much to ingratiate itself and the Union cause in that region. Its subsequent service was with General Buell's army, Generals Rosecrans, Thomas and Sherman. It was in the battle of Stone River and Chickamauga, in those of the Atlanta campaign, and in several minor actions. The nucleus of the regiment, like that of the Sixth and others raised in Cincinnati, was formed in one of the peace organizations of the city. It was commanded during part of its career by Colonel Leonard A. Harris, ex-mayor of Cincinnati,-and a native of that city. Most of the field, staff and band, two companies, and" some recruits scattered through other companies, were from Hamilton county.

This regiment was raised for the three months' service, and was re-enlisted for three years. It was first mustered into service April 27, 1861. Its earliest duty was in the preparation of Camp Dennison, a few miles from Cincinnati, and it did not take the field until after its re-organization in June. Its most notable service was as mounted

Georgia, in early April, 1863, when almost the entire command was captured. One company of the three years' regiment was from Cincinnati, and the other companies from the city were in the three months' service.

On muster-in, but not on muster-out roll. - Privates James Cottle, Charles French, Richard Linch, James Linton; Joseph D, Murry, William Vandine.

Fourth Ohio Infantry Fifth Ohio Infantry

This was also originally one of the three-months' organizations, and was made up of young men from Cincinnati and the vicinity. It went into Camp Harrison, near that city, April 20, 1861; was mustered into the Federal service May 3d; was transferred to Camp Dennison May 23d; re-enlisted in a body for three years the next,month, and was re-mustered June 2oth, and started for the field in western Virginia, July roth. Its first service here was under Brigadier General Charles W. Hill, under whom a very toilsome march was taken over the spurs of the Alleghanies, in a vain effort to intercept the retreating troops of the rebel General Garnet. It then engaged in guard duty and drill at Parkersburgh until August 5th, when it moved to Buckhannon, and lay there until November 3d. Near this point companies A, B, and C had a sharp fight with a party of rebels, losing one man and killing several of the enemy. Thence the regiment marched to New Creek on the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, and presently to Romney, where it had hard service, entire companies being sent out daily on some of whom had their posts six or seven miles from camp. Colonel Dunning, of the Fifth, here*took command of the forces in and about Romney, in place of General Kelly, who was disabled by a wound. Hearing of a rebel force of fifteen hundred at Blue's Gap, sixteen miles out, he moved a detachment against it during a driving snow storm on the night of January 6, 1862, surprised the enemy, killing twenty of them, capturing a number, with two cannon, and destroying the mill and other property of the rebel Colonel Blue, at that point. This was the beginning of the Fifth Ohio's reputation for bravery and thorough-going dealing with the rebels. The confederate papers soundly anathematized the regiment led "'by a butcher," and advised their commanders to show its members no quarter. Within fifteen hours from the time of starting the regiment was back at Romney, having in that short space of time marched thirtyfour miles and fought a spirited and successful action.

General Lander took command of the forces shortly after, and the regiment was moved in rapid succession to a number of places, marching and countermarching for more than a month, and suffering much from the inclement season. February 13th, with the Eighth Ohio and a cavalry force, it made a reconnoisance in force on Bloomney Furnace, during which the cavalry engaged the enemy and won a victory. March 18th, under General Shields, it participated in another reconnoisance to Strasburgh, the enemy being pushed several miles beyond Mt. Jackson, but without bringing on an action. On the twenty-second, from Winchester the regiment was moved out hastily and the next day reached Kernstown .and took a position to support a battery, where it was attacked, with other forces in the battle, about nine A.M, It held its place until afternoon, when five companies were detached and moved alone against an oyerwhelming force, whose fire they sustained alone in an open field for some time, returning it with interest, until reinforcements came, when the united commands advanced and soon routed the enemy. Five color-bearers of the regiment were successively shot down in this short but sharp fight, among them Captain George B. Whitcom, of Cincinnati. The Fifth is believed to have saved the day, at least on this part of the field. Not long after the rout here the enemy began his retreat, getting off without further disaster in the darkness of the night. The Fifth lost forty-seven killed and wounded in the battle of Winchester. The regimental colors received forty-eight bullet holes in this action, and the State flag ten. A movement was soon after begun beyond Strasburgh, through Woodstock, and to the Shenandoah, where a destroyed bridge and Ashby's cavalry on the other side checked their advance. A dash was made by the Fifth and some cavalry into Mt. Jackson, but the enemy fled before their arrival. The regiment then encamped at Newmarket, Colonel Dunning commanding the brigade. In a fortnight it advanced to Harrisonburgh, where, May 7th, a beautiful stand of colors was presented by a deputation from the city council of Cincinnati, as a token of appreciation at home of the regiment's bravery and efficiency in the late battle.

25th it moved to Front Royal, and June 3d reached the Shenandoah again, having marched in three weeks two hundred and eighty-five miles through mud and rain without meeting an enemy and with scarcely half rations. June gth, however, at Port Republic, it became hotly engaged, and behaved with its usual courage and dash. After some firing by volley, it charged two rebel regiments covered by a fence and drove them into the woods, where they were again charged and one field gun captured. Moving to the left, it repelled a charge upon one of our batteries, but had presently to cover a retreat, in which it lost one hundred and eighty-five men taken captive. Its total loss in this affair - killed, wounded, and prisoners - was two hundred and forty-four. Many incidents of personal valor and cunning occurred to the Fifth here. Lieutenant Kirkup, of Cincinnati, after being taken, escaped his guard and went but a little way, when he met two rebels and ¢laimed them as prisoners. They gave up, and under their guidance he got out of the mountains and rejoined his command. 'The colors were saved on the retreat by color corporals Brinkman and Shaw wrapping them about their bodies and swimming the Shenandoah, whence they made their way to General Fremont's command four days after. The retreat was kept up to Luray, where rest was had till June 24th, when the regiment moved through Thoroughfare Gap to Bristow's Station, and was thenceforth on daily march for five weeks, over more than five hundred miles, compelled thereto by the rapid and obscure movements of Stonewall Jackson in the valley. When at last halted at Alexandria, the men of the Fifth were completely fagged out, were shelterless, and nearly naked. After rest and reequipment on the twenty-fifth of July it went by rail to Warrenton, remaining there some days, and thence marching to Little Washington. Here General Tyler, commanding the brigade, took leave of it, and particularly of the Fifth, which was specially endeared to him. General Geary, afterwards governor of Pennsylvania, succeeded him. August gth, from Culpeper Court-House, the regiment made a forced march to the battle-field of Cedar Mountain, in which it took full part, Colonel Patrick commanding. The Union forces were pressed back by overwhelming numbers, and the Fifth lost eighteen killed, thirteen officers and eighty-nine men wounded, and two missing, out of two hundred and seventy-five in the.action. Among the badly wounded was Lieutenant Colonel Armstrong, who was obliged to retire from field service.

The Fifth participated in the retrograde movements of Pope's army and the terrible battles on the plains of Manassas. After brief respite it joined the forces pursuing the rebels, passing through Frederick. City and other points, and reaching the field of Antietam September 16th. Here it was closely engaged the next day, under command of Major Collins, once in a hand-to-hand conflict, in which many of the men used the butts of their guns, until the enemy slowly and stubbornly gave way. At another point the brigade to which it belonged, reduced to five hundred men, held its ground against a much larger force, and was so poorly supported that it had to fall back to avoid being outflanked. -In this battle the Fifth emptied its cartridge boxes three times, firing about one hundred shots per man, and marking the front of its positions by rows of dead rebels. It lost fifty-four men killed and wounded, of one hundred. and eighty engaged. Its'next camp was at Dumfries, in December, where the garrison was attacked on the twenty-seventh by Stuart's cavalry, the action lasting through an entire afternoon, when the rebels retreated. Lieutenants Walker and Le- Force, of company G, were killed, three of the regiment wounded, and five taken. The Fifth then rested at Dumfries till April 24, 1863, when it joined the advance of Hooker across the Rappahannock, and was engaged throughout at Chancellorsville, performing a distinguished part in that bloody action. It was also in the great battle of Gettysburgh, July 3d, and in the fruitless pursuit that followed. Lieutenant Brinkman, one of the heroes of Port Republic, was killed at Gettysburgh. In August, the regiment was sent to New York city to quell the draft riots, and remained there till September 8th, when it returned to Alexandria, and after sundry marches was taken by rail to Murfreesborough, Tennessee, receiving many tokens of regard as it passed through Ohio, but not being allowed to visit Cincinnati, where many of the men had not been for two and a half years. October 3, 1863, they reached the intrenchments at Murfreesborough, and finding the enemy in the vicinity, whom they assisted in repelling. Rejoining the Potomac troops, the Eleyenth and Twelfth corps, which had been transported to Lookout valley, the Fifth took part in the tamous "battle above the clouds;" afterwards did post duty at Bridgeport, Alabama, was in the advance on Atlanta and some of the battles of that campaign, in one of the first of which Colonel Patrick lost his life. The time of the regiment expired during this movement, and it was moved to the rear in charge of prisoners. Many of the men, notwithstanding their hard service, decided to re-enlist, and had the privilege of a short furlough. They soon rejoined the conquering host pressing upon Atlanta, and were in the march to the sea and through the Carolinas and the great reviews at Washington, from which they returned to Cincinnati/ They were mustered out at Louisville, July 26, 1865, and finally paid and discharged at Camp Dennison.

Scarcely any Ohio regiment has a more remarkable history. Ittook part in twenty-eight engagements, including six pitched battles, with many reconnoissances and skirmishes, marched on foot one thousand three hundred and seventy-five miles, travelled nine hundred and ninety-three miles by rail, and sustained a total loss of five hundred men, killed, wounded, and prisoners.

Transferred: - Sergeant Major Thomas Hussey; Quartermaster Sergeant William Daum; Commissary Sergeants Alfred G. Swain and William Sheffield; Hospital Stewards Francis McNaily and Edward White.

Transferred. - First Sergeants Herman Belmer and James Richey; Sergeants Henry A. Trotman and Henry C. Koogle; Musician Washington G. Bennett; Privates John Collins, George Gates, Franklin Morrell, Gersham D., Miller, Andrew Seary, James Woods.

On muster-in, but not on muster-out roll. - Sergeant Edward D. Spooner; Privates Joseph Burkhardt, Charles Evans, John Sullivan, John Snatse, Charles Tribbe.

Died. - Corporal Patrick Fitzgibbons; Privates William B. S. Anderson, Henry A. Balser, William Bragg, John A. Cowan, Alexander S. Rower, Leverette H. S. Whitcom.

On muster-in, not on muster-out roll. - First Sergeant Harry G. Armstrong; Privates Henry Hayward, Thomas Marlatt, Samuel Robinson, Frank Seaman.

Drafted men and substitutes for Hamilton county assigned to this regiment, but not accounted for on its muster out rolls. - Lewis Burke, John Britton, James Campbell, James Stevens, John Williams.

Sixth Ohio Infantry

The nucleus of the Sixth was an independent organization in Cincinnati - the Guthrie Gray battalion. It was recruited in April, 1861, for three months, and mustered April 18th, at Camp Harrison, by Major (afterwards Major General) Gordon Granger. It reorganized in June for three years, and mustered June 18th, with one thousand and sixteen officers andmen. It arrived at Grafton, West Virginia, June 30th, marched to Philippi Independence day, and thence to Laurel Hill, where it took part against Garret's rebels and in their pursuit, ending in the action at Carrick's Ford July roth. On the twentieth it moved to Beverly, where Colonel Bosley took command where it lost Captain Bense, Lieutenants Scheiffer and Gilman, and forty men of company I, taken prisoners while on picket. In November the regiment was transported to Louisville to join Buell's Army of the Ohio, and placed in the Fourth division under General Nelson, and Fifteenth brigade, Colonel Hascall, commanding. It remained in camp of instruction at Camp Wickliffe, sixty miles south of Louisville, till the middle of February, 1862, when it was taken up the Cumberland river to Nashville, just after the surrender of Fort Donelson. It was the first of the Army of the Ohio to reach that city, and its regimental flag was the first national color hoisted on the State house. Here the Sixth was changed to the Tenth brigade. March 27th the army pushed southward, and the Sixth was in the advance of Buell's forces that came up to relieve the distressed combatants at the battle of Pittsburgh Landing, reaching the line just in time to repel the last charge made by the rebels upon the left that day. It was not very actively engaged the next morning, but supported a battery gallantly, under heavy artillery fire. After the battle it was encamped upon the field until May 24th, when it joined the advance on Corinth, took full part in the operations there and in the pursuit for sixty miles southward, returning through Iuka, Tuscumbia, and Florence to Athens, Alabama, and there staid in camp till July 17th, when the whole division was removed to Murfreesborough, and then to McMinnville. The Sixth was here quartered in the village, and did duty as provost guards. August 17th the retrograde movement of General Buell to the Ohio began; the Sixth moved with its division to Louisville, and was there brigaded with the Third brigade, Second division, Fourteenth Army corps. It engaged in the chase of Brage's retreating forces, until near Cumberland gap, and again encamped near Nashville November 23rd. Inthe advance of Rosecrans' army upon Murfreesborough the last of December, it did full share of skirmishing and picket duty, and was very heavily engaged on the thirty-first, losing one hundred and fifty-two by various casualties - but only six prisoners - of three hundred and eighty-three on the field. Other but smaller losses were sustained shortly after. It went into camp for several months, eight miles east of Murfreesborough, and while here, received from the ladies of Cincinnati a beautiful stand of colors, and from the city council a regimental banner, which were thenceforth proudly borne by the Sixth to the close of its service.

While at Cripple creek, it made several reconnoissances to the front, marched with the army against Tullahoma June 24, 1863, and remained encamped at Manchester from July 7th to August 16th, when the campaign against Chattanooga began. It was in the battle of Chickamauga, and lost one hundred and twenty-five officers and men of three hundred and eighty-four engaged. Colonel Anderson was wounded in the first day's fight, and Major Erwin commanded the regiment till the return of Lieutenant Colonel Chiistopher from recruiting ser* vice. At Chattanooga, after the battle, the Sixth went into the Second brigade, Third division, Fourth corps. It shared fully the privations of the starvation period there, and a number of picked men from it were in the action at Brown's Ferry October 25th, which relieved the partial blockade. It was with its corps in the advance on Orchard Knob, near Chattanooga, November 23rd, and in the charge up Mission Ridge two days after. Major Erwin was killed in the preliminary skirmish of that day. On the twenty-eighth it moved to the relief of Knoxville, then menaced by Longstreet, and encamped near it December 7th. The winter and part of the spring were spent in East Tennessee, in the severest service the regiment had, marching much, living in shelter tents, and subsisting scantily. April 12, 1864, it rested near Cleveland, and did garrison duty till May 17th, when it left to join the Atlanta campaign, and guarded the railroad bridge at Resaca till June 6, when it was ordered home to be mustered out, which was done at Camp Dennison on the twenty-third. It had marched three thousand two hundred and fifty miles, and otherwise travelled two thousand six hundred and fifty, making in all five thousand nine hundred miles. It was in four pitched battles, losing three hundred and twenty-five killed, wounded and missing, and in several minor actions. It had but sixteen deaths by disease, and at least two hundred of its officers and men never lost a day's duty. Thirty officers and four hundred and ninety-five enlisted men were at the muster-out.

First Sergeant Henry A. Petty. Sergeant John W. Moore. Sergeant Edwin Edwards. Sergeant Robert Delaney. Sergeant Brian P. Critchell. Corporal John A. Cashing. PRIVATES.

On muster in, not on muster out roll. - Privates, W. A. Bouregard, Lexi H. Barchus, Robert Davis, Lawrence Guise, George Hoffman, Arthur Imer, John Jager, George Willason, John O'Neil, Josepk Reilly, Avoni Rollins, William H. H, Stout, Henry Williams, Constantine Zimmerman.

Ninth Ohio Infantry

Upon receipt of the thrilling news of the fall of Sumter, the Germans of Cincinnati promptly held a meeting at Turner hall, which was addressed by Judge Stallo, Colonel R. L. McCook, and other prominent citizens. The issue of this gathering was the raising of a German regiment, for which two hundred men enrolled at once, and within three days fifteen hundred were offered. The Ninth was mustered for three months April 22d, at Camp Harrison, and moved to Camp Dennison May 18th, where it was soon after mustered in for the long term, the first three years' regiment from the State, in consideration of which the Columbus ladies sent it a superb bass drum. It numbered one thousand and thirty-five officers and men, with a band of twenty-four. On the twentieth of June it took the field in Western Virginia, made a rapid march from Webster to Philippi, fifteen miles in three hours, and thence to Buckhannon, meeting the enemy at Little Fork bridge, but not in force. The Ninth was engaged at Rich Mountain directly after, and sustained a small loss. From the advance to Cheat Mountain it was ordered back to Beverly, and thence to New Creek, on the Potomac, arriving July 27th. Uncommonly severe guard duty awaited it here and continued about a month, when the regiment moved to the interior and was assigned to the Second brigade. September 7th the Ninth eight wounded. For two months and half it was encamped on New river, having frequent skirmishes with the enemy, in which a few men were lost. Ordered west, it left "Camp Anderson" November 24th, and arrived at Louisville December 2d, going from there to Lebanon, where it was assigned to the Third brigade, Férst division, Army of the Ohio. January 1, 1862, the division moved on Columbia, and from there to meet Zollicoffer. The Ninth was in the action at Mill Springs, and made the decisive charge of the day. Upon the return to Louisville in February, the Union ladies of the city presented for their bravery in this battle. The regiment was then transported by water to Nashville, reaching it March 2d, and leaving a_ fortnight after for Pittsburgh Landing, where it arrived too late to join inthe battle. It was in the advance on Corinth, and for some way in the pursuit beyond; but was marched to Tuscumbia, Alabama, June 22d. While in camp there the Ninth received an elegant regimental flag, presented by the city of Cincinnati. July 27th it moved toward Decherd, Tennessee, and on this march its colonel, Robert L. Cook, commanding the brigade, fell ill, and riding in an ambulance ahead of the column, was overtaken and cruelly murdered by guerillas. From Decherd the regiment moved with the Army of the Ohio in its toilsome and painful retreat: to 'Louisville, which was reached September 27th. Octoh-

3d it was marched out toward Perryville, and was in action, with small loss, near the close of the battle on the 8th. After pursuing Bragg to Crab Orchard, it was re-open the railway from Louisville to Nashville. This was done by hard, energetic work, between November 8th and 26th. The next guard duty was at Pilot Knob, and during the battle of Murfreesborough it guarded fords on the Cumberland. January 14th to March 6, 1863, the Ninth was on duty about Nashville, scouting and reconnoitering, when it was ordered.to Triune and engaged in drilling, building fortifications, etc. It was here equipped with Springfield rifles, and also welcomed cordially a new regimental band. Marched again June 24th, through heavy rains, for seventeen days, to Tullahoma, and thence over Lookout Mountain, reaching McLemore's cove September roth. On the 17th it moved toward the battle-field of Chickamauga, marching all night through lanes of burning fences, and was in the thick of the fight the next day. It recaptured a lost battery, aided in the repulse of Longstreet, and on the second day took part in the famous bayonet charge of Van Dervour's brigade. In the battle the Ninth sustained one-third of the entire loss of its brigade, losing eleven officers and two hundred and thirty-seven men, almost exactly half of its whole number inaction: It then suffered with the rest of the army for a season at Chattanooga. When General Thomas took command, the regiment entered the Sec, ond brigade, Third division, Army of the Cumberland. It was in the assault on Mission Ridge, and, with. one other regiment repulsed, a charge by a greatly superior force. December 3oth it escorted a battery and train to Calhoun; and, February 25, 1864, took part in a sharp skirmish at Crow's Valley. In March and April it was encamped at Ringgold, and May sth it'started on the Atlanta campaign. It was in the battle of Resaca May 15th, moving thence to the Etowah river, where it remained on active duty until its term expired, May 27th. Up to the last moment it stood within range of the enemy's guns, and was finally relieved by General Thomas in person from the outer picket line. Their fellow-soldiers lined the road and gave it enthusiastic cheers by way of farewell. It was received with great enthusiam at Cincinnati, and mustered out at Camp Dennison June 7, 1864. The attachment of the members of this regiment to its memories and to each other is so great that they hold reunions every Sunday, at some convenient place in the city, where they fight their battles o'er again. FIELD AND STAFF.

Tenth Ohio Infantry

tered in May 7, 1861, and shortly after marched from Camp Harrison to Camp Dennison, seventeen miles, in less than four hours, Many officers and enlisted men had seen service in Mexico and Europe. It was inspected at Camp Dennison by General McClellan, and highly complimented by him. In the latter part of May the Tenth re-enlisted almost in a body for three years, and was again mustered in, June 3d, as a three-years' regiment, when the ladies of Cincinnati presented it a splendid stand of colors. June 24th it was reported to General Mc- Clellan at Grafton, and marched thence to Clarksburgh, whence it moved to the relief of a beleaguered force at Glenville, but found it relieved without a fight. Two months marching and scouting in the mountains followed, after which it led the advance of Rosecrans to Carnifex Ferry. Here the regiment was hotly engaged and compelled to fall back. In.the subsequent movements the Tenth took an active share, serving in every skirmish and battle in that campaign, closing with the chase of Floyd from Cotton mountain. November 2d, the Tenth returned to Cincinnati on its way to Kentucky, and received a most enthusiastic greeting as the "heroes of Carnifex." Some of the streets through which it moved were so thronged that space was scarcely left for the column. It formed in line of Broadway, opposite Colonel Lytle's home, where he was suffering from a wound, but arose and accompanied his regiment on its triumphal march. After a week in the city it went to Kentucky and was assigned to the Thirteenth brigade, Third division of Buell's army. Through Kentucky and Tennessee it shared the splendid achievements of General Mitchel, its division commander, and upon reaching Huntsville, Alabama, it was put on provost guard duty, which it performed to the eminent satisfaction of the citizens. Colonel Lytle was now commanding the brigade, and led it on the long march back to the Ohio. October 2d, the regiment received sixty recruits, and the next day moved toward Perryville, where it was very sharply engaged, losing almost exactly one half the number with which it went into action. When General Rosecrans relieved Buell the Tenth was announced as headquarters and provost guard of the Army of the Cumberland, relieving the Fifteenth United States infantry. During the battle of Stone River it protected the communications, and was highly commended in the official report. Seven companies of the regiment saved a train which was being plundered by Wheeler's cavalry, besides turning back several thousand fugitives from the battle-field. At headquarters, some time after, Mrs. Rosecrans personally presented the members of the "Roll of Honor" in the regiment with their badges, and pinned them herself on the breasts of the veterans. A beautiful national flag was also received from the city of Cincinnati in appreciation of the gallantry and daring of the Tenth. The regiment was present with Rosecrans at Chickamauga, and with Thomas at Mission Ridge, Buzzard Roost, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, and in the Atlanta campaign to Kingston. When its term had nearly expired it was formed in front of headquarters, where General Thomas, contrary to his custom, addressed it a few words of parting cheer and of compliment for its bearing on all occasions. General Whipple, chief of staff, sent a eulogistic letter expressing his deep regret that the army was about to lose the "glorious old Tenth Ohio." The boys gave "three times three" for General Thomas, and another for the Army of the Cumberland, and still another for the Union cause, and then filed off homeward bound. Its return was cordially welcomed in Cincinnati, and it was shortly afterward mustered out of service. FIELD AND STAFF.

Eleventh Ohio Infantry

Only part of this regiment was raised in Hamilton county. It mustered in for three months April, 1861, and for three years June 20, 1861. Taking the field in July, it formed part of the celebrated Kanawha division, led by General J. D. Cox, and participated in all the movements of the division: in West Virginia and elsewhere. At one time company K, principally mechanics, rebuilt a bridge across the Pocotaligo in less than a day, with no tools but some axes and augers._- The same company afterwards helped to build two boats, together forming a ferry-boat one hundred and forty feet long, with which communication was opened between the wings of the Kanawha army. The Eleventh was in the battle of South Mountain, and took part in the famous charge against the stone wall; fought also at Antietam, was removed to Tennessee in February, 1863, participated in the advance on Chattanooga, was in the battles of Chickamauga and Mission Ridge, and some months after in a desperate charge up a steep declivity near Buzzard's Roost, when it lost one-sixth of its men.

colors by the ladies of Troy, Ohio. The regiment, after a hearty welcome in Cincinnati on its return, was mustered out June 21, 1864. Until the time of its disbandment, from December, 1861, a regimental church was kept up, and the religious element was always prominent in the command.

The Eleventh battalion of Ohio infantry was composed of two companies of this regiment whose time did not expire as soon as the others, and also of those who reenlisted as veterans. They were commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Stubbs, who had been sergeant major of the original organization; accompanied Sherman in his last campaign; and were mustered out at the close of the

Mustered for Transfer, but Mustered out with Company. - Corporals William Crawford, August Herring; Privates, James G. Achuff, John Londin, John Mallee, Samuel A. McQuiston, James Morris, James Riley, Daniel Ross, Frederick Steirley, John H. Trump, Peter Walter, James Wallace, George Wintringham, James Salter, Joseph C. Brown.

Eighteenth Ohio Infantry

This regiment was organized at Camps Wood and Dennison between August and November, 1861. Its service was with the Armies of the Ohio and the Cumberland; it was in the battle of Chickamauga and other actions, and was honorably discharged November 9, 1864. Asecond organization, bearing the same name, was formed from the veterans of several Ohio regiments, and fought in the battle of Nashville. It was retained in service until October 22, 1865, when it was mustered out at Columbus. FIELD AND STAFF. Adjutant Henry H. Welch. Musician Velosu A. Taylor. Hospital Steward John C. Cochran. Quartermaster Sergeant George P. Jarvis.

Twentieth Ohio Infantry

The three months' regiment of this number was raised at once upon the outbreak of war. One company (B) was recruited at Oxford, Butler county, mainly from the students of Miami university. Among them were the following-named from Cincinnati:

Twenty-Third Ohio Infantry

This was Colonel (afterwards General) Rosecrans' regiment. Among its field officers were also Rutherford B. Hayes, Stanley Matthews, James M. Conly, and E. Parker Scammon, three of whom became generals, and one of them President of the United States. It was organized at Camp Chase, in June, 1861, for three years' service; served in West Virginia, and elsewhere in the éast, was at the battle of Cedar Creek, and other famous actions, and was finally mustered out July 26, 1865, at Cumberland. ' STAFF OFFICER. Sergeant Major William W. Stevens.

Twenty-Seventh Ohio Infantry

The organization of this regiment took place at Camp Chase in August, 1861. Before December they are heard of at St. Louis, St. Charles and Mexico, Missouri, Lexington, Kansas City, and Sadalia. During this month they shared in the capture of thirteen hundred recruits on their way to join the rebel General Price. In March this regiment was in the advance in the movement on Island No. 10, and May 1, was with the army that

Twenty-seventh was a part of the force sent to recapture Iuka. October 3, at the battle of Corinth it lost heavily. A timely reinforcement of two hundred recruits arrived soon after. Early in November, the Ohio brigade, of which the Twenty-seventh formed a part, with Grant's army, marched to Oxford, Mississippi. They were next ordered to Jackson, Tennessee, to intercept Forrest, whom they met at Parker's cross roads, where an engagement took place, resulting in the capture of seven guns, three hundred and sixty prisoners, and four hundred horses. Shortly after re-enlistment, this brigade moved against and captured Decatur. At Dallas the rebels were driven before them. The regiment was also engaged with Hood's corps on the twenty-eighth of May, skirmished at Big Shanty in June, and fought at Kenesaw and Nicojack creek in July.

heaviest loss. In the pursuit of Hood to the northward, it had a part; it also marched with Sherman to the sea, and was in the campaign of the Carolinas. After Johnston's surrender, the Twenty-seventh moved to Washington, and in July, 1865, at Camp Dennison, received its final payment and discharge. FIELD AND STAFF. Sergeant Major Jacob C. Cohen.

Twenty-Eighth Ohio Infantry

This 'regiment was recruited largely among the Cincinnati Germans; and so much attached are those of its surviving members who yet reside in the city to its memory, that they still hold monthly re-unions on Sundays, at some convenient rendezvous - a case not exactly paralleled, we venture to say, anywhere in the world. It was mustered in July 6, 1861, for three years, and moved from Camp Dennison to Point Pleasant, Virginia, on the thirty-first. Colonel Merr, with four hundred picked men, presently relieved the home guards at Spencer, where they were besieged by the rebels. The regiment joined the force under General Rosecrans, and fought at Carnifex Ferry, where it lost three killed and twenty-seven wounded. October 21st, at New River, two of its companies had a sharp fight with the rebels on the Union picket line. The winter and part of the next spring were spent at Gauley, in thorough drill and instruction; and May 2, 1862, the Twenty-eighth marched to Fayetteville and took place in the Second brigade of the Kanawha division, under General Cox. At Wolf creek, near East River mountain, two companies defeated a rebel force, and destroyed a wagon train loaded with commissary stores. About half the regiment was in the next fight, near Wytheville, losing six dead and eleven wounded. Several other skirmishes occurred during the operations of the summer, but without much loss. to Washington, begun at Flat Top mountain , August 15th, the regiment had a skirmish with Stuart's cavalry at Fallchurch, September 4th. The division was now attached to the Ninth army corps, under General Reno. September 13th, Colonel Mori's brigade, in which was the Twentyeighth, drove the rebels out of Frederick City. At South Mountain the Kanawha division bore the brunt of the battle. At Antietam this regiment was the first to ford the creek above the stone bridge, and remained on the skirmish line of the Ninth corps all night. It lost forty- .two killed and hurt in this action. The next winter was passed in West Virginia, mainly at Buckhannon. About the middle of June the command was marched to Maryland, and then back to Beverly, to repel a threatened invasion. At Droop mountain, July 6th, a rebel force was attacked and defeated, with heavy loss. The remainder of the summer, "and the fall and winter, were spent in active operations, with much marching and other hardships, but no great amount of fighting. April 25, 1864, the Twenth-eighth was ordered to the army of the Shenandoah, to "fight mit Siegel," who was then reorganizing the army at Bunker Hill. It aided to force Imboden from New Market, May 11th, and was in the battle of New Market the next day, which was fought in a heavy thunder- 'storm. June 5th it was in the attack upon the rebel General Jones near Piedmont, and was the only regiment of the force charging the works that did not, fall back, holding its ground and preventing the rebels from making a centre charge for three-fourths of an hour, when it was recalled and handsomely complimented by General Hunter. The third charge forced the enemy from his works, killing General Jones, and deciding the battle. The Twentyeighth lost thirty-three killed and one hundred and five wounded, out of four hundred and eighty-four engaged. Two color-bearers were killed and three wounded; and the flag was torn by seventy-two balls and pieces of shell. After another month and a half of very active service, it was ordered home, greeted warmly by its multitudinous friends at Cincinnati, and mustered out July 23d. Its total losses in the field were two officers killed, seven wounded; ninety enlisted men killed, one hundred and sixty-two wounded, one hundred and seventy-three disabled by disease; in all four hundred and thirty-four.

a Tobias Nagal. Transferred. - First Sergeant Conrad Schleicher; Corporals R, eas eee angen a ney Gurenstein, Ludwig Hohnstedt, Henry Oker; Privates Phillip Arnold, a Facute at ae one : John Adel, Joseph Deyer, John Klein, Charles Kleppe, William Moser, Eivstaldemtemant borrent-anin ity Frederick Meyer, Edward Schombard, George Schulpraft, John