Harrison County, Ohio - Harrison County Settlers in 1813, 1900

Harrison County Settlers in 1813

Following are the names of some of the early settlers and non-resident land-owners of Harrison county (outside of Cadiz village) up to and including the year 1813. This was the year in which Harrison county was erected, its territory before that time being comprised in Jefferson county. This list includes the names of all those who had land patents issued by the United States Government before 1815; and it is from the dates of these that many of the dates in the list are taken. Nearly all of these patents were issued after 1801; although, as a matter of fact, in almost every case, settlement and improvements had been made on the land by the patentee or his assignor, from one to five years before. The first lands sold in Harrison county after the opening of the land office in Steubenville were under a credit sj^stem, which gave the purchaser four years' time after the date of his entry to make his payments; and patents were not issued until the payments had been completed. In some cases time of payment was extended for some years beyond the original period, so that the patent may have been dated several years after settlement was begun. A full list of all Harrison county land patents issued by the United States will be found in the latter part of this volume. Several dates in the following list are taken from the old township book of Short Creek township, an abstract of which was prepared by Mr. Oliver Cope, and printed in the Cadiz Republican near the close of the year 1895. Other dates, particularly those prior to 1801, are taken from family histories and records, and not to be relied upon absolutely. In this resrard the list is not so full or correct as could be desired, and the v^Wilham Anderson, 1811; Comfort iVrnold, 1810, from Pennsylvania; ^ Daniel Blair, 1812, from Somerset count}^, Pa.; William Barnhill, 1811; John P. Pond, 1811; Samuel Boyd, 1813; John Busby, before 1812, from Maryland; Zebediah Cox, 1810; Alexander Crawford, 1808, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; Edward Crawford, 1806, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; James Devore, 1811; Andrew Endsley, 1810; David Endsley, 1808; John Endsle}', 1810; Andrew Farrier, 1808; Samuel Ferguson, 1812; i/ George Fisher, 1811, from Washington county. Pa.; James Fisher, 1811; Isabella Haggerty, 1811; George Harriman, 1811, from Washington county, Pa; Thomas Hitchcock, before 1809, from Maryland; Gabriel Holland, before 1812, from Maryland; Peter Kail, 1810; Isaac Lemasters, 1813, from western Virginia; William Lisle, 1811; Joseph McClain,

1812, from W^estmoreland county. Pa.; William McCreery, 1811, from Westmoreland county, Pa.; Robert McKee, before 1811, from Fayette county. Pa.; Alexander McKittrick, 1813, -from Washington county. Pa.; Robert Meeks, 1812; David Moody, 1813; Hugh Orr, 1812, from Westmoreland county. Pa.; Isaac Osburn, 1809; Charles Porter, 1813; Arthur Reed, 1810, from Pennsylvania; John Roush, 1812; James Steward,

1813, from Washington county, Pa.; William Wartembe, 1807, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; John Welch, about 1801, from Pennsylvania; Thomas Williams, 1812, from Brooke county, (West) Va.

In Athens Township before 1814. - Simpson Bethel, 1806, from Loudoun county, Va.; Stacy Bevan, 1811; Jacob Black, Sr., 1808, from Fayette county. Pa.; James Cooke, before 1810, from Washington county, Pa.; Joseph Covert, 1813, from Fayette county. Pa.; William Crawford, 1809; David Cunningham, 1811, from Fayette county, Pa.; Joshua Dickerson, 1811, from Fayette county, Pa.; David Drake, 1806; Adam Dunlap, before 1809, from Fayette county, Pa.; John Dunlap, 1812, from Fayette county. Pa.; William Dunlap, 1806, from Fayette county. Pa.; John Fagley, 1810; Samuel Foster, 1813, from Allegheny county, Pa.; Thomas Gordon, 1811; Samuel Hanna, 1805, from Washington county. Pa.; Joseph Hollaway, 1810; Samuel Hutchison, 1810, from Chester county. Pa.; Robert Innis, 1812, from W^estmorcland county. Pa.; Tamuel Jumpes, 1812; Samuel Knight, 1808; Job Lewis, 1811; John Loney, 1813; John Love, 1808, from Washington county. Pa.; John Mc- Adams, 1811, from Washington county. Pa.; George McConnell, 1805, from Washington county, Pa.; John McConnell, 1806, from Washington county. Pa.; John McCo_y, 1806, from Washington county, Pa.; Thomas McCoy, hefore 1810, from western Virginia; Robert McCracken, 1805, from Washington county, Pa.; James McDowell, 1806, from Fayette county. Pa; John McDowell, 1809, from Fayette county. Pa.; Samuel McDowell, Jr., 180(), from Fayette county. Pa.; John Maliolm, 1812; Alexander Moore, 1813; N'athaniel Parramour, 1811; Caleb Pumphrey, 1808; John Eeed, 1812; Nathan Shepherd, 1807, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; Roger Toothaker, 1811; Jacob Webb, 1806, from Fayette county, Pa.

In Cadiz township before 1814 (Exclusive of Cadiz Village.) - John Agnew, 1807, from Washington county. Pa.; Reuben Allen, 1812, from Maryland; James Allison, about 1810; George Barricklow, 1812, from Fayette county, Pa.; Henry Barricklow, 1809, from Fayette county. Pa.; Valentine Barriger, 1813, from Adams county. Pa.; Arthur Barrett, 1808, from Frederick county, Va.; John Baxter, 1812, from Allegeheny county. Pa.; Zaecheus A. Beatty, 1804; Zaccheus Biggs, of Steubenville, 1806; John Blair, before 1810; Eannei Blair, 1809, from Brooke county, (West) Va. ; Thomas Burkhead, 1812; Samuel Carnahan, 1806; Joshua Cecil, 1813; Nathan Chaney, 1805, from Virginia; Robert Cochran, before 1805, from Allegheny county. Pa.; Samuel Dunlap, 1805, from Fayette county. Pa.; John Eagieson, 1813, from Maryland; Abraham Furney, before 1805, from Germany; John Gilchrist, 1811, from Fayette county. Pa.; Francis Gilmore, 1808; Samuel Gilmore, before 1805, from Hopewell township, Washington county. Pa.; William Grimes, 1813; Jesse Haines, 1811; James Haverfield, before 1810, from Huntingdon county. Pa.; Samuel Heavlin, 1812; Samuel Hedges, before 1810, from Virginia; Alexander Henderson, 1813, from Pennsylvania; John Jamison, before 1805, from Hopewell township, Washington county; Absolom Kent, 1805, from Fayette county. Pa.; George Leporth, 1806; Samuel McDoAvell, 1811; John McFadden, before 1805, from Hopewell township, Washington county. Pa.; Joseph McFadden, before 1805, from HopeM^ell township, Washington county, Pa.; John McMillan, 1807; Andrew McNeely, before 1805, from Berks county. Pa.; James Mahon, 1812; Arthur Martin, 1813, from Lancaster county, Pa.; Matthew Mitchell, 1806, from Washington county. Pa.; John Morris, 1813, from western A^irginia; John Ogievee, before 1805, from Fayette corinty. Pa.; John Perry, 1813; James Porter, before 1805, from Washington county. Pa.; Samuel Porter, before 1805, from Washington county.

Pa.; Joseph Kogers, 1808, from Maryland; William Rogers, 1811, from Maryland; Adam Eoss, 1801, from York county, Pa.; John Ross, ISOi, from Pennsylvania; Joseph Steer, 1805; James Stewart, 1813; David Thompson, about 1814, from county Tyrone, Ireland; Elizabeth Toole, 1810; Bazaleel Wells, of Steubenville, 1806; Charles D. Wells, 1813; Robert Wilkin, before 1802, from Pennsylvania; Thomas Wilson, 1813, from Brooke county, (West) Va.

In Franklin Township before 181-4. - Walter Craig, 1809; William Craig, 1809, from W^ashington county. Pa.; Benjamin Johnson, 1813, from Brooke county (West) Va.; Joel Johnson, 1812, from Brooke county, (West) \^a.; Joseph Johnson, 1811, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; Benjamin Price, before 1805, from New Jersey; Jonathan West, 1811, from Pennsylvania.

In Freeport Township before 1814. - Isaac Cadwallader, 1811, from Fayette county. Pa.; Samuel Colvin, 1812, from Washington count}-. Pa.; Daniel Easley, 1810, from Halifax county, Va.; John Gilmore, 1810, from New York; John Flollett, about 1806, from Maryland; Berriman McLaughlin, 1808; William Milton, 1812, from Washington county. Pa.; James, John, Richard, Thomas, and William Reeves, 1813; Henrv Stevens, 1808.

In German Township before 1814. - George Abel, from Loudoun county, Va.; John Abrams, 1811; George Atkinson, 1804, from Brooke county (West) Va.; Jacob Beckley, 1813; Robert Birney, 1807, from Chester county. Pa.; Stephen Ford, 1807; William Gallaher, 1809, from Fayette county, Pa.; David Gibson, 1809, from Brooke county, (West) Va. ; jSicholas Gutshall, 1806, from Washington cpunty. Pa.; James Hanna, 1810, from WasMngton county, Pa.; George Hartford, 1809, Brooke county, (West) Va.; James Hazlett, 1812, from Fayette countv, Pa.; Henry Heisler, 1806, from Northumberland county. Pa.; Peter Hesser, 1807; Francis Holmes, 1811; Nathan Johnson, 1813; Jacob Kail, before 1806, from Pennsylvania; John Kail, before 1810, from Pennsylvania; James Kelly, 1809; Robert Kelly, 1811, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; William Kelly, 1813, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; James B. ]\Iagrew, 1806, from Westmoreland county, Pa.; Peter Marklev, 1811, from Washington county, Pa.; Benjamin Menyard, 1811; David Miller, 1813; William Nichols, 1813; George Pfautz, 1805, from Cumberland county. Pa.; Frederick Reed, 1807; John Riddle, 1812, from Allegheny county. Pa,; Jacob Sadler, 1806; George Shultz, 1810, from Loudoun county, Va. ; Jacob Smyer, 1810; Joseph Sprott, 1806, from

Fayette county, Pa,; Jacob Stees, 1812; Matthias Stohl, 1806; William Wallace, 1809, from Brooke comity, (West) Va.; Benjamin Wheeler, 1806, from Baltimore county, Md.; Nicholas Wheeler, before 1810, from Maryland; John Winnance, 1812.

In Green Township before 1814. - John Baker, before 1805, from Pennsylvania; Henry Barriger, 1813, from Adams county, Pa.; William Birney, 1813; James Black, 1806, from Adams county. Pa.; Anthony Bricker, 1801; George Brokaw, before 1805, from Pennsylvania; John Caldwell, 1808. from Fayette county, Pa.; Alexander Cassil, 1806, from Washington county. Pa.; Joseph Clark, 1806, from Westmoreland county, Pa.; John Craig, 1803, from Donegal township, Washington county. Pa.; John Croskey, before 1805, from N^ew Jersey; Kobert Croskey, before 1805, from Pennsylvania ; Kobert Davidson, before 180^irfrom Pennsylvania; Philip Deleiiy, 1806; Henry Ferguson, 1806, from Washington county. Pa.; Archibald Fletcher, 1813, from Adams county. Pa.; James Ford, 1808, from Brooke county, (West) Ya.; John Fowler, before 1810, from Maryland; John Fulton, 1806, from Fayette county. Pa.; John Gardner, 1810, from Washington county. Pa.; Hugh Gwynn, 1813; William Hanna, 1805, from Pennsylvania; William Hogg, 1801, from Fayette county. Pa.; William FEolmes, before 1804, from Pennsylvania; Joseph Kent, 1806, from Washington county. Pa.; John Laughlin, before 1806, from Pennsylvania; Caleb Merryman, 1807, from Baltimore county, Md.; Jane Milligan, 1811, from Adams county. Pa.; Mark Milliken, before 1812, from Pennsylvania; William Moore, before 1805, from Hopewell township, Washington count)'^. Pa.; John ISTicodemus, before 1805; John Oldshoe, before 1806; Eobert Orr, before 1805, from Westmoreland county. Pa.; William Orr, 1812; Joseph Pumphrey, 1806; William Pumphrey, 1806; John Eamsey, before 1805, from Washington county. Pa.; Thomas Eankin, 1807; Rev. John Pica, 1804, from Washington count}^. Pa.; John Shepherd, 1807; Jacob Shepler, S06, from Westmoreland count)^. Pa.; Martin Snyder, before 1805; John Stapler, 1806, from Bucks county. Pa.; Galbreath Stewart, 1805, from West Middletowu, Washington county. Pa.; John Taggart, before 1805, from Washington coimt}^. Pa.; Hugh Tease, 1806; Fdmund Tipton, about 1814; John Wallace, 1804, from York county. Pa.; William Watt, before 1804, from Washington county. Pa., Pa.; Bazaleel Wells, of Steubenville, 1805; Daniel Welch, before 1803, from Cecil township, Washington county. Pa.; John Wilson, 1806, from Washington count}^. Pa.; John Young, 1814, from Anne Arundel county, Md.

In Moorefield Township before 18 1-J-. - Eobert Baxter, 1812; Robert Bell, 1811; John Cadwalladcr, Jr., 1812; Thomas Crabtree, 1812; Robert Hurton, 1811, from Ohio county, (West) Va. ; Henry Johnson, 1812, from Allegany connty, Md. ; Joseph and Lemuel Johnson, 1812; William Johnson, 1810, from Allegany county, ]\Id.; John Kennedy, 1811, from Washington county. Pa.; Matthew Kennedy, 1811, from Scotland and the District of Columbia; John Knight, 1812; Edward Lafferty, 1810, from AVashington county. Pa.; James Lamb, 1810; John Lamb, 1806, from Washington county. Pa.; Peter John Lance, 1812; Anne Mifflin, of Philadelphia, 1807; William Eamage, 1808; Thomas Rankin, 1805, from Mt. Pleasant township, Washington county, Pa.; Rachel Titus, 1812; Alexander Wilson, before 1810; Israel Wilson, 1811; James Wilson, 1812; Jonathan Wright, 1811.

In North Township before 181-1. - Jacob Albert, 1811; Martin Boghart, 1812, from Somerset county. Pa.; Christian Canaga, 1807, from Somerset county, Pa.; Jacob Canaga, 1807; Philip Creplever, 1812, from Washington county, Pa.; James English, 1812, from Fayette county, Pa.; John aiid Philip Firebaugh, 1812, from Somerset county, Pa.; Nancy Forney, 1812, from Westmoreland county. Pa.; Peter Forney, 1810, from Somerset county. Pa.; Joseph Gundy, 1812, from Somerset county. Pa.; Joseph Keiser, 1812; Henry Miser, 1811; Peter Smith, 1812, from Somerset county. Pa.; Thomas Yarnell, 1811, from Washington county, Pa.

In E"ottingham Township before 1814. - William Arnst, 1811; James Caldwell, 1813; George CarotJiers, 1811, from Washington county, Pa.; John Carson, before 1812, from Maryland; Peter Crabtree, 1812, from western Pennsylvania; William Grist, of West Nottingham township, Chester township. Pa., 1809; Isaac Haines, 1812; Thomas Haines, 1807; John Hines, before 1810, from Westmoreland county, Va.; Benjamin Johnson, 1810, from Allegany county, Md. ; John Johnson, 1810; John McCorkle, 1812; William Phillips, of West jSTottingham township;, Chester township. Pa., 1809; John Pagh, 1807, from Chester county. Pa.; John Richardson, 1813; John Riley, 1812; Jonathan Sayes, 1811.

In Rumley Township before 1814. - Samuel Buchanan, 1806, from Washington county. Pa.; David Custer, 1811; Emanuel Custer, 1812, from Allegany county, Md. ; George Custer, 1804, from Fayette county. Pa.; Andrew Hendricks, 1812, from Allegany county, Md.; John and

Joseph Hendricks, 1813, from Somerset county. Pa.; Adam Kimmel, 1813; Leonard Kimmel, 1807, from Somerset county. Pa.; John Lowmiller, 1808, from Pennsylvania; Joseph McLain, 1812, from Westmoreland county, Pa.; John j\[iller, ISOG, from Frederick county, Md.; Abraham Nolfsker, 1806; Abraham Pittcnger, 1813, from 'Ne^v Jersey; John Ptough, 1812; Jacob Turney, 1813.

In Short Creek' Township before 1811. - John Adams, 1805, from the Korth of Ireland; Thomas Anderson, before 1805; Joseph Applegate, 1805, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; James Beatty, 1803; John Beatty, 1803; David Belknap, 1807; Kobert Braden, 1802, from Washington county, Pa.; William Brown, 1805, froiu Brooke county, (West) Va.; James Carrick, 1812, from iVdams county. Pa.; Sarah Chambers, 1806, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; Joshua Clark, 1808, from Fayette county. Pa.; John Cope, 1813, from Frederick county, Va.; Thomas Cruinley, 1812, from Aarginia; Kobert Culbertson, 181L from the Xorth of Ireland; Thomas Dickerson, before 1805, from Fayette coimty. Pa.; James Ervin, 1812, from Maryland; James Finney, 1806, from Fayette county. Pa.; John Fuller, 1806; Joseph Gill, 1806; Samuel ITanna, before 1806, from Washington county. Pa.; Simpkins Harryman, 1802, from Maryland; Samuel Haund, 1801; Ptobert Hill, 1807; Isaac Holmes, about 1800, from Brooke county, (West) A^a.; Joseph Holmes, about 1800; Ellis Hoopes, 1812; Nathan Hoopes, 1809; Joseph Huff, before 1800, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; John Hurford, before 1810, from Culpepper county, Va.; Abner Hutton, 1805; Jonathan Jessop, 1806; John Johnson, 1807, Westmoreland county; William Johnson, about 1801, from Pennsylvania; Enoch Jones, 1806; James Kerr, 18D7, from Adams and Westmoreland counties. Pa. : James McBride, 1809, from Washington county. Pa.; Vincent Metcalf, before 1804; Baldwhi Parsons, 1803; Samuel Primes, 1806; Andrew Kitchey, Jr., before 1805, from York and Washington counties. Pa.; Charles Eichey, 1805, froui Washington county. Pa.; John Eitchey, about 1807, from York and Washington counties. Pa.; Eichard Eidgway, 1803; James Eoberts, before 1806; Hugh Eogers, 1806, from Washington county. Pa.; Wilham Eouse, 1805; William Sherrod, 1804; John Singer, about 1808, from Virginia; William Smith, 1812; Benjamin Stanton, 1803; Silas Stephen, about 1810; Jacob Styers, 1812; Jonathan Taylor, 1813; Bradway Thompson, 1804, from Washington county, Pa.; Isaac Thomas, 1812; Thomas and William Thorn, 1806; Joseph Townsend, about 1812, from Bucks coimty. Pa.; Nathan Updegraff, 1806; Thomas Vanbuskirk, 1804;

Joseph Vanlaw, 1805, from Burlington county, IST. J.; William Walraven, before 1805; John Wells, ISOG; Ezra Wharton, 1806, from Bucks county, Pa.; William Wile}', 1804, from Washington county, Pa.; Michael Yost, 1806, from Frederick county, Ya.; Charles Young, 1805, from Washington county. Pa.

In Stock Township before 181-1. - Michael Conaway, before 1810; James Hoagland, 1811; Isaac Johnson, 1812; William Johnson, 1812; Hugh McDonough, 1812; Alexander Moore, 1811; Charles Prather, of Brooke county, Ya., 1811; John Simpson, before 1810, from Washington county. Pa.; Aquila Tipton, before 1812; George Yenamon, 1809, from Washington county. Pa.

In Washington Township before 1814. - John Henry Carver, 1812, from Germany; John Cooper, 1813; Lewis Davidson, 1809, from Eayette county. Pa.; JSTathaniel Gilmore, 1811; Jesse Huff, 1811; John Huff, 1812; William Huff, 1810; Robert Parks, 1810.

Besides the names given above, a list of the first lot-owners in the town of Cadiz will be found in connection with the account of its early settlement; and, as stated before, a complete list of the Government land patents issued for lands in Harrison county, is given in another portion of this book. There were many early settlers in the county, however, who did not get their land directly from the Government, but bought it at second-hand from the original pre-emptors. The names of some of these are given in the following supplementary list, covering the period from 1814 to 1829, inclusive. This list is very incomplete; and it is a matter of regret that more records are not available to the writer. But such as have been obtained are here given; although many families will find the names of their pioneer ancestors missing, when they properly deserve a place in such a list as this:

John Adams, Freeport, before 1812, from Erie county. Pa; Thomas Adams, Cadiz, 1815, from Pennsylvania; George Addleman, Monroe, 1820, from Greene county, Pa.; James Aiken, German, 1826, from Washington county. Pa.; John Alexander, Freeport, 1828, from county Antrim, Ireland; John Arbaugh, Pumley, about 1820, from Maryland; Johr Archbold, Archer, 1814, from Westmoreland county. Pa.; David Barclay, Moorefield, about 1826, from county Derry, Ireland; James Barnes, Athens, 1824; Zenas Bartow, North, 1819, from Washington county, N. Y.; Samuel P. Baxter, Green, 1821, from Fayette county. Pa.; James P. Beall, Nottingham, before 1825, from Pennsylvania; Sampson Beatty, Archer, before 1826, from the Xortli of Ireland; Samuel Beck, Freeport,

1814; Peter Barger, Cadiz, 1818; Joseph Bernhard, Short Creek, 1814, from Chester county. Pa.; Hugh Birney, Creen, before 1830, from the Xorth of Ireland and Chester county, Pa.; Samuel Borland, North, 1819, from Westmoreland county. Pa.; James Bradford, Cadiz, before 1821, from Washington county. Pa.; Benjamin Brindley, Archer, 1835, from Harford county, Md.; John Cadwallader, Freeport, 1814; Joseph Cadwallader, Freeport, 1814; John Cady, Cadiz, 1834, from county Tyrone, Ireland; John Campbell, Green, before 1833, from Pennsylvania; Erasmus Cannon, Athens, 1815, from Harford count}^ Md.; John Cecil, Moorefield, 1819; Philip Cecil, Franklin, before 1833, from Maryland; Eobert Christy, Archer, before 1830, from Scotland; Eobert Clark, Cadiz, before 1830; James Clements, Cadiz, before 1830, from Maryland; Jacob Condo, German, 1814, from York county. Pa.; Hiram Conwell, Cadiz, before 1816, from Virginia; Caleb and Imla Cooper, Washington, 1814; William Cooper, Washington, 1814; James Copeland, Green, 1816; Thomas Copeland, Green, about 1814; William Coultrap, Stock, 1815, from western Virginia; ISTathaniel Crawford, IMoorefield, 1814; John Creal, North, 1830, from Maryland; Valentine Creamer, Freeport, 1814; James Cree, Freeport, about 1818, from Pennsylvania; James Cummings, Monroe, before 1830, from Kent county Del.; Samuel Curry, Archer, 1831; Jacob Custer, Eumley, before 1816, from Anne Arundel county, Md.; Jacob Dennis, Green, before 1830, from New Jersey; Chauncey Dewey, Cadiz, 1831, from Norwich, Conn.; Henry Dillon, Archer, 1814; James Endsley, Archer, 1817, from Lancaster county. Pa.; David Firebaugh, North, before 1817, from Pennsylvania; John Firebaugh, North, before 1835, from Pennsylvania; John Ford, Nottingham, before 1820, from Fayette county, Pa.; William Foreman, German, 1818; Jesse Forsythe, Washington, 1835, from Fayette county. Pa.; Alexander Foster, German, 1815; George Foster, 1816, from England; John Fowler, North, before 1830, from Pennsylvania; John Fulton, Green, 1816, from Harford county, Md. ; Philip Fulton, Nottingham, before 1830, from ]\raryland; James McC. Galbraith, German, 1814, from Cumberland county. Pa.; Abram Gaud}'', before 1810, from Maryland; Hezekiah Garner, Nottingham, 1818, from Maryland; John Green, Freeport, 1835, from the North of Ireland; Eobert Guttry, Moorefield, 1814; William Guttery, Athens, 1815; Elijah Guyton, Nottingham, about 1836, from Maryland; Edward Hagan, Short Creek, 1815, from Adams county. Pa.; W. P. Hall, Archer, about 1815; Samuel W. Hamill, Monroe, 1838, from the North of Ireland; Francis H. Hamilton, Cadiz, 1830, from the North of Irehmd; Joshua Hamilton, Cadiz, before 1825, from Pennsylvania; James Ifanna, German, about 1816, from Washington county. Pa.; John Hanna, Cadiz, 1814, from AVestmoreland county, Pa.; Pobert Hanna, Green, 1814; Hezekiah Harrison, Green, 18-?0, from ]\[aryland; John Harrison, Xorth, 1816, from Yorkshire, England; Christopher Hartley, JSTorth, about 1820, from England; John Haveriield, Cadiz, 1817; Joseph Haverfield, Cadiz, 1817; James Haw- Ihorne, Short Creek, before 1830,' from the N"orth of Ireland; John Heberling, Short Creek, 1823, from Berkeley county, Va.; John Hefling, Washington, 1821; Henry Hemry, Archer, 1815; John Henderson, Pumley, 1816, froin Indiana county, Pa.; Jacob Hendricks, Eumley, 1814; Thomas Hidey, Eumley, 1830; Leonard Hilton, 1826, from Maryland: Eudolph Hines, 1814, from Germany; Samuel Hitchcock, 1808; Eobert Holliday, Freeport, 1815, from the North of Ireland and Westmoreland county. Pa.; Henry Houser, Cadiz, before 1825; Edward Huston, Moorefield, before 1830, from Pennsylvania; Solomon Insley, Franklin, 1816, from Maryland; Andrew Jamison, Green, before 1825, from Pennsylvania; William Jenkins, Washington, 1814, from Nova Scotia; Alexander Johnson, German, 1814; from county Tyrone, Ireland, and Pennsylvania; Derrick Johnson, Mooreiield, 1814; Samuel E. Johnson, Monroe, 1824, from Maryland and South Carolina; Daniel Ivilgore, Cadiz, before 1815 from Pennsjdvania ; John Kimmel, North, 1814; Charles Kinsey, Cadiz, before 1820, from Bucks county. Pa.; Hugh Kirkpatrick, Athens, 1818; James Kirkpatrick, Athens, 1821, from Cecil county, Md. and Washington county. Pa.; William Knox, Cadiz, before 1813, from the North of Ireland and Maryland; John S. Lacey, Cadiz, 1816, from Sussex countv Del.; Samuel Latferty, Mooreiield, 1814, from Washington county, Pa.; James Laughridge, North, before 1820, from the North of Ireland; tlohn Law, Monroe, 1826, from the North of Ireland; Georo-e Lewis, Eumley, about 1818, from England; Jacob Long, Moorefield, 1816; Eobert Lyons, Cadiz, 1810, from Pennsylvania; Georo-e Mc- Adanis, ]\Ioorefield, 1815; James McAfee, Eumley, 1823, from Washino-- ton county. Pa.; James McAfee, North, 1828, from Westmoreland county. Pa.; Joseph McBeth, Monroe, 1829, from Westmoreland county. Pa.; John McClery, Green, 1814; John McClintock, Nottingham, 1830; Eobsrt McConnell, Washington, 1814, from Pennsylvania; James McDjvitt, N'orth, 1S20, from Pennsylvania; Samuel McFadden, Cadiz, 1815; Eobert . ]\reFarland, Athens, before 1824; John McMillan, Nottingham, 1818, from Pennsylvania; Thomas Maddox, Short Creek, 1825, from Virginia;

Joseph Maholm, Cadiz, 1814; Emarmel Mallernee, Nottingham, 1829, from Marjdand; Allen Manl}'-, Green, before 1817; Thomas Marquis, Athens, before 1823; Arthur Martin, Archer, before 1817, from the North of Ireland, and Lancaster county. Pa.; Peter Martin, Green, 1823, from Virginia; Abraham Mattern, Green, before 1830, from Westmoreland county. Pa.; John Megaw, North, 1816, from Westmoreland county. Pa.; Micajah Merryman, Cadiz, before 182.0, from Maryland; Alexander Millekin, Cadiz, 1815; John Mitchell, Archer, before 1816, from Maryland; John Mitchell, Cadiz, before 1828, from Washington county, Pa.; Ezekiel O'Bryan, Moorefield, 1814; Alexander Osburn, Athens, 1815, from Westmoreland county. Pa.; Jane Pattison, Moorefield, 1816; Joseph Patterson, Archer, before 1820, from the North of Ireland; James Patton, Short Creek, 1816, from Pennsylvania; Joseph Patton, Eumley, 1816, from Fajrette county. Pa.; Thomas Patton, Green, 1816; Thomas Perry, Moorefield, 1815; John Phillips, Cadiz, before 1828, from West Nottingham township, Chester county, Pa. ; Eichard Phillips, Washington, 1815, from Pennsylvania; Thomas Phillips, Cadiz, before 1826, from West Nottingham township, Chester county. Pa.; John Pollock, Green, 1814, from Fayette county. Pa.; Joshua Quillan, Freeport, 1815; John Eamsouer, Eumley, before 1820; James Eankin, Athens, 1815; Eobert Eankin, Cadiz, 1818; Thomas Eichey, Cadiz, 1817; Eoberfc Eoberts, German, 1817, from Brooke county, Va.; Eobert Eobertson, Cadiz, before 1826, from Loudoun county, Va.; John Eobison, Franklin, about 1826, from Virginia; William Eoss, Archer, 1817; John Eowland, Moorefield, 1815, from York county. Pa.; John Sampson, Stock, 1827, from county Tyrone, Ireland; Adam Sawvel, Eumley, 1815, from Pennsylvania; Matthias Schilds, Monroe, 1814; James Scott, Cadiz, 1819, from Yorkshire, England; Thomas Scott, Athens, about 1822, from county Down, Ireland; William Scott, Archer, 1817; Peter Sewell, 1828, from Delaware; George Shambaugh, Eumley, 1817, from Perry county. Pa.; John Sharp, Cadiz, before 1830; John Shivers, Cadiz, before 1816, from Pennsylvania; Hugh Shotwell, Washington, 1814, from New Jersey and Pennsylvania; John Shotwell, Washington, 1814, from Fayette coimty. Pa.; James Simpson, Green, 1829, from Washington county. Pa.; Samuel Skinner, Moorefield, about 1820, from the Shenandoah valley, Virginia; Andrew Smith, Archer, 1814; Daniel Smith, Stock, 1821; from Huntingdon county. Pa; John Smith, Noftingham, 1818, from the North of Ireland; David Smylie, Cadiz, 1815, from Washington county. Pa.; John Sneddeker, German, 1816, from Washington county. Pa.; John

Snider, ]Srortli, before 1824; Eli SparroAv, Green, before 1820, from Maryland; Thomas Sproal, about 1820, from the North of Ireland; Jacob Stall!, liumle}', 181G, from Charles connty, Md,; Basil Steel, Washington, 1815, from Berkeley county, Va., and Pennsylvania; Eobert Steel, Moorelield, 1816; Archibald Stewart, Cadiz, 181G, from Pennsylvania; Matthew Templeton, Athens, 1815; Andrew Thomson, Moorefield, 1815, from Washington county, Pa.; Samuel Thompson, 1813, from Franklin and Westmoreland counties, Pa.; Thomas Thompson, Green, 1816, from Centre connty, Pa.; Thomas Thompson, Freeport, 1820, from the North of Ireland; Charles Timmons, Cadiz, 1817, from Berkeley county, Va.; Eli Town, Jr., Freeport, 1814, from Washington county. Pa.; Alexander Urquhart, 1813, from Scotland; Henry Utterback, Cadiz, 1820, from Virginia; Joseph Walker, Stock, 1822, from county Derr}'-, Ireland; John Wallace, Moorefield, 1822, from York county, Pa.; Samuel Welsh, Archer, 1814; John Weyandt, Monroe, about 1817, from Washington county, Md., and Somerset coimty. Pa.; John Whan, 1815, from Chester, Northumberland, and Washington counties. Pa.; Ezra Wharton, Short Creek, 1818, from Bucks county. Pa.; Isaac Wheldon, Freeport, 1814; Joseph White, Nottingham, about 1818, from Maryland; Archibald Wilkin, Washington, before 1818, from Pennsylvania; Isaac Wood, Archer, 1814; Jonathan Worrall, Short Creek, 1815; David Wortman, North, 1825; John Wylie, German, before 1818.

Crabapple And Unity Churches

composed largely of Harrison county people, and for five years united with Beech Spring under the same pastoral charge, was gathered some three or four yyears before that of the latter.

Crabapple church is situated in Wheeling township, Belmont county, about two miles south of Xew Athens, and a short distance north from UniontoAvn. Near here, at the beginning of the present century, the settlers were perhaps more numerous than in any other part of the county. The most of them had come from Washington and Fayette counties, Pennsylvania; and for some years before 1800 the Presbytery of the Ohio, whose members were then cliiefly stationed in Washington county, had. sent nearly every one of their number on missionary tours to the new settlements in the Western Territory, as Ohio was then called. Among these ministers were liev. John MciMillan, Joseph Patterson, and Elisha Macurdy, the f:rst named being one of the earliest Presbyterian ministers to settle west of the Allegheny mountains, and at that time perhaps the most prominent.

On October 17, ]s98, Rev. Joseph Anderson was licensed by this Presbytery, and at the same time appointed to visit the settlements west of the Ohio river, and to preach at "' Indian Wheelin Creek " (St. Clairsville), on the fourth Sabbath of October, and at '' Indian Short Creek " (Mt. Pleasant), on the first Sabbath of November. He continued to sup- ply these clmrches occasionally, and on October 15, 1790, at a request of a committee from these churches, the Presbytery appointed Mr. Anderson as a stated supply for one year. On April 15th of the following year, however, a call from the united congregations of Indian Wheeling Creek (now first called Eichland, and later, St. Clairsville), Short Creek (Mt. Pleasant), and Cross Eoads (Crabapple), was made for the pastoral services of Mr. Anderson, and accepted by him. His ordination took place at Cross Roads, Western Territory, on August 20, 1800, Presb3"terv having met at that place the day before. This is sometimes erroneously stated to have been the first ordination of a Presbyterian minister in what iS now the State of Ohio; but such is 2iot the case. Rev. James Kemper having been ordained and installed, at Cincinnati, by the Presbytery of Transylvania, as early as October 23, 1792. It was, however, the first ordination by the Presbytery of Ohio vdLl'in the present limits of that state.

]\rr. Anderson was a member of the church of Upper Buffalo, in Hopewell township, Washington county, Pennsylvania, and probably pursued his studies in part at the Canonsburg Academy. He was a man of deep, and abounding zeal, a faithful and devoted laborer, and in an eminent sense, a pioneer. Within two years after his installation. Cross Roads (Crabapple) ceased to be a part of his charge, owing, doubtless, to Iut creased labors resulting from his rapidly growing congregations. In April, 1813, his pastoral relation to Short Creek (Mt. Pleasant), was dissolved; but in 1820, Short Creek is again coupled with Richland in Presbytery's report to Synod. In 1827, Richland is first reported as St. Clairsville, and in 1829, is reported as his sole pastoral charge. He was released October 3, 1830; and in June, 1835, he was dismissed to the Presbytery of St. Charles. His death occurred at Monticello, Mo., in 1847 in the eightieth year of his age. Mr. Anderson's Avife was a dauo-hter of IJov. Joseph Smith, first pastor of Cross Creek and Upper Buffalo churches, in Washington county, Pennsylvania.

Robert McCullough and William McCullough were the first rulino- elders in Crabapple church. In this capacity, Robert McCullough represented the infant congregation in a meeting of the Synod of Virginia held at Washington, Pennsylvania, in 1800; and he also attended the meeting of the Presbytery of Ohio in the following year. The organization of the church, nevertheless, seems to have become dormant in 1802, and so continued for a year or more. In the spring of 1804, however, in union with the newly organized congregr.tion of Beech Spring, Crabapple presented a call to Eev. John Eea, whose acceptance of the same, and subsequent labors in this field, have already been related in connection with the former sketch of the history of Beech Spring Church.

A somewhat different account from the above, of the permanent erection of Crabapple congregation is given by Mr. J. A. Caldwell, in his "History of Belmont and Jefferson counties." Mr. Caldwell says :

In the year 1803, Eobert and William McCullough sent to Georgetown, Harrison [then Jefferson] county, Ohio, for Samuel Hanna, to " come up and help " them to form a " praying society." He came, and from this germ planted in the wilderness, sprang Crabapple Presbyterian Church, the first and largest church organization in Wheeling township, Belmont county, Ohio. The first sermon was preached by the Kev. John Eea, and the church organized with forty members, in 1804, by Eev. Joseph Anderson and Dr. [Samuel] Ealston, a committee sent by the Presbytery of Ohio. The early records are lost, but the following families were among the first members: The McCulloughs, McKibbons, Campbells, Snedekers, Brokaws, and Merritts. The first bench of elders was composed of William McCullough, Eobert McCullough, and Daniel [David] Merritt.

While the account is probably correct, so far as it goes, yet, undoubtedly it refers to the second organization of the church, Eev. Joseph Anderson had certainly gathered the nucleus of the congregation here as early as 1799, and it seems to have continued as one of his preaching stations for two or three years afterwards. The records of the Presbytery of Ohio show a meeting of Presbytery at Cross Eoads, Western Territory, as Crabapple was then called, on Aug. 19, 1800, as stated above. At this meeting were present, Eevs. John McMillan, James Hughes, John Brice, and Thomas Marquis, all well-known ministers of AVashington county, Pennsylvania, and elders, Samuel Dunlap and John Irwin. On Wednesda}', August 20th, "Presbytery proceeded to the ordination of Mr. Joseph Anderson, and by fasting and prayer, and with the laying on of the hands of the Presbytery, solemnly ordained him to the holy office of the gospel ministr}^, and installed him pastor of the united churches of Eichland, Short Creek, and Cross Eoads, W. T." Dr. Mc- Millan preached on this occasion, from 2d Corinthian?^ v. 20; and Eev. John Brice gave the charge.

Mr. Anderson relinquished the charge of Crabapple in 1802, as stated above; and in August, 1805, was succeeded by Eev. John Eea. An account of Mr. Eea's five years' ministration here has been given in the sketch of Beech Spring Church, which during that period was united with Crabapple as one pastoral charge. At the end of five years (in April, 1810), he withdrew from Crabapple, that he might give all his labors to the Beech Spring congregation. The Crabapple division of his charge had become too laborious for him, spreading over a district of nearly fourteen miles square; for the territory of the future churches of New Athens, Morristown, and Nottingham was Avithin its bounds. The latter was then a mission station, under the care of the pastor and elders of Crabapple.

The following extracts from the records of the Presbytery of Ohio will give us an idea of the strict orthodoxy of the early fathers of Crabapple congregation; and it is possible they may also furnish one of the reasons for Mr. Rea's withdrawal from the charge of this congregation.

The Presbytery met at Cross Eoads, in Washington county, Pa., on October 10th, 1808. On Friday, October 21st, "Samuel Hannah, a member of Crabapple congregation, appeared in the Presbytery with the following charge:

"The Reverend John Rea is hereby charged with preaching and circulating heterodox sentiments at the following places, viz., at Crabapple, the Sabbath on or about the 20th of April last, and on Monday at Samuel Hannah's, at an examination: That the Covenant of Grace was not made with Christ, but with man only, and that man promises faith and repentance on his part; and maintains, that if the Covenant of Grace was made with Christ, he could not be the Mediator of it.

"The Presbytery agreed to take up the charge, and ordered the parties to appear before them at their next meeting, prepared to have the matters brought to an issue."

Upper Buffalo, December 21st, 1808. "The Presbytery proceeded to the consideration of the charge which was at the last meeting brought by Samuel Hannah against the Revd. John Rea. The charge being read, Mr. Rea denied that ever he had taught as stated in the charge." Witnesses were accordingly sworn and examined, William and Robert Mc- Culloch on that day, and Andrew Aekelson and William Wylie on the day following. Presbytery then "ordered Mr. Rea to prepare a written explanation of his sentiments." On the 23d, "Mr. Rea brought in a written explanation of his sentiments, which being read and considered, the Presbytery proceeded to consider the several items in the charge; and judged that they were not supported by the testimony."

Ecv. Thomas B. Clark, a licentiate of the Presbytery of Hartford, was ordained and installed pastor of Crahapple in 1811, preaching onefourth of his time at the IS^ottingham mission station; and continued until 1818, when his relation to this charge was dissolved.

The third pastor was Eev. Samuel Cowles, who was installed in 1819, and continued seven years. After Mr. Cowles, there occurred a vacancy of several years, supplied from various soiirces; and then Mr. Jacob Coon, a licentiate of the Presbytery of Washington, preached as a candidate for settlement, received and accepted a call, and in 183-4 was ordained and installed. He remained four years.

Eev. M'oses Allen was the fifth pastor of the church. He studied theology under his fi^LJaer-in-laAV, Dr. John McMillan, and was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Ohio in 1807. He remained for thirty years in the bounds of that Presbytery, and then removed to the state of Ohio, where he was installed as pastor of Crahapple church in 1839. He continued in this relation from that time until his death, a period of

The first structure used by Crahapple Church as a place of worship was a so-called "tent," being nothing more than a rude pulpit, erected in the forest, possibly built against the side of a tree, and with a small projecting roof or hood of clap-boards, designed to protect the minister and his bible from tlie sim and rain. His congregation usually stood around in groups, or seated themselves on the grass, or on fallen logs. Soon afterwards, a log house was built, which later was succeeded by a brick building, and this in turn gave place to a frame structure, which has continued in use since its erection.

About the year 1835, under the ministrations of Eev. Jacob Coon, Crahapple church seems to have reached the flood-tide of its prosperity. Its communicants then numbered over three hundred, with a Sabbath school of some two hundred members. Eevs. William M. Grimes, Thomas K. Crawford, James Grimes, Eobert Armstrong, Eobert Tannehill, and Joseph Lyle were reared in this church, and received their early religious training in its Sabbath school.

Unity Church 133

The first sermon preached to the families of this congregation was delivered by Eev. Joseph Scroggs, about the year 1813-13, As Dr. Scroggs was not licensed by his Presbytery until October, 1813, it is possible the date of his visit may not have been until after that event.- The church was regularly organized as an Associate Presbyterian congregation by Eev. John Walker, in 1814, and at that time consisted perhaps of no more than eight families, whose heads were as follows : John Trimble, James. Cook, Eobert McCracken, Alexander McCall, Eobert Hammond, John Love, Thomas Love, and John McCaskey. The first bench of elders was composed of Messrs. John Trimble, Eobert McCracken, Alexander McCall, and Eobert Hammond.

Of the first minister of this congregation, more than a passing notice is required; as few men have had a greater or more beneficial influence upon the moral welfare of the county, than John Walker. He was born in 1786, in Washington county, Pennsylvania; was educated at Jefferson College, and studied Theology with Dr. John Anderson, at Service, Pa.; was licensed in the summer of 1809 by the Presbytery of Ohio, and ordained July 11, 1811, by the same; served as pastor of Mercer and connections in Pennsylvania, until September 14, 1814; was installed over Unity, Mt. Pleasant, and Cadiz, in the summer of 1815. As his congregations increased, he resigned Cadiz in 1818, but retained the others until his death, which occurred March 8, 1845, from erysipelas. He was not distinguished for scholarship, but possessed an exceedingly enthusiastic temperament, which made him very energetic and active in his labors. He was a pioneer in the temperance cause, even to total abstinence; was very decided in his opposition to Free Masonry; and was intensely bitter in his hostility to slavery. He was always ready, even anxious, to defend his views, and oppose what he regarded as error. Hence, he was engaged in a number of public discussions, the most memorable of which was that with Alexander Campbell, the founder of the Campbellite Baptists. Mr. Walker desired to establish a classical school in Harrison county, and as none of the villages would take hold of the matter, he, in connection with a neighbor, laid out a town upon the adjacent portions of their farms, which they named ISTew Athens. Here he started a classical school, and rested not uutil he succeeded in getting from the Legislature the charter of Franklin College. He studied medicine in his youth, and practiced more or less in an amateur way during his whole ministry. In later years he felt a necessity to open a regular practice. The

Durning of his house, together with a boundless hospitality, and a general financial mismanagement, made him very poor. For some time before securing the charter for his college, he conducted it as an academy in New Athens, under the name of the "Alma Mater," in active rivalry with a similar institution carried on by Eev. Donald Mcintosh, in Cadiz. In the archives of Franklin College is found the record of a single meeting of the trustees of that academy, held on September 28, 1824, the names of the trustees being: Rev. Salmon Cowles (president), John McCracken (secretary), Eev. John Walker, John Whan, John Wylie, Alexander Hammond, Alexander McNary, Daniel Brokaw, and John Trimble. At this time, the project for a charter for the academy at Cadiz was being agitated; but by the superior activity and tact of Mr. Walker, the charter was obtained for the academy at New Athens, under the name of "Alma College." This name was changed at the next meeting of the Legislature to that of Franklin College. The charter is dated January 22, 1825, and the original incorporators were Revs. John Rea, Salmon Cowles, and John Walker, and Messrs. David Jennings, William Hamilton, John McCracken, John Wylie, James Campbell, David Campbell, John Trimble, John Whan, Daniel Brokaw, Alexander McNary, and Alexander Hammond. To these were added by election, at the first meeting of the trustees under this charter, held April 5, 1825, Eev. Thomas Hanna, John McGlaughlin, Stephen Caldwell, Joseph Grimes, and Matthew Simpson, At this same meeting of the trustees, the Rev. William Mc- Millan (a nephew of Dr. John McMillan), of Canonsburg, Penna., was elected President, with John Armstrong, of Pittsburg, as Professor of Mathematics; and on June 8th of the same year, the college was formally organized.

At the Semi-Centennial Celebration of the organization of Franklin College, held at New Athens, June 23, 1875, Dr. Andrew Finley Ross, then presideut of the institution, sketched the history of the school from its organization; and from his address on that occasion, the following account has been condensed.

The leading spirit in the enterprise M^as Rev. John Walker, a minister of the Secession church. Mr. Walker was a fit son of that particular branch of the church; a church characterized by its zealous orthodoxy and sturdy theology. He was a man of deep conviction upon the subject of equal rights. Hence, he entered into the anti-slavery contest with all the ardor of his impetuous nature, and during that long controversy, was one of the leading anti-slavery spirits of the West. By the superior tact and energy of Rev. John Walker, the charter of Franklin College was obtained. Dr. William McMillan was elected President, and John Armstrong, Professor of Mathematics. Dr. McMillan was the nephew of Dr. John McMillan, the original founder of Jefferson College at Canonsburg, Penna., of which institution he had been for some time president. He had thus been associated with and reared under the tuition of that noble band of men, the Smiths, Powers, McMillans, and Ealstons, who were so instrumental in planting the seeds of Presbyterianism and sound learning in the country west of the Alleghenies. John Armstrong was the mathematical oracle of western Pennsylvania. He made all the almanacs, and solved all the mathematical propositions. Learned societies in Europe recognized his attainments by admitting him to their fellowships. What are the results? In this small college, with its two professors, were educated such men as the Hon. John Welsh, of the Supreme Court of Ohio; the Hon. William Kennon, a member of Congress during Jackson's administration, a friend and adviser of the President; Wilson Shannon, a former governor of Ohio; Dr. Joseph Ray, the well-known mathematical writer, whose works have maintained a lono-er popularity and gained a wider circulation than perhaps any other mathematical works ever written; besides giving to the church such men as Drs. Johnson, Bruce, Henderson, Walkinshaw. Surely, this is harvest enough for less than seven years. Dr. McMillan died in 1832. [He was followed, in succession, by Revs. Richard Campbell and Johnson Welsh]. In 1837, the Board appointed as president, Dr. Joseph Smith, then pastor of a church in St. Clairsville, the grandson of Rev. Joseph Smith and Dr. James Power, both noted pioneers of Presbyterianism in western Pennsylvania. He was thus from the same stock, and reared under the same tuition with Dr. McMillan.

The anti-slavery agitation was becoming more and more intense. The people who attended the ministrations of Rev. John Walker were almost to a man strongly anti-slavery. The Presbyterian General Assembly was divided. The congregation of Crabapple was divided, although Rev. Jacob Coon, the pastor, was strongly anti-slavery. Dr. Smith opposed agitation of the question. Mr. Coon left Crabapple, removed to JS'ew Athens, and organized a Presbyterian church. Dr. Smith resigned the presidency, and Mr. Coon was elected in his stead. The majority of the Board was composed of anti-slavery men, but it was not their intention to commit the college to this principle. Coon was succeeded in a year, by Rev. William Burnett, an Associate Reformed minister, from near Pittsburgh, but born in South Carolina, and con- -servative on tlie slavery question. He resigned within a twelve-month, followed by Professor Armstrong.

In 184:0, the Board appointed Eev. Edwin H. Nevin, President; .George K. Jenkins, Professor of Mathematics; and Eev. Andrew Black, Professor of Languages. The members of the Board then resolved to throw themselves entirely upon the side of the anti-slavery sentiment of the country. The place had already come to be regarded as the hot-bed of Abolitionism in eastern Ohio; and Mr. Nevin's eloquent denunciation of the monster iniquity, aided by the hot shot of Eev. John Walker, soon began to tell upon the community.

The college had become involved in debt, and the creditors sued for their claims. The anti-slavery men, then in control, were unable to meet these claims, for varioiis reasons, and in consequence, the property of the college was taken in execution, and sold by the sheriff. Thus Franklin College, after her long struggles, found herself without a home. But this was not all. The college edifice, with its appurtenances, was purchased by the colonization, or pro-slavery party, and under the name of "Providence College," the}^ succeeded in establishing a rival institution. The anti-slavery men, however, were adequate to the crisis, and notwithstanding the demands that had already been made upon their liberalit}', they at once raised funds for the erection of a building for the accommodation of Franklin College. To secure it from the claims of the old creditors, yet unliquidated, and for the satisfaction of which their property had been sacrificed, they located their edifice upon their church lot, thus vesting their title in the trustees of the church; and so Franklin College was accommodated with a home. The popular qualities of President Nevin and his associates in the faculty attracted at once all the students that resorted to the place, and Providence College, after a feeble effort to gain a hold upon the public patronage, was abandoned. The anti-slavery men had now fairly won the field. President ISTevin, in having the bell cast for the new college, placed upon it the words : "Proclaim Liberty Through all the Land."

The sons of Franklin College are found occupying high positions all over the land. She has given to the Senate of the United States a Cowan, a Fowler, and a Sharon; and to the House of Eepresentatives, a Kennon, a Bingham, and a Lawrence. She is represented in the halls of medical science by an Armor; on the Supreme Bench of Ohio, by a Welsh; on that of Alabama) by a Bruce; and in the theological seminaries of the country, by a Bruce, a Clark, and a Henderson. Seventy-five per cent, of her graduates have entered the Christian ministry, and some of the most distinguished and useful men who adorn the pulpit are found among them.

In his "Pathfinders of Jeft'erson County," Mr. William H. Hunter has recorded considerable of the once forgotten history of the Abolition movement in Ohio, and in referring to that part of the subject connected with Harrison county, he says: "The Short Creek valley, from Cadiz to Mt. Pleasant, and including the region about New Athens and Crabapple church, just over the divide, on the head waters of Wheeling creek, was noted for its warmth of abolition sentiment, from 1820 down to the close of the irrepressible confiict - abolition of slavery, pure and simple; the hard-headed, austere Seceders, the followers of Dr. John Walker, and other ministers of his kind, would tolerate no compromise, and they looked upon Benjamin Lundy's colonization schemes with almost the same disrespect that they would consider any half-way measure proposed by the pro-slavery advocates. Franklin College, founded by John Walker, was long recognized as the fountain-head of the abolition sentiment of eastern Ohio, and it is but natural that the people first to drink of the stream were powerfully influenced; and further, it was in accordance with the eternal fitness of things, that numerous 'underground stations,' so-called because slaves were surreptitiously conveyed along certain routes, kept hid during the day, and hurried during the night season from one station to another, on their way to Canada, should be established in this valley.

"Of course, there were stations at the mouth of Short creek, one kept by George Craig, and one by William Hogg. One was kept by Joseph Medill, on Warren Kidge, near Hopewell M. E. Church. There were many in Mt. Pleasant, the slaves being kept during daylight in any of the houses in the village, and there is authority for the statement that one good Friend kept a number of strong negroes on his farm from cornplanting until after harvest. The house of Kev. Benjamin Mitchell was a noted station, there being a trap-door in the kitchen floor, through which runaway slaves reached a large hole in the ground when slavo-hunters were searching the premises. Tlie Updegraff house, a mile west of Mt. Pleasant, and that of David Robinson, west of Trenton, were also well kno^v'n to the slave on his way to liberty. The Bracken house in Mt.

Pleasant was so constructed that the negroes could enter an attic by means of a trap-door in the roof, after climbing a ladder. Benjamin Ladd, the Quaker philanthropist, kept the Smithfield station. The one at Lloydstown, named for Jesse and Isaac Lloyd, was kept by Eli ISTichols; one at Unity, kept by Kev. John Walker, the courageous Seceder minister: at Hammond's Cross Roads, by Alexander and John Hammond - John Hammond, Jr., and Joseph Eodgers, now of Cadiz, being conductors between this point and Hopedale; one at the house of James Hanna (brother of Eev. Thomas Hanna), near Georgetown; one at the house of Cyrus McNeely (founder of Hopedale College), between Hopedale and Unionvale; one at the house of Judge Thomas Lee, near Cadiz; one at Miller's Station, by David Ward; one at Eichmond, by James and William Ladd; and from here, the negroes were conducted to the home of Judge Thomas George, on Yellow creek, and then to Salem, in Columbiana county, from which point they had comparatively safe passage into British possessions."

John Walker was succeeded at Unity by Eev. William Wishart, who began his ministry in September, 1847, and served until April, 1868. He was followed, November 30, 1869, by Eev. William G. Waddle.

The first meeting-house of Unity congregation was built in 1815, on the site of the present graveyard. The structure was built of round logs, and was twenty-five feet in size. It had a clap-board roof, and the whole of one end of the house was occupied by the fire-place. This building was very primitive in construction, and defective in ventilation; so that the congregation, in order to avoid the smoke, which filled the room when a fire was burning, worshipped on the outside during the winter season, whenever the weather was sufficiently mild. The second building, made this time of hewn logs, was erected in 1820. and was entered through three different door-ways. This house was built under the direction of Eev. John Walker, near the site of the present building, and was occupied by the congregation until 1833, when a third building, of brick, was erected in its stead. The brick house was fifty-five by sixty-five feet in dimensions, and it is said to have accommodated 500 worshippers. It stood until 1875, when the present frame structure was erected.

The congregation reached its greatest period of pror.perity about the year 1841, nnder the ministrations of Eev. John Walker. At that time the membership numbered nearly two hundred and fifty persons, more than twice its present size.