Stark County, Ohio - Chapter with an unread heading (no. 24 of those read), 1881 (part 1 of 2)

Chapter with an unread heading (no. 24 of those read)

Till'; CITY OF CANTON - EDlTATIdNAL AGKNCIE-; - THE I'RESS - JOHN SAXTON AND McCREIiOK, THE VETERAN EDITORS - PRESENT NEWSl'Al'ERS - CANTON SCHOOLS - ('HUR(;H HISTORY - SECRET AND BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS.

MAN is composed of mind and matter. In his individual development, and in the developments of civilization and progress, both factors deserve careful recognition. Mind controls matter, wliile, on the other hand, material influences have great weight in directing the operations of the mind. It is not, of course, the province of the historian so much to discuss philosopliical problems as to make a fair presentation of facts in a somewhat logical manner, so that the philosopher may afterward, from the study of the facts, be prepared the better to speculate on the probabilities of the future. We have thus far presented almost exclusivel}' the material aspects of the growth and development of this city and township ; but we have not lost sight, by any means, of the most important of all fiicts that mental culture is of the highest importance in every true and real progress of any people or communit3'. To his credit, it may be truthfully said, that the founder of Canton, Mr. Bezaleel Wells, recognized this fact in the beginning, and donated in the platting of the original town of Canton, one lot for school purposes and one for church purposes. The old Union School building on West Tuscarawas street, and the Presbyterian Church directly opposite, are now upon the sites of the donor, a living proof of his high estimate of education and religion as essential factors in the prosperity of any town. And imbibing the spirit of the founder, the great body of the people of Canton, from the beginning until now, have always been the friends of liberal education, and of the moral influences of the Christian Church. In modern times, also, the press has become a ver}' potent lever in the same direction. Admitting that its influence has not always been used to promote the best interests of the people, it is nevertheless true that the press does much for the education of anj^ community, whether, on the whole, it be for good or evil, though we may here express our own private opinion that it is generally for good rather than evil. In discussing the educational agencies of Canton, we shall, therefore, first present a brief history of journalism in this city, and some reminiscences of the pioneer newspaper men of the earlier times. The following general history of the Canton press was prepared b}' one in the business for many years, and may be accepted as accurate :

The newspapers of Canton represent the social, moral and material interests of the city and county with unusual journalistic enterprise and abilit}'. Moreover, the gentlemen who give dignity to the noble calling of journalism here, are genial, whole-souled men, whom it is a pleasure to meet, and to whose good qualities of heart and brain we bear cheerful testimony.

The Canton Hcpositun/ was the first newspaper in Canton or Stark County, and one of the first five or six in Ohio, the first number of which was printed March 30, 1815, by John Saxton. The paper is still in existence as the Canton Repositorj/, and until 1871, the time of his death, the original proprietor was connected with the paper in the capacity- of owner or editor. The files of the Repository have been carefully preserved. The veteran editor, in his inaugural sheet, pledges that -'truth shall be his guide, the public good his aim," and lays before his readers the latest foreign news ; the report of A. J. Dallas, Secretary of the Treasury, to the Committee of Ways and Means, upon the state of the public credit, the circulating medium, etc.; the proceedings of the Thirteenth Congress, among whose acts was one fixing the army list at 10,000 men ; news from the war with Algiers, and local intelligence.

tered the business and remained several years. Fie then removed to Urbana, and begsin the publication of the Citizen ami Odzitlr, wliere he still lives. His retirement from active newspaper work took place only a few inonth.s ago, having been proprietor and editor of one journal for forty-two years. In 18.51, Thomas W., John i^axton's son, was taken in as partner, and in 1871, the Rrjtositun/, with Tliomas as sole proprietor, was consolidated with the Ripublicun. published by Josiah Hartzell. In 1874, W. T. Baseom purchased Ilartzcll's interest, and the paper took the name of tlic Canton Reposiiori/. Mr. Basconi died in 1877. In February, 1878, a daily edition of the Rcjmsiiin-j/ was begun, and is still continued. It is the only daily in vStark County, and is an almost indispensable medium of intelligence to the people of Canton. It is conducted with ability and energ}- liy Mr. Thomas W. Saxtoti, the sole proprietor, assisted by a competent corps of writers and reporters. The jolj printing department is one of the most complete in Northern Ohio, and turns out large ([uantities of work for the great manufactories of Canton.

The O/iio Volks-Zdtuiig. eight pages. 15x22, was established by the Ohio Volks-Zeitung Company, J-anuary 23, 1879, and is the only (ierman paper printed in Stark County. It has a large circulation in Stark and the neighboring counties as well as throughout Ohio and tlu; adjoining States. As early as 1820. the (lerinan population of Canton and Stark County had largely increased by emigration from Pennsylvania, Maryland and Europe, so that in October, 1821, Edward Schaefcr. a German printer from Frankfurt-on-t he-Main, established in Canton the WistJiclu- Biuhach/ir and Stark and Wayne Count}' Aiizi'igcr. being the second olde.st German newspaper published in the State of Ohio. In 182(5, Shaefer moved to (iermantown, Ohio, when John Sala continued the paper here and afterward took Solomon Sala and I). C. Lelimus into partnership. In August, 18:51, Peter Kaufmann came from Philadelphia and bought out the paper, which by that time had taken the patriotic name of Vaterlanxh frcund ttiul Gi'ist firr Zeit.

In company with Franz Ilawerecht and Carl C. Fink, Kaufmann published, in 1838, the first German almanac in Canton. In the course of time several chanj^es were made in the ownership, until John Raeber came here in August, 1858, with a printing olliee from Holmes County, and estal)lishc(l ihe Ihultlu in O/i/o, in place of which the Oliin Staaia-Zcituufj appeared on the 15th of September, 1873 ; this was sold to the Ohio Volks-Zeitung Company, on the 8th of November, 1879.

To give sufficient room for increased reading matter and advertisements, the Ohio Volks- Zeitung was enlarged to its present size, 31x15, December 4, 1879, and is now one of the leading German Democratic papers in the northeastern part of Ohio. The paper is very ably edited and conducted, and rellecls credit upon the enterprising community in w Inch it is published.

The Stark County Ih ntonnt was established in June. 1S33. liy a gentleman named Bernard, who died of cholera after running it about six months. It was then taken charge of by William Dunbar, who carried it on successfully until about 1836 or 1837. when he sold out to Daniel Gotshall. who published the paper until April, 1847, when he sold to Messrs, Carney and Leiter. These gentlemen published it until May, 1848, when it was sold to John and A. McGregor. The former dying in September of that year, !Mr. A. Mctiregor has continued as editor ever since, with the exception of about eighteen mouths in 1858 and 1859, when it was edited by Thomas Beer. The Democrat is ably conducted and has a large circulation. It has been and continues to be the organ of the party in this county ; it being, in fact, the only English Democratic paper in Stark County.

John Saxton, as the jnoneer printer and editor of Canton, a resident of this city for fiftysix years, a good citizen and a Christian man, has iseen so closely identified with the progress of the town, that more than a passing notice is due his memory. He was born at Huntingdon, Penn., on the 28th of September, 1792, and was the eldest of a large family. It is well known that in April, 1815, he stsirted the Ohio Repoxiton/, on which he labored without interruption for lifty-six consecutive years. In 1815, he wrote and published an account of the battle of Waterloo, and the arrest of the first Napoleon. In 1870, he wrote and published an account of the battle of Sedan, and the arrest of Napoleon the third. It is believed that not another man in the United States has

Jahared so long at one place on one newspaper. What an amount of work he has performed ! What volumes of truths he has laid before his readers ! His selections were always useful, always interesting, always inculcating pure principles. Nothing licentious or unclean ever found a place in his columns. No matter what party, school or creed to which a man might belong, he could always find either in editorial or selection, something wiiich would aflbrd pleasure and instruction. In his political views he was always sincere, and earnestly advocated what he honestly believed. Those views are so well known that in these brief notes we forbear to speak further. In matters of religion, he was a devout Presbyterian. In the winter of 1833-34, he united with the church then under the pastoral care of the Eev. T. M. Hopkins. He at once became an active, zealous laborer in the cause of his divine Master. There was no half way work about him. No looks of solemn sourness, and mere Sunday performance. His was a cheerful, happ3', conscientious, loving, performance rf religious duty. He was a Christian all over, in daily work, in heart and in purse. It was not a religion of constraint, but of freedom. He cho.se the true and right way because he loved it. He said of wisdom.

He preached .religion in his daily life. He literally went about doing good. No one doubted his piety, for. like the Apostle James, he believed that pure religion and undefiled before God and the Father is this ; to visit the fatherless and widow in their affliction, and to keep himself unspotted from the world. He had the wisdom which was from above, first pure, tiien peaceable, gentle, easy to be entreated, full of mercj' and good fruits, without partiality and without hypocrisj-. His evcry-day work was planned for the good of others. He l)egan and ended it with a careful reading of the Scri()tures and with prajer. He ascertained who was sick and who needy, and had about as many patients for his daily visits as a ph^-sician in a moderate practice. It might be supposed that his increasing deafness would incapacitate him for such a work, but if he could not hear the voice of the patients he would go and see them, feel their pulse, give them the benefit of his sunny smile, and perhaps pray with them. Never obtrusively, but always so gentlj- and kindly was this done, that in the circle of his acquaintance he was alwaj'S gladly welcomed, and many a one would have felt as much disappointed if they had missed his visit as they would that of their physician. Nor was this practice ephemeral or spasmodic. It was a life duty with him. Not only duty, but he loved to (lo it. His church was the object of his special regard. He arranged his business and the daj' of publication of his paper with a view to being alwa^-s present at the prayer meeting. At one time, he changed his publication day so that the issue of his paper should never interfere with his attendance at the prayer meeting. There was a time, many years ago, in which a season of spiritual declension had reduced the number of attendants to onlv four or five. Then it was unfashionable to be a Christian, and it was almo.st as well known before meeting as after, who would be there. His faith never flagged, his punctuality never remitted, he was alwaj^s there. It is believed that in thirty-five years, unless absent from town, he never missed a prayer meeting. His deafness was a sore trial to him. He could only hear by means of a trumpet. That he always carried with him. The time came when even that did not enable him to hear, but his attention was not even then remitted. He would occupj- his place. His minister gave him a memorandum of the hymns and lent him his sermon in manuscript to read. One great desire of his life was to see a new and commodious house of worsliip erected on the spot where the old inconvenient building stood ; he lived to see it done, and hoped to hear the Gospel there. His son James, in order to enable his father to hear, visited certain churches in the East, where speaking tubes were constructed in such manner as to come to the ear by a flexible tube, and had one constructed for him in the new church ; he was delighted with the prospect now before him, but as Moses on Pisgah's top could see the land of promise, but did not enter, so father Saxton saw the work complete, and just one week before the dedication, passed awaj' without enjoying it.

His evenness of temper was remarkable. The writer has known him intimately for thirtythree years, for more than twenty of them lived side by side with him, had dailj- inter- occasion in which that temper was riiffletl. For a. man of so much decision of character, sucli clear and well delinod views, and such earnestness in maintaining them, it furnishes a remarkable illustration of the power of his judgment over his passions. He had a great fondness for children. lie recognized tliem, knew who they were, remembered their names, talked to them, often gave them his advice. His genial ways and loving smile so attracted tlieir attention and won their regard, tiiat the\- loved him.

In times when printing facilities bore no comparison to tho.se of the present day, when information in r(!gard to current events could only be jjrocured liy great labor, when mails were few and far between, when post-riders had tfl convey them over the mountains by painful and tedious work, often fording swollen streams and struggling through the mire in primitive roads and primeval forests, when the rude hand-levei- press was the best printing machine in use. and when the ink was distriliuted by a ball-pad instead of a roller, it was no trilling task to get out a weekly" newspaper with regularity. In an editorial written by him fifty-tive years later, he thus alludes to his early labors :

It would bf tliflicult for u person of this generation to imagine llie forbidding a-speet of this region in the year 1815. It was the y<'ar which was signalized by the conclusion of the second war with the mother country, and which firmly estalilishid our complete independence as a nation. The l)usiness affairs of the coinilry, which had been prostrated. were made yet worse by the impoverished and \v()rs<- tlian worthless currene}' of tlie period.

Canton was a village of three hundred inhabitants, and no paper was printed west of it. From ISl.") to 1819, the HejHMitori/ W'as printed in the build ing. and in the very room now occupied by I''esslers grocery. It was "then removed to tin- Kantfnian hnildiiig. still standing, on Soutli Market street. whire il remained until l.sii, when I removed it again to my own premises near by. where it had a home until the consolidation of the Rej/tmti'ri/ and Republinin, in 1808. My first article in my first paper, printed March 30. 181.5, was a prospectus, wliicli lead as follows :

"TO THE I'lIil.ICK. "'In a government where the blessing of Freedom is en.ji>ye(l and .justly cstimatiMl, it is aeknowledgecl by all thai the <lissemination of correct practical knowledge is of the tirst importance. The continuance of that freedom, the ineslimabh' birthright of every American, must depend upon the Intelligence.

Patriotism and virtue of the people. The establishment of Newspapers are the mo.st easy and convenient means of gaining that correct ini'orn'ialion, respecting tlieir political concerns, which will enable them to judge, with accuracy. Ibc wisdom or folly of their rulers. Strongly impressed with these sentiments, the editor pledijcs himself to Ins patrons, that 'truth shall be his guide, the public good his aim.' In avowing his attachment to one of the two political parties which at jiresent so tmhappily divide om' country, be is free in declaring that his is an attachment, not of party, but from principle ; the result, not of interest, prejudice or passion, but founded on imjiarlial iuvesti,gation. It is an attachment to the prin<-iiiles avowed by the immortal Sages who declared our Independence - to the form of Government guaranteed by the Federal constitution, and a disciple of the school of Washington. .\ candid and fair investigation of political subjects is, uiidoiibledly, the sweet palladium of National Freedom : liljeral and well informed men, of all parties, are invited to make it a liepositori/ of their sentiments - the editor reserving on all occasions, the right of e.vcrcising a decided control over everything offered for insertion. He will reject everj-thing which he may deem illiberal, unjust or impolitick, everything calculated imnccessarily to e.xcite party prejudice or animosity, or lo wound llut feelings of individuals, .\ctualed by such motives, and guided by such t<'nct.s, he submits, <-heerfiUly, the merits of bis laliors and his cause to an enlghtened publick." Such were the sentiments that gave birth to the (Jhio li( jtositury, and these were my promises made fifty five years ago. But where are the then living witnesses who can testify in regard to my fulfillment of llicni V Alas! they have all gone before me to their linal account. Their children and their children's children, one after another, have risen up. The few familiar names of that day are multiplied over and over again. The- few rude traces of the improvements that then siinieed, disapi)car day by day. The village of three hundred is now a city of twelve thousand, and the wilderness ;d)out now "blossoms as the rose" with fruits and fields and homes that exhibit the highest efforts of modein civilization. Duringall this period, a merciful Providence has sp.-u-ed my life, and enaliled me lo |)articipate in the working out of these wonderful changes. Il has been my pleasure every week to witness I he regular appearance of my paper, and to know that as an instrumentality of usefulness and power it has kept pace with the growth and expansion of the institutions of which it has been an index.

His newspaper longevity is strikingly illustrated by the fact that he recorded the liiial battles of both Napoleons - Waterloo and .Sedan. 'J'he article in the ]'i ixisitdii/ and lirjiuhliciiii of September 0. 187<l, 'setting forth this fact, was commented upon by editors all over the country. We reproduce this very extraordinary example here :

From France. The War

London, September 3. - A special correspondence of the Tribune telegraphs from the King's h^tid- THE WHOLE quarters at Vendre&t, near Sedan, Friday : The battle of Sedan began at G o'clocli on the morning of Septem er 1. Two Prussian corps were fn position on the West of Sedan, having got there by long-forced marches to cut off tlie French r.-treat to Mezieres. South of .Sedan wjw the first Bavarian Corps, and east, across tiie Meuse. the St-'coud Bavarian corps. The Saxons were on the northeast with the Guards. I was with the King throughout the day, on the hill above St. Meu^e, commanding a splendid view of the valley of the Meuse and of the field. After a tremendous battle, the Prussians, having completely surrounded Sedan, and the Bavarians having entered the fortifications, the Emperor capitulated at five o'clock and fifty minutes P. M.

In his letter to the King of Prussia he said : -' As I cannot die at the head of my army, [ lay my sword at the feet of your Majesty." Napoleon.

Brussels, September 3. - The Prince Imperial of France has arrived at Chemay, thirty-two miles southeast of Mons. and has been at the palace of the Prince of Chemay.

French Armv

Frenchmen ! In commencing the war to support the independence of the French nation I had calculated upon the co-operation of all. I had reason to hepe for success, and I have braved all the denunciations of the powers against me. Circumstances are changed. I offer myself asacrifice to the hatred of the enemies of France.

Mv Political Life Is Endeu

It appears by Wellington's official account of the battle fought at Waterloo, in Belgium, that Bonaparte was defeated with a loss of 20,000 killed and wounded, 200 cannon and two eagles. The loss on the part of the allies is also severe.

Seldom is the artive, business life of a man prolonged to such a period as li;is lliis one. the termini of uiiieli are marked l)y siicli siariling events. As will be seen elsewhere, Mr. .John Saxton. who enjoved this rare .good fortune, died nii Sumhiv last, theUith instant,

A man universally beloved 1)3' okl iiml young, Mr. Saxton, made a narrow escape with ' bis life in the fall of 1808, A .young man with j a great show of outward piety, and one who made long and eloquent prayers at the prayer- 1 meetings of the Presbyterian Church and was [ greatly beloved by the sisters of the congregation, rentetl the cellar of the house in which Mr, Saxton had resided for inanv years (the house within a few weeks torn down to make room for the extension of the new and beautiful post office building of Mr. James A, Saxton) for storing apples purchased for shipment to the Eastern market. He had bought and stored therein about 1,200 bushels, when he took out an insurance on them of $2,500. The name of the young man was J. W. Meyer, and he came from Pittsburgh. It is strongly- suspected, and in the lightof afterevents, reasonably certain, that, after taking out his insurance, he had procured carbon oil, and sprinkled barrels and boards with it, and then in the later part of the evening set fire to it. He was positively known to have gone into the cellar about 9 o'clock ou that evening. It was soon after the close of the prayer- meeting at the Presbyterian Church, and Father Saxton had already retiretl for the night. Providentially the prayer-meeting at the Baptist Church on South Market closed somewhat later than usual, and parties on their way home from the church discovered the fire and gave the alarm, and it was put out before getting into full headway. Moyer was arrested and tried by the court, but by the superior efforts of able counsel was ac(}uitted by the jury. It was currently reported at the time that having no money to hire counsel, he had secured the services of the gentleman who defended him, by executing a chattel mortgage to him on the apples which had not been materially injured by the fire, and that after being saved from the penitentiary by his attorney, he had endeavored to cheat him out of his fee in the sale of the apples. Moyer soon found public opinion too strong against him in Canton and went to other parts. He came finall}-, it is said, to an untimely- end, a proof that '' the way of the transgressor is hard." Mr. Saxton was a soldier in the war of 1812, between the United States and England. While in the service, upon garrison duty at Black Rock, near Buftalo, he partiallj^ lost his hearing by an accident. In the discharge of .some duty he was under a large canon, when a soldier fired it off, paralyzing the organs of hearing. This was the greatest physical misfortune of his life.

Mr. Saxton commenced the publication of the Repository tluring the administration of James Madison. He belonged to the Republican party of that d.ay. He was suljsetiuently a Whig, but espoused the present Republican party upon its first organization. He voted for the following Presidential candidates : James Madison, James Monroe, John Quiney Adams, also for Henry Clay, in 1882 ; for Harrison in 183G and 1840, for Clay aj^ain in 1844, Taylor in 1848, Suott in 1852, Fremont in 1850, Linoohi in 1860 and 18G4, and Grant in ISCS.

The biosjraphy of John .Saxton, ealls to mind the fact tliat Hon. Joseph .Medill, now one of the editors of the Chieai^o Trihaiif. began his newspaper life with .^Ir. Saxton. In 1831. when Mr. Medill was abont seven or eight years old - his parents then residing at Massillon, Ohio, - his father took him to Canton to attend a Revolutionarj- Soldiers' eelebration, and subscribed for the Rc/josifori/, which he continued to take unlil his death, in 1808 In the winter of 183S-3H, the younger Medill began writing for Mr. Saxton's paper, upon education and kindred topics. During the (;ampaign of 1840, he eontriljuted almost wcekl\- to the paper, many of his articles being used as editorials. Mr. Medill generally called at the olficc on publication day, when Mr. Saxton would press him into the service in -- writing the mail, " after which, the young man would be loaded down with papers for the subscribers on his route homeward. About 1840, Mr. Medill ''learned the ease,'' and frequently helped in getting out the paper. He continued to write for it until about 1845, contributing many articles during the campaign of 1844, when he was editing the Cleveland Leader. He relates that Mr. Saxton usually composed his editorials at the ease, frequentl}' doing this while engaged in conversation with his friends in the office. About the year 1858 or 185!l. Mr. Medill's brother, the late Maj. William H. .Medill, established the liipiibh'caii at Canton, which, a few years afterward, was eonsolidateil with the Rfpository. The Messrs. ."Medill's father was a warm friend of .Mr. Saxton, and, during thirty years of his life, frequisntly contributed to the columns of his paper.

In leaving the record of Father Saxton, it is but appropriate to refer to the somewhat wonderful career of John .McGregor, one of tiie original proprietors of the Sturk ('ounfi/ Denwcr<il under its present management, which, from 1848 to this date, has been with but little intermission under the editorial control of his son, A. McGregor, a period of nearly thirty-three years John ^McGregor made his advent in this city for the purpose of assisting his son, A.

McGregor, in a private school of the latter, in the early part of the year 1848. Soon after, the Democrat was purchased by the two, and has remained in the family' from that time to the present. In taking control of the paper on the 24th of May, 1848, the new editors presented their position as follows : " The paper will be conducted as heretofore upon Democratic principles. We are. and alwaj's have been, opposed to a Bank of the United States, and to a paper currency in any shape, believing with .Mr. Webster, that banking enriches the - rich man's Held with the sweat of the poor man's brow.' We are opposed to a protective tariff, and fishing bounties, believing that they will cripple commerce and tax communities, to benetit the maimfacturer, the iron master, the sugar grower, and the fisherman. VVe are opposed to all moiKi/Ki/ies. Iielieving that all that is necessary to raise our country to the highest pitch of greatness and glory is -n cleur course and IK) favor.' We are in favor of an independent treasury, believing that the people are better (lualifled to take care of the pul)lic monej' than is any soulless corporation. We are in favor of electing all public ollicers, believing that the people are better qualified to choose their own servants, than any President, Governor, Legislature, or Court is of choosing for them. These are our opinions on the subjects mentioned, and these subjects we will discuss calml}' and reasonably in the Demoerat. We will not, knowingly, injure an}' man in reputation or feeling, and if, by inadvertence, anything should be inserted that is wrong or unjust to any individual, we shall always be ready, when convinced of the wrong done, to make the anifiuh: hoiwrabh. Having no personal feelings to gratify", with respect to any one - being under the control ol' no man or set of men, we shall avoid all personal altercations, and shall not allow oth(Ts (through the Demdcrat) to malign, traduce, or abuse any man in the community, nor shall we be guilty of such conduct ourselves. I'rniciji/e.t, not men, is our motto. While we wish ' to do unto others as we wish them to do unto us,' we shall, also, act upon the converse of the [jroposition, and ccact from others such usage as we are willing to accord them. Guided by these principles and sentiments, the Democracy of Stark County will, at all times, find us at our post, ready to do our best in the cause of freedom, equal riffhts. equal

John McGregor, the senior editor, died on the following (ith of September, at Wadsworth, Medina County, his place of residence in this State. He was born in Hamilton, Lanarkshire, Scotland, on the 28th day of June, 1706. At fourteen years of age, he removed to London, and was pl.aced under the care of the Rev, Alexander Fletcher, preparatory to his entering college. After graduating, a few years later, at the University of Glasgow, he adopted the vocation of a teacher in his native town, Hamilton. By nature an ardent Republican, he engaged with ardor in the cause of freedom, and was a distinguished member of the Radical party of 1819. in Scotland. His talents and energy made him a conspicuous leader of the Rehch - they were called rebels in those days - and he was appointed to head the revolt in Hamilton. In the spring of this year, 1819, all parts of Great Britain were rife for insurrection, but whilst millions of men, in England, Ireland and Scotland, had ' pledged their lives, their fortunes and their sacred honor." to stand firm in the hour of trial, there was treachery somewhere, and the Government being made aware of the plans of the leaders, used its huge and mighty power to crush out the rebellion, and this was quickly accomplished. Of course, the leaders being known were marked as victims to satiate the demands of the offended and incensed rulers. John McGregor, as one of these, preferring liberty, at auj' price, to a sdjourn in prison, tied to the mountains, and managed to elude those employed by the British Government to arrest the rebels, until the storm of governmental wrath had blown over, and pardon had been granted to all the leaders of the revolt who remained alive. Seeing that all hopes of establishing a British Republic were abortive, Mr. McGregor with his family, then consisting of his wife, his son, A. McGregor, and his three daughters born in Scotland, determined to emigrate to America. In 1827, he settled in Addison County, in the State of Vermont, where he resided until 18.3.3, when he removed to Medina County inthis State. At the time of his decease, besides the four children brought along from the old countr}- as mentioned above, five other children had been added to Mr, Mc(}regor's family. Mr. McGregor was somewhat known in Canton as a teacher of youth, before he assumed the more complex and arduous duties of an editor. In the strictest acceptation of the word, he was a genfleman. In politics, he was rigidly Arm but courteous. As a scientific man. he, then, had but few equals. He died honored and respected by all. and without an enemy. His mantle has fallen on worthy shoulders, in the person of his son, A, McGregor, Esq., the present editor of the Democrat.

Besides the papers mentioned above, Canton has two papers of more recent origin, one the Canton RrpuliUnta, yet in its first volume, edited and published by Robert C. Cassidy, advocating Republican principles from a proposed higher moral and social standpoint than is often taken by the political press of our country. The other, tiie Canton Coi/n'ei; a paper devoted to the advocacy of the most radical and advanced views of the modern temperance re form, which is controlled and edited by R. C. Mosgrove. Both these papers are conducted with marked abilit}'. Of those wjio have contributed freely and largely- to the press of Canton, and who have had much to do in former years in shaping public opinion, and are yet of great influence in the communitj-, the names of Dr. L. Slusscr and Louis Schaefer, Esq., stand out prominently ; indeed a large part of this history of Canton citj' and township is compiled from their contributions. That " the pen is mightier than the sword " has lieen instanced on very many occasions, and the history of Canton is no exception. Ignoring the fact that at times the political press has been severe, possibly unjust and abusive, it maj- still be said that the press of this cit^', without exception, has, as a rule, favored every movement looking to the material and intellectual improvement of the people, and the cause of true morality and religion has had but little, if any, cause to lament the power of a free and untrammeled press. And this is as it should always be in a free country.

Along back so far ago as the year 1837, the temperance movement commenced in Canton, as in other parts of the country. The Baptist Church seems to have taken the initiative several years before this time as the following action will show : " Regarding the evils of intemperance and its desolating effects upon the happiness of individuals, public and private virtue, and the welfare of the community, it was de- claivil .May 22, 1834, to be tlie strong and deliberate conviction of tbe church, that the time bad arrived when no professed disciple of (!lirist could manufacture, buy, sell, or use ardent spirit as a drink without being guilty of immorality, and violating his profession as a Christian, and it was resolved that entire abstinence from the manufacture, use and sale of this article should be an invariable eoniiition for membership and good standing." The historian's position will not allow him here to sit in judgment upon the wisdom and propriety of the positions taken in this action, and the same will hold true in regard to other temperance movements and organizations for other purposes. It is his province to state the fticts, but he cannot help saying here, that in the absence of almost everything of a tangible nature, after his most diligent researches in regard to the rise and progress of the temperance movement in Canton, he is extremely gratified to be able to start his brief discussion of this part of the subject from this earliest action in that direction. Without being able to fix dates or furnish particular reminiscences, Mr. John Danner. an old resident, and a lifelong active and consistent temperance man. informs us that this movement in Canton has gone through al)out the same stages and the same experiences as in the other older settled parts of the country. The original temperance agitation, as appears in the above cited action, was directed solely against spirituous li(iuors, and no effort was made to prevent the use of malt licjuors. wine and cider as a beverage. This made but little headway against the evils of intemperance, and it was not long until pledges were urged and taken also against the use of the latter. One of the more prominent movements against the use of all alcoholic beverages is known as the Washingtonian movement. The organization was specifically distinguished from all previous movements in this direction as the reformed drunkards' organization, and was carried forward mainly by the recital of experiences on the part of men who had been victims of the inordinate desire for strong drink, and had taken the pledge. These experiences, laughable at times and pitiable by turns, addressed as they were to men's emotions, ran like wild-lin; throughout the length and breadth of the land. According to our friend Danner, the Washingtonian movement struck Canton before the year

1840. The Presiilential campaign of this year was known as the Hard Ci<U'i' Campaign, " and the effect of it upon " NVushingtoiiians " was sadly demoralizing. .Many went back to their cups and never rallieil again. Following the days of Washitjgtonianisra came the Sons, the Daughters and the Cadets of Temperance, organizations to some extent secret in character. While-these still live in some places, they have long since been buried in Canton. I'p to the time of these organizations, everything was ostensibly carried forward under the inrtuence of -' moral suasion." but while tlu^ (Constitutional Convention of Ohio, which framed the present State Constitution, was in session, a strong pressure was brought to bear upon the members b}- the more radical temperance people of the State, to take away the prestige of selling lifjuor, by refusing license for its sale in the Constitution of the State. The convention yielded so far as to present an article on license to a separate vote of the people. .V vigorous campaign followed ; the constitution was adopted, but the article providing for license was rejected. The views presented against this article were that the sanction of the law made the business of selling liquor respectable, and that if this sanction were removed, it would soon cease to be so ; that men would by the force of public opinion be compelled to desist from it entirely. But not so ; instead of the licensed houses under penalties for violating the laws, there was free trade in liciuor. and the traffic, at tirst open and public as before, multiplied tenfold, and finally took refuge in basements and behind green screens and painted windows. This was the beginning of the modern saloon business, and it may be styled also very appropriately the ' transition stage " of the temperance movement, not only in Canton, but all over the State of Ohio. After this began the period of legal prohibition, which combined with various special movements to combine features of all the previous stages, have been going on for a period of nearly thirty years, but which are of recent origin and have hitherto been so unproductive of marked and permanent results that they can hardly as yet be considered historical. Among the present active, energetic temperance men of Canton, we give the names of Samuel J. Rockhill. for some years a teacher in the public schools, ami Maj. Frank Baird.

There are two lodges of the Masonic fraternity in Canton. One of these, Canton Lodge, No. GO, held its first meeting on the Istof March, 1821, under a dispensation from the Grand Lodge of Ohio. The officers were Closes Anderson, Master ; James IXinnan, S. Warden ; B. C. froodwill, J. Warden, and J. W. Lathrop, Secretary. William Coolman was the first delegate to the (J rand Lodge for Canton in December, 1821. The lodge was dedicated January 15, 1822, by Rial McArthur, Deputy Orand Master, and at this time received its charter. This lodge is now in a prosperous condition and is composed of 125 members. The present officers are Henry A. Wise, Master ; Joseph Weaver, S. Warden ; R. Bauhof, J. Warden ; W. H. Wyant, Secretary ; H. Bowen, Treasurer ; and M. Frederick, now one of the oldest merabers. Tiler. Eagle Lodge, No. 431, was organized by members drawn from Canton Lodge. The first officers were Herman Mej'er, W. Master ; J. F. Bauhof, S. W. ; G. W. Lawrence, J. W. ; M. Ruhman, Treas. ; A. M. Shane, Sec'y. This lodge had an auspicious beginning, and has prospered from the start. It has a membership at this time of seventy-two members. The present officers are C. F. Laiblin, W. M. ; J. F. Bauhof, S. W. ; A. J. Underbill, J. W. ; M. Ruhman, Treas. ; T. C. McDowell, Sec'y. ; M. Fulraer, Sr. Deacon ; William Ball, Jr. Deacon, and M. Frederick, Tiler. Whether all its claims upon antiquity arc well founded or not. Freemasonry is the oldest, most wide-spread, and in our judgment the most perfectl}' organized of all the fraternities. We are sorry, therefore, at not being able to present any interesting reminiscences of Masons in the earlj' settlement of Canton.

Lo,/,,,. X,K .to, [. 0. (). /''. - Was instituted Jiuif '.I. 1S45, 0. F. Stidger, James Armstrong, (ieorgc .Miller, Ralph A. Ingersoll, and (i. T. Clark having been the Charter Members. This lodge has been for years in a prosperous condition, and now numbers over 200 members. Stark Lodge, No. 513, was instituted Ma}- 15. 1872, by members from Nimisilla Lodge, and now numbers about one hundred members. Manheim Lodge, No. 408 (German), was also instituted by members of the old lodge, August 27, 186S. Canton Encampment, No. 112, a higher branch of the order, was instituted August 3, 1868, and is prospering. All these lodges of the I. 0. 0. F. meet in the

The Knights of Honor, Canton Lodge, No. 94 - Was instituted March 15, 1875, witli about fifty charter members, and Canton Council, No. 373, American Legion of Honor, was instituted December 10, 1880, with 156 charter members. These orders are both for the purpose of providing insurance for their members at a veiy low cost. Up to this time onl}' one of the members has died in this cit}', and the amount of .$2,000 was paid to the family of the deceased. We are indebted for the above facts relating to the fraternities mentioned, mainly to Mr. William H. Wyant, and expix'ss our regret at not being able to make them fuller and more explicit. There are undoubtedly other orders of a similar character, which deserve as honorable mention as those named, but our limited space prevents any further notice of them.

The early settlers in this township and city being mostly Pennsylvanians or native Gei'- mans, had a high regard, as a rule, for intelligence from their standpoint, and for a .sound moralitj'. It must be acknowledged by the writer of this part of the history of Stark County, himself a Penn.sylvanian, that their estimate of intelligence would not answer the gauge of the present time, nor was it up to the New Kngland standard ; but, beneath it all lay the natural conservatism of the German character to '- make haste slowlj'." '' Try all things, and hold fast that which is good," is sound doctrine in many more things than in questions of religious doctrine and practice. Schools and schoolmasters, in German and English, though both partaking largelj- of the primitive tj'pe, were a part and parcel of the original settlement of this township and city. And one thing is to be said right here in favor of this old German conservatism, the schools here have never retrograded ; though slowl}-, still advancing, they stand equal to the best in the whole country to-da}'. Radicalism, in aujsphere of progress, makes many mistakes and blunders, which require time for their correction, while a progressive conservatism with fewer mistakes to correct, is likely to move forward more steadily and more successfully in accomplishing its object. Some of the earlier school efforts, reminiscences of teachers, and school experiences have been given in former chapters. Among the first teachers of Canton, besides those already mentioned, Capt. Darius Lyman may be raontionefl with honor ; he taiigiit successfully in (Linton, for three or four years al)out 1820-2S, when he removed to Wadsworth, Medina Co., where he is still living, though over ninety jcars of age and quite feeble. Bradley C. Goodwill was also one of Canton's earl}' and honored teachers. About the year 1830, William Dunbar taught school in this city. Before 1830 was also a Mr. Lyman. In and after 1831 came Dr. Harrick Michener, and Messrs. Monks, Timothy Hopkins, James Allen and Beck. Dr. .Michener was not only a successful teacher, but also a distinguished one. He studied medicine, practiced some years in Massillon, and afterward removed to Illinois. Andrew Monks, priding himself particularly in teaching penmanship and figures, was a somewhat peculiar man. He was a very heavy man, with extremely large abdominal development, and withal, pretty fond of his toddy. One of the boys of the day, still living and honored in this city, states that it was almost his daily habit when school had closed for the day to repair to Clark's Tavern in the Fourth Ward and indulge with anj- boon companions he might chance to meet there. As Monks in li(}uor was very fond of discussion, he, on many occasions, provoked quarrels between himself and his friends, when, in accordance with the custom. in such cases made and provided," all parties would adjourn to a neighboring tan-yard and settle the dispute by "a knock-down argument," in which Monks, from his great weight," usually came off' victor. Mr. B. F. Leiter, when he first came to Canton from the State of Maryland, taught school for awhile, afterward studied law, was first elected to the State Legislature at Columbus, where he occupied the chair in a heated contest between the two parties to get control of the House of Representatives, under i)eculiar and somewhat embarrassing circumstances, and was afterward, ' in 1S54, and again in 1850, elected to the Lower House in the Congress of the United States. He continued to reside in Canton until his death. Mr. James Cowles, a graduate of Yale, opened a school in the old .\cademy liuilding, but only remained a year or two. A. .Mcliregor taught one of the public schools in the winter of 1842^3, .Messrs. E. L. (]arney and John Sheridan teaching with him during the same winter. Mr. .McGregor afterward had a select school until 1848, having associated with him his father. John .Mc(!regor, during the last part of the time, when both became coiuiected with the publittation of the Slark ('onii/i/ Ihmocriit. John McfJregor died the same year ; A. McGregor still edits, as vigorously as ever, the Democrat. Ira .M. Allen took the .McGregor select school and continued it until 1849, when he became the first Superintendent of the Union School. A few years later, he took charge of the Charity School at Kendal, now a part of Massillon. Mr. Allen, after a lapse of some years, is again at this time in charge of that school. Before proceeding to consider the present school system of the city, this is the place to state that, in 1838. Rev. Mr. Goshorn and his wife opened a Female Seminary in the city, under the auspices of the .Methodist Church, as will be seen under the history of the .Methodist Episcopal Church, given further along in this chapter. They taught in the seminary quite successfully for a number of years, or until about the year 1845, when they left. An interregnum of a year or so occurred, when the Trustees, finding no one in the Methodist Church desirous or willing to take the seminary, authorized Louis Schaefer, Esq., to correspond with Rev. Mr. .Mealy, and If possible, to secure him as Principal of the seminarj-. Some correspondence had alreadypassed between Mr. Schaefer and Mr. Mealy with reference to another position, which, however, he had declined. The Trustees of the seminary oflered the use of their building for one year free of rent, showing a very liberal spirit, when it is remembered that the institution was under Methodist auspices, and Mr. Mealy was a IjUtheran .Minister. He accepted the pnjfter made him. and at once removed to Canton with his wife and only daughter, who afterward became the wife of ].,ouis Schaefer. Mr. .Mealy continued in the seminary only one year. A few years later, he purchased the Witting drug store, the stand now occupied by Dr. P. II. Barr, so long and so favorably known, over most of the county, as the old Geiger drug store;, on east Tuscarawas street. .NIr. and Mrs. ]\[eal}- spent the remainder of their days in Canton ; they are gone from among us, as is their daughter and only child, Mrs. Schaefer ; but the remembrance of their Christian kindiu'ss and sociability remain fresh and fixed in the hearts and memories of many of the present residents of the city. After Mr. Mealy's retirement from tlie seminary, it remained unoccupied until it was sold and diverted into other uses ; it did a go<xl work, thougli its life was short, and its memory is Ijlessed.

A convention composed of delegates i-epresenting German citi«ens from all parts of the United States, was held at Phillipsburg, Penn., August i;^, iS41, to promote the study of German and Euglish classical literature, and the}' resolved to erect a seminar}- for that purpose. Louis Schaefer, of Canton, was a member of that convention, and although then a 3-oung man, he was appointed general collecting agent for the United States, to raise funds to establish such an institution. For some reason or other, the project failed of realization. But Mr. Schaefer has to-day, in his hands, a subscription list, with original and copied signatures, among the names upon which appear John Tyler, President of the United States ; T. Ewing, Secretary of the Treasury ; Daniel Webster, Secretary of State ; Fr. G ranger, Postmaster General ; Henry Claj-, United States Senator ; Daniel Sturgeon, United States Senator ; John Bell, Secretary of War ; John 0. Calhoun, United States Senator, and E. Whittlesey, Auditor of the Treasury.

In 1840 or 1841, parties in Canton, interested in the cause of education, made arrangements to take possession of the school propert}- donated bj' Mr. Wells, and erect thereon a male academy ; the newly organized English Lutheran congregation paid a part of the money necessar}' to erect the building, with the privilege of using the first floor as a place of worship until it should be required for school purposes. The building was erected, but the school did not prosper to any great extent. In the spring of 1840, a compan}' consisting of Isaac Harter, William Hawk, Martin Wikidal, Christian Palmer, Abraham Lind, Jacob Flohr, George Dewalt and Louis Schaefer, bought the rights of the original Trustees on easy terms, organized under a written constitution still in the hands of Mr. Schaefer, and authorized the latter to secure the services of Rev. Dr. A. B. Bierdemann as Principal, which he did. The arrangement seems not to have been entirely satisfactory ; Dr. Bierderaann, whom the writer of this, in after years, knew personally and somewhat intimately, vpas a fine scholar, and, in most respects, a genial man ; but he was also a man of very firm convictions and even prejudices.

and of an unyielding character under opposition. At an}' rate, the Board of Trustees and he did not harmonize, and. at a meeting held November 10, 184G, he was reijuested formally to surrender his lease of the academ}- building, or rather that part of it used for school purposes. This he did, other teachers followed but with indifferent results, and a few years later the academy building became the nucleus of the present school sjstem of Canton, and was transferred to the control of the Board of Education. In the year 1849, a general act was passed by the General Assembly of Ohio, entitled -'an act for the better regulating of public schools," but a year before this, by a public vote of the people, a public school was organized. Previously, all the schools of the village were under private management, and no special arrangements had been made for the education of the poorer classes of children. The teachers of the former period were generally devoted and earnest educators, whose souls were in the work, and they laid deep and strong the foundation, upon which the present condition of general intelligence and educational progress in Canton has been attained. Among them, A. McGregor and Ira M. Allen were with the first advocates of the public school system. Upon the re-organization of the public schools of Canton under the law of 1849, Mr. Allen, who had already taught one year in them, was elected the first Superintendent of the Canton Union School. Among those who did good, successful work, against all opposition, for the establishment of the public schools by a vote of the people, the name of Mr. G. W. Huntington stands preeminent. He lived, too. long enough to witness the good results, which the people and their children secured for themselves by the \ote of that election day so many years ago. The opposition came principally from the wealthier classes, and was somewhat formidable, though a few prominent property-holders gave the project their favor from the beginning, and nearly all have ever since given the public school work their cordial support. Canton was at this time a village of less than four thousand inhabitants. Mr. Allen was succeeded by Hon. H. S. Martin in 1854. The original records of the Board of Education have been either lost or destroj'ed, and there are no trustworthy statistics of the schools prior to the year 1855. In July of that j'ear, Mr. Martin was re-elected

Superintendent, and teacher in the iiigh school, with eight assistant ladj- teachers in the lower departments, as follows ; Two in the (J rain mar Stiiool ; one in the Secondary (C. and D. Grammar School) ; four in the primary schools ; and one in a mixed school. Among these was Miss j Betsey S. Cowles, who is j-et well-known all j over the State as of one of the best teachers that have graced the profession in Ohio. From ' the nearest calculation that can be made upon the meager data of this period at hand, tlie number of pupils in all the schools did not, in , the year 1855, amount to five hundred. Tlie i Superintendent's salary was S800, and that of the lady teachers ranging from §150 to S400. .Mr. Martin continued in the schools until January 1. 18G4, a term of over eight years. His former pupils invariably speak well of him, and some of them are at this time still teaching in the Canton Public Schools. He left the superintendency to take his seat in the Senate of Ohio, to which distinguished position he had been elected at the preceding October election. In the Senate, he was a warm friend and supporter of all measures looking to the greater efBcienc}- of the school work ; and, if we are not mistaken, ho served as a member of the Standing Committee on Public Schools throughout his entire term of two years' service. He is still a resident of Canton, and a warm friend and patron of the schools. His successor was Mr. H. S. Leland, who continued as Superintendent during the remainder of that schoolyear, and the greater part of the following one. On acci>unt of misunderstanding and ditlirul tics, which, for a time, seriously threatened the success of the school work in Canton, he resigned his position in the latter part of May, 1865. His siircvssor. Daniel Worley, who had before served a pc-riud of ten years or more as Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in Capital University at Columbus, Ohio, but who at the time was residing in Western Pennsylvania, was unanimously elected by the Board of Kducation, on the 13th of June following, l)ut he did not take the position until the beginning of the next school year, in September, 1865. Mr. Worley was annuallj- re-elected until Jinic. 1874, when, under the new school law, he was the first School Superintendent in Ohio, to l)i' I'Iccted for a period of three years. Owing to the failure of his health mainly-, he however, only served two years of this appointment, and, after a period of eleven years' continuous service in the schools, resigned his position in June, 1876. In accepting his resignation the Board of Education passed a series of ver}' complimentar}- resolutions, and showed their further confidence in his administration of the school work by appointing Mr. John II. Lehman, long associated with Mr. Worley in the school work in Canton, as his successor, that the work might be continued in the same general spirit as before.

Mr. Lehman is still in charge of the schools. Though Mr. Worley 's salary was, during the hitteryears of his superintendency, SI ,800, Mr. Lehman's was made $1,500 ; l)ut it is gratifying to the writer to be able to saj\ that the hitter's service has been so satisfactory', that in re-electing Mr. Lehman Superintendent a month or so ago, the Board of Kducation made his salary $2,000 per annum for the new term, this being the highest salary- ever paid any Superintendent in Canton. Since their organization, the schools have, therefore, been under the charge of the five following-named Superintendents :

During Mr. Martin's administration, additions were made to the old Union School liuilding, and a small new schoolhouse, with two rooms, was built in the eastern part of the city, now for the first time beginning to be numbered among the cities of the State. During Mr. Leland's time, preparations were made for a new school building in the south part of the city, but it was not erected until after his successor had taken charge. During Mr. Worley's time, the Board of Kducation erected, in addition to the one last named, a building of four rooms in the northeastern part of the cit}- ; one of six r(>oms in the eastern part, and one f)f two rooms for primary pupils in llu' southeasti'rn part, and one of si.x rooms in the southwestern part of the cit}'. With all this increase of l)ulldings and rooms, the rapid growth at this time always showed a great lack in adequate .school facilities. The need of a new and better Central High Schol building became every day more apparent, and the Board of Education were at last constrained to take the sense of the people upon the question of borrowing money upon bonds for a series of 3-ears, and a tax to meet the principal and interest as thej' became due, so that they might be able to erect several new buildings for primary and grammar schools the next season. Fierce opposition was made against the proposition ; but, after a warm contest, the majority of the people decided favorably. The Board of Kducation commenced the good work bravel}' at first, in accordance with the instructions of the people ; but the clamor of the leading capitalists soon scared them, and the work was left to progi'ess more leisurely* as before. Nevertheless, in 1877, during Mr. Lehman's time, four rooms were added ; in 1878 four rooms; in 1870-80, six rooms, togetlier with two additional rooms to the south building in 1876-77. Steps have also been taken for the erection of a building of six rooms in the northwestern part of the city, and an adtlition of two rooms to the building on East Kiglith street during the present summer, making eight additional departments for next year. The present growth and importance of Canton among the cities of the State imperativeh- demand a better and more commodious Central and High School building than the old schoolhouse on West Tuscarawas street. The growth of the sciiools and of the city may be seen from the following exhibit |)repared and pulilisiied five years ago

School year 1879-80. - Total enrollment, day schools, 2,453 ; night schools, 174 ; total, 2,627. Number of teachers, including Superintendent, male, 11 ; female, 39 ; total, 50.

For the year 1880-81. just closed, the increase in enrollment will be not less than 300, with four additional teachers, and a prospect of even a greater increase during the next school year. About 30 per cent of the pupils enrolled in the primaries find their wa}' into the grammar schools, and about 20 per cent of tho.se in the grammar schools take a partial or complete course in the high school ; but it is gratifying to all the true friends of popular education to know the fact that within the past decade the number of pupils continuing longer in the schools, and of those completing the entire course is at least 25 per cent greater than before.

The course of study below the high school provides for a thorough drill in the common Englisli liranches, including vocal music, drawing and object lessons in elementary science. In the high school, pupils are taken throuah a tolerably thorough academic course in language (Latin and (German), matlieraatics and natural science. With frequent reviews, the pupils in the departments, from the A Primar}' upward, are suljjected to the test of a written examination several times a ^ear. Candidates for graduation in the high school are examined at the end of their course, and are given a diploma only after passing satisfactory examinations in all the .studies of the course, with the exception that in language only the full course in one of the languages stated is required.

Pupils enter the school at six years o:' age. To complete the entire course ordinaril}-, with a pupil of average ability, requires eleven 3-ears. Of these, four years are given to the Primaries - D, C, B and A ; four years to the Grammar Schools - D, C, B and A ; and three years to the High School. Promotions are made at stated times by the Superintendent, but provision is also made for promoting pupils at other times, whose natural capacity or diligent application euables them to advance more rapidl3' than the average of the class in whicli the3' may chance to be at any time. On the otlier hand, pupils not properl3' sustaining themselves are equally liable to demotion. Besides these regular grades of schools, the Board of Education, under the requirements of the general school law of the State, have provided for German-English schools, with three teachers, in which the gradation of the other schools is observed as nearl3' as !na3' l>e, as far as tlie B Grammar Grade, or througli six years of the school course. Man3' of the high school pupils and graduates of former years now fill responsible positions at home and abroa<l, whose whole preliminary training was derived from our public schools. Through their influence in and upon societj', they are paj-ing back into the treasurj- of the public security and good, much, yea, infinitely more than was expended upon their education from the pulilic purse.

Besides the excellent public schools of Canton, there are pannhial schools (English and (iiMinaii) of the Koiuaii Catholic Churclies, with seven teachers, enrolling during the year not less than six or seven hundred pupils ; a parochial school of the German Lutheran Ciuirch, with one teacher and from sixty to seventy pupils during the year ; a select school for bo3"s and girls, started and sustained b^' Prof Worley, May 1, 1877, who is still at the head of it, with a yearly enrollment of about fifty ; and an aeadtmy upon the ground of the Collegiate Institute of a few years ago, with two teachers - Mr. Spencer and Miss Danner - and about tiie same yearl}- enrollment. All these schools in their particular spheres, are doing good work in the field of education. In conclusion, it may be remarked that at no previous time in their historj- have the schools of Canton been dearer to the hearts of the people than the}' are now, and as increased facilities are afforded from ^-car to year, they will, under wise and discreet management, assuredly' increase also in efficiency, in thoroughly preparing the mass of our growing j-outh for the responsil)ilities of the future, and in beneficent results upon society in general, which are onl}- to be secured through the intelligence and virtue of the people.

Canton was originally settled by a class of men from the East and from '- Vaterland," who revered Deity and loved religion of tiie primiti\e type. For the first few years, the early settlers of course found it a hand-to-hand struggle to meet the wants of life ; but the first ditficnlties in this direction having been surmounted in a short time, they began soon to desire the spiritual provender they had enjoyed in the old homes left lieliind thi-m. At lirst this was sparingly furnished, and the more rclislied. Attliat earl}- day, an occasional visit from a missionary was hailed with delight ; to-day, with so raanj- churches and regular services every Lord's Day, how ver}' many, e\en of the descendants of those old pioneers, neglect entirely' to enter a church or to show any other reverential recognition of the Divine Being, As a rule, however. Canton people are a Godfearing people, and her churches are well maintained. A list of them here given will show no lack for persons of all descriptions :

Most of the old pioneers were of Lutheran and Reformed stock, and hence these denominations deserve first consideration. The first preaching in this neighl)orhood was held in the barn of Michael Heed, who lived on the (juartersection just north of the present fair grounds He had a double log barn, and the threshingfloor was the auditorium. The seats were slabs from Slusser's saw-mill. The preacher was Father John Staueh, a Lutheran, whose home was in Beaver County. Penn., and he came at stated periods during the summer months as early as the year 180(>, Alternating with him was Father Mahnenschmidt, of the Reformed Church, preaching at the same place. The meetings were always well attended, as people of all classes came from every quarter, with a j desire to hear the latest news, as well as to discharge their religious duties. In the winter, private houses and the taverns were used less fre(iucntly as places of meeting, especially the dining-room of Dewalt's tavern. There are some reminiscences of this early period worthy of mention, of which we single out one only. The boys and girls of the early day usually went "barefooted ;" they would carry their shoes and stockings along, and would put them on before appearing in the presence of the great congregation ; but after the services they would invariably doff the said incumbranc-es and return home, as far as feet were concerned, in :i primitive state. In 1810, tlie German Lutlieran anil Reformed congregations took possession of the lot on West Tuscarawas street (now occupied hy tiie Presbyterian Church), donated Ijy Bezaleel Wells for a house of worship, and erected on it a small frame structure for a meeting-house. The building was never plastered, but served its purpose for a short time, and several sermons were preached in it. In the meanwhile, about 1808, Rev. Anthony Weier, a Lutheran nimister, took cliarge of the congregation, and he was the first resident minister in Canton, and through his influence the two congregations purchased from JMr. Wells the grounds upon East Tuscarawas street, upon which are at this time a Lutheran Churcli and parsonage, and a Reformed Church and schoolhouse. Many were not well satisfied with this arrangement, and it was several years before they became reconciled. Steps were taken at once to erect a brick church. As an insufficient amount was subscribed, the progress of the building was slow. For several years it stood under roof unfinished, and in tlie meantime was stru k by lightning and considerably shattered. Up to this time the Reformed congregation did iiot have the services of a regular pastor. Occasional supplies were given by Revs. 3Iahnenschmidt and Sounendecker.

The first regular preacher was Benjamin Foust, who began his ministration in 1818. The frame cliurch was occupied liy the two congregations about four years, aud then thej' bought the lots on East Tuscarawas street, where they now are, and built the brick church in 1822, both societies occupying the same building until 1863. Benjamin Foust died in 1832, and was succeeded l>y Rev. Peter Herbruck, who was then only a little over nineteen years old. At the first communion there were only twentj-- six communicants present, and the pastor's salary at the time was $40 per annum, and kept rising until 1858, when it reached $100. This was his local station, but he preached at various points in four counties, ranging from eight to thirteen places. The gentleman is the oldest active minister ; that is, oldest in one place in the county, and is still hale and hearty, bidding fair to be among us yet for many j'ears. He resides in an old-fashioned house east of the church, almost concealed Irom view by a

Rev. Herbruck is still in charge of this old congregation, and will, within a few months, be able to celebrate, with his people, the jubilee of his connection with them. Up to this time he has attended two thousand and sixty-six funer- I als, has baptized four thousand nine hundred i aud ninety-seven persons, has confirmed two | thousand four hundred and forty-six, and has married one thousand nine hundred and sixt}-- one couples ; a record which, it is believed, cannot be efpialed by that of any one pastor in ', one place in Ohio or elsewhere in this country. : The church was finished in 1822, and occupied jointly by the two congregations until 1852.

Rev. A. Weier, of the Lutheran Church, died in 1828. The first organization of thiscongre- I gation was effected about the years 1812 or ! 1813. Among the first appear the names of i Simon Essing, Jacob Becher, a Mr. Kraft, Jacob Rapp, Jacob Bucher, Jacob Rex, George Dewalt, Philip Dewalt, John Coleman, George Schneider. John Leininger and Jacob Kitzmiller. i After Weier, Rev. Prof William Schmidt had charge of the Evangelical Lutheran congregation, commencing his ministrations in the latter part of the year 1828. During his connection I the Joint Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Ohio and adjoining States started the project of a Theological Seminar}-, and made Prof Schmidt the Theological Professor. His first class was organized in Canton, in 1830. The seminary was finall}- located in Columbus, Ohio, and, in 1831, the Professor removed with his class to this place, and for several j-ears and to the time of his death, in 1830, he filled the position ably and to the entire satisfaction of the Synod. While residing in Canton, he united in marriage with Mi.ss Rebecca Buckius, a daughter of John Buckius, who had emigrated with his familj' to Canton some3'ears before from Alexandria, Va. It may be an interesting reminiscence here to sa\' that John Buckius was the last man to look upon the face of George Washington, first President of the United States. Mr. Buckius was, at the time of Washington's death, a tinner in Alexandria, and sealed the lead casket which contained his mortal remains before they were laid away to rest at Mount Vernon. Three daughters of Prof Schmidt yet survive. The oldest is the wife of Prof Worley, in Canton ; the second the wife of Rev. M. B. Lenkcr, Lykens, Penu. ; and the jouiigest the wife of Rev. Prof E. Schmidt, of Capital University, Columbus, Ohio. The theological department of this university- is the same coinmenced in Canton, over fifty years ago. Pastors following Rev. I'rof. Schmidt were Rev. J. J. Fast, in 1831, or thereabouts ; Cadiz, Yale}-, Melsheimer, J, I). Xunemacher ; Fast again ; G. J. Bruegle, from 1862 to 1866 ; J. C. Schulz, from 186(1 to 187(1 ; then J. J. Fast again provisionally until 1872 ; on the 8th of September. 1872, Rev. A. H. Feldmann, took charge, and has served the congregation ever since. The present number of communicants is about three hundred. Rev. Mr. Feldmann also supplies the Hvangelical Lutheran Congregation at (Jsnaburg every' two weeks. At this time regular services are held in both the English and German languages. In 1852, the Reformed Congregation withdrew and erected a brick church on the west part of the premises, leaving the old church in possession of the Lutherans. They occupied it until 1 868. when it was taken down, and the present new church erected, a handsome brick structure, with two spires of unequal height on the northeast and southeast corners.with two large double door entrances in front, and one at the side for the Sunday-school. The church proper is a large hall nearly fifty feet high, frescoed, carpeted and contains pews capable of seating sixhundred persons, altliough, with a little prepai'ation, room can be made for one thousand : rose windows panel the sides, and gas chandeliers near the ceiling, under bright reflectors, illuminate the evening services. A commodious pulpit in the '' west " accommodates the sacred desk. In the rear of this are two small rooms for the ministers, and still further back is a lecture-room, provided with a blackboai'd for illustrating Scriptural lessons, while texts plentifully bedeck the walls. A '-winding stairs" leads up to the second story, where is found the organ loft, and west still are a number of class-rooms used for Sunday-school purposes. Th(! entire building is heated by means of two iunncnsc furnaces.

.Vbout the year 1837, a number of members of the German Lutheran congregation, desirous of securing services in the English language, more particularly for their children, and the majority being unwilling to grant them this privilege in the old church, they organized under Pastor J, J. Fast, deceased. The following history of the English Evangelical Lutheran Church, prepared a few years ago by a prominent member, will present the facts in a clear and concise maimer :

About the year 1837, a portion of the Englishspeaking meiiibers of tlic I.utheran Church being desirous of Iniving occjisioiial services in the English language, anil t)i-i!ig frusli-.it<'(i in tliis by the C.erman members, withihi-w from the ccingregation and formed a new organization under the pastoral ebarge of Rev. John J. Fast. They were joined by -ev. ral members of the German {{efornieil Chureh. ulm were also desirous of attending worship in the I'.n glish language, and, soon afterward, the organization was incorporated as the " Evangelical Congregation of Canton. Ohio." Although always served by Lutheran ministers, it had no direct eouneetion with any Synod milil some vears afterward. The town hall, in the old market "house, which formerly stood on the north side of the public square (now the engine house at the corner of Eighth and Poplar streets), was engaged for their purposes, and was used as a place of worship tnilil 184'i or 1843. After serving the congregation for a year or more, Mr. Fast removed to Cincinnati, b\it after three or four years' ab.sence returned, and a.gain took charge of the congregation - they meanwhile being witho\it a Pastor." In'lH4() or 184"l, an arrangement was made with the Trustees of the Canton .Male Seminary (now forming a part of the \V<'st Union School building), by whiehtheeongn'galioii.ineoiisideralidnof §1,U(»0 p'aid into the building fund of the seminary, were to be permitted to oeeupv the main hall on the tirst floor of that iiislitntion as a place of worship, until the room would be needed "for educational purl)oses," when it was to be surrendered and the congregation was to receive back the money so paid into the building fund.

After the erection of the Seminary buildings, the congregation titted up its room with pulpit aiirl piu~. and at once took i)0.s.session of its new sanctuary. In 184-2, the Hev. -Mr. Wadsworth, who had just graduated from the Lutheran Theological Seminary at (Jettvsburg, Peim,, came to Canton in search of acharge. After preaching a few times forthe congregation, a majority of membei-s favored a change ol ministers, aiid accordingly gave Mr. Wadsworth a "call." Some of the nienibers being ilissali^li-d with the action of the majority, temi">rarily with drew from the congregation, and for a time atlciidcil the Presbyterian and other churches. .Mr. \Vail>- worth reinained about one year, when a Inonehial affection compelled him to "cease preaching. Rev. Dr, Hamilton was iie.xt emi)loye(l by the congregation, and he continued to serve it until bSt.-i, when it was found necessary, on account of the ilislaud- at which the Doctor lived from Canton, his other <-n- .gagements, and th<' dillieully in holding services at a time to suit the various memliers. lo enga.^c a mini-- ti-r who would reside in Canton and ilevole his entire attintion lo the congregation. A "call" was accordingly extended to Rev. A. J. Karn, which was accei)te(l, and Mr. Karn remained Pastor for about

The members of the coimre.galioii wim had eome into it from the Uerman Reformed Church bcin.i;- now all dead, the name of the firganizatiou was about Ibis lime (that is. during Air. Ruthraulf 's incumbency), chaii,!;ed to "Evangelical Lutheran Conirregiitioii." and it was attached In Pittsburgli Syuoil of the Ev.-nigelieal Lutheran Church. This Synoilieal conneetiiin priMlui'ed several protests from other Svuodsof. the cburcli. The congregation was witliin the bouiidsof the Joint Synod of Ohio, to wlncli the Ciiiuan Church at the east I'ud of t..\vn belong.f. and also within the Iiomids of the P^ast iSynod of Ohio, which is attached to the (4enrral Synod nf the church. The Joint Svnod is independent'of theCienera! Synod. The lines of the Piltslmrgb Svnod did not at" that time extend into Ohio, but Slv. Hulbraiitr being a member of that S.ynod, the emigregatinn voted to .LMi info it also, and bein.y' received liy the Synod, it rcm.'uned in connection with if until lS6:i, when it withdrew and united with the Last Ohio Svinid, where if still renuiius.

"Mr. RuthrautT was followed by Rev. 1). (Jarvcr, who rennuucd about three years". While Mr. (Jar ver was Pastor, the .steeple of the churc-h was blown down by a high w ind. and the erection of a new one and other lu'ces.sary repairs, eo.st the congregation a considerable sum of money. For several months after Mr. (iarvcr's wilhilraw'a! the congregation was witboul a Pastor, beiui;- tem|)orarilv served by Rev. J. A. Kunkleman and others. In 'lH(«. Rev. G. F. Sli'lling took charge of the ccmgre.n.ition and reniaiin'd one year. Xe.\t came Rev. jidin \\'. (ioodlin, who continued four vears and was succeeded in IHIi!) I,y Rey. L. .M. Kul'uis. the present Pastor, whose term of service has been longer than that of any of his juedecessors. (.)f all the ministers who have'reguUuiy servi'd this congrei;ation only four are now Hamilton,' Stellinsj." (ioodlin and

The following personal sketch of Dr. Rulins, now the I'astor of the Knglisli Lutheran Cliiirch. uiid second to Rev. P. Herbvuek, the longest resident minister in the city, will be of interest to his many friends here ancl elsewhere ;

Mr. Ivuhiis i.s a native of Western Pennsylvania, educated at Wittenberg College, Springfield, Ohio, which institution conferred upon him the title of Doctor of Divinity in IHTfi. He entered the ministry in the spring o'f 18.VJ. and his lir.st charge was at Freejiort and Leeehsburg. Penn., within a few miles of where he was born, and he preached there for fourteen years, in a neighborhood where his father was foiuider of the church, and lie contirmed. It is very i seldom that a young man can so long and favorabl)' serve a ccingre.L;ation at his own home, which goe.s greatly to (iisprove the old adage "that a prophet i.s not honored in bis own country." In the spring of 1800, lie took charge of a Lutlieran Church at Bellefontaine, Ohio, where he remained until 18li9, when he was called here, thus making eleven yeans of pastorate in Canton, and now being the secoinl oldest minister in the city. He has a pleasant countenance, and numbers among his friends members of every church in the city, besides being on a friendly footing with all the clergy, which, sad to say, cannot he said of ministers in every community. The communicants number 210. .Since he came here, he has received 180 members, but many removals have taken place. He has baptized ei,ghty-seven children ; married eighty-one cou]>Ies ; but upon consulting some old yellow musty records, which we have found in most minislerial sanctums, could not give C(jrrect burial figures, as lie officiated at many funerals outside of his regular congregation.

Trinity Second Reformed Church was organized out of the German Reformed congregation in 1870, with nineteen members. J, B. Shoemaker, of Lancaster, I'enu., was first Pastor. E. Herbruck tooli charge of the congregation in May, 1873. When he took charge of the congregation the membership was thirtj'- iive, and now numbers 160. At the beginning of his pastorate tliere was a heavy debt, which is not yet all paid. Church cost $8,000 ; pews free ; seats 350. He has officiated at the following : Baptisins, 174 ; marriages, seventyfour ; deaths, fift^-three, A few months ago. Rev, E. Herbruck resigned his position and rej moved to Tiffin, to take the editorial chair of the German Rcforinal Mcsscngi-r, the English organ of this church in the West.

Tilt Roman Calliolir Cliiirch - Was represented in the quite early settlement of Canton. John Shorb, who came to Canton as early as 1807, with his wife and three children, was the first resident Catholic in the place. Soon after the war of 1812, other Catholic families came to town, and to ditferent parts of the County ; of the families settlitig in this neighborhood

\ were Andrew ]Me3-ers, Stephen Shorb, George Hossofross, the Pirrong brothers, Joseph Trout, Adam Rider. Cassilj', Owen Grimes, Martin Zimmerman, John Gillig, Floom, and McCormick. As early as 1818, before this portion of tile State belonged to a diocese, the Dominican Fathers, who had been sent West as missionaries, held occasional services at Mr, Shorb's house, oil the locality still occupied by- liis descendants. The missionaries came about twice a 3'ear, and when the weather permitted the services were held in ii grove in front of the house. The time of the inectiiii; was made known in good time in advance, and parties from a great distance, in Stark and adjoining counties, were sure to he present. Catholic devotion to the services of the Church is proverbial, and worth}' of closer imitation liy members of otiier coiumunions. Tile first Catholic service, in Ohio, was at Gallipolis, in 1793 ; the second in Perry County, in 1812 ; and the third in Shorb's Grove. Canton, in 181G. As the people came from great distances, as much as thirt}- and forty miles to attend these meetings, though bringing their own provisions with them, it was often a difficult matter to provide lodging places for them. Mr. Shorb was a zealous worker in the cause of his religion, and it was his ambition to iiave a church in Canton. In his visits to Baltimore and other parts of the country numerously inhabited by Catholics, he made it a part ot his business to get contributions to the accomplishment of this end. When sufficient means for a start had been collected, he generously donated a site for the new church upon his own grounds, and gave his personal attention to the construction of the church thereon. The building, commenced in 1 823, and tinished the following year, was a structure 40 by 90 feet, a section of the East part being partitioned off for family use. Mr. Shorl) was fatally injured at the raising of the building, by a rafter falling from the hands of a workman and striking him on the head ; he died the following day, lamented not only by his faniil}- and his church, but also by the entire coinmunit}-. who knew his personal worth as an upright man, desirous of promoting, by every means in his power, the best interests of the town of Canton.

The first priest in charge of the church here was John A. Hill, a nephew of Lord Hill, of England. He commanded a regim(!nl at the battle of Waterloo. He was married soon after this, when both he and his wife became converted to the Roman Catholic religion. Mutually impressed afterward with tlu^ idea that they must devote the balance of their lives to the service of the church, they agreed to separate, she entering a convent in Italy, and he an institution of learning, to qualify himself for the priesthood. After completing a course of stud}", he was sent to America, and served as a missionary for several years. He came to Canton in 182i, where he continued his labors successfully until death called him home from his earthly labors and usefulness. He was buried September 3, 1828, at his own request, under the eaves of the church, but lat(;r his remains were remo\ed to Somerset, Perry Co., Ohio. Father Hill was loved b}' his (lock and highly esteemed in the community. He was a lover of children, and, without respect to denominational distinctions, was generally beloved by the children of the town. He was a man of a strong social turn of mind, enjoyed a game of chess, and, it is said, he would occasionally try his skill with William Raynolds, Dr. Simmons and William Christmas, the prominent chess players of Canton at that time. For several j'ears after his death, the church was without a regular Pastor. Fathers Miles, Martin and others officiated at intervals. From 1830 to 1834, Rev. John M. Henni was in charge of St. John's. During his pastorate, in 1832, Bishop Fenwick, of Cincinnati, after attending a jubilee in Canton, was taken with cholera on his waj' home in the stage, and died near Wooster, Ohio. Rev. J. S. Alemany followed Rev. Henni in this pastorate. Rev. Henni afterward became Archbishop of the diocese of .Milwaukee, and Rev. Alemany the Archbishop of the diocese of San Francisco. The St. John's Church was twice enlarged to meet the growing necessities of the congregation. For about ten years after Rev. Alemany's time, pastoral changes were frequent. In 1844, al)Out twentyfive families left the English Church, and under Rev. H. Lahr organized a German Catholic Church, under the name of St Peter's, and mi'asures were at once taken for the erection of a German church edifice. Among the later Pastors of St. John's Church were Fathers Doberty, Lindersmith and Bartolett. During the pastorate of the latter, a new church was built, one of the finest in the city, at a gn^at sacrifice of labor on the part of the Pastor, and sympathetic efforts and co-operation on the part of the people of his charge. This congregation has steadily increased, and now numbers not far from two hundred families. We conclude this notice of the Catholic Cliurch in (Canton by a l)rief history of St. Peter's Koinan Catholic Church.

As stated above, this congregation was founded in 1844 b}- Rev. H. Lahr, who died in Cincinnati a few years ago. The membership at that time was about thirty-five families, who had separated from old St. John's Church, which was too small to contain all its members. Under the worthy pastorate of Rev. F. M. Boff and J. B. Uhlman, the numberof members increased rapidl}', so that in the year 1865, when Rev. Arnould, the present Pastor, took charge of the congregation it numbered 206 families. In 1874, the old church building being considered too small, the Pastor called a meeting of the congregation, at which it was decided to erect a large church edifice, the cost of which was not to exceed the sum of 880,000, at the same time a building committee was formed with Rev. V. Arnould as President ; Josepii Biechele, Treasurer ; William Dannemiller, Secretar}' ; Joseph Schott and George Gonder, Advisers ; all active, energetic men. The plan was made at once by H. Engelbert, of New York, in the Gothic style. In September, 1874, the foundation was built, and in June, 1875, the cornerstone was laid with appropriate ceremonies b}- Right Rev. Bishop Fitzgerald, of Little Rock, Ark., the Bishop of Cleveland being then absent on account of ill health. The building measures 164x74 feet. The ornamental plastering or stucco work was done by Carroll & Nolan, a Cleveland firm of great experience and ability ; the wood work was under the direction of Stephen Wagner, of Canton, a very conscientious and skillful mechanic ; the whole under the immediate superintendence of the reverend Pastor. The building is one of the finest in the State. The school children number 280, and are instructed by four teachers. The Sunday school is attended by 300. During his pastorate, the clergyman has baptized 1,495 ; married 195 couples; buried 198 persons.

This congiegation now numbers abont 300 families, and is still under the charge of Rev. Father Arnould, a faithful Pastor, and a wholesouled, genial. Christian gentleman. St. John's is at this time under the charge of Rev. Father McGuire, a man of rare taste and culture, and the congregation seems to be flourishing under his pastorate. It is worthy of note that the priests in charge of the Canton Catholic Churches have, as a rule, been men of more than ordinary abilit3', some of them attaining high positions in the church, and to this fact

The ministers of the Presbyterian denomination, on missionary tours through this part of the countrj-, first made their appearance in Canton about the year 1809, though previous to that time there were some families in town of that persuasion. Itinerant ministers of different denominations had worshiped in favorable weather in Michael Reed's barn, about a mile from town. In the winter season and bad weather, services were held in private houses until the erection of the first court house, corner of Third and 3Iarket streets. The first minister of whom there is any definite account was Rev. JoshiiaJSecr. He lived in Springfield, now in Summit County, but he seems to have labored in Canton, at stated periods, until 1815. There is an entry of a marriage in the records of Stark County, solemnized by him December 18, 1811. To a certificate of a still later date, he signs himself Joshua Beer, V. D. M., Presbyterian Church, Canton. From this fiict. it is tolerably certain that an organization existed at a very early date ; but as no records are known to be in existence, but little can be said about it. From 1817 to 1 81 9, Rev. James Adams officiated quite frequently, and there are several marriages solemnized by him on record. The names of some of the other ministers visiting here in the earl}' days were Mathews, ^^allandigham (father of Clement L. Vallandigham, a Democratic legislator and congressman a few years back, a man of great personal power, of pleasing address, and of great importance to his part}') and Cleland. In the alisence of a regular settled Pastor and fixed services, the church did not at first attain very marked success. In 1820, Rev. James McClean took charge of it, and found it in a very weak condition. He began his labors in the old brick court house, erected a few years before his coming. John Harris, esteemed a good singer, led the singing. In his second sermon, Mr. McClean spoke of the " utility and importance of Sunday schools. " This discourse so impressed his congregation that a meetmg was called at the court house the following Thursday evening to consider the matter. It was there resolved to establish a Sunday school, and a committee was appointed to complete such an organization. This school met for the first time in the court house on December 2, 1820, and was the first Sunday school iu the couut\\ It had, in the start, fifty-six scholars. Rev. .McClean continued to preach during the winter and siinuner following ; but spent a considerable portion of his time in visiting destitute localities in the surrounding country. I'p to the lime of Mr. McClean's advent in Canton, no records of the church seem to have been kept. In the minute book of the session, the following entry appears : Mr. Mc- Clean. not finding any records of a regularly orgtinized congregation, a meeting was called and held on the 13th of Septeml)er. 1821, and proceeded to the election of three Klders. viz., Samuel Coulter, James Latimer and Roliert Latimer. These brethren, having accepted the ollice, were ordained antl installed on the 27th of September, and the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper was administered on the following Sabbath, Mr. McClean being assisted liy Rev. A. Hanua, of Fredericksburg. The membership at that time was twenty -seven. Mr. McClean continued his services until the spring of 1822, and six new members were added to the church. He left the field because of the non-payment of his salary. As the Trustees, Robert Latimer, George Dunbar and James Gaff, Sr., were unable to collect the subscriptions, they were sued by the minister, and, confessing judgment by default, had to make good the amount from their own pockets. .Mr. McClean was an Kuglishman b^* birth, and was a man of quite a stylish appearance. For more than three years, the new congregation was without a Pastor ; but occasional services were given by Revs. James Adams, James Snodgrass and A. Hanna, who had charges not far distant. In October, 1825. J. B. Morrow, a licentiate of the Presbytery of Winchester, A'a.. was engaged. After a foimal call, he was ordained and installe<l b}' the Presbytery of Richland on June 21, lS2t), when the ordination sermon and charge to the new minister were given respectively li}' Rev. James Rowland, of Mansfield, and Rev. James Snodgrass, of Pigeon Run. Rev. Mr. Morrow continued as Pastor until December, 1880, and during the time of his charge there were seventysix additions by profession and letter, and losses bj- dismissal, death and suspension of fifty, leaving at his retirement a membership of fifty -six. The Sunday school was maintained during Mr. Morrow's connection with the church. From an old librarj- register of ]82!1, it appears that Jacob Rex was the Superintendent, and that