Cass County, Illinois - Military History, 1915 (part 1 of 2)

Military History

BECORD OF WARS A PART OF HISTORY - CASS COUNTY IN THE BLACK HAWK WAR - MEXICAN WAR - THE CIVIL WAR - HISTORY AND ROSTER OF REGIMENTS IN WHICH CASS COUNTY WAS CONCERNED - NINETEENTH ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY - FOURTEENTH ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER INFANTBY - TENTH ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY - THIRTY-THIRD ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY - A _ DISTINGUISHED OFFICER AND CITIZEN - THE SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' HOME AT QUINCY - ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTEENTH ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER _ INFANTRY - EIGHTEENTH ILLINOIS (REORGANIZED) VOLUNTEER INFANTRY - THIRTY-SECOND ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY - FORTY-SEVENTH ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY - SIXTY-FIRST ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY - SEVENTY-FIRST ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY - EIGHTY-SECOND ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY - ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-FIFTH ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY - SECOND ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER CAVALRY - THIRN ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER CAVALRY - THIRD ILLINOIS VOLUNTEER CAVALRY (CONSOLIDATED ) - SECOND should not be echoed and re-echoed throughout the pages of history. Wars have, without doubt, been the approximate as well as remote cause of the changed environments and political conditions of every nation or people, and therefore in a historical review, wars cannot be ignored or passed over with a mere casual notice. But it is deplorable that such a degree of publicity and the glorification of the achievements of war are regarded so necessary a concomitant to civilization. that most of our school histories derote space to mobilization, marches, manoeuyres and battles of armies engaged in war, wholly out of proportion to the relative importance of historical events. To many it appears that the vivid portrayal of battle and of carnage, of destruction of life and property, and the spectacular appeal of war, make indelible impressions that are not calculated to encourage an effort later on in life, toward a peaceful solution of differences arising between people and nations. If there were less glorification of war, there would, perhaps, be less war. Better the willows of peace it would seem than the laurels of battle. However, there may come a time when the most peaceful citizen must resort to arms; when his liberties, his home and fireside are in danger; when his government is being undermined by treachery, or threatened by the uprising of a traitorous host, then indeed must the spirit of true patriotism assert itself, and men go forth to battle even unto death for the preservation of those cherished objects. It was thus that our peaceful-loving citizens became _ soldiers; that they went out to battle, and some Sacrificed their lives that this nation might endure; and their names merit a place in the simple annals of our humble community, if only mention in the list of hero dead, or of aged and respected living.

The first war in which citizens of the territory now comprising Cass County were engaged was the Black Hawk war. A short review of that war appears in a former chapter, but no list of soldiers was given, and it is now very difficult to obtain one of those who served in that war from the present Cass County, inasmuch as there was at that time no Cass County, and all records pertaining to soldiers from this territory were credited to Morgan County, and it cannot be definitely determined from what part of Morgan County the volunteers enlisted. A few names have been obtained from the best available sources, and are here appended. Although tke valor and patriotism of any soldiers are not to be measured by county or state lines, it fs pleasant to know of those to which we may fay definite claim.

James Whitlock, Odd Battalion, enlisted from Beardstown, had the following Beardstown men: George W. Foster, Alfred Hash, Obediah Rittenhouse, Samuel Scovele, James Taylor and John H. Wright.

There were several odd battalions, and one of them had John §. Wilbourn, who was the first probate justice, for the new county of Cass, for its captain. Nothing can be learned of the members of his company so far as their place of residence is concerned, nor is it certain that Captain Wilbourn was at that time a resident of the territory now comprised in Cass County, although he did live here when the county was organized.

Mexican War

The Mexican war, growing out of the annexation of Texas, called for the first three regiments from Illinois, and subsequently a fourth regiment, organized by Col. E. D. Baker, then in Congress. The records do not give the residence of the volunteers, at least so far as any to which access can be had. Thus we are left to inquiry among friends and old acquaintances, and old settlers, for any information concerning those who enlisted from Cass County. No roster of soldiers from Cass can be found, but we have learned of the service of the following: Peter Conover, of Company B, First Regiment; Edward Heine, musician of Company D, First Regiment; Stephen Elam, of Company K, First Regiment; Daniel Duckwiler, company and regiment not known; and C. H. C. Havekluft, who was a member of an independent company.

Civil War

When Fort Sumter was fired upon by those seeking to disrupt the Union, it aroused the patriotism of the people of Cass County, as it did in all parts of the state, and it was not long until companies began to organize and tender their services to the governor. Several companies were enlisted entirely from Cass County, and many individuals went at the first call of the president for troops, to enlist where the first opportunity presented. That Cass County citizens responded early to the call is attested by the fact that a census, taken by order of the county board to ascertain the number of voluntary enlistments, shows that by the first day of September, 1862, there had been S881 from the various precincts of the county. It is not intended in this work to give a history of the war of the Rebellion, but simply a short sketch only of the regiments containing companies formed in Cass County.

Nineteenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry

The Nineteenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry was formed at the opening of the war. immediately after the first call of the president, but was not fully organized until about three months later. It was organized at Chicago and mustered into service June 17, 1861. All the companies were either from Chicago and Cook County, and the northern part of the state, except Company F, which was from Cass County. That company had its origin in 1858, when, because other towns and villages were organizing military companies, Virginia thought it would have one too, not with any particular notion that it would be needed for war. but just because it was suggested as a desirable training for the boys. Capt. L. S. Allard, who had been in the Mexican war, offered his services as drill master. The company was formed with Captain Allard, captain, and J. G. Campbell, lieutenant. Captain Allard drilled his company after the order of tactics used in the Mexican war, but it never had any arms. While the political compaign of 1858 became pretty warm, yet no one in Allard's company was much impressed, unless it was Captain Allard himself, of the seriousness of the threats of war made by the southern people, but when the war did come, he promptly tendered his company to the governor for seryice. Goy. Yates already had as many companies offered as he could use, to tender to the national government to fill the quota called for, so Captain Allard was told to hold his company in readiness; but the boys were anxious to get into the fray, much more so than they were a year later, and a number of the company drifted away to find an opening in some other company where they could go immediately into service. Knowlton H. Chandler of Chandlerville had also organized a company at that village, but it was not accepted and he experienced the same difficulty in holding his men. When the call came later for Allard's and Chandler's companies, they found they had only enough left to make one company from both organizations. These were united and the company organized by the election of Allard, captain; K. H. Chandler, first lieutenant, and Thomas Job, a son of the early pioneer Archibald Job, second lieutenant. The ladies of Chandlerville presented the company with a fine silk flag, which it carried through the entire four years of war, and it was brought home by Captain James G. Campbell. The company went to Springfield, and from there was sent on to Chicago, where it was mustered in, aS a part of the Nineteenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry.

The regiment left Chicago July 5, 1861, by rail to Palmyra, Mo., and while Company F was doing garrison duty at Hannibal, north of Palmyra, Second Lieutenant Job was killed, and James G. Campbell was. promoted to the position. On September 15, 1861, the regiment was ordered to Washington to join the Army of the Potomac, but on its way, when about eighty miles from Cincinnati, on the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad, a bridge gave way, and six coaches filled with soldiers were thrown into the river. About thirty were killed and 100 seriously injured. This accident changed the destinies of the regiment, and it was ordered to join General Sherman in Kentucky, which it did, and was in the engagement at Huntsville; campaigned in Alabama, and was in Nashville when that place was cut off from communication with the North. It moved south with Rosecrans' army, and on December 31, 1862, and January 1 and 2, 1863, engaged in battle at Stone River, and there made the famous charge, saving the Union left, and gained the greatest glory, but it paid dearly for it. Colonel Scott received a death wound, and Captain Chandler, who had led Company F across the river, was shot through the head just as he reached the further shore. It was night when the battle closed on the second, and early next morning Lieutenant Campbell, who had been in command of Company I, went with some comrades to search for the body of Captain Chandler. They found it near where some of the company had seen him fall, and digging a grave at the roots of a tree, they wrapped his greatcoat about him and covered him with earth, and marked the tree for identification. The body of Captain Chandler was later recovered and brought home and is buried in the Chandlerville cemetery. Captain Knowlton H. Chandler was the oldest son of Marcus Chandler, a brother of Dr. Charles Chandler, founder of Chandlerville. Marcus Chandler came to Cass County in 1833, and entered land east of his brother Charles, and took an active interest in the affairs of the county. He served several terms as county commissioner. On the official report of the death of Captain Chandler, a commission as captain was issued to Lieut. James G. Campbell, who became captain of Company F, and held the rank until the close of the war, and was with his company through all its marches and battles. The regiment was at the battles of Chattanooga, Missionary Ridge, Resaca and Dallas, when, its time of service having expired, it was sent to Chicago, where it was mustered out July 9, 1864. The following is a list of the men and officers:

Privates: Henry K. Anderson, Virginia, mustered out; William Beck, Chandlerville, mustered out as sergeant; William E. Brown, Virginia, discharged, disability; Sidney B. Brown, Virginia, discharged, disability ; John Barrows, Virginia, discharged, disability; Albert G. Beebe, Virginia, corporal, discharged, disability ; Jacob Baker, Virginia; James H. Border, Virginia, corporal, discharged, disability ; Dennis Conley, Virginia, mustered out; Frederick Cording, Virginia, discharged, disability; Edward Clark, Virginia; Thomas A. Hamilton, Virginia, re-enlisted as veteran; James Hodkinson, Virginia, died in Ohio; Silas W. Kent, Virginia, promoted sergeant and second lieutenant; John Keys,

Learned, Virginia, mustered out; John Lindsey, Virginia, corporal, wounded and missing at 'Chickamauga; William Owen, Virginia, discharged, disability ; Michael Reynolds, Virginia, discharged, disability; Ormand D. Reed, Virginia, discharged, disability; John Russell, Virginia, mustered out; William Remis, Virginia, mustered out; Daniel Smith, Virginia, discharged, disability ; Walker Ward, Virginia, discharged to enlist in Fourth Cavalry.

Recruits: Henry S. Atwood, Virginia, transferred to headquarters, Fourteenth Artillery Corps; Felix G. Cox, Virginia, discharged, disability ; Abraham Hess, Chandlerville, re-enlisted as veteran; John McMullen, Virginia, transferred to headquarters, Fourteenth Artillery Corps; Richard L. Porter, Virginia, discharged, disability; Andrew Sullivan, Virginia, transferred to headquarters, Fourteenth Artillery Corps.

Fourteenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry

The Fourteenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry was one of six regiments organized under the first call for troops. It was mustered into the state service on May 4, 1861, at Camp Duncan, Jacksonville, Ill. The regiment lay in Jacksonville until May 25, when it was mustered into the United States service by Captain Pitcher of the United States Army. The first colonel of the regiment was John M. Palmer, who, after the war, became governor of the state and later United States senator. The quartermaster was John F. Nolte, of Beardstown. On June 19, 1861, the regiment left for Quincy, Ill.. where it remained until July 5, when it commenced a campaign through Missouri which lasted until February, 1862, when the regiment arrived at St. Louis. Soon thereafter it left for Fort Donelson, where it arrived the day following the surrender, and was immediately sent to Pittsburg Landing and participated in the battle of Shiloh. From that time it campaigned through Tennessee and Mississippi until October 5, when it was engaged in the battle of Metamora. Jt was at the siege of Vicksburg until the surrender of that stronghold, on July 4, 1863, and also at the siege of Jackson, and helped to occupy Vicksburg. At Harrisburg. La., Natchez, Wilson's Creek and Huntsville, where it had a skirmish with the enemy, the regiment was in evidence. At Meridian it was consolidated with the Fifteenth regiment, both having been re- enlisted as veterans, on July 1, 1864. In October of that year a large portion of the battalion was captured by Hood, and sent to Anderson- Ville Prison, Ga., a most terrible place, used for military incarceration. The remainder of the battalion went with General Sherman on his "march to the sea." In the spring of 1865 the battalion was discontinued and each regiment filled by recruits, and resumed its regimental formation. It was mustered out at Fort Leavenworth, Kan., and arrived at Springfield, Ill., September 29, 1865, where it received final payment and was discharged. During its four years and four months of service, the regiment marched 4,490 miles, traveled by rail 12,490 miles, and by river 4,690 miles. a total of 11,670 miles. The aggregate number of men in the regiment during service was 1.980, and it was mustered out with 480 men. A full roster so far as Cass County soldiers are concerned is given herewith:

Quartermaster John F. Nolte, Beardstown, promoted from lieutenant. Captain Charles Opitz (Co. A), Beardstown, promoted from second lieutenant. First Lieutenant Henry Rodecker, Beardstown, resigned; First Lieutenant Louis P. Bourquinn, Virginia, resigned; First Lieutenant Augustine A. Snow. Beardstown, mustered out, consolidation. Second Lieutenant David S. Finney. Beardstown, Company A, Veteran Battalion. ' Sergeant John My Jolnson, transferred to Madison Battery; Sergeant John S. Morgan, discharged; Sergeant Charles Nickle, promoted from private; Sergeant E. H. Richardson, mustered out; Sergeant David A. Tull, transferred to Company C, Third Cavalry; Sergeant Augustus Hoyer, discharged for promotion; Sergeant David Carr. mustered out. Corporal Charles A. Eames. discharged for promotion; Corporal Edward E. Foster. discharged for promotion; Corporal Charles H. Harris, transferred to First Illinois Cavalry; Corporal William H. Dutch; Corporal William DeHaven, transferred to Company C. Third Cavalry. William Sales (wagoner), discharged.

Privates: Robert Armstrong. Beardstown, mustered out; Lester Beale, Beardstown, mustered out; Elijah Bond. Chandlerville. died; William Brennan, Chandlerville, mustered out; Amos Burkhardt. Beardstown, mustered out: Alonzo Buck. Beardstown, mustered out: Joseph Burnett, Virginia, mustered out: George Cumnmings. Beardstown, re-enlisted as veteran; August Christianer, Beardstown, mustered out:

Henry Dueker, Chandlerville; Charles Dueker, Chandlerville, transferred to Invalid Corps; Joseph Ewing. Beardstown, mustered out as corporal; David 8S. Finney, Beardstown. 'reenlisted as veteran; Joseph Heine, Beardstown, mustered out; Jobn Hess, Beardstown, mustered out; Joseph Huber, Beardstown, discharged; Caleb R. Jones, Beardstown, mustered out; Dennis Kolihar, Chandlerville, killed; Solomon

Chandlervile. - : Christian A. Kuhl, Beardstown. mustered out; Peter W. Light, Virginia, re-enlisted as veteran; Charles Lincoln, Beardstown, transferred to Invalid Corps; Abner S. Livermore, Beardstown, mustered out; Dexter Loowis. Beardstown, killed at Shiloh; Charles Lucking. Beardstown, mustered out; Archibald W. McConnell, Beardstown, mustered out; John Medaris. Virginia, discharged: John S. Morgan, sSeardstown,. discharged as sergeant; William C. Morrow, Beardstown, mustered out; Carrol mustered out as first sergeant; Andrew J. Norton. Beardstown, discharged; John H. Plank, Avenzviile mustered out: Lester J. Parmenter, Beardstown, re-enlisted as veteran; William H. Parson. Beardstown. discharged: Henry C. Phelps. Beardstown, mustered out: Reuben C. Tool, Beardstown. mustered out: George M. Rhineberger. Beardstown, re-enlisted as veteran ; William Roach. Beardstown, discharged: Abraham J. Sayler. Beardstown, discharged; Calvin W. Scott. Beardstown, mustered out; Christian Schramm. Beardstown, mustered out; Francis M. Schaeffer. Monroe. discharged; George H. Tracey. Beardstown. mustered out as corporal; Thomas Welster. Arenzville, mustered out as sergeant: Edward Weinschenk, Chandlerville, transferred to veteran battery; William Wisbey, Beardstown, mustered out: Charles Willianis, Beardstown. killed at Shiloh: Andrew McFarland (Veteran). Chandlerville, Company A Vet. Battery.

Recruits: Francis P. Ashlock, Beardstown, Company A Vet. Battery; Pinckard Burnett, Virginia, Company A Vet. Battery; Charles Burns. Seardstown, discharged; Henry C. Brown. Beardstown, Company A Vet. Battery ; William Cole. Hickory, Company A Vet. Battery ; Henry Clemons, Hickory, discharged; James M. Ewing, Beardstown, Company A Vet. Battery ;

Battery ; Robert McFarland, Chandlerville, Company A Vet. Battery; James S. McLin. Beardstown, Company A Vet. Battery ; George H. Permenter, Beardstown, Company A Vet. Battery; John W. Richardson, Beardstown, Company A Vet. Battery; Henry Roach, Beardstown, Company A Vet. Battery; Alonzo Snow, Beardstown, Company A Vet. Battery; John F. Switzer, Beardstown, Company A Vet. Battery; David P. Treadway, Beardstown, Company A Vet. Battery; Lewis Weaver, Beardstown, Company A Vet. Battery; Benjamin Wood, Beardstown, Company A Vet. Battery.

tecruits assigned to Company B: Charles Clemmenus, Beardstown, Company A Vet. Battery; Henry S..Cowan, Beardstown, Company A Vet. Battery ; William L. Wells, Beardstown, discharged.

Tenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry Thirty-Third Illinois Volunteer Infantry

The Thirty-third Illinois Volunteer Infantry was another regiment that had a company made up mostly of Cass County men. The regiment was organized at Camp Butler, but was known as the "Normal" regiment, because so many students from the Normal State University were in the regiment and its first colonel, Charles E. Hovey, was principal of that school. Dr. Charles Ik. Lippincott of Chandlerville, immediately upon hearing the news of the disastrous defeat at Bull Itun. gathered as many men as he could in Cass County and preceeded to Springfield, where he offered to Governor Yates his company to be placed in any regiment where they could be used. ,

The company was recruited to full strength and attached to the Thirty-third regiment, as Company K. Dr. Lippincott was elected its captain, William A. Nixon, first lieutenant, and William H. Weaver, second lieutenant. Mr. Weaver later served in the Seventy-first Illinois Volunteer Infantry in the one hundred-day service. The regiment was mustered into service August 15, 1861, 1,006 strong, and left camp for Ironton, Mo., September 20, 1861, receiving its arms from the St. Louis arsenal. It remained during the winter at Ironton, from which point it made frequent scouting expeditions, in one of which it fought the battle of Frederickstown. The next spring it went south, marched overland from Pilot IXnob to Batesville, then with General Curtis marched back to Jacksonport, and thence to Helena, Ark. During the marches it fought the battle of the Cache, and was in many skirmishes. During the winter and spring of it campaigned through southeast Missouri, was sent to Milliken's Bend, participated in the engagements at Port Gibson, Champion's Hill, siege of Vicksburg and siege of Jackson. In August of that year it went to New Orleans. and engaged in the Bayou Teche campaign. From thence it went to Arkansas Pass, St. Joseph, Matagorda Island and Saluria, participating in the capture of Fort Esperanza, and from there to Indianola and Port Lavaca, Tex. On January 1, 184, the regiment re-enlisted as a veteran regiment. and on March 1, received veteran furloughs, at Bloomington, IJ]. It again collected after the expiration of the furloughs. at Springfield. and left that place April 18, 1864, for St. Louis. and from there went to New Orleans, where it campaigned along the railroad from New Orleans to Brashear. There it remained until the spring of 1865. When the Mobile expedition was organized, the Thirty-third was added to the Sixteenth Army Corps. On March 2, 1865. as it was proceeding to New Orleans, upon nearing Butte Station, the train was thrown from the track and nine men were killed, and about seventy were injured, two of whom afterwards died of their injuries. Fortunately for the Cass County boys, Company IX had been detailed to guard transportation, and so they were not in the wreck. On March 18, the regiment embarked for Fish River, Ala., and with General Canby's army marched up the east side of Mobile Bay. It participated actively in the siege of Spanish Fort, from March 27 to April 8, when the fort surrendered. It then proceeded to Montgomery, where it received the news of General Lee's surrender. It marched to Vicksburg, which place it reached August 17, and there remained until it was mustered out, Norember 24, 1865, and on the 29th of that month, it arrived at Springfield, Ill., where the men were paid off. Lieut. William H. Weaver resigned March 22, 1862, and in July of that year organized a company at Beardstown and from other parts of Cass County, for the three months' service. He was elected captain. and Thomas Byron Collins, second lieutenant. The company went to Chicago, where it became a part of the Seventy-first Illinois Volunteer Infantry, as Company G. When this company was mustered out at Chicago, October 29, 1862. Captain Weaver became, in a sense a private citizen. but in 1864 he again furnished a company for the one hundred-day service. He was elected captain of that company. and Ebenezer Fish. second lieutenant. This company was attached to the One Hundred and Fortyfifth Illinois Volunteer Infantry. as Company G.

There were no other commissioned officers of the Thirty-third from Cass County except Capt. Charles E. Lippincott of Company IX. On March 1, 1862. the regiment had orders to leave winter quarters at Ironton, Mo., for the south, and on that day Lieutenant-Colonel Lockwood resigned, and an election was held by order of Colonel Hovey to fill the vacancy. There were several candidates, among them being the name of Captain Lippincott. The vote did not show Captain Lippincott's election by several hundred votes, but he was absent on leave at Springfield. where a commission could he issued without the formalities and annoyances of election returns. Governor Yates knew Captain Lippincott very well, they having been schoolnnates during boyhood, and so the governor appointed Captain Lippincott lieutenant-colonel of the regiment. On September 5 Colonel Hovey was promoted to be brigadier-general, and T.ieut.-Col. Lippincott was commissioned colonel. On February 17, 1865, he was promoted brevet brigadier-general, and after the fall of Mobile was made brigadiergeneral of veterans.

Charles ENet Lippineott was born at Edwardsville, Madison County, Ill., January 26, 1825. His father was Rev. Thomas Lippincott, and his mother's maiden name was Catherine Wyly Leggett. She was a sister of William Leggett, the distinguished editor of the New York Evening Post. On October 11, 1821, Thomas Lippincott and Catherine W. Leggett were married, she being his third wife. Thomas Lippincott being a preacher, he was transferred from place to place to fill various charges, and his son Charles E., received only such schooling as he could in the village schools, and early realized that he must rely upon his own efforts, as his father had a large family, and was receiving but a small remuneration for his services. Charles E. Lippincott received his first start from teaching school for two terms on Rock Creek, in Menard County, at a very small salary, and in 1844 he entered Illinois College at Jacksonville, where, by applying the most rigid economy. he got through the first year of college. His funds being exhausted, he, during the next summer, worked on a farm. Having decided to adopt the medical profession as a calling in life, he soon commenced the study of the healing art with a country physician, and in 1847-8 again attended Illinois College, and had for his instructor, or at least one of them, the well known physician and surgeon, Dr. David Prince. He, however, did not graduate from either department of Illinois College. In 1S4S he went to St. Louis and obtained employment with the firm of which his brother-in-law, W. S. Gilman, was a partner, and while at St. Louis, attended Pope's Medical College, taking a full course of jectures and received the degree of M. D., anda diploma. Dr. Lippincott located at Chandlerville, and began tie practice of bis profession, one of his first patients being Dr. Charles Chandler, who had become ill from his perpetual drudgery over the sand hills and the miasmatic bottoms of the Sangamon. Also, at the request of Dr. Chandler, he looked after the old doctor's practice, thus gaining an excellent start and a wide acquaintance. On Christmas day, Decem- 1851, Dr. Lippincott was married to Emily Webster Chandler, a daughter of Dr. Chandler. In the summer of 1853, Dr. Lippincott crossed the plains to California in search of gold, but soon after arriving there engaged in politics and was sent to the state senate. He remained in California five years and then returned to Chandlerville, where he again resumed his practice, and continued therein until the breaking out of the Civil war.

the war he was a Democrat, but after the war, he associated himself with the Republicans. - Without the place being sought by him, he was nominated for Congress by the Republicans of the Ninth District, composed of Pike, Brown, Schuyler, Fulton, McDonough, Cass, Mason and Menard counties. The district had been overwhelmingly Democratic in former years, but General Lippincott was only defeated by a few hundred in a vote of more than 30,000. When the Twenty-fifth General Assembly met in 1867, it elected General Lippincott secretary of the senate, his father having held the same position in 1821. He resigned to accept the position of door-keeper of the national house of Congress. In 1868 he was nominated by the state Republican convention for state auditor, and elected on the same ticket with General Grant for president. He was re-elected to the same office in 1872. At the close of that term having served

The legislature of 1885 passed the act for the building and establishment of a soldiers' and sailors' home and Quincy was selected as the place of its location. Land to the extent of 140 acres was purchased, and the buildings were erected, subsequently eighty acres being added. It is at the northern limits of the city of Quincy on the Mississippi River, and is beautifully situated. Its splendid buildings, gardens, walks and drives combined with its natura] advantages, give to the old, crippled, and indigent soldiers and sailors an earthly paradise. The Soldiers' and Sailors' Home was completed and thrown open for occupancy on March 8, 1887, the fiftieth anniversary of the organization of Cass County. The first trustees appointed by Goyernor Oglesby tendered the position of governor of the home to General Lippincott, which honor he accepted. It was conceded on all sides that the trustees had made a wise selection, and this was proven by General Lippincott's subsequent career. He entered upon his duties with enthusiasm, fully appreciating the importance and dignity of the position, but was shortly afterward stricken with paralysis, and died at the home September 11, 1887, aged sixty-two years seven months and sixteen days. His remains were taken to Springfield and buried in Oak Ridge Cemetery. The funeral obsequies were conducted by Stephenson Post, G. A. R., of Springfield, the active pall bearers being members of his old regiment: Col. E. R. Roe, William Sutton, Col. E. R. Higgins, Joseph Turner, of Ashland, Charles I. Haskell, of Virginia, Captains J. M. Burnham and E. J. Lewis, and Joseph W. Fifer, of Bloomington, who later became governor of Illinois. The honorary pall bearers were Governor Oglesby, General Palmer, General Mc- Clernand, General McConnell, General John Cook, Colonel Wickersham, Senator Shelby M. Cullom and Hon. O. M. Hatch. The Congregational church, in which the services were held, was crowded, and after the short ceremonies, a large concourse of people with the old soldiers, followed his remains to their last resting place, of a warrior bold, brave and generous. His widow took up the burden of life alone, assuming her duties as matron of the home and there remained until her death, which occurred May 21, 1895. Her family of three children died some years prior to General Lippincott. She was buried by the side of her husband in Oak Ridge Cemetery. As a testimonial of the great respect and affection for General Lippincott and his wife, the old soldiers of the home from their individual contributions, caused to be erected upon the grounds a handsome building known as the Lippincott Memorial Hall. It is used as an assembly hall for religious services, lectures and other entertainments.

Colonel Charles E. Lippincott, Chandlerville, mustered out September 10, 1865; Quartermaster, Richard B. Fulks, Beardstown, mustered out November 24, 1865; Brice Suffield, hospital steward, Chandlerville, veteran, mustered out.

Recruits assigned to Company I: William F. Conner, Beardstown, veteran, mustered out; Harrison H. Hickey, Chandlerville, died at Ironton; James H. Mayo, Beardstown, mustered out ; Enos W. Wood, Chandlerville, re-enlisted as

William H. Weaver, Beardstown, resigned March 22, 1862; Sergeant Henry P. Grund, Beardstown, mustered out as first sergeant; Corporals John Nelson Kendall, Virginia, re-enlisted as veteran; Joseph D. Turner, Lancaster, mustered out as private; Musician Daniel Robinson, Virginia, promoted drum major.

County, re-enlisted as veteran; James Boicourt, Berrytown, re-enlisted as veteran; Edward Boicourt, Berrytown, re-enlisted as veteran; David Blair, Chandlerville, discharged, disability ; Herman Bohne, Beardstown, wounded at Port Gibson; George Goemer, Beardstown, discharged, disability ; John H. Betz, Beardstown, re-enlisted as veteran; Allen Cunningham, Virginia, discharged, disability; David Crews, Berrytown, re-enlisted as veteran; James H. Clifford, Virginia, mustered out; Thomas Crawford, Cass County, discharged, wounds; John Dwyer, Cass County, transferred to Company I; Moses Dowler, Beardstown, discharged, disability ; George M. Forsyth, Chandlerville, re-enlisted as veteran ; George French, Beardstown, mustered out; George W. Foxworthy, Hagley, re-enlisted as veteran; Frederick Goodell, Chandlerville, mustered out as corporal; John F. Uart, Cass County, died at Old Town, Ark.; Charles W. Hincher, Hagley, mustered out; Warren 8S. Huffaker, Hagley, re-enlisted as veteran; Conrad Hendricker, Beardstown, re-enlisted as veteran ; William H. Hickey, Chandlerville, transferred to Company I; George C. Kuhl, Beardstown, reenlisted as veteran; George S. Kuhl, Beardstown, mustered out; Edgar Lyon, Chandlerville, transferred to band; John Lawler, Beardstown, wounded, transferred to Invalid Corps; Reason F. Lasley, Cass County, discharged, disability ; David W. Matterson, Cass County, re-enlisted as veteran; Leonard Mentree, Hagel, re-enlisted as veteran; John P. Matthew, Cass County, discharged, disability ; Henry C. Millner, Chandlerville, discharged, disability; James Monroe, Chandlerville, discharged, disability; Thomas Mullen, Chandlerville, mustered out; William Murray, Virginia, mustered out as sergeant; James L. Needham, Virginia, corporal, died at Indianola, Texas; Charles Osten, Beardstown,

Phelps, Chandlerville, wounded; William Russell, Virginia, mustered out; Wesley Riggs, Virginia, mustered out; James Raybourne, Virginia, mustered out; Louis Renz, Beardstown, mustered out; James M. Sutton, Ashland. mustered out; Brier Suttied, Chandlerville, promoted hospital steward ; Joseph Sissick, Beardstown, discharged, disability; Joseph Williamson, Virginia, mustered out; James Wilson, Virginia, mustered out.

Recruits: James Altick, Chandlerville; Israel Carman, Chandlerville, re-enlisted as veteran; Edwin Carman, Beardstown; John H. Carr, Lancaster, mustered out; William P. Conyers, Lancaster, mustered out; Colby Creed, Chandlerville, mustered out; David J. Curry, Beardstown, mustered out; Thomas S8S. Chandler, Chandlerville, transferred to Company C; Archibald Campbell, Virginia, drowned in the Mississippi River on his way to report; Samuel aA. Gould, Virginia, mustered out; Charles I. Haskell, Virginia, mustered out; Joseph S. Hawken-.

berry, Beardstown, mustered out; John M. » Hawkenberry, Beardstown, mustered out ; Henry 'Hincheliff, Chandlerville, died at Vicksburg; Samuel E. Lyon, Beardstown, mustered out; James M. Maddox, Lancaster, mustered out; Andrew J. Morgan, Chandlerville, mustered out; George W. Newman, Chandlerville, died at New Orleans; John D. Orr, Beardstown, missing; Rudolph Oliver, Virginia, drowned; Elijah 8. Plummer, Virginia, mustered out; Abraham Suvemaker, Beardstown, mustered out ; Llewelyn Snell. Chandlerville, mustered out: Adolph Snell, Beardstown, mustered out; John <A. Towles, Chandlerville, mustered out; William H. Workman. Chandlerville, mustered out; John C. Wilson. Chandleryille, died at Basher City.

One Hundred And Fourteenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry

The One Hundred and Fourteenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry was organized in July and August. 1862. and mustered into the service SNeptember 1S of that year at Springfield, Il1., being recruited from Cass, Menard and Sangamon counties. There were two companies from Cass County, one formed at Beardstown, and one at Virginia. Company D was formed at Virginia, and was organized with the following comunissioned officers: Capt. Benjamin C. Berry, First Lieut. Thomas S. Berry, Second Lieut. David N. Downing. Company A, formed at Beardstown, had the following commissioned officers: Capt. John M. Jolinson, First Lieut. Philander Lucas, Second Lieut. Joseph A. McClure, First Sergt. Norman S. Hitchcock. The regiment left Camp Butler for Memphis, Tenn., on November &, 1862, arriving there on the 26th, and started at once on the Tallahatchie campaign. In the early part of 1868, it returned to Memphis, and was ordered to Louisiana, and on May 2 returned and engaged in the battle of Jackson, arriving at Vicksburg on June 18, and participating in the siege, With a loss of twenty killed and wounded. It was principally engaged in scout duty from that on until 1864, when it participated in the battle of Guntown, Miss. On the retreat from Guntown, the regiment was placed in the rear as guard, and held the enemy in check during the Whole of the first night. There were 397 of the regiment engaged, aud out of that number there were lost 209 in killed, wounded and missing. Lieut. Henry D. Freeman, of Company D, was captured and placed with other prisoners on a train and started south, but he jumped from the train while it was running at high speed and made his escape. After wandering through the woods and swamps for a week he finally reached a Union camp and was sent to his regiment. He served with his regiment during the remainder of the war. Among the wounded was Lieut. T. S. Berry, also of Company D. In August, 1864, the regiment was ordered to Duvall's Bluff, Ark., and leaving Brownsville in pursuit of General Price, it marched to Cape Girardeau in seventeen days on ten days' rations. It later traveled by foot and rail to Kansas City, Mo., then to St. Louis, and from there was sent to Nashville, where it engaged in battle on the 15th and 16th of December. After the surrender of Mobile, it was marched to Montgomery, arriving there April 24, 1865. There it bridged the Alabama River with pontoons and remained on guard until July 17, when it was ordered to Vicksburg, and was mustered out of service, August 3. 1SG5. However, it did not disband, but went to Camp Butler, where it was paid off on August 15 and discharged. The roster of the regiment relating to Cass County soldiers is as follows: : Major Joseph M. McLane, Cass County, died at: Beardstown, February 16, 1865; Major John M. Johnson, Beardstown, mustered out August 38, 1865; Quartermaster Harrison T. Chandler, Chandlerville, mustered out as quartermastersergeant; Sergeant-Major Ezra Fish, Beardstown, promoted first lieutenant Company Kk; Robert A. Beadles (musician), Virginia, died at Memphis; John A. Nleinsteiber (musician), Cass County, mustered out, was a prisoner; Captain John M. Johnson (Co. A), Beardstown, promoted major; Captain Thomas N. Canfield, Cass County, mustered out August 8, 1865; First Lieutenant Philander Lucas, Beardstown, resigned; Second

Lieutenant Joseph A. McClure, Beardstown, killed; First Sergeant Norman S. Hitchcock, Beardstown, promoted first lieutenant Company K, Seventy-first United States Colored Infantry ; Sergeant Fred Haid, Beardstown, mustered out; Sergeant Victor J. Phillipi, Cass County, mustered out; Corporal Jesse E. Dunaway, Cass County, died at Jackson, Tenn.; Corporal Jacob S. Stucky, Cass County, died at Memphis, Tenn. ; Corporal Joseph L. Wright, Beardstown, discharged, disability; Corporal John Marshall. Beardstown, discharged as private; Corporal John W. Brown, Cass County, mustered out as sergeant, was a prisoner; Corporal William H. Hageman, Cass County, mustered out as private; Corporal Joseph Riffer, Cass County, mustered out; Corporal Christian Pilger, Beardstown, mustered out.

Privates: Richard B. Adams, Cass County, died at Memphis, Tenn.; A. D. Adkins, Cass County, mustered out; John Anderson. Cass County, deserted; William Buck, Cass County, mustered out; Lewis Boemler, Beardstown, mustered out; M. L. Brown, Cass County, mustered out; James C. Blanford, Cass County, mustered out; Pierre Buck, Cass County, mustered out; Robert Branian, Cass County, mustered out; Thomas Canfield, Cass County, promoted to captain; John M. Caffenberger, Beardstown, mustered out; Samuel P. Coy, Cass County, discharged; Collen Cordell, Cass County, died at Memphis; William F. Crow, Cass County, missing; Francis M. Davis. Beardstown, mustered out; John Davis, Beardstown, discharged. disability; Asa Dean, Beardstown, mustered out; Rufus M. Deeds, Cass County, mustered out; Peter Douglas, Beardstown, discharged, disability; Ezra Fish, Beardstown, promoted sergeant-major; Henry C. Gestring, Cass County, prisoner, Guntown, Miss., died; John H. Goodell, Chandlerville, mustered out; Simon Hansmeier, Cass County, mustered out, prisoner; August Hansnieier, Cass County, mustered out, prisoner ; Albert H. Hart, Cass County, mustered out; William Hall, Cass County, mustered out; Joseph Haywood, Cass County, killed in action: John Heinen, Cass County, mustered out; Thomas Hickey, Cass County, killed at Guntown, Miss.; George Hoffman, Cass County, mustered out; Charles T. Kruse, Cass County, mustered out; R. F. Knippenberg, Beardstown, mustered out; Edward Kenchler, Cass County, discharged, wounds; John T. Wleinstauber, Cass County, promoted fife major; George Knighton, Cass

County, mustered out; Charles E. Lawson, Beardstown, mustered out as corporal; Andrew Listman, Cass County, mustered out, prisoner war; George Linn, Cass County, mustered out. prisoner; Riley W. McLane, Beardstown. corporal, killed at Tupelo, "Miss. ; Robert McCarty, Beardstown, died at Memphis, Tenn.; Luther J. Main, Beardstown. mustered out; Thomas Miller, Beardstown, transferred to Invalid Corps: Thomas Moore, Cass County, mustered out as corporal; Charles D. Marcey, Cass County, mustered out: Louis Merer, Cass County. deserted: Louis Meyer, Cass County, mustered out: Edward Meyer, Cass County, mustered out, prisoner of war; August Pank, Cass County, discharged. disability; Asa N. Paschal. Cass County, died at Andersonville Prison; ~ Lemon Plasters, Cass County, discharged, disability: Frederick William Pass. Cass County, mustered out: John M. Riley. Cass County, mustered out: Frederick N. Reichert, Cass County, transferred to Invalid Corps; Isaac Richey, Cass County. mustered out; Henry Rohn. Cass County, mustered out; Uriah Snyder. Cass County, mustered out; Robert Simpson, Cass County. died Memphis, Tenn.: John Sash, Cass County, discharged, disability : Solomon Sills. Cass County. mustered out: Orange E. Sackett. Cass County. mustered out as corporal: John Shellenberger. Cass County, mustered out as corporal: John Sybrant. Cass County. discharged, disability ; Conrad Schmehl, Cass County, mustered out; Henry Tromann, Cass County. mustered out, prisoner war: William Thompson, Jr., Cass County. discharged, disability: Zachariah Taylor, Beardstown. mustered out: John Truebswasser. Beardstown. died at Mound City: George Fred Unland, Cass County, transferred to V. R. C.; Leonard Walter, Cass County, died at Memphis; William Wagner. Cass County. discharged. disability : George Washington White. Cass County. mustered out: John T. Webb, Cass County, discharged, disability ; Henry Webber. Cass County. died Duckport, La.: John Worm, Cass County, mustered out; John H. Weddeking., Cass County, mustered out: Thomas Williams, Cass County, deserted.

out; Sergeant Josephus Naylor, Virginia, mustered out; Sergeant Frederick Dygert, Virginia, detached; Sergeant John W Plummer. Virginia, discharged, disability ; Sergeant Henry D. Freeman, Virginia, promoted first lieutenant; Corporal Ellis C. Hicks, Chandlerville, died Memphis, Tenn.; Corporal William H. Thompson, Virginia, mustered out; Corporal George H. Martin, Virginia, promoted captain; Corporal William S. Douglas, Lancaster, mustered out; Corporal Martin V. B. Harris, Virginia, mustered out as private; Corporal Buford A. Dowell, Virginia, private; Corporal William A. Harding, Virginia, mustered out; Corporal James B. Berryhill, Virginia, died at Memphis, Tenn.; <Alfred R. Massie (musician), Virginia, mustered out; John C. Downing (wagoner), Virginia, died at Mempnis.

Privates: Cyrus H. Ator, Virginia, died: Robert A. Beadles, Virginia, promoted fife major; John Beckelhamer, Virginia, mustered out; Thomas B. Beggs, Virginia, died near Vicksburg ; Absalom R. Berry. Virginia, mustered out; James Berry. Ashland, mustered out; Lile Berryhill, Virginia. mustered out: Thomas H. Brown, Beardstown, mustered out: Martin W. Clark, Chandlerville, mustered out; Ira F. Collins, Virginia. mustered out, was prisoner; John Cooper, Virginia, mustered out; George W. Cunningham, Virginia, mustered out; John Davis, Virginia. mustered out; Edwin Dygert, Virginia, discharged, disability ; John Eastman, Lancaster, mustered out, was prisoner; Henry Ellerman, Virginia, mustered out; John T. Evans, Virginia, mustered out; Josiah Evans, Virginia. discharged, disability; John Geigor, Virginia. - ; James S. Harding. Virginia, deserted; Austin Harding. Virginia. mustered out; George W. Hays, Virginia. mustered out: Joseph Hunt, Virginia. mustered out; John S. Wikendall, Virginia, mustered out, was prisoner; Nathaniel W. Lindsey, Virginia, mustered out; Allen Lindsey, Chandlerville. died at home; James A. Lindsey, Virginia, discharged, disability; Erastus D. Lindsey. Beardstown, transferred to Invalid Corps; Franklin Looker, Virginia, deserted; Jacob Metzmaker, Virginia, discharged, disability; Henry C. Massey, Virginia, mustered out, was prisoner; John B. Milner, Virginia, died at Duckport, La.; Isaac P. McClure, Virginia, mustered out; William A. Moore, Virginia, mustered out: Thomas S. Moore, Virginia, mustered out: Levi Needham, Virginia. discharged, disability; John Nuttree, Virginia, mustered out;

William Pedigo, Virginia, mustered out; Urbin KE. Pedigo, Ashland, died at Duckport, La.; William T. Price, Virginia, mustered out as corporal; David H. Plumer, Virginia, mustered out; J. Wesley Plummer, Virginia, mustered out; William Raber, Virginia, mustered out; Frederick Raber, Virginia, mustered out, was prisoner; Henry Riffer, Lancaster, mustered out as corporal; Leonard R. Simmons, Lancaster, mustered out; Christopher C. Smith, Lancaster, died at St. Louis; Robert R. Stevenson, Virginia, discharged, disability ; George J. Stewart, Virginia, mustered out; Samuel C. Stith, Virginia, died at Duckport, La.; James M. Thompson, Virginia, died at Bear Creek, Miss.; John Thompson, Virginia, killed near Tupelo, Miss.; Robert G. Thompson, Virginia, mustered out as corporal; Samuel B. Thompson, Virginia, mustered out, was prisoner; Jacob Turner, Virginia, discharged, disability ; James L. Williams, Virginia, mustered out; David Wilson, Virginia, mustered out as wagoner; Albert White, Chandlerville, mustered out as corporal; Casper Wirt, Laneaster, mustered out.

Recruits: Charles W. Anderson, Chandlerville, sergeant transferred to Company B dSth Tll. Inf.; Charles Cunningham, Virginia, transferred to Company A dSth Ill. Inf.; James H. Davis, Virginia, died Memphis, Tenn.; Charles IXikendall, Virginia, transferred to Company A 5Sth Ill. Inf.; James Knowles, Virginia, mustered out.

Privates: Lucian Burtrum, Ashland, mustered out August 8, 1865: Thomas S. Armstrong, Hagely. died on steamer West Moreland; James W. Conyers. Hagely, mustered out; Llewellyn Davis. Hagely, mustered out; James G. Fox, Berryton, mustered out; Thomas Gist, Ashland, mustered out; Richard Jordon, Berryton, mustered out: Joseph McDonald, Lancaster, missing Guntown, Miss., after battle; James S. Smith, Ashland, discharged, wounds; William A. Smith, Ashland, died at Camp Sherman, Miss.; Lorenzo Tomlin, Ashland, discharged, disability; Henry C. Wiison, Ashland, mustered out; Lycurgus Workman, Ashland, died at New Orleans; John N. Wood, Ashland, mustered out.

Recruits: John Mibb (Co. K), Richmond, transferred to Company D dSth Ill. Inf.; John Pickard, Richmond, transferred to Company D 58th Ill. Inf.; John Trumbull, Richmond, transferred to Company D 58th Il. Inf.

There were a number of persons who enlisted for service in the Civil war, who were assigned to companies and regiments made up in some of the larger counties and cities in which places the boys found themselves in their anxious desire to assist in suppressing the Rebellion. Below is found a roster of the regiments and companies where any Cass County soldiers' names appear on the records, or it has been possible to find them. If any are overlooked, or are not found in the lists it will be for the reason that such names or information was not attainable.

Infantry

Privates: Andrew Blantner, Beardstown, mustered out; Henry Broaker, Beardstown, mustered out ; Charles Birehlin, Arenzville, mustered out; Francis 8S. Carner, Arenzville, mustered out; Peter Flarney, Beardstown, died at home; George W. Green, Arenzville, mustered out; James W. Ginder, Arenzville, mustered out; Frederick Holden, Beardstown, mustered out; Thomas Harmel, Beardstown, mustered out; Joseph Hein, Beardstown. mustered out; Henry Ixnoess, Beardstown, mustered out; William Kraft, Arenzville. mustered out; George W. Leonard, Arenzville, mustered out; Henry Lynn, Beardstown, died at Camp Butler; Adam Laffie, Beardstown, sick at muster out: Hugh Kyden, Beardstown, mustered out: William Mayer, Beardstown, mustered out; Moses Miller, Arenzville, mustered out ; George J. McDowell. Beardstown, mustered out; Henry Nickel, Lancaster, mustered out; Riley Smith, Beardstown, mustered out; Frederick Schever, Beardstown, mus-

Thirty-Second Illinois Volunteer Infantry

Sergeant-Major John Madden. Virginia, discharged; Dempson Freeman (Co. D), Lancaster, mustered out; William Allen (Co. E), Lancaster, drafted, substitute deserted ; Alphonson Tebloda, Lancaster, substitute, mustered out; Captain William H. Hitchcock (Co. G), Beardstown, mustered out Noy. 9, 1864: Second Lieutenant Charles A. Eames, Beardstown, killed at Shiloh; William J. Center (musician), Beardstown, iustered out.

'Privates: John Beals, Beardstown, promoted first lieutenant Company EF, @1st Ill.; Melvin Burk, Beardstown, mustered out; Thomas Barry, Beardstown, deserted: Thomas Bird. Beardstown, died of wounds; James Burns. Beardstown, re-enlisted as veteran: Edward A. Cottrell, Beardstown, died at home; David Connell, Beardstown, re-enlisted as veteran: Thomas Darkin, Beardstown, deserted: Samuel De- Haven, Beardstown, died at Memphis: Hugh Donnelly, Beardstown, discharged: Benjamin Eyres, Beardstown, killed at Hatcher Run; John Fitzpatrick, Beardstown, deserted: Johu Flannigan, Beardstown, re-enlisted as veteran: Andrew Genning, Beardstown, re-enlisted as veteran; Peter Grimes, Beardstown, discharged, wounds; John Haver, Beardstown, re-enlisted as veteran; William Hugo, Beardstown. died at Marietta, Ga.; Anton Hoffman, Beardstown, reenlisted as veteran; John B. Loomans, Beardstown, mustered out; William McDowell, Beardstown, re-enlisted as veteran; George Swan, Beardstown, died at LaGrange, Tenn.; John Trihey, Beardstown, mustered out; Seth J. Thompson, Beardstown, mustered out.

Veterans: James Burns, Beardstown, mustered out: David Connell, Beardstown, mustered out; John Flannigan, Virginia, mustered out as sergeant; Andrew Gemiming, Beardstown, mustered out; Anton Hoffman, Beardstown, killed at Kenesaw Mountain; John Haver, Virginia,

County, wounded at Shiloh, died May 9, 1862; Corporal James Hawkshaw, Cass County, mustered out Sept. 7, 1865; Corporal Edward G. Henderson, Cass County, discharged, disability.

Thirty-Fourth Illinois Volunteer Infantry

Second Lieutenant Henry C. Pratt (Co. G), Monroe, mustered out as first sergeant; Sergeant Richard Rudisell, Arenzville, discharged, disability ; Sergeant John M. Schaeffer, Monroe, discharged, disability ; Corporal James M. Smith, Arenzville, discharged, disability.

Privates: August Apple, Arenzville, re-enlisted as veteran: Fred Boles, Monroe, re-enlisted as veteran: Ira Buck, Monroe, died at Louisville, Ky.; Ernst Dahmann, Beardstown, re-enlisted as yeteran: Emanuel Hagernab, Monroe, discharged, disability; Henry Heidbrinker, Arenzville, discharged, disability ; Henry Mever, Arenzville, reenlisted as veteran; Ernst Muller, Arenzville, died at Camp Nevins, Ky.; Henry C. Pratt, Monroe, re-enlisted as veteran; John Roach, Beardstown, - : William Roegge, Arenzville. re-enlisted as veteran; Henry Roegge, Arenzville. re-enlisted as yeteran; Joseph Stanley, Monroe, re-enlisted as veteran.

Forty-Seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry

Privates: Charles F. Burns (Co. C), Beardstown, mustered out; Abe F. Cotrel, Beardstown, mustered out; Benjamin J. Harris, Beardstown, died at Cairo, Ill.; DeWitt McCandless, Beardstown, mustered out; Thomas Paschal, Beardstown, mustered out: Woodford or Woodson H. Sills. Beardstown, mustered out.

Sixty-First Illinois Volunteer Infantry

Recruits: William Fickle (Co. D), Virginia. mustered out: John Gorrell, Virginia. mustered out: Peter P. Gorrell, Virginia, mustered out; George Hicks, Virginia, died at Murfreesboro; William Rudolph, Virginia, mustered out: Chas. Sample. Virginia, mustered out; Adam Weaver, Virginia, mustered out.

Privates: Edward W. Elkin, Beardstown, died at Keokuk, Ia.; John W. Glover, Beardstown, died at St. Louis; Anthony Hill, Beardstown, mustered out; Daniel Rawley, Beardstown. mustered out; William A. Squires, Beardstown, died at St. Louis; George J. Sanders, Beardstown, mustered out; Nick Shoopman, Beardstown, mustered out; Jacob Wells, Beardstown, discharged, disability; Madison Woods, Beardstown, mustered out; Alpheus Wells, Beardstown, died at St. Louis; Asa Winfree, Beardstown, mustered out.

Recruits: Peter Buxton, Beardstown, mustered out; Walter Beals, Beardstown, discharged, disability ; Jesse Cobb, Lancaster, mustered out; Daniel B. Grant, Beardstown, mustered out; David L. Hutchinson, Beardstown, mustered out ; William T. Milton, Beardstown, discharged, disability ; Charles Meyers, Beardstown, mustered out: George T. Ruby, Beardstown, discharged, disability ; George W. Shoopman, Beardstown, mustered out; John H. Shoopman, Beardstown, mustered out; Fred Schmitker, Beardstown, mustered out; Jacob Trommen, Beardstown, died at Pittsburg Landing.

Seventy-First Illinois Volunteer Infantry

Privates: George W. Boircourt. Berrytown, died at Cairo; John A. Conyers, Hagley, mustered out: James Cutlam, Lancaster. mustered out: Mareus P. Chandler. Chandlerville, musteed out: John W. Conyers, Hagley. mustered out: William P. Convers, Hagley, mustered out; William H. Cole. Chandlerville, mustered out; "harles N. Drake, Hagley, mustered out: Albert

Gist, Ashland, mustered out; Charles B. High, Ashland, mustered out; Columbus A. King, Hagley, mustered out; Charles W. Lee, Beardstown, mustered out; Charles C. Magee, Cass County, mustered out; William W. Mathew, Hagley, mustered out; John G. Monroe, Berrytown, mustered out; Thomas B. Nicholson, Beardstown, mustered out; Thomas S. Nicholson, Beardstown, mustered out; George -W. Parmenter, Beardstown, mustered out ; George T. Saunders, Beardstown, mustered out; Samuel W. Smith, Hagley, mustered out; John Thornley, Ashland, mustered out; Joshua Thornley, Ashland, mustered out; Amos Wilson, Chandlerville, mustered out.

Eighty-Second Illinois Volunteer Infantry

Privates: Anton Bihl, Beardstown, died of wounds; Charles Beckemeyer, Beardstown, mustered out June 9, 1865; John Heeg, Beardstown, discharged, wounds; August Peter, Beardstown, discharged, disability; William Raue, Beardstown, mustered out June 9, 1865; Phillip Schmidt, Beardstown, deserted Oct. 15, 1862; Anton Seiler, Beardstown, mustered out June 9, 1865.

One Hundred And Forty-Fifth Illinois Volunteer Infantry

Captain William H. Weaver (Co. G), Beardstown, mustered out; Second Lieutenant Ebenzer Fish, Beardstown, mustered out; Sergeant William McDeHayven, Beardstown, mustered out; Sergeant Morris J. Oliver, Beardstown, mustered out; Sergeant Edwin C. Foster, Beardstown, mustered out; Corporal James Caldwell, Beardstown, mustered out; Corporal James A. Lindsey, Beardstown, mustered out; Corporal William McClure, Beardstown, mustered out; Corporal Edward P. Logan, Beardstown, mustered out; Corporal Samuel Webb, Beardstown, mustered out; Corporal Clinton Garrison, Beardstown, mustered out; Corporal John P. Sanders, Beardstown, mustered out in arrest.

Privates: Abram Black, Beardstown, mustered out; Randall Black, Beardstown, mustered out; Lewis Cowan, Beardstown, mustered out; Allen Cunningham, Beardstown, mustered out; David Clendenin, Beardstown, mustered out; Thomas C'owan, Beardstown, mustered out; Ernest Corte, Beardstown, mustered out; John

W. Chase, Beardstown, mustered out; Charles B. Danbaugh, Beardstown, mustered out; Thomas J. DeHaven, Beardstown, mustered out; John Samuel Fulks, Beardstown, mustered out ; James arifin, Beardstown, mustered out; John W. Haniilton, Beardstown, mustered out; Zachariah Hamilton, Beardstown, mustered out; Guilford C. Judd, Beardstown, mustered out; Harrison G. Livingston, Beardstown, mustered out; Horace Littlefield, Beardstown, mustered out; Henry C. McLane, Beardstown, mustered out; George Mc- Dowell, Beardstown, mustered out; William Mayer, Beardstown, mustered out; Henry C. Millner, Beardstown, mustered out; James H. Matthews, Beardstown, mustered out; Andrew J. Norton, Beardstown, mustered out; Rudolph B. Oliver, Beardstown, mustered out; Frank Peterson, Beardstown, mustered out; William C. Rew, Beardstown, mustered out; Samuel W. Robinson, Beardstown, mustered out; William Roach, Beardstown, mustered out; John H. Rose, Beardstown, mustered out; Levi O. Spangler, Beardstown, mustered out; Charles Schneider, Beardstown, mustered out; Lewis Ware, Beardstown, died at Rollo, Mo.; Eason White. Beardstown, mustered out; Willis White, Beardstown, mustered out. . Recruits: mustered out.

Second Illinois Volunteer Cavalry Third Illinois Volunteer Cavalry

The Third Illinois Volunteer Cavalry was organized at Camp Butler in August, 1861, by Col. Eugene A. Carr, an officer of the regular army, and a graduate of West Point. The regiment remained in camp until September 25, when it was sent to St. Louis, Mo., and on October 1 removed to Jefferson City, and from thence to Warsaw, where it built a bridge across the

Osage River. Then the march was continued to Springfield, Mo. Carr's brigade was under the command of General Fremont, but on arrival at Springfield, Fremont was relieved and General Hunter assumed command. The regiment was stationed at Rolla, from November 19 to December 29. After several skirmishes during the winter the regiment engaged in the battle of Pea Ridge, March 6, 1862, and in a three-days' engagement, the Third Cavalry lost ten killed and forty wounded. Three weeks later the regiment Was sent hurriedly to Fayetteville, Ark., where it drove out the enemy, and on the 19th it moved back to Keyesville, Mo. On April 29, the Third Cavalry arrived at West Plains, but in the meanwhile on the 25th of the month, while crossing White River, Captain McClellan of Company H, with five enlisted men, was drowned by the overturning of the ferry boat. On June 4, the regiment fell back to Fairview and on the 7th Captain Sparks and sixty-six men were surrounded by 3800 of the enemy's cavalry, but cut their way out, although having four wounded and four taken prisoners. On July 5, the regiment began a long march for Helena, Ark., reaching there after ten days of hard marching and fighting, famished for food and water. By this time the regiment had become more or less inured to hard army life. It was engaged in other battles: Port Gibson. Champion's Hill, Black River Bridge, and the Siege of Vicksburg. In 1864 a large number re-enlisted as veterans, the remainder being mustered out September 5, 1864. The yeteraus participated in the repulse of Forrest at Memphis, and in the battles of Laurenceburg, Spring Hill, Campbellsville and Franklin, and were mustered out at Springfield, I1l.. October 18, 1865. The regiment's roster follows: Captain Charles P. Dunbaugh (Co. C), Beardstown, resigned; Captain David Black, Beardsresigned; Captain Erasmus R. Loar, Beardstown, mustered out; First Lieutenant Augustus W. Tilford, Beardstown, resigned ; First Lieutenant James B. Black, Cass County, resigned; First Lieutenant Alpheus Conover, Beardstown, Co. F consolidated; First Sergeant James S. Crow, Beardstown, promoted battalion adjutant; Sergeant Theodore Leland, Beardstown, promoted battalion adjutant; David Clendenin, Beardstown, discharged; Corporal William Richland, Beardstown. mustered out: Corporal James H. Lynch, Lancaster, discharged, wounds, Pea Ridge; Corporal Charles E. Burns, Beardstown, transferred Company A 14th Ill.

Inf.; Corporal James M. Hopkins, Beardstown, mustered out as sergeant ; Corporal Daniel Yeck, Cass County, transferred to V. R. C.; Corporal James Nason, Beardstown, re-enlisted as veteran; Grenop P. Tilford (blacksmith), Beardstown, mustered out; Henry B. Everly (saddler), Cass County, died.

Privates: Andrew T. Anderson, Cass County, mustered out as corporal; Joseph Anderson, Beardstown, mustered out as sergeant; Charles Boxuire, Beardstown, mustered out as corporal; William Boxmire, Beardstown, mustered out; James B. Black, Cass County, promoted; Robert Bailey, Beardstown, discharged; William H. Chamberlin, Beardstown, re-enlisted as veteran; Charles Coleman, Beardstown, re-enlisted as veteran; Martin W. Finney, Beardstown, transferred to Company A 14th Ill. Int.; August Funk, ; Monroe, missing in action, Okalona, Miss. ; Daniel Graut, Beardstown, - ; Adam Guling, Beardstown, re-enlisted as veteran; Joseph A. Hutchens, Virginia, discharged; George F. MWleinstiber, Arenzville, mustered out as corporal; Joseph A. McCandless, Beardstown, re-enlisted as veteran; John Minick, Beardstown, re-enlisted as veteran; John Miller, Beardstown, re-enlisted as veteran; Robert McFarlan, Beardstown, re-enlisted as veteran; William Nicholson, Beardstown, mustered out; Thomas E. W. Owton, Cass County, discharged; Henry Pouch, Cass County, died at St. Louis; William H. H. Percival, Beardstown, reenlisted as veteran; Horation G. Rew, Beardstown, killed at Byhalia, Miss.; John J. Reeves, Beardstown, re-enlisted as veteran; George Specker, Beardstown, mustered out; James Sykes. Lancaster. re-enlisted as veteran; George T. Sprouse, Chandlerville, re-enlisted as veteran ; Henry C. Simpson, Beardstown, died at Springfield. Mo.; Newton R. P. Williams, Ashland, discharged: George F. Wagner, Beardstown, died at Memphis, Tenn; William E. F. Wells, Beardstown, re-enlisted as veteran; Jacob H. Yeck, Arenzville. mustered out.

Privates: Lewis Beckman, Chandlerville, transferred to Company EF; Joseph Barwick, Beardstown, transferred fo Company F; John H. Beadles, Beardstown, transferred to Company IF; John Hatfield, Beardstown, transferred to Company F; John Miller, Beardstown, transferred to Company F; Williams Snow, Beards.

Recruits: Aaron Abney, Beardstown, transferred to Company F:; Thomas Barber, Beardstown, transferred to Company F; Henry_Coleian, Beardstown, transferred to Company F; William <A. Cunningham, Virginia, died at Helena, Ark.; William DeHaven, Beardstown, promoted to sergeant major; John 8. Elliott, Berrytown, transferred to Company F; John Elliott, Virginia, killed near Tupelo, Miss. ; James Finchurn, Lancaster, transferred to Company F; Albert Gilbert, Lancaster, transferred to Company F; David Griffin, Beardstown, discharged; Zachariah J. Hopkins, Virginia, transferred to Company F; Joln J. Higginson, Lancaster, transferred to Company IF; George W. Snow, Beardstown, discharged; Henry M. Sturtevant, Beardstown, promoted to second lieutenant; Davis A. Tull, Beardstown, discharged ; Martin Treadway, Beardstown, re-enlisted as yeteran; David H. Wells, Beardstown, trans ferred to Company F.

Recruits: George Barneycastle (Co. F), Beardstown, mustered out; William M. DeHaven, Beardstown, mustered out; Hiram 8B. Grant, Beardstown, mustered out; John N. Rosenherger, Beardstown, mustered out; John H. Thornsberry, Beardstown, mustered out; Lewis Thompson, Beardstown, mustered out; Willis 8. Wrighi, Beardstown, mustered out:

Second Illinois Volunteer Artillery

Veterans: John W. Anders, (Battery B), Beardstown, mustered out; Charles Carper, Virginia, mustered out: Jacob Coultis, Beardstown, discharged, disability; Amos B. Dennison, Beardstown, discharged; Francis M. Davis, Beardstown, discharged, disability; Henry H. Dunham, Beardstown, discharged, disability ; Elias J. Livermore, Beardstown, discharged, disability ; John McKenzie, Beardstown, discharged, disability: John Meyers, Beardstown, discharged. disability ; George Noble, Beardstown, discharged, disability ; John B. Sanders, Beardstown, discharged, disability: Edward Weinschenk, Cass County, discharged, disability: Asa J. Whitsel, Beardstown, re-enlisted as veteran.

Agricultural Industries

THREE = CORNERED ETARROW - - SHOVEL)) FLOW - THE JUMPER - THE SICKLE - THE CRADLE - THE GROUND HOG THRESHER - MANY CHANGES - MODERN | STEAM THRESHER=A - STEANE PLOW - TWINE BINDER- - - RIDING' PLOW - POTATO DIGGER - CORN HUSKER AND SHREDDER - INVENTIONS MAKE MECHANICS OF FARMERS - PIONEER SWEETENING - LIVE STOCK INDUSTRY - TRIAL OF PURE BRED CATTLE - \MANY PROMINENT MEN FOR A TIME INTERESTED - BREEDING OF FINE HORSES - FARMERS AND THEIR FARMS - INCREASED HOME COMEORT - = CASS COUNTY AGRIGULTERAEL) SOCIETY - THE VIRGINIA PARK ASSOCIATION - FARMERS' INSTITUTES.

Manic

. Remains of the Largest of Several Mounds Built by the Karly Mound Builders. at the Present Site of Beardstown on the Winois River. The Buildings Were Erected About 1846: Buildings and Mounds Have Entirely Disappeared.

earliest settlements were made. necessary was, of course, food for the settler and for such stock as he brought with him. Oxen which drew so many of the "prairie schooners" to this county were more easily cared for than other animals, as they could live off the grass in the summer-time, of which there Was an abundance, and which was cut and stored away for winter use. Milch cows were turned out to roam the woods, their instinct leading them to follow one of the herd upon which a bell was placed. Often horses too were turned out with a bell on one so it might the more readily be traced by its owner and brought home if it failed to "come up," bringing the string with it. Although there was a great abundance and variety of wild fruit in the timber, and the settlers availed themselves of these natural products, yet that would not supply all their need of food. We learn from what the earliest settlers tell us and from what we can read of those days in the records the pioneers have left, that about the first thing the settler did after getting a house of some sort to shelter his family, and a shed for his horses, was to prepare a "patch" of ground in which to plant corn, it being a recognized fact that corn, maize, was the cereal most easily grown in this latitude and climate. Then ten years between the time when the first settlers began to arrive, and permanently locate, and the creation of the County of Cass, saw a great many farms opened, cleared and fenced, and even some of the stubborn prairie land well broken.

Very little of the 360 square miles of land in Cass County is unfit for agricultural uses. That which is not suitable, or at least profitable to plant or sow to cereals, or other crops, is utilized for pasturage. A few square miles that are yet of such a character. and are used for hunting and fishing preserves, are by reason of drainage districts and levees, being rapidly reduced from square miles to square acres. About two-fifths of the land is a rich prairie soil, capable of producing the maximum yield of corn, wheat and oats, which are the principal crops. More than a fifth is found in the Sangamon and Illinois river bottoms, and is of that quality of alluvial soil known only to the rich river valleys of this part of the United States. The remainder is of the timber soil and the unreclaimed bottom lands above mentioned as fishing and hunting grounds. and a few sand ridges. The timber lands have been almost denuded of timber, and have, by reason of proper cultivation and scientific rotation of crops become almost as productive as the prairie lands. Besides the cereals above mentioned, rye, barley, buckwheat, potatoes, both Irish and sweet, are produced, and a great variety of garden vegetables grown for family use, and also for marketing. Watermelons and muskmelons, which, in the last few years have been grown and shipped to the market in carloads, form a great source of revenue from lands formerly deemed worthless. The sandy soil near Beardstown, and in fact all through the Illinois river bottom is peculiarly adapted to the production of melons of both kinds, and sweet potatoes. The grasses grown are timothy and red clover and alfalfa, the last only recently, and not yet in any considerable quantity. It is still in the experimental stage, but is attracting much attention, and while the soil in the county best adapted for its production is limited, it is quite certain that -efforts will be made to grow much more of it than has been done in the past.

Agriculture, by very necessity, is the oldest occupation of man, and will, of course, ever be the occupation which will attract the interest of governments. Indeed all governments have given great care to everything pertaining to the soil, its products, and all agricultural pursuits, and wisely so, for the rapid increase of population is bringing to the front the most serious problem that confronts all nations in peace or war, that of supplying food for the people. Aid has been given the agricultural industries by the legislatures of all the states of the Union, and by the federal government itself. Schools have been established for the scientific study of soils, and of the better methods of cultivation and fertilization. It was in 1840, only three years after the organization of Cass County, that Justus Liebig and Bausingault began the chemical analysis of the soil, since when great progress has been made in that line and the methods of farming have been practically revolutionized. It was Colton who truly said: "Agriculture is the most certain source of strength, health and independence. Commerce flourishes by circumstances precarious, contingent, transitory, almost as liable to change as the winds and waves which waft it to our shores.'"' Under the old methods of farming, for the first quarter of a century, it was about all the farmer could do to grow sufficient food for himself and family. Indeed there was little encouragement for him to attempt more, for the low prices of all products, the uncertainty of a market, the depressing labor necessary to their production for the market, all made farming distasteful to the generation succeeding the early settlers, and resulted in the desire to find other employment more agreeable which promised more ready returns for labor. Those who participated in the early methods are glad to forget them, and those who have had no personal experience, when they do hear of them, are thankful they live in another age. EARLY FARM IMPLEMENTS. To return to pioneer activities. After the trees and brush had been cleared away, the early settler broke his land, and then if he was fortunate enough to possess an old "A" harrow, he dragged it over the ground to level it to some degree. Then if corn was to be planted, the ground was laid off by a sort of three-runner Sled one way, and a shovel plow the other way. The corn was dropped by hand, by the boys and girls, the men following and covering it with a hoe. When there were not too many stumps in the way and the ground was sufficiently loose, a more expeditious method of covering the corn was adopted. A "jumper' was made like a single shovel plow, only the shovel was made square on the edge that entered the ground, and the driver would hold to both handles and when he reached the spot where the corn lay, he would lift up the plow, leaving the loose dirt dragged up to cover the corn; that is, the driver kept jumping the hill with the plow, leaving the dirt to drop on the corn, and hence the name "jumper" was given to this style of plow. In the hands of a stout armed, skillful plowman, this implement did very satisfactory work. When the first corn planter came into use it was some time before the wary farmer could put trust in it to drop and cover the corn; he would be seen scratching in the ground behind "that newfangled thing," to see if the corn was really in the ground.

The wheat, oats, barley, rye and similar grains were all sown by hand "broadcast," as it was called, and when it came to harvesting, the work all had to be done by hand, even the sickle, the implement of thousands of years ago, was at first the only tool with which the pioneer's grain was cut from the ground. For some time prior to 1860, a great portion of the grain grown in Cass County was cut with a "cradle," after inventive genius had given us something as a substitute for the old-time sickle. A cradle was made with a blade of steel nearly like a scythe blade, above which was a frame built, with five fingers of hard wood, shaped to follow the curve or partial circle of the blade. The fingers were supported by upright cross bars of light hard wood, and braced from the handle with small iron rods. The handle was attached to the blade like a scythe handle, but at the outer end it curved upward so as to form a hand hold, and on the handle, down toward the blade, was an extension handle similar to the extension handles on common mowing scythes of the present day. <A few old cradles may occasionally be seen among the relics of old families, preserved from primitive days.

Threshing Machines

The first threshers were the old "ground hogs," which knocked the grain out of the straw but did not clean it. The grain had to be cleaned of the chaff, either by the method used when it was flailed out, that is by tossing it up in a large sheet or cloth and letting the wind do the work of cleaning, or it had to be run through a fanning mill, the like of which, with some slight improvements, are in use still for cleaning wheat, seed, etc. Later, the separator or threshing machine was so improved that it cleaned the wheat ready for the mill or market. Horse power was first used as motive power; and when an old, broken-down threshing machine made its appearance in a neighborhood at threshing time, it created as much excitement as a onering circus would at the present day. The lamp of genius has burned as brightly and wrought as wonderful changes as Aladdin's of old, and we now have the steam thresher, the steam plow, the twine binder, the various riding plows, both for breaking the soil and for cultivating the corn, the potato digger, and the corn husker and shredder. In fact, so many and varied are the farm machines and mechanical appliances for use in agricultural pursuits, that farmer boys are often now mechanics and engineers, from practical use of the same and what was once drudgery on the farm has become a training in mechanics.

woven, and such uses made of it as was possible by home industry in those primitive days. It was found, however, that its cultivation in Cass County was not profitable, and the industry was abandoned. <A few people undertook also to grow cotton, and it is said on good authority that prior to the "deep snow," in the winter of 1830-31, from which many events are dated, the settlers raised sufficient cotton to supply their limited needs. The seed was extracted by hand, the cotton carded by hand carders, and then spun into thread and finally woven; all of this labor being performed by the women and children. From the time of this unusual storm, however, the climate seems to have undergone a very material change, and has proven unsuitable for the growth of cotton, although a few small fields were to be seen as late as 1860. It Was a very common thing to see a small field or "natch" of buckwheat on the farms of the early settlers.

Pioneer Sweetening

A great number of families kept a few swarms of bees and the flower of the buckwheat was considered almost indispensable to the bees in their Work of manufacturing the best of honey. This was a great article of commerce, and the heeswax Was also eagerly sought, but more of both products was obtained from the wild than the domestic hees. The woods were full of hees, almost every hollow tree might be expected to contain a swarm of bees with a large supply of honey. Therefore much honey and beeswax were shipped to St. Louis by the Illinois River; these articles forming a large part of the cargo of the rafts, the earliest crafts on the river. As a great portion of the timber land was yet owned by the Government, it was not considered unlawful or improper to cut a bee tree, no matter where it was found. Even after the land was entered, and enclosed by the settlers, there was an unwritten law that any person finding a bee tree had the right to cut it. It became customary. however. for the bee-hunter when he cut a tree. if it was on land whose owner was known and lived in the neighborhood, to take a portion of the honey to the landowner. The settlers were pretty well supplied with honey the year round. The next best thing of a saccharine nature used by the early settlers, and by many to this day, was molasses made from more in the earlier days than now, although in several parts of the country sorghum forms a part of the regular annual crop. In planting, it was drilled in rows as wide as corn rows, and the patch was usually placed in the end of a corn field, so that it couid be cultivated at the time of plowing the corn. When ripe the boys were put into the patch to "strip" it. That process was the pulling off of all the blades, and tying them into bundles to be stored away for feed for the stock in winter. Then the tops were cut off and stored away for seed for the next year, and for chicken feed. After stripping and topping, the stock was cut down and hauled to the mill. Several such mills were to be found in each neighborhood. Those used in the earliest times, and for some time on, were made of two upright rollers of wood, set close together, leaving space enough for the cane to pass through and yet crush out all the juice, which ran down into a receptacle placed at the bottom of the rollers. <A great lever or beam extended from the top of the rollers out for quite a distance, and dropped at the outer end, where a horse was hitched as the propelling power. The horse moved in a circle and the "feeder" stood close by the rollers or cylinders, or sat down if he wished, the beam being high enough to pass over his head, as he poked the cane between the rollers. This simple device answered the purpose very well, and in molasses making season, the screeching of the old sugar cane windlass could be heard for a mile or more on any frosty morning. The molasses was made by boiling the cane juice in great metal pans over improvised outdoor furnaces. Most of the settlers were skilled in this boiling process and the youngsters had great sport in camping out at night to watch and keep up the fires.

Live Stock Industry

The breeding, raising and feeding of live stock has been one of the important industries of the county, of course closely connected with other agricultural pursuits. The largest farming and stock raising industry of the county until about 1874, was conducted by John Prunty, who owned nearly one thousand acres of land west and northwest of Ashland in section 29, and section 382, township 17, range S. In the year 1874 he planted about seven hundred acres in corn, thus changing the quality of his products. Mr. Prunty came to Cass County in 1834. and is said to be the first person to grow timothy in the county, and also the first who erected stock scales. Cattle and hogs had, prior to that time, been "suessed off' or driven to market and there weighed, and when Mr. Prunty erected his scales, it is said hundreds of people came to witness the experiment of weighing cattle. As far back as 1850 Mr. Prunty fed and prepared for market 150 head of cattle that averaged in weight over one thousand six hundred pounds. Most of the ecatile prepared for market, either by feeding or grazing, were driven east even as far as Baltimore. In 1842 a man named Long had 700 head of cattle ready for the market and started them out 100 head at a time, the first bunch on the first of March. It was seven weeks before the last herd went out of the county. Two men went with each herd; one led a steer and the other drove. John A. Petefish, for many years a prosperous farmer of Cass County, and one of the organizers of the Centennial National Bank of Virginia, regards as an interesting incident of his life his trip with a drove of cattle, during which he walked from the vicinity of Virginia to Baltimore, leading a steer.

There were a number of cattle feeders in the early years of Cass County, among them being: Jacob Epler, Jacob Petefish, Sr., David Epler, Christ Crum, John Epler, Levi Conover, Jacob Dinaway in partnership with Jacob D. Ward and James Crum. Among those of later years who engaged with more or Jess profit in feeding and shipping stock were; John W. Seaman, James Dick and his sons, Phil Buraker, George Rawlings, William Stevenson and sons, Widmayer Bros., George H. Henderson, I. M. Stribling, F. Cc. Fox, Henry Campbell, George Virgin, George A. Beard. George Cosner, W. H. Conover, C. W. Conover, Marcus L. Crum, James Crawford and Henry Quigg. From the time these later shippers began, or embarked in the business to any considerable extent, railroad facilities for shipping were open to the market at St. Louis and Chicago. and through to the East. Robert Hall, who also shipped many cattle, often took them to New York or eastern markets by rail.

The breeding and raising of pure bred cattle of various kinds was also engaged in to some extent. John Prunty, before mentioned, and William Stevenson and sons, had several herds of Durham or Short Horns which they often exhibited at the county and state fairs. and were very successful in obtaining first premiums on many of their exhibits. General Lippincott also engaged quite extensively in the breeding of fine blooded cattle on his Flat Meadow Farm, adjoining Chandlerville on the west. in the Sangamon bottom. While he produced cattle of a yery high grade and of most excellent quality, he was not successful in the enterprise financially. He paid fabulous prices for individuals, and although they -produced him some most excellent individuals in return, yet he could not dispose of them for anywhere near the prices he had paid, nor at a price that would remunerate him for the cost of maintenance. The profitable period of feeding and shipping cattle did not last a great length of time in the county. and the wiser ones abandoned the business to avert serious loss. Some few continued long after it ceased to be profitable to the general cattle men, in the hope that a turn for the better would occur, and they added materially to the financial prosperity of the county by their efforts in that industry.

The breeding of horses was engaged in hy a number of individuals and firms. About 1880, the trotting horse fever struck the county. A company was formed and imported a fine highpriced horse from Kentucky, named Margrave. I. M. Stribling & Sons had the registered trotter, Prospect King No. 6176, which was, perhaps. the finest show horse of his time. in this part of the state. He was not a record breaker for speed, but could trot in low time. Other trotters were: Membrino King. Dubuque. Diatonic, Georgia, Francis M.. Golight, and a few others whose names cannot now be recalled. Francis M. was owned by Archibald Mains. and was one of the first show horses in this part of Illinois, and was aWarded first prize at the St. Louis Exposition in 1902. A number of individuals and firms and companies later began the breeding of draft horses. on seeing that the trotting horse was not so profitable as had been anticipated, and that the market for roadsters was much more limited than that of the draft or general purpose horse. The latter venture proved much more successful and many are still engaged regularly in this industry.

Farmers And Their Farms

The census of 1840, the first taken after the organization of Cass County, gives 582 persons engaged in agricultural pursuits in this county. By 1870 there were 2.231 engaged in farming, and we had 92,902 acres of improved lands, and of unimproved woodland, 33,493 acres; other unimproved lands, 6,604 acres. All of this land was yalued at $4,591,535. It will be interesting to note that in 1910 the farm lands amounted to 207,007 acres, and the woodland land, 26,114 acres, and the unimproved included in or connected with farms, 18,161 acres. The value of all farm lands was placed at $24,458,480. The values have nearly doubled since 1900, when they were at $12,658,084, an increase of 93.2 per cent.

A comparison of the figures of the production of the cereals in the county in the years 1870 and 1910 will show better than any words what progress has been made in agriculture.

Quoting of additional figures would add little to the value of the information. The above clearly proves that the farmers of Cass County have kept up with the improved conditions and the progress of the times.

Increased Home Comfort

The homes of the farmers have been greatly improved, and many indeed that within the memory of persons yet living, had but log cabins or other rude, comfortless houses, now have every modern convenience, including a water supply throughout the house, electric lights, and hot air or steam heat, and every detail the ingenuity of man has provided to make hone life enjoyable, in the way of material comforts.

About 1853 the matter of organizing agricultural societies and of holding county fairs was agitated throughout the state, and many such were organized. On January 2, 1856, the Cass County Agricultural Society was organized at the courthouse at Beardstown. At a subsequent meeting held at Virginia, on June 15 of the same year, a constitution for the society was reported by-a committee which had been previously appointed to draft and present the same, and was adopted. Nothing further was done that year, but in the following year it was thought best to incorporate a Fair Grounds Association, and an application was made to the Legislature, through Dr. Samuel Christy, who then represented Cass County in the lower house, and a charter was granted on February 17, 1857. The

Stevenson, Samuel H. Petefish, Jacob Ward, James M. Hill, David Epler, and Isaac M. Stribling. The name given the organization was The Cass County Fair Grounds Association. This association purchased of Robert Hall 10 acres of ground adjoining Virginia on the west, and leased it to the agricultural society which had been organized the previous year. Both societies were composed of nearly the same persons, and frequently the same men were elected officers of both organizations. The first officers of the agricultural society were: Francis Arenz, president; Ezra Dutch, treasurer; John W. Sweeny, secretary, and John W. Seamon, James Hickey, Milton Stribling, John Prunty and Ebenezer Fish, directors. This organization continued in existence and held annual fairs until about 1886, when it was discontinued. New officers were elected each year and exhibits of live stock and agricultural products were encouraged by the offer of liberal prizes. These fairs were a great source of entertainment, education and culture, and their effect was felt by the agricultural community, and aided materially in producing the excellent results in farming shown by the ¢omparative figures given above.

The Virginia Park Association

The Virginia Park Association had been organized and incorporated July 8, 1881, by R. W. Rabourn, George Conover and J. N. Gridley, who opened books for stock and a large number of persons interested in agriculture and stock raising subscribed. The last few county fairs were held under the auspices of this association which had bought the old fair grounds. The last one was held in 1889. Following that a few racing meets were held, but no agricultural fairs until 1891, when John McHenry and Charles Av. Martin concluded to attempt the holding of a fair themselves. The association offered generously to donate the use of its grounds, and these two gentlemen proceeded to select a suitable corps of assistants and held what was known as '"'The Big Fair," and it was, in fact, a big fair. The Farmers' Alliance was then still in existence, and it was thought advisable to interest that body. The best attractions were sought and many obtained. That year was about the beginning of the scheme of sending out "advertising cars' by some of the western land companies to advertise their land by exhibiting products of the soil, etc. One of these exhibits was secured from Texas, and the B. & O. 8. W. Railroad Company was induced to lay. a spur track into the grounds. The car made a very attractive and interesting exhibit. Another feature of the fair was addresses by prominent persons on the afternoon of each day. No county fair in the state ever gathered together on four successive afternoons so many prominent and able men of national repute as were gathered in Virginia the second week in August, 1891. There were: Goy. Joseph Fifer, of [llinois, who was then in the executive chair; ex-Governor Hubbard, of Texas, who had been ambassador to Japan under President Cleveland; ex-Governor and Senator Palmer of Illinois, and Senator Petfer, the Populist, of Kansas. It is needless to say that this array of prominent visitors attracted a large audience, which, together with all the other attractions and exhibits, made the fair very successful. The next year the same persons held a fair, however with less success, but without financial loss, but, feeling that the risk was too great, and because of the further fact that the World's Columbian Exposition was to be held at Chicago in 1893, and many people believing, with excellent reason, that there would be very little interest taken in local fairs, it was decided not to hold another fair. The apprehension of the interference of the World's Fair proved to be well founded, as county fairs all over the state suffered very materially thereby. Cass County has never since held an agricultural fair. At the March term of the Circuit Court of Cass County, in 1910, a bill was filed to dissolve the Park Association, upon which bill a decree was rendered during the January term of said court in 1911, and on February 11, 1911, a sale of the real estate of the association, the old Fair Grounds, was made to Marcellus C. Petefish, who built thereon a fine residence, and turned the beautiful park into a_ splendid suburban home.

gressional districts once a year. County organizations were formed, and Cass County, which has always been active in any movement to advance the interests of the farming industries or better its condition, formed an organization, and has been holding meetings annually for a vpumber of years. The purpose and original design of this organization was to encourage practical education among the farmers, and to assist in developing the agricultural resources of the state. To this end, at the meetings, such topics as cultivation of various crops, the care and breeding of domestic animals, dairying, horticulture, farm drainage, and improvement of highways, are discussed. and a lecture is usually delivered on some one or other of these subjects by some one _ scientifically and _ practically informed. The effect of the work of this organization has been materially felt, and the excellent results are seen in every locality of the county. Very much of the increased production and valuable improvement are traceable to the active participation in this movement by the energetic farmers of Cass County.

Education

PUBLIC SCHOOLS LEAD - THE ENABLING ACT - CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION OF 1S70 ON EDUCATION - A BEGINNING OF THE FREE SCHOOL SYSTEM - AGITATION FOR APPOINTMENT OF STATE SUPERINTENDENT - FREE SCHOOI. ACT PASSED IN 1855 - NONE BUT FREE SCHOOLS NOW IN CASS COUNTY - VIRGINIA SEMINARY OF PROVIDENCE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH - YVIRGINIA SEMINARY OF THE CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH - UNION COLLEGE OF THE CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH - REVIEW OF EARLY SCHOOLS - TEACHERS AND PUPILS RECALLED - MONROE PRECINCT EARLIEST IN THE FIEFLD - WALNUT GROVE OR PRINCETON - RICH MOND PRECINCT - PUNCH EON GROVE - HICKORY - BLUFF SPRINGS - OREGON - PANTHER CREEK OR CHANDLERVILLE - ARENZVILLE - ASHLAND - HISTORY OF BEARDSTOWN SCHOOLS BY HON. JOHN LISTMAN - ONE TEACHER RETAINED FOR ALMOST A HALF CENTURY - VIna

Public Schools Lead

The educational interests of Cass County Are represented almost exclusively by the public schools. With the exception of a few parochial schools, maintained by some of the church organizations, which do not in any way interfere with the attendance of their pupils on the public schools, the whole school system and institutions of learning are under the supervision of the oflicers created by the school laws establishing a free school system for the state of Illinois. The state was very slow in adopting the suggestion made in the ordinance of 1787, "for the government of the territory northwest of the River Ohio,' which appears in Article III of that ordinance and is as follows: "Religion, morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall be forever encouraged."

The Enabling Act

The act of Congress of April 18, 1818, to enable the people of Illinois to form a constitution and state government, commonly spoken of as "the enabling act,' emphasized the idea that schools should have governmental support by submitting for acceptance by the state, the proposition contained in an act of Congress passed May 17, establishing the rectangular system of land measure. that section number 16 in every township (and when such section has been sold or otherwise disposed of. other lands equivalent thereto, as contiguous as may be) shall be granted to the state, for the use of the inhabitants of such township for the use of schools. The constitutional convention for the new state of Illinois met at Kaskaskia, and on August 26, 1818, passed an ordinance accepting the enabling act, including the proposition concerning the reservation of section 16 of every township for the use of the schools. Notwithstanding this reminder before them, the delegates to that conrention omitted to mention the subject in the constitution. Not a word was said about schools in the entire instrument, and although there was, under the reservation, thousands of acres of yaluable land set aside as a source of revenue for this most laudable purpose, no safeguards were thrown about the control or management of this vast estate. There was no word of encouragement, much less any mandatory provisions conceruing the establishment of schools to reap the benefits of the wise and generous donation of the general government. Nor was the second constitution any better. It made no reference directly to the establishing of schools, but only incidentally mentioned the subject in section 3 of article 9, providing that certain property including necessary school property should be exempt from taxation, and again in section 5 of the same article, vesting corporate authorities, including school districts with power to "assess and collect taxes for corporate purposes."

It was not until the constitutional convention of 1870 that the citizens of the state appear to have deemed the subject of sufficient importance to entitle it to notice. That constitutional convention devoted an entire article of the new constitution to education.

"The General Assembly shall provide a thorough and efficient system of free schools whereby all children of this state may receive a good common school education." These words are few, but are broad and sweeping in their import. They have received a very liberal construction by the Supreme court of this state.

The second section provides for the faithful application of all school funds, donations of property, grants and gifts to the objects for which they were made. Had some provisions of a like character been incorporated in the first constitution, or even in the second, there would have been less devastation of the school property and especially of the school land reserved by the government. There would have been no selling of vast territories of the school lands at inadequate prices, and the money borrowed by the state to pay current expenses. The third section prohibited the making of any grant or appropriation of public funds for or in aid of any church or sectarian purpose. The last section provided for the election and qualification of a county superintendent of schools for each county. The publie schools are products of evolution in the educational line. It is true that after a certain period in the life of our state, and for that matter of all the western states, there appeared to be a new birth of educational thought and meth- ods of pedagogy, and indeed in everything pertaining to the teaching and training of the child mind, but, nevertheless when it is examined closely, it will be found to be an evolution of the early system of subscription schools.

Beginning Of Free School System

The first attempt to establish a free school system for the entire state was made by Hon. Joseph Duncan, in 1825, then state senator from Jackson County, who subsequently became a congressman, and later governor of the state of Illinois. The act was passed in January, 1825, and provided that two dollars out of every hundred received in the state treasury should be appropriated and distributed to those who paid taxes or subscriptions towards the support of schools. The aggregate revenues of the state at that time, however, were so small that the sum realized from the measure amounted to less than $1,000 per annum. While nothing definite came of this act, and it was repealed in 1829, yet it was in the right direction, and no doubt had its influence on later legislation. The appointment of a state superintendent of public instruction was agitated from about the time Cass County was created, 1837, and was urged by educational conventions and by the limited educational press, and even in the legislature, but there was no provision of law for it, and it was not until 1854 that an act was passed creating the office. The Hon. Ninian W. Edwards was appointed by Gov. Joel Matteson and held the office for two years.

The legislature of 1855 passed an act which was approved February 15, 1855, providing for a complete system of free schools for the entire state. The constitution of 1848 was then in force, but although it said nothing in encouragement of schools, free or otherwise, yet it did not Jimit the powers of the legislature in matters of school legislation, and hence it was slow methods of evolution that delayed the enactment of any measure helpful in a general sense towards building up an efficient school system. The constitution of 1870, as has been intimated, did not interfere with the prior school legislation, but made it mandatory upon the legislature to maintain what legislation we had, or enact better, in order that the state might have an efficient free school system. A great many amendments have been made to the school law of 1855, but the general system that law laid out yet prevails and under it Illinois has evolved as excellent a school system, and as practical educational institutions as are to be found in any of the states of the Union.

As was said in the beginning of this chapter, Cass County has the public free school system, only. It has no seminaries, universities or colleges. At one time there was a seminary, which was later changed in name at least to a college, but that is long since out of existence. In 1857 the legislature passed an act approved February 16 of that year, incorporating the "Virginia Seminary of Providence Presbyterian Church," with the following persons named as incorporators: James White, A. G. Angier, George Wilson, R. B. Conn, J. N. White, John Rodgers, H. R. Lewis, Samuel McClure, William Stephenson, A. Taylor, S. W. Neely, J. Van Eaton, and N. B. Beers. No seminary ever seems to have been built, bought or conducted by this corporation so far as can be learned.

By an act of legislature approved June 14, 1852, the "Virginia Seminary of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church" was incorporated. This corporation purchased a tract of land in the southwest corner of section 3, and a small tract adjoining in section 10, township 17, range 10. west, in Cass County, and by 1854 had built a good sized edifice to be used as a seminary. The school was opened and conducted until the spring of 1857, when for some reason which is unknown and cannot be learned, an application was made to the legislature for a change of name, and by an act of that body approved June 1, 1857, the name was. changed to the "Union College of the Cumberland Presbyterian Chureh," and by that name succeeded to all corporate rights and property of the formier corporation. It is not known who the first instructors were. I. H. Miller had charge in 1860, and Rey. McDowell from about 1863 to 1865. The college did not prosper, and the church dignitaries who had originally founded it became discouraged, the building was becoming greatly in need of repair, and it was thought best by the incorporators and the Presbytery to dispose of the property. Upon investigation, however, it was found no authority existed in the trustees to sell or dispose of their burden, and to relieve the situation, a new corporation was formed, and incorporated as an amendment to the two previous acts mentioned. The act was approved and in force March §, 1869. The original name