Fayette County, Illinois - Chapter 22: Fauna of the County, 1878 (part 1 of 2)

Chapter 22: Fauna of the County

B N presenting a list of the animals of the county that existed here prior to and after the advent of the white man, while the list may not be complete, it wil), however, be of interest to the student and scientist. Of the ruminating animals that were indigenous to this territory we had the American Elk, (Orvus i well-known American deer, (Cervus Virginianus) and the White-tailed Deer, (Cervus Leucurus.) The latter still affords amusement and sport for the huuter in the more timbered portions of the county; and at a period not very remote, the American Buffalo (Bos Americanus) must have round pas¬ tures near the alluvial and shaded banks of the Kaskaskia and plains and prairies of this portion of the State. The heads, horns and bones of the slain animals were still numerous in 1820. The Black Bear (Ursus Araericanus) were quite numerous even in the memory of the "older settlers/* Bears have been seen in the county within the last twenty years. The Gray Wolf (Canis Occidental Is) and Prairie Wolf, (Canis latrans) are not unfrequently found, as is also the Gray Fox, (Vulpes Virginian us,) which still exists by its superior cunning. The panther (Felis concolor) was occasionally met with in the ear¬ lier times, and still later and more common, the Wild Cat, (Lynxrufus.) The Weasel,one or more species; the Mink (Putorius Vison); American Otter,

< Lutra Canadensis); the Skunk, (Mephitis Mephitica); the Badger, (Taxidea Americana); the Raccoon, (Procyon Lotor); The Opossum, (Didelphys Virginiaua). The two latter species of animals are met with in every portion of the United States and the greater part of North America. The coon-skin among the early settlers was regarded as a legal tender. The Bear and Otter are probably now extioct in the county, and were valuable for their furs. Of the Squirrel family we have the Fox, Gray, Flying, Ground and Prairie Squirrel, (Scirus Ludovicanus, Carolinensis, Volucella, Striatus and Spermaphilus.) The Woodchuck, (Arctomys Monax) and the Beaver, (Castor Canadensis); the common Musk Rat, (Fiber Zibethicus.) The Bats, Shrews and Moles are common. Of the Muridte we have the introduced species of Rats and Mice, as also the native Meadow Mouse, and the Long¬ tailed Jumping Mouse, (Meriones Labradorus) frequently met with in the clearings. Of the Hares, the (Lupus 8ylvaticus) the so called Rabbit, is very plentiful. Several species of the native animals have perished, being unable to endure the presence of civilization, or finding the food congenial to their tastes appropriated by stronger races. Many of the pleasures, dan¬ gers and excitements of the chase are only known and enjoyed bv most of us of the present day through the talk and traditions of the past. The Buffalo and the Elk have passed the borders of the Mississippi to the westward, never more to return.

Of the Fish , the most common are the Cat, Bass and the Sun-fish. The Perch, Pike and Buffalo are also occasionally met with. The common Carp Chub are numerous; the Bass is a game fish, and affords fine sport.

Among the Game Birds most sought after are the Meleagris Gallopavo, (Wild Turkey) and CupidoniaCupido, (Prairie Hen) which afford excellent sport for the hunter, and are quite plentiful. The Gray Eagle is a'so found where it builds its rorie in the tall forest trees which skirt the banks of the Kaskaskia. (The writer of this article saw a splendid specimen of the Gray Eagle which was captured in the woods a few miles from Vandalia, a few months since .) Pinnated Grouse, (Bonasa Umbellus); Ruffled Grouse and Ortyx Virgininanus Quad, (Philohela Minor) ; Woodcock, (Gallinago Wilsonii); English Snipe, (Macrorharophus Griseus) ; Red-breasted Snipe, (Gambetta Melanoleuca) ; Telltale Snipe, (Gambetta Flavipes); Yellow-Legs, (Limoca Fedoa) ; Marbled God wit, (Suolofax Fedoa, Wilson) ; Numenius Longirastris, (Long-billed Curlew); Numenius Hudsonicus, (Short-billed Curlew); Rallus Virginianus, (Virginia Rail); Cygnus Americanus, (American Swan); Cygnus Buccinator, (Trumpeter Swan); Anser Hyperbo- ] reus, (Snow Goose); Bermicala Canadensis, (Canada Goose); Bermicala | Brenta (Brant); Anas Boschas (Mallard); Anas Obscura, (Black Duck); Dafila Acuta, (Pintail Duck); Nettion Carolinensis, (Green-winged Teel); Querquedela discors, (Blue-winged Teel); Spatula Clypeata, (Shoveler); Mareca Americana, (American Widgeon); Aix Sponsa, (Summer, or Wood Duck); Aythaya Americana (Red-head Duck); Aythaya Vallisneria, (Canvass-back Duck); BucephalaAlbeola (Butter Ball); Lopbodytes Cucculatus, (Hooded Merganser); (Pelecanus erytnrorhynchus), Rough-billed Pelican; (Colymbus torquatus), The Loon ; (Aegialitis vociferus), Killdeer Plover; Ball Head, fellow-legged and upland Plover; (Tantalus loculator), Wild Ibis, very rare-

We give the following classification of birds into three divisions, as found in the " Transactions of the Illinois State Horticultural Society " of 1876.

1st. Those of the greatest value to the fruit growers, in destroying nox¬ ious insects, and which should be encouraged and fostered in every way.

Blue Birds, Tit-mice or Chicadees, Warblers, (small summer birds with pleasant notes, seen in trees and gardens), Swallows, Vuroe (small birds call¬ ed green necks) All Birds known as woodpeckers except sap-suckers (Pic¬ us varius.) This bird is entirely injurious, as it is not insectivorous, but feeds on the inner bark, cambium (and the elaborated sap) of many species of trees, and may be known from other Woodpeckers, by its belly being yellow¬ ish, a large black patch on its breast, And the top of its head a dark bright red. The males have also a patch of the same on their throats and with the minor margins of the two central tail feathers white. This bird should not be mistaken for the two other most valuable birds which it nearly resembles, to wit: - The Hairy Woodpecker, (Picus villiosii et vara) ; and the Downy Woodpecker, (Picus pubescens et vars). These two species have the outer tail feathers white (or barred with black), and have only a small patch of red on the back of the head of the males. The Yellow-Hammer or Flecker, (Colaptus auratus) is somewhat colored with yellow, and should not be mistakeu for the sap-sucker. It is a much larger bird. The Red-headed Woodpecker, (Melanerpes erythrocephalus), sometimes pecks into apples and devours cherries, and should be placed in the next division, (2d). The Wren, Ground Robin, (known as Cherwick), Meadow Lark, all the fly-catchers, the King Bird or bee-catcher, Whip-poor-will, Night Hawk or Goat Sucker, Nut-hatcher, Pewee or Pewit All the B'ackbirds, Bobolinks, Finches, (Fringillidse, Quails, Song Sparrows, Scarlet Tanager, Black, White and Brown Creepers. Maryland Warblers, Indigo Birds, Chirping Sparrow, Black-throated Bunting, Thrushes, except those named in the next class, and all domestic fowls except geese

Which include those which have beneficial qualities, but which have also noxious or destructive qualities in the way of destroying fruits, and whose habits are not fully determined. (Thus the Robin, Brown Thrush and Cat Bird are very valuable as cut-worm eaters, but also very obnoxious to the small fruit growers. The Jay (Blue Jay) not ouly destructive to grain and fruits, but very noxious in the way of destroying the nest egg* and young of smaller and better birds, Robin, Brown Tnrush and Cat Bird, Shrike or Butcher Bird, Red-headed Woodpecker, Jay Bird or Blue Jay, Crow and the small Owls (screech owls), Pigeons and Mocking Bird.)

Sap-sucker, or Yellow-bellied Woodpecker, (see above), Baltimore Oriole, or Hanging Bird, Cedar Bird, or Wax-wings (Am pel is cedrorum), Hawks and the larger Owls.

|H1S township is bounded on the north by Sharon and Sefton town¬ ships, east by Otego, south by Kaskaskia and Seminary, west by Bear Grove; the Kaskaskia river traverses the township from north to south almost through the centre. Several creeks also meander through the township; the principal onea are Hickory and Camp Creek.

This township is crossed by the Ill. Central B. R from north to south and by the St. Louis V. & Terre Haute R. R. from east to west, furnishing excellent shipping facilities for farmers and business men.

City Of Vandalia

This town was surveyed aul laid out in July, 1819, by Wm. C. Greenup, Beal Greenup, and John McCullom, and was for about twenty years the seat of Government for the state. In the year 1820 the state capital re¬ moved here from Kaskaskia, and the village at once became a place of im¬ portance, and boasted a population of 2,000 people. In 1839 the capital was removed to Springfield, and Vandalia rapidly declined until its popula¬ tion numbered less than 500, at which figure it remained for many years. - However, on the building of the Ill. Central R. R. it began to grow in com¬ mercial and manufacturing importance, and bids fair to become an important and thriving city.

The location of the town is very beautiful r being upon rising ground surrounded by wooded hills. The court-house, formerly the state capital, is a fine structure of brick, 60x100 feet, and stands in the centre of a hand¬ some square. The Kaskaskia river flows along the east side of the town, and the main wagon road is spanned by a substantial iron bridge. The great National road from Washington has its western terminus here; the city now contains a population of upwards of 2,000, has several churches, an excellent graded school, three weekly newspapers and several well kept hotels, a number of manufacturing establishments, two banks and several fine stores. The town i9 adorned by a number of beautiful residences and substantial business houses.

Pioneer Stores

The first store was owned by Wm. Kinney and carried on by Col. Charles Prentice in 1819. Soon after, Frederick Holman and Ferdinand Ernst opened a store, and Robert K. McLaughlin began merchandising here in 1820, in a frame house, which is said to have been the first frame house built in the county. Other early merchants were Clement Fletcher and Col. Black.

Pioneer Taverns First Church Built

In Vandalia, was termed in those days, the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, managed and built by Wm. H. Brown, by subscription, about the year 1832. Hie building is now occupied and used by the Christian denomination.

Pioneer Mill Fir8T Preacher

C. C. Wagner was the first Mayor, George Leidig the second - served three terms, James Whiteman the third Mayor, and Wm. Soncemanu the present Mayor.

Vandalia Woolen Mill

Owned and operated by A. B. West, is a large brick building, four stories in height, situated on Fifth Street, an illustration of which is given in an¬ other part of this work. This mill is arranged for the manufacture of jeans, flannels, blankets, and stocking yarn, the latter being a specialty at the pre¬ sent time. The mill is run by steam-power, and employs from ten to twelve hands. The custom work amounts to 50,000 lbs., and for export 20,000 lbs. annually. This is the only mill of the kind in operation in the city. In connection with it is a flouring mill, with two run of burrs, used for the man¬ ufacture of flour and meal. The building was erected in 1866 and f 67, and active operations commenced therein in 1868. Previous to this time A B. West run a mill near the depot for seventeen years - a good market for the farmers to dispose of their wool.

Excelsior Plow Works . These works are situated on Fifth Street, where about 600 plows are manufactured annually. Attached is the machineshop, where all kinds of farming implements are repaired. Adjoining is the foundry owned by H. F. Jerrauld. Steam is the motive power, and from ten to twelve hands are constantly employed.

Vandalia Wagon Factory

C. Glosdie, owner, manufactures spring and farm wagons, situated south of the Depot on Sixth Street. Established about thirty years, formerly owned by M. Steinhaur.

George D. Steinhaur

Manufacturer of the Steinhaur wagon, builder of carriages, etc. Manufactory on Gallatin Street, towards the river. Establishecftm the present premises about one year.

Egyptian Chair Works

Incorporated 1876; authorized capital, 825,000. With manufacturing facilities $50,000 a year. Chairs of all descriptions are made. Col. Sturgiss, Manager.

Brewery Building

No longer in operation as a brewery, but being repaired by its owners, Humpler & Himmel, for distilling purposes. Will shortly be completed on Fourth Street.

Fruit Distillery

Situated on Third Street; proprietor, Chas. Humphrey. Peach, apple, and grape brandies manufactured; also apple cider. An excellent ciderpress on the premises, which took the first prize at the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia.

Fayette Mill

This is a brick building, situated on Fourth, about two blocks north of Court House Square, owned by Geo. G. Day. Has been in operation for nearly two years. This mill has two run of burrs, and is worked by steampower. Is a custom mill, grinding wheat and corn.

Johnson Flouring Mill

B. W. Henry & Bro., proprietors. This mill does an extensive trade; is purely a merchant mill with four run of burrs. It is situated near the D* pot of the Central R. R Steam-power.

Van Dali A High School

The following is a statement of the course of study, number of teachers and pupils, the different departments, the names of teachers and number of pupils in each department of the Vandalia Public Schools for the term ending December 21, 1877. Principal - J. D. Collins.*

First year; number of pupils, 40. English Grammar and Analytical Ajrithmetic, Algebra, Physiology, Zoology, Constitution of the United States.

Third year; number of pupils, 1. History, Ctcsar and Virgil, Book-keep¬ ing, Trigonometry, Botany, Astronomy, and Chemistry. Spelling is also taught in all the above classes.

Second Ward School, 44 A, 1 ' Grammar department, J. J. Brown, teacher; number of pupils, 35. Fourth Reader, Spelling, History of the United States, Descriptive Geography, Analytical Grammar, Algebra.

44 B," Grammar department, Hugh Carroll, teacher; number of pupils " C" grade, 29. Third Reader, Spelling, Writing, Intermediate Arithmetic, Elementary Geography, Primary Grammar. Number of pupils " B" grade, 24. Same studies as 44 C," excepting in Reader and Geography, this grade using Fourth Reader and Descriptive Geography. Total 44 B" and 44 C '* grades, 53.

Intermediate department, Eugene Conner, teacher; number of pupils " B *' grade, 27. Second Reader, Spelling, Arithmetic, Writing, Drawing. Num¬ ber of pupils A" grade, 25. Studies same as 44 B" grade, but farther ad¬ vancement required in these studies.

Primary departments, Miss Nellie McCord, teacher; number of pupils 44 A" grade, 57. First Reader, Second Reader, Spelling, Number, Writing, and Drawing.

Third Ward School. This school is divided into two departments, to wit, 44 A" and 44 B." Grammar and Primary, Ezra Jenkins, teacher; number of pupils 44 A" and "B" grades, 51. Same studies as in 44 A" and 44 B" Gram¬ mar departments, Second Ward.

These faithful brethren proceeded to work under their charter. The 1 Lodge has gradually increased up to the present date. During the working of the Lodge one hundred and eighty-two different individuals havo been members thereof. The Lodge now numbers sixty-nine M. Masons and one Fellow Craft. It has for its present principal officers, Francis B. Haller, W. M.; Charles W- Higinbotom, S. W., and E lwin M. Ashcroft, J. W.

G. F. Crocker, Secretary, and O. Hewett, Treasurer. Immediately after R. F. White was elected member by card; H. F. Jerauld, T. Platt Williams, F. 8. Crump, M. C. Conrony, Wm. Pearce, 8. E. Goodrich, Wm. Powell, J. H. Ross, John D. Fletcher, James Cooper, John F. Mitchell, John Cooper, Jacob Burnes, by initiation. The first appointed officers were Wm. Powell, i Warden; A. D. Stearns, Outside Guardian; H. F. Jerauld, Conductor; P. Platt Williams, Inside Guardian; F. S. Crump, Right Supporter, and John F. Mitchell, Left Supporter to N. S.; G. E. Goodrich, R. S. S., and John Cooper, L. S. S.; J. W. Ross, Right Sapporter to V. G., and Wm. Pierce, Left.

| have a lot in the South Hill Cemetery for burial of strangers; has now about forty active members, and its financial condition is flourishiug.

Vandalia Library Association

During the month of February, 1876, a subscription list was circulated among the citizens of Vandalia, and the amount of $818 was subscribed for the purpose of instituting and maintaining a Public Library in our city.

A meeting of the subscribers was held March 10th, and adopted articles of association, and authorized application to be made to the Secretary of State for certificate of organization. Afterwards the following officers were elected for the first year: D. Palmer, President: C. G. Smith, Vice- President ; T. N. Pitkin, Secretary; E. M. Ashcraft, Corresponding Secre¬ tary F. Remann, Treasurer, and D. M. Clark, C. R. Bassett, J. Lazarus, C. E. Clapp and R. T. Higgins, Directors; the whole constituting an Executive Committee, invested with sole care and management of the As¬ sociation.

The Association held another meeting April 3d, and adopted a constitu¬ tion under which to work, and left the adoption of by-laws and the further oontrol of the Association in the hands of the Executive Committee.

The Executive Committee held meetings from time to time, and adopted such rules and measures as would accomplish the ends of the organization.

Owing £o the scarcity of money, the Treasurer was unable to make prompt collections of subscriptions, and during the excitement of the Presidential campaign little could be done. During the months of August and Sepi tember, the library committee accomplished considerable towards engaging and fitting up a room for the use of the Association as a library and readingroom, and by order of the Executive Committee leased a room on the second floor of the Fehren Block, and during the months of September and Novem¬ ber made selections, and, from time to time, purchases of books, which were labelled, numbered and catalogued; and on Tuesday, December 12th, the

Library and Reading-room was opened for the uae of the public, under the rules and restrictions as adopted by the Executive Committee; and at the end of the first year of organization, the Association found itself in pos¬ session of a well situated, comfortable room, well provided with carpet, chairs, tables, stove, reading-rack and files, and two large book-cases, with a catalogue of books as follows: - History 58 vols; Biography 16 vols; Poetry 14; Travels 14; Fiction 236; Miscellany 18; total 339 vols. There has also been furnished by the Government, Surveys, Reports, Statutes, etc., 17 vols; also has been contributed 16 weekly papers and 3 daily papers.

There has been collected on the subscription list $755.15; amount still due, $68.50. There has been paid out by the treasurer for book-cases, readingracks, carpeting, chairs, stinds, etc, $152.30; for charter fee, printing ex¬ press labels, binding, expense, $70.65; for books and magazines, $410.97.

Since making the last report the library receipts have been sufficient to pay off our indebtedness. There is also a fund of about $50 00 in the hands of the Lecture Committee, to be used for their own purposes. The date of incorporation was March 15, 1876. The total number of volumes now will go over 500.

Off1Cek8 For 1877-78 Biogkaphical Sketches

Jacob Fouke, Jr. is the fourth child of Jacob and Catherine (McNall) Fouke, and was born December 25th, 1836, at Harper's Ferry, Virginia. His father was a Virginian, and was married in Washington City, in 1830. In 1840, he removed with his family to Bond County, where they remained but a short time; removing thence to Madison County, subsequently to Bellville, St. Clair County, and finally to Philadelphia, where some members of the family still reside. Young Fouke left home in 1850 in quest of a fortune. His first effort in that direction, was in railroading, which he followed but a short time. In 1852 he went to Greenville, where for a time he was employed in a store operated by Thomas W. Smith & Co. The winter of 1853 and '54 he spent at home, returning to Greenville in the spring of the latter year, when he commenced reading law, under instruction of Tevis Greathouse. In 1855 he was ad¬ mitted to practice. The same year he went to Shelby County and engaged in teaching school. Febuary 15th, 1856, he landed in Vandalia, which place he had selected for his future home. The year following he was elected Justice of the Peace, whioh office he continued holding until 1861, when he received the nomination by the Democracy, for County Judge. He was elected and filled the position four years, at the expiration of which he commenced the practice of his profession, in partnership with the Hon. B. W. Henry. In 1868 was the democratic candidate for the state senate, in the district composed of the counties of Fayette, Bond, Marion, Clinton, Perry and Washington, and was defeated. In 1870 he was elected a member of the legislature, applying himself assiduously to the twofold duties of ex¬ pounder and maker of the law. After his return from Springfield, he devoted his entire time to his practice, until 1877, when he was again nominated for County Judge, and was elected without opposition. On June 14th, 1859, Judge Fouke was married to Miss Mary C. Prentice, a true Christian lady, and the daughter of Col. Prentice, of Vandalia. She died March 18th, 1865, after a brief illness, at her residenoe in Vandalia. The career of Judge Fouke needs no commendation; it is only neoessary to peruse the foregoing facts, to arrive at an aocurate and commendable opinion of his character and ability.

Was a native of Rieden, a city of Hanover, Germany. He was bom April 10,1807. His parents emigrated to America, arriving at Vandalia in 1820. They were members of the " Ernst Colony." About two years after their arrival the father of Col. Remann died. His widow survived him many years. The early advantages of Mr. R. when a boy were extremely limited; but by his own indefatigable industry he succeeded in acquiring a good practical education, which served him in all the varied details of life. His was a busy life; active, energetic, and industrious, united with a sound imlgmeut. These traits of character are ever ihe sure precursor of success. On reaching the years of manhood, he had accumulated some real estate. 1 airing the Black-Hawk war, in the year 1832, he enlisted and served during the campaign. He was appointed Division Quartermaster, and commissioned with the rank of Colonel. He served with credit Being of very frugal habits, at the expiration of the war he found himself in the possession of about five hundred dollars in gold, which he invested in land, purchasing a farm, where the village of Hagerstown is now located. In 1833 he opened a grocery store in Vaudalia, which he carried on some five or six years. He moved to Hagerstown about the year 1843, where he resided until about 1855, when he returned to Vandalia, and engaged in general merchandising.

Col. Remann married Mbs Julia A., the daughter of the late Col. Wm. C Greenup, of Vandalia, who was a native of Kentucky; his wife of Connecti¬ cut. Col. Greenup was for many years a prominent man in the county and State. He was a gentleman noted for his generous and social qualities. The Colonel and family were among the earliest settlers at Kaskaakia, Ill., and came to Vaodalia on the removal of the State capital. By the rfbove union Mr. and Mrs. Remann had born to them seven children, five of whom died in infancy. Their daughter Julia died in 1863 when fourteen years of age. The only child of that marriage now surviving is the Hon. Fred. Remann.

The business of Col. Remann, during his long and eventful life, was varied in its character, yet marked by that rectitude and honesty which characterised his whole life. He was for many years a devout and consistent member of the Presbyterian Church. He was the friend of the poor and needy, and was charitable to those he believed to be deserving. He had, however, little sympathy for the sluggard or the drunkard, or those unwill¬ ing to do for themselves. In politics he was in early life a Whig, and an ardent admirer of Henry Clay, its illustrious champion. He was elected as the candidate of that party to a seat in the legislature of Illinois, filling the position with distinction and honor to himself. After the dissolution of the Whig party, he readily and heartily identified himself with the Republican party. Col. Remann was one of the sixty-six men in Fayette County who in 1856 cast their ballots for John C. Fremont He was always an active and prominent member of his party, and was frequently selected by his poli¬ tical friends as their standard-bearer.

During the late Rebellion he was a staunch and out-spoken Union man, and did everything in his power to aid the authorities in suppressing the rebellion. At that period in the history of his county it cost something to be a Union man; but he never lacked the moral or physical courage to stand up and defend the principles he loved so well; and in the time of her peril the country of his adoption had in him a staunch friend. He did much by his advice and sound judgment to allay the prejudice existing in Fayette County as to the measures employed by the general Government in putting down the rebellion.

His death occurred at his residence in Vandalia, after a brief illness, on the 19th of June, 1873; and the richest legacy he left to his family and friends was the record of a well-spent life, both public and private.

His only surviving child is Hon Frederick Remann, one of the leading merchants and business men of Vandalia. Mr. R. is also one of the Repre¬ sentatives of his district in the Legislature of Illinois.

He was married November 13th, 1873, to the accomplished Miss Julia Gordon, daughter of Rev. Joseph Gordon. One child has been born to them to bless their happy union - Frederick, Jr.

To the hardy and resolute Anglo-Saxon the United States owes its existence as a great and free nation. To them and their cousins german, the Teuton, it owes much of its prosperity and rapid ad¬ vance in material wealth and intellectual development. Matthias Fehren was a good representative of the latter class. He was born in Braiinlingen Baden, Germany, Feb. 9th, 1815. His father, a man of con¬ siderable enterprise and means, managed a large hotel, ran a grocery store, and operated a brewery. In 1832, Matthias Fehren left his home and fatherland, going to France, where he remained about a year, when he came to America, having neither money nor friends. But he had the qualities (hat soon make both for their possessor, viz., good habits, sterling integrity, and an indomitable will. He married, May 31st, 1842, Catharine Wall, in Terre Haute, Indiana. Soon after their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Fehren re¬ moved to Van Burensburg. Montgomery, Illinois, where their only children,

Julia A. and Jennie R., were born. Here Mr. Fehren, who had been raised a ('atholic, and his wife, who was a Lutheran, joined the Presbyterian church, the change in their religious convictions being brought about by home mis¬ sionary preaching. Mr. Fehren ever cherished the most grateful feelings towards, and lively interest in its work, and for a number of years prior to his death, gave several hundred dollars a year to further its usefulness, and 1 at his death bequeathed $1000 to the Home Missionary Board. In 1850 | he was counselled by the Rev. Joseph Gordon to take up his residence in | Vandalia, which he did, and, for nearly a quarter of a century, he was closely identified with the commercial and religious interests of the city. To his ! zeal and liberality, more than any other one man, the Presbyterian denomi¬ nation owes its present commodious and handsome church edifice and par¬ sonage. His life and career was one that was most profitable to himself, gratifying to his family, and beneficial to his friends and the community.

| Through his efforts the Farmers* and Merchants' National Bank of Vanda¬ lia was organized and started on a successful and paying basis. He erected one of the finest and most substantial business blocks in the city. In 1867, in company with his wife, he visited the land of his birth. Returning home, he again devoted himself assiduously to both public duties and private offices, until his death, which occurred April 15, 1874. His loss was sincerely de¬ plored, and is still deeply felt, by a community for which he had done so much.

| Can without the slightest departure from the truth, be called one of Fayette County's beet citizens, both in regard to his moral character, busi- I ' ness qualifications, and public spirit. He was born in Cass County, this I State, June 9th, 1842 His parents, Martin F. and Mary A. (Edmon- | stone) Higgins, were natives of Maryland and came to Illinois about 1840,

; settling in Cass County, where Mr. Higgins was engaged in farming. His wife died in 1847. He survived her a number of years, and died in 1854. Up | to the time of his father's death Richard was employed on the farm and attended the common schools in the neighborhood. After his father's death j he assisted a brother-in-law in his farming operations, attending school when- ( ever the opportunity occurred. In February, 1857, he came to Vandalia, (making his home with his brother-in-law, Dr. F. B. Haller,) where he I attended school until the fall of 1858, when he went to Pennsylvania, where I he took a full academic course in Tuscarora Academy, remaining there | two years and a half. On his return to Vandalia he began the study of I medicine under Dr. Haller. In the autumn of 1861 he went to Chicago, taking a full course of lectures at the Chicago Medical College, at the cou- elusion of which he again returned to Vandalia. Anxious to serve his country, he applied for the position of Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., but being an under-graduate could not be so appointed. Nothing daunted by the disappointment, he immediately applied for the position of hospital steward, determined to win the desired position by application and merit, which he successfully accomplished. While stationed at Nashville he attended lectures at the Nashville University, where he graduated in 1864, in which year he resigned and returned to his home in Vandalia, and en¬ tered into partnership with his brother-in-law, Dr. Haller, which as¬ sociation continued until 1870. In 1866, however, wishing to acquire more light in his profession, he attended Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, where he graduated in the class of '66 and '67. After the dissolution he went to Chicago and remained until the spring of 1871. January 31st of that year he married Miss Jennie R. Fehren, daughter of Matthias and Catherine Fehren. By that union they have had two children, Clifford Fehren and Julia, aged respectively five and three years. Owing to the accumulation of business interests, Dr. Higgins has been compelled in a measure to abandon the practice of his pro¬ fession. In 1875 he was elected President of the Farmers' and Mer¬ chants' National Bank of Vandalia. His life has been one of marked success, and though he has but crossed the threshold of manhood, he is in the enjoyment of everything that men strive for through a long and labo¬ rious life, and even then too often fail in reaching the desired goal.

Judge David Gregory

Among the number of prominent and influential men of Fayette County, and southern Illinois, none were more widely and favorably known than the subject of this history.

Judge Gregory was born in the State of New York, Jan. 12th, 1809. His parents were in good circumstances, and gave their children good opportu¬ nities for acquiring an education. His mother was a woman of refinement and oulture, and her son's character bore the impress of her early training and example. In 1888, young Gregory emigrated to this state, and located at 8helbyville, where he continued to reside until 1846, when he was appointed Reoeiver of the Government Land Office, then located in Vandalia, where he removed to, and ever after resided.

He continued in the office until 1849, when he received the nomination from the Democratic party, for oounty judge. He was elected, and filled the position for two years, and was one of the most active and efficient officers ever elected to that responsible position. In 1852, at the expiration of his term of office, he was re-appointed Receiver, and served until the office was removed to Springfield. In 1856, he was elected a member of the legisla¬ ture. He was an able lawyer, but owing to his business, which by a life of thrift and economy, was rapidly accumulating, he was compelled to aban¬ don the practice of his profession, and devnto his time, almost exclusively, to the management of his estate. October 29th, 1837, he married Miss Julia A. Martin, by which union they had five children, Antoinette, who died in 1872, Josephine, Mary, vho died in infancy. Julia and * Sarah. The survivors are still residing in Vandalia. Mrs. Gregory was a native of Todd County, Kentucky, but came to Illinois with her parents when a child. She died April 24t!i, 1852. It was during this long period from the deaih of his wife, until his own, which occurred September 14tb, 1876, that some of the best traits of his character developed themselves. His ardent attachment to his orphan children and his duty to theip manifested itself in many ways. Their every comfort, wish and request was gratified. Their home was made the scene of social and friendly gatherings, to which their father's hospitable and kindly manner lent most of the enjoyment. Judge Gregory was a man of pecular temperament, cool, precise and calculating, but underneath a seeming cold exterior, was a great warm heart, whose every pulsation beat re¬ sponsive to the necessities and trials of his friends. Of rather a silent and reticent disposition, his friendships were not easily formed, bat when once made, nothing short of a man's utter unworthiness, could alter or interrupt its harmony.

Cool in his deliberations, sound in his judgments, earefril and economical in all his habits, he succeeded by his own unaided exertions in accumulating a large estate. His death occasioned deep and sincere regret in the community.

Resolutions of condolence and sympathy, were adopted by the members of the Fayette County Bar, aud ordered to be spread upon the records of both the oounty and circuit courts. The following is an epitome of his character and lift, as written by one for years intimately known to him.

" In all the relations of private life and in official position, he was always a true man, a faithful friend, a good neighbor and an upright citizen."

N. W. Holland

Late of Shobonier, but now of Vandalia, h a native of Kentucky, where he was born April 4th, 1828, and is the third child of Jeremiah and Ann (Shemwell) Holland. His fathei, who was a native of Virginia, emi¬ grated at an early day to Kentucky, where he engaged in forming, and where he was married. HU wife was a native of North Carolina. Their son, N. W., was raUed on his father's farm, and had no educational advan¬ tages whatever. He had, however, the necessary grit to get knowledge, and succeeded in getting a fair practical education.

He married, December 4th, 1845, Miss Agnes E. Wimpey, who was bom in Logan Cmnty, Kentucky. They have had eight children. Five are now living and three dead. From eldest to youngest in the following; order: Nancy E., wife of J. T. Shelton; Rovesta M., now Mrs. Robert Wicker; Permelia E , married J. P. Smith; Maluva P.,now Mrs. Lemuel Nichols. Susan E., Lillie B., George T., and Franklin, the younger and unmarried children, are still living with their father. Mrs. Holland died February 26th, 1876, after a long and severe illness. She was a most excellent woman, and a member of the Methodist Episoopal Church for thirty years. After his marriage Mr. Holland turned his attention to forming, occasionally engaging in other kinds of business. Upon the breaking out of the rebellion he was appointed enrolling officer in his native State, which so incensed the Southern element against him that he wss subject to all kinds of annoyanoes, and finally compelled to seek protection and safety within the Union lines. On one occasion his dwelling was surrounded by a guerrilla band, ef considerable numbers, who threatened to bum the house if Mr. Holland did not oome forth. During the parley he managed to escape. He is one of the Union men of the South who suffered for daring to maintain their principles. After the destruction of his home he determined to leave a State where liberty of conscience and speech were denied Mm. In the foil of 1864, he located in Illinois, and enlisted in the spring of 1865 in the Union army; a step he would have taken sooner, had it not been that his family were not secure until their removal to this State.

After his return home he engaged in farming, which he followed about two yean, when he engaged in business in Shobonier, and finally at Vandalia. He is one of the good citizens of the county.

During the late war no state in the Union showed more unswerving fidel- I ity to the Old Flag and the free institutions sheltered under its capacious < folds than did grand old Illinois. Her soldien were among the fint in the j fray, and always proved themselves equal to any emergency, and her cap- j tains and generals have won enduring fame for bravery and proficiency in their (to many of them) newly acquired profession Col. Rob't Henry Stur- I gess, of Vandalia, is prominently identified with the latter. j

He was born January 23d, 1831, in Wabash County, Illinois, and was the second child of Rob't and Jane (Braden) Sturgess, who were both natives of Indiaua. A short time before his son's birth Mr. Sturgess was killed by an accident. Almost from infancy Col. Sturgess was thrown upon his own resources. During his childhood he worked in a mill, and was deprived by stern necessity from enjoying any educational advantages. He acquired con¬ siderable practical information mainly by his own exertions and application. When eighteen years old he began to learn the trade of carpenter and builder, at which he worked until 1859. In that year he commenced the publication of the Fayette Observer. In 1861 he abandoned his new profession, and pro¬ ceeded to raise a company of troops for the Union army. He was elected lieutenant, and the company mustered in April 25th, 1861, in Col. R. J. Oglesby's regiment, - the 8th Illinois. They were sent to Cairo, where they remained until the battle of Fort Htnry, in which the company participated, of which Lieutenant Sturgess had besn elected captain. At Fort Donald¬ son his company lost thirty-four and the regiment two hundred and fitly-six men killed and disabled At Shiloh, one of the most bloody of the war, Capt. Sturgess was third in rank, and, owing to the death of the senior offi¬ cer and the wounding of the next in command, took charge of h s regiment. Immediately after the battle he was promoted Major. He was subsequently made Lieutenant Colonel, and was in command of the regiment during the campaign of Vicksburg. They participated in the battle of Thompson's Hill, Champion Hills and Raymond, which Col. Sturgess received the credit of having won. After the siege of Vicksburg, during which the regiment | was constantly engaged, Col- Sturgess resigned, owing to his accumulated du¬ ties and .his failing health, and returned to Fayette County, where he has since received marks of distinction at the hands of the administration. In 1853 he married Mary F., daughter of Col. F. B. Hickman. She died of consumption in 1855. He subsequently married the youngest daughter of Col. Hickman. By that union they have had nine children, all now living. j

Hon. Beverly W. Henry

One of the prominent lawyers of Central Ill. and Fayette County; - was born in Shelby County, Ill., May 28th, 1835, and is the youngest of five children of Bushrod W. and Elizabeth (Hudson) Henry, who were both natives of Culpepper Co., Va. They emigrated to Illinois in 1830, and located in Shelby County, where three of their children were born. Mr. i Henry and family settled on Government land. His advantages in early j life were very meager; his wife, who was an educated woman, taught him the rudiments of an education. He taught school for a short time in Shelby County. Mrs. Henry is deceased; he is still living a hale old gentleman in his seventy-fifth year, residing in Shelbyville. j

Beverly W. Henry spent his childhood and youth on his father's farm j near Shelbyville. Though the condition of the country was formative, yet i through the enterprise of his father and some others, a good common school | was established, in the neighborhood, which he attended. He remained on I the farm until his 20th year, when the elder Henry changed his business ! and engaged in merchandising, in Sullivan, Moultrie County; here Mr. Henry devoted his time for three years, principally in acquiring an educa¬ tion, the last year himself teaching in the academy, and also becoming more proficient by privately studying under the supervision of the principal.

In 1856 he began reading law with Hon. John R. Eden; this in connection with teaching school, occupied his time until 1857, when ha was admitted to practioe, after which he attended the law Behoof of Cumberland University at Lebanon, Tennessee, where he graduated iu the spring of 1858. He re¬ turned to Sullivan and commenced practice, remained there only until Dec. 1858. In January 1859 he located in Vandalia. (His entire pecu¬ niary capital at that time was only seven dollars,) and that borrowed. He had sufficient capital however of a better sort, and the possession of which brings the former: that is, industry, ability, and application. In 1861 he enlisted in the 35th Ill. as adjutant, and shortly after was promoted to the captaincy of a company. He was in the campaign with Gen. Fremont through Missouri, and afterwards at the siege of Corinth; he resigned and returned home in August, 1862. On the 28th of August, 1862, he married Sarah M. Johnson, daughter of Duncan Johnson, one of the old settlers of the state, where he emigrated from Virginia. By that union they had four children, the two eldest dying in childhood, Carrie Bell and Waverly, aged respectively eight and four years. In politics Mr. Henry is a Democrat, and has several times been called upon to fill public positions. In 1863 he was elected superintendent of public instruction, and in 1869 elected a member of the constitutional convention, which framed the present con¬ stitution of the state. He represented the district composed of Fayette and Effingham counties. In March 1870 on account of ill health he was compelled to resign. He then took a trip on horseback through the Indian nation to Texas. In the autumn of the same year he returned home, invigorated and resumed his practice, ia which he is now actively engaged. He is also interested in other enterprises. Is a director in the Farmers' & Merchants' Bank, a position which he has filled since its organization. He is also proprietor of the Johnson Mills, which are now operated by his brother, J. O. Henry. The life of Mr. Henry has been one of busy activity, and his success as a lawyer may be in a large degree attributed to the avoidance of politics, and a strict attention to the varied business of his profession, his opinion being that a young man to be success¬ ful in a professional capacity must ignore politics, that " Ignus Fatuus " that leads many brilliant and deserving men into the quagmire of mediocrity.

One of the leading lawyers of Central Illinois, was .bom in Centre County, Pennsylvania, January 22,1837, and is the second child of the late Rudolph Van Dorston and Elizabeth his wife. Mrs. Van Dorston's maiden name was Packer. Rudolph Van Dorston was a native of Pennsyl¬ vania, and from German ancestry. His wife's parents were Quakers of English origin, whose ancestors were among the emigrants brought over by William Penn.

Rudolph Van Dorston moved with his family to Kendall County, Illinois, where he engaged in farming, and became one of the leading agriculturalists in the county. He died in February, 1873. His widow still resides on the old homestead, hale and hearty, at the age of sixty-three.

The subject of our sketch received his rudimentary education in common sebo ofe i afterwards attended and graduated from the Bock River Beminary at Mt Morris, in the spring of 1858. Immediately after became a student of law in the law office of Helme & Crothers, and was admitted to practice in the fall of '59.

On the breaking out of the rebellion he enlisted in the Fourth Illinois Cavalry, commanded by Col. T. Lyle Dickey, now one of the Judges of the Supreme Court. He was Orderly Sergeant for a time, and afterward Adju¬ tant of the 1st Battalion, with the rank of Lieutenant.

The principal battles in which he participated were Fort Henry and Fort Donaldson. Here Adjutant Van Dorston had command of the picket* guards of what was known as tbe right wing of the army. He took part in several other minor engagements, principally in Western Tennessee, and was honorably discharged in the summer of 1863.

In November, 1863, he opened a law office in partnership with George R. Fitch, an able lawyer. Since his advent in the county, Judge Van Dorston has acquired a prominent position among the leading lawyers of Central Illinois. He has been engaged in a number of cases which have shed lustre on the bar of tbe State.

In tbe fall of 1868, he was elected State Senator. The district then com¬ prised Perry. Washington, Clinton, Bond, Marion, and Fayette counties. He then resigned the judgeship, and took his seat in the Senate. Judge Van Dorston's influence was soon felt. He was a persistent worker, and his speeches were recognized as sound, forcible, and logical arguments. While in the Senate he was a member of the Judiciary Committee, and did much toward the formation of the present statutes pertaining to the administration of estates. Was also Chairman of the C >mmittee on Revenue.

The Judge was appointed in June, 1874, United States District Attorney for Southern Illinois. His most noted case was the prosecution of the cele¬ brated Driggs' counterfeit case, in which many of the ablest lawyers of Springfield were his opponents. He resigned February, 1876, returning to his old practice in Vandalia.

In politics he has always been a Republican, whose influence is large in the ranks of his party in Illinois, and we bespeak for him a bright prospect in the future. His genial and courteous manners have won for him a host of friends wherever he is known.

Tevis And Lucien Greathouse

Among the prominent men of Southern Illinois both of the above were well and favorably known. Their father, John S. Greathouse, was at one time in the early history of the State, prosecuting attorney, and was the friend and associate of Judge Douglass, General Shields, and other promi¬ nent and gifted men, of which Illinois has reason to be proud. Tevis Greathouse was born in Shelbyville, Shelby County, Kentucky, where he enjoyed some early advantages. When seventeen years of age he came to Illinois, where he shortly after h ; s arrival enlisted in Capt. Lawlens' Company of Volunteers, at Shawneetown, and with them went to Mexico, where he faithfully served his country two years. He was in the battles of Chepultepec, Risaca de la Palma, and a number of minor ones, and was pro¬ moted for bravery and gallant conduct. At the conclusion of peace he returned to his adopted Stale, and engaged in the study of the law, a profes¬ sion in which he afterwards attained distinction. After his admission to the bar he located at Greenville, in Bond County, and established himself in practice. A few years subsequently he married Miss Julia Prentice, a most accomplished lady, and second daughter of Col. Charles Prentioe.

After their marriage Mr. Greathouse removed to Vandalia, where he remained until his death. He was a man of good endowments of mind and heart, possessed of a remarkable memory, and a facility for mastering the details and the technicalities of his profession.

Lucien, like his brother, was a man of rare attainments, and died just as a bright and most promising career was opening before him. During the civil war he won the distinction by his bravery of having no less a man than his illustrious chief, General Wm. T. Sherman, pronounce " his example worth a thousand men."

Miss Adele Douglass Greathouse is the only survivor of the name, with the exception of three half-brothers. There are also living two sisters in Greenville, Bond County, of whom one is Mrs. Wm. Smith; the other Mrs. S. A. Blanchard.

Among the public men of Fayette County Judge Ross has long stood in the front rank. He was born June 12th, 1817, in Kentucky, and is the eldest child of Thomas B. and Sarah (Brown) Ross, who were natives of Georgia and Kentucky respectively. They came to Illinois in 1829 and located in Coles County.

Mrs. Ross died in 1839; her husband still survives her, and though 82 years of age is still in the enjoyment of good health. Judge Ross' early life was passed much the same as most country boys of that time, working upon the farm, and occasionally going to school. In 1836 he came to Fayette County and engaged in the building trade, soon after in clerking. In June 1838 he married Miss Martha J. Phillips. They bad six children, only one, Robert W. Ross, the preseut circuit clerk of Fayette County, of whom is now living. In 1857 he was admitted to the bar and formed a partnership with Judge Gallagher. He was afterwards associated with Hon. B. W. Henry, in the practice of the law. Since 1856 Judge Ross has been an influential member of the Democratic Party; prior to that time he had been a Whig. He has filled numerous public positions. The first that of Poet Master of Mulberry Grove, and afterwards of Vandalia. He was Justice of the Peace for twenty years, and has twice been elected County Judge.

In 1834 Judge Ro3s united with the Methodist E. Church, of which his wife was a full member. Mrs. Ross' father, Moses C. Phillips, was one of the founders of the first church erected in Vandalia. Judge Ross is a most estimable man and citizen, whose life reflects credit to himself and honor to his family.

H. S. Humphrey

A prominent journalist and Republican, was boru in New York, Jauuary, 1828. His parents, Lucius and Lydia (Chidsey) Humphrey, were natives of Connecticut, and were married in New York, where Mr. Humphrey still resides. His wife died in October, 1839.

When seventeen years old he went to learn the art of printing. At the expiration of three years, having become proficient in his trade, he came West, stopping only a short time at various point?. Iu the spring of 1850 he located at Napersville, Du Page County, and became assistant editor of a temperance paper, and subsequent' r Mi tor and publisher of the Du Payt

County Observer. In 1852 he sold out, and went to Kendall County, and published the Kendal! County Recorder , which he continued until 1856. Owing to change in the political tone of the paper, Mr. Humphrey with¬ drew. The citizens of the county immediately organized the Kendall County Free Press , a Republican journal, and solicited Mr. Humphrey to take full charge of its interests. He accepted, and continued in its management until 1864, when he came to Vandalia, and started the Vandalia Union , a Repub¬ lican paper, of which be still retains the editorial control. He is also engaged ih mercantile business, and was appointed by President Grant post-master of Vandalia. May 20th, 1851, he married Miss Helen I. Fox, of Michigan, then residing at Napersville. They have had two children. Julia C. Seward, the eldest, died, December, 1863; Fred C., now engaged with his father in the drug business in Vandalia.

Col. Ferris Forman

Few men living in this state have been more actively engaged in public affairs than Col. Ferris Forman. He was born August 25th, 1811, in Tioga County, New York. His father, Miles Forman, was a soldier in the revolutionary war. His mother's name was Anna Platt, both of English ex¬ traction.

The Col. graduated in 1832, at Union College, Schenectady. Studied law in Owego, Tioga County, N. Y. Admitted to practice in that state, in 1835, and in the Supreme Court of the United States in 1836. He came west in 1836, and settled in Vandalia, where he began the practice of his profession.

On the breaking out of the Mexican war he raised a company of volun¬ teers, proceeded to Alton - the place of rendezvous - was elected Col. of the 3d regiment, thence to Mexico. He participated in a number of engage¬ ments ; was discharged at New Orleans.

He returned to Vandalia and resumed the practice of law, until the gold fever of 1849 broke out, when he went to California, where he practiced un¬ til 1853, when he was appointed Post Master of Sacramento City by Presi¬ dent Pierce. This position he held for the term of four years. Subsequently he held the offi6e of Secretary of State under the administration of John B. Weller, Governor of California. In 1860-61, he was elected by the Legislature of California, Boundary Commissioner, on the part of the State, to 6x the boundary line between California and the then Territory of Utah. In conjunction with a commissioner on the part of the United States be pro¬ ceeded in the month of April from Los Angeles, across the Colorado direct to Fort Mojavo, near the initial point of the 35° parallel of latitude. Upon his arrival there he found the civil war had commenced. He remained about two months, established the initial point by observation; returned to Lake Bigler, Cal., (now Lake Tahoe) established another astronomical station to fix the initial point where the boundary assumed a direct northerly course to the Oregon boundary line. Soon after the Governor tendered Col. Forman the position of Colonel of the 4th infantry, California volunteers, which he accepted.

In the winter of ?66, he returned to Vandalia, Ill., where he has ever since resided. During the Constitutional Convention of 1870, he was elected to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Hon. B. W. Henry. He is now State Attorney for Fayette County.

The Colonel was married in 1844, to Miss Lucinda Booth, a native of North Carolina, by whom he has two children - son and daughter, both of whom are married. In politics Col. Forman is a Democrat, well known among the politicians of southern Illinois.

Hon. Charles G. Smith

The proportion of successful merchants has been estimated as to five iu one hundred; in some of the professions less; in journalism least of all. And the last is seemingly the easiest, and the one that a majority of collegebred young men turn their attention to.

Successful men in this direction are so rare, that it is safe to assume that they are men of more than ordinary ability. Charles G. Smith, editor and proprietor of the Fayette Democrat , has succeeded in this profession. He was bom in Montgomery County, Ohio, March 3d, 1829, and was the eldest child of Wm. Lewis and Margaret (McD Ewing) Smith. He attended the public schools, and occasionally a select one, until his sixteenth year, when he went to Dart County and taught one winter. Shortly after he appren¬ ticed himself to the publisher of the Dayton Transcript , where he remained two years, devoting his leisure time to reading law. He then went to Cin¬ cinnati and perfected himself in his trade, and left for New Orleans, where he worked in the Picayune, Delta , and other offices in New Orleans and elsewhere. * At Louisville he was employed on the Louisville Journal , and afterwards took charge of the Daily and Weekly Times , of which he was news editor. He married, while there, Miss Mary S. Bunch, daughter of James and Salena Bunch. They have had four children, Alfred F., Emma E., Charles H., and Anna Gordon, who died August 10th, 1864.

From this time until the breaking out of the war he was engaged in publishing in various places in the State. In 1862, owing to the stoppage of all business in Kentucky, he removed to Illinois and located in Vandalia. In 1863, he was requested to take charge of the Democrat , which is in poli¬ tics what its name implies, and is the official organ of that party in the county. He was a member of the legislature and has filled a number of minor positions, and is at present Master in Chancery. He is a man that has succeeded because he deserved to succeed.

Was born in Virginia, October 25th, 1779. His early years were spent much the same as most boys of the period. Few had the means to get an education. Schools there were few or none. And it was only by persever¬ ance and intense application, and almost wholly without tuition that they managed to acquire the rudiments of an education. Before attaining his majority Col. McLaughlin went to Kentucky, remaining but a short time.

He came to Illinois and located at Belleville and engaged in the practice of his profession, the law, and moved to Vandalia just before it was made the Capital of the State. He soon became identified with the interests of his adopted state, of which he was elected first State Treasurer, in 1819. It is related of him that while serving in that capacity nothing could induce him to temporarily use the funds of the state lying idle in his hands. He was also Register of the General Land Office from 1837 to 1845. He was extremely social in his disposition, and his house was the centre, around which gathered the beauty and fashion of those early days. He married in 1815 Miss Isabella Bond, daughter of N. Bond, one of the prominent men of his time. She was the niece of Hon. Shadrach Bond, the first Governor of the state. She was bom in Fredericksburgh, Maryland, Sept. 9th, 1792. and came with her father to St. Clair County, when a child; she was a woman of remarkable vigor and force of character, and much of her husband's success, was owing to her perception and advice. While taking a | lively interest in the affairs of the day in which her husband and relatives j bore such a conspicuous part, she also cultivated those feminine graces that , made her one of the most popular and beloved women at the Capital. I

Col. McLaughlin died May 29th, 1862. His wife died June 5th, 1868. Their bodies repose in the Cemetery at Vandalia, but their memories are still living and will continue to live, so long as genius and goodness are esteemed desirable attributes.

Ferdinand Ernest

There will always attach an interest to the history of the pioneer families of the West, which ton never properly belong to others who came at a later date, as they have laid the foundation of our social and material status; and coming generations can only modify and develop that which was by their energy and perseverance at first established. By their strong arms the forests were felled, the tangled undergrowth cleared away, the stubborn glebe broken, and primitive cabin, school-house and church erected.

Ferdinand Ernest, whose name is prominent among the pioneers of Fayette County, was a native of Hanover, Germany. In the year 1818 he made a visit to America and came to Fayette County, where he remained for a time prospecting. Being highly gratified with the opportunities for agricul¬ tural pursuits and advantages for other business, he determined to make it his future borne.

He collected samples of the cereals and grasses, and returned to Germany, where he published a pamphlet giving the superior advantages offered to the emigrants. Soon after he fitted out a colony of about thirty families, and sailed for America. He paid all expenses of the oniony. There were me¬ chanics of almost every trade in the colony. Shoemaker*! tailors and all he supplied with a full stock of goods ready for business upon reaching their new homes. In crossing the ocean one child fell overboaid ancl was lost, otherwise the whole colony arrived safely in Vandalip, December, 1820.

After reaching Vandalia Mr. Ernest purchased Several tracts of land, and set many of them to farming, and also completed his hotel, the erection of which he had ordered before he left America. It was located on the east side of the public square, north of the National Bank.

So munificent was he in his gifts to the colony that his fortune was about all absorbed in their interests. He established the first store in this place, and was for a time president of the board of trustees of Vandalia.

Mr. Ernest was a wealthy, cultured, refined and honorable gentleman, and did more toward the advancement of Fayette County in its early time than any other man.

Mr. Ernest and wife had three children, viz.: Herman C. and Rudolph F., and Augusta, who became the wife of Dr. Robert Peebles, who figured quite conspicuously in the early history of the county. The doctor owned and operated the first steam saw and grist mill in the county. This was about the year 1828. He died in 1833. His widow subsequently married Judge Wilcox, who is now residing in Kankakee, Illinois.

In 1839 Rudolph F. Ernest was appointed a cadet to West Point, and graduated in the regular course, with the rank of lieutenant. He spent a number of years in Florida, fighting the Indians. On the breaking out of the Mexican war he was sent to Virginia, as a recruiting officer.

His eldest son, Herman C., was bom Jan. 1, 1815. He was educated in the schools of Vandalia. When at the age of twelve yean he partly lost his hearing, and at twenty, became entirely deaf.

In early life he went to Cincinnati, and learned the trade of operating steam-engines. After returning home he followed this business fbr some time. About the age of twenty-five, he began the study of surveying, under the instruction of Wm. C. Greenup. He was married to Clara, the youngest daughter of Mr. Greenup, in June, 1849. By this union they had six children, five of whom are living. He followed surveying the balance of his life. In politics he was a Republican. Died April 5,1874. His widow is yet living.

Their eldest son, Rudolph F., recently graduated in Medicine, and the youngest, Ferdinand, is now engaged in merchandising, in partnership with A. H. Dieckman, of Vandalia.

Emanuel Ireland

Was bora in Knox County, Ohio, June 17th, 1827. His father, Noble Ire¬ land, came to this country with his parents when a child. His mother, Catherine (Vian) Ireland, was bora in Pennsylvania and was of German ex- traction. Noble Ireland like most of his race had a strong affection for the land of his choice, and upon the breaking out of the war of 1812, immediate¬ ly enlisted to fight the hereditary enemy of his people.

Some time after the dose of the war he located in Ohio and engaged in farming. His son Emanuel's childhood and ybuth were spent in his native county. As soon as he was able he went to work, but seldom having any time to devote to schooling, when the slightest opportunity presented itself he availed himself of it, and managed to get a practical knowledge of business. In 1849, his parents came to Illinois and located in A vena Town¬ ship, in this county, and subsequently to Loudon Township, where his father resumed his occupation. Mr. Ireland remained in Ohio for a short time after his parents' departure working as a farm hand. In 1850, he concluded to pay a visit to his parents in their new home. Soon after his arrival an open¬ ing presented itself, which he concluded to avail himself of for a time at least, and accordingly commenced teaming and trading between St Louis and Vandalia. He engaged in a number of enterprises, and in the autumn of 1850, in partnership with a' man named Holbrook commenced a general merchandising business. The partnership lasted but a short time, when Mr. .Ireland succeeded to the business. April 7th, 1851, he married Miss Martha A. Buckensto, of Ohio. They had seven children in the following order of their births, Gertrude, who married Joseph St. Pierre, now living in the county - Noble died in his 18th year - Harriet, now Mrs. Achilles Smith, - Theodore died in infancy, - Frances, William and Howard.

Mr. Ireland has been successful in all his undertakings, and has accumula¬ ted considerable property. He owns several of the finest farms in the neighbor¬ hood of Vandalia. He is only indebted to his own industry and ability for his present oondition of ease and plenty. In politics he is a Democrat, and has frequently been the candidate of that party for public positions. He was Treasurer of the County for six years, and at the expiration of his term settled his accounts most satisfactorily. He is a good citizen and honest man, and one interested in the prosperity and development of bis county.

Another name worthy of mention in this work, is that of the late A. P. H. Doyle. He was born in Logan County, Ky., Sept. 1st, 1808. His father, John Doyle ,was a planter in the above named county, where he died about the year 1870. The Doyle family is of Irish extraction. The subject of this sketch received his education in the schools of his native county.

Being desirous of living in the west, he came to Fayette County, and settled in what is now Bowling Green Township. He was a noted hunter, and spent much of his time in the sports of the chase. After entering a piece of land he returned in 1881 to Kentucky and married Miss Lydia Miller; re¬ turning with his young bride, he resumed farming and trading. The fruits of this union were twelve children, five of whom are yet living. One daughter resides in Saginaw City, Mich., and the remaining children live in Fayette County. Mr. Doyle was in early life a Whig, and after the dissolu¬ tion of that party he did not affiliate with either party. He was one of the first constables of the county, and served several terms as sheriff. As an officer he discharged his duties with integrity and satisfaction. His honesty, generous and hospitable nature won him many friends, and in passing down to posterity those honest, hardy pioneera of Illinois, we feel a just pride in placing in their rank the name of A. P. H. Doyle.

He was a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church for twenty-five years before his death. He donated the land and contributed largely to the building of a church near the old homestead.

The eldest son, Henry Clay Doyle, is married and engaged in farming near Vandalia, and has been constable for about nine years. He is a member of the republican party.

Thomas Edwin Greenfield Ransom, (deceased,) was bom at Nor¬ wich, Madison County, Vermont, on the 29th of November, 1884. His father, Col. Trueman B. Ransom, was bora in Woodstock, Vermont, in 1803, and was for some time President of the Norwich University, in that State. The military element of the school formed the character for which the subjeot of this sketch was so celebrated. During the Mexican war, young Ransom was taught engineering under the tuition of his cousin, B. F. Marsh, on the Rutland and Burlington Railroad. Returning to the military school after his father's death and remaining there until the spring of 1851, he then came to La Salle County, in this State, to continue the practice of the engi¬ neering profession. Three years later he was engaged.in the real estate business with his uncle under the firm name of Gilson, Ransom <k Co., and in 1854, he removed to Chicago, and subsequently to Fayette County, Illinois. Here he acted as agent for the I. C. R. R. Company. Upon the breaking out of the war he raised a company in the county, which was organised into the Eleventh Illinois Regiment, with Ransom as Major.

On the 80th of July, 1861, the regiment was mustered out of the three months' service and a large majority of the regiment went into the three years* service. On the re-organization Major Ransom was elected Lieu¬ tenant-Colonel. The command and discipline of the regiment almost en¬ tirely devolved upon the young Lieutenant.

On the 22d of August, 1861, he led his men against a large force of the enemy under Major Hunter, oonoentrated at Charlestown, Missouri. The regiment made a gallant fight, capturing some prisoners and fifty horses. Col. Ransom was shot in the shoulder by a mounted rebel who pretended to surrender, for which treachery Col. R. fired upon the traitor and killed him. At Fort Donelson his horse was killed under him, himself wounded severely in the tihoulddr, and his clothes pierced with no less than six or eight bullets. He, however, kept gallantly with his men and refused to leave the field till the fight was ended. For his bravery he was promoted to the Colonelcy of his regiment

At Shiloh he was the bravest of the brave, and although severely wounded in the head led his men through the thickest of the fight. After this terrible engagement not one hundred men were left of the Eleventh, but rallying the few that remained and forming them on the left of the Seventieth Ohio Regiment, he again led them to the charge.

In the spring of 1863 he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General for distinguished services in the field at Shiloh and the siege of Corinth.

General Ransom was four times wounded. At Charlestown, Missouri, August 19th, 1861; at Fort Donelson, February 15th, 1862; at Shiloh, April 6th, 1862, and at Pleasant Hill, Louisiana, April 8, 1864. His wound at the latter place was very severe, and he returned to Chicago for rest.

He had been in continual active service almost from the outbreak of the war without any relaxation, but even before recovery feeling his presence was needed in Georgia, he again removed to the front Sickness subse¬ quently brought him so low that he was again compelled to seek bis home, which he reached after intense suffering, arriving home, six miles west of Rome, in this State, and a few days afterwards died. His body was carried to Chicago where it was interred with impressive ceremonies. He had not reached the age of thirty when he died. Was handsome, brave, enthusiastic and manly, courageous as a lion and tender as a woman, respected by all who knew him, and the idol of his men.

Joseph Gordon

The subjeot of this sketch was born on the 14th day of February, A. D. 1802, in the County of Monaghan, Ireland. He is the only son of Robert and Agnes Gordon, both now deceased. He received such an education as the best common schools of that county afforded, and the pecuniary condi¬ tion of his parents would allow. All the knowledge acquired by him was by perseverance and self-culture. He did not have the aid of High Schools or colleges, but carried his own way through the difficulties of life.

His father left him at the age of seventeen years, to take charge of a family consisting of his mother and four sisters, whilst he came to this country to secure for them a home, where they could freely and without molestation, enjoy the blessings of civil and religious liberty, and be free from the heavy burdens imposed on them by the mother country.

Robert Gordon, the father of Joseph, came to Illinois with David Gillespie and others, and settled permanently in the Town of Edwardsville, in Madison County. Having secured a home for his family, he sent word to his son in Ireland, to sell out the property belonging to them and come directly to Edwardsville.

The family sailed from Warren's Point, in the spring of 1821, and landed at Quebec, Canada after a voyage of six weeks. From Quebec the party proceeded'to Montreal, and from thence up the St. Lawrence and across the lakes to Erie, Pennsylvania, and from there to Pittsburg on the Ohio River.

On account of low water the party *as detained at Pittsburg, until the spring' of 1822. They started from Pittsburg on the 17th day of March of that year, and landed at St. Louis on the 13th day of April, 1822.

How great have been the changes in this country since 1821. This party were a year making the trip from Ireland to their place of destination, which can now be accomplished within three weeks. Young Joseph had a rich and varied experience in taking charge of a family consisting of a mother and three sisters, (one sister having married during the time).

The family landed at Edwardsville, their place of destination, on the next day after arriving at St. Louis. The subject of this sketch was married to Miss Letitia W. Robinson, daughter of David Robinson, on the 13th day of September, 1827. The writer had the pleasure of attending the golden wedding of these parties on the 13th day of September, 1877, and had the opportunity of wishing this worthy couple a long and happy life, and that in the providence of God, it might be possible for them to celebra e their diamond wedding. This couple have had born to them eleven children, four of whom are now living. Three are now residing in Vandalia, and the other at Lebanon, St. Clair County, Illinois.

In 1842, he was licensed and ordained as a Pastor in the Cumberland i Presbyterian Church, and did good service whilst in that organization, as j many can testify who were acquainted with him at that time.

In the spring of 1847, he united with the Alton Presbytery, and entered on the work of Home Missions, under the direction of the Missionary Com¬ mittees of the Presbytery and A. H. M. Society, and has labored as a mis¬ sionary in Southern Illinois to the present time.

During this time he has organized eight Presbyterian Churches, one Reli¬ gious Society, and ten Sabbath Schools. He taught the first Sabbath School in Liberty Prairie, Madison County, and the third one in that oounty.

He was engaged for months in lecturing on Temperance during the Wash¬ ingtonian movement, travelling over the northern part of Iowa and a large portion of the State of Illinois. In this work be was called the Irish Pony, and whilst thus engaged in this glorious work, 7000 persons signed the pledge, the result of his efforts.

He has resided with his family in Vandalia since the fall of 1848, and the citizens of that place can bear witness to the probity of his character whilst he has so long resided among them. He lias devoted considerable of his attention to Masonry, being a zealous and highly respected member of that i association, and among the many presents received at the time of the cele¬ bration of his golden wedding, none struck the writer as being more appro- j priate, than the one from his lodge, showing the high appreciation they bad and the esteem they felt for their old and tried brother.

Is the third son of Jacob Ritter, Sr. and Rebecca Augustine Ritter. His mother was the first white child born in Tuscarawas Township, Starr County, Ohio. His father, who was an old and highly respected citizen of Fayette Connty, was born in Adams County, Pennsylvania, where the family is an old and most respectable one, their forefathers locating there about 1080. Until 1865, Mr. Ritter worked upon his father's farm, going to school at times. He sucoeeded in getting considerable practical information.

He married, December 26th, 1865, Miss Angie E. Summers, daughter of David Summers. They have had five children, the following four living, Miles E., Clemment B, Edith and Clifford. In politics Mr. Ritter has always been a strong Republican, and during the war was outspoken in his union sentiments.

He is still comparatively a young man, and should be live to a ripe old age, his family and the community, will have reason to be thankful, as they will undoubtedly* be benefited by it.

William W. Watkins

Proprietor of the Dieckman House, of Vandalia, Illinois, was born April 2d, 1830, at Leesville, Carroll County, Ohio. His parents, John and Ann (Gamble) Watkins, were natives of Ohio, and removed from there to Christian County, Illinois, in 1855. His mother died in October, 1875. His father still survives her, and is now a resident of Kansas. Mr. Watkins' youth was spent in his native state, where he learned a trade.

After he came to Illinois, he engaged in mercantile pursuits, and remained thus engaged for a period of seven years. He was then engaged in various kinds of business until 1877, when he came to Vandalia and assumed the proprietorship of the Dieckman House, which is now the best conducted and most comfortable hotel in southern Illinois.

He married Oct. 16tb, 1851, Miss Elizabeth A. Price, who was also a na¬ tive of Leesville, Ohio, where she was bom April 26th, 1828. They were married in New Philadelphia, Tuscarawas County, Ohio. They have had I one child, Earnest C., bora January 11th, 1853, and now engaged in business | with his father.

Mr. Watkins* life has been one of busy activity, and his present Imsinfss is I one for which be is eminently well qualified. His thorough knowledge of served as surgeon under Napoleon Bonaparte for fourteen years. His mother's maiden name was Catherine Weber. She was bora and raised in Philadelphia. His father died in 1825, and his mother a year later, leaving a family of eight children. When fourteen years old he apprenticed himself to a carriage builder to learn the trade. He remained at it about thirteen months, when in consequence of his employer's disappearance, he had to look elsewhere for employment. He remained with a brother working on a farm until his seventeenth year, when he commenced work at the tomb-stone trade at which he remained until twenty, when he came to Illinois.

July 8th, 1841, he married Miss Mary C., daughter of John and EUenor Hines Hall. They had five children, F. M. Eckard, now a merchant in Vandalia, Chas O., John C., Emma C. who married Wm. Sonnemann, Esq., and M. W.

Mr. Eckard was a man of untiring energy and perseverance. Left an orphan at an early age, he immediately set about making his own way in the world. He availed himself of the first chance, and when unexpectedly thrown out of employment, he quite as readily sought and found something else. His character was without a blemish, and he was laid to his last rest sini cerely mourued by family and friends. He died March 6th, 1855.

V and alia was fortunate in having a number of energetic, thrifty and excellent business men make her their home; and to them she owes most of her present prosperity and substantial appearance. Ebenezer Capps was essentially a mercantile man. His successes were only measured with the duration of his health. He was bom in London, England, May 27th, 1798, and came to this country in 1818, engaging in business in Cincinnati, and afterwards at 8t. Louis and Springfield. In 1820 he visited Vandalia, and in 1880, accompanied by his mother, three brothers and two sisters, perma¬ nently located there. He possessed no ready means, but was ready, apt, and with an innate knowledge of the principles governing the laws of trade, he very soon entered upon a career of prosperity, and at his death left a large and well-established business. He married March 1st, 18 - , Miss Ann Norwood. Of their children, Charles E. and Thomas are still conducting the business founded by their father's prudence and foresight. Sarah mar¬ ried H. F. Jerauld, a prominent manufacturer of Vandalia; Hannah, relict of C. W. Jenks, and residing in Vandalia; Mary A. married W. G. Wil¬ liams, present circuit clerk of Jasper County. Mr. Capps was a man of great industry and energy. He was engaged in trade in Quincy, and was for a time treasurer of the Bluff Road. After the death of his wife, which oc¬ curred September 26th, 1855, he made several trips to Europe. For a number of yean before his death he was seriously affected with paralysis, frem the effects of which he died after endaring intense suffering, February 7th, 1877.

His honesty and veracity were proverbial, and during the darkest days of his adopted country's peril he remained her steadfast supporter and advo¬ cate. memory will long remain green among people who honor virtuous and patriotic actions.

Among the successful practitionen of medicine in Fayette County Dr. Knowles has rapidly advanced to the front rank. He was bom in Fillmore, Montgomery County, Illinois, June 27th, 1850, and is the eldest child of Wm. L. and Sarah (Alexander) Knowles. His father came to Illinois when he was fourteen years old, and here he was married and has ever since continued to reside. He is now living on the old homestead in Montgomery County. His wife died February 7th, 1858. The childhood and youth of Dr. Knowles were spent on his father's farm. During this time he was permitted to enjoy all the advantages afforded by the district schools. When eighteen years old he attended the Hillsboro Academy, remaining four years, taking a thorough academic course, at the conclusion of which he deter¬ mined upon the study of medicine, and immediately proceeded to Cincinnati where he entered the Eclectic Medical Institute, and graduated May 12th, 1874, the youngest student in his class. June 20th, 1874, he located in Vandalia, where he has already an extensive practice, numbering among his patients some of the most prominent and substantial families in the county, and is spoken of by them in terms of the highest commendation, both in regard to bis method of treatment and his deportment as a gentleman of education and refinement. His success can only be measured by the duration of his life, as he is in full sympathy with his profession, and practices it from the love and interest he bears it He is examining surgeon of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, of which society he is a member. In politics he is a Republican, and an earnest well-wisher for its success and the prosperity of his State and country. From the nature of his business he is unable to take an active part in its work and counsels. He is energetic and thoroughly alive to the responsibility of his calling, and possesses all the attributes necessary to success and honorable distinction.

Robert W. Ross

Was born in Fayette County, on the 31st of December, 1844, and is the third child of Joshua W. and Martha (Phillips) Ross. His parents are both natives of Kentucky, and came to this State nearly half a century since. His father, Joshua W. Ross, has been one of the prominent men of this sec¬ tion of the State for many years, as may be seen by referring to his history in another part of this work. The family is of Scotch and Welsh extraction.

Robert's youth was passed in Vandalia, where he enjoyed all the advanta¬ ges afforded by the common schools of that city. In 1862, feeling the neces¬ sity of a more extended and thorough education he matriculated in Tuscarora Academy, Juniata County, Pennsylvania, where he made creditable progress. On his return from college he was appointed Deputy County Clerk of Fay¬ ette County, which position he filled five years. At the expiration of that time he engaged in the drug business, in which he continued two yean, when he was appointed Deputy Circuit Clerk under Wm. Haukins, and where he remained four yean and a half. In 1872, he received the Democratic nom¬ ination for Circuit Clerk, but by reason of the disaffection of the incumbent, ' who had been beaten in the convention, (Mr. Ross having received the nom¬ ination on the fint ballot), he was defeated by only eleven votes, good evi¬ dence of his popularity, and the estimation of the public as to his qualifica¬ tions. After the election, Mr. Ross, always active, engaged in the real estate and loan business. In 1875, he was elected Clerk of the 29th General As¬ sembly of the Illinois Legislature, a position requiring promptness and activity, and one which he filled creditably and acceptably, and was, (to use the words of one of the representatives) one of the most energetic and pains-taking officers in the public service. At the expiration of his term of office he re¬ turned to Vandalia and resumed his real estate business. In 1876, he again received from his party the nomination for County Clerk, and was elected bv a good majority.

In politics he has always been a Democrat, and during the late war was a strong union man. And while entertaining the liveliest sympathy and regret for the course pursued by his friends of the South, he felt it incumbent upon him to maintain his principles with the aid of the musket. He enlisted in the 143d Regiment Ill. volunteers, and was engaged in active service at Memphis, and afterwards at Helena, Arkansas, when he was honorably dis¬ charged.

Present Mayor of Vandalia, was born April 12,1841, and is the second of a family of eight children (four of whom are deceased) of the late C. A. Sonnemann and Elisabeth Schmidt, his wife. C. A. Sonnemann was a native of Gross-Reiden, Germany; born February 2,1813, and was educated in his native town. He was married in the autumn of 1838 to Elizabeth Schmidt. She was born on the 11th of March, 1812. Soon after his marriage, Mr. S. and wife emigrated to America, arriving at Vandalia in the spring of 1839. His trade was that of a cabinet-maker, which he carried on for many years. About a year after the I. C. R. R. was built, he engaged in the lumber business. In his business enterprises he was successful. He was a stock¬ holder in the First National Bank, and he and Mr. Fehren established the Fanners' and Merchants' Bank, of which he was elected Vice-president, and was subsequently elected President, which position he filled one year. He died at his residence, April 3d, 1875, leaving a handsome estate. He was a member of the Lutheran Church, and a prominent Mason. In politios he was a Republican, and was one of the sixty-eight men of Fayette County who voted for Fremont in 1856. During the late war he was a staunch Union man. His son Frederick enlisted in the 146th Regiment, Ill. Vol.; was stationed at Helena, Arkansas, where he contracted a disease from which he died, at Matoon, III., the very day he was to have been mustered out, in September, 1864. The widow of C. A. S. is still living, residing at her resi¬ dence in Vandalia.

William S., the subject of our sketch, was educated in the schools of Van¬ dalia. On the 28th December, 1871, he was married to Miss Emma C., the daughter of William and Mary C. Echard, of Fayette Co. Two children were the fruits of that union, one of whom is deceased, Christian A., a lad of four years, yet living. When William grew to manhood he became a partner with his father in the lumber business. The elder Sonnemann retired from the firm Jan. 1st, 1875, and his sou Charles became a partner, sinoe which time the business has been conducted by the brothers. Mr. 8. is a director in the Farmers' and Merchants' Bank. In politics a Republican. On the first of May, 1876, he was elected mayor of Vandalia, and re-elected in May, 1877.

Was born October 13th, 1826, in Lewistown, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania. His parents, Samuel and Mary Haller, were both natives of the same State. When about ten years of age, the parents of Dr. Haller removed to Mont¬ gomery County, in this State, and there he received his preparatory and aoademio training at the Hillsboro Academy, afterwards Lewistown Aca¬ demy, Pennsylvania. He was of a studious nature, though of an active and nervous temperament, and possessed a mind sufficiently well balanced, to prevent his running into exoesies of any kind. That is improving his mind at the expense of his physical well-being, or 44 vice versa "

It was his father's wish and desire that he should study medicine, and in deference to that wish, he did so. The selection of this profession reflects great credit upon the judgment of the elder Haller, and also upon the thorough knowledge of his son's capabilities. It is also creditable to Dr. Haller, knowing the field in which his lift-work was to be performed, that he assiduously devoted himself not only to the mere acquiring of a thorough knowledge of a science, that with the single exception of theology, is the noblest that engages the attention of man, but he has made it of practical utility and profit. He studied one year with Dr. A. S. Haskell, then of Hillsboro, and subsequently of Alton, one of the most suooessfril practi¬ tioners in Western Illinois, and a thoroughly refined and cultivated gentle¬ man. He afterwards attended lectures at Rush Medical College, Chicago, in 1848-9,1849-50, under instruction of Prof. Wm. B. Herrick. The following winter of1850 and 1851, he attended lectures at Missouri University Medical Department, where he graduated in March of 1851. He immediately began the practice of his profession in Vandalia, where he has ever since con¬ tinued, with but a short intermission, to reside.

Dr. Haller married, on the 22d of May, 1856, Miss Sue R. Higgins, daughter of Martin F. and Mary A. (Edmonstone) Higgins, and sister of Dr. Richard T. Higgins, at present President of the Farmers' and Mer¬ chants' National Bank. The family of Dr. Haller consists of two daugh¬ ters: Mary, who in the year 1876 graduated in the classical department of the Illinois Female College at Jacksonville, this State, and is now taking a oourse in the "Art" department of Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York; and Maude, a young Miss, still at home with her parents. In the winter of 1864-5, Dr. Haller accompanied by hia family, paid a visit to Philadel¬ phia, where he availed himself of the opportunity and took a full course of study in Jefferson Medical College, graduating in the spring of 1865. He is a member of the County, District, and State Medical Societies, and in 1866 was President of the latter; he is also a member of the American Medi* cal Association. In religious faith Dr. Haller is a Methodist, of which denomination he is considered a consistent and active member. In politics he was originally a Whig, but immediately upon the organization of the Republican party, he transferred his allegiance to it, and has ever since been an ardent supporter of its policy. He has at various times been medi¬ cal examiner and pension surgeon for the State and United States. He is trustee of the Illinois Industrial University, and a director in the Vandalia National Bank and Vice-President.

One of the characteristic traits of Dr. Haller is his untiring perseverance, and probably one of the best evidences of it is the fact of his having been for years elected as Master of Lodge No. 16, A. F. & A. M., and such has been his devotion to its interests and in its work, in elevating and strength¬ ening the bond of brotherly love, that it is said that during the long period of his service he has scarcely ever failed to attend a meeting, and this, too, when his business has been of such a nature that he had but little spare time. We might multiply instances of the good attributes of the Doctor, and only refrain because to the citizens of Fayette County they are well known, and of his aversion to anything of the kind. He is at present en¬ joying with his family the fruits of an energetic, useful and Christian life, in a community where by such a life be has won the confidence and respect of every one.

Dieckmann Brothers

To the German people this country owes much for its rapid development and the success of its institutions. They have ever been active and earnest in their support of the latter, and the evidence of their thrift, industry and economy is to be seen in every part of the land. Prominent among the many distinguished citizens of this olass are August H. and George Henry Dieck¬ mann. They were born May 14th, 1820, and January 10th, 1826, re¬ spectively, at Brtiggen, Kingdom of Hanover, Germany. Their father, Conrad Henry Dieckmann, was born in Hefierhausen, Hanover, Novem¬ ber 17th, 1789, and their mother, Elizabeth Catherine Schminke, on the 28th of March, 1788, in Hessen Cassel, where they were married October,

1813. October, 1839, with their young family, they prepared to emigrate to the United States, and after a voyage of seventy-two days, landed in New Orleans; leaving immediately for St. Louis, where they arrived on Christ¬ mas day.

February, 1840, they moved to Vandalia. The year before their arrival the seat of government had been moved to Springfield, and Vandalia in con¬ sequence had, or seemed to have, few inducements to hold out to settlers, particularly those without means or friends, which was the condition of the Dieckmann family on its arrival. But here they determined to locate, and here, with the characteristic energy of their race, they proceeded to lay the foundation of their present fortunes.

For a time they were unable to obtain employment; but believing poverty no disgrace, and labor honorable, they persevered, and succeeded in obtain¬ ing work, at very low wages. They continued for a number of years work¬ ing at anything that promised to be honorable and remunerative. In 1850 August H., who had by the strictest economy and self-denial accumulated some money, determined to engage in mercantile pursuits, and started in business, about twelve miles east of Vandalia. George H. enlisted as a volunteer in the spring of 1847, during the war with Mexico, in which he remained until peace was declared. In 1849 he commenced farming, which he followed several years. In 1853 he disposed of all his fanning interests, and with the means thus realized he followed his brother August's example, and commenced merchandising, lotting in Vandalia. From this period the history of Fayette County and of Vandalia is inseparably con¬ nected with their names.