Logan County, Illinois - Chapter 15: Statistical, 1886 (part 1 of 3)

Chapter 15: Statistical

For purposes of comparison we here give the valuation and taxation of Logan County at three dates ten years apart, and afterward give the population of the county by each federal census, beginning with 1860.

Assessed Valuation In 1885

urers' tools and machinery, $5,116; agricultural tools and machinery, $61,710; gold and silver plate and plated ware, $613; diamonds and jewelry, $165; moneys of bank, banker, or broker, $25,676; credits of same, $2,844; moneys of others, $65,994; credits of others, $59,888; bonds and stocks, $1,168; properties of other companies or corporations, $2,857; property of saloons and eating houses, $520 ; household and ofBce furniture, $96,731; investments in real estate and improvements thereon, $1,275; grain of all kinds, $63,938; all other property not otherwise listed, $29,- 543; total value of personal property, $1,327,149.

Taxation Foe 1884 Population

Immigration into Logan County was largest in the decades 1840-'50 and 1850-'60. In the latter year the population was 14,272. In 1870 the census showed 23,053, and since then there has been little increase, on account of a large exodus to Dakota and other "Western regions. In 1880 the population was 25,037; in 1885 it was probably 27,000.

Chapter Kvi City Op Lincoln

This city of 6,000 inhabitants, which was named in honor of Abraham Lincoln when he was a popular attorney of Springfield, and which has now been for a third of a century the seat of Logan County, owes its existence to no chance, but to private enterprise and good judgment. The manner of itb founding, as told by one of the principals concerned, is as follows:

Colonel R. B. Latham, then sheriff of the county, was engaged to procure the right of way througli Logan County for the Chicago & Alton Railroad, and was promised by the chief engineer, Mr. Lee, the location of a station. A depot was already fixed upon at Elkhart, and as the company then made the stations about ten miles apart, section 31 of town 20, range 2 west, or near Postville, would be another point. Another important matter decided the location here. The people decided a more central seat of justice than Mt. Pulaski, and also wanted it on the railroad. Postville, the first county seat petitioned for its location, and while the question was being agitated, the Chicago & Alton Railroad was surveyed. As Postville was almost a mile from this road, that fact was against it in the matter. Colbey Knapp was in the Legislature the winter of 1852-3, and presented the bill giving the people the right to vote for the removal. The present site of Lincoln was then owned by a Mr. Loose, living near Greencastle, Pennsylvania, who, with his brother, had entered it about the year 1836 or 1837. No sooner had he assented to its sale than Colonel Latham started immediately for Pennsylvania, to obtain the deed, not wishing to wait its transmission by mail. He purchased the land on behalf of himself, John D. Gillett, and Yirgil. Hickox, and telegraphed at once to the latter to have inserted in the act the quarter-section purchased as the future county seat, instead of Post\rille. This was done; and the act passed, being approved February 14, 1853. In the spring the survey of the new town began. Conawaj' Pence, then county surveyor, laid out the town, the proprietors making the streets parallel with the railroad, instead of following the cardinal points. The entire plat was not completed until some time in the summer. Work was being done at this time on the railroad, and by August construction trains were running from Springfield to this point. Here the company had a large wood-shed and water-tank. In one end of the shed they made a depot. The stage company had their stables here, and passengers coming on the construction trains to this point would be taken b}' stage to Bloomington, there to connect with the Illinois Central Railroad, then just completed. As the Chicago & Alton Road was built, a station was made about every ten miles, when the stage companies would remove their stables to that point and carry passengers therefrom.

The sale of lots in Lincoln was advertised to take place August 29, and that morning a construction train was run from Springfield, bringing many buyers, among them Mr. Lincoln, who remarked during the sale, as he walked around inspecting the lots, that they were cheap and desirable, but he was unable to buy. Quite a number of people were here from various parts of the county, especially those desirous of purchasing lots for a future home. Ninety lots were sold, varying in price from .$40 to $150. The most valuable were those fronting on the railroad, or on Chicago street. The total proceeds were about $6,000, a handsome advance on the purchase price of the land, that being $S per acre, or $1,280. All this had occurred before the vote was taken by the people for the removal of the county seat from Mt. Pulaski. Tet so confident were the proprietors of the new town that the change would be made and their location selected, that they caused all this to be done, guaranteeing to each purchaser the location of the seat of justice or a forfeiture of the sale.

In a short time building began. John Allison erected the first house on the plat - a dwelling, east of the railroad, on Chicago street. A grocery was built by Samuel Long. This was the first business house in Lincoln. As Postville was near, the carpenters who did not live there boarded at the hotel built there in 1836 or '37. Just south of Long's grocery E. Boren and Jesse Forbes erected the second store and began business in December. This store was burned on December 8, 1871, eighteen years after building. Michael Hinrichsen purchased a dwelling built by I. N. Buck, the first station agent. In January, 1854, Colonel Latham, then living at Mt. Pulaski, began the erection of the old Lincoln House, afterward known as the Eagle Hotel. He hired two men to do the work, and as soon as the building season opened, broke ground for its construction. Colonel R. B. Latham has done more for the city of Lincoln, and througli it for the county, than any other. He has erected several fine business liouses in the city, and has always been the foremost in advancing its interests. There is not a church, or school, or any beneficent object therein that has not received pecuniary aid from him, as well as personal endeavors on his part for their advancement. The hotel occupied the site of the present Lincoln House. It was constructed of wood, was two stories in height, and was opened to the public January 1, 1855. The proprietor then was D. M. Jackson, who, in 1857, purchased it of the Town Site Company, and, after keeping it a few years, sold it to a Mr. Holderman. He, being unable to pay for it, gave it up, and it came again into the Town Site Company's possession. In 1868 they sold it to Henry Palmer, who changed the name to the Eagle Hotel, and kept it until it was destroyed by fire, on the 19th of April, 1870. During Mr. Holderman's time a third story was added, and during Mr. Palmer's time a brick addition built to it. Among the merchants locating from 1853 to 1857 may be mentioned B. & F. M. Hinrichsen, Edgar & Johnson, Kahn Brothers, Howser & Metcalf, John W. Logan, Gr. F. Stillraan, Howser & Higgins, Kelso & Boren and T. Blackburn. The first hall in town was built by George Musick, in 1855, and occupied the present site of Dustin'sbank. It remained there until 1873, when it was removed to make room for the erection of the bank. During its time it was used for religious services, public meetings, by secret societies, for dances, or for almost any gathering. Until 1856 every house, except the depot, was built of wood. The court-house was completed early in that year. These were of brick, and were the first buildings in town built of this material. The first brick business house was built about the middle of the Lincoln House block, fronting Chicago street. Across the street, south, quite a nu.-nber of frame buildings were built by Roach & Hansby, across the street, west from Long's grocery. Before this it was a very common sight to see piles of sacks of grain waiting shipment. As there was no place to store grain, the farmers would pile it along the railroad, cover it with canvas or boards, and leave it until a car could be obtained. About the same time this elevator was erected, William M. Dustin built an elevator. Here he and B. H. Brainard opened the first bank in Lincoln.

In addition to the hall built by George Musick in 1855, one was erected in 1857 by Logan, Cox & Co., for the use of the Masonic fraternity. The Odd Fellows' Hall was built by William Eoach this same year. By the year 1857, quite a number of houses had been erected, both as business houses and dwellings, and by the year 1862 over 2,000 people lived in town, and the trade was assuming vast proportions. The Methodists had built a church in 1857 (now the Presbyterian church), and other denominations were preparing to occupy the field. A good school was started, the town was incorporated, and Lincoln began to show signs of solid improvement. In 1867 John D. Gillett, wlio has erected more fine buildings in town than any other, began the building of a large three-story brick building on the corner of Broadway and Kickapoo street. The next year he built two large stores on Broadway, over which is a hall used for lectures, theaters, dances, etc. In 1871 he built two stores on Kickapoo street. In 1873 there were erected the Musick block, two stores; Latham's block, four stores (Colonel Latham has erected almost as many buildings as Mr. Gillett); the Dustin block, six stores; Parker's block, four stores; the Brewer block, four stores; the National Bank block, two stores; G. W. Webb, two; while a number of one-room stores were constructed, in addition to many dwellings, shops, and houses of various kinds. In no year since has there been an equal amount of building. Since the war business has improved rapidly. Several large brick business houses have been erected. Three good wagon-makers have large shops, quite a number of smaller ones are seen, and a variety of other tradespeople find constant employment here. The present Lincoln Hotel, the largest in town, as well as in the county, was built by John D. Gillett during the summer of 1875. It occupies the site of the old Lincoln House, and is 108 xl09 feet in size. The basement and lower story are occupied as stores, while the second, third and fourth are used as the hotel proper. The cost of the structure was about $50,000. During this same year about 100 dwellings were erected in town.

Lincoln has at various times suffered disastrously from fire. Before 1870, or for seventeen years after the first buildings were erected, fires rarely occurred. With the exception of the court- house, burned on the night of April 14, 1857, only four small buildings were destroyed during the years mentioned. Since April 1 1870, the city has been visited by that destroyer not less than a score of times, each occasion laying waste valuable property. The buildings now erected arc almost always of brick, and caution is taken in their construction, thereby preventing the recurrence of these disasters. The city's business portion now presents substantial buildings, and danger from this source is materially lessened. Lincoln was incorporated under the general law in 1855, two years later under a special act, and continued thus until 1865, when the two towns of Postville and Lincoln united and formed the present city of Lincoln. Tliis was necessary for the good of each town, and as the limits of Lincoln by that date extended to those of Postville, no necessity for two organizations existed. The name of Postville was therefare dropped, and it became the Fourth "Ward of Lincoln. Had the desire of its people been carried out in the removal of the county seat to its first habitation, Lincoln would never have existed; but the former town being off the railroad, and its property very much shrunken in value, and having no moneyed, energetic men to push its interests, it gave way to its more powerful competitor.

Municipal History

Lincoln was incorporated under the general State law, as above stated, early in the year 1855. During the spring of that year the first board of village officers was elected. It consisted of the following persons: Ezra Boren, Geo. W. Edgar, Hopkins 0. Judy, Robert Leslie and John E. Oummings. These were sworn in office by David T. Lee. At their first meeting they organized by electing Geo. W. Edgar, President of the Board, and J. E. Oummings, Clerk. The board then appointed Geo. W. Stillman, Street Commissioner; J. W. Ratikin, Assessor; Joseph F. Benner, Treasurer, and Leroy F. Brown, Constable. At the next meeting, held on November 19, ordinances for the government of the town were adopted; the evenings for the regular meetings of tlie board were appointed, and the boundaries of the town defined. Tlie clause in the minutes of the proceedings of the board, relating to the limits of the town, reads as follows: "The limits of the town of Lincoln shall be the northwest quarter of section 31, town 20, range 2 west of the third principal meridian; the east half of the northeast quarter of section 36, town 20, range 3 west of the third principal meridian; and the east .half of the southeast quarter of section 35, town 20, range 3 west of the third principal meridian." This territory comprised 320 acres. The original town plat contained about one hundred acres, but ere long was increased by numerous additions, the principal ones being made by Colonel Latham, Mr. Wyatt and Mr. Gillett. The proceedings of the first meetings of the trustees, the town charter, its amendments, and the ordinances adopted, were published in the Illinois Citizen, then conducted by Messrs. Reed & Austin.

Ere long the sale of intoxicating liquors began to attract attention, and the board was compelled to adopt means to regulate its sale. Hence, on the 19th of January, 1856, an ordinance was passed, requiring a license to be obtained, and regulating the sale of the article. The license was fixed at $300, and a bond of $500 was also required. Licenses regulating peddlers and other itinerant tradesmen were also required, and fines established in case of the failure of those interested obtaining them. The name of the paper already referred to had changed to the Lincoln Citizen, and in it were published the ordinances recently adopted. The high liquor license and bond were, however, at subsequent meetings of the board reduced.

As the town grew in population and business, the necessity of its incorporation as a village, to enable it to comply better and more fully with the existing laws, and to better maintain its government, became evident, and on February 18, 1857, the act incorporating the town of Lincoln was approved by the Governor and became a law. A new Board of Trustees was elected, of which James S. Jones was appointed clerk. The proceedings of these meetings, as well as all the public printing at that date, were published in the Logan County Democrat, edited by H. H. Simmons.

Under this act, with various changes, Lincoln existed as a town until 1865, when, by an act of the Legislature approved Feb. 16, the two towns of Postville, the old county seat, and Lincoln were united under the name of the " City of Lincoln." From the records of the Board of Trustees of the town of Lincoln, it appears that the trustees of Postville were the first to suggest the union of the two towns, thereby forming a city.

it enacted hy the People of the State of Illinois, represented in General Assembly: That the towns of Postville and Lincoln, in Logan County, Illinois, be and they are hereby, merged

City Of Lincoln

Section second relates to the boundaries of the new town; section third, to the additions thereafter to be made to it; section fourth, to the name and style of the city as a corporate body; and section fifth, to the division of the city into four wards. The charter further specified the officers of the city, their duties, terms of office, salaries and fees, and manner of election.

The officers to be chosen were a mayor, city justice, city treasurer and two aldermen from each ward. The town board of Lincoln, at a meeting on March 2, 1865, ordered that the election be held in each ward at the school-house therein on March 13, to fill tbeseoffices. The votes being counted on the evening of election day, Joseph C. Webster was declared elected Mayor; Joseph T. Benner, City Justice, and Solomon Kdm, City Treasurer. The Aldermen from the First Ward were Marvin Brewer, elected for two years, and Franklin Fisk, one year; from the Second Ward, T. F. Ladue, for two years; A. M. Fellows, for one year; from the Third Ward, Hiram Sherman and Lot H. Crawford, each of whom received an equal number of votes; and from the Fourth Ward, J. M. Shackleford, for two years, and J. F. Boy, for one year. At the first meeting of the city council, the aldermen from the Third Ward drew lots to determine who should hold the office two years. The lot fell to Mr. Sherman, who took his seat accordingly.

At the first meeting of the council, W. D. Wyatt was chosen City Clerk; James Coddington, Assessor; W. D. Wyatt, Attorney, and Charles C. Brackett, Marshal.

Among the important acts of the State Legislature demanding attention was the act to establish graded schools in towns and cities, and to provide for their maintenance. This act was approved February 16, 1865, and among the earliest acts of the council of Lincoln was the order for an election to be held in each ward in the city to choose one director therefrom, all of whom, when elected, were to constitute the Board of Education for the city. This election was held on Tuesday, the 11th day of April, 1865, and resulted in the choice of one director from each ward, who constituted this board until they were succeeded by the Board of Inspectors, elected in 1867.

whom made the welfare of the city the paramount interest, and all labored for its advancement. We subjoin here the list of officers for the city of Lincoln and their terms of service. It will, however, be observed that the result of the election of each year only is given, one-half of the aldermen holding two years:

1865 - Mayor, Joseph C. Webster; Clerk, W. D. Wyatt; City Justice, Joseph F. Banner, elected for four years; Treasurer, Solomon Kahn; Attorney, W. D. Wyatt; Counciimen, First Ward, Marvin Brewer and Franklin Fisk; Second Ward, T. F. Ladue and A. M. Fellows; Third Ward, Hiram Sherman and Lot H. Crawford; Fourth Ward, J. M. Shackleford and J. F. Bay; Marshal, C. C. Brackett.

18Y0 - Mayor, George Warren; Clerk, G. W. Montague; Attorney, Edmund Lynch ; Treasurer, S. Kahn; Street Commissioner, Samuel Switzer; Counciimen, First Ward, H. F. Elliott; Second Ward, Nelson Andrew; Third Ward, William P. Randolph; Fourth Ward, J. M. Shackleford. For this year, owing to a law passed in the General Assembly, two additional supervisors were allowed for the city of Lincoln; one for that part of the city included in East Lincoln Township, the First and Second wards, and one for the Third and Fourth wards, or that part of the city in West Lincoln Township. For the First and Second wards, T. J. Larson was elected, and for the Third and Fourth wards, A. R. Orihfield.

1875 - Mayor, Abram Mayfield; Clerk, CM. Knapp; Treasurer, S. Kahn; Attorney, C J. Forsyth; Marshal, Charles Phillips; Street Commissioner, H. M. Levally; Councilmen, First Ward, H. Simonton; Second Ward, S. Rock; Third Ward, J. B. Montague; Fourth Ward, George L. Oglevie. At the session of the Legislature the' winter previous to this election, the offices of the additional supervisors were abolished.

Oity Of Lincoln Coal Mines

The Lincoln Good Company was tbrmed in December, 1867, under the general incorporation law of Illinois, but afterward became incorporated under a special charter, adopted at a special session of the General Assembly of 1869. The stock of the company was divided into 500 shares of $100 each. Two hundred and ninety were paid for in fall, ten were donated to James Braucher, who had previously bored for coal about six miles south of Lincoln, and had awakened some interest on the subject, and the remaining 200 shares were apportioned among the stockholders, according to the number of shares each held, upon their paying $30 for each share. This company was composed of some of the most energetic citizens of Lincoln and vicinity, among whom were Silas Beason, Dr. A. M. Miller, Frank Prorer and James Coddington.

A tract of land comprising one and a half acres was leased at what is now the crossing of the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis and Indianapolis, Bloomington & Western railroads, and on the 1st day of January, 1868, the company began to sink a shaft. The work was pushed forward until a depth of fifty- two feet was reached, when a bed of quicksand and water, eighteen feet in depth, retarded their progress. They labored long and at great expense in overcoming this, and it was not until September, 1869, that the present vein of coal was reached, at a depth of 271 feet. Preparations were immediately made for putting in machinery for raising coal, and on the 15th of December, 1869, nearly two years after the commencement of the work, coal was brought to the surface. In sinking the shaft several veins of coal were passed. At a depth of 100 feet a vein eighteen inches thick was found ; at a depth of 150 feet, one of thirty inches ; and seventy feet farther down, one forty-two inches in thickness was passed. The vein operated is five feet in thickness, and proves to be of an excellent quality. The cost of the shaft was $70,000, or $30,000 more than the amount of capital paid in. Bonds of the corporation were issued to the amount of $10,000 and a trust deed was executed on the property of the company as security. These bonds maturing in August, 1871, and the holders refusing to extend the time, the property was advertised and sold on the 23d day of December, 1871. Frank Frorer became purchaser for the amount of the indebtedness of the company, for the use of all the stockholders who should join in forming a new company, and contribute thereto in proportion to the stock held by them in the old company. Bj this purchase a new company was formed, and a capital of $80,000 contributed. The name of the old company was the Lincoln Coal Company, that of the new, the Lincoln Coal Mining Company. The stock is entirely owned by Frank Frorer, D. H. Harts and Mrs. D. H. Harts. The company employs 200 men some of whom are used in the tile works, which have been operated since 1878. The mine produces 80,000 tons of coal annually.

The Citizens^ Goal Mining Company was organized in June, 1882, by S. A. Foley, A. Mayfield, Peter Obcamp, Henry Ahrens and Hiram Pierce. The officers are now : Hiram Pierce, President ; Henry Ahrens, Vice-President, Superintendent and Treasurer; A. Mayfield, Secretary. The company owns the coal in 240 acres of land adjoining the city of Lincoln, and employs 160 men regularly, besides about thirty more when the demand for coal warrants the use of an increased force. Four hundi-ed and fifty tons are mined daily, and shipped to all points on the railroads leading from the mine, while the local demand is also large. The shaft is 266 feet deep, and the seam of coal is five feet four inches in thickness.

Lincoln Gas Company

The works of this company were constructed in 1873, by the National Gas Works Building Company of St. Louis, and were operated by that company for several months. In 1879 S. A. Foley became owner, and in 1884 the Lincoln Gas and Electric Light Company was organized, consisting of S. A. Foley, W. M. Dustin, Frank Frorer, D. H. Harts, E. B. Latham and John D. Gillett. About 40,000 feet of gas are daily produced.

Lincoln has one private and two national banks. The former is owned by William M. Dustin, who has conducted a banking business in Lincoln many years.

The First National Bank was organized in July, 18T3, by Messrs. Gillett, Schuler and others, with $50,000 capital. They deposited with the Comptroller of the Currency at Washington $30,000 in bonds, entitling them to $27,000 in circulating notes. The bank at once began business, with John D. Gillett as President and H. B. Schuyler as Cashier. There has been no change in the former office, Mr. Gillett still retaining the presidency. Mr. Schuyler sold his interest in March, 1882, to Frank Hoblit, of Atlanta, and in the virtual reorganization which then took place Mr. Hoblit became cashier and has since held that position. Frank W. Cottle is teller, and has held that position for about eight years. The business has steadily increased, especially since. Mr. Hoblit took charge, and is now in a highly satisfactory condition. A-il branches of banking business are carried on. The bank is located on Broadway, between Chicago and Kickapoo streets.

' Lincoln National Banh. - The Lincoln Savings, Loan and Trust Company began business July 1, 1877. There were then ten stockholders - S. A. Foley (President), J. A. Hudson (Cashier), John Happerley, Arthur Quisenberry, Mary Wbite, F. S. Selley, S. E. Hudson, Ezra White, E. G. Hudson and G. B. Hudson. The authorized capital was $100,000, half of which was paid up. This company continued under the name first mentioned until August 1, 1885, when two organizations were effected, with practically the same stockholders. One is the Lincoln Loan and Trust Cpmpany, formed to transact a real estate loaning business in Illinois and Kansas, with S. A. Foley as President, B. F. McCord as Yice-President and J. A. Hudson as Cashier; the other is the Lincoln National Bank, S. A. Foley, President; G. I. Harry, Cashier, and James A. Hudson, Vice-President. The bank has a paid-up capital of $60,000, and is doing a prosperous and profitable business on sound principles.

In October, 1866, the number of children between the ages of six and twenty-one years was found by the census to be 893. The aggregate attendance during the year ending July, 1867, was 619, and the average attendance during the same time was 353, and eight teachers were employed in the schools. At that time there were only five school buildings in the city, containing seven rooms, as follows: The grammar school, one house in the First Ward, and one in the Second, with two rooms each; and one room in each of the Third and Fourtli wards. The school-rooms were poorly seated, and very little furniture and conveniences for teacher and pupil were found in them.

On the 1st day of July, 1867, the city council passed an "Ordinance in Relation to Public Schools," thereby creating the " Board of School Inspectors," and giving them exclusive control of the city schools, independent of the State and county organization. On the third Monday in July the council appointed, as provided by said ordinance, the first Board of Inspectors, which consisted of:

The first meeting of the board was held on the 17th of J uly, at which time A. M. Miller was elected chairman, and committees were appointed.

The city council had, in the months of July and August, built a new house in the Third Ward, and added a story to the Fourth Ward house (which was of brick); re-seated all the old rooms with good seats; furnished each room with a clock, desk, bell, chairs, etc., for the comfort and convenience of teachers. Dnriug the first month the schools became so much crowded that it was found necessary to rent three rooms, and employ two more teachers (there being 440 pupils in six rooms, with eight teachers).

By the census of July, 1867, there were found to be 1,296 children between the ages of six and twenty-one years, and during the year closing July, 1868, there was an aggregate attendance of 914, and the average was 487, showing a gain over the previous year of 48 per cent, in aggregate, and 38 per cent, in average attendance. Yet it appears that many who were eligible to attend school, as seen by the census, could not be admitted and receive that share of instruction which pupils ought to receive in public schools.

However, there was a marked improvement in the schools. The superintendent was constantly employed in visiting, and aiding the teachers in their work ; monthly meetings were held for consultation; pupils manifested an interest in their studies, and all worked faithfully and harmoniously together, from day to day, during the whole year.

To remedy in part the want of suflScient accommodations, the city council caused to be erected two new buildings, in the summer of 1868, one in the First Ward, and one in the north part of the Fourth Ward.

The office of superintendent having been dispensed with, no general record of the progress of the schools was kept for the succeeding two years.

In the summer of 1869 preparations were made to erect a large central school-house. A lot of ground known as the Wright block, situated between Union and Maple, and Seventh and Eighth streets, in the central part of the city, was purchased at a cost of $5,000. The plan of the building furnished by T. F. Ladue, Esq., was adopted by the council, the building commenced and enclosed before the end of the year. This structure is 64 x 95 feet on the ground, three stories high above the basement, and seventy-five feet to the top of the dome, containing eleven good-sized schoolrooms - four on each of the first and second floors, and three on the third - together with one recitation room, a large hall, and numerous wardrobes, closets, etc., for tlie convenience of teachers and pupils. During the spring and summer of 1870 the house was finished and furnished with the most improved seats and furniture of the present day. The whole cost of the lot, building, furniture and heating apparatus (Ruttan's patent) is about $60,000, and is one of the best school edifices of its size in the State. It is an ornament to the city, a credit to the mechanics who constructed it, and a monument of pride to the citizens' generally, who have to defray the expense of the same.

The schools are divided into eleven grades, the eleventh being the lowest, and the first the highest grade. They are further designated as primary, intermediate, grammar and high school departments. The primary consists of the eleventh, tenth and ninth grades ; the intermediate, of the eighth, seventh, and sixth grades; tlie grammar, of the fifth, fourth, third and second grades; and the high school, of the first grade.

The school year is divided into three terms, the first beginning on the first Monday of September, and ending on Friday before Christmas. The second begins on the first Monday after New Year's, and ends the last Friday of March. The third term begins on the first Monday of April, and closes the Friday before the middle of June. There are now five school-houses. The Washington School, in the First Ward, has four school-rooms and two recitation rooms ; the Adams School, in the Third Ward, has two rooms; the Jefi'erson School, in the Fourth Ward, iias two rooms; the Monroe School, in the Fourth Ward, has one room, and the High School has eleven school-rooms and one recitation room. In all, twenty-one teachers are employed. The annual expenditures for school purposes amount to $12,000. The present School Board consists of A. M. Miller, President; David Gillespie, Vice-President ; Thomas J. Pegrain, R. N. Lawrance, William H. Eigdon and Henry Mohn. Dr. Miller has been a member of the board for twenty years, and president of the same nineteen years.

Lincoln Libraet Association

On the 18th of April, 1874:, a public meeting was held at the Cumberland Presbyterian church, for the purpose of establishing a public library and free reading-room. At this meeting Colonel E. B. Latham was chosen Chairman and Prof. D. M. Harris, Secretary. S. A. Foley presented a constitution, which was adopted. A committee of fourteen ladies was appointed to solicit subscriptions to the capital stock of the association. At a meeting held ten days later, this committee reported Hi shares of §10 each subscribed, and the association was fully organized by the election of the following officers : R. B. Latham, President; M. Hinrichsen, Vice-President; D. M. Harris, Corresponding Secretary; P. P. Murray, Recording Secretary, and W. M. Dustin, Treasurer. S. A. Foley, F. Fisk, B. H. Brainard, Mrs. JST. E. Pegram, M. W. Barrett and Mrs. D. M. Harris were made Directors, who appointed a purchasing committee, consisting of Dr. A. M. Miller, Dr. S. Sargent, Rev. L. P. Crawford, Mrs. J. A. Lutz and Mrs. J. T. Hoblit.

A room for the use of the association was fitted up and the first purchase of books put on the shelves about the 1st of September following, when the library room was formally thrown open to the public. At this time tliere were YOO volumes belonging to the library, which number has been added to till it is now over 2,300. The leading periodicals of the country and some newspapers are kept on the tables.

The rojm is open every evening and Saturday afternoons, free to][ali. It is self-sustaining and is destined to be one of the permanent institutions in the town. The present directors s^re: Dr. A. M. Miller, President; John A Lutz, S. A. Foley, Robert Humphrey, Dr. E. N. Lawrance, N. E. Pegram and Frank B. Mills. S. C. Nash is secretary of the board aad librarian of the association.

This institution was created by an act of the Legislature in 1865. The first action in relation to the establishment of the institution was taken by the State Medical Society at their annual meeting held in Bloomington June 5, 1855. A committee of three of 4ts members, consisting of Drc. David Prince, E. R. Roe and J. V. Z. Blaney, was appointed to memorialize the Legislature " with regard to the establishment of an institution for idiots." This committee was continued for four years, and presented a written memorial to each of the two succeeding assemblies. The first memorial was printed.

In 1866 Dr. Andrew McFarland, Superintendent of the State Hospital for Insane at Jacksonville, suggested an inquiry by the Legislature into the number and needs of this unfortunate class. Dr. P. G. Gillett, Superintendent of the Institution for Deaf and Dumb, at Jacksonville, Illinois, in 1860 called attention to the same subject, as many persons whose friends made application to him for admission properly belonged in an institution for the feebleminded.

The act creating the institution placed it in charge of the trustees of the institution of the Deaf and Dumb at Jacksonville, and they appointed Dr. P. G. Gillett Superintendent ex officio. The grounds and l>uildings of the Governor Duncan estate in Jacksonville were rented, and the school opened with three children, May 25, 1865. To Dr. Gillett great credit is due for his warm personal interest and labors in behalf of the institution during its early existence.

In September, 1865, Dr. Charles T. "Wilbur was elected superintendent of the institution. Dr. Wilbur had previously been connected with a similir institution in New -York, Connecticut and Ohio. Under his snperintendency the institution progressed favorably and it became necessary to secure more room, in consequence of the increasing number of applicants.

In 1875 the Legislature made an appropriation of $185,000, and appointed a Board of Commissioners to select a site for the permanent location of the institution.

The commissioners, after examining several different locations, decided in favor of Lincoln, and purchased forty acres of land known as Wyatt Grove. Plans' for the buildings, submitted by Messrs. Furness, Laing & Fehmers, architects, of Chicago, were adopted with the approval of the Governor, and the trustees advertised for sealed proposals for the construction of the building. Among a number of proposals that of T. E. Courtney, of Chicago, was accepted. Work was commenced November 5, 1875, and the buildings were completed in June, 1877.

The main building is of brick, and consists of a center three stories in height, connecting wings two stories, extreme wings parallel with center, three stories. The general style is modern gothic, with slate roof, dormer windows and towers. The rear buildings and engine house, built at the same time, are of brick and of the same general style. The main building faces to the east, fronting on State street. Its extreme length, front, is 324 feet; depth, 215 feet; depth of wings, 165 feet. The tower of the center building has an elevation of 100 feet, and those on the wings 85 feet. The buildings are heated by steam throughout, both direct and indirect radiation being used.

Additional buildings have been erected from time to time, among the most important being a two-story brick laundry building, completed in 1884, and a detached cottage hospital completed and occupied in 1886. These buildings, with the barn, carpenter shop, ice house, etc., are all in the rear of the main building.

In September, 1883, Dr. Charles T. Wilbur tendered his resignation, and was succeeded by Dr. William B. Fish, who at the time of his appointment was assistant superintendent of the Pennsylvania Institution for Feeble-Minded, at Elwyn.

The object of the institution, as defined in the act of 1875, regulating the State charitable institution, is to "promote the intellectual, moral and physical culture of its inmates, and to fit them as far as possible for earning their own livelihood, and for future usefulness in society."

School-rooms are provided for such children as are capable of school training, and children are graded according to their mental capacity. Physical exercise in the calisthenic room and gymnasium is required, and classes are detailed at different times from the different school-rooms for this purpose.

Industrial training is an important part of the work of the institution. All of the inmates, who are able, are expected to assist in the work of the household. Many of the children take pride in their work and earnestly strive to deserve the commendation of their instructors.

In 1885 a shoe shop was started, and six of the boys are receiving instruction. After a year's training, the six boys and their instructors have succeeded in making all the boots and shoes used in the institution, and are doing all the mending required. Knitting machines have been introduced during the past year, and all the stockings used by inmates are made on the premises. The older girls render excellent service in the sewing room and laundry. Many of them have been taught to use the sewing machine, and to make their own clothing. The larger boys are employed at farm and garden work. The recent acquisition of some forty acres of land will now give them an opportunity for training which has long been needed.

"Within the past year a class in hammered brass work has been organized. Some twenty children of both sexes are employed part of the day. Many beautiful and useful articles have been made, which are meeting with ready sale. Wood carving is also taught in the same department.

Many children of this class have a taste and fondness for music. This talent has been developed as far as possible. A brass band of sixteen pieces has been recently organized and the experiment has been very successful.

The institution now has 361 inmates, the largest number present since its organization. Of them 201 are males, 160 females. The buildings are crowded to their utmost capacity, and over 200 applications are on file, awaiting an opportunity for admission. It is but a question of time when it will be necessary to erect additional buildings to accommodate the most urgent cases, and application for a building to accommodate 100 females will doubtless be made at an early day. The institution is doing a noble work. The measure of its usefulness is most forcibly felt by the parents whose children are committed to its care, and to those who have from time to time carefally inspected its working. At least 20 per cent, of the pupils discharged are capable of selfsupport and of becoming useful members of society under proper supervision and associations. The institution owns about 100 acres of land adjacent thereto. The admirable condition of the institution at present, the thorough system which prevails, and the evidence of advanced ideas everywhere apparent are a sufficient commentary upon the skill and jndgment of Dr. Fish, the present superintendent.

Children between the ages of eight and eighteen who are feebleminded, or so deficient as to be incapable of being educated at an ordinary school, and who are not epileptic, insane, paralyzed, extremely helpless, or afflicted with contagious disease, may be admitted, upon receiving certificate of admission from the superintendent.

All children will be received upon trial, and will be expected to come to the institution provided with a supply of neat and substantial clothing. A bond will be required in all cases (excepting children who are county charges) with sureties, to insure the removal of the child when required by the superintendent, free of charge to the institution, its officers or agent, and to provide comfortable and suitable clothing, or to pay for such as may be furnished by the institution during the continuance of the child in its care. This bond should be accompanied by a certificate of the county clerk that tlie sureties are responsible.

Parties making application for the admission of children to the institution will be provided with application blanks, which are to be filled out and returned to the superintendent.

The officers of the institution are: Trustees, Edward D. Blinn (President), Lincoln, Illinois; Graham Lee, Hamlet, Illinois; Benson Wood, Effingham, Illinois; Treasurer, John D. Gillett, Elkhart, Illinois; "William B. Fish, M. D., Superintendent.

Methodist E-piscopal. - The first Methodist society of the city of Lincoln was organized in the winter of 1863-'4. The first meetings were held in the Chicago & Alton Railroad depot and presided over by Father Lewis Anderson, but the organization proper was effected in the First Ward school-house, on Clinton street, midway between Kickapoo and McLean, March 17, 1855, by Dr. A. C. Wooi, a class-leader in the church. At that time and for a year or two afterward the society was a part of the Mt. Pulaski mission, at least it received assistance from the mission fund. When it had become stronger, the church was a part of Mt. Pulaski circuit, which embraced almost the whole of Logan County, and was traveled by Rev. W. B. M. Colt; this was about the autumn of the year 1856. Up to this time, from the organization in 1853- '4, Revs. Garner and Bird had charge of the mission. The appointments in Mt. Pulaski circuit, at the time of Rev. Colt's charge, were as follows: Lincoln, Zion, Dalbey's, Day's school-house, Two- Mile Grove, Downing's, Hurricane Point,Wliiteman's, Lawndale, Mrs. French's, Mrs. Metcalf's, Bateinan's, Sugar Creek, Mt. Pleasant and Mt. Pulaski - fifteen in all.

Rev. Colt was succeeded in 1857 by Rev. B. Barthalow, and in 1858 and 1859 Rev. Samson Shinn was in charge, assisted tlie former year by S. D. McGinnis, and the latter by W. C. Pitner. In 1860 Mt. Pulaski circuit was divided and Lincoln circuit formed, including Zion, Sugar Creek and other points, and Rev. Joseph Montgomery was placed in charge. He was returned also in 1861. Eev. J. B. Kouts succeeded iiim in 1862 and '3. Rev. Preston Wood followed in the years 1864-'6. In the second year of his charge, 1865, Lincoln was made a station. Rev. W. R. Goodwin had charge of the rapidly increasing flock ia 1867-'8. Rev. J. G. Little came after him in 1869-'70. In 1871 Rev. M. A. Hewes had charge of the church, and he was succeeded the next year by Eev. G. W.Gray, D.D., who held the pastorate for three successive years from that time, 1872-4. In 1872 the Bloomington district was divided and Decatur district formed. Lincoln Station was included in the latter. Rev. J. G. Little was returned to the work again in 1875, and Rev. M. D. Hawes followed him in 1876. Rev. George Stevens was appointed to this place in 1877, and remained three years. Rev. J. H. Noble was here the succeeding two years, and Rev. Horace Reed served the society in 1882-'3. Rev. T. A. Parker, the present pastor, closes his third year in 1886.

At the same time with the organization of the society in the First Ward school-house a Sunday-school was also begun by Rev. I. R. Gi^rner and wife, the former being chosen superintendent. W. P. Wakeman is now superintendent. The average attendance is about 160.

About 1S58 a house of worship was i)uilt. It stands at the corner of Pekin and McLean streets and i? now owned by the Presbyterians, who worshiped in it until 1885. The erection of the present Methodist church at the corner of Broadway and Logan streets was begun July 10, 186S, and it was completed at a cost of $22,000. The society is out of debt and has a parsonage worth $4,000. The present membership is 239. Tiie precise number of members at the time of the organization in 1853 is not definitely known, but among the number were Eobert Leslie and wife, Dr. Wood, H. L. Bennett and wife, G. W. Brady, Mrs. G-. W. Judy, Henry Johnson and wife, Mrs. S. F. Eager, John D. Leslie and William G. Starkey and wife.

The trustees in 1886 are W. N. Bock, John Evans, W. W. Howser, Henry Abbott, John Johnson, T. J. Pegram, ~D. H. Harts, W. P. Randolph and W. P. Wakeman. Uriah Hill is treasurer, and J. J. Friend, R. H. Kinman, F. B. Mills and Uriah Hill are stewards.

Baptist. - The congregation occupying the First Baptist Church at the corner of Broadway and Union streets was organized April 19, 1856, probably in the First Ward schoil-house, with these nine members: J. 0. Webster, C. B. Hukill, George F. Stillman, Jane M. C. Stillman, S. Z. Millard, Robert Snow, William Patterson, Maro-aret A. Patterson and Robert Wilson. Rev. Tliomas C. Reese was the organizer of the church and the first pastor, 1856-'7. In the latter year he was succeeded by Rev. S. J. Goodsell, who remained in charge for three successive years, or from 1857 to 1860, in which year he was called to his long home. The pulpit was then filled by Rev. C. Garrison for two years, when he was succeeded by Rev. A. M. Bacon, and he by Rev. E. J. Cressey. The former held the pastorate one or two years and the latter an indefinite time. These, with Rev. R. F. Powers, cared for the church up to the year 1867, when Rev. Chauncey Warder, of New York, took charge of the spiritual welfare of the congregation. He remained until 1868 or '9. Then followed Rev. A. B. White, of Ohio, for two years, and Rev. J. W. Icenbarger for three years, reaching up to about 1875. Rev. Portman preached to the congregation occasionally for a time after the teriaiaation of Rev. Iceiibargor's pastorate. Then Rev. William Anderson, D. D., of Scotland, ministered to the church for about one year. For about six montlis after the severance of his connection with the society they remained without a pastor, when Rev. William Elmer, of St. Louis, accepted a call to Lincoln. In 1880 Rev. E. K. Cressey was here for nine months. After an interim. Rev. J. Primm came and remained two years. Rev. C. J. Banks came January 1, 1885, and served the church ten months.

The first church edifice erected by the congregation was built in 1857. It is a small brick structure, and still stands where it was built, on Fourth street, being afterward the property of the German Catholic Society, who purchased it in 1864. It is now used as a parochial school. The building occupied at present was erected in 1866-'7at a cost of $6,000; the lot upon which it stands cost $1,200. The church is commodious, having a seating capacity for about 375 persons.

The Sunday-school was organized by Rev. Mr. Goodsell during his pastorate, which began in 1857 and ended in 1860. S. M. Guttery is now superintendent, and the average attendance is about seventy.

The officers of the church, besides the pastor, are: Secretary and Treasurer, D. B. Montague; Deacons, I. Acken, E. McCord, D. Fusch and S. M. Guttery; Trustees, John A. Lutz, I. Acken, E. McCord and Charles T. Girard. The church is a branch of the Mis?ionary Baptist denomination, and belongs to the McLean Association, as it has from the first. The present membership is about 100.

Cumberland Presbyterian. - The Cumberland Presbyterian denomination came into existence February 4, 1810. Its birthplace was the residence of Rev. Samuel McAdow, in Dickson County, Tennessee, a picturesque old double log house of the primitive pattern, with wide stick chimneys and without window glass. In the short space of sixty-eight years the denomination has grown to its present proportions, with its fine churches, schools and colleges scattered all over the land.

The Cumberland Presbyterian church of Lincoln is a branch of that denomination, and was organized on Saturday, February 7, 1857, by Rev. Thornton K. Hedges, in what was known as Boron's Hall, on Pulaski street, or in the First Ward school-house. There were fifteen persons besides Rev. Hedges who joined in the orl^

George W. Edgar, John S. Metcalf and John Howser were chosen elders, and Rev. Hedges ministered to the congregation. He gave them half his time for the succeeding three years, and after that all of his time to June 1, 1862. Then Rev. James White served the congregation until September 1, 1866, and Rev. R. Q. Garden the following year. Next, Rev. W. M. Metcalf had pastoral charge until in May, 1869, and after him Rev. J. C. Van Fatten from September, 1869, to August, 1870, and Rev. E. J. Gillespie from October, 1871, to the next spring. In August, 1872, Rev. J. W. Poindexter, D. D., was engaged to have care of the chnrch, and also as professor of pastoral theology in Lincoln University. At various times, while the church was temporarily without a pastor, the pupit was filled by Rev. S. Richards, Rev. Dr. Bowden and others, of Lincoln University. The present pastor, Rev. J. M. Hubbert, has served the congregation since May, 1878.

The Elders of the chnrch are: A. 0. Boyd, L. Barnard, E. Barton, G. W. Edgar, G. I. Harry, and A. H. McKenzie; Deacons, E. K Davis, J. W. Miller and Mrs. E. R. Harrington; Trustees, G. W. Edgar, A. C. Boyd, E. Burton and E. N. Davis. The present membership is about 400.

During the pastorate of Rev. James White the question of founding a university was agitated by the denomination, and through the efforts of the aforementioned pastor, the Cumberland Presbyterian congregation at this place, as well as the other citizens of Lincoln, became warmly interested in having their city chosen as the site of the institution. The necessary meetings were held, money was subscribed, the advantages of Lincoln as a location for an institution of learning were duly set forth, and finally the decision was made in its favor. The erection of the building was begun September 14, 1865, and it was opened for the admission of students in the fall of 1866, since which time it has added in a great measure to the strength of the Cumberland Presbyterian congregation, and it has also been of immense value to the city.

Oitt Of Lincoln

Rev. A. J. McGlumphy, D. D., was superintendent of this school for ten consecutive years; A. H. McKenzie now holds the position. The attendance is 300 to 400.

Some of the earliest meetings of this society were held in that cradle of Lincoln churches, the First Ward school-house. The first members received into the church were James Kelso, David Conardon, Theophilus Chowning, Henry Horney and Griselda Blackburn, by experience,, and Sarah Chowning and Eliza J . Blackburn by letter. Their first church edifice, dedicated in June, 1857, was built on the corner of McLean and Clinton streets, and was occupied until 1866, when it was sold to the congregation of the Evangelical St. John's Church. The present house of worship, corner of Fekin and Ottawa streets, was then built at a cost of $10,000; the lot cost $600. In the spring of 1877 an addition to the house and several alterations were made, in order to better accommodate the members of the General Assembly of the Cumberland Presbyterian churches, which met here that year. The parsonage belonging to this society is situated on Pekin street, near the church. It is a large and handsome residence. The total value of the church property is about $18,000.

Christian, or Disciples. - The house occupied by the congregation of the denomination of Christians, or Disciples of Christ, stands on Pekin street, between Kickapoo and McLean. Its erection was begun in the year 3 855, the contract being let to David Blane, but it was not completed until about two years afterward. Rev. William Brown, of Springfield, was the first minister of this denomination who labored in Lincoln. Under his ministration a temporary organization was entered into in the autumn of 1855, a meeting for that purpose being held in a warehouse. The meetings for religions service, before the church was completed and ready for occupancy, were held in the Methodist Episcopal church and in Boren's Hall on Pulaski street.

A permanent organization was effected in the autumn of 1866 by clioosing T. H. Denny, Sr., and Hopkins C. Judy as Elders and J. M. Edwards and C. H. Miller as Deacons. The early records of the church have unfortunately been lost, but it is thought that about thirty persons formed the original congregation. The ministers who have had charge of and labored with this church to the present time are: Eevs. William Brown, Dr. J. M. Allen, J. S. Sweeney, Alexander Johnson, Allen Rice, Charles J. Berry, George Owens, B. W. Johnson, Richard Johnson, T. Y. Berry,

At the time of the temporary organization, a subscription paper was circulated and about two-thirds of the amount necessary to build a church was pledged; but when the house was completed it rested under a considerable debt, which was not cleared away until the expiration of five or six years. The total cost of preparing the house tor worship was about $3,500. The cost would have been greater, but the lot upon which the house stands was donated to the society bv Messrs. Latham, Gillett and Hickox, the proprietors and founders of the original town of Lincoln. The value of the church property at present is something near $4,000.

A Sunday-school was begun at about the same time with the church. It numbers at present about sixty-five pupils and is under charge of Elmer Martin.

Congregational. - A church of the Congregational denomination was oro-auized in the city of Lincoln on the 12th day of March, 1859. A preliminary meeting had been held at the residence of S. F. Eager on the 14th of the preceding month, which meeting was attended by John Crang, Stephen Barnum, William Hungerford, Mrs. S. M. Hungerford, Mrs. Elizabeth Crang, Mrs. Mary W. Carpenter, Mrs. Priscilla G. Barnum and Miss Helen 0. Barnum, besides Mr. Eager, and Mrs. Elizabeth C. Eager - eleven persons in all. On the date first mentioned, these same persons met at the Cumberland Presbyterian church and entered into an organization under the direction of Rev. H. "VV. Cobb. During the ensuing year there were added to the church Beaumont Parks, C. H. Ormsby, John F. Adams, "William P. Bates and Misses £. J. and H. M. Bates.

As the congregation had not erected a house of worship, they rented Musick's Hall, which at that time stood at the corner of Kickapoo and Pulaski streets. Here religious services were held once in two weeks by Eev. H. W. Cobb, their organizer, who remained their pastor until the fall of 1861, something over two and a half years. At the close of his pastorate, Eev. Robert L. McCord was engaged to minister to the spiritual welfare of the congregation, and remained until the spring of 1868. It was during his stay in Lincoln that the first church owned by this society was built. The contract for its erection was let to "William Hungerford in August, 1863, and it was finished about January 1, 1864. The location chosen for the house was on West Pulaski street, near the corner of Kankakee, on lots donated to the society by Latham, Gillett and Hickox.

When Rev. McCord had terminated his pastorate, he was succeeded by E.ev. H. S. Clark; the latter was followed by Hev. A. E. Baldwin and he by Rev. H. D. Piatt. In September, 1872, the society had become numerically weakened. Death had visited the fold and taken of the flock; some of the best workers and most valuable members had removed to other cities, and several of those remaining had suffered severely by the various fires which visited Lincoln shortly before this time. For these reasons it was thought best to sell the church building and place the monej' at interest until such a time as it should be deemed advisable to resume public services as an organization. The building was accordingly sold' soon afterward to the German Evangelical Lutheran Society, by whom it is still owned, though now unused. In 1875 ground was purchased at the corner of Broadway and Ottawa streets, and Pilgrim Chapel was built upon it at a total cost of $3,956. The building was finished in the early part of 1876. The society found itselftoo weak to maintain a creditable organization, however, and in 1885 sold this structure to the Presbyterians, who now occupy it.

St. John's Evangelical Lutheran. - The German Lutherans held meetings in various places and under a variety of circumstances for some time before they organized themselves into a society or procured themselves a church in which to assemble. For a considerable time these meetings were held somewhere in the Fourth Ward. The Congregational church was also rented for one year and meetings were held there. At this time Rev. Stumf was the minister of the congregation. January 15, 1865, a permanent and regular organization was effected. There were twenty-nine persons entering into the organization, of whom the following were officers: Five Elders - Wolrod Kief, John Flick, Adam Bucke, Jacob Kief and Micliael Kief; five Trustees, Fr. C. W. Koehnle, Bernard Friesh, Adam Bucke, Michael Kief and Wolrod Kief; a Secretary, Fr. C. W. Koehnle; and a Treasurer, Adam Bucke.

The first church occupied by this society was the one first erected by the Cumberland Presbyterians and sold by them to this congregation February 26, 1865, shortly after the organization of the latter. The price paid for the house, which was on the corner of

Clinton and McLean streets, was $2,500. This building is now used for a parochial school. The present fine church, at the corner of Fifth and Union streets, was erected in 1884, at a cost of $10,000. It is a brick structure, 4-0 x 65 feet, with basement and tower. The auditorium is nicely furnished and will seat 500.

The first minister after the organization was Rev. F. Siegel, who remained in charge two years. After he had severed his connection with this church, Rev. John Wettle became their pastor and served in that capacity for four years and a half. He then gave place to Rev. L. Austman, who ministered to the church two years. Following him came Rev. John G. Ade, the present pastor, in 1877.

The congregation numbers about 300. The officers are: Deacons, M. Reinhardt, A. Bree, August Wilmert, Fritz Wilmert, John Lachenraeier and Franlc Rimmerman ; Trustees, Peter Obcamp (Treasurer), M. Reinhardt (Secretary), "William Rimmerman, Adolph Rimmerman and Fritz Wilmert.

St. Mary's (7«^Ac>Zic CAi^rc/i. - Tlie first Catholic church in Lincoln was built in 1837 by the German and Irish immigrants who had settled here at an early day. Previous to that time the few Catholics living here were attended by priests from Chicago, Springfield and Bloomington. The first settled pastor was the Rev. Father Thomas Meagher, formerly of Cohimbus, Ohio, who took charge of the parish in 1858. His successors were the Rev. Father Martin, tlermann and Thomas Burke. As the congregation grew larger Father Burke built the present St. Patrick's Church, and the small brick church was left in the possession of the German Catholics. The priests who have had charge of the St. Mary's German Congregation since that time have been the Reverend Fathers William Netstratter, Heskemann, Andrew Michels, Anton Schmitz, F. X. Heller, Conrad Rotter, and Bernard Baak. Under the pastorate of Father Rotter, the present brick church and parochial school were built. Rev. Bernard Baak, formerly pastor of St. Joseph's Church, Peoria, took charge of St. Mary's Church in August, ISSi, and under his pastorate the church has been prospered. Tiie membership numbers about 110 families. The school belonging to St. Mary's Church is under the care of the Ursuline Sisters from Louisville, Kentucky, and gives general satisfaction to its patrons, about 100 pupils being in attendance.

St. Patrick's Irish Catholic. - When the Irish and German congregations separated. Father Thomas Burke remained with the former. Succeeding him there have been, in order. Revs. Patrick

As soon as the division was made, this congregation set to work to prepare a place of worship, and a house was immediately erected at the corner of Eleventh and Union streets, on the lots now occupied by the residence of T. H. Stokes. It was completed in the summer of 1867, and remained at that place until the summer of 1874, when, in order to have it in a more convenient situation, the building was moved to the site on which it now stands, 102 Logan street, between Clinton and Decatur. Here it was thoroughly refitted and finished, having been left in an incomplete condition before. A school-house was also built at the^rear of the church, and the house of a priest on an adjoining lot. The cost of the church and school-room was about $4,000. The priest's residence and the ground on which it stands is worth $2,000.

Presbyterian. - Some time about the year 1857 a committee from the Springfield Presbytery, of what was then the Old School Presbyterian church, came to the village of Lincoln to organize a church, but gave up the undertaking because the territory was included in the limits of the Bloomington Presbytery, and [therefore beyond their jurisdiction. There is no record of any further attempt to occupy this field until May or June, 1866,when a committee from Bloomington Presbytery came down and held a meeting at what was then the Methodist church, now the Presbyterian. At that time there was a dissension in the Congregational church, and, after considering the situation, the committee concluded to postpone the effort to organize lest it might be regarded as an attempt to take advantage of the misfortunes of a sister church. In October of the same year another committee from Bloomington Presbytery, Eev. Mr. Conover of Bloomington, Kev. Mr. Love of Lexington, and Elder Alexander Downey of Atlanta, called the few Presbyterians in the city together, and on the 5th of that month organized a church with twenty-seven members whose names follow: Henry Owsley, Oliver Goltra, Yardly Canby, David Gillespie, J. B. McCord, Dr. J. C. Eoss, Jesse Denman, David M. Pierson, Samuel Miller, Henry T. Stryker, Mrs. Elvira Davidson, Mrs. Annie M. Sims, Mrs. Jane Goltra, Mrs. Mary Montague, Mrs. Mary Pettus, Mrs. Abbie T. Goltra, Mrs. Mary E. Eoss, Mrs. Mary Owsley, Mrs. Maria Denman, Mrs.

The little church had no regular services till March 3, 1867, when Eev. A. J. Layenberger, now of Champaign, was called to the pastoral office. Mr. Layenberger, who was just out of theological seminary, was a young man of decided talent, and possessed of an energy and enthusiasm which soon put the church in workino- order. A few meetings were held in the Methodist church, and then Brewer's Hall, on Pulaski street (since burned), was rented. Here a live Sunday-school was organized, Mr. Layenberger himself acting as superintendent, leading the singing and pushing every detail of the work with a zeal which made light of all obstacles. December 4, 1867, with a membership of about thirty-five, the society bought of the Methodist Episcopal church for §1,500 the church building, parsonage and grounds, which they used until recently. The only aid received was a grant of $500 from the Board of Church Extension. The sum to be paid was a heavy one, but the little society accomplished its undertaking in three or four years. This building is now unused, as in June, 1885, they purchased the Congregational church at a cost of $2,000.

Rev. L. P. Crawford, who had been for a number of years pastor of a church at Somonauk, Illinois, was called to this pulpit October 1, 1870. At that time the church had but few, if any, more than forty members, a number which was increased under Mr. Crawford's earnest and well-directed labors to about 120. Mr. Crawford remained with the church till January 1, 1878, and then removed to Farmer City. Rev. William Omelvena began his ministry April 28, 1878, and left in November, 1880. Dr. S. T. Wilson was here from September, 1880, to February, 1882. Rev. Albert H. Trick served from June, 1882, to July, 1881, and in October of the last-named year Rev. Alonzo Michael took charge.

The membership of the church is not far from 100. The elders are: William Hungerford, Jesse Denman, James Gillespie and David Gillespie; Trustees: Jabez Pierce, Minor David and James Gillespie.

The Sunday-school is attended by about seventy -five pupils, and is officered by Jabez Pierce, Superintendent; Minor David, Assistant Superintendent; Louis Atkins, Secretary.

City Ot' Lincoln

A. Blout, S. Uoten, Charles H. Geer, Mrs. A. li. Miller, Mrs. 0. H. Couch, Chat B. Jackson, Elizabeth Carwin and M. L. Mathes. 0. 0. Brackett was among those who aided in founding and sustaining the society, but never became a member. Prominent among the earliest and most earnest working members were diaries H. Geer, Sorell Doten, Hiram Wilson, A. H. Miller, Hiram Simonton and Mrs. C. B. Shriver. About the close of the war Joseph Ream and wife and D. L. Braucher and wife united themselves with the church. Meetings were held in the Christian church, in Musick's Hall and at other places until the autumn of 1867. The records show that a meeting was held on the Ist day of September in that year to make arrangements for completing the furnishing of the house and for its dedication. The date fixed upon for that ceremony was Wednesday, September 11, at 2 o'clock p. m., and at that time the church was duly dedicated, the services being conducted by Rev. H. K. Nye, assisted by Rev. D. P. Bunn. At various times before and after this date members were added to the congregation, and among them were Mary Doten, Jane E. Miller, William H. Derby, Mrs. Ruth A. Lacey, Elizabeth Brackett, Mrs. Caroline Wilson, W. S. Chenoweth, S. C. Nash and others. The iirst Board of Trustees chosen consisted of Hiram Wilson, Joseph Ream and Ruth .A. Lacey. Mrs. Lacey resigned and Sorell Doten was elected in her place. D. L. Braucher was chosen Treasurer and Mrs. H. C. Braucher, Clerk.

The first minister was Rev. Mr. Chapin. The next was Rev. A. H. Sweetser, who served until May 3, 1868, when he resigned. In the autumn of that year Rev. Sumner Ellis preached two or three times. No regular services were held until the succeeding January, though Rev, J. M. Garner officiated part of the time. At the date mentioned Rev. N. Crarey and Rev. J. P. Chaplain began a series of meetings, which continued through the month of January and a part of February. Several members were added to the church as the fruits of these efforts. After this Revs. J. M, Garner, W. J. Chaplain and Hudson Chase preached for the congregation in the order named. In April Rev. J. P. Chaplain was engaged for pastor for one year and entered upon his work From April, 1870, to February, 1872, there were no regular services. On the 12th of the latter month Rev. Samuel Ashton was engaged for one year, at a salary of $1,500, to preach to the church at Lincoln and the one at Mt. Pulaski, he allowing the two societies $300 per year for the use of the churches whenever he might see fit to occupy them outside of regular services.

In the autumn of that year a parsonage was built on the grounds adjoining the church. When it was almost completed and ready for occupation it burned to the ground. As there had been no fire about the building the conflagration must have been the work of an incendiary, though no clue to the perpetrator of the outrage has ever been discovered. The work was immediately begun again and the house rebuilt, but the double cost threw the society into debt. The church is a very substantial brick edifice, located at 67 Kickapoo street, and cost, with the parsonage, about $8,000.

Kev. Ashton resigned his charge in April, 1873, since which time no pastor has been employed, and but few services have been held since 1874. During 1883 and 1884 Eev. L. G. Powers now of Minneapolis, but then of Chicago, preached here monthly.

Episcopal. - The first movement to organize a parish of the Episcopal denomination in Lincoln was set on foot July 3, 1S71. At this date, a meeting of those interested in the matter was held at the Universalist church on Kickapoo street. Rev. F. M. Gregg, Rector of St. Paul's Church, Springfield, presided over the small assembly, and there were present the following named residents of this city: S. A. Foley, J. A. Niles, William Rhea, Thomas H. Phillips, Charles Moore, George S. Dana, Mrs. J. C. Congdon and Mrs. William B. Mann. An organization was entered into and Stephen A. Foley was chosen Senior Warden; J. A. Niles, Junior Warden; Thomas H. Phillips, William Rhea, Charles Moore and George S. Dana, Vestrymen.

The parish was then without a rector until May, 1873, though during this interval of nearly two years occasional services were held by Rev. F. M. Gregg, of Springfield, and on two occasions services were conducted by the Rt.-Rev. Bishop Whitehouse. On the date mentioned, Rev. William Wilson entered upon the duties of the rectorship. The society having as yet no church, Gillett's Hall was secured to be used for church purposes, a temporary chancel was ari'anged and the congregation worshiped there until the 12th of the following September. On the 13th of May preceding this last date, ground had been broken for a new church edifice, the one in use at present, and it was now ready for occupation. Not long after this time Rev. Wilson returned East, to the great regret of his parishioners, and Rev. George H. Higgins was next called to the rectorship, entering upon his duties October 1, 1874.

Mr. Higgins remained one year, and from October 1, 1875, to May 1, 1877, the parish was without a minister. Occasional services were held by visiting clergymen, but most of the time the church was closed.

The Sunday-school, which had been organized at some previous time by Mrs. Foley and Miss Mary Tunnel, was disbanded. January 1, 1877, however, it was re-organized by John Scully and the ladies of the church. During Lent of this same year. Rev. Joseph E. Martin, M. A., then rector of St. John's Church, Peoria, held weekly services. May 1, 1877, Mr. Martin became rector of this parish. At this time there were twenty-seven communicants. At the close of one year's ministration his report showed eighty-four communicants. He remained until June, 1881, and then Rev. William "Wilson was here for one year. Rev. J. E. Hall was in charge from the summer of 1882 to November, 1884, since when no rector has been engaged.

The church has a membership of seventy-five. The present vestry includes: S. A. Foley (rector's warden), R. N. Lawrance (people's warden), R. B. Latham, John Scully, J. B. Hudson, Henry W. Dana (secretary and treasurer), T. B. Perry and William M. Prince. Dr. R. N. Lawrance is superintendent of the Sundayschool, which is attended by from forty to fifty pupils.

African Methodist Episcopal. - Spencer Donnegan came to Lincoln in 1866. At that time there was no church of colored people in Lincoln, nor was there for some three or four years afterward. He, however, organized a mission in 1866. It was a very small body at first, consisting of but three persons - himself and wife and Mrs. Lucinda Allen. The little mission grew slowly for - some years, for there were not many colored people in Lincoln at that period, and hence there was but little material , out of which to form a church. Mr. Donnegan persevered, however, holding the services of the mission at his dwelling house during about four years. At the expiration of this time, the membership had increased from three to twelve, and it was thought expedient to organize the body into a church and procure a house of worship. Accordingly the church was organized at the dwelling house where the meetings had been held. This took place probably in the autumn of the year 1870. Elder A. T. Hall, then of Springfield, was present and directed the erection of a mission into a church. At first the congregation had no house, but by persistent effort the old high school building, located on the corner of Broadway and

Sherman streets, was purchased from the city for $800 and fitted up as a cliurch. Its total cost was $918. A new church was built in 1881, at a cost of about $1,000; but it is not paid for, and the society is financially embarrassed.

Elder A. T. Hall and Elder Daniel "Winslow had made occasional visits to the church here, but the first regular minister in charge was Rev. J. "W". H. Jackson, who came at some time in the year 1870. Since his ministration there have been in charge, at various times, Eevs. W. M. Beckley, Charles Holmes, "W. fl. Alexander, E. C. Joiner, J. H. De Pugh, J. B. Dawson, S. M. McDowell and W. J. Davis, the present pastor. The superintendent of the Sunday-school is Albert Dyer.

German Evangelical Lutheran. - Sometime in the year 1869, Rev. I. I. Kerrn, a Lutlieran minister, at that time pastor of a church at Mt. Pulaski, came to the Rothschild school-house in "West Lincoln Township, four miles northwest of Lincoln, to organize a church of his denomination; but, owing to his removal to El Paso, in Woodford County, soon after, he did not affect the organization. Tiie next year, however. Rev. I. T. Boetticher, who had taken his place at Mt. Pulaski, preached at the school-house frequently and in the spring of 1871 formed a church at that place. Some of the members who entered the organization were persons who had belonged to the United Lutheran and Reformed Congregation, known as the Evangelical St. John's Church, the history of which has been given; but as they desired to belong to a congregation that was wholly Lutlieran, and under charge of a Lutheran - minister, Rev. Boetticher wrote to a friend of his. Rev. H. Meyer, then residing in Hanover, Germany, to come and take charge of the new congregation. He arrived in July, 1871, and on the 19th of that month preached his first sermon at the Rothschild schoolhouse and organized a church with twelve members - Chris Lohrens, Fred Schroeder, Fred Wittcopf, John Werth, John Bure, Chris. Krueger, W. Krusemark, Ad. Schroeder, Ch. Struebing, H. Jentzen, Cli. Boelk and Charles Jarchow. The young church took the ample name of " The German Evangelical Lutheran Zion's Congregation of the Unaltered Augsburg Confession, of "West Lincoln, Logan County, 111." Chris. Lohrens, Fred. Schroeder and John Bure were chosen trustees.

In compliance with the wishes of many German Lutherans at Lincoln, Eev. Meyer came to the city and held services occasionally, first in the school-house in Postville and afterward in Mr. Tibbett's store. Finally, May 15, 1872, a church was organized, consisting of nine members, who were: John Schall, G. Drobisch, P. Ebel, John Feuerbaeher, W. Koeneke, G. T. Wolf, John Schroeder, Mrs. Rosa Feuerbaeher and Mrs. C. Geissler. The name of this church was the same as the other, with the omission of the word " West " before "Lincoln." John Schall, G. Drobisch and G. T. Wolf were chosen trustees. The first named of the three was selected as treasurer, and the last as secretary.

Not long after the organization of the latter congregation, the two churches were united and it was found necessary to procure a house of worship. The Congregational church at the corner of Kankakee and Pulaski streets being for sale at this time, was purchased by them for $3,000 and thoroughly fitted for occupancy, and on the 20th of October they held their first service in that church, which they have used continuously ever since. The next year they purchased an adjoining house and tw) lots from Mr. Andrews to be used by the minister as a parsonage, paying therefortlie sum of $2,600, and they also erected a neat and commodious school-house on the premises at a cost of about $700.

The congregation includes 615 persons, of whom seventy ai-e voting members. The trustees are: August Berger, Chris. Max and Conrad Gehrs; Secretary, J. Feuerbaeher; Treasurer, Adam Bucke; Elders, Chris. Lohrens, Henry Werth, Fred Wittkopf, William Krusemark and John Dahns. The pastor is superintendent of the Sunday-school, which has seventy to seventy-five attendants, and teaches the day school, which includes twenty-five to thirty pupils.

Hebrew Congregation. - The Hebrews of Lincoln organized a congregation in August, 1884, with eight or ten families, and are now attended by Kev. Gotten, of Bloomington, the first and third Sundays of each month. They rent the dniversalist church. Louis Rosenthal is president of the organization and S. Stern, vicepresident.

Lincoln Lodge, No. 210, A. F. <& A. M., was chartered October 7, 1856, the petitioners being Robert B. Latham, Joseph F. Benner, Robert Leslie, Solomon Kahn, John T. Jenkins, S. Rothschild and D. M. Jackson. The lodge now has seventy-two members and meets at Masonic Hall the first and third Tuesday evenings of each month. The present officers are: Eobert Goebel, Worthy Master; Joseph Schott, Senior Warden; W. S. Tandy, Junior Warden; I. Altman, Treasurer; L. C. Schwerdtfeger, Secretary; K. N. Lawrance, Chaplain; H. A. Wallace, Tyler.

Logan Lodge, No. 480, A. F. <& A. M., was chartered October 3, 1866, with fourteen members. The present officers are: James Gillespie, Worthy Master; John Johnson, Senior Warden; Frank Cottle, Junior Warden ; David Gillespie, Senior Deacon; Sam. Evans, Junior Deacon; S. M. Guttery, Secretary; Sam. Stern, Treasurer; Henry Wallace, Tyler.

Lincoln Chapter, No. 147, R. A. M., was chartered in October, 1871. There are now about 100 members, and meetings are held the fourth Tuesday evening of each month. The officers for 1886 are: I. Altman, High Priest; M. S. Wilkinson, Scribe; H. S. Stancill. King; D. Gillespie, C. of H.; F. S. Selley, Permanent Secretary; Joseph Schott, R. A. C. ; J. Gillespie, M. 3d V.; Levi Forbis, M. 2d V.; Charles Schott, M. 1st Y.; Henry Wallace, Tyler; L. C. Schwerdtfeger, Secretary; Sam. Stern, Treasurer.

Gonstantine Commandery, No. 51, K. T., was chartered with the following first members: James W. Poindexter, A. Mayfield, James E. Hill, Minor David, Wilbur F. Bromfield, James T. Hoblit, George H. Campbell, Theodore F. La Due, John A. Miles, John T. Boyden, George Skinner, Lewis B. Davis, Charles T. Wilbur, William E. Seip, E. G. Hudson and Lucian L. Leeds. The commandery has eighty members, and meets the first Thursday evening of each month at Masonic Hall. The officers for 1886 are: M. S. Wilkinson, Eminent Commander; L. C. Schwerdtfeger, General; R. N. Lawrance, Commanding General; T. A. Parker, Prelate; D. Gillespie, Senior Warden; Joseph Schott, Junior Warden; Henry Brown, Treasurer; W. F. Bromfield, Recorder; George I. Harry, St. B. ; James Gillespie, Sw. B.; J. B. Hudson, Warden; Charles Skinner, C. of G.

Lincoln Lodge, No. 204, 1. 0. 0. F., was chartered October 17, 1856, the first members being D. H. Cox, James H. Lee, H. P. Kelso, Levi M. Reber and T. J. Haughey. The present officers are: P. H. Hirth, Noble Grand; W. S. Tandy, Vice-Grand; Wm. McMasters, Corresponding Secretary; C. Hoskins, Permanent Secretary; Trustees, C. M. Knapp, J. Q. Smith, L. C. Schwerdtfeger, Louis Rosenthal, Adam Denger. The lodge meets Friday at Odd Fellows' Hall.

Mozart Lodge, No. 345, /. 0. 0. Jf^wsLS. chartered October 9, 1867, the first members being J. N. Lipp, Fred. Herkman, George Sechleiter, Felix Kahn, David Auer, Chris. Kerkhoff, John G. Fox, Henry Roach, Gottlieb Zimmerman and E. Myers. The lodge lias fifty-eight members, and meets every Thursday at Odd Fellows' Hall. The present officers are : V. Cherney, Noble Grand ; O. Gans, Vice-Grand ; R. Schweihert, Secretary ; A. Goebel, Treasurer.

Leo W. Myers Post, No. 182, G. A. R., was organized February 6, 1S83, with forty-two charter members. The first officers were : James Hill, Commander; J. B. Paisley, Senior Yice-Commander; J. 0. Wallace, Junior Vice-Commander; Sol. R. Smith, Adjutant; J. Q. Smith, Quartermaster; William J. Petit, Officer of the Day; J. 0. Young, Officer of the Guard ; Jerry Simpson, Chaplain ; 0. H. Norred, Surgeon. Tne present officers are : R. N. Jiawrance, Commander; F. Fisk, Senior Vice-Commander ; R. H. Kinman, Junior Vice-Commander ; Joel B. Paisley, Quartermaster ; J. C. Wallace, Surgeon; Albert Ritter, Chaplain; James Hill, Officer of the Day; J. R. Gillen, Officer of the Guard; J. 0. Hoover, Adjutant; SoL R. Smith, Sergeant-Major; S. J. Woland, Quartermaster-Sergeant. There were forty-two charter members, and fortytwo have been mustered by initiation.'or eighty-four in all, of whom sixtv are now active members. The post meets at G. A. R. Hall the first and third Tuesday evenings in each month.

1877. The present officers are : Vincent Cherney, Dictator; G. W. Webb, Vice-Dictator; S. Stern, Treasurer; M. Greisheim, Reporter; L. Rosenthal, Finance Reporter. The lodge has forty-one members, and meets the second and fourth Monday evenings of each month.

La Due, P. M. W.; C. M. Knapp, M. W.; A. H. Wiltz, Foreman; W. A. Coons, Overseer; George F. McAllister, Recorder; William K Bock, Financier; James Gr. Gillespie, Receiver; E. S. Hnkill, Guide; Levi M. Coons, L W.; Cyrus P. Green, O. W. The lodge has now sixty-five memljers in good standing, and meets the second and fourth Wednesday evenings of each month, at Odd Fellows' Hall. The present officers are ; John E. Eeed, M. W.; E. D. Shackleford, Foreman; E. B. Maltby, Overseer; A. H. Wiltz, Eecorder; T. P. Joseph, Receiver; W. O. Jones, Financier; George W. Esders, Guide; W. R. Lewis, L W.; Levi Forbis, O. W.

Liberty Lodge, No. 294, /. 0. B. B., was organized in 1878, with twenty-two members. There are now twenty members. The present officers are : Sam Stern, President ; S. Rosenthal, Vice-President ; 1. Altman, Secretary ; L. Rosenthal, Treasurer. The lodge meets the first and third Sundays of each mouth. Benevolence and charity are the purposes of this organization.

Division 1, A. 0. H., was organized April 5, 1881, with twelve members, which number is now increased to seventy. The preseut officers are : John Deiley, Co. Del. ; Walter Birmingham, President; James McNulty, Vice-President; Thomas Holmes, Recording Secretary; Henry Bushell, Financial Secretary; Patrick Lynn, Treasurer. The division meets twice a month at Lynn's Hall.

Lincoln Camp, JVo. 109, M. W. A., was organized August 24, 1885, with seventeen members. There are now twenty-five members. The present officers are : Robert Humphrey, Consul ; S. L. Wallace, Adviser; J. H. Heald, Clerk ; H. G. Bramwell, Banker ; R. M. Wilson, Physician ; H. C. Parker, Escort ; E. B. Maltby, Watchman ; E. L. Pegram, Sentry ; J. W. Spellman, F. L. Hutchins and R. N. Lawrance, Managers. The camp meets the second and fourth Tuesday evenings of each month at Odd Fellows' hall.

Bio&Eaphical

Daniel Baldwin was born near Burlington, Boone County, Kentucky, August 27, 1814. His parents, Daniel and Mary Ann (Peek) Baldwin, were natives of Virginia and New Jersey, respectively, the former of German and the latter of English descent.

He was reared on a farm in his native county, remaining there till 1833, when he came to Illinois. He followed farming in Tazewell County till 1850, when he came to Logan County and settled on a farm in Orvil Township, living there till 1870, when he rented his farm and retired from the active duties of life, and has since lived at Lincoln. He was first married to Hulda Ann Allen, of Logan County, March 10, 1841. She died September 10, 1844, leaving one child, David A., who died October 10, 1844, aged eighteen months. Mr. Baldwin was again married February 12, 1846, to Mrs. Sarah (Reed) Allen, daughter of John Eeed, who came to Logan County in 1827. To this union were born three children - Catherine R., who died January 5, 1854, aged seven years; Mary Francos, wife of James E. Strode, of Nebraska, and Susan C, who died January 2, 1854, aged eighteen months. Mrs. Baldwin had by her former husband, Qbid H. Allen, one child, Ann Eliza, who married Daniel B. Minster. Both are now deceased, and from 1862 until 1879 Mr. Baldwin was guardian of their daughter, Sarah A. E. Mr. Baldwin and his wife are members of the Predestinarian Baptist church of which he has served as deacon about fifteen years, and for at least twenty years has served as moderator. While living in Orvil Township Mr. Baldwin was school director for twenty years, and eight years of that time also served as school trustee. He was also clerk and treasurer of the Board of Highway Commissioners for one term each. He has served as alderman of Lincoln one term.

George I. Bergen^ dealer in books, stationery and musical merchandise, Lincoln, 111., is a native of Menard County, 111., born in Tallula, July 12, 1859. When he was eight years old his parents, James "W". and Lucretia (Curry) Bergen, moved to Logan County and settled on a farm in Sheridan Township, and when he was twelve years old moved to Mason City. When he was thirteen he began clerking for a news stand in Mason City and was thus employed two years. When seventeen years of age he went to New Holland, Illinois, and was employed as clerk in the store of Burchett & Co. four years. In February, 1881, he came to Lincoln and was employed as clerk in the book and stationery store of James H.Danley till June, 1885, when he became associated with B. H. Brainard in the book and stationery business under the firm name of George I. Bergen & Co. Mr. Bergen is a young man of good business ability and is building up a good trade. He is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian church. He is a charter member of the Young Men's Christian Association, of which he has been secretary since its organization in April, 1884. In politics he is a Republican.

Refrman BolUn, proprietor of Bollin's Soda and Mineral Water Bottling Works at Lincoln, was born in Eicliland, Sangamon County, Illinois, August 12, 1856, a son of John and Agnes (Schoendienst) Bollin. He came with his parents to Logan County in 1865, where he was reared on a farm in the vicinity of Lincoln, remaining at home till he grew to manhood. He was given a common-school education, and began life for himself as a farmer in Chester Township, this county. He came to Lincoln in December, 1881, and the following spring he engaged in the grocery business at this place which he followed till October, 1882, since which he has been engaged in manufacturing soda and mineral waters. He was married at Lincoln, June 3, 1880, to Miss Lena Lower, of Springfield, Illinois, and of the three children born to them only one, Flora, is living. George and Joseph died in infancy. Mr. Bollin is a member of the Catholic church. His wife is a member of St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church at Lincoln.

Jacob Bollin, proprietor of Bollin's saloon, Lincoln, was born in Baden, Germany, July 22, 1846. When he was six years old his parents, John and Agnes (Schoendienst) Bollin, came to America and settled in Toledo, Ohio, living there till 1855. They then came to Illinois, locating near Berlin, Sangamon County, and from there came to Logan County in the spring of 1865. Jacob Bollin remained with his parents till twenty years of age, when with their consent he engaged in business for himself, opening his present saloon in Lincoln. He was elected justice of the peace of West Lincoln Township in the spring of 1881, for a term of four years, and was re-elected to the same office in the spring of 1885. September 2, 1869, he was married to Elizabeth Bernritter, of Lincoln, a native of Germany. They have five children - Minnie, Dora, William, Amelia and Caroline. Mr. Bollin, although reared in the Catholic faith, is an attendant of the Lutheran church, to which church his wife and children belong. In politics he is a Democrat, and has frequently been a delegate to district and county Democratic conventions. He is a meihber of the Mozart Lodge, No. 345, I. O. 0. F., of which he is deputy. He has passed all the chairs in the subordinate lodge, and has been a representative to the grand lodge of the State of Illinois. He is also a member of Boone Encampment, No. 41, I. O. O. F., of which he has

John Bollin, deseased, was born in Baden, Germany, June 24, 1821, and was educated in the public schools of that country, and was reared to the occupation of farming. In 1848 he enlisted in the Kevolutionary war with General Seigel. In 1851 he came to America, landing in New York City, and from there went to Toledo, Ohio, and settled on a farm. In 1855 he came to Illinois, and lived in New Berlin, Sangamon County, till 1865, when he came to Logan County and settled in West Lincoln Township. In 1877 he retired from farming and moved to the city of Lincoln, where he died July 15, 1881. He was married in 1845 to Agnes Schoendienst. To them were born five children - Benjamin, on the old homestead; Jacob, a saloon-keeper of Lincoln; Mary, wife of Anton Homer, of Mt. Pulaski; Herman, manufacturer of mineral waters, and Joseph, who died in infancy.

George W. Bowers, of the firm Eckert & Bowers, proprietors of the City Meat Market, Lincoln, Illinois, is a native of Logan County, born in Atlanta, November 24, 1854, a son of John and Susan (Hays) Bowers. His parents were farmers and he was thus reared, living with them till manhood. He received a good education, completing it at the Atlanta High School. In 1872 he began butchering at Atlanta, and in 1876 removed to Lincoln, where he was employed by James Huber till 1879, when he went to Chicago and worked in the slaughter house of G. F. Swift a year. In 1880 he returned to Lincoln and was employed by Solomon Morris, Frank Hutter and others till September, 1882, when he went to Iowa, but remained only a short time, and on his return became associated with John Eckert, Jr., forming the present firm. They have one of the best markets in the city, their endeavor at all times being to give their customers the best of meat at the lowest prices, and thus they have worked up a good trade, which is constantly increasing. Mr. Bowers was married February 6, 1883, to Caroline Eeither, of Lincoln. They iiave two children - George and Del.

John T. Boyden, undertaker, Lincoln, was born near Conway, Franklin County, Massachusetts, September 5, 1849. He was reared on a farm till his fourteenth year, and was educated at a private school at Conway, and at Conway Academy. In his fifteenth year he was employed as a clerk in the wholesale boot and shoe store of Hixon, Burney & Shaw, at Springfield, Massachu- setts, for one year, and in 1864 he came to Logan County, Illinois. He located at Lincoln, where he clerked for Aogeson & Smith about six months when he went to McLean, McLean County, Illinois, and had charge of the elevator of H. F. Lewis & Co. for six months. He then went to Chicago where he was employed by the same firm as salesman on the Board of Trade for three years. In 1869 he returned to Lincoln and was employed as teller in the private bank of William F. Dustin for ten years. He then, in 1880, engaged in the undertaking business. In the fall of 1880 he was elected coroner of Logan County, and re-elected in 1882, serving in all four years. He was married at Lincoln, December 25, 1872, to Flora Warner. They have three children - Nellie Edna, George L. and John H. In politics Mr. Boyden is a Republican. He is a member of Lincoln Lodge, No. 204, I. O. O. F. He is also a member of Lincoln Lodge, No. 210, A. F. & A. M. ; Lincoln Chapter, No. 147, and Constantine Commandery, No. 51.