Logan County, Illinois - Chapter 6: Early Settlement - Continued, 1911

The year 1823 and thereabouts brought to Logan County a considerable number of settlers. The data concerning the settlement and family history of many have not been preserved, while that of others can only be ascertained with difficulty. Next to Robert Musick and Ezekiel Hopkins, in the Sugar Creek settlement, came Henry Lantis and wife, Elizabeth, from the State of Ohio. Mr. Lantis staked out a claim of nearly 300 acres in 1823, near the Musick's, in the northeastern corner of what is now West Lincoln township, Soon after he was joined by his brother, Daniel Lantis, who had brought his family from Ohio to Salt Creek, but who soon changed his location to that of his brother on Sugar Creek. He went to Champaign County in 1853, where he died in 1866. Henry Lantis also moved to Tazewell County in the fifties, where he died. In 1823, also came the McClures, Robert, Thomas, James and Samuel. They settled on claims on the north side of Salt Creek, west of the present Chautauqua grounds, and were the first pioneers to settle near the present site of the City of Lincoln. Robert McClure's wife's name was Nancy and Thomas McClure's wife was named Susannah. Robert McClure was one of the well known characters of early times. In 1824, he established, and, after that time, conducted the first ferry in what is now Logan County. This ferry was located about where Gov. Edward's army crossed Salt Creek, in 1812, at the time of the Indian uprising around Fort Clark. The County Commissioners of Sangamon County at their September term, in 1825, Sangamon then including Logan, ordered, as the records will show, "'that Robert McClure be authorized to establish and keep a ferry at his old ferry place on Salt Creek, and that he be allowed the following rates: Each man and horse, 12% cents; each man or other person, 614 cents; each head of neat cattle, 3 cents; each head of hogs or sheep, 2 cents; wagon and four horses, or other team loaded, 50 cents; wagon and team, without load, 37%4 cents; gig or dearborn, with two horses, 37% cents; gig or dearborn, with one horse, 25 cents; single horse, 614 cents." Robert Musick is officially given as security for Mr. McClure in these records. Robert McClure was also one of the road viewers of the "Springfield to Fort Clark" road laid out through what is now known as Logan County in 1825. This road led from Springfield to Elkhart, thence "by the old road to Mc- Clure's ferry on Salt Creek,'' thence to Robert Musick's and thence to Fort Clark, now Peoria. James and Robert Bracken seem to have been the first settlers in the western part of the county, in what is now Corwin Township. The former staked out his claim in section twenty-two and the latter in section twenty-one. William Long and William Mc- Graw came to the county about this time, and took an active part in the organization of the county later on. The latter located on the land now owned by the Lincoln Chautauqua Association. Boston Finders was an early settler. His wife, Sarah, was the first white person to die in Logan County and the manner of her burial has been referred to, in the letter of her niece, Mary Buckles, to the Old Settlers' Association, before given.

Samuel Musick was another well known early settler, who came to the county about 1823. He selected a location on the road running from Springfield to Fort Clark or Peoria, in what is now Corwin township, about a mile and a half north of the present site of Middletown. This was not the -Springfield-Peoria road before referred to, but a nearer route between these two points and running north and south, parallel to and not far from what is now the western boundary of Logan County. This road was a old time trail, later a county road and in 1827, by legislative enactment, it became a state road. It was in more recent years the stage line through Middletown, from Springfield to northern points. The legislative act creating this a state road was passed February 12, 1827, and provided that a "road be laid off and opened from Springfield to the town of Peoria, by way of Samuel Musick's on Salt Creek and Thomas Dillon's on Mackinaw Creek, and the same be and is hereby declared a state road." It was where this road crossed Salt Creek that Samuel Musick built his cabin and established both a ferry and a public inn, and here he furnished refreshment and shelter to man and beast. As a hostelry, his place became famous in early times and men whose names now; adorn the pages of history stopped and partook of his fare. It may be of interest to note that the County Commissioners of Sangamon County, on March 8, 1826, before Logan was formed, ordered on record "that Samuel Musick be authorized to keep a public house of entertainment, at his house on Salt Creek, and that he pay, as a tax, five dollars, and that he be allowed the following rates: Breakfast, dinner or supper, 25 cents; horse for the night, 25 cents; lodging for the night, 12% cents; whiskey, per half pint, 12% cents." The same board, on March 4, 1828, taxed Mr. Musick eight dollars for conducting a ferry, and allowed him the following rates: "Man and horse, 12% cents; footman, 614 cents; horse, mule or ass, 6% cents; each head of neat cattle, 5 cents; hogs, sheep or goats, per head, 2 cents; road wagon and team, four horses, 50 cents; two horse wagon, ox wagon or carriage, 25 cents; one horse and wagon, gig or vehicle, 1814 cents." In 1829, his public house tax was reduced to three dollars, and the following rates allowed: Breakfast, dinner or supper, 25 cents; lodging, 12% cents; feed for one horse, 1214 cents; French brandy, per half pint, 25 cents; peach brandy, per half pint, 12!4 cents; apple brandy, per half pint, 12% cents; Holland gin, per half pint, 1834 cents; domestic gin, per half pint, 1834 cents; rum, per half pint, 1834 cents; whiskey, per half pint, 12% cents." In 1831, Mr. Musick was authorized by the General Assembly of Illinois, to build a toll bridge over Salt Creek. This Act, passed January 7, 1831, provided that, "Samuel Musick be authorized to erect a toll bridge across Salt Creek, in Sangamon County, at or near the place on said Creek where the said Musick is authorized to keep a ferry and shall be authorized to place a toll gate at either end of said bridge." The law provided that the county was to have the right to purchase the toll bridge at original cost, and that the bridge was not 'to obstruct the free and safe passage over the ford in time of low water. Samuel Musick was probably a.distant relation of Robert Musick, of Sugar Creek. Lucinda Carlock, daughter of Robert Musick, says: "My father and old Sam talked their relationship over, but couldn't tell what the relation was; there was, however, a family resemblance." Samuel Musick's wife's name was Elizabeth.

Some time in 1824, Walter Dillon located near Samuel Musick's place on Salt Creek, and later in that year, or the early part of 1825, William Everly located in the Birks' settlement in the Lake Fork country. In the latter year the Bowmans, Abraham, Hiram and Elizabeth, made their first appearance in what is now Logan County. They came from Ohio. Abraham Bowman located about three miles east of Elkhart Grove. He was quite a prominent man in early days, being elected Justice of the Peace about 1827, and continuing in office until the organization of Logan County. Hiram Bowman was a Baptist preacher and he located a claim near the present site of Atlanta, which he sold to Samuel Hoblit. At Hiram Bowman's, the old New Castle Church was organized in 1836. He afterwards moved to Missouri. Ezekiel Bowman was one of the prominent public men of the county, down to the time of his death. He not only served as Justice of the Peace before the formation of the county, but he was Sheriff of Logan County after its organization, from 1846 to 1848 and again from 1852 to 1854. He was also School Commissioner of the county from 1844 to 1846. Thomas Briggs came from Kentucky about 1825 and located in what is now Broadwell Township, south of Rocky Ford. Here he erected a log house and made some improvements but soon after died. A few years later his brother, Charles L. Briggs, came from Kentucky and bought this tract of his brother's heirs and also entered another tract of about 600 acres. He moved his family into the log house. Charles L. Briggs was born in Warren County, Kentucky, January 22, 1804, and married Matilda Otey, who was born in Virginia. The marriage occurred March 23, 1826. Charles L. Briggs died at the home place in 1863. He was the father of ten children: William T., born October 6, 1835, and married June 16, 1870, to Martha Hartis of Kentucky; Martha, who married Charles Goldsmith; James O., who died in California in 1850; Charlotte M., who, in 1852, married J. R. Allen; Margaret A., who married George W. Webb; Julia O., who died in Missouri in 1858 and who had previously married Samuel Webb, who died in 1898; Charles L., who died in 1863; David, who was born in 1839 and who married Mary Petro; John, who died in 1862; and Hezekiah, who was a veteran in the Civil war and who married Elizabeth Kerns.

About the same time that Thomas Briggs settled in the western part of what is now Broadwell Township, Montgomery Warrick, a native of Virginia, located in the eastern part, southwest of the present site of Lincoln, and on section fourteen. Later he was joined by his brother, Jacob G. Warrick, who also located in what is now Broadwell Township. The latter was married in Indiana, to Elizabeth Skelton. He and his brother were both veterans of the Black Hawk war, in the same company with Abraham Lincoln. Jacob Warrick died in 1857, aged about fifty-five years, and his widow died in 1876, aged sixty-eight years. Of their children, Montgomery died in infancy; Sarah Jane was married to John Thomas; Robert and Emma died in childhood; John C. moved to Texas; William was in the Civil war and died in the service; Benjamin C. was born January 30, 1840, married Elizabeth Rankin, daughter of Edward Rankin, in 1861, and both now reside in Macoupin County; Mrs. Martha C. Cochran of McLean County, Mrs. Nancy E. Fletcher and Mrs, Louisa Turner, of Kansas. In 1826, Mathew and Polly Robb located on section thirty-four, in what is now West Lincoln Township, near the McClure settlement. Also about this time, the Laugherys, David and John, settled on Salt Creek, and John Studyoin, Ebenezer Rhoades and Elias Brock located just east of the present site of Middletown. John R. Burns and wife, Lucy, came from Virginia and settled in the Lake Fork country, as did also John Turner; and John Vandeventer and wife, Polly, settled near the present site of Lake Fork station. John Vandeventer erected a mill on Salt Creek, in the southeastern part of what is now Chester Township.

Probably the first settlement in what is now East Lincoln Township was made by Levi Johnson, October 28, 1826, the claim taken being north of Lincoln, near the present location of the Zion church. His wife's name was Barbara and his son Henry, born in 1809, was one of the well known early residents of the county. At a meeting of the Old

Settlers' Association in 1876, Henry Johnson, being called upon, said that during the winter of 1826, the prairies were burned off by the Indians, so as to drive the deer in the woods. The fences were burned, and it was with great difficulty the cabins were saved. He saw an Indian hunting pary one day' that had killed over two hundred deer. They did their milling at Elkhart, at first, but later a mill was built on Kickapoo Creek, using a hollow sycamore tree for the rim of the burr. He exhibited a vest which his father wore at his wedding two years before the Revolutionary war. Henry Johnson located in Lincoln in 1855, served in the Civil war and moved to Kansas in 1882, where he died in 1891.

The first settlements in what is now Eminence Township were made about 1826, by the Orendorffs, Christopher, Benjamin and Joseph, Samuel B. Ewing, Archy Brien, Robert Hanna, William Burt and others. Christopher Orendorff settled on section nine and here he built the famous "Orendorff's Mill," known to three generations of Logan County people. It has been since known as Morgan's Mill. It was the first water power grist mill in the county, the burrs being made from boulders gathered from Sugar Creek, upon which stream the mill was located. Benjamin and Joseph Orendorff were the sons of Christopher Orendorff and their mother's name was Elizabeth. They all came from North Carolina. Christopher Orendorff died in 1829, and his sons, Benjamin and Joseph, became joint owners of the mill. The former died in 1838. Joseph Orendorff was married to Elizabeth Stevens, a native of Henderson County, Ky. He died about 1855. His son, Alfred Orendorff, was a well-known attorney and public man in Springfield. He was born July 29, 1845, and died in 1909. Samuel Ewing came from Kentucky and entered land in section fifteen. Here he built a rude log cabin among the Indians, over a hundred of them coming at one time to his cabin to be fed. He had two sons and six daughters. One of his sons, Joseph, married Hettie, a daughter of Robert Musick. Another son, Ford Ewing, was a well known early settler. Archy Brian entered land in section twenty-one and Robert Hanna in section twenty-nine. William Burt located on section thirty-two, the town of Bloomingdale being afterwards located upon the land entered by him. Peter Whip and Mary Ann, his wife, settled the same year, southeast of Elkhart Grove, on section twenty-two, and Samuel Harper located on what is now the east line of Elkhart Township.

Conrad Critz settled just below Rocky Ford in 1827. He was a native of Peoria, where he was reared and married. He removed to Clark County, Ohio, and from there to this county. His wife died in Ohio and when he came here his children, five in number, had reached maturity. His son, John, accompanied him in 1827, the remaining children coming later. Conrad died in DeWitt County. John Critz was born in Ohio, June 6, 1806, was a volunteer in the Black Hawk war, and was married June 23, 1835, to Elizabeth Martin, who was born in Ohio, July 30, 1812. They settled on section four of what is now Broadwell Township, where John Critz died June 10, 1878. His wife died October 28, 1877. They left one surviving son, Peter, who was born in 1840. John Critz built a small pottery on Salt Creek. Peter Critz, also a son of Conrad Critz and a brother of John, was born October 29, 1804, and came to Logan County with his father in 1827. He was a bachelor. Berryman Boughan was another settler in this section in 1826 or 1827. He was also a native of Ohio and married Sarah Jane Lucas. They reared a family of eight children, two of whom, Lystra and Abraham, remained in Logan County. The former was born November 14, 1830, and was married to Sarah Jane Martin in 1852. William H. Boughan and wife, Catharine, also settled in this county in 1827 and entered land on section eighteen of what is now Broadwell Township. This was in the Briggs neighborhood, south of below Rocky Ford, and in what is now Corwin Township, and Jesse Sutton and wife purchased Ebenezer Rhoades' claim in section twenty and located thereon.

William Glenn and his son, David A., both of whom, with their descendants, had much to do with the history of Middletown and Corwin Townships, were arrivals in Logan County in 1827. They came from Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, and the same year they arrived, William Glenn entered nearly 500 acres of land, in what is now Corwin Township. Subsequently they entered other land in the County. William Glenn made his home on section twenty, south of Salt Creek, where the family lived many years and where the mother died. He died at the residence of his daughter-in-law, Lucy N. Glenn, at Middletown, September 11, 1853, aged seventy-five years. Mr. and Mrs. Glenn were the parents of eleven children. Soon after coming to the county, Mr. Glenn erected a mill which was known as Glenn's Mill. The Commissioners' Court of Sangamon County in June of 1828 ordered a road "from Miller's Ford on the Sangamon to Sugar Grove, thence to Irish Grove, thence to Glenn's Mill, thence to cross Salt Creek at Rocky Ford and thence to Robert Musick's on Sugar Creek." The records also show that on March 8, 1833, William Glenn appeared before the court and moved for a writ to view another proposed site for a dam on Salt Creek, which was granted. David A. Glenn, son of William Glenn, was born in Pennsylvania, December 31, 1809, was married May 13, 1840, to Lucy Nash Church, who was born in Massachusetts in 1817. Mr. Glenn died December 12, 1850, leaving two sons, Charles and James A. Glenn. In 1854, his widow married George D. Glenn, also a son of

The first settlements in what is now Atlanta Township were made in 1826 and 1827 by John Hoblit, Benjamin Shipley, John Barr, Andrew C. Davis, Adam Stevens, and others hereafter named. John Hoblit was the son of Michael and Catharine Hoblit. He had eight brothers and sisters, viz.: Boston, William, David, Elizabeth, Catharine, Mary, Margaret and Sarah. His father, Michael, died in Pennsylvania, whereupon his mother first moved to Kentucky, later to Ohio, in which latter state she died. John Hoblit married Millicent Steward, who was born in 1872, and they had eleven children, all born in Ohio. They all accompanied their parents to Logan County and their names were as follows: Timothy B., Sarah, Mary, Samuel, Mahlon H., Elizabeth, James L., Nancy, Catherine, John A., and Millicent. In 1826, John Hoblit came from Ohio to Illinois, on a prospecting tour. With him came his son, Samuel, and Michael Mann, a Baptist preacher, who will be referred to again. They had but two horses for the three of them and they took turns in walking. Mr. Hoblit staked out two claims of eighty acres each, in sections twenty-seven and thirty-three. After locating his claim, he went back to Ohio, and in 1829 brought to the new country his wife and his unmarried children. The married children and their wives or husbands, together with their families, came about the same time. All settled in what is now Atlanta Township. Sarah, sister of John Hoblit, and her husband, Thomas Lucas, also came, but they settled in the Lake Fork country. John Hoblit remained upon his farm until his death, September 5, 1844, and was buried in a cemetery near Atlanta, which had been donated for burial purposes by his son, Samuel. His widow, Millicent Hoblit, died May 14, 1855. Of the children, Samuel Hoblit, who came with his father in 1826, was born in Clinton County, Ohio, January 17, 1805. He was married to Abigal Downey, January 4, 1827. She was born in Ohio, November 16, 1807, and was the oldest daughter of James and Mary Downey.

After his first trip to this county in 1826, Samuel Hoblit returned to Ohio, and two years after his marriage he and his wife came with the remainder of the Hoblit family back to Illinois. They settled near the Big Grove on the Kickapoo, not far from the present site of Atlanta. Here Samuel Hoblit entered forty acres of timber and forty of prairie, paying $1.25 an acre. To pay this, he borrowed the money of his father, who had brought $500.00 with him. He at once cleared five acres of land, built a small cabin and began life with his wife, one child and one dollar in silver. The following summer he planted a crop and built a hewed log house, in the edge of the timber, moving into the house the day of the "deep snow." It was for years the largest house in the community. Being a wheelwright by trade, in addition to the work of attending to the farm, he made furniture, reels, wheels, wagons and the like. Some of his handiwork is preserved by his descendants and others. In 1839 he built a large two-story house on the State road, where he frequently entertained Lincoln, Douglas, Davis, Treat, Stuart and lesser legal lights, enroute to court, from Postville to Bloomington. Here he also built a shop. In 1850, he sold his home farm for twenty dollars an acre and moved to the Downey farm, southwest of Atlanta, where he died May 26, 1866. He weighed 363 pounds at the time of his death. By his will, he left $1,000.00 to the Atlanta Baptist church. His wife survived him until 1888, when she passed away. Timothy B. Hoblit, another son of John Hoblit, married Barbara Bickel in 1822 and they came from Ohio to Illinois in 1827. With them came Benjamin F. Shipley, who had married Sarah, a daughter of John Hoblit. They first located near the present site of Springfield, but in the spring of 1829, came up to the Kickapoo timber and entered land in section twenty-one, near the present site of Atlanta. Here they built cabins and planted a crop of corn. Timothy Hoblit died Oct. 23, 1854, and his widow moved to Iowa. Mary Hoblit, daughter of John, married Adam Stevens in Ohio, and they came to this county with Samuel Hoblit, in 1829, staking out a claim on section twenty-three. The remainder of the children married after coming to Illinois.

Mahlon H. Hoblit married Mary Ann Thomas. He was prominent in early days and was a Justice of the Peace, when what is now Atlanta Township, was, at different times, parts of the counties of Tazewell, McLean and DeWitt. He moved to Minnesota in 1857, where he died. Elizabeth Hoblit married Hardy Turner, who was born Sept. 15, 1812, and came to this county, with his parents, in 1830. The marriage occurred in 1833. In 1837, they settled on the Turner farm near the present site of Atlanta, and here built one of the first brick houses in this part of the state, part of the material having been hauled from Chicago with ox teams. Mr. Turner built the Big Grove Baptist church, the first church in that region. He also drove cattle over the plains to California, in 1854, taking five months. Mr. and Mrs. Turner lived together forty-two years and had nine children. James L. Hoblit was born in Greene County, Ohio, April 3, 1813. He was twice married. His first wife was Catherine Larison, to whom he was married January 2, 1833, and who died in September, 1865. He was again married January 22, 1868, to Mrs. Lucinda Sutherland, a daughter of Abraham Staples. Nancy Hoblit was also born in Ohio and married Spencer Turner, after coming with her parents to this county. Catharine Hoblit was born in Ohio in 1824 and was married to Thomas J. Larison in 1839. Mr. Larison was also born in Ohio in 1817, coming to this county in 1830. He was Sheriff of Logan County from 1854 to 1856, and again from 1858 to 1860, and was deputy sheriff in the two years intervening. In 1861, he raised a company of cavalry and was promoted from Captain to Major. John E. Hoblit was born in Ohio, December 31, 1817, and was married September 12, 1838, to Rachel Larison. The latter died March 7, 1876, and in 1881 Mr. Hoblit married Mrs. Presha Bush. One of his sons was James T. Hoblit, a well known attorney, who has served several terms as county judge of Logan County, besides occupying other positions of trust and honor. Millicent Hoblit was but four years of age when she came with her parents to Illinois. She afterwards married A. E. Martin. - Prettyman Marvel and wife located on the Kickapoo in February of 1826, near the eastern limits of the county. The night of their arrival in the county, they scraped away the snow from beside a big log, kindled a fire, wrapped themselves in their blankets and slept during the night. They came from Gibson, Ind. They afterwards moved to Waynesville, where Mr. Marvel died in 1842. One week after their arrival, John Barr and wife, Comfort, came from the same place and located near them. They came in an ox cart and camped out while on the way. Andrew C. Davis and wife, Anna, located about the same time on section thirty-three, south of the present site of Atlanta. In 1827, John Reed, known as "Uncle John" Reed, settled on Sugar Creek. He was born in Pennsylvania in 1796, and was married to Catharine Lantis in 1817, at Springfield, Tennessee, the young couple having eloped and traveled a distance of fifty miles on horseback, riding double, to have the ceremony performed. In 1827, both came to Logan County, with their four children, Samuel, Sarah, Daniel and Joseph. There were born to them, after coming to this county, Susannah, Henry, Abraham, Catharine and William. When Mr. Reed came to the county he had only a team and wagon, ten dollars in money and the above family. They did their early trading and got their mail at Springfield. They went to mill to the Meadow's Mill on the Sangamon, and it was the rule that only one bushel of grain, to an individual, could be ground at atime. It often happened that a trip would last three days for a single grist. Meadows, who kept this mill, was afterwards drowned in Salt _ Creek, while fording the creek with a load of salt. Mr. Reed used to tell of the first box of lucifer matches he ever saw. That was in 1836. He bought them of the Stone Brothers at Postville and paid twentyfive cents for a small box. They were called "locofoco matches" and there was a piece of sand paper to pull the matches through. Mr. Reed moved to Lincoln in 1856, where his wife died June 7, 1859. Mr. Reed 'died in Lincoln, October 30, 1892, being over ninety-six years of age, and at his death his descendants numbered ten children, forty-six grandchildren, sixty-five great-grandchildren and two great-great grandchildren. One of his sons, Joseph, was an early publisher of the Lin-

Another well known and quite numerous family which settled in the Lake Fork country in 1828, was the Lucas family. Abraham Lucas, the progenitor, was born in New Jersey, married Marcy Kelsey, and removed in an early day to Ohio, living principally in Greene County. Twelve children were born to them and their sons were Joseph, Thomas, Jesse K., James, John and Jabez. In 1825, Abraham Lucas and family moved from Ohio to what is now Menard County, then Sangamon, near the present site of Athens. From there they went to Fancy Creek, in Sangamon County, where they spent a few months, and from there they came to this county. Here the old people died and they, with most of their children, are buried in Steenbergen Cemetery. One of the best known representatives of this family was John Lucas, son of Abraham. He was born in Ohio, in 1801, and married Sarah Bowman, daughter of Richard and Mary Bowman. The latter was born in Kentucky, May 27, 1799. On settling in Logan County in 1828, John Lucas built a double log house. He was prominent in the political life of the county. He was elected Justice of the Peace when twenty-one years of age, and held the office during most of his life. He was Sheriff of Logan County from 1844 to 1846 and a member of the Legislature from 1848 to 1850. He died April 23, 1855, leaving eight children: Mary, born May 26, 1824, married to Isom Birks in 1839; Elizabeth, born April 8, 1827, married R. S. Scroggin; Hannah, born March 2, 1829, married Henry Reed and died in Iowa, December 2, 1870; Thomas, born April 14, 1831, | and died February 19, 1855; Caleb K., born February 14, 1833, and married Ellen, youngest daughter of Carter T. Scroggin, February 11, 1859; John, born March 3, 1835, and died in 1869; Jane, born February II, 1837, and married A. R. Dalton; Sarah, born September 22, 1841, and married Benjamin Detzler. The widow of John Lucas was married a second time to Michael Mann and died October 9, 1867. Jesse K., brother of John Lucas, was born in 1807, in Greene County, Ohio. He married Jane, daughter of Richard and Mary Bowman. John and Jesse K., brothers, thus married sisters. Jesse K. died December 6, 1874, leaving nine children: Sarah; Richard B.; Abraham H., born July 18, 1833, and married, in 1861, to Mary J. Brock; Mary J., married R. Conoway; Amanda, married J. Nicholson; Marcy, married William Chrystolier; Thomas, died in infancy; Hannah E., married John Roberts; and Phebe. Joseph Lucas, another brother of John, was born in New Jersey and married Sarah Price, who was also born in New Jersey. They first settled in Irish Grove, later in Pekin, and then came to Logan County. His son, George, was one of the head carpenters in the erection of the old State House, now the Court House at Springfield, Thomas Lucas, who married Sarah Hoblit, and came to Logan County, from Ohio, with the Hoblit family in 1829, has already been mentioned. One of his sons, Allen Lucas, held the office of member of the Legislature from this district in 1880.

Robert Cass entered land in section thirty-two in what is now Mt. Pulaski Township in 1827. He was born in 1768 in North Carolina, was married in 1790 to Lucy Riley, moved to Kentucky, where they had four children and where his wife died in 1809. He married again, his second wife being Mary Boggs. They came to Buffalo Hart Grove in 1826, to which place they afterwards returned, and where Robert Cass died in 1852, and Mary Cass in 1840. James and Ninian R., sons of Robert Cass, remained in this county. The former married Ann Hood. Several years after her death, he married Amanda McKinney. His son, Frank D., was born in 1832 and married Sarah G. Landis in 1858. He practiced medicine in Mt. Pulaski. John Cass was born in 1820, and married Mary J. Burns in 1847. Ninian R. Cass was born in 1806 and married Mary Wade. They had seevn children: Thomas F., died in 1849; George W., married Martha J. Turley; Emily married Daniel Dunn; Lucy, born in 1836, married Strother G. Jones; Caroline, born in 1838; Sarah A., born in 1840, married Simpson Constant; Robert, who died in the service during the Civil War. Mary Wade Cass, the mother, died in 1848, and a few years later, Ninian R. Cass married Elizabeth Swing. He died at Mt. Pulaski in 1872. In 1827, Thomas R. Skinner and Isaac L. Skinner located in what is now Mt. Pulaski township, the former on sections four and five, and the latter on seventeen. Thomas R. Skinner was one of the prominent men of the county. He was elected the first County Surveyor of Logan County and held the office from 1839 to 1843. When the office of County Judge was created in 1849, he was elected first incumbent of that office and served until 1857, the year of his death. In 1827, Samuel Reid, Randolph Rose and John Johnson all entered land in sections eleven and twelve in what is now Eminence Township and near the present location of Mountjoy Station. William Herford, about the same time, entered land in that part of Eminence Township, which was then a part of Tazewell County and which now borders on the McLean County line; Samuel Foster staked out a claim on the east fork of Salt Creek, just east of the present site of Broadwell; and Peter Bashaw and James Garvin and wife, Polly, located in what is now Corwin Township. In 1825, John Musick came from Indiana to this county. He was born in 1807 and married Mary Johnson in 1830.

In the year 1827, Carter T. Scroggin came to what is now Logan County. His father, Humphrey Scroggin, was a native of North Carolina and married Sarah Kirby, a native of Virginia. Humphrey Scroggin had the distinction of serving in the Continental Army, having enlisted at the age of seventeen and serving through the Revo- lutionary War. He was present and witnessed Lord Cornwallis surrender the British Army to George Washington, at Yorktown. Later, Humphrey Scroggin moved with his family to Kentucky. At the very early date of 1811, they came to what is now Gallatin County, in the State of Illinois. Then it was the Territory of Illinois and contained less than 15,000 white inhabitants. Carter T. Scroggin was born in Kentucky in 1796, and came with his parents to the Territory of Ihnois. Here in Gallatin County, he met and married Phebe Shelby, a native of North Carolina, who had come to Illinois with her father, Jacob Shelby. In 1827, Carter and Phebe Scroggin came to what is now Logan County, staked out a claim in the Lake Fork timber, about four miles south of the present site of Mt. Pulaski, and built an unhewn log cabin, with a puncheon floor. In the fall preceding "the deep snow," in 1830-31, he built a comfortable hewed log house on the same site, where passers-by found a hospitable welcome. Carter Scroggin died in 1859, and his wife died in 1876, and both are buried in the Steenbergen Cemetery. They were the parents of the following children: Leonard K., Mary A., Russell L., Humphrey, Esther J., Sarah E., Carter T., Pleasant M., Thomas J., and Ellen C.

Carter Scroggin left 600 acres of valuable land to his children. Of his children, Leonard K. Scroggin is now in his ninety-first year, still hale and hearty. He is today the richest man in Logan County and one of the most extensive owners of Illinois land in the entire state. He was born in Gallatin County, Illinois, January 25, 1819, and came to this county with his parents in 1827. In 1841 he married Levina, daughter of Robert Buckles, who died January 16, 1863. After the death of his first wife, he married Mrs. Rhoda A. Pickering, widow of Thomas Pickering and a daughter of George Girtman. He established the Farmer's Bank in Mt. Pulaski in 1872, and in 1878 built the brick building in which is located the bank, opera house and hotel. He has been the parent of thirteen children: Alfred C., Mary, Elise, Angeline, Phoebe, Sarah, Leonard, Susan, Benjamin, Evaline, Herbert, Thomas A. and Edna. Of the other children of Carter Scroggin, Russell was born in 1823 and was married to Elizabeth Lucas in 1846. To them were born six children. The mother died in 1889. Russell Scroggin was married a second time to Mrs. Stipps. Sarah E. Scroggin was born in 1830, was married to John Lucas and to them were born ten children. She died in Nebraska in 1883. Pleasant M. Scroggin was born in 1835 and was married to Mary Birks in 1863. She died shortly after marriage, leaving no children. Moving to Iowa, Pleasant Scroggin afterwards married Sarah Howard and to them were born nine children. From Iowa, he went to Oregon, where both he and his wife died in the year 1894. Carter T. Scroggin, Jr., was born in 1838, married Emily Ridgeway in 1865, and to them were born ten children. Mrs. Scroggin died in 1891 and is buried in the Steenbergen cemetery. Mr. Scroggin afterwards married Mrs. Lida Burcham. Humphrey Scroggin was born in 1825, married Sarah Lucas in 1844 and to them were born three children. He died in 1859 and is buried in the Steenbergen Cemetery. Thomas Scroggin was born in 1841, married Rebecca Birks in 1865, and to them were born three children. Ellen Scroggin was born in 1849 and married Caleb Lucas. There also came to this county in 1828, John Scroggin, who was born in 1809, married Emily Turley in 1835 and died in 1873. They had seven children: James K., Lucy M., Sarah, Nancy E., and three who died in infancy. John Scroggin was a veteran in the Black Hawk War.

Charles F. Ewing came to Logan County from Kentucky in 1828 and settled on section fifteen, in what is now Eminence Township. He was one of the most influential men in the early days and at one time owned over 1,500 acres of land in the county. His wife, Mary, accompanied him to Illinois. He was prominent as a Whig in early politics and served the district in the Legislature from 1842 to 1844. He died in 1870, Edward S. Ewing was his son and-was born in 1848 and died in 1882. About the same time that Charles F. Ewing settled in Eminence Township, John Ewing settled in the same township, but further south on section thirty-three, just west of the present site of Lawndale. John Ewing was born in 1784 in Eastern Tennessee. In 1804 he volunteered in the Indian campaign and served during the War of 1812. He married Elizabeth Dillard, a native of North Carolina. They lived for a while in White County, Illinois, having come to. Illinois while it was yet a territory. Here, Christopher C. Ewing, his, son, was born in 1818. When John Ewing and his family settled here,. the Indians were their neighbors and were often troublesome, even quarrelsome. The Black Hawk War broke out the year following their settlement, and the oldest son enlisted and served to its close. In the summer of 1835, Christopher C. Ewing and his brother hauled a load of wheat to Chicago. They drove an ox team and were two weeks in making the trip and six weeks in completing the journey home. They sold their wheat at seventy-five cents a bushel and loaded their wagom with salt, sugar, coffee and the like. Chicago was then a small village. with two or three grocery stores on the north side of the river, a dry goods store and a grocery store on the south side, the river being spanned. by a single bridge. Fort Dearborn was located there, to keep the Indians in check. There was a small store at Bloomington and one at. Joliet, also a store at Pekin, but when wheat would bring seventy-five. to ninety cents in Chicago, it would only bring fifty to sixty cents in Pekin, while supplies were cheaper in Chicago, hence the settlers would often make the longer trip to market. There were four children in John Ewing's family, beside Christopher C., namely: Osborn and,

James, who moved to Kansas; Sidney, who moved to Iowa, and William, who moved to Kansas. Christopher Ewing remained with his parents until his majority. In 1838 he was elected a captain of militia, Thomas R. Skinner being Colonel of the regiment. In 1842 he was married to Margaret Ann Williams. Two years later he was elected Justice of the Peace, which office he retained four years. In 1849 his wife died, leaving two children. He was re-married to Adaline Metcalf, who died in 1877. In 1878 he married Elizabeth Ellis, a native of Ohio. Mr. Ewing died February 9, 1887, leaving a widow and twelve children. In 1849 he was elected an Associate Justice to the County Judge, the County Court, under the law in force at that time, consisting of the County Judge and two Associate Justices. He served until 1853. In a letter to the Old Setttlers' Association of the county, Mr. Ewing said :

"T emigrated with my parents from Tazewell County about May. 30, 1829. We settled upon the border of Kickapoo, about one mile west of where Lawndale now stands. My father brought with him about 150 head of cattle, besides other stock. We had to settle on raw land, there being little cultivated. We broke 'sod and planted sod-corn about the twenty-fifth of June, on which to winter our stock. The fall was very favorable and the corn matured well. There was any quantity of blue-stem prairie grass, and of this we availed ourselves abundantly. Yet we had to buy corn and haul it four miles. Cooking stoves were rarely seen and a match hadn't yet been thought of. On our long trips to Chicago, we had to keep a supply of flints, steel, tow and punk." Mr. Ewing died February 9, 1887, leaving a widow, Elizabeth Ewing, and twelve children.

Reference has been before made to Michael Mann, who came with Samuel Hoblit, on a prospecting tour in 1826, returning to Ohio again, but coming back to this county and permanently locating in 1829. His brother Abram accompanied him. Michael Mann was a Baptist preacher and, in 1830, organized the Big Grove Baptist church, one of the first regular church organizations in the county. He also staked out a claim in the lower Lake Fork country. In 1839, he was elected the first Probate Justice of Logan County, being an office analagous to the present County Judge. He was married to the widow of John Lucas, formerly Sarah Bowman. About the year 1828, George D. Sims and William Davenport located east of the present site of Atlanta; Lewis and Luther Barney, George Girtman and John Williams entered land in what is now Mt. Pulaski township; Preston Pendleton and Nicholas Moore in what is now Chester township; Oliver and Phinney Johnson in what is now Eminence township and Champney Pendleton in what is now Corwin township; John Edwards and William Sturdivan also bought out claims in the latter township. Preston

Pendleton and wife, Rebecca, came from Kentucky, They afterwards moved to the Big Grove on the Kickapoo, where Mr. Pendleton died in 1871. George Girtman came from Missouri and the Barneys from Indiana. The former was famous in early times for the excellent buckskin he prepared and was largely worn by the young men. Nicholas Moore afterwards went to Iowa, where he died. Charles Council and Abram Vandeventer came in 1827 or 1828. Solomon and Jeremiah Dixon came from Kentucky, about the same time, locating on Sugar Creek. The former moved to Kansas, where he died in 1897; the latter died in this county. One Zion Sugars built a small corn mill on the Kickapoo in 1828. It was run by water, had one set of stones and was one of the first mills in the county. It was afterwards changed to a saw-mill. Samuel G. Martin came to the county from Ohio, about 1828. He was born in 1805, married Sarah Jane Martin and died in 1884. His wife died in 1844. Their daughter, Helen, married Abram Boughan.

Two other well known pioneers, who came in 1828, were Samuel Evans and Philip Suiter. Samuel Evans was born in 1805 and first located on Salt Creek, in what is now Chester Township. Later he moved to what is now part of the State Asylum Farm, on Salt Creek, near Lincoln. Near this farm he established a ferry, which carried passengers and freight across Salt Creek at the place where the covered bridge is now located, at the foot of Union Cemetery hill. This ferry was famous in early times. The Commissioners of Sangamon County licensed this ferry and allowed Mr. Evans to charge the following rates: "For each man and horse, 12%4 cents, each footman, 6%4 cents; each horse, mule or ass, 644 cents; each head of neat cattle, 5 cents; each hog, sheep or goat, 2 cents; each road wagon and team, four horses, 50 cents; each two-horse wagon, carriage or ox team, 25 cents; and each one horse gig, wagon or vehicle, 1834 cents." Jacob G. Warrick was Mr. Evan's bondsman and the latter was charged a tax of two dollars a year, for the privilege of conducting the ferry. In the thirties, this ferry was supplanted by a toll bridge, reference to which will be found in another chapter. Samuel Evans died March 30, 1847, being but forty-five years of age. His wife, Lucy Evans, died January 24, 1863, at the age of fifty-four. Both are buried in Union Cemetery at Lincoln. One standing by Mr. Evans' grave can see the exact spot, just below it, and over the brow of the beautiful hill, where the rude ferry, which he operated in early days, carried the early settlers to and fro across the waters, - a fitting location indeed for his last resting place. Three children of Mr. and Mrs. Evans, Eliza, Polly and Archer, all dying in their youth are also buried by their parents' side. Philip Suiter, above referred to, was the original Rocky Ford man. He located south of the ford and established in an early day, a ferry across

Salt Creek at that place. The records of the Commissioners' Court of Sangamon County show that the following rates were allowed him: "For each man and horse, 12% cents; each footman, 6% cents; each single horse, 6% cents; each head of neat cattle, 3 cents; each hog, sheep or goat, 2 cents; each wagon and team of four head of brutes, 50 cents; each additional yoke or span, 634 cents; each two-horse wagon or pleasure carriage, 25 cents." The license concludes, "when the river overflows a second bank, on the south side, and after sun-down and before sunrise, double these rates," whatever that meant.

Shortly after John Reed located in the county, he went back east and on his return, his brother-in-law, Abraham Altic, and the family of the latter, came with Mr. Reed. Abraham Altic was a native of Pennsylvania, as was also his wife, Elizabeth. They moved from Pennsylvania to Kentucky and from there to this county in 1829, locating on Sugar Creek, where they built a log house and remained all winter. They then bought the McClure place on Salt Creek, where the first ferry in Logan County was established. Mr. Altic brought many head of stock with him, but they all died in one season. Out of Mr. Altic's family of ten, all but one were sick, at one and the same time, with fever and ague. In 1835, they moved to section ten, in what is now West Lincoln township, where Mr. Altic died in 1844, aged fifty-six. His widow lived until 1882, and died at the home of her son Abraham, at the age of ninety-four. Most of the children died in early youth. Elizabeth married David Eveland. John Altic, born in Kentucky in 1825, came with his parents in 1829. He was an early Methodist preacher. He married Nancy Jane, daughter of Peter and Lucinda Rudolph. Peter and Lucinda Rudolph and family came from Virginia to White County, Illinois, at a very early day, and came to this county about the time of the "deep snow." With them also came David Rudolph, a brother of Peter. Lucinda Rudolph died in 1844 and Peter Rudolph died in Missouri in 1885. They had five sons in the Union Army, one son, Henry, being killed at Atlanta, Ga., in 1863. Another son, Jacob T. Rudolph, settled in Lincoln one year after it was laid out as a town. He was elected Justice of the Peace in 1873 and has held the position continuously ever since. About 1829, John Downey, a well known pioneer, located on section thirty-three in what is now Atlanta township, just south of the present site of Atlanta. In the same township, about the same time, entries of land were made by Allen Mc- Coy, William Copeland, Samuel Roberts, William Barr and Valentine A. Sablett. In addition, entries of land were made, in 1829, by Charles Barney, Charles Brady and Abraham Lucas in what is now Mt. Pulaski township; Andrew Lee in what is now Chester; Henry Kim in East Lincoln; Oliver and Nathaniel P. Johnson, David G. Thompson, John G. Adams, Caty Mishler, Finis Ewing and James Pierce in Eminence;

Abraham Bowman in Elkhart; George M. Cowardin, Jason White and Isaac Montgomery in Broadwell; Henry Lantis, Jr., and William Mc- Graw in West Lincoln; William Hickman, Peter Nash and Joseph G. Walker in what is now Corwin township. William Ryan, familiarly known as "Pap" Ryan, came from Kentucky, with his family, about the same time. He was a well known character in early days. He afterwards died in Missouri. Zachariah Martin located in what is now Corwin township. He was born in Virginia, moved to Ohio and married Elizabeth Price, a native of Virginia. Both he and his wife died in this county, at the age of seventy-two and eighty-four respectively. They were survived by three children: Mary, who married J. Langston and moved to Missouri; Mrs. Rachel Price and Zachariah. The latter was born in 1823 and was married to Margaret Baughan, daugh. ter of Berryman Baughan, who died in 1848.

About 1829 or 1830, David Sims came here from Morgan County, Ill. He was born in Virginia in 1801, came to Kentucky in 1819, where he married Elizabeth Elston in 1822. They came to Morgan County in 1825, bringing themselves, three children and their worldly possessions, in a three-wheeled cart. Four or five years later, they came to this county, Elijah Friend coming with them. Each made a claim and built a cabin. A note of hand of his is yet in the family, which he gave for a loan of 75 cents, the money being used for postage on three letters. His first plow had a wooden mold-board and his first cart had wheels sawed off the end of oak logs, a foot thick at the hubs and beveled down to three inches at the rim. When not greased, its squeak could be heard a great distance. In 1846, he gave ten milch cows for a spoke wagon. Fat steers weighing from 1,200 to 1,400 pounds, sold at $16, and all other live stock in prooprtion. In 1838, his house and all contents burned. He died in 1880 and his wife in 1872. John Metcalf came from North Carolina to Illinois, when Illinois was still a territory. He was born in the former state, in 1798, and came, with his parents, to what is now Saline County, Ill, in 1807. In 1830, he moved with his family to what is now Logan County, and settled on the Kickapoo, five miles north and one mile east of the present site of Lincoln, where -he died in 1851. He left thirteen children. He took an active part in securing a division of Sangamon County and as a result, the creation of Logan County. His son, John S. Metcalf, was postmaster at Lincoln, from 1861 to 1869. R. Metcalf and I. Metcalf entered land on section 32, in what is now Eminence township, T. Metcalf on section three, of what is now West Lincoln township, and William J. Metcalf in East Lincoln township.

Solomon Wood entered a claim, in 1829, close to Rocky Ford. He was a well known pioneer and was Coroner of Logan County from 1840 to 1844. Reuben B. Ewing entered land, the same year, on section three, in what is West Lincoln township. He was also a prominent man in the county, being County Judge from 1857 to 1869. He was born in Tennessee, in 1801, and came to White County, Ill, in 1809, and from that county to what is now Logan County in 1830. Soon after entering land here, he went to Moultrie County, where he was elected to the Legislature. Returning to Logan County, he was elected County Judge as before stated. He died July 10, 1876. Joseph Pence entered land in what is now Corwin township, in 1830. His daughter, Elizabeth, came with him, and was married to George Lucas in 1837. Mr. Lucas died in 1895. The first land entries in Prairie Creek.were made in 1830, the first patents being taken out by Hiram Watson and J. Williams. About the same time, Andrew Scott, John Slatton and Stephen Jones entered land, in what is now Atlanta township; Gershorn Payne and John Downing, in Chester township; Thomas Stroud, Tavern B. and M. R. Anderson, George W. Miles, Charles Council and Joseph Reece, in Eminence township; John C. and Edmund D. Taylor and Benjamin Hider, in West Lincoln township and Preston Pendleton and James Breeding, in what is now Corwin township. George W. Read came with his parents to the county about the time of "the deep snow" and now resides in Lincoln. He was Supervisor for Broadwell township for a number of years.

Andrew Brock and wife came to the county about 1829. He was born in North Carolina, moved to Ohio, later to Indiana, then to Illinois. He settled at Big Grove, near the present site of Atlanta. He died in 1863 and his wife died in 1858. The Kickapoo Indian trail ran close to the Brock home and they had a camp near what is now the Fairview Church. A neighbor of the Brocks was one day attacked by five wolves. Their son, William N. Brock, born in 1829, married Francis Scott. After her death, he married Katherine Robinson. Francis M. Brock was born in Indiana, in 1819, was married in 1840, to Mary Ackerson, who was born in 1822. He was married a second time to Mary McElhiney. About the same year, Eli Fletcher entered land, in what is now Chester township. He was born in Kentucky in 1800. In 1828, he married Marion McKay, born in 1808 in Virginia. Shortly after the marriage, Mr. Fletcher rode on horseback, from Kentucky to this county. The first winter was passed in an unfinished log cabin, but in 1830, he erected a hewed log house, which his family occupied until 1876, when it burned. He died in 1858 and his wife in 1878. They left five surviving children: Ann E.; Moses H.; Martin V.; Mary and Sarah. Nathan Barnett and Milton Rayburn came to what is now Corwin township, the winter before "the deep snow." Robert Rayburn, the father of Milton, had entered land in the county, about a year previous. Robert Rayburn died, at the home of his son, in 1836. Robert Rayburn was born in Kentucky in 1799 and, in 1821, married Jane

Barnett, also a native of Kentucky. Three children accompanied them to this county: Robert, Nathan and Jones, the youngest a babe in arms. Milton settled in Irish Grove, but in what is now Logan County. He died in 1872, his wife having died several years previous. Of their children, born in Kentucky, Robert was born in 1826, served in the Mexican War, was postmaster at Middletown in 1864, and married Isabelle R. Snyder in 1848. She died in 1878. Robert Rayburn died Oct. 10, 1910. Nathan removed to Iowa and James to Menard County. Two other children, born in this county, were Lucinda, who married David Stone and Elizabeth, who married Henry Post. Joseph H. Rayburn also came from Kentucky and located east of the present site of Middletown. He was married to Rachel Bird. Seven children were born to them: Ann H., who married Henry Snyder; William J., who married Eliza Jane Baxter and moved to Oregon; Logan B., who married Martha E. Boyce; John M.; Malvina J., who died in infancy; George T., who married Mary E. Kelsey, in 1864; and Margaret S.

James and Brooks Randolph, brothers, also came to Logan County just before "the deep snow." James Randolph was born in Virginia in 1806 and 1824, married Nancy Maria Woodward, who was born in Virginia in 1807. He died in 1852, leaving seven surviving children: Francis J., William P., James S., Willoughby T., Valentine C., Nancy A. and David C. Mrs. Randolph died in 1878. William Randolph also settled in the county, about the same time. He was born in Virginia in 1792 and died in 1867; his wife was Matilda Kearns, who was born in North Carolina, in 1797, and died in 1863. Willoughby H. Randolph, born in 1820, was a son of William Randolph, and married Louisa, daughter of James Barr. John, Theodore and Robert Lawrence also located about the time of the "deep snow." Theodore Lawrence was born in Virginia, in 1800, and married Eliza Ann Tabor, born in Ohio in 1807. He died in 1861, and his wife in 1884. John Lawrence was born in Virginia, in 1802. A son of Theodore Lawrence, Charles S., was a member of the Legislature, from this district, in 1882. James Barr came from Tennessee in 1829. He was born in that state in 1808. He enlisted in the Black Hawk War in 1832 and served during that conflict. He was married, in 1826, to Margaret Houchins, who was Kentucky born in 1808. He died in 1877, leaving nine children: Levisa, Nancy, Lucinda, Melissa, George, Philadelphia, Mary, Eliza and Olive. Abel Larison also came about this time. He was born in Ohio in 1823, was married in 1843 to Julia Stevens, who was also born in Ohio, in 1825. They had ten children: James, John, Francis, Thomas J., Abel, Adam, Leander, Mary, Araline and Anna. Alfred and Edmond Sams were also two well known pioneers who came from Tennessee and located here ahead of the big snow. John Shoup and Samuel Martin were also early settlers. The former born in 1802, married

Hannah Martin in 1829, and was the father of nine children. He was a member of the first Board of Commissioners of Logan County. He died in 1865, his wife having preceded him two years before. Samuel Martin was/born in Ohio in 1813 and located on Salt Creek, in what is now Mt. Pulaski township. He was married in 1838, to Nancy Roberts, who was born in Virginia in 1818. He had one son, John Darwin.

Among others who are said to have located here prior to "the deep snow" were William Jones, Samuel Key, James Taylor, Hugh Depriest, Charles Harper, Hugh Collins, Drury Martin, John Huston, Solomon and Barnabas Blue, Samuel Myers, Harry Crocker, David Laughery, James Morrow, Henry, William and J. D. Dement, Joseph Bowles, Stephen Moore, William Stallings, Peter J. Cowardin, Chauncey Speers, Felix Jones, Hiram Chapin, Abraham Hamilton, William Hutchinson, Joseph Rodgers, Joseph Clifton, Jeremiah Bentley, Mathew Martin, Ezra Martin, Daniel P. Bryan, Gabriel Watt, George Clark, John and William Turner, Anthony Ridgeway, Samuel McGarvey, Josiah Seybold, Philip B. Miles, Reddick Council, John Patton, Alfred S. Brien, Coleman Gaines, William Miller, James Meadows, Hudson Low, William A. Stone, Hiram S. Allen, Samuel C. Hagans, Thomas P. Fletcher, Elias W. Walls and George Price. It is not pretended that an absolutely complete list of all the early pioneers of Logan County has been given. The "deep snow" of 1830-31, which will be described in the next chapter, marks a sort of an era in the county's early settlement. By a rule long ago established by the Old Settlers' Association of Logan County, those who located in the county, prior to the "deep snow," are classed as pioneers or "snow-birds." It has been the object of the writer, in this chapter on early settlement, to give a brief sketch of the settlement of the leading families, whose progenitors were "snow birds" and pioneers and came before the "deep snow." If any have been omitted, or if some mentioned have not been given the prominence which they deserve, it is due to the fact that their descendants have not taken the necessary pains to preserve or publish ancestral records, where the same could, with reasonable effort, be secured.