Williamson County, Illinois - The whole text, 1905 (part 7 of 9)

During the summer of 1904, between June 10th and August 2 9th, I gave thirty lectures before Chautauquas and assemblies in the states of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, AViseonsin, Michigan. Iowa, Kansas and South Dakota, traveling over twenty-five thousand miles to fill these engagements without having experienced any excessive fatigue or ill health from the labor required to perform the arduous work necessary to accomplish so much in so short a time.

thankful, having enjoyed the confidence and respect of all in authority and position in my own country and abroad, and feel that I owe it all to the honored name I bear, which has been made illustrious by husband and son, John A. Logan 3rd, Major Logan's son, being the sole representative in the male line left to perpetuate the name.

Mary I. Logan

1 hope in the few brief years left to me to do something with my pen to aid in the advancement of that civilization for which husband and son offered up their precious lives. MARY I. LOGAN.

Copied from the British Weekly, August 5, 1S97, from an interview with Rev. Hugh Johnston, Pastor Metropolitan Church, Dr. Milburn joining when they attended the Ecumenical Council: Most Popular Woman in the States.

"At this point Dr. Milburn, who was dreamily reposing in his armchair, joined in the conversation to tell me about his old friend Mrs. Logan, whom he described as certainly the most popular women in Washington, and perhaps in the United States. 'She is simply worshipped by the old soldiers, and she exercises the widest influence both as a writer and as a speaker. She is a diplomatist and a politician, and can give an excellent lecture. At Dr. Johnson's church last year she lectured on the Cza'-'s Coronation at which I was present. Mrs. Logan is a beautiful lady, striking, even queenly, in appearance, with perfectly white hair. Her manners are charming and she is equally kind to all sorts and conditions of people, I must tell you a little story, if Dr. Johnston will not mind, about one of her receptions in the quaint, oldfashioned house in the western part of our city, which was presented to Mrs. Logan by the nation. These receptions are among the most interesting social functions in Washington, and it is her custom to invite to them a number of ladies belonging to what we in America call the "awkward squad," that is, persons of no recognized social footing. Mrs. Logan invites them ostensibly to help her to entertain, but really to give them a little social enjoyment. One day when a large party was assembled, and Mrs. Logan was standing at the door receiving her guests, a most valuable vase, a present from Japan or China, about five feet high, was knocked over by the train of one of these awkward ladies' dresses and smashed into a thous' and fragments. Everyone was in consternation, and the unfortunate culprit, standing near the fireplace, looked ready to sink into the floor. Mrs. Logan turned around and said with charming readiness, "Oh. my dear, I am so pleased you have gotten rid of that wretched old vase for me. I really was quite tired of the thing." There was a general laugh. A servant came to clear away the fragments, and the incident was speedily forgotten. Mrs. Logan's

My dear Mr. Wilcox: - I send you herewith four sketches instead of the two which I promised you, as I supposed that you wished to have something of the family. I am very sorry to have kept you waiting so long, and hope that it is not too late to incorporate them in the book you design publishing. I have not attempted to elaborate or make them as full as I might have because I was afraid they would be too long for your purpose.

Mrs. John A. Logan Sketch Of Gex. John A. Logan

General Logan's youth was perhaps spent under more favorable auspices than that of many others of that epoch of our country. His superior abilities, energy, and high character made him a leader from boyhood. His father, of Scotch- Irish descent, was a strict disciplinarian with his sons, who knew no disloyalty to his will or commands.

At the age of IS, he entered the volunteer service as a private in Company H, 1st Illinois Infantry Regiment, in the war with Mexico. He rose to the position of 1st Lieutenant and Adjutant of the Regi^ ment before his return, and here received all the military training he ever had. After returning home his father decided that he should adopt the profession of law. After study ing with his uncle, Ex-Governor A. M. Jenkins, he went to Louisville to attend the law school of that city. y strict economy and judicious trading in horses and other stock on the farm which had been assigned him as his share for his services, he had saved enough money to pay his own way.

From the day of his graduation to the day of his father's death, he never received a penny from his father, but contributed toward the consummation of many of his fath' er's business projects. His father made a will dividing his property between the widow and his children except "John .Alexander, whose marked abilities are such that he can provide for himself and aid his mother if necessary, - this provision is made not from want of affection, but because of unbounded confidence in his future success."

Traveling as a circuit lawyer over sixteen counties composing his judicial district required untiring energy. Practicing in criminal law and prosecuting criminals was no easy or safe task in the days of the Regulators in Southern Illinois. He was constantly exposed to the vengeance of the friends of the many evil doers whose conviction and punishment he caused. His participation in politics was not of his own seeking, but a surrender to the pressure of the better element of society. Serving as clerk of the court, prosecuting attorney, Member of the State Legislature and of Congress by the time he was 32, he threw his whole soul into everything he undertook, never hesitating to assume responsibility or wa ting for some else to take the initiative to find out how the public would receive the measure.

Douglas was his iioliiiral mentor. He follov/ed him with absolute loyalty through his eventful career, believing in Douglas's devotion to his country and its best interests. He had faith in the ultimate succe;!s of the "Crittenden Compromise." He could not believe that the threatening storm would end in a tornado. He thought his constituency loyal to their country and to him. He had been elected by so overwhelmiag a majority that he could not realize that in a few brief months they would become so excited as to lose all reason or thought of the consequences of treason. The most trying hour of his whole early life was rapidly approaching; the memory of that hour will abide while life lasts. Idolized by kin 'red and ihe pi^ople, he had left his home for Washington: returning he was received with coldness and unfriendly re.nings. And when he crossed the threshold of his mother's home to embrace her whom he adored with the warmest filial affection and was repulsed and upbrai'led, his strong frame shook with emotion and the tears ran down like rain. With only one faithful tie he could trust, he faced the assembled multitude and announced his intention to stand by his country though the heavens should fall - - he was ready to do and die if need be that the ITnion might be preserved. Standing between the torrents that were rapidly swelling, he had to bear all the bitterness of the Democratic party and all the suspicious scoffings and unfavorable prognostications of the Republicans, because of his extreme partisanship as a Democrat before the time arrived when a man had to be for or against his country. The agony of the battle's most sanguinary moment paled before the anguish of those days and weeks until he had saved his people and his constituents for the Union.

He carried with him until peace was declared a feeling of personal responsibility for the welfare of every man who enlisted in the defense of his country at his solicitation and because of his appeal for the Union, and was really held so by their friends at home. His sympathies were so great that he had to school himself by the severest discipline before he could witness the suffering of the wounded or death of the men under him without betraying his emotion. The charge at Vicksburg on the 22nd of May, IS63, was to him so ill advised and unwise that it taxed all his discretion to obey the orders. To the day of his death, he felt that the charges of Kenesaw Mountain and the 22nd of July, 1864, were a needless sacrifice of life, and yet in each he led the charge and was the last to leave the field, fortunately turning disaster into victory after McPherson fell with the potential cry of "McPherson and Revenge."

General Logan received from Congress a medal for personal heroism on the field at Vicksburg, and should have had another for his conspicuous gallantry on the 22nd of July, 1S64, in avenging the death of McPherson. Thousands of men were inspired to dauntless deeds that day by General Logan's daring, and though almost surrounded by the enemy, he drove them back, recovered McPherson's body and won a glorious victory which had its sequel in the fall of Atlanta soon afterwards.

A few days thereafter he suffered the keenest blow of his whole life in being unjustly deprived of the command of the army he had saved from annihilation and which would have followed him into the jaws of death. A less heroic and loyal spirit would have encouraged the resentment he I felt, and might have caused ultimate disaster to our nrmy, but his noble nature recoiled at such action and he quietly returned to I'le gallant 15th Army Corps and again led it to victory on the 2Sth of July. which broke down the barriers to the very citidel of Atlanta, forcing acknowledgments of his superior military skill and intrepid courage from even his successor in the command of the Army of the Tennessee.

Scarcely had the smoke of battle passed over and the surrender of Atlanta been telegraphed when Abraham Lincoln requested General Logan's presence in the sanguinary political contest then being waged in Illinois, the home of the McClellan War Democrats as well as his own. Hastening to obey an intimation from Mr. Lincoln in that critical hour, he reached home in September, entering upon the campaign the next day after his arrival, as effectually turning civilians from their party idols to the support of Mr. Lincoln by his eloquence on the stump as he had the secession of sympathizers at the beginning of the rebellion.

As soon as the election waa over he asked to be returned io his command which had completed its holic'ay march through Geori?ia and the Carolinas, and was then at Beaufort, S. C. Thomas had been General during that fall in Tennesse, while Grant was busy in the east and was at that time at City Point, from which place he telegraphed through Stanton ordering General Logan to come to Washington as he wished to have a conference with him. General Logan obeyed with all possible speed, thinking he was to be hurried to his command to co-operate with some move tow.ird Richmond, but was amazed to find that even at headquarters nuir:i impatience existed on account of Ceneral Thomas' supposed dilatoriness, and that he (General Logan) hr.d been chosen to supersede litu. as no one doubted General Logan's iuipai'ent action at all times - action waf. his motto. But with the recent injustice done him. his sympathies were too keenly alive for a brother officer for him to desire to relieve General Thomas." besides, he believed General Thomas was making all possible haste: and so. with the privilege of exercising his judgment in t!;e matter, should he find that General Thomas was doing all he could and would move as soon as possible. General Logan set out for Louisville with his orders in his pocket to relieve General Thomas. The fir?l thing General Logan did on his arrival at Louisville was to advise General Thomas of all the facts and urge him to strike immediately unless he was sure it would be fatal. General Thomas moved at once and won a great victory, and General Logan was the first to advise Stanton and to ask to go back to the ITith Army Corps, which he did. teeling happy over Thomas' triumph and retention as commander of the Army of the Cumberland. Joining tne old 1.5th in South Carolina and marching thence to the capital, he had the satisfaction of being restored to the command of the Army of the Tennessee and riding at the head of that glorious army in the Grand Review, May 22nd. 1SG5. which was perhaps the proudest hour of his whole life. General Logan expected to return to the practice of law and enter into politics no more, but it was not to be. He was simply forced into the political arena by a combination of circumstances that made it impossible to keep out without appearing to disregard the best interests of his country.

In 1SG6, nothing would do but he must accept the nomination for Congressman at large from Illinois, which was, of course, the beginning of a lon.g and brilliant political career.

January 16, 186S, the National Encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic met at Philadelphia and General John A. Logan was elected Commander-in-Chief. As was his wont to do, he threw his whole soul into the work and, after a conference with the officers then elected and the council of administration, proceeded to encourage the extending of the order and increasing their good works. He established National Headquarters in Washington, and drew around him an able staff. May 5th, 1868, he issued General Order No. 11. establishing Memorial Day. For tenderness of expression of sentiment for the memory of the loyal dead, it stands without parallel: "General Orders No. 11. Headquarters. Army of the Republic, Washington, D. C. May 5, 1868.

"I. The 30th day of May, 1868, is designated for the purpose of strewing with flowers and otherwise decorating the graves of comrades who died in defense of their country during the late rebellion, and whose bodies now lie in almost every city, village and hamlet churchyard in the land. In this observance no form of ceremony is prescribed, but posts and comrades will in their own way arrange such fitting services and testimonials of respect as circumstances may permit.

"We are organized, comrades, as our regulations tell us, for the purpose among other things of preserving and strengthening those kind and fraternal feelings which have bound together the soiaiers. sailors and marines who united to suppress the late rebellion. What can aid more to assure this result than cherishing tenderly the memory of our heroic dead, who made their breasts a barricade between our country and its foes? Their soldier lives were the reveille of freer'om to a race in chains, and their death the tattoo of rebellious tyranny in arms. We should guard their graves with sacred vigilance. All that the consecrated wealth and taste of the nation can add to their adornment and security is but a fitting tribute to the memory of her slain defenders. Let no wanton foot tread rudely on such hallowed grounds. Let pleasant paths invite the coming and going of reverent visitors and fond mourners. Let no vandalism of avarice or neglect, no ravages ot time, testify to the present or to the coming generations that we have forgotten as a people the cost of a free and undivided republic.

"If other eyes grow dull anri other hands slacli and other hearts cold ir the solemn trust, ours shall keep it well as long as the light and warmth of life remains to us.

"Let us, then, at the time a'lpn.r.ted gather aroun 1 their sacred remains and garland the passionless mounds above them with the choicest flowers of Springtime; let us raise above them the dear old flag they saved from dishonor; let us in this solemn presence renew our pledges to aid and assist those whom they have left among us a sacred charge upon a nation's gratitude - the soldier's and sailor's widow and orphan.

"II. It is the purpose of the Commander-in-Chief to inaugurate this observance with the hope that it will be kept up from year to year, while a survivor of the war remains to honor the memory of his departed comrades.

"He earnestly desires the pu'ilic press to call attention to tais order, and lend its friendly aid in biiiie''ng it to the notice of comrades in all parts of the country in time for simultaneous compliance therewith.

General Logan's administration following so soon after the close of the war, the demands upon him wero very great. He was constantly appealed to for assistance from every direction. The excitement upon the reconstruction of the states placed him, as the head of a groat quasimilitary organization, in a position of grave responsibility, fn the controversy that arose bo'ween P.-i?sident Johnson and Secret/ivy Stamen, when President Joh.ison undertook to eject Secretary Stanton from the War Office as many thought for sinister motives, President Johnson being Commander-in-Chief of the Army much apprehension was felt by patriotic men all over the nation who were determined that the President should not betray the party and the country. Hundreds of telegrams came pouring in upon General Logan, urging him as the head of the Grand Army of the Republic to stand by Stanton, assuring him they were ready on the minute to respond to any call that he might make upon them. General Logan, nothing loath to obey their commands, sought

Secretary Stanton and assured him of the support of the Grand Army of the Republic. He had called together the Department of the Grand Army in the District of Columbia, General N. P. Chipman at their head and also National Adjutant General. A perfect understanding was had as to what they should be expected to do should the President attempt by military power to forcibly eject Secretary Stanton from the War Office. To a man they were ready for any service to uphold the Government and save the country from treachery. Every night until the excitement had passed, Grand Army men patrolled the streets of Washington and guarded the War Office, while the dauntless Stanton remained in his office night and day, his meals being served to him and couches placed in his office for himself and General Logan. During the day General Logan attended upon the sessions of the House, of which he was a member. In the evening he met his staff of the Grand Army of the Republic in our rooms in Willard's Hotel, and later went to the War Department to spend the night with Secretary Stanton. President Johnson by some means learned of the situation. He sent for General Logan to discuss the matter. General Logan assured him if he should undertake to take forcible possession of the War Department and control of the Army for the furtherance and perpetuation of his power, that the volunteer soldiery were ready to return to the service of their country, and to protect the loyal people of the unreconstructel states.

General Logan was thrice elected Commander-in-Chief and no service of his whole life was more satisfactory than that given in behalf of his comrades in arms.

In 1871, he was elected to the Ignited States Senate, a position to which he aspired and enjoyed for many years, barring the prodigious labor he performed in the discharge of his duties in Congress during the trying days of reconstruction and the many and arduous campaigns in which he participated. But in the ever changing situations of political affairs there were times when he suffered much anxiety and vexation of soul for the welfare of the nation and its continued peace and prosperity, being so constituted that he felt deeply every cause and measure which he espoused or danger that threatened our institutions. Aggressive, intense and honest in his convictions and actions, he provol-ed opposition, and in consequence never had a triumph that he did not win after desperate effort. His abhorrence of duplicity, deception and lying was his strongest characteristic, his word being ever his bond which he kept sacredly, no matter at what cost to himself.

Having been a victim of treachery through the machinations of bribe-givers and bribe-takers, he was humiliated by defeat for reelection to the Senate in 1877. At first he was incredulous that such means should have been resorted to in politics to accomplish that purpose, but receiving positive proof of the use of money to compass his defeat, he was perfectly infuriated ana took pleasure in denouncing these methods, predicting that such a policy, if not driven out of American politics, would destroy the government more effectually than an armed force.

His loyalty to his friends was only exceeded by that to his country. His courage was only second to his tenderness of heart and warmth of affection. The greatest personal grief of his life was the change of General Grant, whom he loved devotedly, in the Fitz-John Porter case, not on account of prejudice toward Porter personally, but because he really believed Porter guilty of treason to Pope, and consequently responsible for the sacrifice of human life which followed Porter's disobedience of orders.

He feared defeat of the Republican nominee for the Presidency in ISSl, and hoped to save the election, or he would not have acceptei the nomination for the Vice Presidency - a position to which he never aspired. And no man ever more honestly immolated himself for his party, or accepted the result more gracefully, than he did, notwithstanding the personal sacrifice he had made and the effort he had put forth to prevent the mistakes of others from bringing disaster to the Republican party.

Immediately following that fruitless personal sacrifice he was forced to enter upon another long and prostrating contest for his return to the Senate, or give place to some one from the opposition. Personally he was weary of such struggles, and of contact with men whose support he must solicit, but whom he considered unworthy of a place in a legislative body, and for whom he had the greatest aversion. But feeling that the welfare and supremacy of his party were at stake, he remained at his post and shortened his days by the harrassing campaign which lasted from January 1st to May 2nTh. 1SS5. His success brought him infinite pleasure, and made him happy in tbe thought that he was immovably intrenched in the hearts of his countrymen, which softened all animosities and feelings of distrust and

The welcome e.xtended to him b.v his colleagues in the Senate, irrespective of parly, touched him deeply, and made him forget the friction of partisan debate and rejoice in the evidence of friendship for him.

His devotion to his family amounted to idolatry; he could see no fault in any of them. His generosity was such that he kept himself poor by giving too freely from his meagre resources. No ex-Union soldier was ever turne.. away discouraged or without a little contribution toward the alleviation of his sufferings. He spent much of his life endeavoring to help the unfortunate secure employment.

General Logan died December 2 0, 1886, of inflammatory rheumatism, leaving to his loved ones the priceless legacy of an illustrious and untarnished name.

Mary Logan Tucker

Mary Logan Tucker was born June 20, 185S, in Benton, Franklin County, Illinois. Her father was then a member of the Illinois State Legislature, and was elected to Congress the following year. Mrs. Logan did not accompany him to Washington the first Session of Congress in which he served, but subsequently she came to Washington, bringing her baby with her. Mary Logan Tucker . was always a very precocious child, and the idol of her father from the time of her birth. During the interregnum of the sessions of Congress, they resided at Carbondale, Illinois, to which place they had removed, and were living there when the War broke out. General Logan's regiment rendezvousing at Cairo, Illinois. She was accustomed to spend much of her time at his headquarters, frequently appearing beside Captain McCook on Dress Parade. She was the idol of the regiment, and although very young, being only two and a half years old, she seemed to appreciate the excitement of the times. During her father's absence from home they remained in Carbondale, until the close of the Rebellion, removing to Chicago in 1871. She entered a private school in that city for a short time, but as the family tad to go to Washington, General Logan having been elected to the Senate, they found it was better to have her near them, so as soon as they could arrange it, she was placed in a convent on 10th Street, near G, where she remained until she was old enough to go to Georgetown, remaining there until her graduation in 1S7G. She always had a great devotion for the Convent and the Sisters, expressing her loyalty at all times and on all occasions. No

Protestant girl ever entertained a higher regard for the Sisters or was more loyal to her Alma Mater than was Mary Logan Tucker to the Convent of Visitation at Georgetown, D. C.

After her graduation, she visited Philadelphia during the Centennial Celebration, going from there to Chicago where the family then lived. Her girlhood was very brief, as she was married in Chicago on the 2 7th of November, 1877, to W. F. Tucker, of Chicago, having been much a .mired as a young lady.

She has always been a devoted wife and mother, going with her husband to a small place in the country, sharing the discomfoi ts and inconveniences of the primitive home her husband made for her, until it seemed wiser to him to change his vocation in life.

After his appointment as Major in the Pay Corps of the U. S. Army. Mrs. Tucker accompanied him to New Mexico, and no one has left a better reputation behind her than Mrs. Tucker left at Santa Pe, New Mexico, where her husband was stationed for four years. Her hospitality, charity and helpfulness to her husband and the people about her endeared her very much to them. Among her most intimate friends were General and Mrs. Lawton, General McKenzie and his venerable mother and lovely sister. Miss Mc- Kenzie, General Chambers McKibben. all of whom have ever been her devoted friends.

From New Mexico they came to Washington where the Major was on duty for eight years, during which time she lost her father. She was overwhelmed by this unspeakable sorrow, but tried at all times to forget her own grief by her devotion to her mother.

She has always been foremost in acts of charity, and many unfortunate creatures are ready to rise up and call her Blessed for her generosity to them.

At the end of eight years her husband was obliged to have a change of station according to the requirements of the army and they were sent to St. Paul. Minnesota, where Mrs. Tucker again made for hersel* many friends, and at the expiration of his term there, received every evidence of the regard of the people with whom she had been .issociated.

Major Tucker, having been ordered to duty at Atlanta, Georgia, in connection with the Spanish-American War, she remained in Washington until his duties were completed.

after which he -va; ordered lo Oliicago, and she went inimouialeiy to that city and established a home where they Uvea most happily, sur rounded by a multnude of friends.

During Mrs. Tucker's sojourn in Chicago, her brother. Major John A. Logan, Jr., was killed in the Philippines, another unutterable sorrow that required all of her philosophy and moral courage to bear unniurniuringly. Major Tucker being ordered to Alaska soon aftei\\ard, she again removed to Washington, so that she might be with her vvidowed and bereaved mother. Her nobility of character and devotion to those near and dear to her is not surpassed by anyone.

Major Tucker was stationed in Washington at the time of General Logan's death, where he remained eight years; during this time Mrs. Tucker conceived the idea of organizing the Georgetown Convent Alumni, and together with Mrs. Arthur Dunn, laid the whole plan, secured the charter and bore all of the expense of its issuance, the question of sectarianism never entering her mind or that of her own personal aggrandizement having no part whatever in her desire to see this organization prosper. She did it in the interest of progress and the welfare of her Alma Mater, and is entitled to the credit of the conception of the idea to preserve the names and fames of all who have graduated from the Georgetown Convent.

Mrs. Tucker is well informed on all questions, having a brilliant mind and retentive memory. She has travelled abroad, and over almost every spot of her own country. Her contributions to magazines and newspapers have given her a name as a writer. Since 1901 her husband has been stationed at Fort Vancouver, Portland, Oregon, but having been informed he would be ordered to Manila at any time a vacancy at that post might occur, Mrs. Tucker resided with her mother at Calumet Place, Washington, spending her summers at Holly Hills Farm, eight miles from the city. The long expected orders of Lt. Col. W. F. Tucker for duty as Chief Paymaster of the U. S. Army in the Philippines came last July, consequently he sailed October 1st, 1904, Mrs. Tucker and their youngest son accompanying him, their oldest son, Logan, having established himself in Alaska.

Mrs. Tucker was much grieved to leave her mother absolutely alone, but realized her first duty was to her husband. Her mother would not listen to her neglecting her duty on her account. It was impossible because of her literary engagements for Mrs. Logan to go with her daughter, therefore, mother and daughter had to separate, each courageouslv

Mrs. Tucker's two sons are a credit to her love and tenderness, and the unspeakable devotion of a mother who has never neglected the duties of her home for any frivolous society fads. She made many engagements for literary work before her departure. Her life is earnest as she is ambitious to have filled her place with credit to the immortal name of Logan.

Major John A. Logan, Jr

Sketch by Mrs. Logan. As the clouds of the Civil War were passing away and peace was dawning after four long years of bloody carnage, General Logan was ordered to Louisville, Kentucky, to muster the troops of the Western Army out of the service. While he was engaged in carrying out this order, there came into our home at Carbondale, Jackson County, Hlinois, on Monday morning, July 2 4, 1865, a blessed baby boy, whom we afterwards christened Manning Alexander Logan. He weighed at birth 13 1-2 pounds; his raven black hair as fine as the ravelings of the finest silk, his brilliant black eyes and rich olive complexion and perfect form, showed from the hour of his birth that he was a perfect prototype of his father, General John A. Logan, whose happiness knew no bounds when he received the telegram announcing the birth of our son. We had lost our first born when he was a baby of 13 months. The advent of this beautiful boy at the close of years of sorrow and anxiety filled our hearts with joy. He grew more strikingly like his father every year of his life. He had inherited all the intensity and enthusiasm of his father's nature, as well as the spirit of the times in which he was born. Patriotic and courageous in every fibre of his being he could not brook any indifference to our flag or lack of patriotism in others. He was always the champion of the weak and unfortunate, and as a school boy and later as a cadet at West Point, had plenty of opportunity to display these characteristics in fighting his own and his fellows' battles. He was a born leader, and almost from his babyhood would not play unless he was the Captain and leader in everything. His intense hatred of a mean thing was even more than his father's, and no matter how mischievous he was or what happened, he always told the truth and nothing but the truth, regardless of how unenviable a light it placed him in. He dispised a sneak or a traitor. He was never cruel or unjust and so generous that he could not look upon poverty and suffering without giving whatever he had to relieve the unfortunate.

As a boy be divided everything he had with his companions, always saving something for the boys that were less fortunate than himself who were his play-fellows. He was impulsive and quick to resent an injury or take the part of anyone who was being imposed upon. His devotion to father and mother amounted to idolatry Though still in his minority, it was his strong arm that lifted and attended his father in his last illness and dying hour, and supported his mother in all the overwhelming sorrow that followed his father's death. Wishing to manifest his desire to do all in his power for his stricken mother, he had a deed made out of his interest in his father's estate in favor of his mother, and insisted that she should accept it, and was not aware until after his marriage that she had destroyed the deed. There was no sacrifice he would not have made for those he loved. In his father's political campaigns, after he was in his teens, he was of invaluable service to his father, executing any order given him with fidelity and discretion.

He was always popular as a boy and man, and felt infinite pride in the assurances he had of the friendship of the foremost men and women of the nation. He treasured especially the evidences of the high esteem in which he was held by Mrs. U. S. Grant and Mrs. James G. Blaine, who always treated him with the greatest consideration from the time he wore knickerbockers to his last call upon them before leaving fur the Philippines. He was innately considerate and polite to elderly people. No complaint of rudeness was ever lodged against him.

He was always full of fun - the life of our home and that of his own - ready to frolic with the children, assist in the preparations of entertainments tor their friends and those of older growth, in the festivities of Christmas, Fourth of July and other holidays; he was always untiring in his efforts to make everybody happy. Like all other such impulsive and enthusiastic natures, he had his faults and escapades, as other boys, but there was never anything dishonorable or disgraceful in anything in which he participated. Everything of a military character delighted him immensely. Before he was ten years old, he had his military company and all the paraphernalia of a soldier and an officer, and would insist upon his father drilling him in the manual of arms, so that he could in turn drill his company. He would go to a military school as soon as he was old enough. At the Morgan Park Military Academy he had his flrs't experience away from home, and took his first lessons in the profession of a soldier, to which he was born. He was a member of the First Regiment, Illinois State Guards, almost before he was eligible. Later, on entering West Point through the kindness of President Arthur, he took his father's full name, thinking then that he would remain in the service for life. He subsequently resigned, but still clung to the name he loved so well, notwithstanding he realized the responsibility of bearing it worthily.

He was married very young because he met his ideal early, and no man ever lived who was more devoted to wife and children than was Major John A. Logan. Nothing but his ardent love of country and laudable ambition to add lustre to the name he bore for their sakes, could have induced him to be separated from them. He tried desperately to content himself with the routine of a business career, but was unable to do so with the inborn disposition to distinguish himself in some other line. He was inordinately fond of reading and investigation, especially in military history and science. He was thoroughly well informed on the armies of the world, their organization, equipment, maneuvres, mobilization, support and efficiency. He was fascinated with the Army of Russia and the study of the manners and customs of the subjects of the Czar. His book "Joyful Russia" was universally well received, and reflected great credit upon him, proving that he could have succeeded in a literary career.

His fondness for horses was an inheritance from his grand father, as well as his father, and I am not sure but that his great great grand father transmitted this fondness for horses. He studied this noble animal carefully and knew all about horses, their use and the care of them, and what constituted abuse of them.

His love of home and family was one of his chief characteristics, and though we boarded much of the time during his boyhood, he was always happy in our modest quarters and quite content with the amusements we were able to give him.

When the Spanish-American War broke out, he was possessed with an ungovernable desire to take a regiment into the field from Illinois, but was prevented from doing so by the unjust discrimination of Governor Tanner. Failing in his desire, he accepted a Majority in the Adjutant General's Corps, and had the good fortune to be assigned to the staff of General John C. Bates, thereby securing service in the field.

General Bates' reports attest the efficiency and promptness with which he discharged his duties. His rescue of Creelman, the correspondent, in itself entitled him to special honors. The fact of the unpopularity of the correspondent should not have prevented Major Logan from receiving the promotion for which he was strongly recommended. He was present at the midnight "Council of War" before El Caney, about which so much has been said and written, and though a subordinate on the staff of gallant General Bates, he was intensely interested and strongly in favor of a vigorous and prompt attack upon the enemy. The endorsement of General Lawton and other officers on file in the War Department attest to his coolness and soldierly conduct, on that the most important battle of the Cuban campaign. He was on duty constantly during the investment of Santiago, and had the pleasure ot being with General Bates when the flag was hoisted over the Palace of the captured city. Immediately after he was stricken with malignant malarial fever, from which he did not recover for months, though he returned to duty in November, joining General Bates at Macon, Ga., being made Provost Martial of that Department during its occupancy

He found the responsibilities of his position very great on account of the antagonism between the citizens and the colored troops who seemed disposed to riotous acts and insubordination. While in camp in the South, Major Logan, accompanied only by a sargent and a small guard, disarmed a whole colored regiment and put them under guard of another well-disciplined regiment, and by his coolness quieted the rioters and protected the citizens from their lawlessness. He won the confidence of his superior officers and the citizens who were lavish in their expressions of personal regard and admiration of Major Logan as a soldier and a gentleman.

The 26th of December, 1S9S, General Bates and his command embarked for Cienfuegos, General Bates having been put in command ot the provnice of Cienfuegos. Soon after their arrival, General Bates sent Major Logan with sixteen mounted men to make a tour of these provinces, and make a report to him of their condition. Major Logan was very successful in this expedition, taking practically the census of both provinces, but in doing this his tender heart was stirred to its depths, as naught but starvation, beggary, suffering, disease and devastation greeted them everywhere. Major Logan dared not take the rations from his men and distribute among the men, -women and children whom he found actually starving, but he gave away every cent of money and all the extra clothing he had, and arrived in Sagua La Grande without anything himself. His report caused relief to be sent to the most destitute. He could not tell of what he saw without shedding tears: familiarity with suffering served only to quicken his sympathies. He could not become indifferent or calloused to human misery. He completely captured the hearts of the Cubans of Santa Clara who desired to have him made their Governor and petitioned the President for his appointment.

On account of his mother's serious illness he was called home to Washington, where he was again attacked by malarial fever. Before he had recovered the tragic death of his wife's uncle and family, by the burning of their home and themselves, so afflicted Mrs. Logan that he would not leave her, and peace having been considered assured in Cuba and the Philippines, he resigned and again tried to take up the duties of a business career. Hostilities beginning again in the Philippines, and Mrs. Logan's health having improved, he could not resist the temptation to return to the service, believing, as he did, that it was for the betterment of a race of human beings that they should be brought under the protecting care of our government. He felt that he would be helping to civilize and Christianize a people who would otherwise continue to be little better than savages. He also believed it was necessary to hold the Philippines as a necessity of the United States in the fulfillment of the destiny of this great republic. All of his letters from the date of his joining his regiment until his landing at San Fabian are full of noble aspirations and mature thought quite beyond his age. Appreciating the hazzard of the expedition upon which he had set out, he was eager to lead the van. He was happy in his commanders. Colonel Hare and General Wheaton, his Brigade Commander, General Lloyd Wheaton. having served during the Civil War on his father's staff. He knew he had a devoted friend in him. Proud of his name and of the men of his battalion, he led the column on that fatal day, sanguine of success, he little dreamed of the fate which awaited him, or that the enemy was above instead of in front of him. He had made the reconnaissance and knew they were entrenched many hundreds strong, and he was confident that the indomitable Thirty- Third would dislodge him. Alas! he fell at the hands of a sharp shooter, hidden in the boughs of a cocoanut tree ere they had fulfilled his expectations, his young life going out while his regiment were carrying the intrenchments and pursuing the flying insurgents.

Sketch Of Captain John Marion Cunningham

The name of Cunningham comes from the union ot two Saxon words, "Koenig," meaning King, ani "Hanie," meaning home, or literally. Kings Home, easily assimilated into "Conyngham," "Cuninghame," "Cunnyngham," "Cunyinghame," or "Cunningham," as it is variously written. The following is copied trom Burke's Peerage, bearing upon early history:

"The family is of very great antiquity in North Britain. According to Camden, the Cunnynghames came originally into Scotland from England with King Malcolm Cammore, and he is probably correct, tor we find them settled in the Shire of Ayr, very soon after the time of that Monarch (reigned in Scotland from 1057 to 1093) Frederick Van Burren, a learned Norweigen who wrote an account of several Scottish families says, that one Malcolm ,son of Freskin assisted Malcolm, Prince ot Scotland, (afterwards King Malcolm Canmore), to make his escape from the tyranny of Macbeth, who had murdered his father, Duncan, and being hotly pursued, he took shelter in a barn where Freskin concealed the Prince by forking straw over him. The Prince, thus aided, eventually made his escape into England, still attended by his faithful Malcolm Freskin. Prince Malcolm was no sooner in possession of his throne after his victory over Macbeth than he rewarded his preserver with the thane iom of Cunnynghame, trom which his posterity assumed their surname, and took a sheaf-fork for their arms with 'Over fork Over' tor their motto.

"One of the name was in 1488 created Earl of Glencairn, the last male ot which line died in 179 0, and was the subject ot one ot Bobby Burns' beautiful poems. Another was made Earl ot Carrick by David, King of Scotland and married Elenor. niece of Robert Bruce. Some of the name fought with William of Orange at the Battle of Boyne in IG.Sbl. The Marquis ot Conyngham, who has now his seat on the river Boyne in Ireland, is supposed to be one of the same family."

From the foregoing it will be seen that the family of Cunningham is one of the oldest and that they have been associated with historic events since 1059. John M. Cunningham, the subject of this sketch, was the son of Robert Cunningham, son of Joseph Cunningham and Mary Simerson Cunningham. He was

"Francis Marion" for his father's friend. General Francis Marion, but was induced by liis uncle, John Cunningham, to drop Francis and take that of John. He had one brother and two sisters.

Soon after the organization of the territory of Illinois his father decided to emigrate to the new territory and removed with his family and his slaves to Southern Illinois, near what was subsequently known as Marion, Williamson County. Robert, the eldest son, decided to remain in Tennessee but later removed to Austin, Texas, and though he lived many years he was never again seen by any member of the family, as traveling in those days was a difficult undertaking. After settling on a farm his father liberated his slaves but they would not leave their kinJ-hearted master, but continued to remain with the family as long as they lived.

His eldest sister, Caroline, said to have been very beautiful, married in Tennessee to a man by the name of Kelly, who also removed to Illinois and settled on the Ohio River near the present town of Metropolis.

Clementine married a Mr. \Vm. Henry, a very wealthy Virginian, who emigrated to the new territory. They owned large tracts of land near her father's farm, but went to California in 1848.

J. M. Cunningham was first engaged by General John Davis, as a clerk and general assistant in the extensive dry goo is and other mercantile enterprizes. General Davis was a capitalist and most prominent man in that section in early days. He secured goods and other merchandise in St. Louis and transported them across the country. While in General Davis' employ he made the acquaintance of General George P. Davis, one of the wealthiest men in the West and who carried on many business enterprizes. In 183 4, by consent of General Davis, who was the devoted frienl of young Cunningham, he entered the service of General Davis, who placed him in charge of a general merchandise store at Petersburg, Missouri. He soon became well known and universally popular. Here he met Miss Elizabeth Hicks Fountain, the daughter of Joseph Fountain, a wealthy descendant of the French Hugenots. whose real name was "De La Fountaine," but who Americanized the name by dropping the "De La" and the final e.

Miss Fountain was one of the loveliest women of her time, and proved one of the most remarkable in native ability and nobility of character. No man was ever more fortunate than John M. Cunningham in the choice of his wife. To her he owed everything which brought happiness or success. After their marriage in 18'o7 they remained but a few years in Petersburg, as Mr. Cunningham's father, Robert Cunningham (who fought under Jackson at the battle of Xew Orleans) was in failing health and wanted his son to come to him in Illinois. In 1839 he closed out his business in Missouri, liberated his slaves and taking two horses and a double carriage and his wife and one child, he drove from Boone County, Missouri, to Marion, Illinois, expecting their household goods to follow by being haulel to Hannibal, Missouri, and from there shipped by boat to St. Louis and from there hauled to Marion. Part of them came all right, but some of them were stored in an old freight depot in Hannibal for more than twenty years, and were, of course, destroyed by moth, dampness and rust.

After his return to Illinois he took a farm and had his mother and father and the two old faithful servants, "Uncle Joe and Aunt Hannah," who came and lived with them as long as they lived.

He was elected Sheriff of the County and Member of the Legislature soon after the admission of the State. His popularity with the people tintil the day of his death was second to no man in the State. Among the earliest recollections of his eldest children was that of seeing him borne on the shoulders of his admiring friends to the Court House steps in their will enthusiasm to have him speak to them, after he volunteered to go to the Mexican War. He was elected Captain of Company B, First Illinois Infantry Volunteers, and went across the plains under Colonel Donaldson. Their Regiment was assigned to General Sterling Price's Brigade. When quite young he was a volunteer in the Black Hawk War. He was every inch a soldier, ever ready for adventure and hazzardous duty. He was made United States Marshall for the Southern District of Illinois an1 put down the Massac County Regulators who had built a Fort on the Ohio River, and prepared to defy the officers of the law. but after Captain Cunningham arrested a number of them and sent them to the penitentiary they decided to stop their depredations.

In 1849 he joined the expedition which went across the plains to California at the time of the great excitement over the discovery of gold on the Pacific slope. They were late starting ani suffered severely before they reached Sacremento. In fact, all of the animals of the overland train and many of - he party died.

insisted that the few survivors should go on and send back for him, as he knew George P. Doris, of St. Louis, had wagon trains that were going back and forth from St. Louis, to Sacramento, but unfortunately they had not met them en route. He was sure Mr. Doris would send a pony express and bring him in if the others would go in and report his whereabouts. They were lucky enough to get through safely. Mr. Doris sent immediately for him and he was saved from starvation and death on a desolate road miles from any human habittion.

He often used to tell thrilling stories of his experience and narrow escapes from being massacred by Indians, or dying from alkali water and want of fool, and of the lonely graves they passed as they walked from Alton, Illinois, to Sacramento, of poor men who belonged to the many parties that had preceded them in their quest of the gold fields. He was in the California mines from the summer of '49 (having been nearly four months of that year en route) until the summer of 1852. His fortunes went up and down the scale as did those of many other men. He came home when the presidential election was at its height. After the election of Franklin Pierce, through the influence of Hon. William Allen, Captain J. M. Cunningham was appointed Register of the Land Office at Shawneetown, Illinois.

During his term and through his urgent advocacy of the matter the "Bit Act" was passed; that is, Congress passed a law allowing actual settlers to enter the lanis embraced in Shewneetown District, which covered an extensive area, to be entered at 12 1-2 cents per acre. This gave such an impetus to settlers that all of the available lands were quickly taken up and the Land Office at Shawneetown discontinued.

Captain Cunningham again returned to Marion, Williamson County, built a home expecting to spend the remainder of his life there. He was elected clerk of the County Court, which position he held for many years.

The breaking out of the Rebellion brought him great sorrow and anxiety and may be said to have been the beginning of the troubles which attended him as long as he lived.

In 1S66 an epidemic of cholera visited Marion and Mrs. Cunningham was among the victims. With her usual courage she had responded to the call of the first who were attacked and died in a few hours. Returning home after working over those who died, she disclaimed any fear of the disease, but admitted she was very tired. The people fled the town until it was almost de- populated. She talked the malter over with her husband until nine o'clock that night. She insisted she would not leave home or undertake to run away from the disease and perhaps expose others If any of her family should have it, she thought it best to stay at home. At midnight she awakened with the first throes of real Asiatic cholera and at six a. m. she was dead.

With her death went out all the hopes and ambition of Capt. Cunningham. She was his stay and help mate through all the vicissitudes of life, noble in every sense of the word, highly intelligent and with the finest intuitions she was equal to any emergency. She had the courage of a lioness and devoted her whole life to her husband and her children. Her loss to them was never repaired and effected seriously their careers.

In 1869 Captain Cunningham was appointed collector of Internal Revenue at Provo, Utah Territory, where he was obliged to report. Having been married to his second wife. Miss Mary Hopper, of Marion, Illinois, he removed to Provo, where he resided until his death, March, 1873.

Captain John M. Cunningham was one of God's noble men. He was the soul of honor; absolutely unselfish, generous to a fault, and so tender-hearted that his sympathies went out to every human creature who needed sympathy. He knew no such thing as fear, his moral and physical courage prompting him always to deeds of daring and adventure. He could never say no to any request made of him and consequently distributed the fortunes he made with an unwise and liberal hand. He worshipped his wife and family of thirteen children, seven of whom grew to the estate of man and womanhood. Mary, Hannah, Hybert, Clementine, Gyrene, Samuel, John and Evaline, all cherishing his memory as a most indulgent father.

This ancient negro and ex-slave, who is at present the oldest living man found in the county, lives in a log cabin, which is the very first house built within the present limits of the city of Marion.

He does not seem to be quite clear upon the question of his age but thinks he was born on the 16th day of May, 1820, near Salina, in Jackson County, Tennessee. His neighbors, however, say that he was 84 years old as long a.go as they can remember, and are quite sure he is getting very near the century mark. We think this is quite likely, as he states that his mother died in Guthrie, Ky., about 12 years ago, at the age of 110. She was able to walk half a mile or more, do a day's washing and return home again without apparent fatigue within a month of her death. She had no disease, but the old clock just run down and stopped ticking.

The old man is not very much wrinkled nor very gray, and does not show age as a white person would. He has, however, passed beyond work, and finds it extremely difficult to get around at all. His faithful wife earns a living for both by washing, with the help of the eggs from a few chickens and a little garden.

His master was a Massachusetts man by the name of Samuel Watson, who was a man of wealth and distinction in his adopted state, and owned some thirty or more slaves before the Civil War freed them. He took with him to Tennessee his New England ideas, and privately and secretly taught his brightest negroes to read and write. He treated his slaves like younger brethern, and was never known to whip one. When he thought punishment was in order he would call the offender into the parlor and set him in an easy chair with a book or paper in his hand, of which the poor darkey could not read a word, and keep him there till dinner time. He would then politely invite him to the dining room, and seating him in the place of honor, would take the place of servant and proceed to wait upon him with the greatest gravity and politeness. After dinner, he generally set him about his work with a few words of kind admonition and advice. This recipe never failed on a refractory servant, though he has sometimes kept a particularly hard case in the corner with his book or paper all day Sunday, but he never failed to provide them with a good Sunday dinner.

One poor old woman quarrelled with a neighbor and quit her job, refusing longer to work with her. Mr. Watson set her to taking water in a pail from a little stream near by and carrying it a few rods, pourit over the fence into the same stream. After a half day's useless toil in this fashion, the old lady became reconciled to her job and went back cheerfully to work.

Billy took his master's name, after the prevailing fashion, and sems to have been a very skilfull mechanic and valued by his owner correspondingly high. Another slave ow'ner offered his master $2S0n for him. but was refused. Watson saying he wouldn't accept $3000 for him, as he earned him not less than $800 a year.

Watson was in all sorts of business in Tennessee. He owned farms, cotton-mills, saw-mills, Houring-mills and a powder factory; kept blacksmith and repair shops running, made his own wagons and other tools, and in general run an extensive business on his various plantations. He was a careful, cautious, thrifty man, and, like the typical New Englander he was, looked after the pence, knowing the pounds would look after themselves. He would never allow a slave to work in the powder factory. He said they were worth too much money.

was brought up in the cotton factory until about 2(1, and was then put to house-carpentering by his master. Showing an aptitude at mechanics, he worked successively at blacksmithing, horse-shoeing, wagon-making and repairing. He was the handy-man of the plantation and could do anything he was set at. His master trusted him fully and he had many opportunities to take leg bail for Canada. At one time he was sent by Mr. Watson 100 miles from home to collect a bill, and on his return found himself in possession of a fine horse saddle and bridle his master's gold watch and $5000 in greenbacks. He was sorely tempted this time to turn his horse's head towards the Ohio river, but love for his master, his home and his honor prevailed and he finished his journey as he began it - a slave.

Watson was a staunch Union man and did all that lay in him to prevent his state from seceeding. After the fall of Fort Donaldson he rode his horse into Nashville, took the oath of allegiance before Gen. Grant and returned to his mills and factories. He had a trusty servant who posed as a rebel, and when the rebs were about he was the owner of everything, but when the other side came in sight. Watson was the master. By this device they kept their property from being burned or destr'oyed by either side. A good deal of the time the powder-mill turned out confederate powder, but later on was run mostly to send bullets after them.

While the most of the negroes ran away during the troublous times of the war, Watson stuck by his master till Lincoln's Proclamation freed them all. He then joined the 5th Iowa Cavalry, riding one of his master's best horses, and remained with it until he was discharged, August 9th, 1865, at Eastport. Miss. He never served in the ranks, but was always in the employ of the government, repairing wagons, etc. After the War he lived and worked in Nashville till lS6fi, then to Johnsonville in 1867, then to Cincinnati and "scouting around" till he came to Marion in 1882. Here he moved with his wife into the log cabin where he still lives and which he has kept continuously until the present time, and for which they pay $1.00 a week rent.

He married his first wife while both were owned by Watson, and she died while he was with the army. His second wife he married at Wittenberg, Mo., May 16th, 1870. Her name was Charlott Walker, an ex-slave in Texas. In the picture of the old house Mrs. Watson sits by the side of her husband.

Mrs. Robinson, who is a widow living in the other half of the cabin, was glad of the opportunity an 1 also took a seat near Mr. Watson, as shown in the picture. Watson, it is said, is fond of his cup, and gets it whenever he can, but, like white people sometimes, he is occasionally very religious, and in the picture holds an open testament on his knee, which lies open at these words-: John X: 3 4-3 6; "Is it not written in your law, I said, ye are gods? If he called them gods, unto whom the word of God came, and the scripture cannot be broken: say ye of him whom the Father hath sanctified and sent into the world. Thou blasphemist, because I said, I am the Son of God? If I do not the works of my Father, believe me not, but if I do, though ye believe not me, believe the works, that ye may know and believe, that the Father is in me and I in Him."

A history of political parties of Williamson county would be incomplete without a reference to the prohibition party, the oldest of all the three parties. Although its first national ticket was not put up until 1869, the temperance movement in its various phases which preceded prohibition began as far back as 1845 when a traveling temperance lecturer waked the county up as it had never been walced before. People stopped business to hear him. This strolling temperance lecturer made two notable converts in the persons of Uncle Chess McCoy and .Tacob Goodall. who have remained steadfast to their pledge to this day. Goodall celebrated his conversion by taking a barrel of whiskey he had, knocking the head in and emptying the contents into the gutter. A. B. C. Campbell of Bloomington, Dan K. Shielis and a reformed drunkard named Knowles of Greenville and .Joseph Benson of Indiana followed as temperance lecturers. Knowles wound up by getting $125 and a suit of clothes and then getting gloriously drunk. During all this time temperance was the object of agitation. There were the

Sons of Temperance, Sons of Malta, the Blue Ribbon, high license and local option movements, all ending with the present philosophical movement, prohibition. The leaders and followers of the party in Williamson county as elsewhere are men of high character who are undismayed by defeat. Frank Brown cast the first and only prohiljition vote in the county in 1869. The party now counts its followers by the hundred.

The first business building erected in Marion was a log shanty built by .John Davis and run by him as a saloon. Erwin says that "he was in such a hurry to sell whiskey that he bought a set of stable logs from A. T. Benson which he put upoif the square a few feet north of the well." He also states that he was the first man to get a license to sell whiskey, but during 1839 two members of the county court began to sell whiskey - Campbell and Hill.

1 was born in Jackson, Tennessee, June 24, 1825, but my parents were both natives of North Carolina and came to Tennessee when quite young. My father. James McCoy, was born Christmas day, 1803, and my mother was born May 28, 1807. 1 came with my parents to Franklin County in the Spring of 1837, before Williamson County was organized. We settled near where the Illinois Central Railroad depot now stands. It was all prairie then for two or 'hree miles northwest of town, and lather broke up a piece that Spring where the depot now stands and planted it to corn on the sod with an ax. It was known as Poor's Prairie.

The first school 1 attended was taught by Spiller, an uncle of William Spiller, in 1837. He began in August and kept three months. I was then 12 years old, and all the schooling J ever had wouldn't amount to more than 12 months. About that time Isaac D. Stockton taught school in the upper story of the Court House, and all the children in the county attended it. It was a two-story frame building about twenty feet square, and the first Judge I remeiuber was Judge Scales, who tried Jerry Simpson for killing Andrew J. Benson, in the fall of 1841. Simpson got into a quarrel with Andrew Benson's father, and as the old man, who didn't want to quarrel, was going away, Jerry ran after him with a knife in his hand, swearing he would kill him. He and Andy were chums, and Andy ran up to Jerry and putting his hand on his shoulder said.

"O Jerry, you wouldn't kill father, would you?" At that Jerry struck backwards with his knife in his hand, probably not thinking or intending to hurt Andy, but only to shake him off, and the blade entered the bowels of Andy and killed him. Willis Allen, the father of Josh Allen, was one of the prosecution and .lames Shields defended him. Jerry was a man about 40. He broke jail and ran away, but was caught a year later and tried but acquitted by a packed jury.

We had no mills in those days. Milton and Dr. Jonathan Mulkey and Capt. James Cunningham bought the machinery for a saw and gristmill, and had it sent by o.\-teams to where the Edwards Mill now stands. But no one could be found who knew enough about m:^chinery to set it up, and it lay piled up on the prairie for a long time. After a while, about '43 or '44, George Felts and John Hooper got track of the situation and came down from Uellville and built the mill and the old double log house still standing and occupied as a negro cabin by Wm. Watson and family. They lived there and ran the mill for a good many years. People used to come for 2ii miles to mill and wait their turn, maybe two or three weks, before they could get their Hour or meal. This was the first steam mill erected in the County. the logs they worked up were mostly walnut and poplar.

My wife was Miss Jane Poague, a native of Saline County. We were married in the old Western Exchange building, which John Paschal built for Allen Bainbridge in 1842. In 18 4.'i I began to work at brick-making, mason work and plastering, and followed it unit! about 1850.

I first heard of the discovery of gold in California in 1848. A man returned from there in 1849 and brought a nugget to Marion weighing about I14 ounces which he sold to a merchant here for about $18 or $19. People began at once to make their way to California, mostly across the plains. I started April 26, 1850, in company with Dr. Jas. P. Thorn, H. L. Hayes, James and Thomas P. Louden, Henry Purdy and William Lipsey. We took three yoke of cattle with us and bought another when we stopped at Independence.

We were just four months on the road and landed at Coloma, Eldorado County, August 27, 1850. Coloma was then called Hangtown from a hanging which took place there for stealing. James M. Mc- Coy, my brother, and Willis Aikman went in 1854, by way of New Orleans and the isthmus.

Placerville, about five miles from Coloma, the county seat. The whole teirilory where the city now stands and tar beyond was all rich placer diggings, anJ every foot of it has been washed, and tens if not hundreds of thousands of dollars of gold have been taken out of it. The first find occurred this way. Old General .John Sutter, who had a big ranch on the South Fork, about 45 or 51) miles up the river from Sacramento, built a saw-mill up where the gold was found anJ had his men dig a race to carry the water to the mill. After the water had run for a time it was seen that the ditch was not deep enough and they shut the water off to dig it deeper.

James W. Marshall ,a mill-wright from New Jersey, had charge of the job, but knew nothing of the nature of the nuggets and shining yellow stuff with which the bottom and sides of the ditch were covered, but the Mexicans who were at work for him recognized the precious metal at a glance and by their shouts of "Ora!" "Ora!" soon had the men filling their pockets with the nuggets which strewed the channel as thick as gravel-stones.

Mr. Marshall jumped on the back of a mule and took his coat pockets full down to General Sutter for examination. It is needless to say that the mill was abandoned and the country soon swarmed with gold diggers. Two years later, when I went there, they were as thick as ants in an ant-hill, and everybody was so rich they hardly knew what to do with their gold. At first it was a common thing to take out $2 01)0 or $3000 to the pan, and men would throw up their diggings in disgust and seek better ground until they got about that. One miner, Joe Beaman, of Nevada City, threw up his claim after going down 10 feet or so, and two others took it, and after throwing out a few more shovels of dirt struck it so rich that they cleaned up not less than $25,- 000 in two feet of dirt. William A. Hutchinson,, a friend of mine, with a company of 12 or 14 men, came down from Oregon and went into a canon, afterwards called Oregon Canon from their party, and it is incredible the amount of gold they took out of that canon. There was no lumber and all used pans, but four men. who got them a rocker and went into partnersliii). They went ia the diggings in the Spring, and when it grew cold in the fall they threw up their claim as ricli as they found it, but they loaded a donkey with all the gold he coui'U carry and every one of them had all they could stagger under. Two and three thousand dollars a aay was a very common result of the work of three men with pans. One of Hutchinson's partners was digging away in his hole one day when he cried out, "Hutch, the derned hole has petered out." "Hutch" went into the hole with him to crack his little joke and gathering up a single pan of the dirt they put it aside in a handkerchief, and when they weighed it they had 62yi ounces or $1125. That canon was about ten or twelve miles long, and starting up in the mountains ran southwest into the middle fork of the American river. Probably ten million dollars of gold has been taken out of that canon.

There were a good many disappointments and mistakes, and some surprises among the miners, though, and one of the greatest of the mistakes was the most common. Gold was so plentiful the miners thought it was inexhaustable, and didn't prize it nor take care of what they got. I was one of the biggest of all the big fools. I went into the mines in 1850 and staid there till 1S9S, and I suppose I have dug half a ton of gold, but I haven't a dollar. I had two brothers with me, and we once took up a very promising claim, I thought, but after holding it a while my eldest brother got a chance to sell for $600, and after he had teased us till we gave in, it was turned over and we got the $600. But in two weeks the buyers had taken out a cool $100,000 and more. That claim "petered" for us, and no mistake.

A very common way of setting the boundaries of a claim at that time in those diggings was for a miner with his pick to strike a circle at arm's length, and $20,000. $30,000 or $40,000 would be cleaned up down to bed rock.

I left that locality after a while and went up into Nevada and Yuba Counties, on the Yuba river, where we constructed a wing dam and cleaned up $4,000 or $5,000 a day. We mined as far down as Marysville and took uul fro m$.")i).UOO to $1(I0.- 000 to a flume. I believe that country is yet rich in gold, but this old man will never go after it.

California has had as picturesque and eventful a history as any spot on earth. She produced twice as much gold ($50,000,000) in 1850 as the entire territory comprised in the present United States had yielded from Columbus' time down to Marshall's discovery in 1848. She produced more gold in 1853 ($65,- 000,000) than any other spot on the globe of equal area ever has turned out in twelve months, except the Rand district in South Africa, just before the Boer war. Over $1,500,000,000 of the yellow metal has been picked up from the Golden State's placers or dug from its mines since 1848, and the end is not yet in sight.

1 was in California five years before my wife came to me. She was a relative of the noted Dr. Benjamin Franklin, being his niece. We had five children, three of whom are now dead. I have one son in El Paso, California, and one daughter in Alton. My youngest son, George W. McCoy, went hunting in Alaska and never returned. My wife died in 1860.

On the 24th day of June, 1904, this genial religne of the past was 7 9 years old. A native of Jackson County, Tennessee, a son of native North Carolinians, raised to 12 years of age among the mountains, for thirteen years a resident of Williamson County, from 1837 to 1850, then a miner in California for 48 .-ears, the old man has preserved his vigor, his honesty and his simplicity almost unimpaired to the present time. The snap-shot we secured of the old man shows him in his favorite corner, at the entrance of Amzi White's residence, with his favorite paper, the San Francisco Call, on his lap. Though he consented with his tongue his heart refused to go to the photographer's for a good picture. i iiis would have invovled a general combing, trimming and brushing up, of which a mountaineer and Californian miner was never guilty. So I gave up the job and contented myself with a snap-shot at him in his everyday outfit, in which alone his many friends would recognize him.

Public Officials Of The City Of Carterville

THE City of Carterville is located near the Western boundary of County, Illinois, in Carterville precinct. The original plat of the town on file in the Recorder's office at Marion is accompanied by the following memorandum: the Southeast quarter of Section No. 3. Township Xo. 9 South, of Range No. 1 East in the County of Williamson and State of Illinois, according to the above plat, this 17th day of February. 1S72. H. L, Beasley. Surveyor."

Northeast quarter of Section 10; west half of northwest quarter of Section 11; west half of southwest quarter of Section 2; southeast quarter of Section 3; south half of north-

Sizbmore'S Concert Band, Cartervii.Le

SIZBMORE'S CONCERT BAND, CARTERVII.LE. Names of members, counting from left to right: First Row - Matt \V. Watson, James Taylor, Lacy Payton, Wm. McEwen, Thos. Parrott. Second Row - James Hutton, John B. Rowett, William Peebles, Richard Hadneld, Alex. McRae, Chester Taylor. Third Row- -Hiram Rice, Charles Dunn, John King, Frank Sizemore, leader: Fred Bevard, Klah Hodges, Wm. Swaar. Rob. Parrott and Joe Hadfleld were not present when the picture was taken. All are rpembersof the Musicians Union.

To this petition there were thirtysix signatures. A population of 3 00 was sworn to by J. A. Bundy, George M. McNeil, before L. D. Crain, J. P., at Crain City, and the petition approved April 10, 1S72. The election was held January 22, ISSl, at Crain City. Thirty-eight votes were cast, twenty-nine for and nine against. The commissioners of election were F. M. Grimes, T. C. Crain. B. F. Norton, William Curtin and B. P. Spiller. The certificate is sworn to June 25th, 18S1, before Brice Holland and John H. Reynolds, J. P's.. and the papers filed by W. H. Eubank, Attorney, June 29th, 1881.

The following are the first officers chosen for the new Village. President, Jonathan Bandy: Clerk, J. D. Herrin: Treasurer, Laban Carter: Trustees, William Tranbarger, V. S. Harris, E. C. Jones, James Blair, George McNeil.

In 189 2 the Village was incorporated as a city with the following public officers: G. C. Philips, Mayor: W. W. Sizemore, Clerk: J. B. Samuels, Treasurer: C. A. Bander, Attorney: Aldermen, W. W. Snyder, P.

The present official roll is as follows: E. B. Watson, Mayor: James Ballow, Clerk: William McEwan, Treasurer: J. L. Gallimore, City Attorney: S. P. W'atson, Street Commissioner: B. P. Bandy, Police Magistrate: Geo. Walker, City Marshal: Charles Craig and L. E. Robertson, Justices of the Peace. Council, Henry Zimmerman, James W^inning, John Murphy, James McEwan, Jos. Stalcup, Samuel Russell.

It is furnished with electric lights by the Hope Electric Light Co., and is one of the best lighted cities in Southern Illinois. It has a fine grove, which was purchased for a park in 1894, where all out-ofdoors public gatherings are held.

The city has been visited by very destructive fires four times. The first in March, 1885: then in April. 1897: August, 1898, and August. 1900. But it has been practically rebuilt with brick in a more substantial manner, much to the satisfaction of the inhabitants.

complete list of the industries of the city at the present time: Five General stores, one Hardware store, two Clothing stores, six Restaurants. two Confectionaries, one Electric I^ight Plant, three Lumber Yards, five Barber Shops, two Blacksmith Shops, one Photograph Gallery, two Drug Stores, two Shoe Shops, two Livery Stables, two Feed Stables, two Tailor Shops, one Bakery, one Jewelry Store, one Harness Shop, two Millinery Stores, two Butcher Shops, five Grocery Stores, two Hotels, one Furniture and Exchange Store, one Laundry, two Furniture and Undertaking Rooms, one Cigar Factory, four Boarding Houses, two Opera Houses, one Weekly Newspaper, nine Saloons, one Cornet Band, two Dentists, three Lawyers, one Surveying and Engineering Co., four Insurance Agents, two Printing Offices, four Resident Ministers, four Physicians.

The first store in Carterville was conducted by John Herrin, Sr., on the spot where the Thompson House now stands. The first religious service was conducted by Elder Henry Boles in 1871. The first Boarding

The Hope Electric Light Plant

House was run by James Thompson, where William Lockie now lives. The first Postmaster was Aschal Connor. The first grist-mill and saw-mill was built and operated by James M. Washburn in 1S82. The Carterville Milling Company was established in 1854. also the Taylor Bros, planing mill the same year. The Illinois Central Railway Company built its present depot in 1888.

It has e.xcellent oflScers and teachers of the different grades and two fine school buildings. A neat frame building of two stories with four rooms was built in 1895 and a large commodious, well-lighted brick built in 1898. An excellent school library has been provided by the Board of Education, which comprises the following gentlemen: Dr. J. W. Vick, President: ,1. L. Gallimore, Secretary: A. K. Elles, F. C. Bevard, M. Bulliner. C. E. Owen, ,Iacob West.

The following is a list of the teachers at the present time: W. L. Ozment, Supt.: Taylor Black. Principal; Mamie Coleman, Primary: Nora Ferrill, Assistant Principal: Sadie Campbell, 3rd Room: Anna :\I. Pullum, Emma Chester. 4th grade: Tirzah, Fay Goodwin,. Jlina E. Hubbell and Byrch Chamness.

With the exception of the services of the Coal Belt Electric Railroad, which conveys passengers and their baggage principally, the City of Carterville is wholly dependent upon the old Carbondale and Shawneetown Railroad, now owned ani op-

While Williamson County is essentially an agricultural County, coal mining has become its most extensive and its most important industry, and of that industry Carterville is the largest center. Coal was discovered near Carterville about l'^69 by Mr. Laban Carter, in whose honor the city was named. The first mine was opened by Connor and Bryden, and was operated as a slope. A few years later the Carterville Coal and Coke Company, under the management of A. C. Bryden, opened the Dodd Shaft and Lafiin Slope. In ISSl .John Adam Young opened a mine, which has furnished the larger portion of coal for local use.

In 1888 the Carterville Coal Co. oijened the Barr Shaft on the farm of Elijah Peterson, three-quarters of a mile northeast of the City. In 1896 the Prosperity Shaft was opened by the Scott Wilson Coal Co., now known as the New Ohio Washed Coal Company, who also operate the Fredonia mines, located on the G. Kennedy farm, two and a half miles northwest of the City. This Company has lately built one of the finest coal washing plants in the State of Illinois.

Other mines now in operation near the City are the St. Louis and Big Muddy Coal Company, the Donaly and Koenneck. the Carterville Coal Company is opening another shaft three-quarters of a mile northwest of the City, and several other companies have the opening of new

The first religious services held in Carterville were in 1871, a year before the Village charter was granted, by Henry Boles. Elder Henry Boles, a Christian preache^-, held a revival meeting in 1887, which resulted in 200 conversions.

Hopr Electric Light Plant Group Of Four Gexeratioxs

mines in the vicinity in the near future. Among the first mines of Carterville may be mentioned David Waldron, Sr.; Alex. Hutton, Sr. ; David Thomas, David True, B. P. Bandy, Perrin Spiller, William Holt. Thomas Carrie, John Hadfield, John Royatt, Walter Royatt, Thomas Lauder, Sr., John Lauder, Alex. Lauder, William Ceitry, James Thompson.

Tliis bloody riot and the cause.s which led to it, is so well told by the Chicago Inter Ocean in an interview with Mr. Sam T. Brush, the manager of the mine where it occurred that the Souvenir is content with presenting the account entire, belie\- ing that it contains the substantial truth.

"In 1890, assisted by the late Mayor E. C. Dawes, of Cincinnati, Ohio, I organized the St. Louis and Big Muddy Coal Company, for the purpose of mining and shipping coal from Jackson and Williamson Counties, Illinois." said Mr. Brush.

"In May, 1S9-5, owing to the death of Major Dawes, who was President of the Company, and to adverse business conditons, the company was put into the hands of a receiver, and bj' special order of the United States Court, I was continued as general manager of the business.

"This company, like all others, has had its experience with strikes. In 1894. 1896 and 1897 troubles of that nature confronted us, but were amicably settled to the satisfaction of both parties.

"Early in 1896, my men having been induced to strike through the machinations of the Miners Union, I found it necessary to bring in negro laborers in large bodies, as it was found impossible to let men go to the mines unaided or unprotected. Before employing the negroes I called upon the committee representing my men, and told them that I had arranged to bring from the Southern States enough negroes to

The following Fraternal Orders are well established in Carterville; The A. F. & A. M.. I. O. O. F., Modern Woodmen of America, A. O. \J. W., Knights of Pythias, Red Men. G. A. R., Daughters of Rebekah. Royal Neighbors. The Labor Organizations are well represented, numerous an1 firmly established. The following are the principal Unions; The United Mine Workers of America have four locals here; the Team Drivers Union, the Retail Clerks, Carpenters and Barbers all have locals.

The Professors And Tea

worlv the mines; that I did not wish to do so, and understanding that many of my old employes were in distress, I offered to give for distribution among the needy 1100 0 in cash if they would call my miners together and induce them to go to work by a certain day.

"The committee. all fair men. regularly took up the proposition, and assured me that they believed the miners would accept it. A meeting was called for the purpose of discussing the proposition. The officials of the State Miners Association heard of the proposed meeting, and immediately sent representatives to Carterville to protest against the acceptance of the proposition.

"Mr. Ryan, present State Secretary of the miners' organization, came to Carterville and advised the miners not to enter into any agreement. Accordingly, the proposition was rejected, and when the time expired, the negroes, who had already been engaged, and were in charge of my son, .Tames C. Brush, at Jellico, Tenn.. were brought through on a special train to Carterville and landed at the mines on the morning of May 20, 1S9.S.

"They went to work at once, and began to get out a large amount of coal. They worked without molestation a week, when a mob of 1500 men, composed of miners and men claiming to be miners, from Bellville, Duquoin and other adjacent towns in Southern Illinois, assembled at Carterville, threatening to drive away the negroes and to destroy the mining property of the St. Louis and Big Muddy Coal Company if the managers refused to discharge the negroes and reemploy the striking miners. The Sheriff came to Carterville, swore in a number of deputies and went into the town. compelling the mob to leave, and

"It then seemed to be accepted that the negroes had come to stay, and that it would be useless to attempt to drive them out. It was reported, and no doubt was true, that Mr. Mitchell, now the Pre.sident of the United Mine Workers of America, came to Carterville and advised the miners that they had no right to interfere with the operations of the St. Louis and Big Muldy Coal Company's mines, and, had his advice been followed, it is probable that the recent troubles would not have occurred.

"After July, 1S9S, nearly all the old employes of the company applied to .lames Donnelly, manager of the mines, for work, and under instructions from me to employ such men as he needed, rejecting only such as had been known to have engaged in acts of violence, he re-einployed something like 100 of the white miners, who worked peacably and apparently without friction with the colored miners, producing from July 1, 1S9S, to May 1-5, 1S99, the largest average output of coal that the mine ever made, an output larger than any other mine in the State had produced.

"It seemed that there could be no further trouble, but the arrangement was not satisfactory to the United Mine Workers, and they at once began to make trouble. About the first of May three of the employes of the coal company came to me to make complaint about their wages. The men told me if I would give them eight hours a day instead of ten, I would not have any more trouble with the union men, and would be allowed to work in peace. To this I agreed, and the eight-hour day was adopted. When the three men came to me I asked if they represented the Union, saying that I would not treat with any one representing the Miners' Union, as that organization had utterly failed in the past to keep its promises to me. The men disclaimed any connection with the Miners' Union, and protested that they only came to present their individual grievances. When I went to the mines I called Mr. Donnelly, the mine manager, to my office and told him what I had said to the three men, advising him to put them on the roll at the rate agreed upon, whereupon I was Informed by him that those three men had been sent as a committee from a lodge that had been organized by my men without my knowledge.

"Immediately the men were discharged because they had misrepresented the situation and had Induced me to make concessions that would have resulted in the claim being made that I had recognized the Miners' Union and would be bound to carry out such demands as my men might make.

"At once a strike was ordered. Nearly all the colored men refused to strike and with Irew from the secret organization that had been formed. In order to replace the men who had left my employment, I sent to Tennessee and got thirty or forty men, and had arranged for more when I learned that I could get as many miners as I wanted at Pana, the operators there having been induced to send their negro miners away. One of them telegraphed to me requesting me to send up and get some of the best men who were there without means and without any prospect of employment. On June 2.Sth, my son went lo Pana, and with the assistance of one of our employes who knew the colored miners at Pana, secured about forty miners with their families, who agreed to go to Carterville to woik. When two miles from our mines the coach in which the men and their families were traveling was fired upon and one negro woman was killed. This was on June 30. Many of the participants in the attack upon the train have been arrested and are held for murder. The trial is set for the fourth Monday in September.

"Trouble has continued at the mines. I have to go about with an escort all the time, having been assaulted in the city of Murphysboro on the night of August 12th. by two men who laid in ambush for me as I was going from my hotel to the train. An attempt was made to assault me on Thursday last, and on I'liday two negroes were driven out of town. On Saturday three white men, who are members of the militia company, but who were not on duty at the time, were assaulted in Carterville by the same men, who, with others, assaulted and killed the five negroes. A large number of the men who participated in that crime are known. Their names have been given to the coroner's jury and

M. E. Church At Creal Springs

"The Governor has assured the authorities of Williamson County that they will be offered every facility for prosecuting all of the men engaged in these riots.

"On the same day that the negroes were killed, armed men went through the train frotii Carbondale to Carterville searching for me and threatened to kill me. Several of the men now under arrest for the killing on Sunday will be indicted for the murder of June 30th, and will also be prosecuted for threatening to kill me and for destroying mining property.

"While the mine-owners have iDeen assured of protection from the county and State, they have not found that such protection was afforded them until disaster came, and as a result, have not depended entirely upon such precautions, but have provide t arms of their own in sufficient quantity and of the best quality to be used by their trusted employes in case of emergency. This fact being known to the strikers, has prevented them from coming near enough to the mines to destroy the property, although it has been discovered that on the night of July 1st they brought dynamite and secreted it in a wheat-shock only a short distance from the houses occupied by the miners.

"There is no doubt that if such precaution had not been taken Williamson county wouli today be responsible for the loss of the property belonging to the St. Louis and Big Muddy Coal Company.

armed body of men, nor do I think it creditable that I have to go around armed for protection. But I have found on several occasions lately that I would not have escaped had I not been ready to defend myself.