Derinda Township (part 4 of 5)

Capt. Harris has beeu twice married. His first marriage, which took place in Galena, May 22, 1833, was to Miss Sarah Maria Langworthy. She was born in the State of New York, Feb. 17, 1811, and died on the Island of Cuba, whither she had gone with her husband for her health, Jan. 25, 1850. She was the accomplished daughter of the late Dr. Stephen Langworthy, of Dubuque, Iowa. The following is recorded of the five children born to her and her husband, all of whom are living: Lorinda is the widow of Jonathan Dodge, and lives in Chicago, 111.; Amelia is the widow of Francis O'Farrall, and she lives in Chatfield, Minn.; Mary A. is the wife of Thomas J. Maupine, of San Francisco, Cal. ; Medora is the wife of Charles F. Trego, a prominent citizen of Chicago. Daniel S., Jr., married Miss Kittie Ott, and he lives on Puget Sound, near Seattle, Wash. The Captain was a second time married, in Galena, Aug. 25, 1851, Miss Sarah Coates becoming his wife. She was born in Tulu Township, Chester Co., Fa., March 7, 1824, and was a daughter of Samuel and Margaret (Cherrington) Coates. Mrs. Harris died Feb. 23, 1886. She was the mother of seven children, two of whom died in infancy. The others are as follows: Wenona is the wife of John V. Hellman, of Galena; Ernestine is the wife of C. F. Taylor, of Warren, in this county; Irene is the wife of John A. Gillette, of Buncombe, Lancaster Co., Wis.; I. Ann is the wife of Dr. H. L. Jenckes, of Hazel Green Wis.; Paul Cherrington is attending the military school at Faribault, Wis. He is a good scholar, and will graduate in the class of 1889, and is editor of the school paper. The death of Mrs. Harris was a severe blow, not alone to the immediate members of her household, but to a large circle of friends, and to the society of this city, which she was so fitted to adorn. She was a woman of superior culture, being highly educated and accomplished, and an artist of much skill, and the beautiful home of herself and husband still shows traces of her presence in its artistic furnishings and adornments. She was a person of strong and noble character, and for years before her death was one of the most prominent women in the State of Illinois. She was the Secretary of the Soldiers' Monument Association of Jo Daviess County, and was one of the most energetic persons in causing the erection of the soldiers' monument.

Capt. Harris is widely and favorably known throughout Jo Daviess and adjoining counties as a man of ability, possessing a broad and liberal spirit that has ever delighted in advancing the interests of the community and of his country at large, he having to this end labored, made sacrifices, and invested his capital judiciously, awaiting patiently for returns. He possesses a well-balanced, vigorous mind, and in all business transactions is methodical and strictly honorable, and, during his long residence in this county of sixty-six years, he has won the friendship of many people, who are attached to him by his frank geniality and other pleasant personal attributes. He is a thorough Eepublican in his political sentiments, and in him that party finds one of its firmest supporters.

IMOTHY KENNEDY, an influential, intelligent and well-to-do member of the farming community of Jo Daviess County, owning and managing a valuable and well-improved farm of 260 acres, pleasantly located on section 21, Vinegar Hill Township, has been closely identified with the interests of this part of the great Prairie State for nearly half a century. And although not among the earliest settlers of this region, he is justly classed among its pioneers, as since he came here, a stalwart, energetic youth, he has actively aided in developing its mineral wealth and other marvelous resources, and has been prominently connected with its civic life in various responsible public positions. Mr. Kennedy was born in County Tipperary, Irelaud, in the year 1826, and his parents, Timothy and Anora (Maley) Kennedy, were likewise natives of that county. They were there married, and continued to reside in their old home until 1835, when they emigrated to America, landing in Quebec, and coming thence directly to Chicago. They subsequently settled in Lockport, Will Co , 111., whore Mr. Kennedy purchased land on which he and his family resided for some years. They then removed to Lake County, this State, and buying land the father and mother passed the remainder of their lives there, and are now lying side by side, sleeping the sleep of the just, in the cemetery at Lockport. he having died in 1839, at the age of sixty-three years, and she in 1837, aged fifty-eight. They were people of sterling worth, conscientious Christians, and esteemed members of the Catholic Church, as are all their children. They had six children, all of whom were born in. Ireland, and all came together to America, viz: Margaret, Patrick, Anora, Mary, Timothy, and Martin (deceased).

The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm in Ireland, and in the schools of his native county obtained the rudiments of a sound education, which was still further developed by a course of study in a High School, which fitted him for the duties of life, and to discharge with ability and credit the responsibilities resting on him as a man and a citizen. After coming to the United States, his education was still further advanced liy attendance at an excellent school in Chicago, and at the end of his school days he was a proficient scholar. He was a lad of fourteen years, of unusual intelligence and manliness, when he came to Jo Daviess County, to find employment in the mines at Vinegar Hill. He intended at the time to stay here but a few weeks or months at the most, but in his case we see another verification of the old adage, "Man proposes, God disposes," for instead of staying here only a short time, as was his original intention, nearly half a century has elapsed since he first set foot on these prairies, and he is yet living in the locality where he first pitched his tents. He settled where he now resides in 1842, claiming at that time Government land to the amount of 225 acres. He followed mining for a number of years on a large scale, has developed lfirje quantities of mineral, and made a financial success of his venture in that line. Of late he has devoted himself to agricultural pursuits, and farms to stock and grain. He is characterized as a truly representative man of this county, and Vinegar Hill Township, whose interests he has materially advanced, may well be proud to claim him as a citizen. Mr. Kennedy affiliates with the Democratic party, to the principles of which he is ardently attached and warmly espouses, being an earnest defender of Jeffersonian and Jacksonian principles of a just and popular Government. As before stated, he has taken an active part in public life; was elected Justice of the Peace of this township in 1864, an office which he held consecutively for nearly a quarter of a century; he was elected to the Supervisorship in 1868, and served eight consecutive years; was Assessor for two years, and Collector for two years, discharging the duties of each and every trust in a manner truly commendable to him and to the entire satisfaction of his constituents.

The marriage of Mr. Kennedy to Ellen McMahon took place June 24, 1849, and to them have been born twelve children, as follows : Thaddeus, Martin, Patrick and Mary (deceased), Philip, James, Anna, Nelly, Maggie, Lizzie, Rhoda, and an infant deceased. All of the children have received fine educations, and Thaddeus, Patrick and Philip became successful teachers in the public schools of Jo Daviess County. Mr. Kennedy and his family are devoted members of the Catholic Church. He is well preserved physically and mentally; is a man of sound common sense, and his mind is well-stored with useful information, he being a careful and intelligent reader of good literature, and he is posted not only on the affairs of the day, but has a good knowledge of the past, and is as familiar with history as with the local affairs of the neighborhood. Mr. Kennedy had the good fortune to secure a good wife, who has aided him in the upbuilding of their pleasant home, which is replete with all the comforts of life. Mrs. Kennedy was born in New York City in 1837, and is a daughter of .the late Simon and Mary (Fox) McMahon, natives of Clare County, Ireland, where they resided until their emigration to this county in 1 835. They settled in New York City, and there resided until their removal to Galena in 1840. Mr. McMahon engaged in business here the remainder of his life, dying in 1858, at the age of sixty-three years. His wife survived him until 1876, when she too passed away, at the age of fifty. They were the parents of the following six children: Ellen; Mary, de- ceased; Bridget resides in this county; P^liza; Margaret also lives in this county; John, deceased. Both Mr. and Mrs. McMahon were faithful members of the Catholic Church.

lAMES PHILLIPS. Prominent among the wealthy farmers and stock-raisers of Jo Daviess County is the subject of this sketch, who is extensively engaged in agricultural pursuits in Woodbine Township, making a specialty of raising Short-horns of a high grade, having one of the finest herds of blooded cattle in this part of the State, and he also raises a large number of Poland-China hogs, the best to be found in this vicinity. He has a large and well-managed farm, comprising 484 acres, in a fine condition in point of cultivation and improvement; 389 acres being on sections 21, 22, and 27, this township, twenty acres in Guilford Township, this county, and seventy-five acres in Scales Mound Township. He has a beautiful home, replete with all the comforts of modern life, having remodeled his house after purchasing his place, and he has a fine and commodious set of farm buildings, having built three good barns since settling here. Mr. Phillips has also recently erected a hog sanitarium on his place - the first and only one in Jo Daviess County, made from the patent of E. M. Crummer, of Belleville, Kan. It prevents hog cholera, and affords a great saving in feed. We quote the following description of the Hog Sanitarium from the pen of Mr. Crammer: "The great value of the Sanitarium consists in its simplicity and utility as a labor and a, feed saver, and in the fact that nitrogenous and laxative food can be fed in it with corn, in such proportions as will give the feeder the best results in feeding. It also affords an opportunity for feeding salt, sulphur, etc., thus thoroughly mixed through the feed. No Sanitarium hog, properly fed, eats a mouthful of food without salt in it. This will be found much more practical than feeding salt in the usual way in a concentrated form, and where many of the hogs get none. The Sanitarium is adapted to the use of the great body of the farmers in medium circumstances, as well as extensive feeders, for it can be built of large or small capacity, to suit his present needs, and added to at any time. It does away with the necessity of resorting to the costly experiment of borrowing 1 per cent, money in order to buy cattle to run with the hogs, in order to make the hogs do better - a practice so common in the West - for Sanitarium hogs properly fed do much better than cattle hogs.. I guarantee this, and all feeders will acknowledge that for several years past feeding cattle has been, generally speaking, a losing business. At least, where there has been a profit from the stock-yard it has been on account of having a good supply of hogs, and good luck with them. 1 am willing rto give all farmers an opportunity to see the Sanitarium in operation before asking them to purchase a permit of farm right; and for this purpose I will furnish free of charge (except twenty-five cents to cover cost of door-plate, plans, postage, etc.) to one farmer in each township, a permit to build and operate. Applications to be made through the Township Trustee, to prevent repetition. Feeder to be erected within thirty days of date of permit, and permit to be issued to first applicant. This proposition is open to where there has been no prior applications in a township, and applies only to the States of Iowa, Nebraska, Missouri, and Kansas. The Sanitarium, used according to directions, will save to the farmer, who raises sixty to eighty acres of corn to feed, from $150 to $300 yearly. The daily gain of Sanitarium hogs, properly fed, w,ill depend largely on several things; protection from storm, quality of stock, feed and water provided, will all have their influence, but ordinarily good thrifty hogs of 175 to 200 pounds weight should put on from one and one-half to two and one-half pounds daily under favorable surroundings, and bring a return of from ten to sixteen pounds net gain from a bushel of corn, or its equivalent in mixed food. Of course, with equally careful feeding, hogs will do better in mild weather than when extreme cold prevails." Besides his farm Mr. Phillips owns other valuable property, including lot No. 10 in the village of Woodbine.

was an eminently respected citizen and a pioneer of Jo Daviess County, was likewise a native of England. He was reared and married in the land of his nativity ; Elizabeth Pellar, likewise of English birth, becoming his wife. Their marriage was blessed to them by the birth of eight children: Mary A. (Mrs. Pellar), James, Elizabeth (Mrs. Wick), Richard, Francis, William H., Margaret (Mrs. Grindey), and Catherine. In 1842 they emigrated with their family to this country, and settled in Hazel Green, Grant Co., Wis., where Mr. Phillips was actively engaged in lead-mining three years. In 1845 he brought his family to Scales Mound Township, this county, where he and his wife made their home the remaining years of their lives, he dying May 23, 1885, at an advanced age, and she passing away Oct. 29, 1888, at the age of seventy-three. During his residence in this county Mr. Phillips was engaged in mining and farming very profitably for many years, and he greatly aided his fellow-pioneers in developing the resources of his adopted township.

James Phillips was only about three years old when his parents took him from the land of his birth and brought him to the United States, under whose institutions he was reared to a vigorous and able manhood, and he has known no other home. lie received a substantial education in the public schools, and, with characteristic independence of spirit and ambition, early started out to make his own way in the world. In 1862, in the prime of early manhood he sought the gold fields of California. He went by the way of the Isthmus of Panama, and on the voyage the ship in which he sailed picked up the captain and those who were left of the crew and passengers of a ship that had preceded the one he was in;, it having been wrecked, and many on board losing their lives. Our subject was busily engaged in the mines of California digging for gold until 1865, when, weary of the rough life of a miner, he gathered together his riches and turned his face homeward. February 26, 1867, he bought his present farm, and has ever since been a valued citizen of Woodbine Township.

Mr. Phillips has had the able assistance of a good wife, to whom he was united in marriage Feb. 22, 1866. Her maiden name was Emily H. Grindey, and she was born in Staffordshire, England. She is a daughter of James Grindey, deceased, who was a pioneer of Scales Mound, coining to this county in 1846. Three children have been born to our subject and his wife, as follows: Isabella II., whose birth occurred Jan. 1, 1867; Francis James, born July 12, 1868, who died in his ninth year,; and Samuel Jesse, whose birth occurred May 31, 1871. Isabella and Jesse are at home with their parents.

Mr. Phillips, during a residence here of twentytwo years, has thoroughly identified himself with the best interests of this township, whose material prosperity he has so actively advanced by his enterprise, sagacity, and far-reaching foresight in the prosecution of his own work, and in him the citizenship of this community received a valuable addition. He posssesses in a large degree sociability and companionableness, and his attractive home is the center of a charming hospitality. He generously contributes to charitable objects, and gives liberally to support the Gospel, although not a member of any church. He has been School Director and School Trustee for several years, but never seeks office, not caring for public life.

OHN M. MILLER. The ideal country home is admirably illustrated in the one owned and occupied by this citizen, who is one of the most valued members of the community of Dunleith Township. His farm, which is pleasantly located on sections 3, 34 and 35, possesses fpr him more than ordinary significance, as it comprises the land which he secured when first coming a pioneer to Jo Daviess County. The improvements then consisted of a small shanty, 10x12 feet in area and 8 feet in height, in which the family lived about a year until they could build a better residence. This next structure they occupied until 1865, and then there was erected a substantial dwelling of brick and stone on the bilinear by. The task of climbing the hill, however, became a burden to the Miller family, ;ind in 1882 our subject, to whom the property had in the meantime fallen, partly as his share and partly by purchase, constructed his present commodious farm-house at the foot of the hill and near the highway. Other buildings in the meantime have sprung up around it, including a fine, large barn, across the road from the house used for general purposes, and a large hay-barn with a capacity of 100 tons. This latter is situated some distance away. Upon the hill, e.ast, there is still another barn. Mr. Miller at present is giving his attention chiefly to stock-raising, making a specialty of Short-honi cattle, of which he feeds annually about 100 head.

The first twelve years of the life of our subject were spent on the other side of the Atlantic, in the Grand Duchy of Baden, Germany, where he was born June 22, 1835. He came with his parents, William and Sarah (Messner) Miller, to the United States in 1847, and until 1860 they sojourned in the State of New York, and in Northern Wisconsin (at a place now called Menominee City). In the spring of that year they removed to this county, and our subject, in company with his brother Jake, rented the land upon which the subject of our sketch lives. In 1864 this farm, comprising 605 acres, became theirs by joint purchase. In 1875 our subject purchased the interest of his brother in the property, and he has since given to it his best efforts, with the results which we behold to-day, and which it would seem he might reflect upon with abundant satisfaction. It is hardly nee essary to say that it has been brought to its present state only by years of industrious labor and the outlay of a large amount of money. In the fall of 1882 Mr. Miller and his family visited the home of his childhood in Germany, spending the winter following with the friends and associates of his youth.

On the 12th of May, 1868, was celebrated the marriage of our subject with Miss Frederica Geigele. This lady was born in the Grand Duchy of Baden, Germany. Her parents were Gottlieb and Elizabeth (Miller) (Jeigele, who wr-re aha bora in the Grand Duchy of Baden, where they were reared and married. Mrs. Miller came to the United States in the year 1866. Her mother is now living in Germany, and her father is deceased. They were all Protestants in religion, and Mrs. Miller belongs to Zion's (Evangelical) Church. To Mr. Miller and his good wife there have been born six children, viz.: Carrie Elizabeth, Katie Melia, John Louis, Raymond Frederick, Henry Elmer and Addie Idella. Mr. Miller has two brothers, one of whom, Jake, resides near Portland, Oregon, where he is farming; the other, Frederick, is farming at Algona, Iowa. They both owrn farms. He has three sisters - Kale Mink, who resides with her husband at Burton, Wis.; Sarah Mark, who resides near Cedar Falls, Iowa; and Caroline Thill, who resides in East Dubuque.

Our subject politically usually affiliates with the Republican party; he voted for Lincoln, and has been quite prominent in local affairs, serving as Commissioner of Highways several terms and as a School Trustee in his district a number of years. A view of the home farm is shown in this volume.

5HOMAS HOWARTH, a pioneer of 1849, be ^ gan farming on a tract of wild land in 2? Woodbine Township, and the first season operated as a renter. He had made his headquarters at the embryo village of Elizabeth, where he has since lived, largely engaged in mining operations. At odd times, however, he followed the trade of painter, which he had learned in his youth, doing business largely as a contractor. He is one of the oldest living settlers of Elizabeth Township, and is regarded with that respect which is naturally awarded those who located upon this section of country in the primitive days, and have borne no unimportant part in its growth and development.

Like many of the men who came to Northern Illinois nearly fifty years ago, our subject was born on the other side of the Atlantic, his native place being in Lancashire, England, and the date of birth Dec. 21, 1824. He is the offspring of an excellent family, being the son of William and Elizabeth (Preston) Howartli', who wore alao of English birth and parentage. He received a good English education, and was reared to manhood in his native county. The parental family included thirteen children, of whom the following survive, namely : Robert, a minister of the Church of England, and stationed in the city of Manchester; Thomas, our subject; William, also a minister and a resident of Greenwich, England; Edward, a civil engineer, living at Chorley, England; James, who was educated for a physician, but is occupied at saddlery manufacturing iu England.

The father of our subject possessed some means, and was a classical scholar. He was greatly desirous of giving his children a good education, and those who would stud}' received excellent advantages. Thomas, when thirteen years of age, began an apprenticeship as a plumber and glazier, at which he served seven years in Chorley, and then went into business for himself in the same place in company with his cousin, Thomas McLeod. They continued together about eighteen months; then our subject disposed of his interest in the business to His partner, preparatory to coming to America. He set out for the promised land in 1848, taking passage on a sailing-vessel at Liverpool, and after an ocean voyage of six weeks and two days, via the West Indies, landed in the city of New Orleans.

Making a short tarry at the point above mentioned, our traveler proceeded up the Mississippi to St. Louis, Mo., and from there to Shullsburg, Wis., where he sojourned from November, 1818, until March following, then came to this count}7. On the 6th of May following he was married, in Shullsburg, Wis., to Miss Mary A. Pierce, a native of his own county in England, and the daughter of James and Elizabeth Pierce, of English birth and ancestry.

There came to bless this union eight children, five of whom are living, namely : James, a resident of Dubuque, Iowa; Edward, in California, and Arthur, in the Indian Territory; Charles A., at Cuba City, Wis., and Elizabeth, the wife of the Rev. John Willey, of the Methodist Episcopal Cliurch. The deceased are: William T. P., a physician and surgeon, who died at Chicago; Robert and Mary, who died when twenty-three and twenty-one years old, respectively. The motliei' of these passed away while on a visit to England in 1876. Mr. Howarth contracted a second marriage July 16, 1 882, with Mrs. Electa A. Lingford, widow of the late Robert Lingford, of Elizabeth, and daughter of Jonathan and Electa (Clark) Holcomb, natives of New York State.

Mrs. Electa Howarth was born Aug. 31, 1838, in Clinton County, N. Y. She was deprived by death of the affectionate care of her mother at the tender age of seven years. When fourteen years old she came to this county, to make her home with an elder sister, Mrs. Lorenzo Hopkins. She was first married Oct. 5, 1852, to Mr. Lingford, who was a native of Nottinghamshire, England, and who came to this" county in 1848. He operated a meat-market in Elizabeth for a number of years, but finally began farming. He died at his home in Elizabeth, May 24, 1873. Of this marriage there were born nine children, seven of whom are living, namely: Viola, the wife of Edward Reed, of Galena; Augusta, deceased ; Clara, Mrs. Alexander Hidenright, of Woodbine Township; Robert H., a resident of Baraboo, Wis. ; William A., in Midrid, Neb. ; Lawrence A., who is attending the High School at Fulton, 111.; Wallace, who lives in Woodbine Township, and ThoraM. (the wife of Peter Sutton), of Elizabeth. Mr. Lingford was a man greatly respected in his community, a Republican in politics, and who took an active interest in all measures having for their object the general elevation of mankind.

During the progress of the late war our subject enlisted in February, 1865, in Company A, 15th Illinois Infantry, which was assigned to the 17th Army Corps, under the command of Gen. Howard. Me was in the service nine months, being stationed mostly in North Carolina. He was at one time with the command of Gen. Sherman and participated in several skirmishes. From the Carolinas he marched with liis regiment to Washington, participating in the Grand Review. While en route to Ft. Leavenworth, Kan., in stopping over at Louisville, Ky., he received a sunstroke, from the effects of which he has never fully recovered.

Politically, Mr. Howarth is a decided Republican. He has served as Constable and Deputy Sheriff, but prefers to give his attention to his private interests rather than to become an incumbent of any office. Besides his village property in Elizabeth he is the owner of 100 acres of good land in Madison County, this State. Although perhaps not called wealthy, he is in good circumstances, with the prospect of a competence for his old age. Mrs. Howarth was a member in good standing of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

ENRY ROBERTS, of Thompson Township, is designated as one of the most popular men of his community. In business he has been very successful, and has followed mining, hotel-keeping and farming, each with excellent results. He has been quite a traveler, having explored a large proportion of the western country, and spent some years searching for the golden ore on the Pacific Slope. Mr. Roberts has also attained considerable prominence as a local politician, being one of the leading members of the Democratic part}' in this vicinity. It is predicted that ere many 3'ears his presence will grace the Legislative halls. Among his peculiarities is a close and conscientious attention to business, and this has resulted in the accumulation of a fine property, securing him against want in his declining years. His farm, comprising 160 acres of valuable land, is pleasantly located on section 12.

Our subject is the offspring of a good family, being the son of William and Ann (Pryor) Roberts, who were natives of Cornwall County, England. William Roberts emigrated to America in 1855, coming directly to this county and settling in the vicinity of Scales Mound, where he took up a tract of land, and prosecuted farming many years. He rested from his earthly labors in 1865, at the age of seventy-five years. The mother survived her husband until 1882, dying at the age of eightyeight. Their children, eleven in number, were named, respectively, William, Jr., John, Ann, Thomas, Joseph, Josiah, Henry, Mary, Grace, Angeline and Charles E.

Henry Roberts, our subject, likewise a native of Cornwall County, England, was born April 2. 1 827. His early life was passed there under the parental roof, until a young man twenty-two years of age. Not satisfied with his condition, or his prospects, he then determined to emigrate to the New World. Bidding adieu to the friends and associates of his childhood, he set out alone, in August, 1849, sailing from Plymouth, his objective point being this county. Upon his arrival here he engaged in lead mining, which he prosecuted one and one-half years with varied success. In 1881 he started for California, via the Nicaragua route, by the Vanderbilt line. Upon that trip He had the opportunity of becoming acquainted with the Vanderbilt disposition and the man who later gave

The vessel carried 1 ,000 passengers and the ship's provisions giving out, they were upon the verge of starvation. An indignation meeting was called, in which it was decided to lay the matter of supplies before the Captain, in hopes of obtaining some relief. Mr. Roberts was chosen a member of the committee to confer with this official,, whom they pressed with the point of a pistol to open the vaults of the Steward, and these were found to contain plenty. Matters were even worse after they reached the Pacific, and probably 300 men died as the result of poor and insufficient food. Upon reaching San Francisco, Mr. Roberts proceeded to Eldorado County and mined in the vicinity of Ilangtown, for three years thereafter. In the meantime he gained a large experience of life in the Great West, meeting men from all countries and often having to exercise much strategy in order to avoid trouble.

Our subject was quite well repaid for his trip and returned to his wife in this county by the same route on which he had gone. In 1855 he put up the brick hotel at Scales Mound, which he conducted for a period of seven years. In this enterprise his excellent wife proved a most efficient helper and both became very popular with the traveling public. Mr. Roberts finally exchanged his hotel property for his present farm. In 1861 he started for California the second time, and engaged in placer mining, near Mt. Chasta. He was successful in his second enterprise also, and returned via the Isthmus of Panama. Upon the day of his arrival in New York City, he read the bulletin calling- for 600,000 men to aid in the preservation of the Union. Upon returning to this county lie settled down here, and here has since been contented to remain. He became the father of eight children, the eldest of whom, a daughter, Mary Ann, is deceased. John Edwin is also deceased. The survivors are : Samuel H., William A., Emma Grace, Charles Thomas, Joseph F., and Josiah F.

Samuel Roberts, a resident of Topeka, Kan., married Miss'Sarah Tooe3', of Scales Mound, and they have two children - Martha A. and Emma May. William A. married Miss Belle Brown and is farming in Scales Mound Township; Emma G. is the wife of Richard Rowe, of Apple River, Township: the three youngest children are at home with their parents. Joseph F. intends to enter college at Topeka, Kan.

Mr. Roberts, politically, is one of the lights of the Democratic party in this part of the county. He has held the various local offices many years, officiating as School Treasurer, Township Supervisor, and Assessor, and is still holding the latter office. He is a man who has kept himself well posted upon State and National affairs and has become thoroughly identified with American institutions. There are few native-born citizens who are better acquainted with the history of the country, or who take more pride, or a deeper interest in its advancement and prosperity.

Mr. Roberts, after coming to this country, was married, in 1851, at Scales Mound, to Miss Ann, daughter of Samuel and Mary Pryor. This lady is,. like her husband, a native of Cornwall County, England, and was brought by her parents to America when a child of three years. They settled at Mineral Point in 1838. Their family consisted of eight children, of whom Ann and Thomas H. were born in England. Mary J. was born in Wisconsin ; Elizabeth, Samuel, Grace and John were born in Scales Mound. Mr. Pryor was a miner and removed from Mineral Point to Scales Mound in 1840. He was skilled in his business and did much toward developing the mining interests of this county.

Mr. Roberts cast his first Presidential vote for Franklin Pierce, and since becoming a voting citizen has given his unwavering support to the Democratic party. He is most decidedly a free-trader. He was the candidate of his party for Circuit Clerk in 1884, and ran ahead of his ticket 150 votes in the county. A few years ago, while stopping a runaway team, he was injured to such an extent that he suffered the loss of his right eye. Mrs. Roberts deserves more than mere mention among the faithful wives and mothers represented in this work. She has been the admirable assistant of her husband in his labors and plans, and is held in high esteem by her neighbors.

ttL_^ ENRY HOFFMAN. From the sister Re- JlM); public of Switzerland comes the subject of %#? this sketch. He is the son of John and (gll Elizabeth (Homberger) Hoffman, the former of whom was born Feb. 12, 1802, was a carpenter by trade, and lived in his native land all of his lifetime. The latter accompanied her children to America, and- died at the residence of our subject in Derinda Township, July 9, 1870. In their family were seven children, two of the sons dying in this country, Caspar in Washington Township, Carroll Co., 111., and Christian at Toledo, Ohio, from small-pox contracted on the vessel on the passage across the Atlantic. The particulars of his death were never fully known, as he was accompanied to that place by a stranger from Switzerland, who left him there in delirium, from which he never recovered. Jacob married Elizabeth Zolinger, a native of Zurich, Switzerland, and a farmer in Woodbine Township, Carroll County. He is also a carpenter by trade, and has built a large number of houses and barns in this county. He had one daughter, who was married, and died, leaving two small children, Jacob and Henry. Margaret was married to Jacob Bloomhart, a native of Germany, who enlisted in the Union Army during the Civil War, in one of the Illinois batteries, and was discharged at Nashville, Tenn. He had applied for a pension, and, going to the post-office for a reply, mysteriously disappeared and has never since been .heard of, either living or dead. His wife, who has no children, lives with her brother, onr subject. Bloomhart was a carpenter and joiner by trade, and also owned some land in Woodbine Township, Carroll County. Regula became the wife of John Hagy, .1 native of Switzerland, who is a merchant tailor in Elizabeth, 111. They had three sons, two of whom are married, and all live in the city of Elizabeth ; they are named John, Frederick and Albert. John wedded Kulin Igunda, a native of Saxe-Coburg, Germany, and is keeping a hotel in Savanna, Carroll Co., 111., and also a hotel in the village of Hanover, this county, and has five children: Maggie, Emma, Harry, Matilda, and a baby unnamed.

Henry Hoffman, our subject, was born Feb. 25, 1828. He received a good common-school education in his native country, where he lived until the emigration of the family to this country, where they arrived in the City of New York on March 8, 1834. Our subject soon made his way to Chicago, believing that the Great West offered the best opportunity for the poor man to acquire a home. On his arrival in Chicago, he secured work on a grading train, and made his way to Scales Mound, in this county. Here he determined to make for himself a home, and, returning to Chicago to get his baggage, he came back to Scales Mound, and upon getting there had but twenty cents in his pocket. He has been the architect of his own fortune, and everything that he has, his splendid farm of 276 acres of ground, all well-improved and either cultivated or in pasture, his fine residence and comfortable buildings, are entirely the result of his own well-directed energy and enterprise. When he first came here, this part of Jo Daviess County presented a wild appearance. Few improvements had been made, and the neighbors were few and far between. His first purchase was of fifty acres, to which he, however, soon added until he had a good farm of 180 acres. This not satisfying his ambition, he sold it and bought his present fine

Mr. Hoffman has been twice married, his first wife being Mary Downer, who was born near Munich, Bavaria, and who died Sept. 14, 1872. His present wife was Miss Eve Barbara Everhart, a native of Bavaria, who came to America in 1870. To this union six children have been born, all of whom live with their parents and form a bright, happy and intelligent family. They are named : Henry William, Wilhelm, Manie, John, Charles and Fred. During the late war our subject served in the 42d Illinois Volunteer Infantry, doing duty until February, 1865, when he received an honorable discharge. He was personally acquainted with Gen. Grant, the late Congressman E. B. Washburne, Gen. John A. Rawlins, and many other prominent men. In his political views he is an ardent Republican. His first vote was cast for Abraham Lincoln, and he has voted for the candidates of that party ever since, and is heartily glad that Harrison is to fill the Presidential chair for the next four years.

In addition to his general farming and stockraising Mr. Hoffman makes a specialty of feeding yearling calves for the Chicago market, a branch of business in which he has been more than ordinarily successful. A self-made man in the fullest acceptation of the word, owing everything to his own industiy, enterprise and upright character, Mr. Hoffman is a good example of what may be accomplished by any young man starting out in the world similarly endowed and with an honest determination to succeed.

SAMUEL McFADDEN, an old and wellknown citizen of Apple River Township, owns and occupies 160 acres of land on section 34, where he has built up a comfortable homestead. A native of Belaly Township, County Antrim, Ireland, he was born July 14, 1834, and received his education at the London Hibernia Society. He emigrated to America when a boy of fourteen years, in company with his mother and her family, and worked for a time in New York City as an errand boy and butcher, and later, at the age of fifteen years, began learning the trade of saddler. At this he served an apprenticeship pf three years, but it proved too confining, and he finally abandoned it.

of English descent and came from a family of rare mechanical genius. The mother was born in St. Johns, New Brunswick as was also her daughter, Catherine M., the latter in April, 1835. She received her education principally in a private school and preserves many pleasing recollections of the old home on the St. Johns River, when she could stand in her mother's door, and view frequently as many as twenty ships coming up on its bosom. The mother died at the old homestead there when the daughter was a girl of sixteen years, and the latter then joined her relatives in New York City, going by the way of Portland and Boston. Two years later she was married, and after the birth of one child, a son, Samuel Arthur, our subject, and his wife, in 1855, came to Illinois, locating at New Diggings, where Mr. McFadden first worked in the mines, and then engaged in farming in Centre Township, La Fayette Co., Wis.

In 1862 Mr. McFadden purchased forty acres of land, the nucleus of his present large farm. In due time he became the father of twelve children, the eldest of whom, Samuel A., married Miss Edith Carlett, and is engaged as an engineer on the Chicago, Burlington & Western Railway, having his headquarters at Baraboo, Wis. ; Thomas S. is engaged as a stock-dealer in this county; James W. remains at the homestead ; Alice E. married Reuben Poyser, who is farming in Apple River Township; John H. married Miss Esther Hicks, and resides in White Oak Springs Township, Wis.; George E., Katie, Maggie, Wesley A., Effle, and Melvin are at home with their parents; Minnie died at the age of three years.

In the biography of James McFadden (which will be found on another page in this volume) there is noted more fully the ancestral history of our subject. The family is of Scotch-Irish origin, and and grandmother Christiana (Russell) McFadden frequently reverted with pardonable pride to the family coat-of-arms, which illustrated a sword and dragon with the legion, '-Fought and Conquered." Physically, they were people of unusual strength and symmetry, and inclined mostly to the mechanical arts. In the parental family of our subject there were seven children, namely: William, Elias, Martha, James; Thomas, who died in Ireland when a small boy ; Samuel, our subject, and John. William was a soldier in the British Army, and our subject only remembers seeing him but once in his life. Elias was the first one of the family to come to America, and has not been heard of since 1862, at which time he was in Tennessee; Martha was married, in New York City, to Mr. John Crawford. John is one of the leading men of Apple River Township.

Mrs. McFadden had three brothers and one sister, William, the eldest, went to sea at an early age, and finally became a ship-carpenter; he is now occupied as a Government Agent in British Columbia. Eliza has been a resident of Tallahassee, Fla., since 1858; Armstrong is also there; John W. went to Vancouvers Island, and was drowned while working in the gold mines. Mr. McFadden cast his first Presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln, and has since supported the principles of the Re publican party. He brought one of the first reapers into Jo Daviess County, and both he and his excellent wife have done a large amount of hard labor. They are now comfortably situated, and are people highly respected in their community. Mrs. Mc- Fadden has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church since a maiden of sixteen years.

/p^EORGE W. KRELL, one of the youngest (l( <^§? men rePresented in this work, and evidently ^^J( destined to become a prominent citizen of Woodbine Township, is a native of this township, and was born March 24, 1861. He received good school advantages in his youth, pursuing his studies quite regularly until eighteen^ years of age. He is a son of one of the pioneers of Jo Daviess County, George Krell, a native of Hessen, Germany, and born April 15, 1826.

The father of our subject remained a resident of his native land until a young man twenty-two years old. He then set out for America, landing safely in New York Citj-, and thence proceeded to Philadelphia, Pa. We next find him in Schuylkill County at Tomoqua, a mining town where he sojourned a period of seven years. Next he returned to Philadelphia, and from there went to Har risburg, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Ohio, and finally to Chicago, 111. From that point he made his way to Warren, this county, and later entered a tract of Government land in Woodbine Township in company with one John Hood. Later they divided the property, and Mr. Krell becime the owner of seventy acres, none of which had been improved. He put up a log cabin after the rude fashion of that time, with a roof of clapboards, oak boards for a floor, and other furnishings to correspond. The father of our subject was a member of the 32d Illinois Infantry during the war of the Rebellion, and served gallantly with his regiment until the close of the war. When George W., our subject, was two years old a storm came up, blew off the roof of the cabin and left the family for a time quite uncomfortable. The elder Krell by hard labor succeeded in building up a good homestead, and subsequently purchased ten acres more which gave him a snug farm of eighty acres where he spent the remainder of his life, and died Sept. 7, 1888.

Mrs. Eliza (Schaffer) Krell, the mother of our subject, also a native of Hessen, Germany, was born Oct. 4, 1825, and received a good education in her native tongue. She can also read and write English quite well. She was married May 11, 1848, in Tamaqua, Pa., and the parents lived there for some time afterward before coming to Illinois. In due time the household circle numbered seven children, five of whom are living: Eliza became the wife of Basil Zink, a farmer of Derinda Township; Eva, ' Mrs. Charles Bowman, lives in Stockton; Louisa is the wife of Joseph Green, a farmer of Pleasant Valley; Harriet Matilda married George Ruff of Woodbine, who is employed on the railroad.

Our subject was married on the 23d day Of March, 1882, to Miss Emma Ida, daughter of William and Rozella (Radkey) Mattke, who was born in Derinda Township April 28, 1864. Her parents were natives of Germany, and are now living in Derinda Township, this county. This union resulted in the birth of three children: Elsie May, George William, and Emma Ida. The homestead proper embraces eighty acres of land while our subject owns ninety acres adjoining, and 140 acres in Stockton Township, all of which is in a good state of cultivation with fair imprpvements. Mr. Krell does not make a specialty of any one department of agriculture, but raises grain, cattle, horses, and swine. He votes the straight Republican ticket but has no ambition for office. In religious matters he remains neutral, while his excellent wife belongs to the German-Lutheran Church. He has a pleasant family, a nice home, and is surrounded by all life's comforts; among these being hosts of friends.

ONALD McKENZIE was, in years gone by, a prominent pioneer of Woodbine Township, has had much to do with its government in an official capacity, and is now numbered among its most substantial, trusty, and well-to-do citizens. He has been interested in its agriculture for nearly forty years, and his fine farm on section 27, with its valuable deposits of lead ore, that within that time he has evolved from the wild prairies, is classed among the best farms in the township.

Our subject was born in the city of Glasgow, Scotland,, June 18, 1819, to John and Catherine (McLean) MeKenzie, likewise natives of that country. They had five children besides our subject: John, Alexander, Archibald, and two who died in childhood. The family emigrated to this country in 1836, and settled in Govanstown, four miles from Baltimore, Md., where the parents and John died. Alexander went to California in 1850, subsequently returned, and in 1853 died on the plains while making his second trip to the Pacific Coast. Archibald died in St. Louis, Mo.

Donald, the subject of this biographical notice, went to St. Louis in 1840, and came from there here in 1844. In 1850 he went to California, driving a team of horses all the way. He was engaged in mining for gold for eighteen months, but tiring of the wild, rough life of the mining camps, in the spring of 1852 he returned to this part of the country, and purchasing his present farm, has been an honored resident of Jo Daviess County ever since. When he first came back he worked in the lead mines of Elizabeth for awhile, but soon began to improve his land, and the 142 acres comprising - - ^ - -^ - - ^ »> his homestead are in a fine condition, and are provided with neat and tasty farm buildings, and all the appliances for tilling the soil. And our subject also has some fine herds of stock, he paying much attention to rearing cattle, hogs, and horses.

December 24, 1849, Mr. McKenzie was married to Catherine, daughter of John Williams. After a happy wedded life of seven years she passed to the life beyond, April 29, 1857. The second marriage of our subject, which occurred April 1, 1858, was with Mrs. Sarah Madge, widow of James Madge, and a daughter of Mathew Atchison. She was born in Mercer County, Pa., and came to this county in 1845. Mr. and Mrs. McKenzie had four children: Sarah C. (who died in her nineteenth year), John C, Mary G., and William L.

Mr. McKenzie inherited to a large extent the forethought, competence, and industrious habits so characteristic of his Scotch ancestry, and they have been important factors in raising him to the honorable position he has so long occupied among his fellow-townsmen, who see in him a man whose upright course through a long and busy life, and whose uncompromising virtue, entitle him to the highest respect and consideration, which they gladly yield to him. He never sought official honors, but they have sought him, and he has been an incumbent of various responsible offices, and has been Supervisor of the Township many times, amounting in all to twenty years of service in that capacity. He and his good wife, who shares with him the esteem in which he is held, are valued members of the Presbyterian Church, and they are strong in the faith.

AVID HAIZLETT. There are few more worthy representatives of the farming and stock-raising- interests of Elizabeth Township than the gentleman herewith named, who is pleasantly located on section 19. He has preserved an affectionate solicitude in the growth and development of the county for a lone period, as it was here he was born on the 27th of February, 1851. His honored parents, Charles and Jane (Hood) Haizlett, settled in this county during the period of its early history, upon their emigration from their native county, Donegal, in Ireland, where they were reared and married.

The parents of our subject crossed the Atlantic in 1840, and made their way directly to this county, poorly equipped with hard cash, but with a goodly amount of energy and perseverance. The father employed himself at whatever he could find to do the first year. They lived in Rice Township about one year, then settled in Elizabeth Town ship on section 9, being the first family to occupy a portion of Irish Hollow. Charles Haizlett put up the first dwelling on the raw prairie - a log house, which was later supplanted by the fine brick residence of to-day. In the absence of horses and wagons, he utilized oxen and a cumbrous twowheeled cart until he could afford to do better. He lived to develop a good farm, and became prominent among his fellow-citizens as the country settled up with an intelligent class of people. He voted understandingly the Republican ticket, and in religious matters was a conscientious member of the Presbyterian Church. He was gathered to his fathers Dec. 24, 1883, and in his death Jo Daviess County lost one of her most valued citizens. He had served as a School Director in his district, and was a man whose opinions were held in general respect.

There was born to the parents of our subject a large family of children, the eldest of whom, a son, Richard, is a resident of Missouri; Martha is the wife of William Reed, of Warren, 'this county; Rebecca and David are at home with their mother. The deceased children passed away at the ages of thirty-eight and twenty -one years. The widowed mother, since the death of her husband, has continued to reside at the old homestead, and has now nearly numbered her four-score years. She, like her husband, connected herself with the Presbyterian Church early in life, and of this still remains a member.

David Haizlett, our subject,' was reared from a child to manhood at the homestead where he now lives, and has been content to follow agricultural pursuits. He is fairly educated, and has obtained a fund of general information by the perusal of books and the leading newspapers of the day. He is the owner of 192 acres of good land in Elizabeth Township and a quarter section in Rice Township. In politics he is a Republican, and maintains his principles with the steadfastness which is one of the prominent traits of his character. If anything can be brought forward to deteriorate from his standing as a citizen, it is the fact that he still clings to single blessedness.

j£y$l Ks- DORCAS HUTCHISON. Among the noble pioneer women of Jo Daviess Coun- 4 ty, who have watched its growth these many years, and seen it gradually develop from its original wildness to a splendid agricultural region, whose well-tilled and finely-managed farms give unmistakable evidence of. the prosperity of their occupants, is the subject of this sketch, who resides on section 4 of Elizabeth Township. She is a native of Marion County, Ind., born near Indianapolis April 18, 1821. Her parents, Thomas L. and Nancy Galpin, removed with their family from the Hoosier State in 1833 to Illinois, and coming to Jo Daviess County the following year, took up a Government claim south of Hanover Township. The land was not then on the market, but as soon as it was ready for public sale, Mr. Galpin bought it, paying $1.25 per acre. He and his family were among the original settlers of Hanover Township, and he and his good wife continued to make their home there the remainder of their years. They were the parents of nine children.

Mrs. Hutchison, of whom we write, was but nine years of age when she came with her parents to Illinois, where she has since lived. Her educational advantages were meagre, the district schools of her youthful days comparing very poorly with those of the present day and generation. She was united in marriage to John Hutchison September, 1855. He was a native of England, but was reared in Scotland. He had been previously married, his first wife having been Ann Campbell, who died, leaving him one child, Anne, who is now the wife of William Williams, of Otoe County,Neb. After his marriage with the subject of this sketch,

Mr. Hutchison immediately settled on the homestead now occupied by his widow and family. It consists of ninety-one acres of good land, which he improved and brought into an excellent state of cultivation. He was an active, energetic man, and in connection with his farming was successfully engaged in lead-mining for several years. Some time previous to his death, which occurred Dec. 4, 1886, Mr. Hutchison visited California to recruit his health, which had become seriously impaired, but it was of no avail. He was a man of eminent ability and was universally respected. He served in the various township offices with characteristic fidelity, having been Township Supervisor, Road Commissioner and School Director. In politics he affiliated with the Republican party. He was a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church, where our subject also communes, and contributed liberally to its support. To our subject and her husband were born five children: James T., who is engaged in mining in Aspen, Colo.; Joseph L., mining in Utah Ter. ; Gilbert, Helen, and William W. Mrs. Hutchison is an amiable, intelligent woman, enjoying the friendship of a large circle of friends, who appreciate her many superior qualities, and honor her for her excellent traits of character.

<ft WILLIAM P. and JOSEPH PRISK, prosil farmers of Woodbine dnentand influential citizens, respected throughout the community for their many sterling qualities. Their parents, Paul and Peternal (Williams) Prisk, were natives of Cornwall, England. They were reared and educated in their native country, but decided to seek their fortunes in the United States, where they were married. They left their native land in a sailingvessel about the year 1842, and, after a tedious voyage of eight weeks, landed in New York City. From there they came directly to Scales Mound Township, it taking three weeks to perform the journey. In 1855 they removed to Woodbine Township, and remained in that township about eleven years; then removed to Elizabeth.

Mr. Prisk, father our of subject, was in the mercantile business from 1869 until 1878, and during that time William clerked in the store. The firm name was Prisk & Goldsworthy. They had four children, three of whom are now living - Philippa, wife of James Rowe, of Woodbine Township; William and Joseph:

William Prisk is a native of Jo Daviess County, born in Scales Mound, 0ct. 5, 1848, where he lived until 1855, when his parents removed to Woodbine Township. He went to school at Elizabeth one term, and one term at Galena, and also one term to the Beloit College, Wisconsin, which has been his home the larger part of the time since, with the exception of fourteen years in Elizabeth Township. In 1879, our subject, who had a great desire to try life in the mines of Colorado, went to Leadville, that State, but returned the same year, convinced that farming was a more certain, if less rapid, way of making money. Very soon afterward Mr. Prisk settled on the farm that he still owns and occupies. It consists of 150 acres of finely-improved land, on which lie has erected ample and substantial buildings. He is an energetic, capable farmer, who has managed his business with skill and excellent judgment, as is indicated by the general appearance of his homestead and his sleek herds of stock; to the rearing and feeding of which he pays especial attention. Our subject is classed among the leading citizens of his township, and is well worthy of the high position that he has attained by his integrity, sound common sense, and upright dealings with all. In local affairs he evinces much interest; has served as Township Clerk one year, and recently resigned his position as Secretary of the Woodbine Mutual Fire Insurance Company, which position he had held for nine years.

Mr. Prisk was united in marriage to Miss Annie C. Mankey, Oct. 8, 1872. She was born in Dodgeville, Wis., Sept. 27, 1850, being a daughter of the late Thomas W. Mankey, who was one of the "49ers" of California fame. Thomas W. Mankey was born April 11, 1812, at Devonport, County Devon, England; died April 28, 1881, aged sixtynine years. Frances Hicks was born Oct. 25, 1819, near Chace water, Parish of Kea, in England; died Nov. 17, 1884, aged sixty-five years. They were married Jan. 25, 1840; emigrated to America March 21 of the same year; resided at Sharpsburg and Elizabethtown, near Pittsburgh, Pa., two years; came to Galena in 1842; removed to Elizabeth about 1854, which was ever after their borne. They were the parents of six daughters, two of whom are deceased.

To bless the union of our subject and wife two children have come: William F., born July 28, 1873, and Myrtle F., born Jan. 10, 1877. Mrs. Prisk is a most estimable lady, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mrs. Prisk taught school five years - two years in Elizabeth.

Joseph Prisk was born in Scales Mound Township, Jan. 20, .1855, and, when an infant, came with his parents to Woodbine Township, where, with the exception of ten years, when a boy, spent in Elizabeth Township, he has since resided. He received his preliminary education in the common schools of Jo Daviess County, and further advanced it by a course of study at the German-English Normal School at Galena. Our subject early adopted farming as his life occupation. He has made a thorough study of his business, and is a practical, accomplished farmer, whose well-kept farm of 120 acres, pleasantly located on section 20, Woodbine Township, attests to the thrift, wise management and good taste of the owner. Besides cultivating the land, our subject makes a specialty of stock-raising, his Short-horn cattle being of a high grade, and his three yearlings are conceded to be the best in the township. His hogs are of the Poland-China breed. In 1888, Mr. Prisk erected a convenientlyarranged frame house, of modern architecture, 28x24 feet, with basement under all, at a cost of $1,200, and also a good barn, which he erected in 1885, 32x20 feet, with 16-feet posts, the total cost of the building being $300. He is a wise man, ever mindful of disasters that may happen, and keeps his buildings .fully insured in the Woodbine Township Mutual Fire Insurance Co.

The most important step in the life of Mr. Prisk to insure his success was taken Jan. 24, 1878, when he was married to Miss Ella J. Overstreet. She is a native of this county, born, in Georgetown, Elizabeth Township, Oct. 29, 1854, being a daughter of the late Abner Overstreet, whose biography appears elsewhere in this volume. To Mr. and Mrs. Prisk have been born two children - Charles O. and Nellie W., the latter dying when eight years of age. Our subject and his wife are esteemed members of the social circles of Woodbine Township, and have a host of friends among the intelligent and cultured people of the community.

ES. ELLEN BARNES. A fine body of land to the extent of 180 acres comprises the homestead occupied by the lady with whose name we introduce this biographical record. Elizabeth Township has for a long period enjoyed her society, and she has uniformly had the most pleasant intercourse with its people. She may be properly numbered among the pioneers of Northern Illinois, of whose growth and development she has been an interested witness, and, by a life of womanly worth, contributed much to its social and moral progress.

Mrs. Barnes is a native of Derbyshire, England, and was born June 19, 1819. Her parents were Thomas and Hannah (Haslem) Statham, also of English birth and parentage. When she was a. child of nine years they emigrated to America, and until 1842 were residents of New York State. In the fall of that year they came to this county, and the father for a time operated as a renter on the Burton farm in the southern part of Elizabeth Township. Later, he removed to the farm now occupied by his son, John T., in Elizabeth Township. At this latter place both parents died - the father in 1851, and the mother in 1866.

To the parents of Mrs. Barnes there was born a large family of children, nine of whom survive. The eldest, a daughter, Ann, is the wife of Thomas Knox, of Whiteside County, this State; Ellen, Mrs. Barnes, is the next eldest of those living; Elizabeth, Mrs. Chisly, is a resident of Elizabeth Township; Mary is the wife of John Eadie, and Hannah, Mrs. Harkness, is a widow; both of these are also residents of Elizabeth Township; Sarah became the wife of Frank Pierce, of Woodbine Township; of John T. mention has already been made; Martha, Mrs. Ephraim Storey, resides in Carroll County, 111.; and Maria lives with her daughter in Elizabeth Township.

Reared to mature years under the parental roof, Mrs. Barnes was carefully trained to habits of industry and economy. Her educational advantages were somewhat limited, but she grew up in a healthy atmosphere and was fitted to become the presiding genius qf a good man's home. Her marriage with Mr. James Barnes was celebrated under the parental roof April 2, 1844. This gentleman was a native of Ireland, and born in September, 1819; there being only a few months difference between his age and that of his bride. He emigrated to America when a boy, and lived in Pennsylvania until reaching man's estate. When first coming to the Northwest he spent some time in Wisconsin, whence he removed some time in the forties to this county. He was at times engaged in mining, but mostly followed agricultural pursuits. He visited California twice, once during the gold excitement of 1850, and later as a soldier, being about one year in the army, his regiment being stationed mostly on the frontier in California. Upon receiving his honorable discharge, he returned to this county, but enlisted a second time, in June, 1866, and was sent to Richmond, Va., where he died from cholera in August following. Mrs. Barnes receives a pension of $12 per month from the Government.

After their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Barnes located in Hanover Township, of which they were residents until 1861. In that year they settled upon the farm where Mrs. Barnes now lives. It was then mostly covered with timber, and there was involved in its clearing and cultivation a large amount of labor. There is living with Mrs. Barnes her son James, who is the owner of 220 acres of land on section 17, Elizabeth Township. The other children were named respectively: Joseph, John, Sarah (now the wife of Thomas Knox, of Nebraska), Frank, and Mary. Three died unnamed in infancy.

matters of general interest. lie exerted no small influence in his community, where his industry and energy were appreciated at their full value. He was conscientious and careful in both his public and private life, and is kindly remembered even outside of his own family by scores of friends.

Ir^OBERT SCOTT, one of the substantial bus- 'Iky iness men of Elizabeth, is the proprietor of - M\\ the "leading meat-market of the place, and ^^enjoys a large and lucrative trade. He is a native of Scotland, born in Fifeshire Oct. 22, 1831, being the only son born to his parents, Mitchell and Ann (Pride) Scotl.

Our subject received an excellent education in llii' schools of Edinburgh, and for two years was a student at the school of Professor George Combe, the celebrated' phrenological lecturer of that city. When thirteen years of age our subject began shoemaking, at which trade he served an apprenticeship of five years, and for a short time afterward followed his occupation in his native country as a journeyman. Not being satisfied with his future prospects in Scotland, our subject, accompanied by his wife, emigrated to America in 1852, taking passage at Glasgow on a sailing-vessel, and after a voyage of eight weeks, landed in New York City. They came at once to Jo Daviess County and he opened a shoe-store in Elizabeth, which he operated for a number of years, also carrying on cobbling in connection with the management of his store. He was successful in that business, and being a man of much ability and enterprise, in 1859 he opened a meat-market, and carried on both store meat-market and for a number of years. Mr. Scott subsequently sold his shoe-store and has since confined himself entirely to his present business, which is in a prosperous and flourishing condition, and yields him a good annual income. Our subject is widely and favorably known throughout the county, having, probably, been engaged in business in Elizabeth a longer time than anyone now residinoin the village.

having been in August, 1851. She was born in Scotland in March, 1832, being a daughter of George and Catherine (Drummond) Smith. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Scott has been blessed by the birth of nine children, four of whom are still living, namely: Christina, wife of Josiah Klegg, of Colorado; liobert, Kate, and Mary.

Mr. Scott is a wide-awake man, bearing a high character for sterling integrity, and is quite prominently identified with the interests of the community in which he lives, and has actively assisted in the development of this portion of the county. He never seeks official positions, and though frequently solicited to accept various township offices, has nearly always refused nomination, but he has, however, served on the village board of trus tees, and as president of that board, gave universal satisfaction. He is a stanch advocate of temperance, voting always with the Prohibitionists, and takes much interest in the Women's Christian Temperance Union of this place, in which organization his daughters, Mary and Kate, are leading spirits; the former being associate editor of the Women's Christian Temperence Union column of the Elizabeth News. Our subject and his family are enrolled among the cultured, refined, and most worthy citizens of this village, and in their daily lives exemplify in a marked manner the teachings of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which they are members, and of which Mr. Scott is Trustee.

In connection with this brief resume of the life of our subject, we must not omit to speak of his wonderful record as a cheeker-playei\ Anyone familiar with this game is aware that it requires a keen, well-balanced intellect, and a clear head to play it successfully and scientifically. That Mr. Scott possesses these requirements in a high degree is shown by the fact that he has been the winner in the many remarkable contests with the noted play-. ers of the world. When but a boy he won a con- 'test between himself and Drummond, a Scotchman, who is considered authority on the game the world over, and is author of "Drummond's Theory on Checkers;" and he also played Wylie, a noted Scotch player. Mr. Scott has also played with many of the professional checker-players of this country, and in 1873 won the checker tournament, in which the champion players of the three States, Iowa, Wisconsin and Illinois, took part, and secured the prize, a very handsome black-walnut stand checker-board, probably the most beautiful of its kind in the country, valued at $50. Our subject desires to have it published that for the next ten years, he is ready to accept challenges from any champion checker-player in the world, for a series of games; the winner of the games to receive as premium his valuable checker-board. Many competitors who are considered experts have already contested for this stand, but it still remains in the undisputed possession of our subject. A number of years ago, Mr. Scott published a challenge to all checker-players of this country, or any other, that he would present fifty dollars toward defraying expenses of anyone who would come to Elizabeth and play against him a series of games; the winner to have the stand. Our subject is without any doubt the champion checker-player of the world, and well able to compete with any other professional in the game. He is also a gentleman in every sense implied by the term, and the biographer found him to be one of the most affable, genial, and canny Scotchmen it has been his pleasure to meet in a lifetime, spent largely in traveling.

SAMUEL WHITE is a fine representative of the citizen-soldiers of our country, who, after taking an active part in the late Civil War, quietly settled down to some peaceful vocation, and have since been important factors in promoting the material prosperity and growth of the United States. He is profitably engaged in farming and stock-raising in Elizabeth Township, owning here a finely-tilled and highly-productive farm on section 34. Our subject is a native of Ireland, born April 29, 1840, to Robert and Jane (Wilson) White, natives of Ireland. When he was about seven years old, his parents came to this country, embarking on a sailingvessel at Belfast, and, after a voyage of five weeks, landed in America, and came directly to Jo Daviess County township, and, settling thereon, commenced to build up a home. He was, however, spared to his family but a short time thereafter, his death occurring while yet in life's prime, in 1849. His wife subsequently married William Shannon, with whom she resides, near Mt. Carroll, III. By her first marriage she became the mother of three children, namely: Samuel, of whom we write; Henrietta, wife of Robert Moore, of Carroll County, 111.; and James W., who lives in Missouri. By her second marriage Mrs. Shannon has five children, four of whom survive, namely: John, a resident of Colorado; Willoughby, who lives in Carroll County, 111.; Maggie, wife of David Doty, of Kansas ; and Benjamin, who lives with his parents.

The subject of this sketch passed his boyhood on a farm, receiving his education in the district schools of this county, and being fond of reading, has always aimed to keep posted in all topics of interest, and has a good fund of general knowledge. Aug. 6, 1862, being then a young man of twentytwo years, he showed his patriotic devotion to the country of his adoption by enlisting as a private in Company I, 96th Illinois Infantry ; his regiment being attached to the Army of the Cumberland during the most of its service. Our subject fought bravely at Lookout Mountain, at the siege of Nashville, of Franklin, and again at the siege of Atlanta, taking an honorable part in nearly all of the important battles fought by the Army of the Cumberland, proving to be an efficient, courageous soldier. He was honorably discharged from the army June 29, 1865. After his experience of military life our subject returned to Jo Daviess County, and, with the exception of about five years spent in the lumbering and mill business in California, has resided here ever since, settling on his present farm in the spring of 1874. He devotes himself to the management of his farming and stock-raising interests, and his 160 acres of land is under a high state of cultivation, is provided with a good set of buildings, and everything necesssary to conduct agriculture advantageously. The marriage of our subject to Miss Elizabeth Eadie took place March 20, 1873. She was born Aug. 24, 1848, her parents being John and Mary Eadie, of whom mention is made in another part of this vol

Mr. White is virtually a self-made man, having had to work his way up to his present prosperous circumstances with no other capital to start on than his own stalwart manhood, a clear head, and good capabilities. He is in every respect a conscientious, straightforward man, and, as a good citizen, seeks in all ways possible to promote the good of this community. He and his estimable wife take an active interest in the affairs of the Presbyterian Church of Hanover, of which they are respected members. He is identified with the Masonic fraternity.

YRUS CARPENTER, President of the Exchange Bank of Elizabeth, bears the distineon of being one of the earliest pioneers of Jo Daviess County. No man has taken deeper satisfaction in noting its growth and development, and none have probably contributed in a larger measure, as far as opportunity was given, to bring about this result. He- is a NewEnglander by birth and training, his native place being Vermont, where he began life Nov. 17, 1822. His parents were Abram and Philura (Miles) Carpenter, both also natives of the Green Mountain State, and the paternal ancestry is of English descent.

Mr. Carpenter was the eldest son in the parental family of four boys and four girls, three of whom are living. He dwelt in his native township until fourteen years of age, and then his parents emigrated to St. Lawrence County, N. Y., where he developed into manhood. His early education was conducted in the subscription schools of his native State, and he attended school for a time in New York State although his advantages were very much less than those given the young men of to-day. By the aid of instructive books and the weekly newspapers lie manages to keep himself well posted upon current events, and always keeps up his old habit of reading.

with Miss Lois E. St. John, who was born July 1, 1823, in Rockland County, Vt. Her parents, Ezekiel and Amy (Needham) St. John, were also natives of the Green Mountain State, and the paternal ancestors are supposed to have emigrated from France during the Colonial days. On her mother's side, grandfather Abner Needham, served as a soldier in the Revolutionary War, distinguishing himself as a courageous and sturdy patriot. Mr. and Mrs. Carpenter began their wedded life together in New York State, and in the fall of 1848 left the Empire State with their only child and journeyed westward, having no special place in view in which to settle. At Ogdensburg, N. Y. , they boarded a steamboat, which conveyed them to Lewiston, from which point they proceeded to Buffalo on the first railroad which led out from that place westward, and the cars of which were drawn principally by horses. From Buffalo the}' proceeded to Chicago, via the lakes - this present flourishing city being then in its infancy. Thence they made their way to Ogle Countj', 111., by a team, belonging to a Mr. Carpenter, who had been to Chicago with a load of grain.

Locating in Ogle County, Mr. Carpenter engaged in farming on a piece of rented land, and in the winter of 1850 made his way to this county with his little family, taking up his residence in Woodbine Township, three and one-half miles east of the present site of Elizabeth. He broke the first furrow of that farm and proceeded thereafter in the manner common to the pioneer settler, enduring many hardships and privations, shared by his faithful and devoted wife. Their labors in due time were rewarded and they were enabled to gather around them all the comforts and conveniences of. modern life, in the meantime experiencing the satisfaction of beholding the country around them settled up with an intelligent class of people.

In the fall of 1880 Mr. and Mrs. Carpenter removed to Elizabeth and are wisely resting from their labors, enjoying the comforts of a pleasant home and the society of hosts of friends. Mr. Carpenter had sold his farm prior to this for a good round sum, having made upon it valuable improvements. To Mr. and Mrs. Carpenter were born two children only, both daughters - Helen 11., the wife of Henry Wolcott, of Hanover Township, this county; and Huldah F., who married the Rev. J. A. Bready, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, at present stationed in Carson City, Nev. The Exchange Bank, of Elizabeth, was organized in the fall of 1888, and Mr. Carpenter was elected its President. His partner is the Cashier, Mr. A. II. Nash, and they comprise the firm. Mr. Carpenter is a Prohibitionist, politically. He has served as Road Commissioner of Woodbine Township for a number of years, and with his estimable wife is an efficient and worthy member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. To this he has been a cheerful and liberal contributor, and was one of the prime movers in the erection of the church edifice and organizing the society in Woodbine Township. In connection with this he officiates as Steward and Trustee. In local matters he is President of the Village Board, of which he has been a member for several years. There are few enterprises tending to build up the county which have not received his earnest and cordial support.

i AMES HUDSON, proprietor of the People's Meat Market at Galena, is established at No. 209 Main street, where he has carried on a thriving business for the last three years. He commenced operations on his own account in 1879, on the opposite side of the street from his present stand. He is a skillful and practical butcher, and learned his trade chiefly at Dubuque, where he located about 1872. He was occupied at this until probably 187,5, when he went to California, and engaged in mining for a time. Next we find him at the Sutlow tunnel miue in Nevada, where he sojourned for some time and operated as shipping boss, receiving fof his services $6 per day. Owing to the danger of the employment and other drawbacks he gave up his position at the end of eleven months, and returned to Galena, where he has since lived.

Mr. Hudson is a native of Platteville, Wis., and was born July 8, 1845. He is the son of John Hudson, who was born in New York State, of English parents. The latter went to Wisconsin in early manhood, and was there married to Miss Permelia Haney, a native of Pennsylvania, and a daughter of one of the old families of the Keystone State. He carried on farming in Wisconsin until the outbreak of 'the Civil War. He then enlisted in Company I, 10th Wisconsin Infantry, and going to the front, was killed at the battle' of Chickamauga by the bursting of a shell. His remains repose on Southern soil. He was considered most too old to he a soldier, but was anxious to have a hand in the subjugation of the enemies of the Union. His eldest son, Andrew, a member of Company B, 43d Wisconsin Regiment, was killed at Johnsonville, Tenn., during his first engagement, having his leg shot off and soon afterward bled to death. It was during a bombardment, and he was the only man killed.

Like his father and brother, our subject also enlisted in the Union Army before reaching the sixteenth year of his age. He was a member of Company C, 7th Wisconsin Regiment, and entered the ranks in 1862 under Capt. Andrews. They were assigned to the Army of the Cumberland, 1st Division, 1st Brigade and 1st Army Corps. Young Hudson participated in the Battle of the Wilderness, and, on the 10th of May, during the second engagement at this point, was shot in the left breast, the ball passing through the upper left lung and lodging in the shoulder-blade, where he carries it to-day.

After being shot, Mr. Hudson was sent first to Fredericksburg, and later to Belle Plaine Landing. Subsequently he was conveyed North, and laid for a time at Little York, Pa., whence he finally returned to his own State, and received his discharge on account of disability. Upon his recovery he began his apprenticeship at the butcher's trade. He was married in Galena, July 28, 1876, to Miss Mary Bluett. Mrs. Hudson was born in Wisconsin, in 1846, and came with her parents to Galena when quite young. The latter were William and Mary (Rowe) Bluett, natives of England. The father died in Galena, in 1853. The mother is still living, and is now eighty-six years old.

Mr. and Mrs. Hudson are the parents of seven children, two of whom, Ida M. and Wilbur E., are deceased. The survivors are: John A., William C,

James L., Maude, and M. L. Our subject and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Galena, and Mr. Hudson, socially, belongs to the I. O. 0. F., No. 17; he is also a K. of P. No. 62. Politically, he affiliates with the Eepublican party.

ENNIS CLUNE, senior member of the wellknown firm of Clune & Marfield, occupies a position at the head of a thriving business, dealing in all kinds of grain, and having one of the best arranged warehouses for receiving and shipping in the City of Galena. This structure fronts on Main street, with the rear on Bench street, is four stories above the ground floor, and is complete in all its equipments. Mr. Clune, in addition to being a thorough business man, is a liberal-minded and public-spirited citizen, the supporter of schools and churches, and one who gives of his means to further the enterprises best calculated to build up a community.

The above-named partnership has been in existence since 1864, the firm having been organized in September of that year. Their shipments are now mostly to the East and South. They have grain-buyers at Benton and Leslie, Wis., besides -other important points, and are widely and favorably known for their reliability and their habit of stating facts just as they are. ;

Mr. Clune has been a residenhof Galena most of the time since 1851. In 1861 he journeyed via the water route to California, where he engaged in mining, and worked considerably at his trade of stone-cutter for some time. He also operated in the mining regions, near Nevada City, at the Golden Curry mills and mine, for about two years. In the pursuance of his trade he received high wages, and returned from the Pacific Slope in very good spirits, as the result of his labors and observations. He made the return journey in the same manner as when going, crossing the Isthmus of Panama.

began his operations in grain, which have proved so successful. Prior to settling in this count}- which he first visited in 1851, he crossed over into Missouri, and at Hannibal employed himself at his trade four years, operating considerably as builder and contractor, and was in this manner interested in the erection of many of the important buildings of that city. He was in that place at the time of the beginning of the Civil War.

The native place of our subject was Ireland. When a lad of fourteen years he came alone to the United States, landing first at Quebec, Canada. Thence he emigrated to Massachusetts and employed himself at his trade in Hampden and Springfield, being in the latter place employed in the United States Army. Upon leaving New England, he went into Virginia, where later he was married, and was in the employ of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company, as bridge builder, two years. His next removal was to Nashville, Tenn., where he was employed on the State House nine months. This brought him up to about 1849, in which year he came to Northern Illinois and sojourned in Galena a very short time.

Young Clune now traced his steps back to the Bay State, but less than a year later we find him in Chicago, 111., assisting in the erection of the first water-works in that city. From there he went to La Salle, 111., and from that point to Missouri.

The parents of our subject were James and Margaret (Meehan) Clune, natives of Ireland, who spent their entire lives in the county where they were born. The father was a farmer and stonecutter, and lived to the advanced age of ninetyeight years. His estimable partner remained the companion of her husband until near his death, dying at about the same age. Both were devout members of the Catholic Church. Their family' consisted of six sons and one daughter, and Dennis was next to the youngest son. His oldest brother, John, came to the United States and enlisted as a soldier during the Mexican War, in which he met his death. His sister, Bridget, is married, and a resident of Missouri. Another brother, Patrick, is married, and continues to reside in Ireland. Thomas emigrated to Australia, where he now lives. Michael and James are both married, and are residents of

Hannibal, Missouri. They also learned the trade of stone-cutting, which they followed many years. Mr. Chine was married, in Galena, to Miss Bridget McMann, who was born about 1836. Of this union there have been born four children, one of whom, the only son, James A., is deceased. The survivors are Margaret T., M. Lucy, and Emma C. They have been given a good education in the Galena schools, and make their home with their parents. Mr. and Mrs. Clune are active members of St. Michael's Catholic Church, and our subject, politically, is a decided Democrat.

J"l AMES ALLAN, Postmaster at Scales Mound, is also engaged in general merchandising and as a grain-dealer. He was born near 1 the town of Wick, Caithnesshire, Scotland, May 23, 1831, and is the son of James and Diana (Williamson) Allan, who were natives of the same place as their son, the father born in 1802, and the mother in 1825. The paternal grandfather, John Allan, also a native of Scotland, was engaged the greater part of his life as foreman on a large farm. He died in 1847, at the advanced age of eighty years, firm in the Presbyterian faith.

On the mother's side Grandfather William Williamson was also of Scotch birth and parentage, and employed in a similar manner as Grandfather Allan. The father of our subject was reared to farming pursuits, and also superintended a farm until 1840, when he rented land two years, and, at the expiration of this time, emigrated to America. He located near Millburn, in the woods of Canada, where he secured 1 00 acres of land and engaged in farming and stock-raising. He lived thereuntil 1869; then selling out he came to this county, and, purchasing a home in Scales Mound, lived thereafter retired from active labor, and died in 1886. The mother still survives and makes her home with her son, James. The father was an active member of the Presbyterian Church, in which he officiated as Elder for many years.

Our subject was eleven years of age when he came with his parents to America on the old whaler, Superior," reaching land after a voyage of eleven weeks. He assisted his father in opening up the new land until the age of sixteen years, and thereafter was variously employed, mostly, however, on railroad work and bridge-building. He finally emigrated to New York State, and in 1860 came to this county and engaged as clerk for his brother, ' George, in Scales Mound Township. Upon the death of the latter, in 1863, our subject purchased the business, which he continued at the old stand about ten years, and then, in 1873, erected his present store-building. He keeps a full line of general merchandise, has been quite successful, and is the owner of a farm adjoining the town, tie also owns 2,000 acres of land in Sioux County, Iowa, a part of which he rents, and upon the balance carries on stock-raising, keeping about 200 head of cattle.

Mr. Allan was appointed Postmaster of Scales Mound in 1885. His grain operations are quite extensive. He has his own elevator, and probably ships 100 car loads annually. He was first married in Scales Mound, April 18, 1871, to Miss E.G. Phillips, who died the following year, leaving one child, Elizabeth C. The present wife of our subject, to whom he was married in November, 1874, was formerly Miss Sibella Phillips, a native of Scales Mound. They have two sons - William and George. Mr. A. has officiated as Town Clerk five years. He assisted in the organization of the village, has been Road Supervisor, and conducts the express office. Socially, he belongs to the Masonic fraternity, has filled all of the Chairs of his lodge at Apple River, and is identified with the Chapter and Commandery at Galena. Politically, he affiliates with the Democratic party, in which he has been quite prominent, acting as Chairman of the County Convention, and holding other positions of trust and responsibility.

^=^ EORGE W. WILLIAMS, a pioneer settler of county, and now a resident of Apple came hither with his uncle in 1847. He was born in Belmont Township, Washington Co., Ohio, Aug. 12, 1841. and is the son of James and Cith"i'im: ' Alt) Williams, who were natives respectively, of Ohio and Pennsylvania. The Williams family is of Welsh ancestry, who came to America during the Colonial times. The father of our subject was a farmer by occupation and died in Washington County, Ohio, when George N. was a child of eighteen months. The mother was subsequently married to a Mr. Young, and there were born two children - Catherine and George W.

Our subject was reared under the roof of his uncle, Solomon Williams, who, after coming with him to this county, purchased land in Apple River Township and began farming. In this he was assisted b}r young Williams, who obtained his education in the typical log school-house of those days, with its puncheon floor and the other furnishings of that day. At the early age of twelve years he commenced the battle of life for himself, working out among the farmers of his neighborhood. In due time he secured a team and a threshing-machine, one of the first of its kind in the county, which he operated until the outbreak of the Civil War. In February, 1862, he enlisted in Company 1, 1st Illinois Light Artillery, under Capt. Bouton, of Chicago. They drilled at St. Louis, in Benton Barracks, four weeks, and our subject completed his military education under Confederate fire. His first engagement was at Pittsburgh Landing, and he thereafter participated in many of the important battles of the war. He spent the winter of 1863-64 in quarters at Murfreesboro, Tenn. After the first battle of Shiloh he was promoted to First Corporal for meretorious services, and later was made Quartermaster Sergeant. His next promotion was to Orderly Sergeant, and with this title he was mustered out, and received his honorable discharge, at Chicago, on the 26th of July, 1865. During this time he had only visited home once on a thirty-daj's' furlough.

Upon retiring from the army, Mr. Williams sought his old haunts in this county, and thereafter followed farming. He was married Dec. 28, 1865, to Miss Lovina, daughter of Henry Hess, of Apple River. Mrs. Williams was born in Lancaster, Pa., and came to this county with her parents in the spring of 1842. Of her union' with our subject there have been born eleven children, the eldest of whom, Katie, is the wife of Patrick Sullivan, of Warren Township ; the others are : Henry, Florence the wife of George Hoffman, of Oklahoma, Indian Ter. ; Joseph, Sherman, Nellie, Salina, Jennie, Lavina, Grover G, and a babe unnamed. Henry has charge of the farm. Mr. Williams votes with the Democratic party, and has served as Justice of the Peace, Road Commissioner, Deputy Sheriff, was Tax Collector twelve years in succession, and is serving his second term as a member of the Village Board of Trustees. He has been a resident of Apple River thirteen years, during which time he has remodeled his residence, and is living at ease in a pleasant and comfortable home.