Mona Township (part 2 of 2)

County, receiving $15 a month. This was the first money he ever earned. In 1828, he left Ohio and moved to Lauramie Township, Tippecanoe Co., Ind., and began improving a 200-acre farm. In the summer of 1850, he came through this section of the country on a prospecting tour, and being well pleased with the lands in this county, he took up the identical farm of 747 acres in Sec¬ tions 8, 4, 9 and 10, Range 9, Patton. He moved his family onto this farm in the fall of 1851. Our subject was marriea, July 6, 1833, to Susan Abel, a native of Cincinnati, Ohio. Her father settled in La Fayette, Ind., in 1831, and worked at his trade of merchant tailor. This union was blessed with seven children, four now living - John F., who resides at the old home¬ stead ; Barbara Ann, wife of N. B. Day; Minerva C., wife of William Perdue, of Paxton; and Rebecca J., wife of Calvin C. Robinson, living in Kansas. Mr. Stoner was Captain of the State militia, and during an Indian scare at La Fayette in 1833, he, with his men, were ordered to La Fayette, and after remain¬ ing there several days, the scare having vanished, they returned home. For many years, our subject has figured but little in public life, but in the early days of the county, he played a con¬ spicuous part in the creation of the county, was appointed the first Assessor of Ford County, and was elected the first County Treasurer. Mr. Stoner departed this life September 21, 1882; his wife, Susan, died in March of the same year. Thus, one by one, the pioneer settlers of Ford County are passing away, and in a few years there will not be left one to tell the story of the early settlements. Mr. Stoner was an honorable and enterprising citizen, and the Stoner family justly ranks among the representative families of Ford County.

John F. Stoner, Patton Township, eldest son of Daniel C., was born December 23, 1834. He was educated at the Wes¬ leyan University in Bloomington. In November, 1868, he was married to* Sarah Perdue, a native of Virginia. They have one child - a daughter. John F. Stoner was elected Surveyor of Ford County in 1868, and served three terms.

EDWARD VAN STEEN BE RGH, Lyman Township, was born at Saugerties, Ulster Co., N. Y., in 1814. He is a son of Cornelius and Alida Van Steenbergh, who also were natives of Saugerties. Our subject was brought up on a farm lying on the Hudson River, owned by his father. When of age, he engaged in the blue stone quarry business, and after a few years bought a farm, married and settled down, continuing the quarrying in con¬ nection with farming. In 1810, he was united in marriage with Maria F. Davis, in Ulster County, >' Y. She bore him eight children, and died in March, 1870. Names of the children are: Isaac, William (deceased), Samuel, Wesley, Nathan Rice, Jen¬ nie, Thomas and Benson, all married except the two last named. In March, 1871, Mr. Van Steenbergh, for his second wife, married Emily M. Smith, boro in Otsego County, N. Y., Octo¬ ber, 1829. This marriage took place in Ulster County, N. Y., and one month later they came to Ford County and settled on Section 28, Lyman Township, where all the improvements notice¬ able at this time have since been made, there having been but few acres broken prior to their coming. In addition to one-half section of land in Section 28, 820 acres, the adjoining north half of Section 29 is owned by Mr. Van Steenbergh, who annually presses and ships large quantities of hay to Chicago and other markets.

WltLIAM ALEXANDER WE8TROPE, bookwrtler, Gibson, was boro in Morgan County, Ill., January 28, 1886, and isa son of John and Sarah Wes trope. He was united in marriage with Lucy Ettie Smith at Soottville, Ill., in 1859. They have four children - Leora Bell, Mary Ettie, Louis Everest and Cora Addie. Mr. Westrope settled in this county January 28, 1873.

WEAVER WHITE, Paxton, ^>ne of the most popular of our oounjty officials, was born March 2$, 1849, in Adams County, Ohio. When three years ef age, he with his parents removed to the western part of McLean County, Ill., where they remained until the fall of 1864, when the family oame to Foni County. Mr. White was reared on a farm and became thoroughly versed in this honorable calling. He graduated from the Paxton Graded Schools when sixteen years of age. He then attended the Illinois Industrial University at Champaign two years, obtaining the honorary scholarship of Ford County on a public competitive ex¬ amination. Mr. White taught school some two years with marked success at Drummer's Grove and vicinity, going to Gib¬ son on the construction of the railroad through that part of the county. He built the fifth house ii. that place. For about one ear he was in the employ of Messrs. Hall A Snyder in the grain usiness. The political campaign of 1872 was notable in this county on account of a very exciting contest for the office of Circuit Clerk and Recorder, there being four candidates - two Republicans, one Independent and one Democrat. Mr. White, although unacquainted with the ways of politicians, was elected, and his record as an officer proves the selection to have been wise¬ ly made. He was again chosen in 1880 to fill the same position, his majority showing the strong confidence that his faithful services had given the people. During the time he had been Circuit Clerk, in addition to raising the. amount neces¬ sary to carry on the office, he has tifrned into the county treasury several thousand dollars. He was married to Arabella Davis, September 26^ 1870, and their home is made happy by two un¬ usually bright children - Arthqy W. and Mabel. Mr. White, al¬ though very quiet and unassuming in manner, has a very strong hold on the confidence of the citizens of the county, which he has earned by devoting his time to the conscientious discharge of his official duties. He is a great lover of home and family. A careful and extensive reader, his library is well chosen, none but the best of books being admitted. Nothing greater can he said of any man in public life than this - he is faithful to duty and thoroughly reliable. His father, Patterson White, who since 1864 has lived near Paxton until his death, which occurred in 1880, bore an excellent name. His mother, one sister and four brothers still reside in this county. The superior character of the parents is well maintained by every one of their children.

CHARLES HOWARD YEOMANS, Gibson, was born near Delhi, Delaware County, N. Y., December 2, 1846. His father, James Yeomans, was of Scotch descent, and his mother, Sarah (Redfield) Yeomans, was a daughter of Hon. J. G. Redfield, of Delhi, N. Y., and a lineal decendant of the family of Theophilus and Priscilla Redfield, who came over in the " May¬ flower," and landed with the other pilgrims on the memorable " Plymouth Rock.*' Mr. Yeomans mav be considered as one of the old residents of Illinois, coming to this State with his parents when only four years old, and when there were but forty miles of railroad in the State. He was reared on the farm in De Kalb and Kane Counties until he was fourteen years old, - when he struok out in the first really independent move of his life, and from which, though but a boy, he gained that degree of self-de¬ pendence which aided and characterised all his undertakings in after life. At this time the lands along the line of the Blinois Central Railroad were being opened up, and as his father was in very poor health, and financially worsted in the panic of 1857, Charles felt the importance of making a new start in the great Prairie State. He accordingly struck out with a team and break¬ ing plow, a distance of fifty miles from home, and spent the entire season breaking prairie near the town of Peotone, Will County, Ill., which was then just starting up. He returned to this place with his father's family the following spring, and remained on the farm until eighteen years of age. By this time his younger brothers were old enough to carry on the farm work, and our subject became impatient for an education. His first financial investment was when he was eleven years old. He took a scythe, went into the marsh, mowed and put up by hand two loads of marsh hay, which he hauled to market and with the proceeds purchased two calves, which he kept and broke for oxen, selling them when three years old for |100. This constituted his entire capital and wealth when he started for oollege in the fall of 1864. He steadily and faithfully adhered to his purpose of obtaining a oollegiate education, meeting with varying successes and reverses on account of his lack of moans and his lather's inability to aid him. He entered the Freshman's class of 1867 at Ripon Col¬ lege, Wisconsin, where he maintained his standing in his class and supported himself by sawing wood, out of school hours through¬ out his oollege course, for 15 cents an hour. Two years before he graduated, being ahead of his class in some of the sciences, he undertook the study of law in addition to his other work and regular college studies, in the office of Hon. Jesse Dobbs, of Ripon, Wis., and during vacation with Hon. Charles H. Wood, of Onarga, HI. He was admitted to the Wisconsin bar upon ex¬ amination in open court October 10, 1870, and graduated from the college with the degree of A. B. in June, 1871. He received the degree of A. M. from the same college in June, 1879, on the occasion of his return to his Alma Mater to deliver the annual address before the Alumni Society. After graduating, Jie held the position of Principal of the Onarga Graded Schools for one year, declining a re-appointment for the purpose of engaging in nis chosen profession - the practice of law. He settled inGibson, this county, in July, 1872, and was admitted to the Illinois bar at the Supreme Court at Ottawa in September, 1872. During his residence in this oounly he has held various offices and posi¬ tions of trust, being at the present time Chairman of the Board of Supervisors, ana is almost constantly before the people in the discharge of public trust His life has been an open book to the people of this county, and oommenoing it we can do no better than quote wl^t is said of him by the Gibson Courier on the oc¬ casion of his oandidacy for the office of County Judge of Ford County. It says: " For ten years Mr. Yeomans has lived in our midst, and been one of our most esteemed citizens. He en¬ joys in a marked degree the respect and confidence of the com¬ munity, not only in his legal attainments, but in his character and worth as a man. Important trusts have been committed to his hands, in all of which he has proved faithful in the highest degree. His legal attainments and ability as an advocate com¬ bined with his integrity of character, and his faithfulness to the interests of his clients, have built for him a large and lucrative law practice. Personally, Mr. Yeomans is one of the most genial and pleasant of men. Being inured to labor and privations in early life, he is naturally devoid of the pride and egotism so dis¬ agreeable in some men, and is the social companion alike of the laborer and the scholar. He is the life of the social circles, and few men have more or warmer friends."

Business Directory First National Bank

GEORGE GROVE, Dealer in Lumber, Lath, Shingles, Posts, Doors, Sash, Blinds, Lime, Hair, Salt and CoaL WHITE BROS., Dealere in Lumber, Lath, Shingles, Doors, Sash and Blinds, Pitkin's Mixed Paint, Hard and Soft Coal, Lime, Hair, Cement and Stone

GEORGE W. CRUZEN, Farmed and dealer iA Hay and Stock . CHAS. C. PUTT, Importer of Clyde and Englian Draft Horses. STITES BROS., Real Estate Dealers and Farmers.

Illinois General Description

GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION. - Illinois is bounded on the north by Wisconsin, on the east by Lake Michigan, Indiana and Kentucky, on the south by Kentucky and Missouri, and on the west by Missouri and Iowa. It is separated from Kentucky by the Ohio River, and from Missouri and Iowa by the Mississippi. It lies between 37° 3' and 42° 30 north latitude, and between 10° 30" and 14° 25' longitude west from Washington. The greatest breadth of the State from east to west is 210 miles, and its extreme length from north to south 378 miles. The general form of the State is that of an ellipsoid, truncated at its northern extremity. The superficial area is about 55,531 square miles, or 35,539,840 acres.

FACE OF THE COUNTRY. - The surface of the country is generally level or gently rolling, although in the southern part near the large rivers it is-quite broken and hilly. Illinois is properly termed The Prairie States for, in no other part of the country are there to be found such vast expanses of level prairie as here. To the eye of the observer they mark the plane of the horizon in every direction, and Beem limitless as the ocean. As a general rule they occupy the higher grounds. The timber is principally confined to tfie lower lands, along the breaks and valleys of the streams. The highest lands in the State, are in the extreme northwestern part, and are known as The Mounds, which are about 1100 feet above the level of the sea. From Freeport southward there is a gradual descent through the entire length of the State, except where it is broken by a ridge crossing from east to west through U nion, Johnson and Pope counties. This ridge attains an elevation of about 900 feet above the sea. while the elevation at Cairo is but 350 feet.

RIVER8. - The general slope of the water-shed is to the southwest, and nearly all the principal streams, after a general course in that direction, flow into the Mississippi. A few in the southeast portion of the State empty into the Wabash, while some small ones in the extreme Bouth find their outlet in Ohio. The largest river flowing through the State is the Illinois, which is formed by the junction of the Des Planes and Kankakee, the former rising in Wiscon¬ sin and the latter in Indiana. * The Rock and Kaskaskia Rivers are streams of considerable im¬ portance - the first running through the northern and the latter through the southern portion of the State. More than three-fourths of the circumference of the State is bounded by navigable rivers the Wabash on the east, the Ohio on the south, and the Mississippi on the west. The two last-named are among the largest in the world, and afford transportation for all classes of steamers. The Mississippi, the great " Father of Waters" extends along the western boun¬ dary a distance of over 500 miles.

LAKES. - A remarkable feature of Illinois is the almost entire absence of natural lakes or ponds. A few small ones only are found in the northeastern and southwestern parts of the State. There is, however, a coast line of about 60 miles, extending along Lake Michigan, one of the largest of the five great North American lakes.

SOIL AND CLIMATE. - As an agricultural State, Illinois stands without an equal. Possessing a soil of unsurpassed fertility, and a climatic range of five and a-half degrees of lati¬ tude, it yields a greater amount and variety of botanical production than any other State in the Union. No large tracts of worthless lands, such as characterize the topography of all the other States, are to be found here, but the farmer in all portions of the commonwealth obtains a rich reward for his labor. In the northern and central portions are raised in abundance nearly all those plants which are common to the North Temperate Zone, while in the vicinity of Cairo, both the animal and vegetable productions partake of a semi-tropical character. The amount of rain which falls each year is fully one-half greater at the southern extremity of the State than at the northern, and the average difference in temperature is about 10° Fahrenheit

MINERALS. - No natural deposits of gold or silver are known to exist; yet the mineral productions of the State are not unimportant Fire-clay, potter's clay, and valuable quarries of building-stone are found in various localities. Rich mines of lead exist in the vicinity of Galena, and iron-ore in considerable quantities is obtained in the southeastern part of the State. Coal is the most valuable mineral in Illinois. The coal fields are destined to grow more and more important, as their resources are developed, and their value can hardly be overestimated. The coal-bearing strata covers more than two-thirds of the entire surface ol the State, and the mines are believed to be inexhaustible.

History

Illinois was originally a part of Florida. In 1543 it became a Spanish colony. Northern Illinois was included in the territory granted in 1620 to the Plymouth Company by King James, and was therefore claimed by Great Britain. In 1673 the Mississippi River was dis¬ covered by Marquette and Joliet In the same year they ascended the lllinojs River; and in 1679 Robert Cavalier De La Salle made farther discoveries, descending the Kankakee to its mouth. Kaskaskia and Cahokia, the oldest towns on the Mississippi River, were settled by the French in 1682. Illinois at this time contained but few white inhabitants. In 1699 it became a part of Louisiana, and so remained until 1763, when it was ceded to England. The white popula¬ tion now numbered about 3000, mostly French, the principal settlements being at Kaskaskia, Cahokia, Peoria, Prairie-Du-Rocher, Prairie-Du-Pont and Fort Charters, In 1778 Kaskaskia, Cahokia and other settlements were captured by four companies of Virginians, under Colonel Clarke, and in October of the same year an Act was passed by the Virginia Legislature, estab¬ lishing the " County of Illinois" which embraced all of Virginia northwest of the Ohio. In 1784 it was ceded by Virginia to the United States, and in 1787 Congress passed an Ordinance for the government of all territory northwest of the Ohio River, Arthur St Clair being appointed the first governor. In 1803 Indiana* including Illinois and Wisconsin, was erected into a separate territory, and six years later, the present State of Illinois became a territory by itself. In 1812 it passed from the first to the second grade of territorial government, and sent a delegate to Congress. The right of suffrage was at this time extended to the people, without regard to property qualifications. On the 3d of December, 1818, Illinois was admitted into the Union as a sovereign and independent State. One section of land in each township was at once donated for school use, and two townships in the State for the use of a seminary. Since that time, the growth of Illinois has been astonishingly rapid, and it now ranks the fourth State in the Union in wealth, population and importance The number of its white inhabitants in 1800 was only about 3000. In 1810 the number had increased to 12,282; in 1820 to 57,000; in 1830 to 157,000; in 1840 to 476,000; in 1850 to 851,470; in 1860 to 1,711,951; in 1865 to

2,141,510; in 1870 to 2,530,801; and in 1880 to 8,077,871. Chicago, its largest city, oontains a population of over 500,000. The foreign population of Illinois is largely composed of Germans, Irish, Welsh, Scotch, French, Swiss, Swedes, Danes and Poles. Of the Americanborn, the north part of the State is settled principally from New York and New England, the central from Ohio, Pennsylvania and Virginia, and the southern from Kentucky, Tennessee and the Carolines.

INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. - The works of art, though yet in their infancy, compare favorably with thoee of the older States. It is but fifty years since Illinois was ad¬ mitted into the Union, yet the number and value of her internal improvements already completed are immense. Over 8000 miles of railroad lines are in successful operation, and some 500 miles more are in process of construction. The number and character of the splen¬ did edifices which have been erected for oourt-bouses, humane institutions, seminaries of learning and churches, and the other public works which adorn the State, bespeak at once the enterprise, intelligence and moral worth of the people. No doubt the next fifty years will witness even greater improvements than have taken place in the fifty that are past.

POLITICS. - Illinois is at present a Republican State. The northern part is almost exclusively controlled by the dominant party, while the central is generally Democratic, and the extreme southern - familiarly known as Egypt - is about equally divided between the two parties.

DISTINGUISHED MEN. - Consonant with the size of its rivers, the breadth of its prairies, the vastness of its resources, and the wonderful rapidity of its growth is the caliber of its public men. No State in the Union can boast of having furnished two more celebrated statesman than were Douglas and Lincoln, and no other State sways so great an influence over the destinies of the Republic at the present time, as does Illinois through her many hon¬ ored sons.

All the surveys in Illinois are made from three established lines, known as the Second, Third and Fourth Principal Meridians. The Second Principal Meridian runs due north from the mouth of the Little Blue River in Indiana. The Third Principal Meridian, due north from the mouth of the Ohio River. The Fourth Principal Meridian starts at the mouth of the Illinois River, fallows up the stream toapointopposite Beardstown,and runs from thence due north.

Townships lying West of the 3d Principal Meridian and the Illinois River, number North and South from a Base Line which runs due West from Beardstown. All the other Townships number North and South from a Base Line which runs through the centre of St. Clair County.

Ranges number from the 4th Principal Meridian, West to the Mississippi River and East to the 3d Principal Meridian and the Illinois River, and from the 3d Principal Meridian West to the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers.

Ranges East of*the 3d Principal Meridian and North of a line passing through the centre of Kankakee County, number from said Meridian East to the State Line. The other Ranges number from the 3d Principal Meridian, East to the Eastern line of Range Eleven, and West from the 2d Principal Meridian to the same line.

Each Township is 6 miles square, and is divided into Sections, which number from 1 to 36 - number l being in the Northeast corner of the Township. Each regular section contain! 640 acres. Fractional Townships are occasioned by inaccurate surveys. Fractional Section! are due to the same cause, and are usually found on the North and West side of each Town ship. Correction Lines, running East and West, are established at distances of about 30 milei apart, for the purpose of preventing such errors as would naturally be occasioned by the cur vature of the earth.

Introduction

Although appropriate care has been taken in the preparation of this Index, it is possible that errors do exist. To guide the reader to most effective use of the Index, the following is provided:

Colonel, Judge, Mr., Mrs., etc.) have been omitted, except in cases where a given name did not appear; then the title has been used as an aid to identificcation. The titles "Mrs." and "Miss" have been used where necessary to identify an ambiguous name as feminine.

Married women have been entered under married name, with the maiden name (when available) in parentheses. Maiden names also appear in their regular places in the alphabetical listing; they are not accompanied by the married name, as that information is provided in the text.

Variant spellings and printers' errors can be a source of confusion. In this Index they are generally given as they appeared. For this reason it may be helpful to scan the entire Index.

Rock

EXPLANATION. - The dale following a name indicates the length of time the party has been a resident in the county. The abbreviations are as follows: S. for Section; T. for Township; P. O. for Post-office address. When no Section Number or Township is given, it will be understood that the party resides within the limits of the village or city named, and, in each cases, the post-office address is the same as the place of residence, unless otherwise stated.

Ay r - ea. Alton B . Grata Bayer for Geo. W. Welker A Co.. 8. 17. T. Drammer, Derby. P. O. Gibeoa Oty. Mr. AjraMaaa was born la Ford Coaatv ia 1889.

Thawville. Mr. Chambers waa bora ia Ford Coaaty ia 1883. Chambers. R. 8.. Supervisor of Lyman Township aad Dealer la Gcoeral Mer ch andise, Roberta. 1871.

Cnuta A Nelson Mercantile Co.. Proprietor R. Craaen A Son. Crockery, Ho - Famishing Goods aad Toys. Paxtoa'. Bstablishod 1895. Cslbertsoa. J. C., President State Bank of Piper City, Piper Oty. Mr.

Stewart. Secretary; Abstracts of This, Paxtoa. BatabUslmd 1892. Ford Coaaty Officials: - M. L. McQoiatoa. Coanty Jodge; J. A Thompson. Coanty Clerk; Minnie Smith. Depaty Coaaty Clerk; T. A. Flora, Sheriff; T. M. Flore. Depaty Sheriff; C. L. King. Trees - ; M. £ Haat. Depaty Trassarer; H. M. Radolph. Sapcriateadent af Schools; Carl B. Beagt - . Circak Clerk; Sthel R. Ktoatsou. Depaty Circnit Clerk; O. H. Wylie. State's Attorney; A A Walla. Coanty Superintendent Highways aad Surveyor; 8. A. Hanson, Coroner; R. L. Schneider. Master in Chancery; W. 8. Oilamra. Sapcriateadent Coanty Farm; Dr. I. D. Keisheimer, Coaaty Pan Physician. Board of Supervisors: - Fred Daniel - . Chaim - , Paxtoa; W. 31. Millar. CabaTy; Tboe. Kewley. Call - ; A. C. Tbomp - , Piper Cky; J. K MoatoHas. Piper Cky; R. B. Cham¬ bers. Roberta; Peter C. Andcr - . Lode; On no Aranda. Malvia; Wm. Althoase. Sibley; James A. Jordan, Gibeoa -

Rdward*. F. 11.. Singer Sewing Machine Salesman. Paxtoa. 1914. BhresnMB. Jacob. Farmer. Stockraiacr ami Rood Comm is si one r. S. 31. T. Brvnlou, I*. O. Roberta. 1897.

F ag arb a r g, B. H.. Baal Batata, Loans aad laearaact. Fax - . 1901. Fartta, G. B.. Graia Bayer aad Merckoat, Proctor. Mr. FarUa was bora ta Ford Coaaty ta 1882.

Gibaon Ice Cream Cream Co.. A. Wskeficbl. Proprietor. Rnlk ami Brick Ice Cream. Ices and Slierbeta, Gil - Cfcv. Kstahliskrd 19U5. Gibeoa Prodnce Co . J. B. Hudson. 3Uneger. Live and Ikenm-d Poultry.

Johnson. John. Parmer and Chairman of Commissioners, S. 10. T. Peach J Orchard, P. O. Melvin Mr. Johnson was born in Ford County. Johnson, J. A.. Farmer. S. 12. T. Button. P. O. Paxton. 1876.

I^raon. P. Clothing Co., C. A. Larson. President; T. J- I *" on - ^ President; J. T. Swanson, Secretary and Treasurer; Clothing. Shoes and Trunks. Gibson atv. Established 1865.

Leenerman. P J., Farmer and Road Commissioner. S. 11, T. Sullivant, P O. Sibley. Mr. Leenerman was born in Ford County in 1874. Lenina, W. F., Real Estate and Auto Hire, Piper City. 1902.

Miller, Peter. Farmer, S 10. T. Brenton. P. O. Piper City. 1887 Miller, John, Farmer. S 2, T. Mona, P. O. Kempton. Mr. Miller was born in Ford County in 1879.

Phillips. A. L., (Law Firm of Phillipa St Swanson) Attorney, Gibson City. 1869. Mr. Phillips baa served as State's Attorney and Member of Legislature.

Scott, M. H., Attorney, Piper City. Mr. Scott was born in Ford County. Schsfroth, Jacob, Farmer and Stockrsiaer, S. 29, T. Rogers, P. O. Cabery. Mr. Sehafroth was born in Germany in 1858 and settled in Ford Connty in 1881.

Stevens. J. W., Proprietor Illinois Marble and Granite Works, Gibaon City. Stevens, N. B.. Printing Co., H. A. Stevens. Manager, Daily and Weekly Record, Paxton. Bstablished 1865.

Thompson, J. A., Parmer. S. 17, T. Pella, P. O. Piper City. 1906. Thompson, John, Parmer, S. 26, T. Mona, P. O. Kempton. 1911. Thompson, J. S., County Clerk, Paxton and Melvin. 1869. Mr. Thomp¬ son baa served as Postmaster at Melvin.

Trigger. Richard. Parmer, S. 11. T. Wall. P. O. Loda. 1869, Mr. Trigger has served as School Diaector for several years, also as Commissioner. Assessor and Supervisor.

Sibley, Illinois

is a purebred Imported Shire Stallion, weighing 2,000 Ibe. Color, Bay. This horse has the beat of action, is a aure breeder and haa plenty of colts to show hia breeding.

Paxton, - Ill

is a pure bred Imported Percberon, weighing 1,800 lbe., is four-year-old, sound as a dollar. He is splendidly built, has fine action and you will make no miftake in using him.

It is hereby certified that the Percheron stallion. Jodelet 71671 (85501), imported August. 1910, by Singmaater & Sons, Keota. Iowa, is recorded by the Percberon Society of America, and that hia recorded number is 71671.

Metes And Bounds

Beginning at * stone on the Bank of Doe River at a point where tbe highway from A. to B. crosses said river (see point marked C. on Diagram 1); thence 40 . North of West 100 rods to a large stump; thence 10° North of West 90 rods; thence 15° Weet of North 80 rods to an oak trM (see Witness Tree on Diagram 1); thence due East 150 rods to the highway; thence following the course of tbe du ® North; thenoe 5° North of East 90 rods; thence 45° East of South 60 rods; thence 10° North of East 200 rods to the Doe River; thence following the course of the river Southwesterly to the place of beginning.** This, which is a very simple and moderate desonption by " Metes and Bounds,** would leave the boundaries of the farm as shown in Diagram 1 J P

, and that system is still in existence in the following States, oi jld or granted when the present plan of surveys was adopted, via.: New Yo land, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, Tea and then follows line according to the compaaa-needle (or magnetic bearing), or the course of a stream, or track of an ancient hii way. This plan has resulted in endless confusion and litigation, as land-marks decay and change, and it is a well-known fact t the compass-needle vanes and does not always point due North.

.. « A* " example of this plan of dividing lands, the following description of a farm laid out by " Metes and Bounds/* is giv< _ Beginning at a stone on the Bank of Doe River, at a point where tbe highway from A. to B. crosses said river (see point marked

Meridians And Base Lines Diagram 2

1 scribing and dividing lands. It is called the "Rectangular System/* that is, all its distances and bearings are measured from two lines which are at right angles two I" 1 ® 8 * from which the measurements are made, are fc/oni w Meridians, which run North and South, and the Base Lines which run East and West. These Principal Meridians are established, with great accuracy. Each Principal Meridian has its Base Line, and these two lines form the basis or foundation for the surveys or measurement of all the lands within the territory which they control.

Diagram 2 shows all of the Principal Meridians and Base Lines in the United States, and from it the territory governed by each Meridian and Base Line may be readily

Supplement Ii United States Land Surveys

These lines sro termed " Kan go Lines/' They divide tho land into strips or divisions six miles wide, extending North and South, parallel with the Meridian. Each divisiou is called a Range. Ranges are numbered from one upward, comm cing at the Meridian; and their numbers are indicated by Roman characters. For instance, the first division (or first six miles) west of the Meridian i* Range I. West; the next is Range II. West; then comes Range III., IV., V., VI., VII., and s > on, until the territory governed by another Principal Meridian is reached. In the same manner the Ranges East of the Meridian are numbered, tho words East or West being always used to indicate the direction from the Principal Meridian. See Diagram 3.

Commencing at the Base Line, at intervals or six miles, lines are run East and West parallel with the Base L'Tie. These are designated as Township Lines. They divide the land into strips or divisions six miles wide, extending East and West, parallel with the Base Line. This plan is followed both North and South of the Base Line until the territory governed by another Principal Meridian and Base Line is reached. These divisions or Townships are numbered from one upward, both North and South of the Base Line, and their numbers are indicated by figures. For instance : The first six mile division North of the Base Line is Township 1 North ; the next is Township 2 North ; then comes Township 3, 4, 6 , and 6, North, and so on. The same plan is followed South of the Base Line; the Townships being designated as Township 1 South, Township 2 South, and so on. The " North * or "South " (the initials N. or S. being generally used) indicates the direction from the Base Line. See Diagram 3.

These Township and Range Lines, crossing each other, as shown in Diagram 3, form squares, which are called "Townships" or " Government Townships," which are six miles Bquare, or os nearly that as it is possible to make them. These Townships are a very important feature in locating or describing a piece of land. The location of a Government Township, however, is very readily found when the number of the Township and Range is given, by merely counting the number indicated from the Base Line and Principal Meridian. As an example of this. Township 8 North, Range 4, West of the 5th Principal Meridian, is at once located on the square marked A" on Diagram 3, by counting eight tiers north of the Base Line and 4 tiers west of the Meridian.

Towns Hips Of Land

^^T'OWNSHIPS are the largest sub- & I ^ divisions of land run out by the JL United States Surveyors. In the Governmental Surveys Township Lines are the first to be run, and a Township Corner is established every six miles and marked. This is called "Townshipping." After the Township Corners have been care¬ fully located,the Section and Quarter Section Corners are established. Each Township is six miles square and contains 23,040 acres, or 36 square miles, as near as it is possible to make them. This, however, is fre¬ quently made impossible by. (1st) the pres¬ ence of lakes ana large streams; (2nd) by State boundaries not falling exactly on Township Lines; (3rd) by the convergence of Meridians or curvature of the earth's surface ; and (4th) by inaccurate surveys.

Each Township, unless it is one of the exceptional cases referred to, is divided into 36 squares, which are called Sections. These Sections are intended to be one mile, or 320 rods, square and contain 640 acres of land. Sectionr are numbered oonsecutively from 1 to 36, as shown on Diagram 4. Beginning with Section 1 in the Northeast Corner, they run West to 6, then East to 12, then West to 18, and so on, back and forth, until they end with 8ection 36 in the Southeast Corner.

Diagram 4 shows a plat of a Township as it is divided and platted by the govern¬ ment surveyors. These Townships are called Government Townships or Congres¬ sional Townships, to distinguish them from Civil Township* or organized Townships, as frequently the lines of organized Town¬ ships do not conform to the Government Tow uship lines.

Diagram 4 Sections Of Land

(except fractional Sections) are supposed to be 320 rods, or one mile, square and therefore contain 040 acres - a number easily divisible. Sections are subdivided into fractional parts to suit the convenience of the owners of the land. A half-section contains 320 aerts; a quarter-section contains 160 acres; half of a quarter contains 80 acres, and quurter of a quarter contains 40 acres, and so on. Each pieco of land is described according to the portion of the section which it embraces - as the Northeast quarter of Section 10; or the Southeast quarter of the Southeast quarter of Section 10. Diagram 5 shows how many of these subdivisions are platted, and also snows the plan of designating and describing them by initial letters as each parcel of land on the Diagram is marked with its description.

As lias already been stated, all Sections (except Fractional Sections which are explained else¬ where) are supposed to contain 640 acres, and even though mistakes have been made in surveying, as is frequently the case, making sections larger or smaller than 640 acres, the Government recog¬ nizes no variation, bur. sells or grants each regular section as containing 640 acres "more or less.

The Government Surveyors are not required to subdivide sections by running lines within them, but they usually establish Quarter Posts on Section Lines on each side of a section at the noints marked A. B. C. and D. on Diagram 5. After establishing Township corners, Section

Lines are the next to bo run, and section cor¬ ners are established. When these arc carefully located tho Quurter Posts are located at points as nearly equidistant between Section Corners as possible. These corners when established by Government Surveyors cannot be changed, even though it is conclusively shown that mistakes have been made which cause some sections or quarter sections to be either larger or smaller than others. The laws, however, of all tho States provide certain rules for local surveyors to follow in dividing Sections into snmllcr parcels of land than has been outlined in iho Governmental surveys. For instance, in divid¬ ing a quarter section into two parcels, tho disance between the Government Corners is care¬ fully measured and the new ]*ost is loo-aied at a point equidistant between them. This pluu is followed in running out "eighties," "forties," "twenties." etc. In this wav, if the Govern¬ ment division overruns or fulls short, each portion gains or loses its proportion. This is not tho rase, however, with Fractional Sections along the North or West sides of a Township, or adjoining a lako or largo stream.

ONGRESSIONAL Townships vary considerably as to size and boundaries Mistakes mode in surveying and the fact that Meridians converge as they run North cause every Township to vary more or less from the 23,040 acres which a perfect Township would contain. See Diagram 4. In arranging a Township into Sections all the surplus or deficiency of land is given to, or taken from, the North and West tiers of Sections. In other words, all Sections in the Township are made full- 640 acres - except those on the North and West, which are given all the land that is left after forming the other 25 Sections.

Diagram 4 illustrates bow the surplus or deficiency is distributed and the Sections it Kfoeta. It will be seen that Sections 1, 2, S, 4, 5, 6, 7, 18, 19, 30 and 81, are the " Fractional Sections," or the Sections which are affected if the Township overruns or falls short. Inside of these Fractional Sections, all of the surplus or deficiency of land (over or under 640 acres) is carried to the "forties" or "eighties" that touch the Township Line. These pieces of land are called "Fractional Forties" or "Fractional Eighties," as the case may be. Diagrams 4 and 6 show the manner of marking the acreage and outlining the bonndanes of these "Fractions."

Diagram 6 illustrates how the surplus or deficiency of land inside of these Sections is distributed and which "fortiee"or "eighties" it affects. From this arrangement it will he seen that in any Section that touches the North or West Township Lines, the Southeast Quarter may be full - 160 acres - while another quarter of the same Section may be much larger or smal'sr. Frequently these fractional "forties" or "eighties" are lotted as shown in Diagram 6. They are always described as fractional tracts of land, as the "fractional S.W. ^ of Sectiou 6, "etc. Of coarse those portions of these Sections which are not affected by these variations are described intbo usual manner - as Southeast i of Section 6. As a rule Townships are narrower at the North than at the South side. The Meridians of Longitude (which run North and South) converge as they run North and South from the Equator. They begin at the Eouator wiih a definite width between them and gradually converge until they all meet at the poles. Now, as the Range linesare run North and South, it will at once bo seen that the convergence of Meridians will caur- every Congressional Township (North of the Equator) to be narrower at its North than at its South side, ns stated. See Diagram 4. In addition to this fact, mistakes of measurement arc constantly and almost unavoidably made in running both Townshipand Range lines, and if no new starting points were established the lines would become confused and unreliable, and tho size and shape of Townships materially affected by the time the surveys had extended even a hundred miles from the Base Line and Princi¬ pal Meridian. In order to correct the survevs and variations caused by the difference of latitude and straighten the lines, "Correction Lines" (or Guide Meridians and Standard Parallels) are established at frequent intervals, usually as follows: North of the Base Line a Correction Line is run East and West parallel with the Base Line, usually every twonty-four miles. South of the Buso Line a Correction Li no is usually established every thirty miles. Both East and West of tho Principal Meridian "Correction Lines" are usually established every 48 miles. All Correction Lines are locatod by careful measurement, and tho suc¬ ceeding surveys are bused upon them.

Diagram 6 Tlat Of A Fractional Section

Entered According to Act of Congress, in the year 1909, by Geo. A. Ogle It Co., in the office of the Librarian of Congress nt Washington, D. C.