Springfield Township (part 3 of 5)

"Beaumont Parks was born January, 1775, in Norwich, Connecticut. He was an orphan at twelve years of age, and resolved to educate himself. In order t^) obtain the means to do so, he began trading with the French Canadians and Indians. He worked his way out, in company with his brother-in-law, Rev. Mr. Bacon, father of Rev. Leonard Bacon, D. D., of New Haven, Connecticut, through the rivers and lakes from Vermont to the region of the Georgian Bay and Lake Huron. As winter approached he commenced building a house with the intention of remaining in it until spring. He was discovered by Colonel Dunham, commander of the L^nited States Fort, at Michilimacinac. Colonel Dunham was astonished at seeing a boy of fourteen or fifteen years preparing to winter alone in that inhospitable region, and inquired what he was aiming to do. On being told by young Parks that he was trying to raise money to defray the expense of an education, Colonel Dunham offered him a home in his own family, with the promise of assisting him in his purpose. He accepted the kind proposition, went to the Fort and remained therebetween three and four years. During that time his savings amounted to about $80. Expressing his determination to set out for college. Colonel Dunham sent some friendly Indians to accompany him a portion of the distance. He traveled in a birch canoe through the upper lakes and portions of Canada, and thence east. When he had gone about twothirds of the distance, he was taken sick Avith small-pox, and was compelled to travel alone uulil he could find shelter, although he was then in a part of the country more or less settled by white men. At Montreal, a French Canadian took him in and nursed him for nearly a month, until he was able to pursue his journey. His savings were now reduced to about thirty dollars, but his hospitable friend would not receive anything for his trouble. His exhausted condition required the expenditure of more money, and when he arrived at his destination his money had all vanished. Notwithstanding so much time was lost, after a journey of one thousand six hundred miles, he found himself at Dartmouth College, a stranger, and destitute. Yet he boldly knocked at the doors of that institution of learning for admittance. That was about the year 1798. By diligent study while in the family of Colonel Dunham, he was enabled to teach the lower branches. He then made arrangements to continue teaching in summer and attend college in winter, and prosecuted his studies while teaching, so as not to fall behind in his class. He was thus enabled to defray his expenses, with some aid furnished by Colonel Dunham, and in that way went through college on equal terms with Daniel Webster, Levi Woodbury - the latter of whom was his classmate - and other world-wide celebrities. After passing through college he entered the law office of Judge Slade, of Middleburry, Vermont, and in due time w^as admitted to the bar. He was married in 1811, at Windsor, Vermont, to Nancy Conant. He soon acquired a large and lucrative practice, which he held for about ten years, when - however others might think - he became convinced that it was impossible to be a successful lawyer and a thoroughly honest man. That, with other causes, induced him to abandon his practice and move west. He left Vermont, and, in August, 1821, landed at Madison, Indiana, Avhere he opened an academy for the education of young men, which was one of the earliest institutions of the kind established west of the Allegheny mountains, and probably the first school in the State of Indiana where the Greek and Latin languages were taught. It was attended by many who have become distinguished at the bar, on the bench, and in the councils of the Nation, such as the Hendricks, Sullivans, Brights, Sheets, Cravens, and many others. After ten years' success in Madison, he was appointed Professor of Languages in the Indiana State University, at Bloomington, and was in that position about seven years. He came to Springfield, in the autumn of 1840, and at once opened a private school or academy, which was geneially supported by all the leading citizens, and many of the students have become distinguished in the learned professions, in politics and business. When the city schools of Springfield were organized on the present plan, he was the first superintendent, and continued teaching in Springfield for nearly twenty years, when old age caused him to relinquish his chosen field.

" Professor Parks continued active till the day of his death. He died April 8, 1870, without an hour of sickness, at the residence of his son, Judge S. C. Parks, in Lincoln, Illinois, and was buried in that place."

la 1829 but one school had been sustained in the place. During that year Miss Jane E. Bergen opened a school in her father's house, which she continued until the fall of 1832, At that time, a fatality, not entirely unknown to modern female teachers, overtook her - she was married. The school was continued under charge of a Mr. Chase, who was at the same time rector of the recently established Episcopal Church. He remained in the school about two years, and was followed by Mr. Clark, who continued until the summer of 1836. Thus, for six years, two A^ery good schools had been sustained, each numbering about sixty pupils. John Waters taught a school for a term, and also Caleb Williams, in 1838, About this time, several smaller schools were started by young ladies ; among others, one for misses, by Miss Chapin.

Thus far all schools had been sustained by individual effort. No good school house had been erected, and no attempt made to establish a permanent institution. It was evident that the growing wants of the community, its safety at home and its reputation abroad, demanded better educational advantages. Many of the prominent citizens felt this want, and determined to meet it. Accordingly, a joint stock company was organized, and an act to incorj^or- ate the Springfield Academy was approved March 1, 1839. In accordance with that act, the following named constituted the first Board of Trustees: Washington lies, F. Webster, Jr., S. T. Logan, John F. Rague, N. H. Ridgely, Robert Allen and Charles R. Matheny.

Under the auspices of this association, the Academy building was erected, Messrs. Town and Sill opened a school in this building before it was fully completed. They did not remain long, however, but were succeeded in the fall of 1840 by Rev. J. F. Brooks. For two years the school was open to both sexes, and then for a few months, until Mr. Brooks' connection with it ceased, only to females. From the spring of 1843 until the fall of 1853, this school was exclusively for females; first under the charge of Mr. AlJard, and then of Mr. Kimball. In 1844, Rev. Francis Springer took control of the school, on his own responsibility. He continued in charge until 1847, when he was succeeded by A. W. Estabrook. In the meantime, in the fall of 1844, Mr, Brooks had established a school for young ladies, at his own residence, on south Fifth street.

Public Schools

By the amended charter, approved March 2, 1854, the city of Springfield was placed in the Springfield school district, and the City Council authorized to establish and maintain free schools for the education of all white persons between the ages of five and twenty-one. The council was also empowered to "appoint seven inspectors to be denominated as the Board of School Inspectors, and to prescribe their duties,"

In accordance with this charter, an ordinance was passed, August 21, 1854, defining the powers of the School Board, and dividing the city into school districts.

Lots had already been purchased in each ward for school purposes, and the initiatory steps taken for the erection of school bnildings in the First and Third Wards. These buildings were completed in the spring of 1856.

" The Board of School Inspectors take pleasure in announcing to the public that the schools in the First and Third Wards will be opened on the 14th of this month, and that they are now ready to receive applications for the admission of pupils, according to the ordinance of the city in relation thereto. By order of the City Council, the First and Fourth Wards are constituted one district, to be styled the First

District, and the Second and Third Wards another, styled the Third District. Tho-e who are desirous of gaining admission for pupils, in their respective wards, must obtain certificates for that purpose from members of the Board."

On the 14th, the schools commenced - the one in the First Ward, under charge of Rev. Francis Springer, and that in the Third Ward, under A. W. Estabrook.

During the first term of the schools, which was the last term of the school year, there were registered seven hundred and thirty-nine pupils. At the close of the term the Principils, and most of their accociates, were elected for the ensuing year. Additional accommodations for schools were provided, in the basements of the Baptist and First Presbyterian churches.

According to the report of the Secretary of the School Board, there were enrolled during the year 1856-7 eight hundred and seventeen pupils.

At a meeting of the Board, held July 16, 1857, it was determined to confine instructions in the ward schools to the common English branches, and to recommend the establishment of a central high school, in which the higher English branches and the languages should be studied.

For the year 1857-8 Volney Hickox was elected Principal of the First Ward, A. W. Estabrook, of the Third Ward, and Beaumont Parks of the High School. February 6, 1858, Mr. Hickox presented his resiguation to the Board, and A. M. Brooks was elected to fill the vacancy. During the last term of that year there were enrolled eight hundred and fifty-three pupils.

In the spring and summer of 1858 buildings for the ward schools were erected in the Second and Fourth "Wards, at an expense of $10,000 each, and on the 20th of September, 1858, free schools were opened in each of the four Avards of the city. Twenty-two teachers were employed.

In November, 1858, on recommendation of the Board of School Inspectors, an ordinance was adopted by the Common Council creating the office of School Superintendent. S. M. Cutcheon was appointed to till the position.

The first annual report of the Superintendent was made in the summer of 1859. It is very full and complete, and his recommendations wise and beneficial. From the report it was learned that there were enrolled one thousand four hundred and seventy-six pupils, with an average number belonging of nine hundred and eightyseven, and an average attendance of seven bundred and ten. The following were the salaries of

The salary of female teachers who might be regained was to be increased |25 per annum for four years. The salary of each male teacher who might be retained was to be increased $50 per annum.

S. M. Cutcbeon was re-appointed Superintendent for 1859-60, and his second annual report shows a gratifying increase in attendance, there being enrolled one thousand six hundred and thirty-nine, against one thousand fotir hundred and seventy-six the year previous, while the average number belonging, one thousand one hundred and ninety, against nine hundred and eighty -seven in 1858-9. The accommodations for pupils was altogether insufficient.

Rev. Francis Springer was appointed Superintendent for the year 1860-61. In his report for the year he made many valuable sitggestions, and gave the following account of the buildings then in use:

"The First Ward cchool building is situated on Mason, between Twelfth and Thirteenth streets. The lot is 320 feet fronting on Mason, by 157 feet each on Twelfth and Thirteenth. The building is of brick and two stories high. The lower floor contains four good school rooms, capable of accommodating in all one hundred and eighty pupils. The second story embraces one large hall, two recitation rooms, and two small rooms suitable for library and apparatus. Its capacity is for the accommodation of one hundred and forty-four pupils, making for the entire building, accommodations for three hundred and twenty-four pupils. Cost of ground and improvements, about $12,000.

"The Second Ward school house is also on Mason street, between First and Second streets. The lot is three hundred and fifty feet fronting on Mason, and one hundred and fifty-seven feet, each, on First and Second. The building is of brick, and is three stories high. When completed, its capacity for pupils will be about four hundred. Cost of grounds and improvements, about $12,000.

"The Third Ward school house, situated on the corner of Edwards and Spring streets, occupies a lot measuring three hundred and twenty feet on Edwards, and one hundred and fourteen on Spring street. This building is in all respects after the same pattern as that of the First Ward, and, together with its grounds, cost about the same amount of money.

"The Fourth Ward school house, on the corner of Market and Twelfth streets, is constructed precisely on the same model as that of the Second Ward. The size of the lot is two hundred and forty feet on Market, by one hundred and fifty-seven feet on Twelfth. The expenditure of grounds and improvements, as also the capacity of the house are the same as that of the Second Ward."

The High School occujjied a building on Fifth street, between Monroe and Market, while the colored children were compelled to atlend school in a shanty in the rear of the African church, on North Fourth street. This African school was established the year previous, under Mr. Cutcheon's administration. Says Superintendent Springer of it in his first report: "Humble as it is, the school it contains has furnished the most satisfactory evidence of the capacity and aptitude of the colored children to acquire the rudiments of a good education. In rapidity of advancement and propriety of behavior, these youthful descendants of the African race compare very advantageously with the more favored children of Caucasian blood." The number enrolled this year was one thousand, six hundred and nine. A, M. Brooks was the Principal in the High School.

The war for the Union having commenced, Mr. Springer resigned the Superintendency, and J. D. Low was appointed to fill the vacancy. There were enrolled during the year, two thousand and forty pupils, with an average number belonging of one thousand three hundred and twenty-four, and an average attendance of one thousand one hundred and thirty-three. Considerable trouble was experienced in the proper gradation of the schools, but an efi^ort was made to improve the sj^stem. During the year the members of the school succeeded in collecting a library of over four hundred volumes, and as stated by the Superintendent, the books were also used. He recommended an annual appropriation for the purpose of procuring new books for the library.

For the school year 1862-3, J. D. Low was continued as Superintendent, with A. M. Brooks as Principal of the High School. Thirty-one teachers were employed. The entire cost of the schools were $17,845,60.

J. D. Low was le-appointed Superintendent for the year 1863-4. The whole number of pupils admitted this year was two thousand two hundred and sixty-four, with an average number belonging of one thousand four hundred and twenty-eight, and an average attendance of one thousand three hundred and eighty-four. The Superintendent, in his report, says: "While we have not accomplished all that we hoped, we have yet made substantial progress."

A. M. Brooks was made Superintendent for the year 1863-4, and submitted his first annual report iu the summer of 1865. The whole number of pupils enrolled was two thousand two hundred and ninety-four, with an average number belonging of one thousand four hundred and seventy, and an average attendance of one thousand four hundred and one; a better record than any previous year. The City Council at last waked up to the necessity of making an appropriation for a High School building, and one was erected, an honor to the city.

The Springfield High School building is situated on the corner of Fourth and Madison streets. The building is seventy-five feet long, fifty-eight feet wide and three stories high, with basement for furnaces, fuel rooms and other purposes. The walls are brick, eighteen and one-half inches thick with corners of dressed stone. The foundations are of stone, two feet thick. Two projections 25x14 feet contain the stairways. There are two entrances, one on Fourth street, the other on Madison, affording easy access to all parts of the building. The school rooms, six in number, are of ample size, well lighted, heated by wood furnaces, and well provided with blackboards. The floors are deafened, and a truss is placed under each, giving great firmness and strength. A Mansard roof, made of slate and tin, and self-supporting, allowed the construction of a large and commodious chapel in the third story of the building. It is a fine hall, well lighted and ventilated. Its size is Y2x55 feet, twenty-three feet high, giving abundant room for the public exercises of the school, and also for lectures and meetings of every kind connected with the public schools of the city. Two entrances enable the audience co enter or leave the chapel with great facility. The rooms are furnished with single desks of the most approved pattern and best material.

The High School building, together with additions to the Second and Fourth Ward School buildings, afforded ample accommodations for eight hundred more pupils.

The whole number of pupils enrolled in 1865-6 was two thousand five hundred and fifty-two; average number belonging, one thousand seven hundred and twelve; average number attending, one thousand five hundred and ninety-three.

In 1866-7, the salaries of the teachers were raised, the Principal of the High School receiving $1500 per year, and the Principal of the ward schools each $1250; Thomas York, the Principal of the coloi'ed school, $900. The assistants in High School each received $700; and those in ward schools from $350 to $500; generally the latter sum.- The number of pupils enrolled, two thousand eight hundred and seventy; average number belonging, two thousand and thirty-one; average attending, nineteen hundred and fourteen. There was expended this year for school purposes, $642,814.41. The library was increased this year, by a donation of several hundred volumes, from the Springfield Library Association. The grade of the ward schools was raised this year somewhat, which relieved the High School of a large number of pupils too immature for the requirements usually required from those who pursue academical studies.

The colored school was also furnished with a suitable building, and provided with furniture equal to the best in the ward schools. The Superintendent recommended the erection of suitable buildings for primary schools.

The whole number of pupils enrolled in 1867-8, was thirty-one hundred and six; average number belonging, twenty-one hundred and sixty; average number attending, twenty hundred and forty, and the per cent, of attendance, nine hundred and forty-four. There was expended this year for school purposes, $36,317.86. Complaint was made by the Superintendent, of the way the City Council used school funds.

In the report of Superintendent Brooks for the year 1868-9, says: " The past year has been one of success with many of the teachers, who have labored diligently in preparation for the class-room, in carrying out more fully, methods already known, and introducing improved plans of instruction. The expenditures this year amounted to $34,029.85. The whole number enrolled this yeai-, for some cause, was less than the previous, being two thousand seven hundred and thirteen; average number belonging, two thousand and forty-eight; average attending, one thousand nine hundred and forty-seven. The hall in the High School building was fitted np by the pupils so that exhibitions could be given without incurring extra expense, and the pupils of the ward schools were invited to give their future exhibitions in this hall. Benjamin C. Suesseratt was Principal of the High School this yeai'."

In March, 1869, the legislature passed an act vesting in a Board of Education, consisting of nine members, "All the rights, powers and privileges, in relation to schools, school property, real or personal, or school funds, now vested in the City Council of the city of Springfield." The Board of Education was required to certify to the City Council in June each year, the amount of money needed and required for school purposes for the fiscal year, commencing the first Monday in September succeeding each report. The City Council was then required to levy and collect the amount of money so reported, by taxation, and the Board of Education alone, through its proper officers, were permitted to expend it. The first Board of Education consisted of Rev. Francis Springer, President; Rev. J. K. McLean, B. M. Griflith, William E. Shutt, T. W. Dresser, A. L. Knapp, John L. Million, C. A. Helmle, Charles Ridgely.

Samuel Willard was Superintendent for the year 1869-70, Mr. Brooks declining a re-election. Mr. Willard's report was made in the summer of 1870. There were enrolled this year two thousand six hundred and thirty-seven pupils. Rev. Edwin P.Frost was the Principal of the High School. The graduating class this year consisted of twenty-one young ladies and gentlemen. The expenses of the school this year were $44,211.33.

For the year 1871-2, J. C. Bennett was retained as Superintendent, with A. M. Brooks Principal of the High School. There were forty-six teachers employed, and the total expenditures were $41,792.05. The whole number of pupils was two thousand five hundred and ninetythree ; average number belonging, one thousand nine hundred and fifty-nine ; average number attending, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.

In 1872-3 the same teachers, including Superintendent, and Principal of High School, were generally employed. The expenditures this year were $50,483.03, of which $32,481.84 was for salaries. The schools were considered prosperous.

J. C. Bennett was unanimously re-elected Superintendent for 1873-4, by the Board of Education, at their regular meeting, but declining the position, at a subsequent meeting A. M. Brooks was elected, with the understanding that he should remain Principal of the High School. Mr. Brooks' report for the year is very full and complete. There were two thousand six hundred and nineteen pupils enrolled ; average number belonging, one thousand nine hundred and fiftynine ; average attending, one thousand nine hundred and two. The expenditures this year were $53,345.03, of which $30,404.01 was for teachers, janitors. Superintendent and clerk. The library now numbers three thousand volumes.

For the year 1874-5, A. M. Brooks was again elected Superintendent, and F. R. Feithans, Principal of the High School. They were both re-elected for the year 1875-6.

The eighteenth annual report of the Superintendent shows two thousand six hundred and sixteen enrolled for the year ending June, 1876; average number belonging, two thousand and thirty-four; average attending, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-seven. The per cent, of the registered number attending was 75.6. This was the best showing in the history of the schools

The City Schools sent to the Centennial Exposition nine volumes ol written work - seven Irom the Ward Schools and two from the High School. The Second Ward School sent a volume of maps, and the Third Ward two volumes of drawings; two volumes of school reports and two of amateur papers by the pupils of the High School were also sent, making sixteen volumes in all.

The money paid for the paper and binding, together with the amount assessed upon the city, to bear the expenses of the educational department of Illinois at Philadelphia, was obtained by an exhibition given by the pupils of the Ward Schools. The teachers and scholars exerted themselves to gain a fair position among the schools of the country, and favorable reports of their success were received from visitors who had compared the work of our schools with that sent from other cities.

The enrollment for 1876^-7 was two thousand five hundred and fifty-nine, with an average number belonging of two thousand one hundred and ninteen; average attending, two thousand and fifty-eight; percent, of registered members attending, eighty and four-tenths, a very gratifying increase.

As usual, a large audience of the friends of the schools assembled to hear the graduating exercises of the senior class of the High School. Miss Lillie Washburn delivered the salutatory and Mr. Charles Wilson the valedictory. The names of the class, their grades and the programme used on the occasion, will be found in another place. No abatement of the interest shown in former years was perceived, and the efficiency of the public school system was attested by the number and character of the friends who were present.

The most noted event of the year was the formation of the Alumni Association of the High School. This body was regularly organized, and at the close of the year public exercises, such as are usual on such occasions, were held. An oration was delivered by Mr, George E. Dawson, of the class of 1864, a poem recited by Mrs. F. J. Janness (Miss Fedora J. Robinson), and a biographical sketch of the members was also read by Mrs. Laura J. Johnson (Miss Laura J. Clinton), both of the class of 1865. The oration, poem and sketch were ordered to be printed by the society. After the literary exercises were concluded, the members repaired to the Leland Hotel, where a sumptuous repast awaited them. Regular toasts were given and responded to by Messrs. McNeil, McClernand, Patton, Rourke, Kane, Feitshans and Brooks. The friends of the school regarded this association with much favor, and expect that in the future the influence of the society will be felt in promoting the cause of education in our city.

"The whole number enrolled is two thousand seven hundred and seventy-six ; the average number belonging two thousand three hundred and three and three-tenths; the average number attending, two thousand two hundred and fiftytbree and nine-tenths; and there are nine hundred and seventy-two tardy marks. The per cent, of the registered number attending is eighty-one and two tenths, that is, more than four-fifths of the whole number enrolled were in constant attendance. The per cent, of the average number belonging attending, is ninety-seven and nine-tenths, and the per cent, of tardiness is eleven one hundredths. There is a gain in the registered number of two hundred and seventeen; in the average number belonging, of one hundred and ei^ty-four and five-tenths, and in the average number attending, of one hundred and ninety-five and nine-tenths. There are ninety-one fewer cases of tardiness, with an increase of over two hundred pupils. The books in which the permits for re-entrance are recorded, show a great advance in this important matter of attendance. These books cover a period of nine years, and the contrast between the number of permits issued last year, and the number for 1871-2, is very striking. In a few of the best schools of our country a better attendance is found, and this fact will cause the faithful teacher to thoroughly canvass every aase of absence, and thus bring one of the chief obstacles to the pupil's progress within the narrowest limits possible."

"The past year has been one of quiet progress. An effort has been made to advance in every direction as far as possible, and to allow no retrograde movement. No special effort has been attempted, and the examinations have been held with a view to have each division of the couise of study thoroughly mastered.

" The attendance at the schools has been good, as is shown by the following statements. The number on the annual register is two thousand seven hundred and seventy-six; the average number belonging, two thousand one hundred and seventy-one; the average number attending is two thousand one hundred and foureen; and there are eight hundred and seventy-eight tardinesses on the rolls. In many departments, the attendance is excellent, in a few there is still room for improvement."

"The attendance during the past year was diminished, and the efficiency of the schools considerably impaired, by the absence of many pupils who left school on account of the scarlet fever in the city. But for this reason, quite an increase of numbers would have been reported.

" The whole number of pupils enrolled is two thousand seven hundred and forty ; the average number belonging is two thousand and sixtynine; the average number attending is two thousand and two, and the number of tardy marks, eight hundred and eighty-two.

"The whole amount expended was $31,955.09; the whole amount of scrip redeemed was $48,- 131.06. A debt of -fil 6,175.97 was paid, quite a number of repairs made, and a balance of $1,512.72 left in the treasury at the close of the fiscal year. The teachers and other employes of the Board were paid promptly at the end of

The school property, before the close of the year, was put in good repair. About all that can be done for the building now in use, has been accomplished. The fact is patent to all who have taken pains to be informed on the subject, that the present accommodations fall far short of what is imperatively needed; and that we should have larger school rooms, properly heated, lighted and ventilated. While great improvements have been made in almost everything else, most of our school rooms are no better than those in use a quarter of a century ago. The modern furniture placed in the First, Second, Third and Fourth Ward schools during the present year, forms a striking contrast with the antiquated and nondescript affairs used as desks in most of the schools. The children cannot be accommodated any longer with even the poor seats so long in use, and a large amount of money as has been stated several times before in previous reports, is annually wasted, because the rooms in the lower grades are not large enough to seat as many pupils as a primary teacher is able to instruct. Measures will doubtless be taken during the coming year, to obtain the improvements demanded by the wants of the pupils, and a proper regard for the economical disbursement of the funds raised for the support of schools. The Superintendent, Andrew M. Brooks, and Principal of the High School, Professor Feitshans, were retained for the years 1880-81, as well as the greater number of teachers in the ward schools. As showing the present condition of the schools, the twenty-third annual report of the Superintendent is dravv'n on pretty liberally. In his report, he says:

"The whole number of pupils registered during the past year was two thousand seven hundred and ninety-two; the average number belonging, two thousand one hundred and fifty and fourtenths; the average number attending, two thousand seventy-eight and two-tenths; and the number of tardinesses, one thousand one hundred and seventy-three. The figures show a gain oyer last year in the number of pupils attending. The attendance of the different schools is given in he table below, and in another place, the atendauce of each school is given in detail, preenting the standing of each district, in this paricular, for each month of the school year:

School

"The whole amount expended for the support of thecity schools was 136,181.34. The receipts amounted to $37,242.18, and the balance on hand is $3,882,83.

" The following table shows the amount paid for tuition alone, and also the entire expenditure in each school. For the purpose of comparison, the table taken from the report of 1880 is also given:

" This table shows that the amount paid for tuition is about the same as it was last year, but the general expenditure has increased considerably. This increase was caused by the extensive repairs rendered necessary on account of so small an amount being expended for this purpose for several years, the finances of the board not allowing a greater appropriation than was suflicient for the preservation of the property, and even that was not fully done, some of the fences and other wood-work, for the want of paint, being badly injured.

"The cost per annum for each pupil attending, fortuition alone, is 111.43. The entire cost for each pupil is $17.40. The cost for tuition in the High School is $34.48. The entire cost in the High School for each pupil attending is $52.68.

"The teachers' meeting was convened regularly, as in the preceding year. No pains was spared in the attempt to make the meeting a success. The discussions and other topics presented in the programmes, were such as were deemed, for the time being, most profitable to the teachers and the schools. To make these meetings affaiis of mere enjoyment and entertainment, seems desirable to some who appear to forget that the sole design of the Institution is to improve the members in the art of teaching. To present topics of practical value in the school-room should be the sole aim of those conducting the exercises. The points to be discussed should be made as interesting as possible, and this will not be a difficult matter, if the object requiring the teachers to assemble be fully understood.

"The closing exercise of the school year, the graduation of the Senior Class of the High School, was held at the Opera House on Friday, June 17. The following young ladies and gentlemen received their diplomas from Dr. Albert H. Trapp, the President of the Board: Lizzie C. Armstrong, Benita Berry, Maggie E. Cobbs, William D. Carpenter, Alice Dallman, Fred. E. Dodds, Henry A. Johnson, Anna Poffenbarger, Edwin A. Reece, Helen Saunders, Clara W. Staley, Katie L. Ulrich, Florence Whipple and Willis F. Wright.

"Fred. E. Dodds delivered the salutatory, and Miss Florence Whipple the valedictory. A full programme of the exercises will be found in another part of the report. As usual, a large and attentive audience testified by their presence their interest in the public schools.

" This is the twenty-first class. The names of three hundred and forty-fire graduates are found on the roll of the alumni of the High School. Of this number, one hundred and nineteen are gentlemen, and two hundred and twentv-eight are ladies. As far as we can learn, all are usefully employed. It has been our good fortune to sign over three hundred diplomas presented to those who have finished the course of study of this school, and it is with much satisfaction that we note the fact that not one of these testimonials is in the possession of a worthless character. To promote the thoroughness of the school, allowing no unworthy person to take a place among its alumni, should be the earnest aim of those who are intrusted with the care of the institution.

" We think that the teachers as a class may be justly commended for an earnest and successful discharge of their duties. In their work they have given prominence, as they should, to the instruction of their classes, and in this they were especiallj^ successful, as was evinced by the careful, searching examinations which their pupils passed with more than ordinary credit. The range of the questions was sufficiently wide, and enough time was taken to show with accuracy the attainments of the scholars. At the close of these examinations it was a source of gratification to the Superintendent to reward the labor of the teacher, as far as he was able, by commending the class for the good standing acquired, in most cases, by diligent study.

"The last day of the fiscal year was signalized by the canceling of all outstanding warrants, leaving, as the financial statement shows, a handsome balance in the treasury. The teachers and others holding the obligations of the board were promptly paid throughout the year, insuring the ready, cheerful action Avhich always attends the cash system."

In the summer of 1881 F. R. Feitshans, A. M., was elected Superintendent by the Board of Education, and now fills the position. The schools are in a flourishing condition, with every prospect of good work in the future as in the past. The following named constitute the corps of teachers now employed:

High School

Almost since the organization of the graded system, the teachers of the public schools of the city have had regular meetings, when they discussed all matters pertaining to the government and success of their schools. Great good has resulted fron? these meetings, and the efficiency of the teachers is in a great measure due to the information obtained at these institutes.

Graduates Of The High School

It is but due to the young ladies and gentlemen who have graduated from the high school in this city since its organization, should be given in this connection. Among the names will be recognized several occupying prominent positions in society at the present time. The following embraces a complete list.

Class Of 1875

Lizzie Hughes, Anna A. Hannon, Lucy A. Montgomery, Anna L. Power, Carrie B. Phillips, Nellie W. Queenan, Ella M. Rippon, Lizzie Schlitt, Amanda A. White.

Class

As a specimen of the class songs of the graduating classes of the High School, the following are given: the first being by the class of 1873, and the latter by the class of 1875:

Class Op '73

Chorus - School-mates all, farewell, farewell, May each life-path shining be; May Fame's loudest pseans swell, For the Class of Seventy-three.

Full oft in fancy's rosy light, These scenes will rise to view; And many a retrospection bright, Will thrill our hearts anew. As low, sweet echoes of a song,

Commemorative Exercises

On the death of President Garfield, the High School held commemorative exercises, in which were read or recited selections from his speeches on facts in relation to his life, according to the following programme:

Spirit Of The Press, Continued

New York Herald - Read by Charles Opel. New York Tribune - Read by Laura Snyder. Boston Herald - Read by Mary Rhoads. A Heavy Day - By Nora Cook and Emma Billington.

The Present School Year

The registered number of pupils is, two thousand five hundred and twenty-two ; average number belonging, two thousand three hundred and twenty-seven ; average number attending, two thousand two hundred and forty-six ; per cent, of attendance, ninety-six and four-tenths ; number of tardy marks, one hundred and fortyfour; per cent, of tardiness, fifteen hunredths.

Rev. John F. Brooks

In connection with the educational history of Springfield, a sketch of Rev. J. F. Brooks is in place, as he has had longer connection with the schools of the place than any other man. The quotation is made from Power:

"Rev. John F. Brooks was born December 3, 1801, in Oneida county, N. Y. His parents were of New England origin, but emigrated to New York in 1792, when the whole region was a forest, with here and there a small settlement. Mr. Brooks graduated at Hamilton College, in that county, in 1828, and afterwards studied three years in the theological department of Yale College, New Haven, Connecticut. He was ordained to the gospel ministry by Oneida Presbytery, in the autumn of 1831, and was married soon after to a daughter of Rev. Joel Bradley. They immediately left for Illinois, under a commission from the American Home Missionary Society, They traveled by canal, lake and stage to Pittsburg, thence by steamboat, down the Ohio river to New Albany, Indiana. Any route to Illinois by the way of Chicago, in those days, was not to be thought of, as that place was just emerging from the condition of an Indian trading station. At New Albany Rev. Mr. Brooks purchased a horse and 'Dearborn,' as it was then called, which was a one-horse wagon with stationary cover. In this they continued their journey, crossing the Wabash river at Vincennes. After passing a skirt of timber on the west side, they entered the first prairie of Illinois, in the midst of a furious storm. They were far from any house, with only the carriage as a protection, and that in danger of being upset by the gale. They weathered the storm, however, by turning the back of their carriage to it, but the prairie was covered with water, and they conld only discern the path by observing where the grass did not rise above the water. They sought a house to dry their garments, and that night arrived at Lawrenceville, where Rev. Mr. B. preached his tirst sermon in Illinois, the next day being Sabbath. About three days after they arrived at Vandalia, the State Capital, having been five weeks on the way from the vicinity of Utica, New York. After visiting several towns and villages, Rev. Mr. Brooks located for the winter at Collinsville, in the southern part of Madison county, preaching, alternately, there and at Belleville. In the spring of 1832 he moved to the latter place, where he continued five years, preaching there, and at several other points in St. Clair and Monroe counties.

About the second year of his residence at Belleville, he and his wife opened a school, which increased so rapidly they emj^oyed an assistant. They taught all grades, from A, B, C, to the classics and higher mathematics. Several attended that school, who afterwards entered the halls of legislation, and other departments of public lile. In 1837, Mr. Brooks was chosen Principal of a Teachers' Seminary, which benevolent individuals were endeavoring to establish in Waverly, Morgan county. He taught there with success, but the general embarrassment of the country, caused by the financial disasters of 1837, compelled the relinquishment of that enterprise. During the time he was teaching he endeavored to preach one sermon every Sabbath, but the double labor induced bronchial affection, from which he has never fully recovered. In 1840, Mr. B. was called to Springfield to take charge of an academy for both sexes, though in different apartments, to be taught in a new brick edifice erected for that purpose on the west side of Fifth street, between Monroe and Market. Here he continued his labors, with the aid of two assistants, for two years and a half. Many persons now prominent in business or in domestic life, received a portion of their education there. After this he labored for two years under direction of Presbytery, supplying vacant churches in this and adjoining counties. His health was now much impaired, and designing light labor, he opened a school for young ladies, in a small room near his own house- The applications soon outran the size of the room, which he enlarged, and his wife again assisted him. His school increased, his health improved, and he purchased the property on the corner of Fifth and Edwards streets, re-arranging ihe two-story frame building internally to suit the purposes of a school. This he opened as a Female Seminary, the autumn of 1849, with three assistants, and Mrs. Brooks in charge of the primary dapartment, held in the room he previously occupied. In addition to the usual course, Mr. Brooks added drawing, painting and music; two pianos were introduced, and this is believed to have been the first effort at teaching music in the schools of Springfield. This seminary prospered for four years, when Mrs. Brooks' health failed, and it became necessary to clof-e the institution. Since her death in 1860, Rev. Mr. Brooks has devoted a large part of his time to hearing classes, and giving private lessons.

He was one of seven young men who banded together, while in their theological course in New Haven, for the establishment of a college in this State. Illinois College, at Jacksonville, is the result of their exertions. Mr. Brooks has been one of its trustees from the first.

He relates, as an illustration of the change of times in attending Presbytery in the State since he entered it, that a clergyman in those days must have his horse and saddle as certainly as his Bible and hymn book. The settlements were remote from each other, and a ride of three or four days to a meeting of Presbytery was a common experience. Once, in attending such a meeting, Mr. Brooks traveled in an easterly direction srom Belleville, for two or three days, and found a sparse settlement, mostly of log cabins. They had erected a frame church building and roofed it, without siding or floor, with only a few rough boards for seats. The Presbytery opened its sessions, several sermons were preached, the sacrament administered, but rain came on before that body adjourned, and they moved to a private house, with only one room and a small side apartment. At meal time. Presbytery adjourned, that the table might be spread, and after evening service six or seven members lodged in the same room, on beds spread on the floor. People, in sustaining re ligious worship under such circumstances, made as great sacrifices, according to their means, as those who build their $50,000 churches do now. At this meeting, Mr. Brooks was entertained at a cabin where the only light admitted was through an open door, or one or two sheets of oiled paper, in place of glass windows. He met a man, however, in that settlement, from his native town, in New York, and he had two glass windows; but his neighbors thought him extravagant and somewhat aristocratic, to indulge in

Mr. Brooks and Elizabeth C. Bradly were married in 186;^. Mrs. Brooks now carries on a select school for young ladies and misses, on South Fifth street, being assisted by Mr. Brooks.

Ursuline Convent

a chartered Educational Institute founded and carried on by Ursuliue Nuns, members of an order founded in Italy, by St. Angela of Brescia, in the sixteenth century, for the education of youth. The order is a very widely extended one, having atleastfive hundred houses throughout the world, with a membership of 25,000 persons.

Three Ursuline ladies, well-known in this city, as Mother Joseph Tonelfe, Mother Charles Molony and Mother De Sales Coleman first came to this county (on the invitation of Right Reverend Junker, D.D., Bishop of Alton.) in 1857. They first rented and occupied for some time, what the old settlers will remember as the Franklin House; afterwards purchased the property of Mr. Britton on the corner of Sixth and Mason streets. Although having but poor and small accommodations, their schools were filled to their utmost capacity by rich and poor, and many ladies of this and other States now occupying high social stations, remember with loving veneration, the small class-rooms, dormitories, and reflectories of the "Old Convent."

In 1867, the Nuns, with their pupils, removed to their present beautiful Convent, just outside the city, in the midst of a magnificent grove. The building is of brick, 103x67 feet, three stories high, with a basement and attic, and erected at a cost of $70,000. The rooms are all very lofty and spacious, the class-rooms being fourteen feet in height. The building is heated by a steam furnace; hot and cold waters are supplied in each story. Splendid bath rooms, fine recreation and dining halls, as well as well ventilated dormitories, leave nothing to be desired in point of healthfulness, and the quality of tuition and proverbially gentle mode of treatment, makes it an institution eminently suited for the purposes ol education.

The Convent is surmounted by a fine belfry, commanding a view of the city and its environs. It contains a large bell of mellow, musical tone.

The Convent is supplied with a more than ordinary cabinet, containing some five hundred specimens, contributed mostly by friends. The walls are adorned with some fine paintings, one especially, the work of an old master, brought from Rome and presented by Rev. 11. D. Junkers. The worker's tapestry is especially fine, representing on a large scale historical and poetical subjects. The apparatus for teaching the sciences is very good.

To the Convent is attached a chapel, formerly presided over by Rev. T. J. Cowley, who died at the Convent, January 12, 1881, much lamented by all. The position is now filled by Rev. B. W. Alne, a clergyman of high intellectual endowments and a graduate of one of the most celebrated German Universities.

Many of the early members have departed this life, but the venerable Mother Joseph presides over it as Lady Superior. Mother Joseph is a pupil of the famous Ursaline Convent, of Black Rock, Cork, Ireland. She commenced her vows in the Charleston, South Carolina Cathedral, in 1835, the event having been taken by the celebrated Benjamin West as a subject for a picture now in the Gallery of Art in Washington, D. C. There are at present twenty-six members in the institution. This Convent has branch houses at Jerseyville and Petersburg, of this State, having charge of an aggregate ot two hundred and fifty pupils, making the total number of pupils under charge of Springfield Roman Catholic Ursalin© Convent, four hundred and fifty-eight.

Objects Of Interest In Convent

A curious little work of art repesenting the first Convent of the Order in Quebec, founded by Mother Mary, of the Incarnation; surnamed by Bossuet the "Teresa of New France." The Convent and surroundings are made of the bark of an old elm, under tbe shade of which the saintly lady taught the children of the Iroquois and and Algouquins Indians as early as 1680. The

Religious

Springfield can boast of some handsome church edifices, though none of them very costly, and probably has as many regular church-going people as any city of its size. In this connection are given historical sketches of nearly all the congregations. Imperfect records sadly interfere with the historian's work.

First Methodist Episcopal

A society was organized in this city some time in 1821, by Rev. James Simms, a good man in every respect, and possessing the qualities that made men popular at that early day. The society was small, and its meetings were held in the cabins of its members.

Among the first Methodists who settled here was Charles R. Matheny,who arrived here in the spring of 1821. His house for several years was a preaching place and home for Methodist itinerants. The organization of the church was kfpt up from the commencement - the circuit preachers filling the appointment every two weeks. Rev. Peter Cartwright preached quite often in 1825. There being no regular place of worship, the society did not grow very rapidly until the summer of 1829, when the old log school house was built.

In 1829, the members of the society determined to make an effort to erect a church, and a subscription was started for that purpose and circulated among the citizens generally. Pascal P. Enos subscribed $50, and told the trustees they could take their choice between that amount of ready money and two city lots, the same now occupied by the church on the corner of Monroe and Fifth streets. The trustees were divided in opinion, some thinking it best to take the money and others the lots, having no idea that the lots would be worth more than |50 in a few years. It was finally decided to take the lots, which were accordingly donated to the society by Mr. Euos. A frame church was erected upon one of the lots in the summer of 1830 and dedicated the following winter. It was used until the completion of the present building.

In 1833, under the ministration of Rev. Smith L. Robinson, quite a revival took place, and a large number of persons were converted. This was a marked era in the history of Methodism in Springfield, for the influence of the revival was such as to place the society upon a permanent basis. Up to this time the society had been supplied with preaching by the circuit preachers, in connection with the Sangamon circuit, but feeling themselves strong enough to form a separate charge, it was so formed in 1834. Rev. Joseph Edmundson was the first minister after the charge was organized, with the following named Stewards: Eiiraund Roberts, Charles R. Matheny, John Dickey, Jacob M. Early and Edward J. Phillips. Mr. Edmundson is kindly remembered by old settlers at this day. He remained in charge one year, and was succeeded by Rev. Hooper Crews, who remained two years, and whose labors were attended with great success - the church nearly or quite doubling its members during that time. He was followed by Rev. Peter Akers, who left at the end of his first year, and was succeeded by Rev. John T. Mitchell, who left the church prosperous. Rev. Orceneth Fisher came next, and remained one year.

In the fall of 1841, Rev. Jonathan Stamper became the pastor. He remained two years during which time an interesting revival took place. Rev. W. S. Crissey was the next preacher, being succeeded at the expiration of one year by Rev. John P. Richmond, who remained the same length of time. His two immediate successors were Revs. Chauncy Hobartand John S. Bargar.

In 1847, Rev. James F. Jacquess became pastor of the church. Under his preaching an extensive revival took place, and many were converted. He was returned in 1848, but left before the expiration of the year to take charge of the Female College at Jacksonville. The remainder of his term was finished by Eev. W. T. Bennett. During the next three years Revs. Calvin W, Lewis and Robert E. Guthrie were jiastors of the church. The last named was followed by Rev. Thomas Magee in October, 1862, up to which time the old frame church, built in 1830, had been used for divine worship. An addition to it was built during the ministry of Rev. Mr. Stamper, but those who worshipped in it in 1852 considered it somewhat of a reproach to Methodism, and thought the time had arrived for it to give way to a larger and more appropriate building. Soon after the arrival of Mr. Magee a subscription was started, and a sufiicient amount was subscribed to justify the society in the erection of their present house of worship. Its original cost was about $10,000. It had a very handsome spire, which was much admired when in its proper place, but it was finally removed by a strong wind and placed in the yard below. Rev. Mr. Magee was returned to the pastorate a second time, and gave all his spare time to the erection of a new edifice, but he did not remain Icng tnciigh in this \\orld to witness its completion. He visittd Bloomington in March, 1854, and contracted a disease which soon teiminated his life. His last hours were peaceful and Lappy, for he had followed the golden rule in his intercourse with his fellow men, and given the energies of his life to the cause of Christ. The vacancy caused by his death was filled by Rev. Jamegt E. Willson, who was followed by Rev. J. L. Crane, who remained tAvo years and left with the regrets of his congregation. He Avas succeeded by Rev. C. W. Sears.

In 1866, Rev. J. S. Davidson was appointed to the charge, and remained three years, being succeeded by Rev. Mr. Phillips, who also served the same length of time. In 187 2, Rev. W. H. Webster became the pastor, and remained also the full time permitted by the rules of the church. In 1875, Rev. R. M. Barnes was sent by the Conference, but only remained two years, greatly to the disappointment of the congregation. Rev. J. H. Noble was then stnt, and remained three years. In 1880, the present pastor, Rev. T. A. Parker, began his labors, and under his charge the congregation is in a most flourishing condition, its membership active and zealous.

Second Methodist Episcopal Chukch

The city was then notably and remarkably extending in the direction of the north, and it was thought that this circumstance, combined with the southern location and over-grown condition of the First Methodist Episcopal Church, was a Providential call for Springfield Methodism to move out and occupy and "possess the land" in the northern half of the city. Accordingly, a noble and self-sacrificing band of brethren and sisters from the First Church, in a most peaceable and amicable manner, withdrew from the former fold and constituted themselves the Second Methodist Episcopal Church, Springfield.

They fully conformed to the laAV of the church in the details of their organization, and when completed, they reported the same to the Illinois Annual Conference, and asked to have a preacher sent to them. To this request the Conference replied by naming Rev. W. S. Prentice as their first pastor.

This church bought the house of worship formerly used by the Presbyterians, and which stood on the northwest corner of Sixth and Monroe streets. This building they movtd to the spot it now occupies on Fifth street near Madison, improved it, and occupied it about October 1,1865. The church has been remodeled and repaired from time to time, and is now in excellent condition. In 1877-8, the society erected a commodious parsonage on the lot south of the church. The whole property is now valued at $10,000, and is free from debt.

The house now used, has sittings, in main audience room, for 250 persons, by means of sliding doors the lecture room can be added to this, seating in all nearly or quite 400.

The church is in a prosperous condition. The membership is now two hundred and nineteen, and during the two years last past it has had a net growth of fifty members.

The Sabbath school numbers one hundred and seventy-five, and is doing an excellent work. The present eflScient superintendent, R. F. Herndon, was elected in 1865, and has been re-elected fifteen times.

First Presbyterian

Rev. John M. Ellis organized the Sangamon Presbyterian Church, now the First Presbyterian Church of Springfield, on the 23d day of January, 1828. The organization was kept up during the next spring and summer, but no particular interest was manifested till the arrival of Rev. J. G. Bergen, of New Jersey, who, in November of the same year, became the first pastor of the church. He took the right course to render himself and the church popular by making himself "at home" with the people generally, and in a short time he had more hearers than the log school house would comfortably hold. The school house was built in the summer of 1828 on the corner of Second and Adams streets. Its builders, the principal citizens of Springfield, intended it for school and religious purposes, and it was used until the completion of the church built by the Presbyterians in the fall of 1830.

The first elders of the church were John Moore, John N. Moore, (his son) Isaiah Stillman and Samuel Reid. Elder Moore and his son lived twenty miles north, Mr. Stillman ten miles northeast, and Mr. Reid three miles west of Springfield. The first members were John Moore, John N Moore, Andrew Moore, Elijah Scott, Mary Moore, Margaret Moore, Phoebe Moore, Catharine Moore, Jane Scott, Samuel Reid, Jane Reid, James White, William Proctor, Isaiah Stillman, Olive Slater, Elizabeth Moore, Mary R. Humperies and Ann lies.

When Mr. Bergen took charge of the church there were but six members of it living in Springfield - five women and one man, the school teacher. Soon after Mr. Bergen's arrival he appointed a sacramental meeting for the little church, and requested the members and all others interested in the cause of religion to attend. At the preparatory meeting on the previous Saturday, the following resolution was passed:

" Hesolved, That the citizens of this place be invited to meet in the school house at early candle lighting to take into consideration the expediency of undertaking to build a Presbyterian meeting house, and that Rev. Mr. Bergen give the notice."

At the called meeting of the citizens it was resolved to undertake the erection of a church building, and the following named persons were appointed trustees and a building committee: John Todd, Gersham Jayne, Washington lies, David L. Taylor, John Mofi^ett, Samuel Reid and Elijah Slater. The idea of building a meeting house was well received by the citizens generally, but many of them looked upon it as somewhat chimerical, and it is said that some who signed the subscription paper considered the whole matter a pretty good joke. They signed readily, for they did not intend to appear less liberal than their neighbors, but while pledging themselves to pay the sums set down opposite their names, they considered their money perfectly safe.

There was some question as to whether the building would be of wood or brick. Some contended that wood was good enough for the occasion, and that a frame church would last until the place became sulRciently old and wealthy to warrant the erection of a different and more expensive building. Others said that a brick building would last longer and look better than a wooden one, and after a short but animated discussion, they carried their point. The next important question was how to get the brick, and some were puzzled to know how the church was to be built after the brick had been obtained. Clay was considered by the advocates of wood, rather a scarce article, and though nearly every male resident of the place knew how to build a brick chimney, none had confidence enough in themselves to suppose they could build a house of the same material. The summer of 1829 was spent in making preparations for building, and the church was completed in the summer of 1830. It was dedicated November 20th, of the same year. Thomas Brooker, of Belleville, superintended the brick-work and manufactured the brick. The entire cost of the building was about 11,000. It was twenty-eight by forty feet in size. The church still stands on the southeast corner of Third and Washington streets.

The corner-stone of the second spacious building occupied by the members of the First Presbyterian Church was laid in 1842, aad the building erected, and basement used during the ensuing winter and summer. The main audience room was completed in the fall of 1843, and dedicated in November of that year. The cost of the building was about $12,000. In 1858, the church was enlarged and otherwise improved. After laboring for twenty years, spending a great deal of his time in the missionary work of the Presbytery, Dr. Bergen resigned the charge of the First Church, and Dr. James Smith, of Shelbyville, Kentucky, was elected pastor.

Dr. Smith was an eminent Christian divine of rare ability as a preacher and a controversialist, and the church greatly prospered under his ministry, and during the years 1854 and 1855, especially, the records show a large number of additions upon profession of faith. His pastorate continued for nearly seven years. He resigned, and the pastoral vocation was dissolved in 1856.

Rev. John H. Brown, D. D., was elected pastor. Dr. ]3rown was a native of Kentucky, and was pastor of the McCord Church, of Lexington, for twelve years. He served the church with great ability and faithfulness till 1864, when he resigned, and Rev. F. H. Wines was elected the pastor, who continued his ministry for four years, resigning in 1869, when the present pastor. Rev. Janes A. Reed, was chosen. He was called and commenced his labors in 1869, and has now been pastor of the church for eleven years. Soon after he was called the necessity of a new building became apparent, on account of the limited capacity of the old one, and its near proximity to the railroad. Steps were about to be taken in this direction, when an overture came from the Third Presbyterian Church, with reference to the purchase and occupancy of their new and spacious building, which was then heavily encumbered with debt. Arrangements that were satisfactory were made, and the building now standing on the corner of Capitol Avenue and Seventh street, became the property of the First Presbyterian Church. This church originally cost about 190,- 000 ; has a fine pipe organ, and is heated by steam. It has now a membership of four hundred and fifty, and has two missions. It has a bench of thirteen acting elders, viz : C. C. Brown, D. C. Brown, James P. Bryce, R. H. Beach, E. P. Beach, A. M. Brooks, R. W. Diller, John Dalby, T. S. llenning, W. W. Hayden, George Hemingway, George White.

This church was organized on the 26th day of May, 1835, and recognized by the Presbytery of Sangamon, June 8, of the same year. It consisted at its organization of thirty members, all of whom had been members of the First Presbyterian Church. The congregation had no regular pastor for nearly a year after its organization. Rev. Dewey Whitney was elected to the pastorate, on the 25th of March, 1836, and commenced his labors on the following day. He remained till February, 1839, when he resigned. His labors were very acceptable to his congregation, and his departure was generally regretted. The relation between him and the church was formally dissolved by the Presbytery at the spring session of 1839. He was a native of one of the New England States, but had lived in Kentucky some years previous to the commencement of his ministerial duties at this place. Some years after leaving Springfield, he was killed in one of the Southern States, while visiting near relatives. He was I'iding a horse, which, becoming frightened, threw him. His foot caught in the stirup, and he wag dragged a considerable distance. He survived his injuries but a short time.

In the summer of 1839, the congregation invited Rev. Albert Hale to become its pastor. He accepted the invitation, and preached his first regular sermon here on the 15th of November following. He was installed on the first day of July, 1840, and remained as pastor until January, 1867, a period of twenty-seven years. His pastorate was a pleasant and profitable one to the congregation, and he only resigned on account of increasing age, believing that a younger than he might minister more acceptably. He still remains a citizen of Springfield, and worships with the church over which he was so long a pastor.

The elders of the church at its organization were Samuel Reed, E. S. Phelps, Joseph Thayer, Thomas Moffett, and John B. Watson. Its present elders are E. B. Nawley, R. Pope, Jas, C. Conkling, Geo. M. Brinkerhoff, Clinton L. Conkling, William B. Baker, Fred. Wilson, and Bobert Smilie.

Some one thousand two hundred and fifty members have belonged to the church since its organization, about eight hundred of whom united during Mr. Hale's pastorate. Its membership is now three hundred and eighty. Several revivals of religion have taken place in the church since its organization, a very important one being in the winter of 1840-1. The church was crowded at every meeting, and the revival resulted in the conversion of about one hundred persons. Rev. James Gallagher assisted in this work.

Two church edifices have been erected by the congregation, the first of which was commenced in 1839 and finished in 1840. Its cost was in the neighborhood of $12,000. It was situaied on the northwest corner of Monroe and Fourth streets, a very eligible situation.

On the 21st of April, 1867, Rev. George H. Robertson was installed as pastor of the church and continued as pastor until September 22, 1871. During his pastorate one hundred and twenty-four persons were admitted as members.

Rev. Charles D. Shaw succeeded him and commenced his labors January 7, 18 72, was installed June 2, 18 72, and resigned July 1, 18H. Sixty five members were admitted during his pastorate.

He was succeeded by Rev. George H. Fullerton, who began his work December 17, 1874. His pastoral relation was dissolved by Presbytery June 26, 1879. One hundred and thirtyfour members were admitted during his pastorate, of whom about ninety were by profession.

On November 9, 1879, Rev. L. G. Hays acccepted a call from said church, and continued to be its pastor until February 15, 1881, when his resignation took effect.

Third Presbyterian

This church was organized February 7, 1849, with between fifty and sixty members, who withdrew from the First Presbyterian Church for that purpose. The pastors under this organization were Revs. Richard V. Dodge, C. P. Jennings, G. W. C. Burch and Rev. H. M. Paynter. The building now occupied by the First Presbyterian Church was erected by the Third and sold to the First in 1871.

The Third Church was re-organized March 30, 1873, under the pastoral of Rev. H. M. Paynter, with forty members. November 1, 1875, Rev. J. J. Gulick was called to the pastorate as a licentiate Previous to this time, however, the present church edifice, occupied by the society, wa< erected, being completed in October, 1875, and dedicated on November 1, 1875.

In 1877, Rev. A. K. Bates was called and installed pastor. In April, 1877, Rev. F. M. Baldwin was elected Stated Supply, and October 14, 1880, a call was extended to Rev. E. S. Mc- Michael to become pastor. The membership of the church is seventy-five, A Sunday school meets every Sunday at 2 p. m., under the superintendency of Edwin A. Wilson.

Central Baptist

On the 17th of July, 1830, a few members of the different Baptist Churches met in Springfield and adopted articles of faith in accordance with the sacred Scriptures and the belief of the Baptist denomination, and eight persons were publicly recognized, by a regular council, as the First Baptist Church, of Springfield. Rev. Aaron Vandeveer was called as the pastor, and on the 21st of August commenced his labors. He remained about five years, and there were added to the church ten by baptism, sixty by letter, ten by experience - total, eighty.

In June, 1S34, the church made an effort to build a place of worship, and purchased a lot for the same. In June, l§>i5. Elder Vandeveer resigned, and in 1836 Elder Mariam became the pastor of the church. During his ministry their first house of worship was erected, and seventy were added to the church by baptism and twenty by letter. The Lick Creek Church was also formed by the dismissal of twenty-six members from this church. He closed his labors with the church November 1838, and was succeeded in October, 1839 by Rev. O. C. Comstock, who labored one year, during which time four were added by baptism and eleven by letter.

On the 22d of November, 1840, Rev. H. W. Dodge became pastor of the church, and when he had preached about three years, he asked and obtained leave of absence for six months, but did not return to the pastorate. During his ministry Rev. Thomas Powell assisted him in a proti'acted meeting, which i-esulted in a large addition to the church. During his pastorate seventy-one were baptized, eighteen received by letter, and four by experience. Within the same period, eleven members were dismissed to constitute the Baptist Church in Decatur.

In October, 1846, Rev. G. S.Bailey commenced his labors as pastor of the church, and terminated them in October, 1849. The additions to the church were thirty-five by baptism, nineteen by letter, and one by experience. Measures were taken during this time to erect a new house of worship, in which Elder Bailey manifested a lively interest, traveling east to raise funds to secure this object. At the time he resigned his charge thfe house was nearly completed. The German Baptist Church, of Springfield, was also constituted during his pastorate, by the dismissal of members from this church.

On the 7th of April, 1850, their new house of worship was dedicated to the service of God, and Rev. T. C. Teasdale, D. D., who had previously been called to the charge of this church, preached the dedicatory sermon from Acts, 5:20. Elder Teasdale having accepted the call of the church, entered at once upon his duties as pastor, and a protracted meeting was held, resulting in the conversion of a number of persons. He remained a little over two years, and ninety were added by baptism, and twenty-two by letter, and two bv experience.

In July, 1853, Rev. William Sym took pastoral charge of the church and remained two years, during which time eleven were added by baptism, and eighteen by letter.

Rev. N. W. Miner assumed the duties pertaining to the pastorate in April, 1855, and remained fourteen years. Rev. Nehemiah Pierce became pastor November 1, 1870, and died March 25, 1873. Rev. H. M. Worrell succeeded, acting as pastor from November, 1874, to June, 1878. Rev. J. L. M. Young came next, and remained about seven months, until the union of the First Baptist and North Church.

The constituent members of the church numbered eight. The membership in 1838, was one hundred and four; in 1840, ninety-three; in 1845, eighty-eight; in 1850, one hundred and twenty-six; in 1855, one hundred and seventy-four; in 1860, four hundred; in 1865, three hundred and fortyfive; in 1870, three hundred and thirty-three; in 1875, three hundred and fifty; in 1878, three hundred and thirty-six.

The whole number received by baptism from 1830 to 1878, is one thousand and thirty nine; Received by letter, four hundred and eighty-one; Total additions, one thousand five hundred and twenty. Total number dismissed by letter, dropped, excluded and died, one thousand two hundred and six.

The North Baptist Church

The first preliminarv meeting was held April 17, 1860; Brethren W. W. Watson and Noah Divelbiss acting, respectively as Moderator and Clerk. After several meetings; and most thorough and earnest discussion, the organization was affected May 29. Articles of faith and covenant were adopted, and the following ofiicers elected: Deacons, W. W. Watson and J. O. Rames; Clerk, Noah Divelbiss; Treasurer; Henry Converse. There was also appointed a committee on pastorate, consisting of Brethren Watson, Foley and Divelbiss. The labors of this committee resulted in extending a unanimous and hearty call to Rev. Ichabod Clark, of Rockford, who accej^ted, and commenced his pastorate in July, 1860.

The new church was publicly recognized August 16, 1860, the First Church of Springfield and the churches of Jacksonville and Berlin joining in the recognition services. The sermon was by Rev. R. R. Coon, hand of fellowship by Rev. G. S. Goodnoo; prayer of recognition by Rev. F. W. Ingmii'e. For nearly two years services were held in the court house, on the site of the present First National Bank. A house of worship was then built on north Sixth street and dedicated August 31, 1862.

Dr. Ichabod Clark was the first pastor, and was succeeded, in order, by Revs. A. C. Hubbard, William Haigh, N. G. Collins, H. M. Carr, D. F. Carnahan, Perry Bennett, and C. W. Clark, the last serving when the union of the First and North Churches was effected. The membership in 1860 was eighty; in 1865, one hundred and seventeen; in 1870, one hundred and fifty-three; in 1875, one hundred and sixty-nine; in 1879, two hundred and nineteen. The whole number received by baptism was one hundred and eighty-two; by letter, one hundred and sixtynine. Total, three hundred and fifty-one.

The Consolidation

The first effort towards a union of the two churches was made by the First Church, in a series of resolutions adopted July 15, 1873, and presented to the North Church, July 25. The resolutions were received and referred to a committee, which after careful consideration, made an able report, in which they gave their reasons for deciding that the time had not yet come for such a movement. The correspondence between the churches was courteous and fraternal, and the First Church cheerfully acquiesced in the decision reached. April 30, 1879, in a full meeting of the First Church, the question of union was again advanced for consideration. Resolutions were presented and unanimously adopted, embodying this basis of consolidation, in briet: A new organization was proposed; both churches disbanding and dropping their distinctive names; the officers of both churches to resign, and a new election to be held by the united body; the property of both churches to be deeded to the new organization.

The resolutions were presented to the North Church May 7, 1879. They were very cordially received and referred to a select committee of nine, who were authorized to meet for consultation with a similar committee from the First

These committees reported to their respective churches, heartily endorsing and recommending the proposed union. The report was adopted in the First Church by unanimous vote; in the North Church by a vote of forty-three to nine - majority of more than four-tifths.

The meeting for consolidation and organization was held in the North Church June 13, 1879, Deacon L. R. Brown, (chairman of the joint committee) was Modertor, and Isaac E. Roll, Clerk. The new body was named "The Central Baptist Church of Springfield." Articles of Faith and Covenant were adopted, and the following officers were elected: Trustees, A. L. Converse, A. M. Gregory, J. O. Rames, L. Smith, S. S. Elder, David E. Roll; Deacons, L. R. Brown, Nelson Neher, D. W. Witmer, George Gough; Clerk, Isaac E. Roll; Treasurer, R. M. Huckey.

The first public services of the new church were held June 15, 18*70. During the summer the pulpit was supplied by various ministers, and Rev. F. D. Rickerson was cal'ed to the pastorate and entered upon his duties November 11, 1879.

German Baptist

In 1849, this church was organized by members withdrawing from the First Church. They have a small, unpretentious house of worship, on Capital Avenue, between Fifth and Sixth streets, and meet for worship every Sabbath. Rev. William Papenhausen is the pastor.

Colored Ijaptists

There are two churches of Colored Baptists in the city, one situated on the corner of Twelfth and Mason streets, and known as the " Union," Rev. Mr. Robertson, pastor; the other on the corner of Ninth and Carpenter streets. Rev. George Brent, pastor.

Christian Church

Previous to the year 1832 there was no Christian Church in Springfield. In the fall of that year. Rev. Joseph Hewitt, a widely-known and popular Evangelist of the Christian denomination, came to Springfield and opened a protracted meeting and revival. He was a very persistent and eloquent divine and soon made a large number of converts among the citizens of this place, and in 1833 they were organized into the Christian Church of Springfield. The first church edifice erected by them was built on Madison street opposite the City High School, and is now occupied and used by the Portuguese Church. After worshiping in that place for a few years the church bought a lot on the corner of Sixth and Jefferson streets and erected another house of worship upon it. This building the congregation have occupied ever since until the past year, when they purchased a lot on Fifth street opposite the Governor's Mansion, and upon it are erecting a new and tasty structure for the future use of the church. It is an elegant edifice and thoroughly modern in all its appointments, being octagonal in form, it presents a fine audience room which is to be seated with chairs in lieu of the old-fashioned benches. It is expected to be completed by Christmas and will cost about eighteen thousand dollars. The present pastor is Rev. J. B. Allen, to whose untiring efforts the congregation is indebted for the new house of worship. The present membership numbers about three hundred. The music is on the congregational order, led by an organ. The Sunday school connected with this church has an average attendance of about one hundred and fifty scholars and is under the guidance of S. II. Twyman, the Superintendent.

Church Of The Immaculate Conception

The first Catholic services held in Springfield are unknown, though it was at a very early day, ante-dating the old settlers' time mark, the deep snow, by several years. It was made a station some time between 1830 and 1840, and remained such until 1844, when Rev. George A. Hamilton organized a congregation, and built a church on East Adams street. To this church was given the name of St. John the Baptist.

In 1856, Rev. H. Quigley, D. D., organized the Church of the Immaculate Conception, and in the years 1857-8, a house of worship was erected on the corner of Monroe and Seventh streets. This is one of the largest church edifices in the city, and the congregation that now worships there numbers five hundred families.

In 1869, Rev. Patrick Brady was appointed to the charge, and at once assumed the pastorate. Under his ministration, the church has prospered until it has a larger membership than any other in the city.

Becoming too large for the pastoral care of one man. Rev. Patrick Bourke was assigned to the position of Assistant Pastor in 1873, and the two reverend gentlemen have labored harmoniously together ever since.

The German Catholic congregation of Springfield, Illinois, was established in the year 1858, by Rev. J. Janssen, afterwards secretary of Rt. Rev. Bishop H.D. Junkers, of Alton. The first church was a frame building on Adams, between Ninth and Tenth streets. In 1861, a mission given by Rev. F. A. Weninger, S. J., raised a universal desire among the members of the congregation to build a more spacious edifice, and immediately exertions were made to raise funds for this purpose. At about the same time a parochial school was opened with about fifty pupils enrolled.

In 1863, Rev, William Burch successor to Rev. J. Janssen, bought of the Ursuline Sisters, on the corner of Sixth and Reynolds streets, the ground for a new church edifice, for which the cornerstone was laid September 27, 1865. In the autumn of that year the church was completed so far that the first service could be held on the 30th of September.

The zealous pastor, after four years of hard labor and great sufferings, died of consumption July 13, 1867, which death was a great loss to the young congregation. He was succeeded by Rev. G. Luecken, who commenced his labors September 8, 1867, and who completed and ornamented the church building.

In 1872, the adjacent lot with dwelling house was purchased for $2,500, which was destined to be the Sisters' dwelling place. At this time the school was attended by about one hundred and sixty pupils.

In 1869, a new bell was purchased, weighing one theusand and eighty-eight pounds, F sharp, and was placed in the steeple, at a cost of $455.

After Rev. Father Luecken left the diocese of Alton, Rev. F. G. Leve, the present pastor, by order of the Bishop of Alton, took charge of the congregation in 1875. Tfnder his manage-, ment the heavy debt, amounting to about $11,- 000, has been reduced to a nominal sum, and would have been entirely wiped out had it not been necessary to make some needed repairs and improvements in both church and school buildings. He has purchased two new altars at a cost of $800; two chandaliers for $200; and different fine vestments, at a cost of $1,000.

Father Weinninger, who held the fiist mission with this church, held another in the spring of 1881, just before Easter, in which he infused new life into the congregation, and filled them with zeal for future work. By the advice of the missionary, it was determined by the congregation to purchase the quarter of a block adjoining the old property, and to build a school house, and erect a steeple on the building, and make other needed improvements. ST. Joseph's church,

In 1875, Rev. M. Kane was commissioned by the Rt. Rev. P. J. Baltis, D. D., Bishop of Alton, to come to this city and form a new congregation, to include all the Catholics north of Carpenter street and those of the surrounding country.

By unwearied exertions and fine business capacity, Rev. Mr. Kane succeeded in building St. Joseph's Church and school house, both of brick. The church is about one hundred by forty feet, stone finished facade, with a steeple, one hundred and fifty feet from the ground to the cross. The interior is beautifully frescoed; it is lighted by gas; has thiee very fine altars, Gothic windows, a very good bell, two vestry rooms, a large basement, and is heated by hot air. The school-house is two stories high, and contains four large well ventilated class rooms. The whole situated in the midst of a grove, some two acres in extent, making it one of the prettiest and most attractive spots in the city or its surroundings. The congregation, numbering some three hundred families, is largely composed of farmers and men employed at tJae rolling mill and coal mines.

English Lutheran

The first English Lutheran Church of Springfield, Illinois, was organized in September, 1841, by Rev. Francis Springer. The number of persons entering the original organization was eight, including the pastor and his wife. The names of the others were James Zwisler, Thomas Lorshbaugh, John B. Weber and his wife, Frederick Myers and John Hammer. Messrs. Weber, Zwisler, Lorshbaugh and Myers were the first elders and deacons.

A church edifice was erected by the congregation on the corner of Sixth and Madison streets, in 1856, during Rev. Francis Springer's second pastoral charge of the church. It is a neat frame edifice and cost about $8,000. It will seat about four hundred persons.

The congregation was organized under the pastoral charge of the pastors of the English Lutheran Church of this city. Rev. F. Springer and Rev. S. W. Harkey, members of the Lutheran General Synod, in 1851. In was re-organized in 1855 under the pastoral charge of a German minister of the Lutheran Church - Rev. F. W. Eggerking - with fifty members. In 1860, a new church building was erected, and consecrated November 11 of that year, under the name of German Lutheran Trinity Church; Rev. Th. Huschmann, pastor. The congregation has been in connection with the German Lutheran Synod of Missouri, Ohio, and other States, since 1863, under the pastoral charge of the following named members of that Synod: Rev. W. Bartling, 1863 to 1870; Rev. H. Burckhardt, 1870 to 1874; Rev. Th. Benson, 1874 to 1876; Rev. F. Lochner, pastor, and Rev. A. Craemer, Professor of the German Lutheran Theological Concordia College, assistant of the Rev. Lochner, since February, 1876. Members, ninety-five.

During the administration of the Rev. H. Burckhardt, a number of the members separated themselves from the Trinity Church in consequence of the resolution of the congregation, that no member of any seci'et society can be a member of the congregation as a part of the true Lutheran Church. Those separated members organized themselves as St. John's Lutheran Congregation, in connection with the Lutheran General Synod.

According to the principles of the Lutheran Church, the congregation established in 1855, by their own means, a German-English Parochial School. A new brick building, of two stories, was erected last year, and opened for teaching in September, 1880. One hundred or more children will attend the school. Principal, Mr. Benjamin Gotsch; Assistant, Miss Johanna Gotsch.

church on the corner of Third and Washington streets, at a cost of |8,000. The church edifice is eighty by forty feet, and built of brick. The present membership of the congregation is sixty. The names of the pastors since organization are as follows: Revs. Kassmann, Prachs, Stark, Bond, Richter, Heinegar, and L. W. Graepp.

First Portuguese Presbyterian

Tike congregation was organized in Madeira in 1844, and its members emigrated in a body, as stated elsewhere in this work, arriving here in the fall of 1849. Services have been held continuously since that time. The present church building is a brick structure, situated on Madison street, between Fourth and Fifth. Rev. Mr. McGee was the last pastor the church had. The membership of the church is about one hundred.

Second Portuguese Presbyterian

This society was organized about 1857. Its present house of worship,'an unpretentious brick structure, situated at the corner of Eighth and Miller streets, was erected in 1861. Rev. E. N. Piers is pastor of the congregation, and also has charge of a congregation at Jacksonville, and therefore only spends half his time here. Services, however, are held every Sunday, conducted by the elders. The membership is about one hundred and twenty.

German Methodist

The German Methodist of the city have a church edifice on the corner of Seventh and Mason streets, and meet for worship every Sabbath. J. P. Miller is the present pastor.

Colored Methodists

There is a society of colored Methodists which meets on the east side of Fourth street, near Reynolds, with Rev. J. Dawson as the present pastor.

Plymouth Brethren

The Plymouth Brethren meet for worship Thursday evening at 509 Monroe street, up stairs. E. R. Ulrich is the leader. They have> no regular pastor at present.

This church was organized about 1837 by Rev. Samuel Chase. They own a fine church edifice on the corner of Third and Adams street, together with a residence for the pastor adjoining on the east. Rev. E. A. Larrabee is the present rector. The church controls two missions in the suburbs of the city.

Congregational Church

On the evening of December 11, 186G, a meeting was held of those favorable to the organization of a Congregational Church in Springfield, in the office of JJr. Charles S. Shelton. Those present were unanimously of the opinion the time had come to organize. Two meetings were then held December iTth and 18th, at which Rev. J. E. Roy was present and encouraged the enterprise. Among those favoring the establishment of the church and who were active in the work were Dr. Shelton, J. D. B. Salter, Lucius Kingsbury, Herbert Post, Dr. Samuel Willard, R. M. Tunnell, Frank W. Tracy, H. S. Dickerman, C. D. Harvey, C. R. Post, J. M. Morse, J. W. Lane, J. B. Fosselman, Franklin Barrows, Simon Barrows, C. F. Lawrence, C. V. Hoagland, N. C, Withington, H. C, Walker, L. W. Coe, Mrs. Julia E. Post, Mrs. H. M. Shelton, Mrs. J. J. Fosselman and Rev. E. Jemey.

Committees were appointed to procure pledges of money tor the support of the proposed church, to secure a minister, to obtain a suitable room for worship, and to prepare a formula for the organization of the church. Rev. F. T. Waterman, of Monroe, Connecticut, accepted an invitation to act as temporary minister to the society. The first meeting for worship was held in Br3"ant, Stratton & Bell's Commercial College Hall. The Constitution, Articles of Faith, Covenant and Rules of the new church, as reported by the committee of revision, were adopted at a meeting held January 28, 1867. Two weeks previous to this, C. S. Shelton, Lucius Kingsbury and Frank W. Tracy were appointed a committee to address letters missive to certain churches for the purpose of forming a council, to assist in completing the organization of the church.

The Council convened February 6, and was attended by a number of ministers from other places, and advised the completion of the organization.

The new church had seventy-five members at the start, fifty-five coming from the Second Presbytei'ian Church. The first officers elected were: Deacons, C. S. Shelton, Lucius Kingsburv and C. R. Post; Standing Committee, William M. Baker, L. W. Coe, C. H. Flower, C. F. Lawrence and H. S. Dickerman; Trustees, J. D. B. Salter, J. B. Fosselman, H. C. Walker, F. W. Tracy and S. C. Willard; Clerk and Treasurer, R. M. Tunnell; Superintendent of Sunday School, Herbert Post; Secretary, Alex. Bunker.

the pulpit until October, 1867, when Rev. John Knox McLean was called and entered upon the duties of the pastorate, December 4, 1867. On Thursday evening, December 10, 1868, the house of worship, erected and furnished at a cost of 124,000, was dedicated to the services of Almighty God. Rev. Mr. McLean served about five years, when Rev. John H. Barrows was called to the work. Mr. Barrows has been succeeded in turn by Revs. H. D. Moore, H. B. Dean, R. Nourse and R. O. Post, the latter now serving the church. The present church membership is one hundred and sixty-five, and that of the Sunday School, two hundred.

Hebrew Temple

An organization of Israelites was effected in this city in 1865, for the purpose of public worship according to the law given to Moses. Rev. B. Deutch was the first to minister to the congregation, and served the membership for nine years. He was succeeded by Rev. L. S. Ensel, who, in turn, was succeeded by Rev. D. Burgheim. In 1875, the congregation erected a handsome Temple on North Fifth street, near the Arsenal, at a cost of over $7,000. Before the completion of the Temple the congregation met for worship in Hart's Hall, on South Fifth street. Services are held each Friday evening, and often on Saturday morning, and are held in the Hebrew, English and German languages. The following are the names of the officers in 1881: S. Benjamin, President; L. Rosenwald, Vice President ; B. A. Lange, Treasurer ; L. A. Hammerslough, Secretary. Each of the foregoing are also Trustees, in addition to D. Seligman, D. Phillips and Z. Levy.