Vinegar Hill Township

History Of Jo Davie8S County

and juicy, partaking of the Heart, being almost as sweet, while the tree inclines strongly to the Morello type. There is nothing like the Lieb cherry in this country or in Europe, and it is either a hybrid or a new creation.

Mr. Jacob Zins came from Germany in the employ of Mr. Soulard, but about 1845 started a nursery and vineyard on his own account, in East Galena, having about six acres in each department.

Mr. Herman Gronner, florist, of Galena, connected a nursery with his green-house about 1870, and makes a specialty of the " Lieb Cherry " and the Weeping Elm.

Mr. C. V^andervate, who had been employed for some years by Mr. Scott, as a florist, started a small nursery in 1874. Dr. W. S. Caldwell and - Benworth commenced a nursery in Woodbine a few years ago, but it is being closed out now. Another one at Warren, commenced in 1868, by Allen & Cole, is also being closed out. Some others have started, but run only a short time.

Although there were many interested in horticulture in this county, there was no organization, or none is known, until 1868. Mr. Soulard had done more than any other man to develop the horticultural interest in the county, and next to him, perhaps, ranks Mr. Scott, but there were many others who were interested in it and its kindred interests. Amoag them were Dr. Horatio Newhall and his wife, Dr. Edward D. Kittoe, Mrs. Sarah C. Harris, Captain E. H. Beebe and others.

On Saturday, February 29, 1868, a meeting of the friends of horticulture was held in the sheriff's room at the court house in Galena, to organize the Jo Daviess Horticultural Society. ' There were present J. G. Soulard, Dr. Newhall, Dr. Kittoe, D. W. Scott, R. S. Norris, J. W. Robson, Timothy Hallett, John Harney, E. H. Beebe, F. Chetlain, J. M. Harris, Jacob Zins, H. Gronner, A. L. Cumings and others. Mr. James G. Soulard was elected chairman, and D. W. Scott secretary of the meeting.

On motion, a committee to select officers for permanent organization was appointed by the chair, who reported as follows: For President, James G. Soulard; Yice Presidents, E. D. Kittoe, E. H. Beebe, J. W. Robson, Harvey Mann, A. Mougin, T. Hallett; Corresponding Secretary, Horatio Newhall; Recording Secretary, D. Wilmot Scott; Treasurer, F. Chetlain.

On motion, A. L. Cumings, J. G. Soulard and D. Wilmot Scott were appointed a committee to draft a constitution and by-laws, and report at next meeting.

The membership fee was fixed at one dollar, and it was voted that no fruit should be added to the list for cultivation without a two-thirds vote of the members present.

The early records of the society .are not accessible, and the historians are, therefore, unable to give the history of this society and its valuable labors as fully as they would like. Its meetings have been held monthly, and many valuable papers have been read.

James G. Soulard was succeeded as president by A. L. Cumings, Esq., probably in 1869 or 1870. In 1871 J. W. Robson was secretary, but in November of that year he resigned, as he was about to remove to Kansas, and Robert Brand, Esq., was elected secretary. It is supposed that all the records kept by Mr. Scott, and by Robson to that date, were carried away by the latter when he went to Kansas. The society may be willing to suffer the loss of its records, but it creates a chasm in its history that can not be succeeded him. The present officers are understood to be Timothy Hallett, President; Robert Brand, Secretary. The last election is not recorded, and there are probably some other officers whose names should appear. In closing this article, it is proper to suggest that if the reader will undertake to search among any old records for information, he will appreciate the importance of a good clerk or secretary for any organization. Records constitute history, and if they are imperfect, the continuous chain is broken.

The Press

The Miners' Journal was the first newspaper published in Jo Daviess County, and, indeed, the first in the northwest. The first number was issued July 8, 1828, by James Jones, who was here in 1827. In his prospectus Mr. Jones proposed to call the newspaper the Northern Herald, but changed the name on the suggestion of Dr. H. Newhall, who is said to have assisted him in the editorial department. The Miners' Journal was a small five-column paper, neutral in politics, and was furnished to subscribers for $3.50 a year, in advance, payable in smelter's acceptances, lead or cash. It was issued (not always regularly, for paper was not always obtainable) probably until the death of Mr. Jones by cholera, in 1833. Jones struggled hard to make an honest living, but the support he received was but meagre and inadequate. He was an honest man, of excellent character, but peculiar in his religious ideas. Mr. Jones labored hard to prepare a book of legal forms, and was assisted in the preparation of the forms by Judge Young. He expected to obtain an appropriation from the Legislature to help him out and enable him to place his book in the hands of lawyers and justices, but the judge did not recommend the work to the Legislature. Jones was deprived of the expected aid, and could not obtain paper to make the book as large as he desired. Most of the forms printed by Jones are still in use in this state. Mr. Abel Proctor, now residing in "Wright County, Iowa, was a printer, and helped " set up " and u work off " the concluding pages of " Jones' Form Book," in 1829.

The Galena Advertiser, same size and price of the Miner's Journal, was started July 20, 1829, by Dr. Horatio iNewhall, Dr. Addison Philleo and Hooper Warren, under the firm name of .Newhall, Philleo & Co. Warren was the printer of the concern (from Rutland, Vermont), and for two or three months was assisted by Abel Proctor. How long the Advertiser was continued can not be determined. A file of the paper in the possession of Dr. E. G. Newhall ends with May 24, 1830. Dr. Newhall and Warren were Whigs. Dr. Philleo was a Democrat, and it is possible that the combination was unable to harmonize. Warren afterwards went to Chicago.

The Galenian was established May 2, 1832, by Dr. Addison Philleo. In the first number the editor said: " No principles other than republican (Democratic) will ever receive our support. To enter into a discussion of the political concerns of the nation at this period, further than pertains to our local interest, we deem altogether out of place." The Galenian was published until September, 1836 certainly, as a Democratic paper, but subsequently Dr. Philleo associated with himself Mr. Geo. N. Palmer, and the name of the paper was changed, probaby in 1836 or '7, to the Galena Democrat, which was running in 1838. The only file of the Galenian known to be in existence is owned by Dr. E. G. Newhall, and this embraces only a part of the first volume.

The Northwestern Gazette and Galena Advertiser was commenced November 29, 1834, with Loring & Bartlett, editors and publishers. The Galenian was the only paper in the county then. It was pretty strongly Democratic - party lines were strictly drawn, and the Whigs were determined to have an organ. Twelve prominent gentlemen subscribed $100 each, sent to St. Louis for material, and Sylvester M. Bartlett and Charles E. Loring came from that city to run it, with the understanding that the money raised by the citizens was in the nature of a bonus. They were to run the paper, and have all they could make, but could call on the subscribers to the fund for no more. Loring soon became disgusted and returned to St. Louis. Benjamin Mills, an able and brilliant lawyer, became editor December 20, 1834-, and remained until May 23, 1835, when he retired, having disappointed himself and his friends as an editorial writer, leaving Mr. Bartlett alone. Mr. Horace H. Houghton, a son of the Green Mountain State, came here in April, 1835, and engaged in mining at New Diggings during the Summer, but returned in the Pall to Galena, and was employed by Bartlett for a year. Soon after, he purchased one half of the paper, B.'irtlett, in the meantime, had been challenged by John Turney to mortal combat. Bartlett accepted, but the affair was compromised. Perhaps they found that Bartlett wouldn't scare. But one shot was fired, and that accidentally. Bartlett was afterward elected to the legislature. In the Spring of 1838, Houghton purchased Bartlett's interest for $1,500, and became sole owner, as he thought, but now came forward the men who had furnished the money in 1834, and demanded of Mr. Houghton the money they had put in, with interest, and he paid it, thus buying the office twice. Bartlett went to New Orleans, but subsequently returned to Quincy, Illinois, and started the Quincy Whig. In March, 1838, immediately after he became sole proprietor, Mr. Houghton started the Tri- Weekly Gazette. In 1843, Mr. Houghton sold tfie Gazette oflice to W. C. E. Thomas, receiving a mortgage on it for a part of the purchase money, but in 1845, he was back in it again as editor, and in 1847 was again sole owner. During a part of the time that Mr. Thomas published the paper Mr. I. B. Gara was associated with him.

* January 1, 1848, the first number of the Galena Daily Advertiser was issued by Mr. Houghton, and he remained the leading' Whig editor of the Northwest (becoming Republican when that party was organized) until he retired in 1863.

In 1857, W. W. Huntington, Esq. (for twelve years postmaster at Galena), who had learned the printer's trade in Mr. Houghton's office in Middlebury, Yermont, purchased of Houghton & Foster the job printing office and book-bindery connected with the Gazette.

In 1 858 Mr. D. W. Scott purchased one^third of the paper, and the next year Mr. Nesbitt Baugher became connected with it with one third interest, Mr. Houghton retaining the editorial control of its columns. At the commencement of the war, in 1861, Mr. Baugher entered the service of the United States, and fell mortally wounded at the battle of Pittsburg Landing, having been shot seven times. His remains were taken to Gettysburg and interred in the cemetery there, a short time before the battle of Gettys- burg. Mr. Baugher was the son of President Baugher, of Gettysburg College, and was a very highly educated and talented young man. In 1863, the office and paper were sold to James B. Brown, Esq., and George K. Shaw. The latter remained only a short time, when he retired ; Mr. Brown became sole proprietor and editor, changed the name to the Galena Gazette (daily and weekly) and has managed it very successfully ever since. The " Old Gazette" through all its mutations, has been continuously published on its regular days, without missing a single issue, from the time it started, in 1834, to the present time.

Mr. Houghton, so long and so completely identified with the Gazette, it is but just to say in this connection, claims to be the first to conceive the idea of printing the first sides of newspapers at some central point, and sending the sheets so partly printed to be published in other places, and in that way published the Vermont Statesman, the Rutland Herald, the Voice of the People, at Springfield, the American, at Middlebury, and the Gazette at Vergennes - all in his native state, Vermont. In 1834, he took a power press to New York, the first ever seen in that city so arranged as to throw off the sheets after they were printed, by means of fingers, now universally used. " By that device," says Mr. Houghton, " the Adams power press became a complete book press, and the Hoe machine and other cylinder presses greatly improved." In New York he became discouraged. Others took advantage of his invention, and he came West, to exercise a powerful influence in moulding the destiny and making the history of this new country. Without money, except a dollar borrowed from a friend, he traveled to Philadelphia, thence to Marietta, Ohio, by way of Baltimore and Harper's Ferry, several hundred miles, on foot, with his pack on his back. At Marietta he had money enough to pay his passage to Cincinnati, where he worked at the trade until Spring, when he went to St. Louis, Missouri, thence to Galena. Such was the man who, by his patience, perseverance and unflagging industry, successfully conducted the Galena Gazette for nearly thirty years.

Mr. Brown,' who has conducted the Gazette with signal skill and ability for the last fifteen years, is a native of New Hampshire, and is a splendid specimen of a Westernized New Englander. Born in New Hampshire, and educated at Gilmanton, he came West and settled in Dunleith in 1857, but removed to Galena when he became proprietor of the Gazette. Under Mr. Brown's management the Gazette was greatly improved. He appreciated the importance of making the paper a full and complete record of passing events at home, as well as abroad, a department of journalism that editors, outside of the great news centres, too often overlook. Had the conductors of the first newspapers in the county realized the importance of recording local events, the historian would have had a full and invaluable source of information relating to the early history, now entirely beyond reach. The Gazette, under Mr. Brown's admirable management, has become one of the best and most valuable local papers in the state, and in this respect, at least, it has no superior in the country. Fifty years hence the future historian will find in the files of the Gazette since 1863 ample materials for a complete history of Jo Daviess County, from that time to the present.

The Galena Journal was started in 1838, by a sort of stock company, who it is understood purchased or inherited the Democrat. W. C. Taylor and John Stark were the editors. In 1840, the parties interested found thernelves considerably in debt, and suspended publication.

The Galena Star twinkled a short time in 1840 or 1841, under the management of Beriah Brown, printed on the old Journal type, but it soon went out. The material passed into the hands of Major John Dement, and was purchased by Mr. Hough ton, who moved it to Dubuque and published a paper there called the Transcript for a short time, after he sold the Gazette to Mr. Thomas.

The Galena Sentinel. - In 1840, two men, named McGrew, brought an outfit for a printing office from St. Louis, and established the Galena Sentinel as a Democratic paper. After running a short timo, the McGrews are

The Galena Jeffersonian, weekly and semi- weekly, was established in September, 1845, by Horace A. and Henry "W. Tenney, from Elyria, Ohio. Jt was Democratic in politics; was very ably conducted and liberally supported, but the proprietors and nearly all the workmen were attacked with fever and ague, and they sold to Charles Sweeney, who became editor and proprietor January 1, 1847. The Jeffersonian, under the management of the Tenneys, achieved the reputation of being the best and ablest paper in Illinois. In 1852 it passed into the hands of Randall, Sanford & Co. Randall remained but a few months and sold his interest to Dr. Charles H. Ray, and it was published a while by Ray & Sanford, but in December, 1853, D. "W. Scott having previously purchased Sanford's interest, it was published by Ray & Scott until December, 1854, when Mr. Scott became sole proprietor. Dr. Ray afterwards went to Chicago; became interested in the Chicago Tribune, and subsequently started the Chicago Post. After running the Jeffersonian a few months, Mr. Scott sold two thirds of the office to L. F. Leal and Charles Crouch, and the Jeffersonian disappeared. The Courier, which took the place of the Jeffersonian, was commenced in November, 1855, by Leal. Crouch & Co., Mr. D. W. Scott being the -'Co." Soon after, Mr. Scott retired, and in 1860 Mr. Crouch also retired. In May, 1861, Mr. Leal sold the Courier establishment to E. R. Paul, of the Dnnleith Advertiser, who discontinued the daily and continued the

The Galena Democrat. - The purchasers of the Courier establishment organized a stock company, and the shares were taken by leading Democrats who were anxious that an organ of their party should be maintained here, and were ready to contribute money to accomplish the purpose. This company revived the paper about December 1, 1862, under the name of the Galena Democrat, with L. S. Everett as editor. But the company soon after found itself considerably in debt, and made an arrangement with H. H. Savage by which they relinquished to him the entire establishment, on condition that he should pay the debts standing against it. Everett retired and Savage run the paper until it was closed out, about 1868, by a sale under chattel mortgage given by Savage to secure the debts which he assumed.

The Commercial Advertiser, Galena. Monthly; devoted mainly to horticulture. Established in 1863, by D. W. Scott. Mr. Scott came to Galena in 1853 and opened a printers' furnishing warehouse in connection with the Jeffersonian. He sold to Gov. Gorman, in that year, the material for the first Democratic printing office in St. Paul, Minnesota, and the next year fitted out the first printing office established in La Crosse, Wisconsin, by Lord, Rodolph & Ladue. He became connected with the press of Galena in 1853. He had sold his interest in the Gazette in 1863 on account of ill health, but recovering, he established, late in the same year, a small job printing office, for which he had a portion of the material, and started the Commercial Advertiser., originally designed for a mercantile and business paper, but being engaged in tree growing and horticulture, the paper gradually became devoted to his favorite topics. The little job office of 1863, by his energy and capacity, rapidly expanded to mammoth proportions. In 1872 he admitted as a partner Alonzo L. Cumings, Esq., a gentleman of sterling worth and a lawyer of ability (now editor of the Industrial Press], and their large and increasing business since that time has been conducted by D. "W. Scott & Co., who have now the largest and best appointed job printing office in Northern Illinois (Chicago excepted), having a book-bindery and stereotype foundry connected with it. Scott & Co. have made a specialty of printing for nurserymen. Mr. Scott is himself one of the leading nurserymen of the state, and the firm have been enabled to build up an immense business, filling orders for printing from all the Western states and territories. This is the only steam printing establishment in Jo Daviess County, and the enterprising proprietors thoroughly understand their business.

The Galena Sun, weekly, rose in 1868, edited and published by S. W. Russell. It was printed on the old Democrat press and type obtained for the purpose, with the option of purchase if the paper succeeded, but its support did not meet the expectations of its projector, and after a brief existence it ceased to shine in 1869.

The Spirit of the Press, Galena, weekly, was established on October 9, 1871, by H. H. Houghton, Esq., and was printed by D. W. Scott & Co. After publishing it a little more than two years Mr. Houghton sold his subscription list to J. B. Brown, Esq., and the paper was, in January, 1874, merged in the Galena Gazette.

The Industrial Press, Galena, weekly : " Independent in every thing, neutral in nothing," was established February 6, 1874, by A. L. Cumings and James W. Scott, firm name Cumings & Scott, and was printed by ID. W. Scott & Co. At the end of the first year James W. Scott (now proprietor of the Hotel Reporter, Chicago), retired, and his father, D. W. Scott, purchased his interest, but no change was made in the firm name. The Industrial Press is a large, handsomely printed and ably edited paper of eight pages, sixf columns to the page, and has a large circulation in Jo Daviess and adjoining counties.

The Galena Correspondent (German) was issued from the office of the Galena Jejfersonian, about 1851, and was continued for about a year and a half. Then a number of leading Germans contributed for the purchase of materials, and the Correspondent was continued under the management of - Stybold until about 1854 or '5, when he abandoned it and suddenly left town. Stybold was succeeded by Messrs. Wuertenburg & Beckert, who continued the publication of the paper until about 1862, when they sold to";Mr. Pingel, who changed the name to the Galena Deutsche Zeitung, and continued it until the Spring of 1868, when he sold the office to Yon Kettler.

Histoby Of Jo Davie8S County

Yolksfreundi and continued it until November, 1872, when he sold it to J. Voss and M. Witt, by whom it is now published. Two years ago the paper was enlarged, and is now a large, well-printed and well-edited eightcolumn folio sheet, and has a large circulation in this and the other northern counties in Illinois. Mr. Voss, the editor, is a highly educated gentleman who instructs a class in the German language in the Galena High School in addition to his editorial duties. The Volksfreund is the only German newspaper in Jo Daviess County.

Warren Republican was started at Warren in 1855, by Charles Blaisdell, but was discontinued after running about a year. On the 23d day of September, 1857, a newspaper called the Warren Independent was started by Freeman A. Tisdell, Sr., and Thomas E. Champion - Geo. E. Randall, editor. After several changes Herst C. Gann, Esq., became editor and proprietor. In July, 1866, the name was changed to Warren Sentinel.

Official Record

The following list, prepared by W. F. Crummer, County Clerk, shows a partial record of county officers from 1836 to 1840, and a complete official record from 1840 to the present - February, 1878:

Galena Roll Of Honor

In closing this History of Jo Daviess County, the historians offer, as a tribute of respect to the intelligence of the people among whom they labored for so many weeks, and whose acquaintance and hospitality they so pleasantly enjoyed, the following as a Roll of Honor that has been made up from among them:

First on the Roll is the name of U. S. Grant, the successful leader of the Union Army, and for eight years - from March 4, 1868, to March 4, 1876, President of the United States.

John A. Rawlins, Brigadier General, chief on Grant's staff, and afterwards Secretary of War. Reared a farmer's boy, educated in a log cabin, and, by his inherent talent and indomitable energy,- a leading lawyer.

A. L. Chetlain, Brigadier General, U.S. Consul to Brussels. Gratiot Washfmrne, Secretary U. S. Legation to France. Stephen Hempstead, Governor of Iowa.

Dr. A. T. Crow, who at the age of sixty, raised a company of volunteers in Galena for the Mexican war, who was selected by General Taylor at the terrible battle of Buena Vista to defend the most dangerous position, supposed to be killed on that battle ground. He was a veteran soldier in 1812.

A Tabular Statement

The mines of Vinegar Hill Township were known and worked at a very early period of this country's settlement. Dubuque worked at the Cave Diggings as early as 1805 ; John Furlong worked there in 1823, more complete accounts of which appear in the General History.

Moses Meeker made the first claims in the township with agricultural pursuits in view. He broke fifteen acres of land on the Mineral Point road, near the south line of the township, in 1827, and planted it to corn, although he continued to live in Galena.

In 1830, Harvey Mann broke twenty-five acres of land on the same road, five miles north of Galena, and also planted corn. Permanent settlers soon made claims to all the farming land, although the entire township is considered as mineral territory. As these claims were taken and improved before a survey had been made, they are in fractional parts of sections. All disputes regarding claims and boundaries were settled by arbitrators agreed upon. At the time of general land sales at Dixon, Harvey Mann was elected to "bid in" large tracts from the government, and then deed to the claimants according to the decisions of the arbitrators.

In 1836, Charles Olmstead and Seth Taylor, in this township, for the first time at the lead mines, scraped together the dirt which was taken out from around bodies of mineral, and which it was customary to throw away after picking out all the pieces of mineral visible, hauled it to a stream of water, made a sluice box, and washed the mineral dirt, thereby sav ing ore. This practice soon became customary, and is now done by all miners. The mining history of this township is referred to more specifically in a special chapter on the subject.

In 1845, Mr. Carrington located a store in the north hollow. Wm. Bennett opened another between the north and south hollows in 1853, and in 1857 Jonathan Bolton established a store near the mines in south hollow ; the two latter named stores are still doing business at this date (February, 1878).

In 1838, the first election in Vinegar Hill precinct was held at the house of Fielder Parish, located on the Mineral Point road. Since that time elections have been held in the Rock school-house, in district No. 2.

The derivation of the name Vinegar Hill was, probably, from a town of the same name near Wexford, Ireland, from which a number of miners emigrated to this vicinity. Michael Burns afterwards told Mr. Harvey Mann, that he himself, Jno. Furlong and Thos. Carroll, with others, while in a state of " spiritual hallucination " at Burns' saloon, christened an Indian mound near there, by pouring whisky over it and declaring that " henceforth and forever, this place shall be called Vinegar Hill."

At the time of township organization, a meeting was held at the house of John Cragen, for the purpose of choosing a name for the township, at which Mr. Mann proposed the name of " Meeker," Mr. Meeker having made the first permanent claim, but Colonel Cox proposed the name of "Mann," Mr. Mann being the oldest resident still living in the township, which name was adopted and so recorded. But the sons of the Emerald Isle were not satisfied, and the name was afterwards changed to " Vinegar Hill."

The first smelting furnace and grist mill were located at a settlement now known as Millbrig, a part of which is in Vinegar Hill, and a portion in Council Hill Township.

A number of Indian mounds, relics of ancient inhabitants, are still in existence in Vinegar Hill, of which the native Indians could give no account. There are two large, distinct mounds, about two rods in diameter at the base, and seven feet high, located on land belonging to John Welch, near the road leading from the turnpike to the Council Hill road, from which human bones have been extracted. These are supposed by some to be burial vaults erected in honor of eminent personages.

Schools. - In 1842, G. C. Shattuck taught a school in his own house. This is believed to be the first one opened in the township. When the school districts were established, in 1849, Harvey Mann, Caleb M. Eggleston, and Fielder Parish, were elected directors of district number two. Here the second school was taught by J. Phillips. The first school-house was built in 1850, and is located on the turnpike near the north boundary of Mr. Mann's farm. There are now two other school districts, numbers four and five, each having schools.

Churches. - The Catholic church was the first to be built in the township ; the year of its erection was 1843. It is located at the head of the north hollow. Its first priest was Rev. Father James McCauley, who was followed, in succession, by Revs. Dunne, Smith, Powers, O'Connel and Father McMahan, the present pastor.

Methodist. - In 1844, the Methodist Episcopal church was built, in south hollow, near the cabin occupied by Jonathan Craig, before he sold his claim to Daniel Wann & Co., on section 27. The officiating ministers have been as follows:

Supervisor - John E. Furlong; Town Clerk - Richard Seward; Assessor - Clement Temple ; Collector - Jeremiah Butler; Commissioners of Highways - Clement Temple, Leonard Slatts, Tom. McGuire; Justices of Peace - Anthony McGuire and A. McMennis* Constables - Joseph Thompson and John Liddle.

FURLOXO JOHN E. Retired Farmer; Vinegar Hi'.l; born 16th of Nov., 1837; was married to Catherine C.Murray in 1864 ; have six children : Ann C., Lawrence, Wm. P., James E., Mary and Agnes E. ; the Tp. was named by his father, John Furlong, in 1827; married Ann Carroll Oct. 28, 1828; married by the Rev. Father Bading; William F., his brother, was the first child born in Vinegar Hill ; was born Aug. 30, 1829 ; Mr. F. is the present Supervisor, and owns 360 acres of land in Vinegar Hill.

HOCKIXG THOMAS, Miner; Sec. 21; P. O. Galena; born in Co. Cornwall, England, July 29, 1847; came to this country and to this Co. in 1849; has been engaged in mining for eighteen years; owns 1% acres of land valued at $300; married Sarah Walton, April 28, 1869; she was born in Durham Co., England, Feb. 15, 1849: they have four children: Sarah Jane, Thomas H., Alice and William, and one dead; Mr. and Mrs. Hocking are members of the M. E. Church.

HARVEY, Whose portrait appears in this work, was born in Aurelius, Cayuga Co., N. Y., Oct. 21., 1805. From tradition he is a descendant of one of four German brothers that emigrated to America on the " Mayflower." His grandfather came from the State of Vermont, when he was 84 years old, to Aurelius, Cayuga Co., N. Y., where he died and was buried. His father, Frederick Mann, died at the age ot 67, and was buried in Waterloo, Monroe Co., Ills. The subject of this sketch came to the State of Illinois in April, 1830, and lived one year on a farm two miles south of Port Deposit (now Chester). He also lived six years in Waterloo, Monroe Co., Ills., engaged mostly in farming. In June, 1827, he came to Fever River (now Galena River), and followed mining until the Fall of 1828, when he came to Galena, and contracted for gradine the streets and building a wharf by the " Big Spring," near where the iron bridge now is. In the Fall of 1829 he also took a contract to build a Government warehouse, for the storage of lead. In 1830 he commenced making a farm on Government land, in Vinegar Hill Tp. In 1835 he was engaged in smelting, and in 1836 built a saw mill on the " Sinsinawa River." He is now engaged in farming. Has served two terms as Co. Commissioner, one term as Chairman of Board of Supervisors, and two terms as a Magistrate in Vinegar Hill Tp. He married Catharine Sidner, Feb. 14, 1837, in what is now Menominee Tp., in this Co. She was born June 4th, 1824, in Pike Co., Missouri. They had thirteen children : Lydia Anna, born Aug. 24. 1840; Adeha Margaret, Dec. 26, 1842; Frederick, Jan. 28, 1845, died April 18.1845; James Harvey, March 26, 1846 ; William Henry, March 30, 1848; Susan Violet, April 2, 1850; Joseph, Aug. 22, 1852, died Nov. 20, 1872; Daniel, Nov. 28, 1854; Mary Lucy, Feb. 14, 1856; Alvina Jane, March 1. 1858; Thomas Ezekiel, May 5, 1860; Charles, April 10, 1862, and George Eugene, Aug. 17, 1864.

SCOTT JAMES W. Farmer; Sec. 32; P. O. Galena; born in Jo Daviess Co., 111., March 10, 1842; he has been engaged in farming over eighteen years; Republican, and a member of the M. E. Church.