Howard County, Indiana - The whole text, 1920 (part 10 of 11)

Williams. Heber D. (12), sou of Joshua (deceased) and Ruth Williams, was horn at Hiilsboro, Ohio. He graduated from the Kokomo High School and was a student at Indiana University, when he entered the army. When he was mu.stered out of the service at Camp Sherman, Ohio, .Tan, 2, 1919. he was attached to the Second Co., First Battalion, ISSth Depot Brigade, but he had been on duty with Co. H, Third Battalion, Edgewood Arsenal, Md. He was mustered out in the summer of 1919 and re-entered Indiana University in September the .same year.

AVillianis, Kayinund Acliey 1 10). son of AVilliiim V,. ami Mary AclifV W'iiliains. was horn in Kokomo. Intl., Nov. 5. IS'JO. After graduating from liigli scliool In l'.il4, lie attendefl Earlliam College two years and Indiana I'niversity one year. While a student at tlie latter institution be enlisted in tbe army April 17, 1917. eleven days after war was declared. lie was in training at Fort Benjamin Harrison, Camp SLelhy, Miss., and Camp Zachary Taylor. Ky. He was commissioned second lieutenant Oct. .^O. 1018, and assigned to tbe Twenty-tonrtb Overseas Battery at Camp Jackson, S. C, but owing to tbe signing of tbe armistice, sailing orders were cancelled. He was then placed in command of Bat. A, Fourteenth Regiment, and soon after he was given charge of two batteries, including 2.57 men, the headquarters and supply batteries having been consolidated. He was discharged in Win.

Willis, Burl James (2C), Sou of Cleve and Lucy Bog,gs Willis, was born in Kokomo, Ind., Jan. 2!). 1902. He enlisted in Kokomo, Ind., Jan. 12, 1918, shortly before reachiug his sixteenth birthday. On Sept. 4, 191S, he was graduated from the coiumissionary school for cooks, and was assigned to duty as messenger to paynnister at the I". S. Naval Training Station Commissary office, Newport, Rhode Island.

Willman, Frank Leslie, son of Mr. and Sirs. Ernest Willman. was sent from Kokomo to Camp Zacbary Taylor, Ky., April 24, 1918; later he was on duty at the base hospital. Fort Sheridan, 111.

Wills, Claude E,, son of L. .\. and Florence Wills, was born in Tipton Co., Ind. After enlisting in tbe Q. M. C. at Kokomo. Ind.. be was on duty at Camp Merritt. N. J.

Wilson, Grayston Hart (801, sou of Henry W. and Anna Hart Wilson, was born in Wabash, Ind. He graduated from the high school at Lincolnville, and attended the Marion Business College fourteen months. On March 29. 1918, he entered the army at Kokomo, Ind.. and for five weeks after going to Camp Zachary Taylor, he was given drill practice: the remainder of the time there was spent in tbe company office. He was promoted to first class private, corporal and then sergeant of the Eleventh Co., Third Battalion, First Regiment, l.^JOtli Depot Brigade. He had been recommended for tbe O. T. C. at Camp Gordon, Ga., and had started to that camp when the school tor officers was discontinued. While at Camp Z.icliary Taylor he married Cecilia Sttjebe. of Marion. Ind.

Wilson, Harry Miller (281, son of Joseph K. and Lillian F. Wilson, was born at Frankfort, Ind., in 1894. While at Moline, 111., he enlisted in the ordnance branch of tbe .inny, and was sent to Frankford. Pa. Corporal Wilson was discharged Jan. 12. 1919, at Camp Granl. 111.

Wilson, Joseph, was twenty-six years old when he began his army service. He was born In Owenton, Ky. His final assignment in tbe army was with .the 236th Military Police.

Wilson, King M.. son of Ira JI. and Minnie Myers Wilson, was born in Miami Co.. Ind.. April 29, 1888. He enlisted in Los Angeles, Calif., in May. 1918, and was sent overseas in July, 1918, with Co, E, Sixty-sixth Engineers. Sergeant Wilson returned to the States in July. 1919. and after being mustered out at Camp Mills, N. Y., be returned to Kokomo, Ind., July 10, 1919.

Wilson, Ross V. (IS), son of Henry II. and Mary E. Wilson, was born in Kokomo, Ind., Dec. 30, 1806. On Jan. 2, 1918, he enlisted in the army at Kokomo, Ind., and was sent overseas with the Ninety-seventh Aero Squadron. He was in France ten and one-half months.

Wilson, Shirley, son of Mrs. Cella Wilson, was one of a company of men who was inducted into service at Kokomo. Ind.. April 20. 1918, for training at Camp Zachary Taylor, Ky. In September, 1918, he went to France, but returned early in 1919.

Wiltse, Horace L. (47i. sou of Mr. and Mrs. David Lyndon Wiltse. was born in Kokomo, Ind., Dec' 8, 1895. He completed three years of high school. On Aug. 5. 1918, he enlisted in the army, and was sent to Syracuse, N. Y., and then to Camp Stuart, Va. ; later be was at the army supply depot, Norfolk, Va., where he was a member of the 328th Guard and Fire Co. On Sept. 11, 1918, he became corporal and on Dec. 8, 1918, be was mustered out of the army.

Winburn. Franklin (So), son o£ Claude iinrt Arcleli;i Wiuhuni, was born in Kokomo, Ind., Dec. 5, 1896. He was sent to Camp Custer. 'Slitih., Sept. 20. 1918. where he served in the headquarters company of the Sixth Regiment. Ninety-fifth Pioneer Division. On Dec. 18, 191S, he receiyed his discharge at Camp Slierman. Ohio.

Windoffer, Charles Orin (4), son of Joe and Opal Olive Windoffer, was liorn in Anderson, Ind.. June 29. 1894. After graduating from the high school in Kokomo, Ind.. he attended Purdue University two years. His wife's maiden name was Opal Jlay Spencer. On June 5. 1917. he enlisted in the army, and after being sworn in at Fort Thomas, Ky., he was ordered to Fort Benjamin Harrison, Ind.; and then to Camp Zachary Taylor. Ky.; Camp Gordon, Ga. ; and Camp Sheridan, Ala. In August, 1918. he was commissioned second lieutenant in the Fortysixth Infantry. Ninth Division. On Nov. 9, 1918, he embarked from Camp Mills, L. I., but three days later his ship was ordered by wireless to return to port because of the signing of the armistice. On Jan. 27, 1919, he was discharged at Camp Sheridan, Ala., and placed in the reserve corps.

Windoffer, George Fredericlc. Jr., son of George and Bridgetta Green Windofler, was born at Anderson, Ind.. Dec. 4. 1896. In 1914 he graduated from the high school in Kokomo, Ind., and in 1917 he received his degree at Notre Dame University. He enlisted at Indianapolis, Ind., July 2.5, 1918, and on Aug. 1, 1918, he was called to the Great Lakes Station. His discharge was dated Dec. 6, 1918, with the rank of seaman, first class, and he was placed in the naval reserve forces. He had previously served in the army, having been attached to Bat. B. Second P. A., from Oct. 1, 1917, to July 1, 1918, with the rank of top sergeant.

Windsor, Lloyd M., was born in Indiana. He was a first class private in the Seventeenth Battery at Fort Wadsworth, N. Y. His discharge was issued at Columbus Barracks. Ohio, Feb. 11, 1919. He was twenty-one years of age.

Windsor, Wilson Hoy (94), son of William and Melissa Woodmansee Windsor, was born at Pana, 111., May 5, 1894. He enlisted at Kokomo, Ind., Sept. 2.3. 1917, and was sworn in at Fort Thomas, Ky.. Sept. 27. 1917. After two months of drill in the infantry, he was assigned to Bakery Co. No. :i42 Nov. 27, 1917. and the following day he left for Fort Elley, Kansas. He worked at the post liakery from Dec. 1. 1917, to Jan. 1. 1918; then until April 10. 191S. he was again given infantry drill. Me arrived at Camp Humphreys, Va., April 1.3. 1918, and for the next eleven months he served in the bakery. On JIareh 115. 1919. be left for Camp Zachary Taylor, Ky., and as a corporal received his discharge March 27. 1919.

Wineinger, Benjamin Harrison, was born April 1, 1888. Beginning June 21, 1917. he served in the medical detaolunent of field artillery. He enlisted in Kokomo, Ind.

Winegardner, Owen Cecil (27), son of ^Ir. and Mrs. W. H. Winegardner, entered the army at Kokomo, lud., April 26, 1918. Eighty men from this county left for Camp Zachary Taylor the same day. He was assigned to the Twenty-fifth Co., Seventh Battalion. 159th Depot Brigade. In July, 1918, he was sent to Fort Benjamin Harrison, where he received training with Co. N, Twent.v-second Engineers, Fifth Battalion, until in September. On the fourteenth of the month this contingent sailed from Camp Mills. L. I. After eight months of overseas service he returned to the States, and landed at Charleston. S. ('., in June. 1919. He returned to Kokomo about July 1, 1919.

Wines, John S., son of AndreT\- and Lulu Smith Wines, was born Jan. 11, 1892. His wife is Goldie Lingo Wines. He began his military service at Camp Zachary Taylor. Ky.. JIarch 29, 1918. He was appointed cook tor Co. E. Fourth Motor Mechanic Regiment: and later he went to France with this organization of the air service. He entered the army from Howard County.

Wines, Merel F.. was born in 1900. His service in tlie army lasted from March 10, 1918. to April 1, 1919. He enlisted at Indianapolis. Ind., and was on duty at the air station, Miami, Fla.

Winkler, Erroll Russell (441, sou of Elvin and M.'iry F. Winkler, was born Dec". 26, 1899. in Henry Co., Ind. On Doc. 10. 1917, he joined the navy at Indianapolis, Ind., and served at the Great Lakes Station until April, 1918, when he was ordered to the navy yards. Philadelphia. Pa., and assigned to the destroyer which made ports in France, Ireland, England and Wales. His disch.-irge was given in January, 1919.

Wise. Glen Harold (47), son of Jacob (deceased) and Ida Wise, was born in liandolph Co.. Ind., Oct. 22, 1888. After graduating from the Kokomo High School in 1908. he attended col- lege two years. He enlisted in tlie aniiy at f'liieago. III., April 4. 1018. From April until August, IMS, he was stationed at P'ort William, Maine; then he left for France with the Headquarters Co., Seventy-second Coast Artillery Corps, with the rank of platoon sergeant. He was discharged at Camp Grant, III., April IT, l!)l',i.

Wise, Verl Arthur (45), son of Jacoli (deceased) and Ida Wise, was horn in Randolph Co., May 4, 1802. In 1911 he graduated from the Kokomo High School and in 1915 he received an A. B. Degree from Butler College. After enlisting in the army at Chicago, 111., Sept. .3, 1918, he was on duty at Camp Grant, 111,, with headquarters company of the camp adjutant's detachment. He was discharged at Camp Grant. 111., Feb, 14, 1919.

Wilier, John Wright (Oil, son of Grant and Lassie Witler, was born at Burlington, Ind., May 22, 1892. He married Marie Emma Giddings. Enlisting in the navy he went to the Great Lakes Station in December, 1917. In February, 1918, he went to Philadelphia, Pa., and in March he was transferred to the hospital at Portsmouth. In April he was ordered aboard the Battleship "Maine," and for the next seven months he was stationed in the harbor at New York. N. Y, He was discharged .Tan. 24, 1919, after having served thirteen months.

Wolf, Conrad (531, son of George ^V. and Catherine Hullinger "Wolf, was married to Golda .Tones Jan. 2, VMH. He was then serving at Camp Zachary Taylor, having been inducted into service Sept. 21. 1917. at Kokomo. Ind. He spent some time on the range at West Point. Ivy., and on .Sept. 1. 1918, he left for France with Bat. D, .32,5th F. A., Eighty-fourth Division.

Wood, Allie .Alfred (46), son of John W. and Ann Delia Carter Wood, was born near Russiaville, Ind. He joined the army Feb, Ifl, 1918. and was promoted to sergeant while at Camp Greene, N. C, where he served during his entire period of enlistment.

Wood. Carl Oral, was born April 20, 1895. He enlisted in the army Sept. 1, 1917, at I-Ioopeston, 111, He was a member of Co. B. Third Illinois Infantry, and later the 129th Regiment, Thirty-third Division.

Wood, Cyril Deloss, was born April 1, ISOfi. He enlisted at Logansport, Ind., and served from May 25. 1918. to Feb. 10. 1910. He was attached to Co. K, Seventy-seventh Regiment, Thirty-ninth Division.

Wood, Charles G. (75), son of Charles (deceased) and May L, Cole W'oods, was born at Dunkirk, Ind. His wife is Marie Black Woods. On June 5, 1918, be was inducted into the army at Kokomo, Ind., and on Nov. 21, 1018, lie was discharged. His six weeks of service were spent at Valparaiso, Ind.

13, 1805. In 1914 he graduated from high school and that fall he enrolled as a student at the Indianapolis Veterinary College. In February, 1018, he enlisted in the medical reserve. His army training was secured at Fort Oglethorpe, Ga., and Newport News, Va. He was discharged at Camp Hill, Newport News, Va., Jan. 8, 1910.

14. 1888. He completed the work in the Greentown High School in 1907. After enlisting at Fort Wayne, Ind,, in May, 1917, be received training at Fort Thomas, Ky. ; Fort Riley, Kansas: Camp Logan, Texas; Camp Doniphan, Okla., and Camp Mills. L. I. He saw service in France. He was promoted to corporal and then to sergeant. He was discharged July 9. 1919, at Camp Taylor, Ky.

Woodward, FredericU Lawrence, son of Stephen Vincent and Ann Woodward, was born in Kokomo. Ind.. Oct. 8. 1805. On March 11, 1918, he enlisted in the army at Kokomo, Ind., and after his arrival at Camp Greenleaf, Ga., he was assigned to Co. G, Thirty-ninth Infantry, Fourth Division. He was wounded twice during his strenuous service on the firing line. One of his wounds was in the neck, which he received while fighting in the Argonne Forest. W^hen he returned to the States the hearing in one ear was entirely gone. At the time of his discharge at Camp Custer, Mich., March 11, 1919, be was in the convalescent center.

Woody, Marion Holmes, sou of Horace G. and Alice Holmes Woody, was born in Kokomo. Ind., Sept. 19, 1887. He graduated from the high school at Greencastle, Ind., and in 1911 he received liis degree from DePauw University. Ou April 11. IMS, lie enlisted in the navy at Cincinnati, Obio. He served as a second class seaman in tbe naval reserve.

Wooldridge, Bryan (41), son of T. E. and Jlary A. Wooldridge, was horn in Taylor Tp., Howard Co., Ind., Marcli 9, 1897. In 1914 he graduated from the high scliool in Kokomo, Ind., and the following year he attended Indiana Tniversity. In February, 1918, he enlisted in the coast artillery. Sergeant Wooldridge served in t'ranoe.

Wooldridge, William Green, was Ijorn at Tipton, Ind., June 19, 1887. He enlisted at Ivokomo, Ind., June 4, 191S, and was attached to Co. E, Third Engineers. He was discharged Aug. 19, 1919, at Camp Zachary Taylor, Ky.

Wooley, David Vt . (811, son of George K. and Mary E. ^Vooley, was born in Ivokomo, Ind.. Nov. 2S, 1889. On Sept. 4, 1918, he left (or the national army cantonment at Louisville, Ky., and remained In training there until he received his discharge, Jan. 6, 1919. He was attached to the Fifth Co.. Second Battalion.

Wooley, Algie M. (30), son of James E. and Adelaide Wooley, was born in Erviu Tp., Howard Co., Ind., Oct. 26, 1891. After his enlistment at Fort Wayne, Ind., he was sent to Camp Zacb.iry Taylor and Fort Leavenworth. His overseas service began in March, 1918, with Co. B, Seventh U. S. Engineers. While serving as a bridge builder on the firing line, he was struck by shrapnel, and was sent to a hospital in October, 1918. On Aug. 4, 1919, his discharge was issued at Camp Sherman, Ohio.

Wooley, Paul Vern (22), son of Oscar K. and Anna Wooley, is a graduate of the high school at Galveston, Ind., with the Class of 1911. In 1915 he completed the course at Denison College. He married Lola DeMoss, who died in 1918. He was principal of the schools at SummitviUe, Ind., but resigned and enlisted in the army at Elwood, Ind., in April, 1918. His first training was as a motor truck repairman at Purdue University. In July, 1918, he landed In France, and was on duty near Bordeaux as corporal and clerk of Co. B, 315th Ammunition Train. While with the Army of Occupation in Germany, he was billeted at Berncastle; later he was placed on detached service so that he might attend art school and study French in Paris.

Workman, Van (97), son of J. F. and Isola Workman, was born in Brownstown, 111., April 13, 1S9S. He served at Camp Scott, Chicago. 111., in the American Bed Cross from Oct. 19 to Dec. 1, 1918.

Workman, William W. (16), son of J. F. and Isola Workman, was born at Brownstown, 111., June 3U. 1S9.J. After graduating from the Kokomo High School in 1913, he attended Indiana University one year. Soon after entering the army he was married at Louisville, Ky., to Margaret Leach, of Kokomo, Ind. He first enlisted in the O. T. C. at Fort Benjamin Harrison in .May, 1917. and in August he received ai^ honorable discharge. In less than a month, or on Sept. 5, 1917, he volunteered to go with the first increment sent to Camp Zachary Taylor for the National Army. He went overseas with Bat. F, 325th F. A., Eighty-fourth Division, and returning home in February, 1919. He was discharged March 1, 1919.

Wright, Lawrence M. (53), son of F. E. and Almeda Wright, attended high school three years. Enlisting in the medical department of the army at Kokomo, Ind., Jan. 24, 1918, he was sent to Fort Oglethorpe, Ga. ; from there he was transferred to the main hospital, Kelly Field, Texas; on Nov. 10, 1918, he was placed in the aviation general supply depot, medical section. Little Hock, Ark. He was discharged at Camp Taylor in August, 1919.

Wright. Lex Carlton, was born July 1, 1888. He enlisted at Terre Haute, Ind., Oct. 20, 1917. and was discharged Feb. 27, 1919, after serving in the machine gun section of the Fortyeighth Infantry, Twentieth Division.

Wright, Walden, son of Mr. and Mrs. Curtis B. A. Wright, was in the company of men sent to Valparaiso, Ind., Aug. 1, 1918. He was sent to FtOlling Prairie, Ind., advanced to chief maintenance, and discharged Dec. 21, 1918.

Wyatt, Faye M., son of Frank and Anna Bostoff Wyatt, was born March 9, 1897, at Kokomo, Ind. He enlisted April 10. 1917, the same w-eek war was declared, and was ou duty at Port Dupont, Del., until he was discharged, Dec. 6, 1918.

Yates, .lames William, was born ;it Burlintrtoii. Inil. He was twenty-six years of age when lie enten-il the army. He was a niemtier of Co. .M. Sixty-seveiitli Infantry, (.'orporal Yates was (lisehargeil .Tan. is. WW.

Yager, Thomas William (2). son of Mrs. Madie Moore Yager, was born in Louisville. Ky., .\ug. ].". ISli.'i. hi .\pril. WIT. he enlisted in the marine corps at Chicago, 111., and was sent to

Bruce D. Lung Eiaqgio Gagliano

Paris Island, S. C.. wliere he was promoted to first sergeant. On Sept. l.S. lOlS, he was married to Itntli IieFord Italiey at Savannah, Ga.

Yarno, .Inles. .son of Morris and Clarice Malmontes Y'arno, was born June 'J, 1SB3, at Ransart, r.clgiuni. He was living in Kokomo, Ind.. with his parents, when he enlisted iu the medical corps .lune 5. 1917. He was attached to Base Hospital No. IT while serving overseas. He was discharged Mny 13. 1919.

Yearling. Carl George (10), son of Burnett H. and Carrie Emeline Theobald Yearling, was born at Shelbyville. Ind., Oct. 12, 1,S91. He is a graduate of the high school at Marion. Ind., but hi- had attended high school in Kokomo over three years. On Dec. IS, 1912, he married Clara Helen Havens. He was commissioned second lieutenant at the tirst O. T. C. at Fort Benjamin Harrison, Aug. 15, W17, and immediately bejran his work with the supply company of the oSCtli Infantry, Camp Zachary Taylor, Ky. On Oct. 1, WIT. be was assigned to the engineering lu-.-iiieli of the nicitor transpoi-t division, Q. II. t'., Wiisliington. I). ('. He was promoted to first lieutenant Feb. 18. ItlJS, anil was assistant to the officer in charge of enlistetl personnel. On Oct. 31. IfilS. the motor transport service hecame the motor transport corps. He was dischargerl Oct. 31. 1019.

Y'ouns, Charles .Arthur, was boru .Tune 21, 1S9C. He enlisted in Lafa.vette, Ind.. in Ma.v. 1917. He went to France with Bat. C, liiOtli F. A., Forty-second "Rainbow" Division, which was mobilized in New York just before leaving tor overseas duty in October, 1917. Ills first training was at Fort Benj.-imin Harrison, Ind. Ills division went on the firing line in Feliruary, 191.S, and took part in some of the most severe fighting of the war. lie- was also in Germany with the Army of Occupation.

Y'oung, Ernest Philip (271, son of Peter and .Tenuic Young, was born in Howard (_'o.. Ind., Oct. 4, 1SS9. He attended high school two years. On .luly 28, 1917, be enli.sted at New Castle, Ind, He was attached to the 238th JIachine (iniL Battalion, Regimental Infirmary, Medical Corps, and as first sergeant served in the I'rovisional Base Hospital No. 1, I'nit No. 3, Mesves Hospital Center, France.

Young, Generous Nohle, son of Isaac and JIary Y'oung, was born in Howard County, Ind., Oct. 26, 1901. He enlisted in the army at Kokomo, Ind., March 15. 1917, aiul after reporting to Fort Thomas, Ky., he was sent to Fort Douglas, Ariz.; then he was transferred to Fort Oglethorpe, Ga,, and later he was sent to Chattanooga, Tenn., where he remained on duty until discharged.

Younpr, Orville Earl, son of Sherman and Cora West Young, was sent to Camp Zacli.-iry Taylor, Ky., April 2(!. 1918. He was also on duty at Camp Knox. Ky.. as cook, ailnclicd to Co. D, 17(llh F. A, Kighty-fi.urth Division.

Younkjn, Jay. son of .Tohu and Cordelia Y'ounkin (both deceased), was born in Russiaville. Ind., Feb. 29. 189(1. Ih' married Gertrude Lewis in October, 1919. He belonged to the infantry and was with the American forces in Fr.ince. lie was discharged April 24, 1919.

Zetterman, -lohn slgfried I(.i9l. son of Eric and Ingeliorg Person Zetterman, was born at Munkfors, Sweden. He had been living in Kokomo. Ind., with his brother, Carl E. Zetterman, for several years, but when the World War began, he enlisted in the Canadian Army at Barrio, Ontario, Aug. 10, 1914, Just six days after Great Britain declared war. He arrived in France with the first Canadian contingent Feb. 12, 1915, and on April 25, 1915, he received his first wound while on the firing line at Langemark, Belgium. He was sent to No. 12 Stationary Hospital, Kouen, France. His second wound was received while fighting in Caureelette, Picardy, in September, 191G. In .Tune, 1918, he was gassed so severely that he was sent to a rest camp in England. After the armistice was signed he returned to Canada to receive his final discharge papers, .Tan. 2.5. 1919. He had been a member of the Fourth Overseas Battalion. C. E. F. He was given ;i land grant by the Canadian government and has the honor of .serving boigi-r in the World War th.-ni any other Howard County soldier.

Zinimerman, Robert Frazee (14), son of William and Nellie Frazee Zimmerman, was born in Kokorao, Ind., Jan. 22, 1S04. He married Salome Dumbald, a hospital nurse wbom he met while on duty at the post hospital, Fort Thomas, Ky., where he was assigned when be volunteered Dec. 16, 1917, at Kokomo, Ind.

Zimmerman, Carl Arthur, was born at Jit. Vernon, lud., March 6, 1898. When he enlisted July 5, 191S. at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., he was assigned to the Q. M. C. Dept. at Camp Joseph E. Johnston. He was later at Camps Hill and Mills before going to France. He was promoted from private to corporal and then to sergeant. He was stationed at Brest, Bajoilles-sur- Meuse, Villiers le Sec, Eimancourt, St. Aignon and St. Nazaire. On July 7, 1919, bis discbarge was issued at Camp Mills, N. Y.

Zellner, Athol, was born in Howard Co., Ind., Aug. 16, 1895. On June 28, 1917, he eutered the army at Muncie, Ind., and served with Co. G, Second Ind. Infantry, at East Chicago, Ind. He was transferred to Camp Shelby, Miss., and assigned to the Seventh Co.. 152nd U. S. Infantry. His discharge was dated Dec. 5, 1917.

Indiana State Militia Company D, Third Infantry

Company D was organized by John B. Tate, after Co. E, Kokomo's militai-y organization, had been federalized. On Sunday, Dec. 16, 1917, following theii- physical examination by Dr. E. M. Shenk, the men assembled in the circuit court room, where they were sworn in by Col. Charles A. Garrard. The officers were: Captain Warren R. Voorhis, who served until he moved to New York City, when his place was taken by John B. Tate. First Lieutenant George L. Davis resigned in order to give more of his time to the Liberty Loan campaigns, and he was succeeded by H. C. Davis, Jr. C. V. Haworth was elected 2nd Lt., but resigned to take charge of the buzzer classes which were organized by the war department for conscripted men, and he was succeeded by Mark Brown. When Lieutenant Brown entered the O. T. C. at Camp Zachary Taylor, Ky., Tom L. Knipe was commissioned 2nd Lt. Duke's Hall, which was located on the south side of the public square, was used for an armory, and here the boys met on Friday evenings foi- drill. Special drills were given on Wednesday evenings and on Sunday afternoons. The men were equipped with uniforms and guns, and were subject to the call of the Governor to go wherever needed in the State of Indiana. Also since the men were all of military age they could have been federalized and become a part of the National Army. Although the company was never called for active service, it stood ready to do its duty whatever that might be. The 2nd Battalion, to which Company D belonged, met for field maneuvers at Fort Wayne, Ind., July 4, 1918; at Marion, Ind., the first Sunday in August; and on Labor Day at Kokomo, Ind. At the latter place exhibition drills were given on the high school grounds and field maneuvers on the golf links at the Country Club. On April 23, 1919, the company was mustered out by Major Earl McKee.

Roster War Activities At Home

In ancient times an army was supposed to live off the country througli which it passed. Xenophon's "Ten Thousand" on its memorable march existed for more than a year in a foreign and hostile land. Caesar on his numerous campaigns compelled the conquered people to supply his army with food. And even in recent times an army has been known to abandon its base of supplies and depend on the surrounding country for a considerable length of time for its support. But in the twentieth century, warfare has become so scientific that no nation can hope to win in a military conflict unless it is able to muster a great army, provisioned and fully equipped with all the modern implements of war. Such a condition requires the closest co-operation of all branches of service, even extending to the civilians, who work in the factories, mines, and on the farms. A never-ending stream of munitions must be brought to the front, and an ample supply of food must be served regularly. A breaking down of the transportation system for a single hour might mean disaster, and for a day would mean defeat.

When the Ignited States entered the war, England, France and Italy were practically exhausted. Their armies had either been defeated or were being gradually worn away. They had been unable to raise sufficient food for the armies and their own people. The submarines had taken a fearful toll of the supply ships that ventured to cross the Atlantic from the western continent. Therefore, the immediate problem which confronted the United States was how to maintain a sufficient supply of food for the home people and at the same time feed the Allies.

tional government. First, an army must be raised ; second, equipment must be supplied ; tliird, food must be produced ; and, fourth, money must be furnished. The first measure as proposed by the government was accomplished through the selective draft act and the enforcement of its provisions. The features of this law can best be understood by a study of its application to the county unit, as administered by the county conscription board.

In pursuance of the selective draft act, which was passed by the United States Congress in April, 1917, a conscription board was named for Howard County. Its members were to be composed of the county sheriff, the county clerk, and one additional member, a physician. By virtue of their oflices, Omer F. Brown and Charles E. Middleton became members of the board in Howard County, and Dr. Francis A. Shoaf was selected as the third member, as the law required that only two members should be of the same political paiiy. On account of ill health and the press of oflicial duties, Mr. Middleton was forced to resign soon after work had begun, and Don P. Strode was appointed in his stead. Offices were maintained in the court house, where all the official business was transacted, including the registrations and examinations.

It was on June 5, 1917, the date of the first registration, that the real work of the board began. Numbers were drawn at Washington to determine the order in which the men were to appear before the board for examination. In this way each registrant had a serial and an order number. In order to assist the board to pass more intelligently on the merits of each case, all registrants were required to fill out a questionnaire, which in itself was of assistance in making the proper classification. All drafted men were classified according to their physical fitness, the number and kind of dependents, and their occupations. This classification also determined the order in which the men were called to service.

A medical advisory board, composed of Dr. W. H. McClurg and Dr. Omer D. Hutto, was appointed by the government to assist in making physical examinations in special cases, and to make a re-examination where someone felt he had not been properly examined by the local boa}-d. If anyone was in need of legal advice as to the steps necessary to obtain an allotment or bonus offered discharged soldiers, a legal advisory committee was delegated by the government to give all necessary assistance free. Members of this board were: William C. Overton, judge of the circuit court, B. C. Moon and Earl B. Barnes. The government also appointed a dental board composed of Dr. A. L. Harter and Dr. W. D. Kirk, who gave free examination and treatment in many cases to the conscripted men whose teeth needed attention.

was more essential that he remain at home than go to war, had the right of appeal to the district board located at Laporte, Ind. On the other hand, any citizen who thought the board was too lenient in excusing men from military service could register his complaint with J. A. Kautz, appeal agent for the conscription board, who was appointed by the government to hear such complaints, and send them with his recommendation to the War Department, Washington, D. C. The task of the board was not an enviable one. Its work was not always pleasant, and it required patience and determination to carry out the provisions of the law.

The board was assisted in the discharge of its duties by Mrs. Daisy Strode Applegate, Miss Mabel Atkinson, Mrs. Ruth Ross Herrman, Dr. Arthur Oilar, and Private Maurice Ashly. The following gave their services without remuneration at times when extra help was greatly needed: Miss Sadie Hutner, Miss Helen Ross, Mrs. Allison C. Donnelly and Mrs. George W. Ross. Many citizens, mostly lawyers and teachers, assisted the registrants in preparing the questionnaires. All of these questionnaires were shipped to Washington, D. C, in February, 1919. Soon after the armistice was sigTied Nov. 11, 1918, the local board was ordered to have its work completed by Dec. 10, 1918, although the time was later extended until January, 1919. In compliance with government orders, the work was brought to a close at the earliest possible time, and all records pertaining to the conscription board were sent to the War Department.

Many interesting and illuminating facts may be gleaned from the official report, which in pail is as follows: The problems of naturalization presented themselves from the records of the boaixl and the county clerk. It appeared that there were 250 residents of military age who had not declared their intention to become American citizens. Eightyone declarations of intention to become citizens had been filed since Nov. 27, 1916, and twenty-one of this number were born in Germany or Austria. During the examinations made by the board it was found that many had filed applications to become citizens, but had never completed necessary steps to that end. On June 5, 1917, there were 3,996 registrations. Of the 740 ordered to entrain, .516 were accepted at camp, fortynine rejected, and sixty reported delinquent. Four were unclassified. The number of questionnaires forwarded to the district board was 914, and all were returned. Four were not given a physical examination. Of the 1,004 physically examined, forty were placed in the limited service, 659 in the general military service, ninety non-corpbatants, and twelve in the emergency fleet. Of the forty- two colored men physically examined, thirty-four were placed in the general military service. Those who filled out questionnaires were classified as follows: Class one, 864; class two, 457 ; class three, 471 ; class four, 2,979 ; class five, 1,291. There were 171 marriages after May 18, 1917. Twenty-five men were called before the board and ordered to either fight or work.

War Munitions

In carrying out the second step in the war program, the War Department adopted measures to supply the army with all the munitions and equipment necessary for an aggressive campaign. All of the manufacturing industries of the United States were notified to be prepared, wherever possible, to manufacture war materials at the earliest possible moment. Kokomo's manufacturers made immediate preparation for the change, and began to bid on war contract work. With the assistance of the Chamber of Commerce, the local manufacturers kept a representative, Charles Muckenhern, a man of unusual ability, in Washington to secure contracts for their factories. In this he was very successful, and as a result Kokomo's entire circle of industries was kept in steady operation during the war. Deliveries were made so promptly to the War Department, and the goods were of such superior quality, that the local concerns had no trouble in holding their contracts and securing new ones whenever they were needed. Much credit is due those who had the management of these factories in charge, because they not only increased production of war supplies but made Kokomo the second city in the state in the number of manufacturing concerns holding war contracts. Not all the industries making war materials held contracts directly from the Ordnance Department, but secured them through other concerns.

The list of factories and munition products are as follows: Superior Machine Tool Company made shells of various sizes, chiefly 155 M.M. dummy drill projectiles. In addition to these were the 4-inch Stokes trench moi'tar gas, incendiary and smoke shells, which were the only shells of this size made in America that were used in actual warfare; Conron- McNeal Co., later known as the Liberty Pressed Metal Company, drop incendiary bombs, and rifle screwdrivers; Globe Stove and Range Co., ranges, packing boxes, 6-inch trench mortar shell ; Kokomo Steel and Wire Company, steel shell forgings, ingots and barb wire; Kokomo Brass Works, aluminum castings, magnetos, carburetors, and 4-inch trench mortar gas shell projectors; Haynes Automobile Company, motors and transmissions; Apperson Brothers Automobile Company, motors; Pittsburg Plate Glass Company, glass bull's-eye for ships ; D. C. Jenkins Glass Company, water glasses, molasses cans and lantern globes; Great Western Pottery and Kokomo Sanitary Manufacturing Company, hospital appliances, faucets and tanks for cantonments; Kokomo Rubber Company, truck tires ; Hoosier Iron Works, shell castings ; and the Haynes

The pictnre shows projectiles which were made for guns of various calibers; o7 m. m. gun. 3.S inch Howitzer. 4.7 luch Howitzer, 5 inch seacoast guu. 6 inch Howit/.er. (i inch seacoast gun, ,S inch Howitzer. 8 inch seacoast gun. 0.2 inch Howitzer. 10 inch seacoast guu, 240 m. m. Howitzer. 12 inch seacoast gun. 12 inch seacoast mortar. 14 inch gun. and 16 inch guu. These shells were made by the Superior Machine Tool Company. Kokomo, In i.

Stellite Company, mirrors, minor operating knives, and tools for making shells. If sworn statements on file in the company's office and testimony of experts on shell production count for anything, it is altogether probable that by the use of stellite, shell production was increased fifty per cent. That being true, it is safe to assume that the end of the war was materially hastened by the use of a Kokomo product. Because of the superior workmanship and prompt delivery of material, the Superior Machine Tool Company was kept working on war orders for a considerable length of time after the armistice was signed. Kokomo's factories were kept running through the war, giving employment to thousands of men and women, and contributing liberally to all war activities. The growth and prosperity of the city was largely due to the wise and efficient management of the business men who were at the head of the industrial and financial institutions of the city. During the entire war there were but two labor disturbances, and these were quickly adjusted. The transition from a war to a peace basis was accomplished without the slightest interruption to business.

Food Administration

The third line of action determined upon by the government was the production of more food. Agricultural experts were sent to all parts of the country, lecturing to the farmers and admonishing them of the necessity of increasing the wheat and corn acreage for the coming years. Clubs for the women were organized, and housewives were urged to can their own fruit, as the entire output of factory canned goods would be needed for the army. During the summer of 1917, Miss Clara Edna Berry, teacher of domestic science in the Kokomo High School, conducted a canning school, where correct methods of canning fruit and vegetables were taught. In order to stimulate school gardening, the mayor of the city offered to break lots for those who did not have the means to have it done. War gardens proved to be popular, and during the summers of 1917-18 almost every vacant lot and back yard in the city of Kokomo was under cultivation.

Under the direction of Purdue University a meeting was called at the court house April 7, 1917, for the purpose of discussing ways and means of increasing food production in Howard County. Resolutions were passed strongly recommending that a county organization be formed, having for its purpose the stimulation of food production and the conservation of resources. These were passed when presented by T. A. Hanson, W. E. Grinslade and George Lybrook. After listening to stirring addresses by 0. A. Somers, at that time Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, Judge W. C. Overton, George B. Jones and Warren R. Voorhis, the body proceeded to perfect an organization. Following this meeting a great publicity campaign for food conservation was launched. Attractive placards, suggesting the necessity for saving food, were displayed in conspicuous places. Clever slogans touching some phase of conservation were printed on posters and scattered abroad throughout the county by means of the mail and airplane. But the most important factor which constrained the people to conserve food was the department of food conservation. The success of the department in Howard County was assured v/hen Dr. J. R. Morgan was appointed administrator. The task was a difficult one, yet in his characteristic and forceful way he assumed the duties of the office and made a success of it. His report is as follows:

When the war with Germany had reached the point where there was a question of the ability of the Allies to hold out against the Central Powers, the United States went into the war to help the Allies and save her own country. It was evident that if Prussia won, America would have to defend her own territory, for the Kaiser had set out to dominate the world. There was begun the building and equipping of a great army and navy.

Congress organized the people in the greatest civilian enterprise by establishing the Food Administration. The man selected as head of this work was the one who had done so much for Belgian relief - Herbert Hoover.

Mr. Hoover built up an organization in each State to take care of and ship all surplus food to the allies. Much was done by eliminating unnecessary meals and eating only those things that were essential. Civilians were required to use a certain amount of substitutes, thereby relieving staple articles for army use. Mondays and Wednesdays were wheatless; Tuesdays and Fridays were meatless; Saturday was porkless, and it was in order to save sugar every day. Public eating houses were limited to four ounces of meat, two ounces of bread, and one-half ounce of butter per person per meal. Barley, oats, buckwheat, and corn products were substituted for wheat products. At first 20% of other flours were to be sold with all wheat flour; then the order came to make it 507o-50'^/r. This order brought forth a protest from those who wanted their breakfast bacon. To enforce such stringent measures, the food administrator was given power to inflict heavy penalties again.st those who disobeyed. All food handlers were licensed and pledged to support the rules or go out of business. This applied to public eating houses. Private families were reached wholly on patriotic grounds, except that they were required to buy a certain amount of substitute with each purchase. The majority of the people responded heartily to the food restriction measures, and I never heard one objection after the first American blood was shed on foreign soil.

Before the war America used eighty-eight pounds of sugar per capita per annum, but during the war we were restricted to twenty-four pounds per capita.

Dr. Harry E. Barnard of Indianapolis was chosen head of the Food Administration in Indiana, and was so successful in building up an organization in each county that the State was second to none in the nation. His wonderful executive ability, his great earnestness, his quick, unerring judgment, his strong determination, together with his courtesy, won for him the respect and admiration of all the people who worked under him and established for him a record with the national administration. His counsel was sought by Mr. Hoover, and Indiana was cited as an example to other States.

Early in the organization I was notified of my appointment as Federal Food Administrator for Howard County, and I accepted the same, filing an oath to support ths constitution of t'-'e United States imd to enforce the rules of the Food Administration to the best cf my ability.

I put my whole soul into the job, neglecting my own business, giving my whole time, and working my own office force without fee or reward. I received a reimbursement from the government for one month of clerk hire - fifty dollars - and from the Council of Defense reimbursement for supplies, $425.15, and one-half pay for stenographer. All other office expenses and clerk hire were paid by me in addition to my personal service, which represents my services to my country and to humanity.

Rules were administered without fear or favor and as pleasantly as possible. At times we waited on from 300 to 1,500 people in the office in a single day, and I wish to thank them for their patience and the way they responded and assisted in the work. I want to thank the people in general for their faithful compliance, and I wish to particularly thank the dealers in food products and the people of the eating houses for the kindly way they accepted the regulations and for the special efforts they made to keep them. As a rule the people accepted the rules gi-acefuUy, and all controversies were caused by misunderstandings. One case only was punished for violation and that was hoarding sugar and flour - the supplies were taken and sold and the proceeds given to the Red Cross, and the offender was allowed to giake a liberal contribution to the cause. Another case came to my attention, and that was where a party moved from the city and turned in a large store of sugar and flour, showing that he had been hoarding.

I had for my assistants in this great work the following persons, who were enthusiastic, faithful and zealous in the fulfillment of their duties. The two general office deputies were: Mr. Harry W. Vrooman and Mr. B. Roy Russell, to whom I am greatly indebted for their splendid assistance. They were constantly on the job when needed, and for their most excellent work they have as their pay the satisfaction of knowing that they helped to make the food administration a success.

There were two deputies in charge of the eating and food establishments of the county: Mr. A. E. Deardorff, hotel and restaurant deputy, and Mr. C. S. Williams, deputy in charge of weights and measures. Mr. Arthur Goyer was a special deputy in charge of mills and elevators in the county. Mr. Sidney Banner and Mr. Floyd Inibler were labor deputies; Rev. David H. Shields, church deputy; .Judge Fred J. Byers, lodge deputy; Mr. W. H. Mohler, baker deputy; Mr. .John McKee, Mr. C. A. Malaby, Mr. Martin Coady and Mr. C. M. Anderson represented the grocers, and the following special deputies served throughout the county: Mr. H. H. Weaver, Greentown; Mr. H. M. Brubaker and Mr. J. M. Todhunter, Russiaville; Mr. John Fenn, Hemlock; Mr. D. E. Thomas, Center; Mr. Nehemiah Main and Mr. C. B. Tudor, Oakford; Mr. S. D. Ramseyer, West Middleton; Mr. O. A. Thomas, Alto; Miss Edna Ellis, Phlox; Mr. John Ritchey, Cassville, and Mr. J. W. Long, Sycamore. These deputies were engaged principally in the work of issuing sugar cards, and they performed a most excellent service under strenuous circumstances.

There was a threshing committee of three deputies: Mr. E. E. Stone, Greentown; Mr. John Fenn, Hemlock, and Mr. William Prather, Clay Township. In addition to these, every manager of a threshing ring was made a special deputy to enforce the conservation of grain.

The folloviJing persons served on a special committee in an advisory capacity: Mr. Elwood Haynes, Mr. E. J. Humpe, Mr. John B. Joyce, Mrs. W. C. Purdum, Mrs. W. E. Sollenberger, Mrs. G. W. Ross, Kokomo; Mrs. C. J. Davis, Greentown; Mr. Robert Kincaid and Mr. A. C. Shilling, Russiaville. The schools were represented by Prof. A. F. Hutson and Prof. C. E. Hinshaw. The county president of Food Clubs was Mrs. Howard Cottey, whose duty it was to organize township clubs for educational purposes. In addition to the persons above named, I want to mention my own office force, consisting of Mrs. J. R. Morgan, an office deputy; Mr. B. E. Day, Miss Gladys Heaton, Miss Esther Park and Miss Ruth Simmons, clerks, all of whom served faithfully part or all of the time in the food work and contributed to its success.

The Food Administration was dissolved Feb. 15, 1919. Although the war brought us many hardships, all will agree, no doubt, that it has been eminently worth while to have lived during those stirring and strenuous times.

In conclusion I wish to thank everyone who has been connected with the food administration, and to thank all with whom we came in contact, and to thank God that it is all over, and to hope that the world will be the better and that it will never be necessary to have another war.

I append in closing the final words of my superior officer. Dr. H. E. Barnard of Indianapolis, who says in his notification of discharge on Feb. 15, 1919: "In connection with this announcement, I cannot refrain from a further expression of my sincere personal gratitude for the splendid assistance you have rendered. It was your efforts and those of others associated with us that made possible the proud recoi'd of Indiana. We have received only thanks from the Washington officials for the splendid manner in which our task was executed, with never a word of criticism. I am sure I am wholly within the bounds of truth when I declare to you, as I have so many times verbally, that your duties were just as important and consequential, in their place, as were those of any soldier, and for those who contributed to the defeat of the arch enemy of civilization I know posterity will cherish only the kindest reverence." In addition to this I have received personal letters from Dr. H. E. Barnard and Mr. I. L. Miller, his chief deputy, containing words of appreciation and recognition of the work we have performed, and it is such expressions as those contained in these letters that make life really worth living.

Liberty Loan

The fourth Hne of action as planned by the government was the raising of money. Several billions, an amount almost beyond human comprehension, was to be procured by the sale of bonds. This metliod of raising money was altogether new to the people of Howard County. Heretofore only the wealthy could afford to own government securities, but under the proposed plan bonds were to be sold to individual purchasers in as small denominations as fifty dollars. It was argued that the o\vner of a bond had made a good investment for himself, had favored his country, and would become a booster for his government. Howard County was thoroughly organized under the efficient leadership of H. C. Davis, who was appointed county director. Each occupation, city ward, township and precinct had its own sales organizatiion. The men were not alone in this work, but were assisted by the M^omen who were well organized throughout the county. A good-natured rivalry sprang up between teams to see which one would be the first to go "over the top." It was the common opinion among the workers that if the mingling of neighbor with neighbor, farmer with city fellow, and the rich with the poor, had done nothing more than create a closer feeling of friendship and interdependency among the citizens of Howard County, all the time and effort spent in the sale of bonds would have been worth while.

The First Liberty Loan Drive began May 4, 1917, and the allotment to Howard County of $560,000 was quickly subscribed by the banks of the county. The rate of interest was three and one-half per cent, and the purchasers had the privilege of exchanging their bonds for any later series bearing a higher rate of interest. The Second Liberty Loan (October 1-27, 1917) for $1,325,000 was oversubscribed by $37,000. These bonds bore four per cent interest and were convertible into those bearing a higher rate of interest. The entire allotment of this loan was taken by the people. This was also true of the Third and Fourth Loans. The use of the four-minute speakers was an innovation of this campaign. John B. Joyce, who was chairman of the speakers' bureau, supplied speakers for the local theatres, rural churches and for special meetings held in the county. These speakers played an important part by bringing the issues of the war constantly before the people. This method of education proved to be so effective that it was used in all subsequent drives.

Howard County's Third Liberty Loan (begun April 7, 1918) allotment was $950,000. The rate of interest was four and one-fourth per cent, and the quota was oversubscribed by $21,300. The Fourth Liberty Loan (begun Sept. 28, 1918) of $1,900,000, was oversubscribed by $29,550. On April 21, 1919, the Victory Loan was floated, and Howard County banks took the entire allotment of $1,425,000. These bonds run for a period of five years and bear interest at the rate of four and threefourths per cent. Individual purchasers were given an opportunity to buy. When compared with other counties in the State, Howard takes i-ank with the first in meeting her allotments, and the number of individual purchasers.

Thrift Stamps

It was shown by the war that the people of the United States were the most profligate on the face of the earth. It was stated on good authority that the American people wasted enough food during the war to have fed the Allies. Whether that statement is true or not, no one will deny that vastly too much was wasted. To counteract, in part at least, the wasteful habits which had been formed, the government offered the thrift stamp as a means of saving in small amounts. One thrift stamp was worth twenty-five cents, and sixteen of them could be exchanged, by paying the accrued interest, for a war saving stamp, which in five years would be worth five dollars. No one person was permitted to purchase more than one thousand dollars in stamps. The War Savings and Thrift Stamp campaign began Dec. 3, 1917, and at that time the sale of stamps was confined largely to school children. In May, 1918, the campaign took on a more serious aspect and the county was thoroughly organized for a strenuous drive. June 28 was designated by President Wilson as W. S. S. day, when all the people were to take an inventory of their stamps already purchased and pledge themselves to buy as many more as possible during the year. A large bulletin board was erected in the court house yard, where the names of all the persons in the county were posted who had purchased the maximum number of stamps permitted by law. Thrift clubs were organized in every part of the county, in the churches, schools, stores, factories and banks where stamps could be purchased. All city postmen carried stamps as well as the rural carriers. Howard County's efficient organization, headed by J. E. Fredrick, chairman, sold over $700,000 in stamps during the year 1918, and by the postmaster's report in January, 1919, only ten per cent had been redeemed. So fundamental in its application is the thrift stamp movement that no doubt, in time, it will become a permanent part of the postal system. The State Board of Education of Indiana has planned a course in saving, which will be used in all the public schools beginning in September, 1919.

Fuel Administration

Early in the summer of 1917 it was predicted by those who were in a position to know, that in all probability there would be a shortage of coal during the coming winter. On Oct. 24, 1917, a fuel administrator was appointed whose duty it was to see that coal was not wasted and that those who needed fuel were supplied. In case of necessity coal could be taken from the factories, schools, or any concern, and delivered to those in need. Mr. William H. Turner was appointed fuel administrator, and he was ably assisted by 0. H. Buck, J. P. Davis, 0. C. Smith, Harvey Lybrook, Wilbur Turner and W. H. Arnett. True to prediction, the city's supply of coal was exhausted during the severe cold weather early in 1918, when it was all but impossible to get a new supply, due to a heavy snow and lack of railroad facilities. On Jan. 18, National Fuel Administrator Garfield ordered all non-essential factories closed until the 23rd. Also for ten weeks all business houses, except those handling foods, were ordered to close on Mondays. There were many anxious days in Kokomo when it looked as though the factories might any day have to close their doors and many families would be without fuel. By an order of the fuel administrator, all electrical display signs were to be discontinued for the time being; business houses could not open until nine in the morning and must close at six in the evening. Householders were ordered to turn off the heat from unoccupied rooms in the homes. For a short time all places of amusement, pool rooms and churches were closed, but the schools were well supplied with coal and were permitted to operate. On one Sunday, in order to save fuel, all the churches in the city held a union meeting in the high school auditorium. With moderating temperature the coal situation grew gradually better and Kokomo escaped without serious results. The position of fuel administrator was one that few could fill, and it was generally conceded that the affairs of this office were conducted in a fair and business-like manner. It was impossible to please all the people, but all will agree that the orders coming from the State and nation were carried out without fear or favor.

Major

One of the first organizations formed after war had been declared was the National Council of Defense, and its subdivisions, one of which was the county unit. It was the duty of this body to keep the national authorities fully informed as to local conditions, and to further all war activities. In fact, it was to be the leader, the organizer, and the guardian of the safety of the people. The members of the Howard County Council were chosen from the citizens about whose loyalty and patriotism there was no question. Much of the work was done quietly, but effectively, and through its influence the fair name of Howard County was never disgraced by disloyal acts. A brief report of the work done was prepared by the chairman of the council, Lloyd McClure, and is as follows :

On May 31, 1917, Judge William C. Overton, of the Howard Circuit Court, named the following as members of the Howard County Council of Defense: Orlando A. Somers, Isabelle Purdum, Alfred S. Thompson, John W. Johnson, John A. Ellis, Ernest Murray and Harvey Lybrook. And at the time of such appointments, designated Orlando Somers as chairman, and Isabelle Purdum, secretary, and head of the women, of the war work of Howard County; John A. Ellis as the representative of labor, and Harvey Lybrook as representative of the farmers.

The above organization remained the same, so far as the records show, until the 13th day of August, 1917, when Mr. Somers forwarded a letter to Chairman Hays of the State Council of Defense, in which he recommended a complete revision of the Howard County Council of Defense and tendered his resignation, Mrs. Purdum having tendered her resignation some time before that date.

On the 24th of September, 1917, Lloyd McClure was appointed by Judge W. C. Overton of the Howard Circuit Court to succeed Mr. Somers as Chairman of the Howard County Council of Defense, and immediately took up the work and assumed charge. At the same time Judge Overton appointed Mrs. Edna C. Snoke as secretary and woman member of the Council to succeed Mrs. Purdum, resigned. And in place of Mr. Ernest Murray of Greentown, Mr. Joseph D. Haworth was appointed, Mr. Murray having asked to be relieved because of his inability to give attention to the matters and duties of the Council.

The Council from that date remained the same until the 11th day of June, 1918, when a complete reorganization of the Council of Defense for Howard County took place, as will hereinafter be referred to.

Sanitation and Medicine: Dr. Edgar Cox, Secretary City Board of Health; Dr. F. N. Murray, County Health Commissioner; Dr. Earl Freeman, Greentown; Dr. H. C. Hart, Russiaville; Dr. A. W. Holcombe, Kokomo.

At the time of the naming of these committees, Samuel Hollingsworth, William Newby, Milton Harpster, Harry Matlock, John Middleton, William Smith, Arley Farrington, Abram Garr, Jacob Stahl and Glen Carter were each designated as Chairmen of Councils of Defense in their respective townships.

At the time of naming the above committees, John B. Joyce was named, and continued to act during the remainder of the war, as manager of the Four-Minute Men, and in that connection rendered very valuable service.

On October 24, 1917, complying with the request of Mr. Evans Woollen, State Fuel Administrator, Lloyd McClure, as chairman, after conferring with members of the County Council of Defense as then constituted, nominated Mr. William H. Turner as County Fuel Administrator for Howard County, and also recommended as a subcommittee with him, Mr. O. H. Buck of the manufacturers; Mr. James P. Davis of the laboring interests; Mr. Oscar C. Smith, President of the Chamber of Commerce, and Mr. Harvey Lybrook to represent the farmers. And this County Council claims that there was no county in the State that had a more efficient Fuel Administration than Howard County, and much credit is due to the time, energy and money that was put into this work by the chairman, Mr. Turner, and by each of his loyal assistants.

On October 27th, complying with the request from Dr. H. E. Barnard, Federal Food Director of Indiana, Dr. J. R. Morgan was recommended as Food Administrator for Howard County, recommending at the same time a sub-committee composed of William P. Huston, wholesale grocer; J. H. Gari*itson, wholesale grocer; J. M. Burrows, retail grocer, and Edward Schaaf, retail grocer, the last two named being residents of Russiaville and Greentown, respectively. Dr. Morgan proved a most efficient Food Director, and we also claim that Howard County was second to none in the handling of the food situation.

On December 10, 1917, upon the request of Mr. N. E. Squibb, of the United States Public Service Reserve, Mr. Millard F. Brand, of Kokomo, was nominated as the United States Public Reserve Enrolling Agent of Howard County. Mr. Brand served until February 16, 1918, and served efficiently, but on the last named date he was compelled to resign by reason of matters over which he had no control, and Mr. John R. Mcintosh was named to succeed him, Mr. Mcintosh serving until the signing of the armistice.

During all of the time from the appointment of Lloyd McClure as chairman in September, 1917, to June, 1918, and even prior to that time, and during the time Mr.

Somers was chairman, the Council of Defense had never assumed any authoiity over the various war organizations, owing to the fact that the various activities had been independently organized, some of them before the first organization of the County Council of Defense. The Red Cross unit, the Liberty Loan work. War Savings Stamps division, Y. M. C. A. organization, Knights of Columbus, Jewish Welfare and all the auxiliary war activities in the county were organized and working separately and doing efficient work in their respective lines. And the County Council of Defense, although intended to be the working center of all these activities, had never been truly a representative body, for the reason that these various organizations were not represented on the County Council of Defense; and in order to get this question of organization, and a closer union between the war working activities, a meeting was called on the 11th day of .June, 1918, by Lloyd McClure as chairman of the County Council of Defense as it then existed, for the purpose of reorganization, to which meeting all of the various representatives of the vv-r.r activities were invited, and the following- organization was perfected: President, Lloyd McClure; Secretary, Mrs. Nellie Dawson;, representative Liberty Loan, Henry C. Davis; Red Cross, Mrs. James C. Patten; Red Cross Work Shop, Mrs. George E. Bruner; Food Administration, Dr. James R. Morgan; Fuel, William H. Turner; Labor, James Burrows; W. S. S., J. E. Frederick; American Protective League, O. H. Buck; Knights of Columbus, J. W. Johnson; Jewish Welfare Society, J. S. Levi; Y. M. C. A., George W. Landon; Chamber of Commerce, W. H. Arnett; Boys' Working Re.'^erve, Will Power; United States Public Service Reserve, John R. Mcintosh; Howard County at large, C. S. Wadman, Russiaville; J. D. Haworth, Greentown; H. O. Lybrook, Ervin Township; C. B. Tudor, Oakford.

The organization as above perfected continued to be the County Council of Defense from that date, and had regular meetings on the first Tuesday of each month, sessions being held in the Council Chamber or the Chamber of Commerce rooms at 4 p. m. on said day.

The purpose of the County Council of Defense was to encourage all war activities, and to assist in carrying out all the war activities, and place Howard County on a war basis, at all times demanding that the obligations of every citizen of Howard County were sacredly equal. And that every individual must of necessity be loyal and patriotic and willing to sacrifice, if need be, for the cause of his country.

There probably should be added to this report a statement relative to the Construction Committee. The Construction Committee was one of the most important committees of the Council of Defense, in that it had general charge and supervision and power to prohibit or permit construction of public and private work, and it should be stated that the Construction Committee of this Council, as above set out, was especially complimented by the State Council of Defense for its work and accomplishments in this county; and we were able to, receive, by reason of the confidence placed by the State Council of Defense, the closest and most courteous co-operation of the State Council of Defense in all our activities along that line.

It should also be said in this report that Mrs. Nellie Dawson, who wa.s named secretary in the last organization, and by virtue of that office head of the women's work of this county, that she worked diligently and faithfully to perfect an organization, but was greatly handicapped in her work owing to the fact that she assumed the duties in the middle of the work, and received very little co-operation or assistance from the outgoing Secretary, who left the county and State, and, it is to be regretted, did not leave an accurate record of her work up to the time of her resignation.

Purchasing Aoeht Red Cross

One of the most popular organizations and one to which most people contributed was the Red Cross. During the early summer of 1917 a representative of the National Red Cross organization came to Kokomo to organize a Howard County chapter. A few interested persons in that work met in a preliminary meeting and formed a temporary organization with Dr. Will J. Martin as chairman. Later as the demand for Red Cross work increased it became necessary to form a permanent organization, which was done, and Henry C. Davis was elected county chairman. A membership drive was started June 12, 1917, to secure at least six thousand additional members. After a week of preliminary educational campaign was conducted, the drive began. Committees were sent from Kokomo to organize the townships, so that when the drive started it would be an easy matter to get members. There were five kinds of memberships offered: annual, $1.00; subscribing, $2.00; contributing, $5.00 ; sustaining, $10.00 ; life, $2.5.00 ; patron, $100.00. This was a new work for all the people, but the exigencies of the times demanded immediate action if we were to help the boys who were going to camp. The quota was easily reached.

The second task assigned Howard County was the raising of $25,000, one-fourth to be used for local purposes and the remainder to go to the national organization, which was equipping hospitals, caring for the wounded soldiers, and assisting their dependent families. A number of citizens were called to the Chamber of Commerce headquarters, where the matter was discussed. Some doubted the advisability of the undertaking. The committee was about to take unfavoi-able action when two members arrived who had been detained. The question was put to them, and both expressed the opinion that it was not only the patriotic duty to raise the amount, but it could and must be done. From that time the success of the campaign was assured. Kokomo took as her share $20,000, and $5,000 was apportioned to the townships. More than $26,000 was subscribed. The next membership quota was easily reached. Again in June, 1918, a call was made for $30,000. This amount was apportioned among the different political divisions of the county, and the full amount was raised, one-fourth being retained to meet the needs of the local chapter.

The Red Cross workshop had its inception in May, 1917, when the Tuesday Club decided to organize a Red Cross unit, and invited the women of other organizations to join in the work. The first meeting was held

May 9, 1917, in the Department Club rooms. More than two hundred women assembled for active work. Since the organization was not in conformity with the rules of the National Red Cross Society, it became necessary to start anew in order to have official recognition. Accordingly plans were obtained and the local workshop was organized with Mrs. George Bruner chairman. She served until October, 1917, when Mrs. J. C. Patten took charge. Mrs. D. C. Jenkins had acted as the first treasurer, but when she went away for the summer, Mrs. W. J. McElwain was named to fill this place. Commodious quarters were opened in the Broadlick Building on West Sycamore street. The shop was a busy place until the work was discontinued in the spring of 1919. Day after day the women met for weeks and months - sewing, cutting and knitting for the soldiers. So popular did knitting become that it was no uncommon sight to see this work done at socials, on trains, and a few even took their knitting to church. Those who toiled there will never know how much good they accomplished - indeed it cannot be measured. The influence was felt by the boys in the front-line trenches; it gave comfort to those in the hospital; it soothed the wounded and it blessed the dying. It was the crystalization of all the supreme ideals which unselfishly ministered to a suffering world.

Shipping Report

Executive Committee: In addition to the officers: Dr. W. J. Martin, Kokomo: C. S. Wadman, Russiaville; J. E. Fulwider, Greentown; Mrs. G. D. Jay, Mrs. John Toomey, Mrs. L. C. Hoss, Kokomo.

Volunteer Medical Service Corps

Early in 1918 it was apparent that, if the war continued, there would not be enough physicians to properly care for the army hospitals in this country and the civilian population. So many physicians had been accepted for overseas service that many communities were left entirely without medical aid, and in other places there were not enough physicians to care for the regular medical practice. In order to meet this situation the Volunteer Medical Service Corps was organized and all the physicians of the country were asked to offer their services. They were not required to go overseas, but they obligated themselves to go any place in the United States where their services were most needed, whether it be in a cantonment or a community. It was also understood by those under 55 years of age who joined the service corps that they would accept a commission if it should be tendered to them either in the army or navy. Howard County's physicians responded almost to a man. Dr. J. L. Puckett, a veteran of the Civil War, volunteered as quickly as did the younger men. A number of the physicians were in the regular service and their names appear elsewhere in this book. Dr. 0. D. Hutto volunteered, but received his commission about the time the armistice was signed and was never mustei-ed into the sei'vice.

The chairman of the local corps was Dr. James W. Wright. In compiling the list of members, the records of Dr. Frank B. Wynn, Chairman State Executive Committee, were consulted. The following physicians were from Kokomo, Indiana;

From the day Company E left Kokomo foi- the Mexican Border until the last soldier returned from overseas, Kokomo's Young- Men's Christian Association stood ready with its entire organization and equipment to co-operate in any and all wai' work. In its rooms committees from the different war organizations met and outlined their campaigns. Lodgings and lunches were furnished the boys at reduced rates. Meals and a plunge in the pool were offered free to groups of soldiers in transit. And when the soldiers returned from overseas they were given a six months' free membership.

When the local association cast about for a leader during the war, it was unanimously agreed that George W. Landon, who had given so many years to the work, and had been its president since its organization, should be the county director. Associated with him were a number of the leading citizens of the community, who under his able leadership put the "Y" work of Howard County second to none in the State.

The first campaign to raise funds for the Y. M. C. A. was conducted May 20-28, 1917. Howard County was in a district with Carroll and Clinton Counties. The allotments were: Howard, $3,500; Clinton, $1,050; Carroll, $650. For this small amount it was not deemed advisable to make a general canvass, but a committee composed of George W. Landon, chairman; H. P. Voorhies, secretary, and J. R. Morgan, treasurer, was delegated to raise the quota in this county. The amount was easily subscribed as follows: Howard, $3,732.50; Clinton, $1,599.55; Carroll, $683.07.

The district organization for the second campaign, Nov. 11-19, 1917, was as follow-s: District chairman, J. E. Fredrick; district campaign director, H. P. Voorhies; district treasurer, Richard Ruddell ; district campaigii director for boys. Will G. Power, all of Kokomo. The officers of the county organization were: Chairman, George W. Landon; campaign director, A. T. Snoke; treasurer, J. R. Morgan; campaign director for boys, C. E. Hinshaw. The allotment for How^ard County was $20,000 and the amount subscribed was $24,164.89. The other county allotments and subscriptions were: Cass, $13,000 - $14,016.88; Clinton, $12,000 - $18,577.54; Carroll, $7,000 - $8,500.

they were located within the range of the enemy's guns. In the huts all soldiers were made welcome. They furnished a lounging place for those off duty, where they could write letters or read the newspapers and magazines which were supplied. All sorts of games and amusements were planned for the boys in order to help divert the minds of the soldiers for even a short time from the stern realities of war. Without these places of rest and amusement, the life of the soldier would have been almost intolerable.

The national war work council of the Y. M. C. A. immediately took steps to care for the service men upon their return to their homes. A three months' membership was furnished free to all local associations, and secretaries assisted in replacing the men in their old jobs or in more lucrative positions, and in obtaining places for them to live.

The work in Howard County was under the direction of Robert E. Clee, a returned soldier, and in many respects it was better than in other counties. Instead of only a three months' free membership, the local board of directors extended the membership to six months, and within five months' time 526 men of the county had taken advantage of this offer and were using the privileges granted to them.

More than a hundred men applied for help in getting work, and in all cases they were placed. The local business men co-operated in this work. Several hundred soldiers were accommodated with comfortable rooms, and those who could not get rooms in the Y. M. C. A. building were placed in good homes in the city. Beds were added to the dormitory until seventy-eight men were furnished with comfortable, "homey" rooms. Between twenty-five and fifty men were always on the waiting list.

A number of entertainments were given for the benefit of the service men. Perhaps the most pretentious one was a lobby stunt April 11, 1919, at which time there were over three hundred present. The gymnasium entertainment given three weeks later by fifty service men was witnessed by more than four hundred persons. A camp-fire meeting with a "hot dog" roast and "smoker" was held for the service men the latter part of June in Learner's woods.

Soldiers, sailors and marines visiting in Kokomo, or home on furlough, found a genuine welcome in the "Y," and they .were given ail privileges free during their stay in the city.

The Y. M. C. A. will continue to serve these men as the years go by. Good fellowship, Christian environment and fair dealing will go far in helping them get back into the community life. The Y. M. C. A. is the community center and general meeting place for the men who live in this county, and a home for the men away fi'om home.

Knights Of Columbus

were erected where a large number of troops were stationed, and everything possible was done to make it pleasant and comfortable for the soldiers. The expense of this undertaking was borne by the members of the organization, to which the Kokomo council contributed most liberally. On May 20, 1917, a great patriotic meeting was held in the high school auditorium in the city of Kokomo, where a number of speakers were present, among whom were Charles M. Niezer, Patrick O'Donnell, Rev. Robert J. Pratt, J. W. Johnson and John B. Joyce. The large audience was profoundly impressed by the intense patriotic and loyal spirit which permeated the meeting.

In the first national drive for a million dollars, the allotment for Kokomo was $1,700. This amount was easily raised during the week of July 23-29 by a committee composed of J. W. Johnson, chairman ; J. B. Joyce, chairman publicity, and J. P. Grace, treasurer. The amount subscribed was $2,575.

Following the Second Liberty Loan drive the latter part of May, 1918, the Knights of Columbus started a campaign to raise $30,000,000 for war work purposes. The quota for Howard County was $12,000, and the amount subscribed was $15,319.75. The personnel of the committee which raised the fund was made up of some of the leading business men of Kokomo. J. W. Johnson was made chairman, and no better selection could have been made. J. P. Grace, treasurer; D. E. Murphy, secretary; J. B. Joyce, publicity director. Other members of the committee were A. G. Seiberling, George W. Landon, J. E. Fredrick, H. C. Davis, Richard Ruddell, Fred Macke, A. L. Thalman, James C. Patten, W. H. Turner, W. H. McCarty, Elwood Haynes, Henry Bergman, Rev. R. J. Pratt, Gus Vandenbosch, Frank McCarty, W. S. Toomey, George W. Stidger, S. S. Shambaugh, J. E. Williams, J. F. Dwyer, Sidney Stern, Martin Coady, George F. Stahl, A. H. Stewart, 0. M. Booher, Tom Williams and Karl Krebser.

Members of this organization worked faithfully in all other war activities, giving of their time and means. The local council had fiftyeight of its members in the war, representing all branches of the service. Four volunteered and were accepted for war work secretaries, but only two were permitted to go. They were, Rudolph Henger to Camp Shelby, Miss., and Frank McClanahan to Fort Benjamin Harrison, who remained on duty until the army was demobilized.

The work of the Knights of Columbus was not confined to the States, but huts were erected along the western front in France, and all soldiers were made welcome. Tobacco and chocolate were given freely to the boys as they went to the front-line trenches. Boxing and wrestling matches were staged, as well as many other forms of amusement, to help keep up the morale of the army. Free stationery was furnished the boys, and the secretaries often helped them with their correspondence, and made sure that their letters were directed to the proper destination.

Four Minute Speaker Dr.E.T1.Land0N

This organization, with others of lilve character and purposes, did a great amount of good, and without their services the men in the camps and at the front would have been deprived of many of the kixuries that made hfe more agreeable.

In the first fund raised by the Jewish Welfare Relief Committee, A. L. Thalman was president, and Sig Leon secretary and treasurer. Three hundred and eighty-six dollars were raised for Jewish sufferers in the allied countries. In the second campaign, the amount subscribed was $2,475. In these campaigns the money had been raised by private subscription. However, in the third campaign, which was launched after peace was declared, the i^eople of Howard County were asked to contribute $15,000. A short, vigorous campaign was made under the able leadership of J. W. Johnson, county chairman. Ons public meeting v/as held at . which Alvah J. Rucker, prosecuting attorney at Indianapolis, made the principal address. Local speakers included: George W. Landon, John B. Joyce and Elwood Haynes.

Salvation Army

At a meeting held at the Y. M. C. A., March 28, 1918, the business men of Kokomb decided to raise $1,000, the allotment for Howard County in the drive for the Salvation Army. Elwood Haynes presided, and a committee was appointed which raised in a short time $1,081. In the spring of 1919 a drive for $5,000 was started. The slogan "He may be down, but is never out," met with favor, and everyone seemed eager to help. The Elks Lodge took over the management of the campaign and raised within a single day more than $7,000. Little was known of the real work of the Salvation Army until the soldiers began to I'eturn from overseas with glowing stories of the sacrifice and heroism displayed by the army workers. There seemed to be no hardship so severe and no danger so great that they hesitated to endure if it would give aid and comfort to soldiers. Their deeds of mercy and their devotion to duty will long remain as a pleasant memory in the minds of those who were the recipients of their kindness.

Library Drive

On Oct. 3, 1917, an organization was formed to raise $850 which was to be used to purchase books and magazines for the soldiers. J. E. Fredrick, president of the library board, was temporary chairman. The officers who served were: Chairman, Mrs. L. M. Knepple; secretary, Miss Ruth M. Miller; treasurer, Rev. David H. Shields. A committee to solicit funds was selected', composed of Mrs. A. B. Armstrong, Mrs.

W. E. Sollenberger, 0. M. Booher, H. M. Lynch and C. V. Hawovth. The Psi Iota Xi, as an organization, took the downtown district. The amount raised was $821, and in addition to this 2,200 books were sent to war camps.

Instead of having set drives later, there were four or five successful calls for books. In this way 1,200 more books were sent away. Two hundred and fifty were collected by the W. C. T. U., and they were permitted to send them to the hospital for disabled soldiers at West Baden, Ind. The Ladies' Aid Society of Grace M. E. Church gave fifty volumes of new fiction. The Daughters of the American Revolution contributed more than one hundred books. Whenever the library announced that there was a need of books for the soldiers, immediately a supply would be furnished by the book-lovers of the county. Within two weeks after each call in the newspapers, the boxes would be filled. The librarian, Mrs. W. E. Sollenberger, wishes to make special mention of the following workers who gathered books to be sent away: Mrs. J. E. Fredrick, Mrs. Henry C. Davis, Mrs. M. F. Brand, Mrs. M. R. Doyan, Mrs. J. C. Patten and Mrs. Almedia B. Waltz. In the lobby of the library was a table where magazines were left to be sent to camps. In this way thousands of copies were forwarded to proper destinations.

United War Work

During the summer of 1918 the different war organizations of the counti-y decided to combine their forces in one drive, and raise a sufficiently large sum of money to meet the needs of each one for one year. On Oct. 24, 1918, at a called meeting, the representatives of the various groups met at the Y. M. C. A. It was decided to raise $65,000. The organizations and their representatives included : Y. M. C. A., George W. Landon; Y. W. C. A., Mrs. W. C. Purdum; K. of C, John B. Joyce; Salvation Army, Peter Parsons; American Library Association, David H. Shields; Jewish Welfare Board, A. L. Thalman ; War Camp Community Service, C. C. Shirley.

C. H. Wills was elected chairman for Howard County; C. C. Shirley, vice-chairman; Orville St. John, secretary; Fred L. Trees, treasurer; Harry M. Lynch, director of publicity.

At the close of the campaign Nov. 21, 1918, the total amount raised was $28,763.79. The committee recommended that the remainder of the amount called for be taken from the provisional tax levy.

United States Boys' Working Reserve

The labor situation in this country became acute when thousands of the young men were withdrawn fi'om active industrial and agricultural pursuits and placed in military and naval forces. To meet such a condition, a supply of new labor of non-militaiy age had to l)e found. The only source from which it could be drawn was from among the boys between the ages of sixteen and twenty. Such a plan was thought to be feasible, so an organization was formed, known as the United States Boys' Working Reserve, with a director for each county, appointed by the County Council of Defense. Howard County was fortunate in having Will Power selected as its director, who with unbounded enthusiasm and efficient management placed Howard among the first counties of the State in actual work accomplished. The following report was prepared by Mr. Power:

Due to the heavy demand for men by the government, the farms were deserted to such an extent that those left at home were unable to handle the many responsibilities of the farm. Many factories, some of them handling large war orders, were struggling along with depleted forces. It was the object of the Reserve to recruit boys and train them to fill the places left vacant by the men who were called into the service of their country.

The Boys' Working Reserve was conducted by the Department of Labor of the United States. The county directors reached every family within their territory. About two hundred boys in Howard County signed for work either on the farms or in the factories. Most of these boys were placed in or near Howard County. Large groups were sent to Windfall and Austin, Ind., to help save the tomato crops. According to the statements of the owners of these crops, they would have lost the entire crop had it not been for the Boys of the Reserve. Thirty-five boys were assigned to the Kokomo Steel and Wire Company to help get out a large war order.

All boys serving with the Reserve for sixty days were presented with a bronze service pin by the Department of Labor. Fifty Howard County boys received this badge of honor. Following is the list of those for 1917-1918 on the Howard County Roll of Honor: Kokomo boys: Har-old Ault, Russell Butcher, Leonard Browers, Claude Butcher, George Ehrman, Horace Edwards, Frank Fenn, Evei-ett Kidder, Harry Locke, William Marvin Peters, Everett Pettay, .James Rice, Arthur B. Swinney, Charles Weger, Samuel William Smelter, William Marion Peters, Charles Richmond Harlan, Owen Meridith Stevens, Clarence M. Kenworthy, Marvin H. Bennett, Walter Smith, and William A. Batey. Russiaville: Ora Cooper, Dewey Foreman, Clarence Kenworthy, Peter Donald Townsend, Clarence McKinley Cunningham. Greentown: James' Carr, James David, Roy Green, Wayne Johnson, George Kirkendall, Fred Morgan, Raymond Pickett, Samuel Smeltzer, Edmund Seagrave, George Wesley Kirkendall, James Harold Summers, Ray Walter Green, Ford Albert Morgan, James Whilney Carr, Owen Rust. Oakford: Dallas Croddy. New London: Alvin Osborne, Elbert Tucker. Hemlock: Anderson Fenn, Fred Earl Shuck. Cassville: Clarence Morgan.

Victory Boys And Girls

Every boy and girl in the United States was asked to earn and give $5 for the benefit of the army camp fund, and Nov. 11, 1918, was designated as the day to enroll in victory classes. A special victory button and banner was to be given when the amount was paid. Every boy and girl who succeeded in signing five others was to receive the title of "ace," and a banquet was to be given at the close of the drive for the "aces." Will G. Power was selected as district director, C. E. Hinshaw was county director of boys, and Miss Julia Russell was county director for girls. At the close of the campaign it was found that the pupils in Room 300 of the Kokomo high school had won, the girls leading with forty subscriptions. The total amount raised was almost $2,000. The "aces" who partook of the banquet at the Y. M. C. A., Dec. 4, 1918, were: Wilfred Bryant, Paissell Burrows, Esther Carter, William Graham, Miriam Hamilton, Starley Hunter, Wendell Newsom, John William Puckett, Wayne Seaver, Walter Smith, Gertrude Ton. Talks were made by Rev. Otis A. Smith, Will Power, Charles Walk, C. E. Hinshaw and Miss Russell. The boys raised $930, while the girls contributed $1,028.50. Total, $1,958.50.

Four-Minute Speakers

Four-minute speakers were called upon to give talks at the various theatres and many public meetings. Men and women were asked to present, in not more than four minutes, the many patriotic movements launched by the government and the various relief organizations.

In addition to the foregoing, there were calls for speakers at many meetings of clubs, lodges and various organizations, where there was a need for a brief presentation of many patriotic subjects. The librarian and committee chairmen have furnished the following list of speakers for such meetings, although these were not called "four-minute" speakers: Mrs. C. H. Brown, Mrs. Fred L. Trees, Miss Mary Winfield, Miss Jessamine Armstrong, Mrs. Edwin Greeson, Mrs. L. N. Parker, Mrs. J. M. Todhunter, Mrs. 0. 0. Butcher, Mrs. E. L. Danner, Mrs. Frank Graves, Mrs. Julia J. Davis, Miss Elsie Schnewind, Mrs. G. D. Jay, Miss Kathleen Cooper, Mrs. Julia Griffin, Miss Helen Ross, Mrs. Ruth Ross Herrman, Mrs. Minnie Burrows, Mrs. F. S. Wilier. Mrs. George B. Lindsay, Mrs. W. 0. Finch, Mrs. J. B. Reagan, Mrs. T. A. Delo, Miss Sara Strayer, Mrs. Abbie Hollopeter, Mrs. Minnie Burrows, Miss Effie Lee, Mrs. Casper Butler and Mrs. John Tooniey.

Chamber Of Commerce

Perhaps there was no organization in the county that did not contribute something- toward the success of the war. There was one, however, which by the very nature and scope of its work took part in nearly all war work. There was no undertaking for war purposes but what either the Chamber of Commerce or some of its members had a prominent part. Its presidents, 0. C. Smith and J. E. Fredrick, were public-spirited men, and together with W. H. Arnett, its efficient secretary, were active in all war activities. The chamber conducted civilian relief work among the families of dependent soldiers, and served as a clearing house for all the war organizations in the county. When the boys returned home, an employment bureau was operated, and no soldier who applied for work was turned away without a job. It helped maintain a manufacturing bureau in Washington, D. C, which aided in securing contracts for local concerns. Mr. Charles Muckenhern was the representative of the local industries. The members of the employment bureau were A. V. Conradt, John B. Joyce and Patrick Maloney. These men were broad-minded, sympathetic and patriotic ; they had a clear vision of the workingmen's problem and materially aided in stabilizing labor problems.

American Protective League

There was an organization that played an important part in the history of Howard County about which people knew very little. The members worked quietly, but they knew every alien enemy, every move made by those under suspicion, and they investigated every person reported to be pro-German in his sympathies. So carefully were these investigations made that two suspects were traced from their home along the Rhine to Sweden, across to England, then to New York, Akron, 0., and finally to Kokomo, Ind. ; but when their records were fully investigated it proved to be a case for charity rather than the stern arm of the law. Two suspects were quietly sent out of town and one transient was made to prove his identity. At one time there were two persons employed in local manufacturing concerns where war materials were made, whose actions brought them under suspicion. Although they were never taken into custody, they were so closely guarded that they never had an opportunity to damage the plants or hinder production.

The name of this organization was the American Protective League. It received its authority directly from the Department of Justice. Its membership was composed of sixty men, chosen from every walk of life, for their courage and patriotism. They served without pay and their actions were prompted wholly by patriotic motives.

The organization known as the Howard County Vigilance Society had for its slogan, "One hundred per cent American." Its activities were largely confined to the investigation of reported disloyal acts and utterances. Beginning with the first Sunday in September, 1918, and for a number of Sundays thereafter, members of this organization patrolled street intersections in the down-town districts and the main highway crossings in the county on gasless Sundays. All persons driving cars were stopped and admonished to obey the government restrictions in the use of gasoline, unless their mission was one of necessity or for religious pui-poses.

One morning soon after the Fourth Liberty Loan campaign had ended, a number of names of alleged "slackers" appeared on a large yellow bulletin board located on the southeast corner of the court house yard. Naturally this caused considerable comment, and the sentiment was divided as to the wisdom of this method of procedure. There were rumors of damage suits, but the whole incident was quietly dropped when the board was removed from the public square.

Women'S Organizations

The women of Howard County gave of their time and strength just as freely as did the men. They not only assisted in drives but carried on the relief work, which was a never-ending task. In the home, in the church and in the shop the women worked faithfully. They supported French orphans, collected food for the Belgians and clothing for the Armenians. It was remarkable how quickly the women revised the family budget to meet the ever-increasing cost of living, and adjusted themselves to war-time food regulations.

Some of the women's organizations were inactive during the war and their members devoted their time to Red Cross work. However, some of them worked independently and accomplished great good, and no war history of the county would be complete without a report of their activities.

Clara Barton Sunday-School Class

The Clara Barton Sunday-School Class gave to the Red Cross their annual dues of $49.00, and in addition to this gave $66.25. They completed 722 articles for the Red Cross Shop.