Huntington County, Indiana - Chapter 10: Military History, 1914

Early Militia System - War with Mexico - The Civil War - Divided Sentiment in Huntington County - Call for Volunteers - Hunt¬ ington Prompt to Respond - First Company off for the Front - Thirteenth Regiment - Other Regiments in Which Huntington County was Represented - Rosters of Troops - Fourteenth Bat¬ tery of Light Artillery - Miscellaneous Enlistments - Indiana Legion - Roll of Honor - Work of Citizens at Home - War with Spain - Huntington Sends a Company.

Unfortunately many of the pages in the story of human progress are stained with accounts of deeds of conflict, devastation and bloodshed. Wars of conquest have been prosecuted by stronger nations against weaker ones; others have been fomented by ambitious persons for selfaggrandizement ; still others have been brought about by great interests for selfish ends, but the great wars of history have been those waged for human liberty and political enfranchisement. It has been said that "War brings a spirit of patriotism that cannot be developed by any other means." Whether or not this be true, it is a well established fact that the military history of a country forms one of its most interesting and entrancing chapters.

The old adage, "In time of peace prepare for war," was observed by the founders of the American Republic when, soon after the adoption of the Constitution, Congress passed an act providing for the enrollment of all able-bodied male citizens between the ages of eighteen and fortyfive years, except in certain cases, as the nation 's militia. The men thus enrolled were to be formed into companies, regiments, brigades and divisions, with the proper commanding officers, in accordance with such regulations as the legislatures of the several states might provide. This law was still in force when Indiana was admitted into the Union, and in the constitution of the state, adopted in 1816, it was provided that the governor should be commander-in-chief of the militia of the state, and that all military officers should be appointed and commissioned by him. In the early days of statehood there was some reason for main- taining an active militia, but with the departure of the Indians for reservations in the Far West, interest in military subjects waned and the people of the state turned their attention to husbandry.

About eleven years after Huntington County was organized, the United States became involved in a dispute with Mexico over the annexa¬ tion of Texas to this country. Peaceable adjustment of the difficulty was out of the question, and on May 11, 1846, President Polk issued a proclamation declaring that a state of war existed between the United States and Mexico. Congress, being in session at the time, immediately authorized the president to call for 50,000 volunteers, and on May 23, 1846, Governor James Whitcomb called upon the militia of Indiana for four regiments of infantry - two for immediate service and two to be held in reserve. In Huntington County the total number of votes cast for President in 1844 was 602. There is no record of any attempt having been made to organize a company in the county for the Mexican war, though a number of Huntington men enlisted in Capt. John M. Wilson's company, which was organized chiefly in the counties of Miami, Wabash and Huntington, and others joined a company that was formed at Fort Wayne. It is to be regretted that the old muster rolls of these companies have not been preserved, but without them it is impossible to show who enlisted from the county.

During practically the entire first half of the nineteenth century the slavery question was a "bone of contention" in nearly every session of the United States Congress. Many thought the dispute was settled by the act known as the Missouri Compromise in 1820, but at the close of the Mexican war the old controversy broke out afresh, and the meas¬ ure known as the "Omnibus Bill," of 1850, was passed. Four years later the whole subject was revived and Congress passed the Kansas- Nebraska bill, but instead of bringing peace it only added fuel to the flames. The political campaign of 1860 was one of the most hotly con¬ tested the country ever experienced. In that campaign nearly every township in Huntington County had its company of republican "Wide Awakes" or its democratic "Old Hickory" Club. The vote of the county in that year was 1,604 for Lincoln and Hamlin ; 1,402 for Douglas and Johnson, and 54 for Breckenridge and Lane.

During the campaign, threats were made by some of the slave states that, in the event of Abraham Lincoln's election to the presidency, they would withdraw from the Union. The people of the North were inclined to believe that these threats were made merely for political effect and would not be carried out, but they were somewhat rudely awakened on December 20, 1860, when a state convention in South Carolina passed an ordinance of secession. Public sentiment in Huntington County, as well as elsewhere throughout the North, was divided on the question. Some were in favor of permitting the slave states to withdraw peaceably from the Union and establish a republic of their own, in which the institution of slavery should be one of the cardinal principles of government. Others insisted that no state had a constitutional right to secede and that to attempt to do so was treason, in which case the general govern¬ ment had the right to compel such state to renew its allegiance to the Federal Union. On December 27, 1860, just a week after the secession ordinance had been passed by South Carolina, and while the public mind was in this unsettled state, the Huntington Democrat, edited at that time by Winters & Kocher, said editorially:

"We are free to confess that we favor the right of secession. In our opinion any state has, or ought to have, a perfect right to withdraw from the Union."

What influence was brought to bear upon the editors to show them the "error of their way" is not known, but they evidently discovered that their position was unpopular, for in the very next issue the Demo¬ crat said: "No man should cry disunion - he who does so is a traitor to his country."

But the editors of the Democrat were not alone in their unsettled state of mind. All over the North were men who, upon hearing some one argue in favor of a peaceable separation, would espouse the cause of secession, and later, when they fell under the spell of the opposite side, would quickly reverse their opinion. A few were positively settled in their opinions, many were firm in their views, but were open to con¬ viction, while perhaps the majority could not determine what was best to do under the circumstances.

On February 16, 1861, a Union mass meeting was convened at Hunt¬ ington. Samuel MeCaughey was chosen to preside and Samuel F. Winter and H. B. Sayler wTere elected secretaries. Upon motion of Lambden P. Milligan a committee on resolutions, consisting of three republicans, three Douglas democrats and one Breckenridge democrat, was appointed. The republicans selected H. B. Sayler, M. B. Brandt and Isaac DeLong; the Douglas democrats to serve on the committee were L. P. Milligan, W. G. Sutton and W. B. Loughridge; and John R. Coffroth represented the Breckenridge following. As might have been expected, the committee was unable to agree upon a series of resolutions, and majority and minority reports were submitted to the mass convention. The majority report was as follows :

"Resolved, 1st. That the provisions of the constitution are ample for the preservation of the Union and the protection of all the material interests of the country ; that it needs to be obeyed rather than amended, and that the best security for the perpetuity of our glorious Union is to be found in the speedy return to an observance of the constitutional rights and the performance of constitutional duties of every section of the Union in a spirit of fraternal forbearance and patient tolerance of the opinions of others.

"2nd. But in view of the fact that no recurrence to first principles can be expected from the present state of public opinion, we recommend such course as will best preserve the peace and avert the calamities of threatened civil war, and we think the best mode of effecting so desirable an end is to exhaust all efforts for a reconciliation, and when that has failed let our brethren depart in peace.

"3d. That it is the duty of the Federal Government, in all its de¬ partments, to protect, when necessary, the property of the citizens of the United States, in the territories, on the high seas, and wherever else its constitutional authority extends.

"4th. That common courtesy, as well as good faith, demands that our southern brethren shall have secured to them the rights of transit through and temporary sojourn in all the states of the Confederacy, with their property, without the same being interfered with or their right to it impaired.

"5th. Congress shall have no power to regulate, or control, within the states, the relations established or recognized by the law of any state, respecting persons held for service or labor therein.

"6th. Congress shall have no power to abolish slavery in the navy yards, arsenals, forts or other places ceded to the United States in such states where slavery now exists, except by the consent of said states.

' ' 7th. Congress shall have no power to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia without the consent of a majority of the inhabitants thereof, and the states of Maryland and Virginia.

"10th. That we, the citizens of Huntington county, in view of the present distracted state of the country, rather than encounter the evils^ of dissolution of our glorious Union, are willing to yield up all party ties and party platforms and meet our brethren of every party upon any common ground that will preserve the Union of states and secure us a republican form of government."

This report was signed by Milligan, Loughridge, Coffroth and Sutton. The minority report, which was signed by Sayler, Brandt and DeLong was as follows: for the preservation of the Union and the protection of the material interests of the country ; that it needs to be obeyed rather than amended, and that an extrication from our present dangers is to be looked for in strenuous efforts to preserve the peace, protect the public property and enforce the laws, rather than in new guaranties for particular interests, compromises for particular difficulties, or concessions to unreasonable demands.

"2nd. That all attempts to dissolve the present Union, or to over¬ throw or abandon the constitution, with the hope or expectation of con¬ structing a new one, are dangerous, illusory and destructive ; that in the opinion of this meeting no such reconstruction is practicable, and there¬ fore, to the maintenance of the existing Union and constitution should be directed all the energies of all departments of the government, and the efforts of all good citizens.

' ' 3d. That the natural condition of the territories is freedom ; and that Congress has the constitutional power, and should exercise it, to preserve the territories in that condition, observing and protecting the rights of property in existence in any territory that may be acquired, in the acquisition thereof, but such territory shall not be acquired without the concurrent vote of two-thirds of the United States Senate and House of Representatives."

The majority report was adopted, though a large number of those participating voted for the minority report, and the convention ad¬ journed without having brought the question any nearer to a settlement in the county than it was before the meeting assembled. Similar meet¬ ings were held all over the country, and in most instances met with the same result. People would adopt resolutions expressive of compromise, but were slow to surrender their own opinions in order to secure that compromise.

After the first company had departed for the front, the divided set¬ tlement in Huntington County again became manifest. Republicans ostracized democrats by refusing to have dealings with them or to employ them in any capacity, and vice versa. Persons who had lived side by side for years ceased to be neighbors and frequently refused to speak to each other. In this respect the county was no worse than some other localities, as opponents to the war and southern sympathizers were to be found all over the North, but in Huntington the opposition was more open in its expressions. In a democratic convention at Hunt¬ ington on June 1, 1861, after Mr. Lincoln had been President for nearly three months, the dissatisfaction with his administration found expres¬ sion in the following resolutions : framers of the Constitution that the Union should be held together by force; that patriotism and fraternal love were the ligaments by which they hoped to hold it together, and when these fail, and when all efforts to compromise the difficulties are exhausted, the only policy to be pur¬ sued is a peaceable separation of the opposing elements and a treaty of amity between them as independent nations.

"That we have no sympathy with the cause of secession, and do not believe that in the election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency, Aboli¬ tionist and Sectionalist as he was known to be, the Confederate States had any just cause to withdraw from the Union. But the fact is too appar¬ ent, that all patriotic, moral and sensible men must stand appalled at the unscrupulous perfidy his administration has inaugurated ; that per¬ jury and usurpation characterize his public career ; that neither written constitutions nor official oaths afford any guaranty against the licen¬ tiousness of his administration ; that in the wanton and palpable violations of the constitution of the United States ; in the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus; in depriving citizens of liberty and property without due course of law; in the levying of war by the president; in raising an army; in providing and maintaining a navy; in giving a preference in commerce to the parts of one state over another; in the unreasonable search and seizure of persons and papers; in the desecra¬ tion of houses and homes of citizens; in the subjugation of the press; in the prostitution of the telegraph; in the abridgment of the liberty of speech ; and in like wrongs and usurpations we have witnessed the over¬ throw of constitutional liberty in America.

"That we take pride in rendering a cordial support to our govern¬ ment in the exercise of its constitutional functions, without stopping to question their propriety save at the hustings or ballot box, yet our loyalty to our government shall never be prostituted to a sycophantic adulation of a tyrant or a quiet submission to his usurpations."

At this convention James R. Slack, a life-long democrat, who after¬ ward became a bragadier-general in the Union army, offered a series of resolutions declaring that the war was brought on by an abandonment of the teachings and principles of the democratic party; that the gov¬ ernment had always pursued a course of kindness toward and made concessions to the slave power; that it was not the purpose of the national administration to interfere with the domestic institutions of any state, etc., but were promptly laid on the table and the ones above quoted were adopted by the convention. In studying the language of these resolutions, the reference to the "abridgment of the liberty of speech" seems strangely out of place. Had such resolutions been adopted by any meeting in Russia, instead of free America, the author of the resolutions and the members of the convention adopting them would no doubt have been sentenced to the Siberian mines. But in this country, where the people are the source of political power, public officials from the President down can be criticised in almost any form of language and no notice is taken of it. So it was in .this case.

On September 28, 1861, a republican convention met at Huntington, with William Hunter presiding and J. R. Mills acting as secretary. Among the resolutions was one declaring :

' ' That we will sustain the government in the present war to put down the rebellion and to sustain the supremacy of the constitution of our country ; disclaiming all desire to interfere with the domestic institutions of any state, as we are equally opposed to all the enemies of our con¬ stitution, be they Rebels, Rebel sympathizers, or Garrisonian Aboli¬ tionists. ' '

This resolution, coming so soon after what President Lincoln had written to Horace Greeley, of the New York Tribune, that it was not his intention to interfere with slavery if he could save the Union without adopting such a course, had a double significance - that it was not the purpose of the national administration to free the slaves, but that the Union must be preserved at all hazards.

The opposition to Lincoln's administration and the prosecution of the war culminated in the organization variously known as the Sons of Liberty, the Knights of the Golden Circle, and the Order of American Knights. In 1864 Gen. H. B. Carrington learned the secrets of this organization and late in August Harrison B. Dodd, the grand commander in Indiana, was arrested for treason. A little later William A. Bowles, Lambdin P. Milligan, Andrew Humphreys, Horace Heffren and Stephen Horsey were also arrested on a similar charge. Milligan was a promi¬ nent lawyer of Huntington. It was well known that he was opposed to the war, and is said to have been the author of the resolutions adopted by the convention of June 1, 1861. Dodd succeeded in making his escape from the Federal Building in Indianapolis and fled to Canada, where he remained until after the war was over, when he was pardoned.

The other men were tried by a military commission, composed of Brig.-Gen. Silas Colgrove, Col. William E. McLean, Forty-third Indiana ; Col. John T. Wilder, Seventeenth Indiana; Col. Thomas J. Lucas, Six¬ teenth Indiana; Col. Charles D. Murray, Eighty-ninth Indiana; Col. Benjamin Spooner, Eighty-third Indiana; Col. Richard P. DeHart, One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Indiana, and Col. Ambrose A. Stevens, of the Veteran Reserve Corps. Bowles, Milligan and Horsey were found guilty and sentenced to be hanged, but Edwin M. Stanton, secretary of war, commuted the sentence to imprisonment for life. Mr. Milligan sued out a writ of habeas corpus, which was carried to the Supreme Court of the United States, which tribunal decided that the military commis¬ sion had no jurisdiction. Through the efforts of Governor Morton and other prominent citizens of the state, he was finally pardoned.

It is painful to the historian to write of such events, but they form part of the history of the county and should not be permitted to go unrecorded. In that day, when sectional and party feelings ran high, men would say and do things that in their cooler moments they would studiously have avoided. Neither side was blameless in the strife that existed at the beginning of the war, and, after a lapse of more than half a century, it is to be hoped that the descendants of the men who then were bitter toward each other over issues growing out of the war have forgotten the old animosities and live in harmony as good neighbors and loyal citizens.

In the meantime the secession movement had gained headway. Mississippi seceded on January 9, 1861 ; Florida, January 10th ; Ala¬ bama, January 11th; Georgia, January 19th; Louisiana, January 26th; Texas, February 1st. Hence, when Mr. Lincoln was inaugurated Presi¬ dent on March 4, 1861, he found seven states already in rebellion against his authority as the nation's chief executive. Ordinances of secession were subsequently passed by the states of Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia. Strenuous efforts were made by the slave power to force Kentucky, Missouri and Maryland to withdraw from the Union, but no ordinances of secession were passed by those states.

Maj. Robert Anderson, who was in command of the harbor defenses at Charleston, South Carolina, removed his garrison from Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumter about the beginning of the year 1861, in order to be in a stronger position in the event an attempt should be made to take possession of the defensive works about the city. This act was looked upon by the secessionists as a hostile movement and they immediately began the construction of batteries with a view to reducing Fort Sumter. On January 9, 1861, the steamer Star of the West, an unarmed vessel carrying supplies to Major Anderson and his men, was fired upon and compelled to turn back before the supplies were deliv¬ ered. In the official record this incident is regarded as the beginning of the great Civil war, but the general public was not thoroughly aroused to the gravity of the situation until three months later.

At 4:30 o'clock on the morning of Friday, April 12, 1861, the first shot of the Civil war, as popularly understood, went crashing against the solid walls of Fort Sumter. It was fired by Edmund Ruffin, a gray¬ haired Virginian and a personal and political friend of John C. Calhoun. The little garrison promptly responded, and for more than forty-eight hours the cannonading went on, when Major Anderson capitulated. He and his men were permitted to retire from the fort with all the honors of war, saluting the flag before it was hauled down. This occurred on Sunday, April 14, 1861, and the next day President Lincoln issued his proclamation calling for 75,000 volunteers "to preserve the Union and suppress the rebellion. ' '

All over the North, when the telegraph flashed the news that Fort Sumter had fallen, the excitement was intense. Political differences were for the time forgotten in the general indignation at the insult offered to the flag of the fathers. The Huntington Herald, edited by A. AY. DeLong, in commenting upon the event, said:

"The question now is, whether this government - the best the sun ever shone on and under which we have lived in happiness so long - shall be perpetuated or overthrown. Men must show by their words and acts where they stand. Those who are for it stand where the patriots of the Revolution stood, and maintain the principles fought for and estab¬ lished by them. Those who are against it occupy the position held by the Tories of that period. They are guilty of treason and should be

£ ' On behalf of the State of Indiana, I tender you, for the defense of the Nation and to uphold the authority of the Government, ten thou¬ sand men. Oliver P. Morton,

The next day (April 16th) Governor Morton issued his proclamation calling for six regiments of infantry as the state's quota of the 75,000 troops asked for by the President. As Indiana had furnished five regi¬ ments for service in the war with Mexico, to avoid confusion in the history and records of the state, it wras ordered that the first regiment organized for the Civil war should be numbered the Sixth. The Indiana regiments raised under the first call, with the colonels commanding, were as follows: Sixth, Thomas T. Chittenden; Seventh, Ebenezer Dumont; Eighth, William P. Benton; Ninth, Robert H. Milroy; Tenth, Joseph J. Reynolds; Eleventh, Lewis Wallace.

As soon as the governor's proclamation reached Huntington County the work of recruiting commenced. A company known as the Huntington Home Guards was organized in the City of Huntington, with E. N. Whiting as captain and H. B. Sayler as first lieutenant. A company of artillery was also organized and offered to the governor, but as the call was for "six regiments of infantry" the artillery company was not accepted. Within a week a company of 130 men was ready to be mus¬ tered into service. On April 20th, at a meeting in Roanoke, thirty men enlisted as rapidly as they could get to the table to sign their names, and the sum of $250 was subscribed to take care of the families of those who volunteered. So prompt had been the response throughout the state that the quota of six regiments was filled before the Huntington County company was fully organized. When the Eleventh regiment was mus¬ tered in there were twenty-nine companies at Camp Morton, Indianapo¬ lis, ready to be formed into regiments, and sixty-eight other companies were ready to report. One of these was the Huntington County com¬ pany, which the adjutant-general had advised to keep up its organization for a second call. Under these circumstances Governor Morton, on his own responsibility and under the power vested in him as commanderin-chief of the militia, decided to organize five regiments of twelve months' volunteers, "for the defense of the state, or for the service of the United States if a second call for volunteers should be made. ' '

On May 6, 1861, the governor's plan was sanctioned by the Legisla¬ ture, then in special session, by the passage of an act authorizing the organization of six regiments, to be numbered from the Twelfth to the Seventeenth, inclusive.

After the passage of the act alluded to in the preceding paragraph, the Huntington County company was ordered to report at Indianapolis, where it was mustered into the state service as Company F. Thirteenth Infantry, with Henry A. Johnson, captain; Isaac DeLong, first lieuten¬ ant; Harmon H. Hendricks, second lieutenant. On March 31, 1862, Hendricks was promoted to first lieutenant. Others who served as second lieutenant of this company were Samuel M. Zent, who entered the service as a corporal and rose to be lieutenant-colonel of the regiment, and Bernard Conron, of Allen County, but credited to Huntington, who entered the service as first sergeant of the company.

The sergeants of the company were Martin V. Record, Thomas C. Gurley, Isaac Estry and Samuel Clawson. The corporals were Samuel M. Zent, John Underwood, John Slusser, John Riley, William Starr, Joseph W. Payton, Jefferson Crandal and Henry Bercham. Jacob G. Souers and Jefferson M. Clark were enrolled as musicians, and Harrison Eaton was the company wagoner.

As already stated, the Thirteenth was organized for a state service, but on June 19, 1861, it was mustered into the service of the United States for three years, with Jere C. Sullivan as colonel. On the 4th of July it left Indianapolis for Western Virginia, and a few days later joined the army under Gen. George B. McClellan. It was first engaged in the battle of Rich Mountain, where it lost eight killed and nine wounded. The regiment remained with the Army of the Potomac throughout the greater part of its service, taking part in the battles of Allegheny, Deserted Farm, the siege of Forts Wagner and Gregg, nearly all of the actions with General Butler's forces south of the City of Rich¬ mond, Cold Harbor, Strawberry Plains, the siege of Petersburg and a number of minor engagements. On June 24, 1864, the men whose time had expired were mustered out, and on December 2, 1864, under order No. 384 from General Butler, the Thirteenth wras reorganized as a bat¬ talion of five companies. It was at this time that Samuel M. Zent was made lieutenant-colonel and Sergt. Thomas C. Gurley wras made first lieutenant of Company B. Early in the spring of 1865 five companies of drafted men and substitutes wrere added to the battalion. The regi¬ ment was mustered out at Goldsboro, North Carolina, September 5, 1865, and reached Indianapolis ten days later, where the men received their final pay and honorable discharge.

enlisted with other organizations. According to the adjutant-general's reports, George W. Harlan was a sergeant in Company I, Eighth Regi¬ ment; Jared Barnes and John Freds served as privates in the Ninth, the former in Company B and the latter in Company I, in the three months' service; in the Twelfth, during its three months' service, Till¬ man H. Fisher, Noah J. Murphy and David Park were privates in Company I. When that regiment was reorganized for three years it contained fourteen men from Huntington County. John W. Sturman was a corporal in Company A and in the same company were the fol¬ lowing privates: Anthony Brice, Eli N. Bugbee, Joseph A. Connett, James A. Crowell, Richard Doyle, Jacob Fosselman, Joseph Shipley and Thomas Stewart. In Company E were James Myers and Albert A. Walker, and in Company F were Simon Koontz and Franklin Miller.

After the organization of the Thirteenth, but before another full company went from Huntington, William Bennett and John McCarthy enlisted in the Sixteenth Infantry, but their names appear in the official record as "unassigned." William McCrume was a private in Company I of that regiment and Reuben Forker was a private in Company D of the Thirtieth Infantry.

Huntington County was well represented in the Thirty-fourth Regi¬ ment. Companies C and G were recruited in the county, and a number of men enlisted in other companies. Robert G. Morrison was mustered in as major and afterward was promoted to lieutenant-colonel and colonel. At the time of muster-in, David Y. Whiting was captain of Company C ; Elmer B. Warner, first lieutenant; George W. Jackson, second lieuten¬ ant. Warner was afterward promoted to the captaincy. Others who served as captain were George W. Jackson and Lewis P. Morrison. A full list of the first lieutenants includes the names of George W. Jackson, Lewis P. Morrison, Peter McKenzie, Henry Ludwick and Samuel R. Irwin. The second lieutenants during the term of service were Elmer B. Warner, George AY. Jackson, Lewis P. Morrison, Jefferson Poling, John B. Harris and Samuel R. Irwin.

The muster rolls of the company show the following non-commis¬ sioned officers and privates: William Johnston, first sergeant; Jacob Delvin, George France, Andrew Ivaylor and John Barnett, sergeants; Samuel Kilander, Henry Ludwick, Thomas Kearns, Robert Hulliberger, Jefferson Poling, David P. Free] and Andrew J. Barnes, corporals; John C. Daugherty, musician ; William G. Smith, wagoner.

In Company D Joseph M. Irwin held the rank of sergeant; Daniel K. Elkins and John Chopson were corporals; William H. Hinkley was a musician, and the following served as privates: William 0. Allen, Samuel F. Arnold, John S. Bailey, David M. Black, Andrew Coolman, George W. Davis, Aaron Eubank, Thomas M. Ford, Jonathan L. Irwin, Robert F. Irwin, William H. Little, Alexander McCoy, Calvin Morrison, Milton Morrison, Helm Noe, Albert G. Parker, George W. Powell, Laughlin Rea, William Rea, John L. Ritchig, Joseph F. Wearly, Joshua Williamson.

When Company G was mustered in with the regiment on September 16, 1861, the commissioned officers were George C. Morrison, captain; Edward D. Bobbitt, first lieutenant; John W. Thompson, second lieu¬ tenant. These officers were all Huntington County men. Subsequently William W. Stephenson, of Grant County, and Benjamin B. Campbell, of Madison County, served as captain of the company, George S. Plas¬ terer as both second and first lieutenant, and John W. Sewell as second lieutenant.

George S. Plasterer, Nelson Hackett and William Shuman, sergeants; Samuel Oats, John James, Francis M. Reddin, William IT. Fanshier, Adam Heffner, Richard L. Morrow and Levi E. Hawkins, corporals; William A. Plasterer and Samuel Daily, musicians; George W. Robbins, wagoner.

This regiment was mustered in at Anderson, September 16, 1861, for three years, with Asbury Steele as colonel. About the middle of Octo¬ ber it was ordered to Kentucky, and there remained in camp until February 14, 1862, when it was ordered to join General Grant in Ten¬ nessee and arrived at Fort Donelson soon after the surrender of that post. It then took part in the expedition against New Madrid, after which it was on duty in Arkansas until the spring of 1863, when it again joined Grant's army for the siege of Vicksburg. During the operations about that city the Thirty-fourth was in some of the most hotly contested engagements. After the surrender of Vicksburg the regiment wras ordered to Louisiana and from there to Texas. This regi¬ ment took part in the last battle of the Civil war, May 13, 1865, at Palmetto Ranche, Texas, where John J. Williams, private of Company B, who enlisted from Jay County, fell in the action, and is said to have been the last man killed in battle in the war. The Thirty-fourth was one of the last regiments to be mustered out, continuing on duty in Texas until February 3, 1866.

In Company C, Forty-second Infantry, the names of John Conrod and , Peter Lohr appear as recruits. On the muster roll of the company, as shown in the adjutant-general's reports, the residences of many of the men are not given, and it is possible that some of them should be credited to Huntington County.

Randall Simmons was a corporal and Jacob Baumgardner a private in Company D, Forty-fourth Infantry, and David Randol was a private in Company II of the same regiment. After the Thirty-fourth, how¬ ever, the first regiment in which Huntington County was represented by a full company was the Forty-seventh Infantry.

In this regiment Eli Arnold enlisted in Company A as a corporal and on October 19, 1862, was promoted to first lieutenant. Henry F. Hill was a private in Company B ; Companies E and F were raised in Huntington County, and there were a number of Huntington County men in both Company G and Company H.

At the time Company E was mustered in Jacob Wintrode was cap¬ tain; Jehu Swaidner, first lieutenant; Elijah Snowden, second lieuten¬ ant. Other first lieutenants were Benjamin W. Payton (promoted captain) and Sylvester W. Snodgrass. Jacob W. Hart and Benjamin W. Payton also served as second lieutenants. John Eikenberg and Ben¬ jamin F. Churchill held the rank of sergeant; Seneca Heath, John Ilackett, John W. Williams, Henry Adams, Benjamin W. Payton, Sylvester W. Snodgrass, Jacob W. Hart and Wesley Weaver were the corporals; Thomas Welker and John A. Bash, musicians, and Owen Shively, wagoner.

The captains of Company F, in the order in which they served, were Sextus H. Shearer (promoted to major) and Jefferson F. Slusser. The first lieutenants were Silas S. Hall, Aurelius S. Purviance, James A. Johnston, Daniel G. Beaver, Jefferson F. Slusser and John Whitestine. The second lieutenants were Aurelius S. Purviance, James A. Johnston, Daniel G. Beaver, Jefferson F. Slusser and Asa Whitestine.

James A. Johnston was mustered in as first sergeant; Philip D. Coverly, C. M. Holloway, Daniel G. Beaver and John P. Anspach, ser¬ geants; Jacob Oats, Jefferson F. Slusser, John AVhitestine, Joseph Davis, James Purviance, Matthias Galster, Henry Smithers and Edward C. Amaden, corporals ; Franklin J. Nellis and Charles Crabill, musicians ; Daniel Holder, wagoner.

Christian Schneider, Theodore Slack, William J. Slucker, Daniel Smith, Andrew Stephen, Conrad Stephen, Francis A. Storm, William H. Tram¬ mel, Hiram Trovinger, Robert Tyson, Edwin A. Wade, Charles A. Warner, George A. Whitacre, Asa Whitestine, Nixon A. Wiles, William M. Wise, Benjamin Wohlford, Jacob Wohlford, Thomas A. Wohlford, Ozias Wood.

In Company G William Woodbeek and John Anspach served as second lieutenants; Samuel Ingram as a corporal, and the following Huntington County men as privates: Anson A. Bunce, John Church, Abraham Crum, Daniel S. Denton, George Douglas, Moses Ervin, Jacob Hammer, Andrew Kaylor, William A. Pope, Hezekiah Rinerson, Daniel Rudy, Jesse D. Scott, William E. Stewart, John W. Swain, William A. Weighner, William Tromble.

George H. Brinkerhoff was second lieutenant of Company H at the time of muster in, and George Sloan held the rank of sergeant. The Huntington County men who served as privates in this company were: George Becker, Joseph Creviston, Solomon Draper, Joseph Franklin, Milo Hoag, Josephus Hull, Andrew H. Klingle, George Klingle, William H. Lehr, John Little, Joseph Little, Albert A. Manning, William Z. Manning, Eli R. Millner, John E. Murray, Jonathan Nave, John M. Ream, Andrew J. Sale, Francis N. Sale, Jesse Shoemaker, Albert Sloan, Milton Sloan, Benjamin Smith, George Smith, Aaron R. Souers, Henry M. Souers, Franklin Spese, Cyrenus Stone, George B. Strather, William II. Trammel, Sewell D. Walker, James Wallace, George AY. Ward, Wil¬ liam Warren, Andrew Wire, Elias Zink.

The Forty-seventh was organized at Anderson, and was mustered in on October 10, 1862, with James R. Slack, of Huntington, as colonel. All the companies were recruited in the Eleventh Congressional district. On December 13, 1862, the regiment left Indianapolis for Kentucky, where it was assigned to General Wood's division of General Buell's army. It was then in the expedition against New Madrid and was the first regiment to enter Fort Thompson. In June it was ordered to Memphis and Colonel Slack was placed in command of the post. A little later it was in the skirmish at Brown's plantation, in Mississippi, and was then stationed at Helena, Arkansas, March, 1863, when it formed part of General Quinby's force in the Yazoo Pass expedition. A few weeks later it joined the army of General Grant for the reduction of Vicksburg. At Champion's Hill, May 16, 1863, the regiment was in the thickest of the battle and lost 143 men in killed and wounded. During the siege of Vicksburg which followed it was almost constantly on the firing line. After the surrender of Vicksburg it marched with Sherman to Jackson, Mississippi, to drive out the Confederates under General Johnston, and was soon afterward ordered to Louisiana. There it formed part of General Banks' force for the expedition to the Bayou Teche country, and in the spring of 1864 it took part in the famous Red River expedition. During the summer of 1864 it was in a number of engagements in Louisiana. On the last day of that year Colonel Slack was promoted to brigadier-general. Early in 1865 the Fortyseventh moved to Mobile, Alabama, and played a conspicuous part in the reduction of that Confederate stronghold. It then returned to Shreve¬ port, Louisiana, where it was on duty until October 23, 1865, when it was mustered out. Upon arriving at Indianapolis the regiment was given a. cordial reception on November 1st, and the next day the men were discharged.

Companies E and H of the Seventy-fifth Infantry were raised in Huntington County. During its term of service David H. Wall and David L. Elliott held the rank of captain in Company E ; George W. Goode, Robert B. Beatty and John W. Zehrung served as first lieutenant; and Jacob S. Goshorn, David L. Ellit, Jacob W. Crum, John W. Zehrung and William Keller as second lieutenant. David L. Elliott was first ser¬ geant at the time the company was mustered in ; Abner D. Frame, Henry Wolfe, Enos Allman and Robert B. Beatty, sergeants ; George W. Hall¬ man, David M. Pugh, John Braden, William M. Irwin and Vestal C. Shaw, corporals; William Ware and William Thorpe, musicians, and Martin Hull, wagoner.

In Company H of the Seventy-fifth William 0. Jones, William Mc¬ Ginnis and William M. Wilkerson served as captain in the order named. The first lieutenants were William McGinnis, John B. Collins, William M. Wilkerson and William Riley. The second lieutenants were John B. Collins, AYilliam M. Wilkerson, William Riley and Sylvester Strock.

William M. Wilkerson was mustered in as first sergeant; William Riley, Edmund B. Hays, Abner A. Kelsey and Atchison Smith, ser¬ geants; Sylvester Strock, Peter Mulrine, John Kincaid, John Bunnell, Jonathan L. Wilkerson, Hayman Klingel and Dr. F. Fultz, corporals; Amos Earlwine and James Liggett, musicians; and Kyle Kaskill, wagoner.

In Company H, A. V. Boyd, John Carey, James C. Favorite, Thomas J. Fullum and Abraham T. Gaskill were enrolled as recruits, and Chris¬ tian Lew and Solomon Pryor were privates in Company K.

with John U. Pettit as colonel. Abner H. Shaffer, of Huntington County, was assistant regimental surgeon. Two days after the musterin, the regiment was ordered to Louisville, Kentucky, and took an active part in the movements incident to Bragg's invasion of that state. In June, 1863, it formed part of General Rosecrans' forces in the Tullahoma campaign, was actively engaged at Hoover's Gap, and was the first regiment to enter the enemy's works at Tullahoma. Returning to Chattanooga with General Rosecrans, it participated in the battle of Chickamauga on September 19-20, 1863, where it lost 17 killed and 107 wounded. In November following it took part in the battle of Mission¬ ary Ridge. Early in the spring of 1864 it was assigned to the Second Brigade, Third Division, Fourteenth Army Corps, with which it marched with General Sherman's army against Atlanta. In that campaign it was engaged at Resaca, Adairsville, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach¬ tree Creek and the battles of Atlanta and Jonesboro. In November it moved with the army on the famous "march to the sea," and in Janu¬ ary, 1865, started from Savannah northward through the Carolinas. After the surrender of General Johnston the Seventy-fifth was ordered to Washington, D. C., where it -was mustered out on June 8, 1865, the veterans and recruits being at that time transferred to the Fortysecond Regiment, which was mustered out at Louisville on July 21, 1865. Few of the volunteer regiments made a better record than the Seventy-fifth Indiana.

It is a well-known fact that there were a number of Huntington County men in the Eighty-eighth regiment, particularly in Company D, but in the official records they are credited to Allen County. Cyrus E. Briant, of Huntington, was mustered in with the regiment on August 29, 1862, as captain of Company D ; was promoted to lieutenant-colonel while the regiment was stationed at Chattanooga, shortly after the bat¬ tle of Chickamauga, and on March 13, 1865, was brevetted colonel "for gallant and meritorious services."

The Eighty-eighth was ordered to Kentucky soon after being mus¬ tered in, to aid in repelling the invasion of General Kirby Smith. It was then attached to the Army of the Cumberland ; was engaged at Hoover 's Gap, Tullahoma, Elk River, Dug Gap, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge and the operations around Chattanooga in the fall of 1863; took part in the Atlanta campaign of 1864; was in the famous "March to the sea;" marched with General Sherman's army up through the Carolinas and on to Washington, D. C., where it was mustered out on June 7, 1865.

thirteen in Company D. In Company A, Isaac 0. Bowman was a ser¬ geant; George W. Shaffer was a corporal, and the following served as privates: George W. Aldrich, Israel Bowman, Hugh A. Brown, Robert

H. Fisher, Tilghman H. Fisher, Robert G. Miller and James A. Sutton. The thirteen men in Company D were privates, viz. : Abel Baker, Alex¬ ander Baker, Cain Baker, Henry Baker, Jacob Baker, Sr., Jacob Baker, Jr., James Baker, Samuel Baker, John Gaskill, George Middleton, Samuel Richerson, Thomas Ruth and John Stevens.

The Fifth Cavalry was organized in the summer and autumn of 1862 and was mustered in by companies. On December 10, 1862, Felix W. Graham was commissioned colonel. For a time the companies were on detached duty in Kentucky. In March, 1863, they were all at Glasgow, Kentucky, and the regiment spent the spring in scouting, skirmishing with guerillas, etc. In July it joined in the pursuit of General Morgan's raiders and took part in the battle of Buffington's Island. On September

I, 1863, it entered Knoxville with General Burnside and was again assigned to scout and outpost duty, the men almost "living in the saddle." On the 11th of October the regiment encountered about three thousand of the enemy at Bull's Gap and was nearly surrounded, but managed to cut through the enemy's lines and join the brigade. It was with General Stoneman's cavalry in the Atlanta campaign of 1864. After the fall of Atlanta the regiment returned to Kentucky, where it was remounted and was then engaged in Tennessee, pursuing outlaws and bushwhackers until June 16, 1865, when it was mustered out. Com¬ panies G, L and M, whose time had not expired, were at that time trans¬ ferred to the Sixth Cavalry, which was mustered out a short time after¬ ward. During its service the Fifth Cavalry was in twenty-two battles and skirmishes, marched nearly 2,500 miles, captured 640 prisoners, lost 35 killed in action, 91 wounded, 13 of whom died ; 514 were captured and of these 115 died in prison.

In the One Hundred and First Regiment Huntington County was represented by a few men in Companies B, F, G, I and K. Alexander Kain, Hugh Kain, Harvey Dilley, Daniel Lattner and Harrison Taylor were privates in Company B ; Noah J. Murphy was a corporal in Com¬ pany F, and in the same company James O. Campbell, Samuel Evington, Shuman Irwin, Joseph J. Ruggles and Hezekiah Smith served as privates; Lafayette Messier was mustered in as a sergeant in Company G and was afterward promoted to first lieutenant, and Abiga Holloway, William Holloway, Robert F. Lynch, Israel Messier, James A. Miller, John W. Nedrow, Isaac Price, Charles Sloan, Patrick Sloan, Alexander Slonaker, Joseph Whitright, John Winebrenner and Samuel Zink were enrolled as

This regiment was raised in the Eleventh Congressional District and was mustered in on September 7, 1862, with William Garver as colonel. Shortly after that it was sent to Kentucky against Gen. Kirby Smith, of the Confederate army, and afterward followed the guerrilla leader Morgan in his raid. through Kentucky in December. During the latter part of the winter and the spring of 1863 it was engaged in fighting guerrillas in Tennessee and then joined General Rosecrans for the Tullahoma. campaign. In June the regiment was engaged at Hoover's Gap; took part several engagements of the Tullahoma movement; fought in the Battle of Chiekamauga in September, and in 1864 marched with Sherman to Atlanta. Later it took part in the march to the sea and the campaign through the Carolinas, after which it was ordered to Louis¬ ville, where it was mustered out on June 24, 1865. While in the service the regiment marched over 3,500 miles.

Company G, One Hundred and Eighteenth Regiment was raised in Huntington and Wabash counties. Henry B. Sayler, the first captain of the company, was made major of the regiment; First Lieut. Joel Satterthwaite was promoted to captain, and Allen C. Simonton became first lieutenant. Jared Barnes and John F. Becker, of Huntington County, were sergeants; Emanuel D. Wise, Oziah C. Ellis, Elam C. Purviance, John M. Purviance, John M. Humphreys and Albert Burris, corporals.

This was a six months' regiment, which was mustered in on Sep¬ tember 16, 1863, with George W. Jackson as colonel, and soon afterward was ordered to Kentucky. On December 2, 1863, it made a hurried march to Walker's Ford to assist the Union cavalry, which was en¬ gaged with the enemy and almost out of ammunition. The regiment covered the retreat of the cavalry, losing one man killed and fourteen wounded. It then remained on duty in Tennesse until about the middle

In Company K of the One Hundred and Nineteenth Regiment, bet¬ ter known as the Seventh Cavalry, were three Huntington County men, viz.: James M. Cashma, George W. Kitt and James S. Whiting. This regiment was mustered in on October 1, 1863, with John P. C. Shanks as colonel. It served under Generals A. J. Smith and B. H. Grierson in Tennessee and Mississippi, and in 1864 guarded Sherman's line of com¬ munications while his army moved toward Atlanta. In the fall of that year it was sent to Arkansas and Missouri in pursuit of General Price, and later took part in Grierson's raid from Memphis to Vicksburg. Its last service was in Louisiana and Texas, and the regiment was mus¬ tered out by companies, part of it remaining in service until in Feb¬ ruary, 1866.

Seven Huntington County men served as privates in Company L of the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Regiment, which was really the Eleventh Indiana Cavalry. They were Levi Arnold, Thomas Dettemore, Ebenezer Eviston, John Patterson, Joseph Patterson, George Stiles and Samuel Wood. The regiment was organized under the call of September 14, 1863, and was mustered in on March 1, 1864, with Robert

R. Stewart as colonel. It was employed in guarding the railroad in General Sherman's rear until after the fall of Atlanta, when it joined General Thomas for the campaign against Hood in Tennessee. It took part in the Battle of Nashville in December, 1864, and followed Hood's retreating army into Alabama. It was then sent to Kansas and was stationed along the Santa, Fe route to guard against Indian depreda¬ tions until mustered out on September 19, 1865.

In the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Regiment Albert A. Mc- Conahay was a private in Company K, and the county was well repre¬ sented in the One Hundred and Thirtieth Infantry.

Levi Crouse and Levi Smith were privates in Company B of this regiment and Company D was raised in Huntington County. At the time of muster in the commissioned officers were : Joseph W. Purvianee, captain; Aurelius S. Purvianee, first lieutenant; Martin V. Record, second lieutenant. Captain Purvianee was promoted to major, Aurelius

S. Purvianee became captain, and Martin V. Record first lieutenant; Francis H. B. Glanton, first sergeant, becoming second lieutenant. Record died while in the service, Glanton was promoted to first lieu¬ tenant, and Jethro M. Boyd was commissioned second lieutenant.

The non-commissioned officers at the time of muster in were as follows: Francis H. B. Glanton, first sergeant; Jethro M. Boyd, David Berkey, John P. Richards and Bernard Alexander, sergeants; Lewis

In Company E Alonzo Harter, Philip Harter and Philip Swartz served as privates. There were twelve Huntington County men in Com¬ pany F, to-wit: George Barton, James Barton, Jerome C. Beaver, Jackson A. Bradford, William H. Collins, Samuel Hart, William Oharo, Silas Sands, John Sprowl, William Me. Sprowl, Sr., William Me. Sprowl, Jr., Orlando B. Williams. John F. Akers was a private in Company G. ,In Company II James S. Purviance was second lieutenant; Stephen F. Grice, sergeant; Isaac Dilley and Joshua Isenberg, corporals, and the following privates: Samuel Cooper, Samuel Ellett, John C. Hart, Marion Holmes, John II. Keefer, James Kendall, Charles P. Ketner, Stanton Larr, John Pritchett, Isaac Shideler, George Smith, Christian Snider. In Company I: Joshua Culver, Joel P. Moslander, William L. Moslander, William V. Presler, Curtis B. Small, William II. Spaey and Benjamin Yaughar were credited to Huntington County.

The One Hundred and Thirtieth was mustered in on March 12, 1864, with Charles S. Parrish as colonel. A few days later it was ordered to Tennessee and performed various duties in that state until in May, when it began the march to Atlanta. The regiment received its baptism of fire at Rocky Face Ridge, May 9, 1864, where the men were compli¬ mented for "conducting themselves like veterans." On the march to Atlanta it was engaged at Resaca, Lost Mountain, Pine Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain and a number of minor skirmishes. It was constantly on duty during the siege of Atlanta, and after the surrender of the city returned to Tennessee with General Thomas. After the defeat of Hood's army at Nashville in December the regiment proceeded via Washington to Fort Fisher, in North Carolina, and a little later joined General Sherman's army for the final movement against Johnston, forcing him to surrender at Goldsboro, North Carolina. The regiment then re¬ mained on duty in that state until December 2, 1865, when it was mus¬ tered out at Charlotte and the men returned to their homes.

The One Hundred and Thirty-first was the last cavalry regiment raised in Indiana for the Civil war, and was known as the Thirteenth Indiana Cavalry. It was mustered in on April 29, 1864, with Gilbert M. L. Johnson as colonel. John H. Jones, of Roanoke, and Dr. F. Mor¬ row, of Mount Etna, were appointed assistant surgeons. Company A was raised in Huntington County. Following is a full list of the commis¬ sioned officers of the company: Isaac DeLong, David H. Wall and Silas A. Pulse, captains; David H. Wall, Josiah H. Sabine, Silas A. Pulse and John J. Pribble, first lieutenants; Josiah H. Sabine, Silas A. Pulse, John J. Pribble and William 0. Allen, second lieutenants. DeLong and Wall were both promoted to the rank of major while the regiment was in service.

The other officers of the company were : Silas A. Pulse, first ser¬ geant (promoted captain) ; Ellis M. Fisher, quartermaster sergeant; Elijah Mitchell, commissary sergeant ; Elhanan W. Martin, William 0. Allen, Hiram Brown, Clarke Sheppard, John Slusser, sergeants; Nelson Culver, John F. Wearly, William Alexander, James Gallagher, Plympton Allman, Harrison Eaton, Charles Robbins, Madoria Brineman, cor¬ porals; Hugh M. Kilander and Otha A. Bradford, buglers; Wesley Fitch and Benjamin F. Gurley, farriers and blacksmiths ; Robert Y. Calhoun, saddler; John Stewart, wagoner.

As above stated, the regiment was mustered into service on April 29, 1864. The next day it departed for Nashville, equipped as an infantry organization, serving as such until the following autumn. In October Companies A, C, D, F and H went to Louisville for horses, but before they received their mounts they were ordered to Paducah to aid in repelling a threatened invasion by Forrest's Cavalry. On the last day of November Companies A, C, D, F, H and I were equipped as cavalry and attached to General Thomas' army at Nashville, Tennessee. The regiment was in numerous engagements while Hood was advancing on Nashville, and took part in the battle before that city on December 15- 16, 1864. After that action the entire regiment was mounted and assigned to the Third Brigade, Seventh Division, Cavalry Corps of the Military Division of Mississippi, Colonel Johnson commanding the brigade. In March, 1865, it proceeded to Mobile and assisted in the capture of that city, after which it joined the raid through Alabama, Georgia and Mississippi. It remained on duty until November 18, 1865, when it was mustered out at Vicksburg, Mississippi. Just a week later it was tendered a reception at the state house in Indianapolis, when the men received their final pay and honorable discharge.

Early in the year 1864, when it became known that the Union generals were contemplating an advance upon the Confederate positions "all along the line," it was seen by certain sagacious individuals that a larger number of troops would be essential to the success of the north¬ ern arms. To meet this emergency a meeting of the governors of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa and Wisconsin was called at Indianapolis for April 22, 1864, by Governor Morton. At that meeting the plan of raising some eighty-five thousand men in the states named, to serve for a period of 100 days, was adopted. President Lincoln approved the plan and the work of recruiting was commenced at once, with the understanding that the short-term regiments were to be used to relieve the veterans in the garrisons and acting as guards in the rear of Grant's and Sherman's armies. Eight regiments were raised in Indiana, num¬ bered from 132 to 139, inclusive. The first of these regiments in which Huntington County was represented was the One Hundred and Thirtyseventh Infantry.

In Company E of this regiment, which was commanded by Col. Edward J. Robinson, there were nineteen men from Huntington County, viz.: Eli A. Blount, Jacob Britton, Noah Burdoine, William Davis, John W. Dewitt, Orange Douglas, James W. Dunn, Hiram Dustman, Christian Hollinger, Abraham Huffman, Simon Mulvine, Lemuel J. Salts, Lawrence Sewell, William Shaffer, Albert Shultz, Enos Simons, Henry Simons, Joseph A. Spaulding, John L. F. Thomas.

Company I of the One Hundred and Thirty-eighth was composed largely of Huntington County men. The regiment was commanded by Col. James H. Shannon and the officers of Company I were as follows: Benjamin F. Webb, captain; Rhodes Armstrong, first lieutenant; Rob¬ ert J. Miller, second lieutenant.

The Indiana regiments from the One Hundred and Forty-second to the One Hundred and Fifty-sixth, inclusive, were mustered in for one year's service in the early part of 1865. Samuel B. Wiler, of Huntington County, served as a private in Company B of the One Hun¬ dred and Forty-second; James B. Kenner in Company G of the same regiment ;'in Company G of the One Hundred and Fifty-second were John B. Kelsey, Alexander McClure, Isaiah Reddin and Samuel Rob¬ erts, and John M. Cook was a member of Company I.

Companies B and C of the One Hundred and Fifty-third Regiment were raised in Huntington County. The regiment was commanded by Col. Oliver H. P. Carey. The officers of Company B were : James H. S.

The regiment was mustered in on March 1, 1865, and left Indianap¬ olis four days later for Nashville, Tennessee. It was stopped at Louis¬ ville by order of General Palmer and sent to Western Kentucky to sup¬ press a band of guerrillas operating in that section. In June it returned to Louisville and remained on duty there until September 4, 1865, when it was mustered out. Companies D, G and H were the only ones actually engaged and these companies lost five men killed and wounded. Upon arriving at Indianapolis the regiment was given a reception at the state house, after which the men were discharged.

The Fourteenth Battery of Light Artillery was raised in Huntington, Wabash, Miami and Fayette counties. Lewis C. AVilliams, of Hunt¬ ington County, was promoted to second lieutenant on January 20, 1862 ; Daniel B. Fisher and Isaac Zehrung served as corporals, and the fol¬ lowing privates were credited to Huntington County :

In the muster roll of the battery, as it appears in the adjutantgeneral's reports, the residence of many of the men is not given, and it may be that other members of the organization should be credited to this county. The battery was mustered in on March 24, 1862, for three years, with Meredith H. Kidd, of Wabash, as captain. A few days later it left Indianapolis for Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee. For a time it served by sections in Tennessee. One section, with thirtytwo men, under command of Lieutenant McGuire, was attacked by a superior force at Lexington, where it lost two killed, two wrounded and twenty-seven captured, only one man succeeding in making his escape. Subsequently the battery was united and took part in the siege of Corinth ; it formed part of General Sherman 's forces on the Meridian Raid; operated then around Vicksburg, Memphis, Guntown and Corinth; was an active participant in the Battle of Nashville in December, 1864; was then ordered to Alabama and played a conspicuous part in the re¬ duction of Spanish Fort at Mobile, after which it was on duty at Mont¬ gomery, Alabama, until August 15, 1865, when it was ordered home. It was given a rousing reception at Indianapolis on the 29th of the same month, when the men were finally discharged.

The Indiana Legion was organized under the act of the Legislature, approved May 11, 1861, "for the organization and regulation of the Indiana militia." Later in the year Maj. John Love, of Indianapolis, and Col. John L. Mansfield, of Madison, were commissioned to complete the organization of the legion on a systematic plan for service. They divided the state into nine brigade districts, only four of which were organized by the appointment of brigade officers. The Ninth District included the counties of Steuben, Lagrange, Elkhart, DeKalb, Noble, Kosciusko, Allen, Whitley, Huntington, Adams and Wells. In each of these counties a number of companies were formed, subject to call in the event of an invasion of the state or other emergency. Huntington County had six companies of the legion, sometimes called the "Home Guards," to- wit:

The Huntington Greys, organized July 17, 1861, with David Y. Whiting, captain ; Cephas M. Holloway, first lieutenant ; Oscar S. Dunton, second lieutenant.

The Union Artillery, organized July 19, 1861, with Sextus IT. Shearer, captain ; Silas S. Hall, first lieutenant ; Aurelius S. Purviance, second lieutenant. All these officers afterward held commissions in the Fortyseventh Infantry.

The Mount Etna Guards, organized July 23, 1861. E. D. Bobbitt and Lesselle Long were the captains of this company ; Richard S. Thomas, second lieutenant ; Levi Hawkins and William B. Morgan, second lieuten¬ ants. Captains Bobbitt and Long and Lieutenant Thomas afterward entered the United States service.

The Antioch Guards, organized August 20, 1861, with Jacob Wintrode, captain ; George Racey, first lieutenant ; Samuel McLeedy, second lieutenant. Captain Wintrode afterward enlisted and was commissioned captain of Company E, Forty-seventh Infantry.

The Warren Guards (date of organization not obtainable) ; David H. Wall and Benjamin F. Webb, captains; Erastus Martin and Lewis Irwin, first lieutenants; Joseph F. Wearly and Daniel K. Slife, second lieutenants. Most of these officers subsequently entered the volunteer army.

The Markle Home Guards, organized August 8, 1863; William John¬ ston, captain ; Rhodes Armstrong and Samuel B. Price, first lieutenants ; F. Shaffer, second lieutenant.

Of the volunteer soldiers who went out from Huntington Countyin defense of their country, 207 never returned. According to the re¬ ports of the adjutant-general, of those who died while in the service, 30 were killed in action ; 17 died of wounds ; 4 died while held as pris¬ oners of war; and 156 died of disease. These figures are no doubt in¬ complete, as in the reports, opposite the names of a number of the men, appears the uncertain legend "Unaccounted for." Some of the men thus reported afterward returned to their homes, but from others no tidings were ever received. They doubtless died in the enemy's country, perhaps in prison, and their remains rest in some unknown and un¬ marked grave. These "unaccounted for" are certainly entitled to a place upon the county's "Roll of Honor."

While the "Boys in Blue" were at the front, the people were not idle. Mindful of the patriotic sacrifices of those wrho had left their shops, fields and firesides to take up arms in defense of the Union, the people at home gave their moral support and substantial aid to the soldiers in the field, as well as to their families at home. On October 10, 1861, Governor Morton issued a proclamation in which he thus set forth the needs of the soldiers during the approaching winter:

"Many articles of clothing, which, to men with houses over their heads and warm fires always near, are hardly more than a luxury, to men with no protection but a tent, no bed but the ground, and whose duty must be performed under the unabated rigors of winter, are abso¬ lutely necessities. They may save many lives which will surely be lost without them. These, the patriotic women of Indiana, it is hoped, will supply. An additional blanket to every man in our army will preserve hundreds to their country and their families. Two or three pairs of good strong socks will be invaluable to men who must often march all day in the snow, and, without them, must lie down with cold and be¬ numbed feet on the frozen ground. Good woolen gloves or mittens will preserve their hands in marching and in handling their arms and, while greatly adding to their comfort, will materially increase their efficiency."

This proclamation, addressed to "The Patriotic Women of Indiana," met with a ready response. Package after package of the needed sup¬ plies found its way to the state quartermaster, until that official was compelled to publish a notice that no more was needed. In this work the women of Huntington County bore their part, many pairs of mittens and socks, knit of evenings by the fireside, went forward to the loved ones in the field. A Soldiers' Aid Society was organized by the women of Huntington soon after the first volunteers left the county, and this society took charge of the shipments of supplies, the value of which will never be known, as no account of such things was kept.

Nor were the families of the soldiers neglected. The county authori¬ ties appropriated money from time to time to aid those in need, as well as to offer bounties for enlistments. Government bounties ranged from $100 at the beginning of the war to $400 toward its close. The counties also offered bounties. The following table shows the amounts appro¬ priated by Huntington County and the several townships for bounties and relief, the figures being taken from the adjutant general's report:

This made a grand total of $190,221.24 expended by the county and townships in their official capacity. The state also took cognizance of the needs of soldiers' families and on March 4, 1865, the governor ap¬ proved an act providing for the levy of a tax of 30 cents on each $100 worth of property in the state, the proceeds to be applied to the support of the wives and children of volunteers. Statistics were gathered, and on August 10, 1865, T. B. McCarthy, auditor of state, sent out to county auditors a statement showing the number of persons in each county entitled to share in the relief fund. That statement showed 2,444 beneficiaries in Huntington County and the amount apportioned to the county was $19,747.52, or $8.08 cents for each beneficiary.

These figures may be obtained from the public records and show what the state, county and townships did ; but there is no record of the relief given by the people in their individual and unofficial capacity. Mention has already been made of a subscription of $250 at a meeting at Roanoke early in the war. Such incidents were common and, in some instances, were not even mentioned in the newspapers. In addi- tion to these neighborhood subscriptions, charitably inclined people gave aid as individuals, without letting their left hands know what their right hands were doing. Many a sack of flour, many a basket of pro¬ visions, numerous small sums of money, bundles of clothing or school books found their way to the home of some soldier's wife, that her chil¬ dren might be made comfortable and enabled to attend school. If the value of all these voluntary offerings could be ascertained, it would no doubt aggregate more than the official appropriations. And it is greatly to the credit of these noble women that they were not too proud to accept these offerings of charity. Even cast-off clothing was received by them without the feeling that it was a reflection upon their poverty, but rather a grateful recognition on the part of some loyal neighbor of the sacri¬ fice they had made in sending some loved one to assist in preserving the institutions the forefathers established.

The Island of Cuba became a dependency of Spain immediately after the discovery of America and remained so for more than four centuries. During that period several attempts were made to free the island from Spanish domination, one of the most noted of which was the expedition of Narcisso Lopez in 1850, which ended in an ignominious failure. Four years after the Lopez Expedition, the Cuban junta in New York organ¬ ized a relief movement upon a larger scale, but before any active move¬ ment could be inaugurated news of the scheme reached the Spanish government, and the undertaking was forestalled. In 1868 there was a general insurrection among the Cubans, which was followed by a tenyears' war. During that time Spain sent over 100,000 troops to the island to overcome the revolutionists, and at the end of the war the people of the island were cruelly informed that they would be expected to pay the war debt of some $200,000,000. Naturally, this aroused indignation among the inhabitants of the island and started another revolution. But the Cubans moved slowly, making careful preparations, and it was not until February, 1895, that an open insurrection broke out in the provinces of Santiago, Santa Clara and Matanzas. Within sixty days 50,000 Spanish troops, under command of General Campos, were in Cuba. He was succeeded by General Weyler, whose cruelties aroused the indig¬ nation of the civilized nations of the world and forced the Spanish authorities to send General Blanco to supersede him. Although the new commander was somewhat more humane than his predecessor, he was equally determined in his intention to crush the insurrection and subdue the islanders.

In the meantime state legislatures and political conventions in the United States has been passing resolutions asking this Government to interfere by recognizing the belligerent rights of the Cubans, if not their absolute independence. About 10 o'clock on the evening of Feb¬ ruary 15, 1898, the United States Battleship Maine, then lying at anchor in the Harbor of Havana, was blown up and a number of her crew met with a tragic death. This brought the excitement in the United States to fever heat, and on April 11, 1898, President McKinley sent a special message to Congress asking for authority to intervene in behalf of the Cubans. On the 20th Congress passed a resolution, which was approved by the president the same day, recognizing the independence of Cuba and demanding that Spain withdraw all claims to or authority over the island. Five days later war was formally declared by Congress, though two days before the declaration was made the President had proclaimed the ports of Cuba in a state of blockade and called for 125,000 volunteers to enforce the resolution adopted by Congress on the 20th.

Late on the afternoon of April 15, 1898, Gov. James A. Mount re¬ ceived a telegram from the secretary of war notifying him that Indiana's quota of the 125,000 men would be four regiments of infantry and two light batteries of artillery. The telegram also conveyed the information that it was the president's desire that "the regiments of the National Guard, or state militia, shall be used as far as their numbers will per¬ mit, for the reason that they are armed, equipped and drilled." Instead of four regiments, the state raised five, which were numbered to begin where the numbers of Civil war regiments left off. The regiments fur¬ nished by the state in the war with Spain were, therefore, the 157th, 158th, 159th, 160th and 161st.

When it began to look like war with Spain was inevitable, Huntington County's "lamp was trimmed and kept burning." On Saturday evening, March 19, 1898, a meeting was held at the courthouse in Hunt¬ ington for the purpose of perfecting a military organization. The meet¬ ing was called to order by Capt. J. M. Rogers, and was addressed by B. M. Cobb, C. W. Watkins and Capt. Jacob Wintrode. It was re¬ ported that thirty-four men had already enrolled themselves as mem¬ bers of a military company and that thirty-one more were necessary to bring the number up to the minimum standard. Fourteen were enrolled at that meeting and, when it was known that a call had been issued for 125,000 volunteers, the adjutant-general authorized Lieut. Leonard F. Wood to "enlist men to fill Indiana's quota under the call."

Wabash at 10:37 via the Big Four for the purpose of being mustered into United States volunteer service. Your receipt for transportation will be accepted by the conductors. By command of Brig.-Gen. McKee.

The company was escorted to the railroad station by the Grand Army Post under Captain Wintrode, the teachers and children of the public schools joining the procession, and a number of citizens accompanied the "boys" as far as Wabash. Upon arriving at Indianapolis it went into quarters at Camp Mount and was later mustered in as Company K, One Hundred and Sixtieth Regiment, having been formerly designated as Company K, Fourth Regiment, Indiana National Guard. Much to the regret of Captain Myers, he failed to pass the examination and Orison P. Lee, of Indianapolis, was assigned to the command of the company.

The Huntington County officers were : Leonard F. Wood, first lieu¬ tenant; Herbert B. Spencer, second lieutenant; Edgar R. Creamer, quartermaster sergeant; Otis W. Hadley, William S. Morford, Thomas W. Beel and Charles A. Slusser, sergeants; Howard 0. Powell, Levi Sayler, Elias Gibler, Walter S. Mitchell and Calvin B. Richards, cor¬ porals; Walter B. Parry and Bert Bolinger, musicians; Oscar L. Keiser, artificer; Henry H. Snyder, wagoner.

The One Hundred and Sixtieth Regiment of Indiana Volunteer In¬ fantry was formed of the Fourth Regiment of the Indiana National Guard, and was mustered into the service of the United States on May 12, 1898, with George W. Guilder as colonel. It left Indianapolis on the 16th for Camp Thomas, Chickamauga Park, Georgia, where it remained until July 28th, when it left for Porto Rico, going via Newport News, Virginia. Upon arriving at Newport News the Porto Rico order was countermanded and the regiment proceeded to Camp Hamilton, Lexing¬ ton, Kentucky, wrhere it arrived on the 23d of August. In November it was transferred to Columbus, Georgia, where it remained in camp until January 15, 1899, when it was ordered to proceed to Cuba. It moved in three sections, which were reunited at Matanzas and the regiment re¬ mained there until March 27, 1899, when it was ordered to Savannah, Georgia, where it was mustered out on April 25, 1899.

A few Huntington County men served in other companies and regi¬ ments in the Spanish- American war. Charles E. Perry was a private in Company C, One Hundred and Fifty-seventh ; Edgar Kelsey was ser¬ geant-major of the One Hundred and Sixtieth ; William E. Palmer and Cal Sinninger were privates in Company E of the same regiment ; Palmer 0. Norris was a sergeant in Company F ; Jesse A. McTagertt and Marion L. Norris were privates in the same company; and John Connolly was a private in Company G.

The Huntington County company lost two men by death while in the service - Henry S. Altenbach and Frank Rosebrough - both of whom died in the hospital while the regiment was in camp at Chickamauga Park.

Janies B. Kenner, of Huntington, was appointed paymaster of vol¬ unteers, with the rank of major. He appointed Israel H. Heaston, also of Huntington, as his chief clerk. Both had served in the Civil war. They left Huntington on June 25, 1898, for Washington, where they remained for several days learning their duties. On July 8th they left Washington for Jacksonville, Florida, where they paid the Seventh Army Corps $75,000. They were next sent to the camp at Chickamauga Park, where they spent the time from August 3d to the 16th in paying off the soldiers quartered there. From there they went to Knoxville, and during the remainder of the year they moved from one camp to another in performance of their duties. On March 1, 1899, they left Atlanta for Cuba, and arrived at Havana on' the 4th. They paid the soldiers in Matanzas and Quemadis, and on board a hospital ship, when they were ordered to the Province of Puerto Principe on the 5th of April. After paying the troops there they were ordered home, and on the voyage paid off the members of a cavalry regiment on the transport.

Altogether Major Kenner and his assistant paid out $1,335,000. At the time of his death Major Kenner was working upon a history of the Spanish- American war and had his manuscript almost completed when cut down by the Grim Reaper.