Marion County, Indiana - Chapter 12, 1884 (part 1 of 2)

Medical Practice And Pkactitionees

The early doctors of the New Purchase wereall of the old school of heroic treatment. Disease to them was an enemy intrenched in certain functions, and had to be driven out, and the more incessant the attack and profuse the ammunition the sooner the siege would be over. They maintained the system of Moli^re's doctors, " saignare, purgare, et clysterizare" with little change, and like them knew no resource when their first processes failed but " re-saignare, repurgare, et re-clysterizare." Happily, they had to deal with patients of simple lives and temperate habits, with constitutions solidly built and functions undisturbed by luxuries and unstrained by excesses, and capable of resisting both the disease and the remedy. Calomel and the lancet, the " purgare" and " saignare," were the invariable remedies for every disorder. There were few residents in White River Valley who had not suffered under the doctor's injunction, with a half teaspoonful of calomel, " Now, you mustn't drink any cold water or vinegar, or eat anything sour ; if you get very dry drop some clean live coals in a tin of water and warm it a little, and drink that." There were plenty of mutilated mouths, loosened teeth, and shriveled gums, and sometimes decayed jawbones and ulcerated cheeks, to warn patients of the perils of " salivation" and of disobedience of the doctor's orders. And there were few who could not show a little scar in the inside of the elbow where a lancet had cut the visible vein there. Quinine for malarial complaints was unknown. Pelletier discovered it about the time that the Pogues and McCormicks discovered the site of Indianapolis, and its use did not get West for a score of years or near it. In its stead the crude bark was used with wine.

All this is changed now, and has long been changing. The doctor of to-day, whatever his school, depends less on drugs and more on natural agencies that renovate the system rather than resist disorders of its parts. He maintains artificial conditions and uses artificial remedies as little as possible. Air, water, suitable diet, comfortable temperature are his " pharmacopoeia," with a good nurse to administer its doses. Ice and pure water are harmless agencies, but more powerful and more used than all the bitter drugs dug out of the tropics. So while increasing wealth and luxury increase the complications of diseases, the doctor increases the efiiciency of his remedies by simplifying them. He does not use so many nor so much of any. He does not carry a small drug-store in his " pill-bags," and fill his own prescriptions now as he used to do. A little pocket-case not larger than a tobacco-box serves to store all his artificial remedies in. In no other profession or pursuit is there so marked a contrast between earlier and later conditions. The middle-aged man of to-day can remember the doctor and his -' pill-bags" with more distinctness, probably, than any other character of his childhood. The disturbance always, the distress often, into which he came, quiet, unruffled, smiling to the children, shaking hands with the " old folks," with his " pill-bags" slung over his left arm, made a figure set in a scene not easily effaced from the tenacious memory of childhood. Associations are different now. The neat buggy, the boy to wait and watch the horse, the little pocket-case of occasional medicines, the dry pikes, the comfortable " lap-robe" of to-day were undreamed developments of the profession, as the old song of those days said, " when this old hat was new." A five-mile horseback ride on a bitter night, with no protection but an overcoat and a pair of " legging?," over roads roughened with " crossways" or frozen into lumps and ruts, or sloppy with thawing mud, was a rather diiferent experience from that which to-day takes a drive on a longer journey in half of the time, with less of the exposure and none of the obstacles of the road. But the faithful doctor of to-day, with all his conveniences, has a harder life than any other professional or business man.

There were no doctors in Indianapolis in the first year of the settlement (a misprint on page 29, in the list of early settlers, makes Dr. Coe a settler in the spring of 1820 instead of 1821), and there appears to have been no need of them. So it looks like a providential arrangement that in the following six months no less than five competent young doctors should come to make their homes here just in time for the malarial epidemic that prostrated the entire settlement in the summer of 1821. Dr. Samuel G. Mitchell came first, in April, 1821, from Paris, Ky. He built a log house on the site of the present State buildings, and soon afterwards built a frame house on the northwest corner of Washington and Meridian Streets, where Henry Porter, a well-known early merchant and son-in-law of the doctor, long had his store-room. He was a brother-in-law of Samuel Henderson, the first postmaster and first president of the Town Council, and first mayor. He died of paralysis, among friends in Ohio, in 1837. His ofiice for some years was a little one-story frame on the south side of Washington Street, where Charles Mayer, in 1840, opened his grocery- and gingercakestore, and where his present palatial building stands. Dr. Sanders also occupied it for a term.

Dr. Isaac Coe came here first in May, 1821, from New Jersey, and, wisely or luckily, came liberally provided with the remedies that were soon to be specially needed. Mr. Nowland's sketch of him says he was " provided with a large supply of Peruvian bark and wine," and if it had not been for his services and remedies the mortality of the epidemic would have been worse than it was. His prominence in the growth of the city is referred to in the general history. In this connection it may be noticed that he was one of the three " fund commissioners" - Caleb B. Smith and Samuel Hanna, of Fort Wayne, and afterwards Milton Stapp, of Madison, were the others - to settle the State's claims on her debtors, and to dispose of the assets she got, as the " Georgia Lands," the "Brooklyn Water Lots," the "Soap Factory," which figured largely in the political diatribes of the State contest in 1843, and the legislative sessions preceding. During this time, from 1837 or 1838 to 1841 or thereabouts, a radical change came upon Dr. Coe's professional convictions. He became indoctrinated with the views of Dr. Hahnemann, unknown in England ten years before, and introduced by Dr. Gram in New York but two years earlier. In his past practice he had been distinguished for " heroic" treatment. He gave more doses and bigger ones than anybody else. Mr. Nowland has preserved a satirical couplet suggested by this practice to the doctor's rival. Dr. Jonathan Cool, -

Dr. Jonathan Cool came during the "sickly season" of 1821, when Dr. Coe was the only one left of four who could attend to patients. He was a graduate of Princeton, a New Jersey man, and a classmate of the distinguished jurist and judge of the Supreme Court, Isaac Blackford. He had been a surgeon in the United States array before coming to Indianapolis, and stationed at Newport barracks, Kentucky. He was too far gone in dissipation, says Mr. Nowland, to practice his profession with any success after he came here, and lived with and upon his mother on a farm three miles northeast of the town ; but there were occasional stories current forty years ago or so of his suggesting remedies and effecting cures, in his better condition, that other doctors had given up as hopeless. He died about 1840, the earliest and saddest example in the city's history of fine native abilities and fine attainments ruined by liquor. Shortly before Dr. Cool came Dr. Kenneth Scudder, who opened the first drug-store in 1821 (a misprint on page 29 makes him a settler in 1820, instead of 1821). So little is said of him or remembered of him that all that can now be safely accepted is that he was one of the doctors in the great epidemic of 1821.

Dr. Livingston Dunlap came here from Cherry Valley, N. Y., in midsummer, 1821. In a few days after his arrival, while making his home with Dr. Mitchell, in the cabin where the State buildings are, he and Dr. Mitchell and all the latter's family were attacked, and Mr. Matthias Nowland, to relieve the distress, carried Dr. Dunlap home with him on his back. Dr. Dunlap was the best-known physician of the city of the early settlers. He was physician to the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, a commissioner of the Insane Asylum, a member of the City Council for several years, and founder of the City Hospital. He died in 1862.

Before Dr. Coe introduced the homoeopathic treatment here, Dr. Abner Pope came from Baltimore - originally from Massachusetts - in the spring of 1836, with the Thomsonian system, popularly called the " steam" system. It had been practiced a little by vagrant doctors, but Dr. Pope was the first settled adherent of that school. He continued in it while he continued in the profession, a dozen or fifteen years, and at the same time kept a store especially provided with vegetable remedies, as " prickly ash," " lobelia," " pocoon" or blood-root, " cohosh," " May-apple root," and scores of others, with such preparations as " number six," - liquid flames, - "bread of heaven," a dark-hued putty as of hot ashes, nevertheless pleasantly flavored, and similar stimulating remedies, in connection with a miscellaneous stock of goods such as was generally held by the merchants of that time. He, and some years later Dr. Brickett, who had been employed in the Yandes and Sheets paper-mill, were the best-known practitioners of this school. Contemporaneously with them, or nearly so, was Dr. J. F. Merrill, technically a " Uroscopean" of the school of Burns' " Dr. Hornbook ;" also an " Indian doctor," as he described himself, decorated with the nominal profusion of " William Kelly Frowhawk Fryer." He dealt in Indian baths and remedies, and sold Indian nostrums that no Indian ever heard of unless the doctor told him. These were the earliest instances of heterodox practice of which any account or memory is preserved.

In the spring of 1823 the Indiana Central Medical Society was formed to license physicians to practice, the law at that time requiring such evidences of competency. It continued in existence a good many years, but nobody knows how long. The first president was Dr. Mitchell, and the first secretary Dr. Dunlap. Since then there has been no considerable lap.se of time without a medical association of some kind, and in later years several. The " Indianapolis Medical Association," a sort of social and professional society or club, was maintained for diversion as much as instruction for several years prior to 1863, and probably formed the connecting link between the pioneer society of 1823 and the associations of larger scope and power of to-day. In 1864 it was superseded by, or combined with, a more compact and efiiective body, the " Marion County Association," and the two were formed a little later into the " Indianapolis Academy of Medicine," incorporated in October, 1865. This body has proved to be what its predecessors were meant to be, an auxiliary influence in promoting the study of medicine and its related sciences, and in supporting the character of the profession. Weekly meetings are held, essays on professional subjects prepared, and discussions of points thus or otherwise suggested carried on, with obvious good results to all concerned. Among the immediate successors of the pioneer doctors, if not of them, were a number better known than any of the earlier arrivals except Dr. Dunlap. Among these were Dr. John E. McClure, Dr. Wm. Tichnor, Dr. John H. Sanders, Dr. John L. Mothershead, Dr. G. W. Mears, Dr. John S. Bobbs, Dr. Charles Parry, all of whom came in the decade between 1828 and 1838.

Charles Parry, M.D., was born in February, 1814, a few miles from Philadelphia. His parents were Friends. His literary education was received mainly at Wilmington, Del., in a school under the charge of Samuel Smith. This gentleman was famous for his devotion to tobacco and mathematics. He was an inveterate and constant smoker, and one of the most successfril mathematical instructors. The smoking example was lost on Charles Parry. He never became a slave to tobacco in any form ; but the mathematical instruction found a mind that was well developed and strengthened under its rigid discipline, and this part of his education - cultivating his perceptive and reasoning powers, teaching him accuracy and clearness of thought - had much to do with making him in after-years a clear-headed, sagacious practitioner above the majority of physicians. No net-work of fallacies and sophistries could entangle him, but through them all he marched deliberately and steadily right onward to rest upon solid truth and fixed facts.

His classical education was defective, and knowledge of Greek and Latin he had none. This he greatly regretted, and had there not been this defect he would not only have enjoyed a wider range of medical literature than he did, but he himself would have been a frequent contributor to medical journals, and the treasures of his experience, the fruit of his ripened judgment and large understanding, would have been valuable indeed. Twice only, each time in Hays' Journal, did he break his life-long silence by speaking to the profession through the press ; but those two articles, - one an account of an operation on a limb crooked and useless from a badly-treated fracture, the operation similar to that performed by Barton for anchylosed knee, and the other on congestive fever, - though published many years ago, gave him a name ever known by all intelligent members of the profession throughout the country.

He began the study of medicine with Dr. Stokes, of New Jersey. Afterward he went to Philadelphia, entered the oflBce of the late Dr. J. K. Mitchell, subsequently the eminent professor of theory and practice in Jefferson College, and commenced attending lectures at the University. He graduated in the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania in the spring of 1835, the subject of his thesis being " Haemoptysis." Immediately upon graduating he went to Camden, N. J., and there had his first experience of the trials of a young physician. In a year or two he removed to the West by the advice of his uncle, the late Hon. O. H. Smith, then a member of the United States Senate from Indiana, settling in Connersville. Thence he removed in about two years to the capital, and here he resided until his death, a period of nearly twenty-three years.

Not at once, however, did he meet his professional success, not at once find a place in the golden field for his sickle ; other reapers monopolized the labor and the reward. He was poor, often having to borrow money to pay the postage on letters from his friends in the East; but he patiently waited until time and opportunity should vindicate his right to occupy a foremost place among practitioners of medicine and surgery. These came, and a few years found him doing as large a business as any physician in the city, possibly larger. During some seasons, when severe epidemics of malarial fever occurred, it was not unusual for him to ride sixty or seventy-five miles a day, and the night brought him no rest. Sometimes even a week would elapse without his divesting himself of his clothes, but he would sleep in a chair, in his buggy, sometimes even on horseback. No man, unless possessed of an iron constitution such as he had, could endure so great fatigue and exposure. Physically he was a remarkable man. His bodily presence was impressive. A manly, erect figure, about six feet in height, his weight over two hundred, he would have been taken in any assembly as a man of mark. ^

It is rare to find such a combination of professional abilities as existed in Dr. Parry's case. He was a superior physician and an excellent surgeon and obstetrician. His obstetrical business for some time averaged over eighty cases a year, and every year he had a greater or less number of capital operations. As a surgeon he was not a brilliant, dashing operator, but cool, collected, his eye intent upon his work, his hand steady and firm. He always knew where his knife was, and never attempted what he could not readily perform, and never operated merely for the sake of operating. His abilities as an operative surgeon were indeed excellent.

But his greatest merit was as a practitioner of medicine. It may be inferred that he was highly esteemed in this regard from a remark made by one of the most intelligent and successful practitioners at a meeting of physicians held to take action in reference to his death : " Had we been taken dangerously sick, and were we thinking whom we would prefer to attend us, the great majority would decide for Dr. Parry." This commendation was most worthily bestowed.

Dr. Parry was not rash in forming his opinion nor in jumping at conclusions. He studied disease not so much in books as at the bedside, and he thoroughly investigated a case, even if that investigation required an hour or more. He was cautious, seeking all the light he could, carefully reasoning, and his natural sagacity, logical understanding, and strong practical sense directed him almost invariably to a correct diagnosis. Seldom, indeed, could a man be found making fewer mistakes.

Dr. Parry did not hesitate to use freely, in what he believed proper cases, the lancet, mercury, and blister, and his patients got well oftener, sooner, better than they would have done under the treatment of those who in effect renounce art and rely only on nature.

In three important respects Dr. Parry's life must be pronounced a decided success. First, in the attainment of wealth ; second, in the attainment of reputation ; and third and highest, in the relief of much sufTering.

While it is pleasant to speak of his abilities and the success which crowned tlieir exercise, yet the moral aspects of his character must not be entirely neglected, and on those especially it is grateful to dwell. He was honest ; honest not merely in business transactions, but honest in all his intercourse with his professional brethren, and honest, too, in the sick-room and at the bedside, honest in matters of life and death. A deceiver in any respect he never could be.

To his friends he was generous and kind-hearted. Many a young physician knows that his start in professional life was in great measure due to the kind words and deeds of Dr. Parry. His time and invaluable counsel were ever at the service of the young practitioner in difficult cases without hope of pecuniary reward. He kindly concealed errors from the erring party, unless by plain statement of them he could prevent future mistakes. He was kind to his patients and profoundly sympathetic, though usually repressing decided manifestation, and yet he often wept with all a woman's tenderness with the father and mother over their dying child.

His was too noble a spirit to be consumed by the fires of jealousy. If families left him - a rare event in the case of any worthy ones ; his friends adhered to him with great tenacity - he cherished no unkind feeling towards their new medical adviser, attributed to him no dishonesty of conduct, cultivated no spirit of retaliation, but, without a whisper of complaint, graciously and gracefully yielded. He would listen patiently to the opinions of the youngest physician, and if they could be well established, no false pride, no prejudice kept him from at once abandoning his own and accepting them. He was not blind either to the truth of the judgments or to the abilities of others. Indeed, he was one of the most catholic of men.

His character was fixed, not fickle. Few men presented more manly front or stood more firmly on their feet than he did. He changed not from year to year. He was no April day, alternate sunshine and clouds, the light of love and the darkness of hate ; but his friendship was abiding, weakened by no lapse of time, varying not from month to month or year to year, no mean jealousy or plotting hate disturbing the equanimity of his temper or the kindness of his conduct. He was ever the same speaking of you or to you. Resentful he might have been at times when greatly wronged, but it was rarely manifested, and there were wrongs that he did not resent. He meekly forbore when others might have been provoked, lest he might say or do anything which would cause unkind feelings or pain.

Had Dr. Charles Parry enjoyed a more liberal literary education, had he been more ambitious of fame and been given a larger sphere, an arena suitable for such strength and culture, he might have placed himself among the foremost men not only of the country but of the age. His death occurred at his home in Indianapolis on the 11th of August, 1861.

John L. Mothershead

with Dr. P. H. Jameson in practice, and for three jears with Dr. Henry Jameson. Dr. Funkhouser has confined himself to practice of a general character, though his skill as a surgeon has been largely called into requisition, much of the general surgical work of the city having for a period of years come under his supervision. He was also, during the late war, connected with the military hospitals located in Indianapolis. He has been a member of the Indianapolis Medical Society, as also of the State Medical Society. In 1849, during the early years of his professional career, he was demonstrator of anatomy in the Indianapolis Medical College. In politics he has always been a pronounced Democrat, but not an active worker nor an aspirant for ofiScial position. He is a supporter of the First Baptist Church of the city of Indianapolis, of which Mrs. Funkhouser is a member. Dr. Funkhouser was married, in 1865, to Miss Amanda, daughter of Daniel Lynn, of Dearborn County, Ind. Their children are two daughters, Lizzie M. and Jessie L. J., both residing with their parents.

Dr. Patrick Henry Jameson was born in Jefferson County April 18, 1824, received a good English education in the country schools, and came to Indianapolis in the fall of 1842, where he taught school for a short time, then studied medicine with the late Dr. John H. Sanders, attended the Medical College of Louisville in 1847-48, and subsequently the Jefferson College of Philadelphia. He graduated in 1849, and began practice the same year in Indianapolis. In a short time he and Dr. Funkhouser were associated, and remained so longer than any other partners in a professional business in the city. Dr. Jameson has been president of both the Indiana Medical Society and the Indianapolis Academy of Medicine. For about eighteen years he was on the Board of Commissioners of the State Benevolent Institutions (the asylums), and wrote in that time eighteen annual reports of them ; also a report to the Indiana Society on the use of " veratrum viride" in typhoid and puerperal fevers, and an address on the " Relation of Scientific Medicine to Quackery." For five years during and after the war he was the State surgeon in charge of State and national troops in the camps and hospitals of the city. He was also assistant surgeon of the United States army for three years, and for eight years physician to the Deaf and Dumb Asylum. From 1869-79 he was president of the joint Board of Commissioners of the State Asylums, and for many years was president of the board of directors of Butler University. The Insane Asylum owes more to his vigilance and sagacity than any other man in the State, and the city of Indianapolis is not less deeply indebted to his sound and honorable financial manasrement. He entered the Council in 1863 and remained until 1869, and all the time was intrusted with the almost absolute direction of the city finances. During this period heavy sums had to be raised for bounties for volunteers, and it required masterly ability to keep affairs in good order in such an urgent and constant strait. He found the city in debt, yet, in spite of the heavy outlays, he left it with one hundred thousand dollars of current debt only, and with two hundred and sixty thousand dollars in the treasury to pay it. For the last ten years he has had associated with him his nephew. Dr. Henry Jameson, a professor in the Medical College of Indiana, and one of the most distinguished young scientists in the West. The elder doctor, June 20, 1850, married Maria, daughter of the late Ovid Butler, founder of Butler University ; the younger was married to Gertrude, daughter of H. G. Carey, the banker, in the winter of 1875.

Among the professors of the first medical college, as above stated, was Dr. John S. Bobbs, as well known almost as a skillful and adroit party manager of the Whigs as he was an accomplished and thorough physician. He was a forcible writer on any subject to which he turned his hand, and he wrote a great deal on professional and public subjects both in newspapers and special publications. In all public movements affecting the welfare of the city, whether concerning him professionally or not, he was always active and effective. A bequest of two thousand dollars he made at his death is the foundation of the " Bobbs' Dispensary," for the benefit of the suffering poor of Indianapolis, managed by the faculty of the " Medical College of Indiana." The " Bobbs' Library" is under the same direction.

City Of Indianapolis

John S. Bobbs, M.D., the subject of this biography, was born at Green Village, Cumberlaod Co., Pa., on the 28th of December, 1809. His boyhood was spent - his parents being poor - in the acquisition of such knowledge as could be obtained at the then very common schools of a country village. At the age of eighteen he wended his way on foot to Harrisburg, then, as now, the seat of government of Pennsylvania, in quest of employment. Being a lad of much more than ordinary intelligence, he attracted the attention of Dr. Martin Luther, then a practitioner of some eminence in that city. Upon a more thorough acquaintance the doctor's interest increased, and, feeling that the delicate and slender physique of his young friend unfitted him for the more rugged encounter with the world, proposed, upon the most liberal terms, his entrance to his oflBce as a student of medicine. Unhappily, this noble patron did not long survive to see with what fidelity to his own interests and with what devotion to study his protec/e had rewarded his generosity. Such indeed was the diligence with which he applied himself to books that, notwithstanding the obstacles of a deficient preliminary education, he fitted himself, with the aid of a single course of lectures, for the successful practice of his profession in less than three years. His first essay iu this direction was made at Middletown, Pa., where he remained four years. Having early determined to make surgery a specialty, he found the locality he had chosen unsuited for the work, and soon decided upon selecting some point in the great West as the field of his future labors.

In 1835 he came to Indianapolis with the view of making it his permanent residence. True to his great purpose of securing for himself distinction in his chosen profession, he now gave himself up to study, - severe, unremitting study, - both classical and professional. Soon sufficiently familiar with the languages, he bent his entire energies to investigations in his favorite department. As a means of furthering the objects of his very earnest pursuit after surgical knowledge, he concluded to avail himself of the advantages of a winter's dissections and clinical observations at Jefi'erson Medical College, where the degree of doctor of medicine was conferred upon him. Rapidly attaining a reputation throughout the length and breadth of the State which might satisfy the most vaulting ambition, he was tendered by the trustees of Asbury University the chair of surgery in the " Central Medical College," then about being established in Indianapolis, and made dean of the faculty. His lectures and operations before the class were fully up to the highest standards of the profession. His descriptions of healthy and diseased action, and the changes from the one to the other, have never been surpassed in point of clearness and accuracy and graphic force and eloquence.

" He always held his profession sacred, high above all trickery and quackery, and labored with incessant diligence to place it in public estimation upon the same footing it held in his own regard. The most earnest and eloquent words came from his heart and lips when urging upon the minds of his classes the duty of fidelity to the cause of scientific medicine. In that duty he was ever faithful, even to the moment of his death."

To the poor and needy he was always wisely kind and beneficent. When called upon professionally to attend the sick poor, he was known in innumerable instances to furnish, beside gratuitous service and necessary medicines, the means of life during their illness. The great beauty of his character, in this respect, was that his charities were always rendered without display or ostentation. He was a man of indefatigable industry, and until his death a devoted student, laboring at his books as few men work. With a slender constitution at best, and a system worn down by disease contracted in the army, he labored incessantly. His days were given to the duties of an arduous surgical practice, and his nights spent almost wholly in his library.

He was a model friend. He saw the real character of all whom he admitted to his intimacy and friendship ; and while to all the outside world he faithfully hid their faults, he candidly and fully presented them to him whose character they marred. This duty - the highest and most delicate and difficult of all the duties of friendship and of life owed by man to man - he had the good sense, discrimination, and tact to perform always without insulting or wounding his friends. He was superior to all dissimulation, and spoke the truth with such frankness and earnestness that it was impossible to take oifense at it. His friendships all stood upon a higher plane than any mere selfish interest. He accepted or rejected men as friends for their manhood or their want of it. The personal or social trappings and circamstances of men neither attracted nor repelled him. He felt and knew that and elected his friends, not for the image and superscription which family or position had impressed upon them, but for the original metal. So selected, he grappled them with hooks of steel, and never gave them up until they had shown by some violation of principle that they were unworthy of his regard. He discriminated wisely the faults that proceed from impulse and enthusiasm from those that grow out of calculation and self-interest. To the former he was as kind and forgiving as a mother to the faults of her child ; the latter he never forgave.

For a short time he engaged in politics, - not, however, as a matter of choice, but from a sense of duty. He carried with him into the public arena the same thorough and exhaustive preparation, the same scrupulous regard for truth and fair dealing, the same severe devotion to reason, and the same lofty and fiery eloquence that lent such a charm to his professional addresses. In this singular episode of his life he met the obligations of his position, and performed them so as to win the confidence and approbation of his constituents.

Dr. Bobbs was married, in 1840, to Miss Catherine Cameron, the youngest of eight children, and the sister of Hon. Simon Cameron, of Pennsylvania. He has left the record of a life fragrant with kindly deeds and memorable for its usefulness.

In May, 1869, the " Indiana Medical College" was organized mainly or wholly by the efforts of the Indianapolis Academy. It was intended in the first scheme of organization to make it a department of the State University, and obtain the aid of the State for it in that way, but a committee consisting of Dr. Bobbs, Dr. Mears, and Dr. Woodburn reported against it, and the academy concurred. A second committee of five - Drs. Waterman, Harvey, Todd, Gaston, and Kitchen - reported in favor of a home medical college, sustained by its own brains and means, and the academy concurred, adopted the proposed plan, and selected the first faculty : Dr. John S. Bobbs, President, and Professor of Principles and Practice of Surgery ; George W. Mears, Obstetrics ; Ryland T. Brown, Chemistry and Toxicology ; Robert N. Todd, Vice-President, Professor of Principles and Practice of Medicine ; L. D. Waterman, Descriptive and Surgical Anatomy ; T. B. Harvey, Treasurer, Professor of Diseases of Women and Children ; William B. Fletcher, Physiology ; F. S. Newcomer, Materia Medica and Therapeutics ; J. A. Comingor, Surgical Pathology, Orthopedic and Clinical Surgery ;

C. E. Wright, Demonstrator of Anatomy. On May 4th articles of association were reported by Dr. Bobbs, approved and signed by the other members of the faculty, and Judge Samuel E. Perkins and John

D. Howland made trustees with the faculty. The academy subscribed freely to support the institution, and it began its first session in October, 1869.

Thomas B. Haevey, M.D., who is descended from English stock, is the son of the late Dr. Jesse Harvey, of Harveysburg, Warren Co., Ohio, a physician of scientific attainments and eminence in his profession, and Elizabeth Burgess, daughter of Thomas and Betty Burgess, of Virginia. Their son, the subject of this biographical sketch, was born Nov. 29, 1827, in Clinton County, Ohio, and removed on attaining his second year to Harveysburg. His advantages of education were derived from the Harveysburg High School, an institution founded by his father, with whom, on completing his classical course, he began the study of medicine in 1846 and graduated from the Medical College of Ohio, at Cincinnati. His first field of labor was at Plainfield, Ind., to which place he removed in 1851, and continued in active practice until 1862, when he was tendered and accepted the appointment of Examining Surgeon for the Sixth Congressional District, with headquarters at Indianapolis. The doctor held this position until the close of the war. Meanwhile associations both of a professional and social character had been formed which influenced him to make

Indianapolis his permanent residence, his practice having already become extended and lucrative. During the year 1869 the Indiana Medical College was organized and Dr. Harvey appointed to the chair of professor of medical and surgical diseases of women, which he still fills. Quick and clear in apprehension, concise and vigorous in language, and a thorough master of the special branch of medical science he elucidates, his clinics are sought alike by students and active practitioners.

Dr. Harvey has been for twenty years consulting physician in the same special department at the City Hospital, as also in St. Vincent's Hospital since its organization, and has for ten years been consulting physician to the City Dispensary. He aided in the organization of the Hendricks County Medical Society, read the first paper before that body, and was subsequently its president. He also aided materially in the organization of the Indianapolis Academy of Medicine, and was honored as the first member to fill the office of president. He became a member of the State Medical Society during the third year of its existence ; was made its vice-president in 1865, and its president in 1880. He is also a member of the American Medical Association, and of the Mississippi Valley Medical Society, before which bodies he has read many able papers which showed him to be a faithful observer of the nature and forms of disease, an original thinker, and logical in his reasoning. His reputation as a physician has extended far beyond the limits of the city of his residence and caused his services to be largely sought in consultation. In his political predilections the doctor may be spoken of as descended from abolitionist stock and educated in the doctrines of that party. His grandmother Burgess (who was a Hendricks, of Virginia) accepted her patrimony in slaves that she might bring them to Ohio and liberate them. His ancestors were Quakers of the strictest sort both in their religious life and faith.

Dr. Harvey was married in 1853 to Miss Delitha, daughter of Stephen Butler, of Union County, Ind., whose ancestors were of Virginia stock. Their children are Emma, deceased, Lawson M., an attorney in Indianapolis, Frank Hamilton, deceased, Jesse B.,

Robert N. Todd, M.D. - Robert Nathaniel, son of Levi L. Todd, was born Jan. 4, 1827, near Lexington, Ky., which place had been the home of his father's family for two generations. His mother was the daughter of Capt. Nathaniel Ashby, of Virginia, and who served as an officer of the line throughout the war of the Revolution. Robert was the seventh born in a family of nine children, two of whom died in infancy ; the remainder having reached maturity, though only two survive . him. His family removed to Indiana in 1834, since which time his home was in Indianapolis and vicinity until the time of his death, which occurred on the 13th day of June, 1883.

His early advantages were indifferent. He received a common-school education such as the country at that day afforded, with such a knowledge of Latin as he could pick up (unaided by a teacher) from an old grammar and reader and a copy of " ^sop's Fables," with the reading of a few volumes of history and travel. i

Physically he was delicate, and rather a sickly boy, being frequently troubled with sore throat and glandular swellings about the neck, while he was always dyspeptic from a child. Gaining in strength and health, however, as he grew older, he performed a good deal of hard labor upon the farm', until, at the age of nineteen, he began the study of law at South Bend with Judge Liston, his brother-in-law ; but at - the expiration of a year and a half returned to the farm, where he remained until, broken down by hard labor and ill health, he was compelled, at the end of two years, to abandon farm work entirely. After having remained at home for some months an invalid he visited Dr. David Todd, of Danville, by whom he was induced to commence the study of medicine, which he did as a diversion from low spirits, not expecting ever to be well enough to turn it to practical account. His health, however, soon began to improve, and the next year he attended lectures at the old " Indiana Central Medical College," and the following year (1851) graduated, and settled the succeeding spring at Southport, where he

In the year 1861 he was appointed surgeon of the Twenty-sixth Indiana Volunteers, and went soon after with his regiment to Missouri, where he remained on duty in camp and hospital for about twenty months. Having resigned his position upon his return home, he soon after removed to Indianapolis, and again entered the government service as surgeon at Camp Morton, where, associated with Dr. Kipp, of the regular army, and under the medical directorship of Dr. Kobbs, he continued until the close of the war.

In the year following his removal to Indianapolis he was married the second time, to Mrs. Martha J. Edgar, who, with three children of his first and four of his second marriage, still survive him.

There having been no medical college since the disbanding of the old one, which occurred in 1852, in the year 1869 the organization of the Indiana Medical College was effected, in which he was chosen as teacher of theory and practice, and continued thus engaged until the spring of 1874. Shortly after, upon the organization of the College of Physicians and Surgeons (he himself having been the originator), he was assigned the same department, and held it until the union of the two medical schools in 1878 under the style of " The Medical College of Indiana." He was elected to the same chair occupied in the two other organizations, viz., principles and practice of medicine, which was filled until his death.

He was the first representative from his State upon the Judicial Council of the American Medical Association, which he held for several successive terms, and to which he was again elected, in his absence, at the last meeting.

Dr. Todd was president of the State Society in 1871, was an active worker for seven years upon the provisional board, created by the Legislature, and whose work was the erection and fitting up of the large building occupied as the female department of the Hospital for the Insane, and was one of the physicians to the Deaf and Dunib Asylum for nearly eight years. He served a single term in the Legislature as representative in 1856-57, besides which he held no position disconnected with his profession.

As a lecturer his manner was easy, dignified, and not ungraceful ; his words were well chosen, his language plain but forcible, sometimes eloquent, and always commanded the attention of his auditors.

As a teacher he was clear and explicit, easily understood, and well remembered ; talked much of the specific nature of diseases and their laws of reproduction, and dwelt largely upon the general principles of pathology and their application in special forms of diseases, frequently referring to them in the solution of minor questions.

As a practitioner of medicine he was eminently successful. His notably quick perceptive faculties, his careful and systematic methods of examination, with a comprehensive knowledge of pathology, general and special, combined to make him skillful in the diagnosis of disease ; while his ready resources and originality of thought in the application of means left him entirely independent of routine therapeutics.

His health was always inconstant, having been subject to acute attacks throughout his adult life, and these increased upon him very notably in force and frequency of late years. His robust appearance and vigorous manner and movement were deceptive as to his real condition, and from the indisposition that began in August, 1882, which was unusually prolonged and severe, he never recovered his accustomed tone, though filling most of his lecture course. With the loss of vital resistance incident to his age and condition, he sank at last under the eifects of a casualty from which he could easily have recovered a few years earlier in life. Not old, it is true, in years, but relatively as life is really to be reckoned by its vicissitudes and hardships, he was much farther advanced.

John A. Comingoe, M.D., is of German extraction, his grandfather, who was the first member of the family to emigrate, having settled in New York State and later removed to Kentucky. He married and had children, - Abram, Henry, David, Samuel, and four daughters. Samuel, of these sons, was born in 1797 in Kentucky, and remained in that

State until 1826, when he removed to Johnson County, Ind. He married Miss Mary Gibbs, of Georgia, and had children, - Henry, George, David, John A., Cynthia, Rachel, Sarah, and Jane. John A. was born on the I7th of March, 1828, in Johnson County, Ind. His youth was uneventful, the common school of the vicinity having aflForded him early instruction, after which he became a pupil of the Greenwood Academy. He early decided upon a medical career, and on completing his English course began the study of medicine with Drs. Noble and Wishard, of Greenwood. Here he continued for three years, meanwhile attending lectures at the Central Medical College of Indianapolis during the sessions of 1849-50, and graduating from the medical department of the University of New York in j 1860. Dr. Comingor practiced until 1861 at Danville, Hendricks Co., when he was appointed surgeon of the Eleventh Indiana Infantry and served until May, 1865, having participated in the engagements at Shiloh, Champion Hills, the siege of Vicksburg, Jackson, Miss., and others of minor importance. During this period of activity his duties were chiefly in the field. On returning from the service he located in Indianapolis and at once engaged in general practice, which increased as his ability and skill became more widely known. He has been physician and surgeon to the City Hospital, to St. Vincent's Hospital, and to the City Dispensary. He assisted in founding and is one of the charter members of the Medical College of Indiana, in which he has filled the chair of professor of surgery from 1869 until the present time. The doctor is a member of the State Medical Society, of the County Medical Society, of the National Association, and National Surgical Association, and has at various times read many papers of interest before these societies, and been a frequent contributor to the medical periodicals of the day. Dr. Comingor was, in 1855, married to Miss Lucy Williamson, of Greencastle, Ind., and has three children, Ada, Harry, and Carrie, all of whom reside with their parents. Dr. Comingor is at present a member of the staff of Governor Porter, with the appointment of surgeon-general of the State.

William Baldwin Fletcher, M.D., was born Aug. 18, 1837, at Indianapolis. His early years were spent upon the farm of his father (now the corner of South Street and Virginia Avenue), his first school being that held in a new log school-house which had been erected in the woods, between New Jersey and East Streets, on South Street.

He was a dreamer in school, ^nd made more progress by observation than from books. An intense love of nature made him incline to solitude, and a peculiar antagonism to customs and, social forms caused him even in childhood to be cynical and bitter. During 1853 and 1854 he attended the preparatory school of Asbury University, and went to Lancaster, Mass., in 1855 to prepare for Harvard, but his intense love of natural history caused him to abandon the idea of a regular course, and under the lectures of Louis Agassiz, and directed by Prof Sanborn Turney, he pursued geology, botany, and zoology, and finally medicine. From 1856 to 1859 his studies were carried on in New York City at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, from which he graduated in October of that year. On completing his course he settled in Indianapolis, and remained until the calling out of troops for the war of the Rebellion.

Dr. Fletcher was the first surgeon to open a military hospital in what was known as Camp Morton. He went into the field with the Sixth Indiana Infantry, and was detailed on Gen. T. A. Morris' staff. After the three months' troops returned home he was transferred to Gen. J. J. Reynolds' staff, where, until captured, he had charge of the secret service. He was captured while on detached duty at Big Spring, taken to Huntersville, Pocohontas Co., Va., in irons, brought before Gen. Robert E. Lee, and kept in solitary confinement for six weeks. He made two attempts to escape, and in the last was wounded and sent to the jail, where he remained until October, when he was tried by court-martial and ordered to execution by Gen. Donaldson. He was reprieved by Gen. Lee until further investigation could be had, and sent on to Richmond, where, through the fortunate ignorance of Sergt. (afterwards Capt.) Wirtz, his identity was lost as a special prisoner, and he was put into the oflScers' prison, from which he was paroled to take charge of the Gangrene Hospital at Rocketts, a suburb of Richmond. In March, 1862, he was paroled and sent home, when he again entered upon the practice of his profession, but during the whole war performed medical and surgical duty either for the Christian Commission or for the State and general government, visiting Stone River, Perryville, Vicksburg, etc., to bring home wounded or promote the comfort of those sick in the field. He was one of the medical examiners during the " draft," and had charge of one section of the prison hospital at Camp Morton until the war was ended.

During the years 1866 and 1867 he visited London and Paris, Glasgow and Dublin, to study in the hospitals. For thirteen years he held the various chairs of physiology, materia medica, anatomy, and theory and practice of medicine in the Indiana Medical College. He was for five years superintendent of the City Dispensary, and for fifteen years visiting surgeon or consulting physician to the City Hospital or St. Vincent's Hospital. He was first president of the Indiana State Microscopical Society.

Dr. Fletcher, besides general contributions to current literature, has written several monographs which have been largely copied in American and foreign journals, among them " The History of Asiatic Cholera," " Various Entozoa Found in Pork," " Five Cases of Trichiniasis," " Human Entozoa," " Organic Origin of Diamonds," " Natural History of Women." The doctor during the fall of 1882 became a candidate for State Senator from Marion County on the Democratic ticket, and was elected. He was, June 7, 1883, made superintendent of the Indiana Hospital for the Insane, in which capacity he is now serving. Dr. Fletcher was, in 1862, married to Miss Agnes O'Brien. Their children are Agnes W., Robert O'B., Lucy Hines, Albert Carolan, Aileen and Una (twins), and William Baldwin.

In 1874 a division occurred in the faculty of the " Indiana Medical College," and a part organized the " Indiana College of Physicians and Surgeons'' in the Talbott Block, northwest corner of Market and Pennsylvania Streets, while a part continued the old school in the block on Delaware Street opposite the courthouse. In 1878 the two institutions were brought together again, and called the " Medical College of Indiana." It now has ample and admirably-arranged rooms in the building on the northeast corner of Pennsylvania and Maryland Streets. The graduates i of the session of 1882-83 numbered fifty-three.

The present faculty is Graham N. Fitch, M.D., Emeritus Professor of the Principles and Practice of Surgery; John A. Comingor, M.D., Professor of the Bobbs Chair of Surgery and the Principles and Practice of Surgery; Thomas B. Harvey, M.D., Professor of Surgical and Clinical Diseases of Women ; Isaac C. Walker, M.D., Professor of Diseases of the Mind and Nervous System; Henry Jameson, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Children ; John Chambers, M.D., Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine and of Clinical Medicine ; C. E. Wright, M.D., Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics; J. L. Thompson, M.D., Profes,sor of Diseases of the Eye and Ear ; J. W. Marsee, M.D., Professor of Anatomy and Mechanical and Clinical Surgery ; Alembert W. Bray ton, M.D., Professor of Chemistry and Toxicology ; George L. Curtiss, M.D., Professor of Physiology ; James H. Taylor, M.D., Demonstrator of Anatomy ; William F. Hays, M.D., Librarian and Assistant to the Chair of Chemistry ; J. A. Haugh, M.D., Curator of the Museum ; F. A. Morrison, M.D., Asssistant Demonstrator of Anatomy and Prosector ; W. N. Wishard, M.D., Assistant to the Chair of Principles and Practice of Medicine ; L. S. Henthorn, M.D., Assistant to the Chair of Obstetrics ; F. M. Wiles, M.D., Assistant to the Chairof Materia Medica and Therapeutics ; J. E. Hoover, M.D., Prosector to the Chair of Anatomy ; Oliver Wright, Janitor.

Isaac C. Walker, M.D. - The family of Dr. Walker are of English descent, the earliest representative in America having settled in Virginia. William Walker, his grandfather, a native of the latter State, resided in Wilmington, Ohio, where he engaged in farming employments. Among his chilir.-, B.o<|l F.a dren was Azel, born in Waynesville, Ohio, in 1802, who became a manufacturer in Wilmington, and later an extensive land-owner. He married Miss Elizabeth P., daughter of Joshua Robinson, of Logan County ,_ Ohio, and had children, - Edward B., deceased, a promising lawyer; Isaac C. ; Cyrus M., a pork merchant in Wilmington, Ohio ; John R., deceased, a practicing physician in Wilmington; Louis C, one of the judges of the Superior Court of Indianapolis; Calvin B., deputy commissioner of pensions at Washington, and author of a work on pension law ; Amos J., a wholesale druggist and member of the firm of Walling & Co., of Indianapolis ; Eliza Ann and Martha J., of Richmond, Ind. Mr. Walker's death occurred in Wilmington at the age of sixtyeight years, and that of Mrs. Walker, in Richmond, at the age of seventy-two years. Their son Isaac C. was born July 30, 1827, in Wilmington, where his early youth was devoted to study. His education having been completed at the Wilmington Seminary in 1846, he immediately began the study of medicine with Dr. Amos T. Davis, of Wilmington, with whom he continued three years, after which he attended a course of lectures at the old Cleveland Medical College, and graduated from the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery and the University of Louisville, Ky. After a brief period of practice with his preceptor, he removed to Peru, Ind., and there continued until his advent in Indianapolis in 1870, where his abilities soon gave him a leading rank in the profession, and brought an extended and lucrative practice. He is frequently called in consultation in remote parts of the State as an acknowledged authority on diseases of the mind and nervous system. He was one of the founders of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Indiana, and was at its organization elected to the chair of diseases of the mind and nervous system. This college was, after an existence of five years, consolidated with the Indiana Medical College, the institution becoming the Medical College of Indiana, in which the doctor fills the same professorship.

He is in his political affiliations a Republican, and was in 1878-79 elected to the City Council, of which he was president during the latter year. He is a

Presbyterian in his religious associations, and worships with the congregation of the First Presbyterian Church of Indianapolis, of which Mrs. Walker is a member. Dr. Walker was, in May, 1852, married to Miss Margaret A., daughter of John Constant, of Wilmington, Ohio. Their children are two sons, - John C, a practicing physician in Indianapolis, and Frank B., who is engaged in the commission business.

Dr. Walker is a member of the Marion County Medical Society, of which he was president in 1880. He is a member of the State Medical Society, of the American Medical Association, and of the Tri-State Medical Society. He was, in 1882, elected dean of the faculty of the Medical College of Indiana. The doctor is an occasional and valued contributor to the medical journals of the day. His article on the subject and treatment of cerebral hemorrhage, inspired by the circumstances connected with the death of Dr. James S. Anthon, is regarded as an important contribution to medical literature, and pronounced by the most eminent authority in the West " a philosophic and most excellently written paper, and one of the ablest he had read." Another on " Leucocythsemia," a condition in which there is an increase of the white corpuscles, the result of which is a general enlargement of the lymphatic glands, attracted marked attention.

Charles E. Wright, M.D., was bom in Indianapolis, Ind., on the 1st of November, 1843. His collegiate education was obtained at the Indiana Asbury University, at Greencastle, in that State, after which he became a student of medicine at the Medical College of Ohio, in Cincinnati, where he graduated in March, 1868. Immediately after he settled in his native city in the practice of his proprofession, making a specialty of diseases of the eye, ear, and nose, in which branches he is universally regarded as an expert, and in which his practice has become extended. His success in these specialties is exceptional as the result of profound knowledge of the science of medicine and marked ability. Dr. Wright is a member of the Indiana Academy of Sciences, and in 1868 was its secretary. He is also a member of the Marion County Medical Society, and of the Indiana State Medical Society. In

1869 he was demonstrator of anatomy in the Indiana Medical College, and subsequently professor of materia medica, therapeutics, and diseases of the eye and ear in the same institution, of which he was at various times both secretary and president. He is also a member of the staff at the City Hospital, physician to St. John's Home for Invalids, and was for four years physician to the Blind Asylum. In 1875 and 1876 he was president of the Indianapolis Board of Health ; filled the same oflSce, in connection with the Indiana Medico-Legal Fraternity, in 1877 and 1878, and at present occupies the chair of materia medica and therapeutics in the Medical College of Indiana and the medical department of Butler University. During the war of the Rebellion he held the position of quartermaster-sergeant of the camp of instruction, and was later superintendent of commissary stores at Nashville, Tenn., and chief clerk of the commissary of the subsistence department of Kentucky in the Union army. He was appointed surgeon-general on the staff of Governor Williams in July, 1878, with the rank of colonel, and is now chief of staff of St. Vincent's Hospital. Dr. Wright's contributions to the medical literature of the day have been numerous and important, covering the whole period of his professional life, his thesis on " Spontaneous Evolution" having been published in the Western Journal of Medicine in March, 1868, and his reports of " Diseases of the Eye and Ear" in the " Transactions of the Indiana State Medical Society" for 1870 and 1871. He was for some time editor of the Indiana Medical Journal., to which he contributed many editorials, reports of cases, etc., that attracted -attention. In literary circles outside the profession Dr. Wright has always been a leading spirit, and active in the organization of some of the most important associations in the city of Indianapolis, having been president of the Scottish Rite Dramatic Association since its organization. He is an active member of the Masonic order, in which he has attained the thirtythird degree, is a member of Raper Commandery, No. 1, of Knights Templar of Indianapolis, and also medical examiner of the Knights of Pythias. In politics he is an ardent Democrat. In religion he is liberal toward all sects and creeds, and not sectarian in his faith. Dr. Wright was married in November, 1870, to Miss Anna Haugh, of Indianapolis. Their children are Charlotta and Charles E., Jr. ^ As previously related, the homoeopathic practice was introduced here by Dr. Coe after his conversion, about 1838, but it was some years before anybody else came to give his system support and countenance. The first was Dr. Van Buren, who came about 1843, and established a fair practice, which he maintained till near 1850. In 1844 the late Dr. Konradin Homburg came, and for a time practiced homoeopathy, but in time he approached the regular school pretty closely, and practiced chiefly on the allopathic system, though to the last he is said to have had patients who demanded homoeopathic treatment. In 1852, Dr. Wright, of the Hahnemann school, came; in 1855, Dr. Shaw, and in 1856, Dr. Corliss, who remains. In 1868 a State organization of this school was made, and in 1873 a county society was formed, both still in vigorous existence. No school or college of this medical persuasion has ever been opened here, but some two years ago a dispensary was established on West Ohio Street, near Meridian, and maintained for about a year. Among the most prominent and successful of this school is Dr. J. A. Compton, from whom the information in this brief statement is obtained.

Joshua Augustine Compton, M.D. - Tradition relates that four brothers of the Compton family emigrated from England, two of whom settled in New York, one in New Jersey, and one in Virginia. From one of these brothers was descended Joshua Compton, the grandfather of Dr. Compton, who was born at Liberty Corner, Somerset Co., N. J., Jan. 15, 1779, where he subsequently became a farmer. He married a Miss Catharine Cazad (originally spelled Casatt or Gazatt), and had children, - Mercy, Lydia, Catharine, Mary, Reuben, Anthony, Joshua, and Israel. Reuben, of this number, was born March 25, 1803, at Liberty Corner, N. J., and continued actively employed as a farmer until twenty-one years of age, when he removed to Western New York and engaged in mercantile pursuits. He married Miss Catharine Rhoades and had children, - Mary A., Joshua Augustine, Catharine, Reuben, William, Anthony, Sarah

Israel, Lydia, and Charles. The death of Mr. Compton occurred in Bradford, Steuben Co., N. Y., July 20, 1871. His wife still survives and resides at Bradford.

Jo.shua A., the subject of this biography, was born Feb. 26, 1835, in Bradford, N. Y. Excellent opportunities were at that day afforded at the Bradford Academy, where the doctor's earlier studies were pursued ; not without difficulty, however, for he had at twelve years of age a severe attack of pneumonia that left him with weak lungs, which the confinement incident to close application greatly aggravated, necessitating the frequent postponement of his studies for months at a time. He had long before fixed his mind on the law, and in 1862 entered Chancy J. Herring's office at Corning, N. Y., but remained only a few months, the confinement being irksome to him. During the fall of that year his father sent him to look after the welfare of his brother William who had been wounded at the battle of Antietam, and sent to the Fifth and Buttonwood Streets Hospital of Philadelphia. While there the doctor had the range of the hospital, and embraced the opportunity which offered of hearing most of the clinics. He also had a special invitation from the faculty of the college at Sixth and Willow Streets to attend many of their lectures during the winter of 1862-63, which he embraced. He had early become distrustful of the efficacy of old physic and espoused the water-cure system. He took a water-cure journal, purchased Dr. Trail's " Encyclopaedia," studied and applied it in his own case ; not having found the desired relief under that treatment, he was induced in the spring of 1863 to try the homoeopathic, which was speedily followed by a permanent cure. The doctor was so elated over the result that he immediately adopted the medical profession as his life-work, and began study about the first of May of that year with Dr. G. C. Hibbard, at Springville, Erie Co., N. Y. He attended his first regular course of lectures in 1864-65 at the New York Homoeopathic College. Occupying the summer months in the practice of his chosen profession at White's Corners, Erie Co., N. Y., where he practiced through a severe epidemic of dysentery without the in the fall, and graduated at the Western Homoeopathic College with high honors in the spring of 1866, I having acted as demonstrator of anatomy for his cla-ss ] during his period of study. The West then opened an inviting field of labor to young men engaged in professional or business pursuits, and Dr. Compton determined upon Indiana as his future home. He first opened an office in Muncie, Delaware Co., May 1, 1866, and remained until 1873, meanwhile establishing a reputation for ability and skill which won him both practice and profit, embracing among his patients many of the most wealthy and influential families of the city. Having faith, however, in his own capacity and ambition to fill a larger sphere than was possible within the limits of a country town, he sought the metropolis of the State. Here his professional attainments gave him a leading position and a lucrative and extended practice. He has been so successful as seldom to have lost a case when given full control of it. Dr. Compton is a member of the Erie County (New York) Medical Society, a charter member of the Indiana Institute of Homoeopathy, which he was instramental in organizing, and of which he was elected vice-president, member of the American Institute of Homoeopathy, of the Marion County Horaoeopathio Association, and of the Hahnemannian International Association of Homoeopathy.

He gives but little time to affairs of a political character, though a supporter of the principles of the Republican party. He is a member of the Muncie Commandery of Knights Templar. Dr. Compton was educated in the religious creed of the Protestant Episcopal Church.

In 1873-74 the Physio-Medical College of Indiana was organized, and has annually issued its notices and collected its pupils since. This school of medicine seems to be an enlarged and systematized form of the Thomsonian practice, which a recent address of one of the professors. Dr. Davidson, traces to Dr. Kittredge, of New Hampshire, in 1788, and to Dr. Thomson, of the same State, eight years later. The following is the faculty of the Indiana Physio- Medical College for 1883-84 : George Hasty, M.D., Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine and Clinical Medicine ; E. Anthony, M.D., Professor of the Principles and Practice of Surgery ; C. T. Bedford, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children; G. N. Davidson, M.D., Professor of Botany, Materia Medica, and Therapeutics; J. M. Thurston, M.D., Professor of Histology and Physiology ; William A. Spurgeon, M.D., Professor of Surgical Anatomy ; W. W. Logan, M.D., Professor of General and Descriptive Anatomy ; J. Redding, M.D., Professor of Microscopy and Pathological Histology ; J. P. Julian, M.D., Professor of Chemistry and Toxicology ; John Young, LL.D., Lecturer on Medical Jurisprudence ; A. W. Fisher, M.D., Lecturer on Diseases of the Rectum ; M. Veenboer, M.D., Lecturer on Sanitary Science ; C. T. Bedford, M.D., Secretary of the Faculty; E.

Sanitary Science; Joseph Eastman, M.D., Secretary, Professor of Medical and Surgical Diseases of Women, and of Clinical Surgery ; George N. Duzan, M.D., Professor of Physiology and Clinical Medicine ; R. iVench Stone, M.D., Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, and Clinical Medicine ; Ira A. E. Lyons, M.D., Professor of Diseases of the Eye and Ear ; John A. SutcliiFe, A.M., M.D., Professor of Anatomy and Genito-Urinary Diseases ; Philip S. Baker, A.M., M.D., Professor of Chemistry jind Toxicology; W. H. Thomas, M.D., Demonstrator of Anatomy and Lecturer on Osteology ; J. I. Rooker, M.D., Lecturer on Physical Diagnosis ; Hon. John Coburn, Lecturer on Medical Jurisprudence ; J. T. Barker, M.D., Lecturer on Physiology; S. E. Earp,

In 1879 the Central College of Physicians and Surgeons was organized, and excellent quarters fitted up in the upper stories of the Ryan Block, northwest corner of Tennessee Street and Indiana Avenue. The session of 1882-83 had forty-four matriculates and twenty-three graduates. In this college two prizes are oflFered annually, one a gold medal, presented by the faculty on commencement day to the member of the graduating class who shall have obtained the highest general average in all the departments at the final examination ; the other is presented by Dr. John C. Waters, an Irish physician, a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin, and equally distinguished in Ireland as a politician and patriot and physician. It is a gold medal awarded on commencement day to the student in the graduating class who passes the best competitive examination in the pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of the diseases of the respiratory organs.

Button, M.D., Prosector to the Chair of Anatomy; John B. Long, M.D., Assistant Demonstrator of Anatomy and Curator of the Museum ; Thomas Low, Janitor.

Hon. William S. Haymond, M.D. - The family of Dr. Haymond are of English descent. His grandfather was William Haymond, who was born in Frederick County, Md., and at an early day followed the profession of a surveyor. He was deputized soon after the Revolutionary war, in which he participated, to make surveys in behalf of the State in West Virginia, and before embarking on this expedition passed an examination as to his qualifications at William and Mary College, Virginia. He was endowed with rare mathematical ability, and wrote a practical and original treatise on trigonometry which was never published. He married Cassandra Cleland, and later Jlary Powers. Among his children was Cyrus Haymond, born near the town of Clarksburg, in West Virginia, who followed the business of surveying and farming until he became an octogenarian. Though enjoying but ordinary advantages of education, he possessed the 20th of February, 1826, in Harrison County, near Clarksborough, Ind., where his early years were passed. His early education was gained at a log school-house of primitive construction. These limited opportunities stimulated a desire for further study and the possession of a greater number of books than were then at his command. He at the age of eighteen engaged in teaching, meanwhile pursuing his studies and becoming proficient in the science of mathematics. For a limited period surveying and engineering engaged his time and energies, after which, at the age of twenty-three, he began the study of medicine at Clarksburg, Va., with Dr. John Edmondson of that place. He attended two courses of lectures at the Medical College of Cincinnati, and later became a student of the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, graduating from both of these institutions. He chose Monticello, Ind., as an advantageous point for a young practitioner, and having met with success in his practice remained thus located until 1877. Dr. Haymond rapidly rose in his profession and soon took rank among the leading physicians of the county, established a reputation for skill in surgery, to which branch of practice he has since devoted special attention. He has also contributed many able and valuable papers to the medical journals of the day on subjects of peculiar interest to the profession. His range of study has not been confined to the sciences and mathematics, but in its scope has included the languages, in several of which he is proficient. He served during the war of the Rebellion as assistant surgeon of the Forty-sixth Indiana Volunteers, and was for weeks stationed at Fort Pillow. During his service he was on several occasions detailed for important duty at general hospitals. He was in 1874, as a Democrat, elected a member of the Forty-fourth Congress, and served on the Committees on Banking and Currency, bringing much financial ability and judgment to bear in the discharge of his duties. He distinguished himself as a speaker, his eulogy on the death of Speaker Kerr having been pronounced the finest literary effort of the occasion. Other speeches, on the subject of finance, internal improvements, etc., attracted marked attention. The doctor is a member of the White

County Medical Society, of the Marion County Medical Society, of the Tri-State Medical Society, and of the Indiana State Medical Society. He is professor of the principles and practice of surgery in the Central College of Physicians and Surgeons of Indianapolis, and dean of the faculty. He is also actively engaged in practice in that city. Dr. Haymond was, in 1853, married to Miss Mary M., daughter of Abel T. Smith, of White County, Ind. Both the doctor and Mrs. Haymond are members of the Central Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church of Indianapolis.

Among the arrivals of the last thirty or thirty-five years have been a number of physicians who now hold or have lately held the first places in public estimation and patronage. Among these, and specially noted for his treatment of cancer without the use of the knife, is Dr. E. Howard, who has maintained a cancer hospital on his system of treatment, on South Illinois Street near Georgia, for a quarter of a century or more.

Edward Howard, M.D., is of English, Scotch, and Irish ancestry, and the son of George Howard, who was born in Germany, and having at the age of sixteen emigrated to America, settled in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he followed the butcher's craft until his later removal to Warren County, Ohio, where he cultivated a farm during the remainder of his life. He was married to Miss Susan Pierce, and had children (nine in number), as follows : Nancy, George, Mary, Elizabeth, Sarah, Edward, Washington, Susan, and Noble P. Edward, of this number, was born in Warren County, Ohio, on the 21st of February, 1815, and prior to his fifteenth year resided in the county of his birth. He was then apprenticed to David Taylor, of Middletown, Ohio, and served three years at the trade of a saddler, after which he pursued this vocation in the city of Cincinnati. He became, in 1835, a resident of Decatur County, Ind., and general manager for the business of Thomas G. Anderson. The doctor continued thus eoiployed until the fall of 1836, when he was married to Miss Clarissa, daughter of Nathaniel Lewis, M.D., of the same county, the ceremony having occurred on the 8th of September of that year. Their children are two sons, - Lewis N. and William O. Dr. Howard soon after began and continued the study of medicine with Dr. Lewis for four years, after which he engaged in general practice in Decatur County, Ind. In 1855 he came to Indianapolis and opened an oflSce as a specialist in the treatment of cancer and chronic diseases. He has for twenty- eight years resided in the : capital of the State, and during this time followed ' his specialty with signal success and performed some remarkable cures. The condition of many of his patients, who after a period of thirty years from the j time of treatment are enjoying excellent health, is a i sufficient tribute to his ability and skill. His son Lewis N. is associated with his father in his special branch of practice. Dr. Howard is in his political convictions free from partisan feeling, and chooses for office men of integrity and ability, irrespective of party ties. He has never participated in the exciting scenes of a political campaign, and does not aspire to the honors of office. He is in religion a supporter of all religious denominations, but more especially of the Presbyterian Church, of which Mrs. Howard is a member.

George W. New, M.D. - The grandfather of Dr. New was Jethro New, a native of Kent County, Del., who was born Sept. 20, 1757. He served under Gen. Washington in the war of Independence, and was one of the guard over the unfortunate Andre, whose execution he witnessed. He married Sarah Bowman, also a native of Kent County, Del., the mother of Elder John Bowman New, who was born in Guilford County, N. C, on the 7th of November, 1793. Soon after Mr. and Mrs. New removed to Franklin County, Ky., and later took up land in Owen County, where their son received his earliest rudimentary instruction. Subsequently he served in the war of 1812. The religious sentiment was early developed in him, and formed the controlling element in his later career. He received religious instruction with great readiness of mind, and at a very tender age became a Christian. At the age of sixteen he conceived the idea of becoming a preacher of the gospel. This plan was eventually carried into execution, and Elder New became one of the most devout and earnest of the pioneer preachers of the State of Indiana. His exhortations were effective, his style argumentative, his manner eccentric. His area of usefulness was widely extended, while his bold and fearless defense of the truth gave him a commanding influence in various parts of the State where he was accustomed to labor. He married Miss Maria Chalfant on the 19th of February, 1818.

Their son, George W. New, was born in Madison, Ind., on the 27th of February, 1819, and early removed to Vernon, Ind., where his youth was spent. He received an academic education, the intervals from study having been spent in labor on the farm or in the shop of a neighboring cabinetmaker. From 1836 to 1838 he became interested in the study of forestry and botany, and in 1837 began the study of medicine under Dr. W. Clinton Thompson, of Indianapolis. After a thorough course he graduated at the Medical College of Ohio in the spring of 1840. He chose Greensburg, Ind., as the field of his earliest professional labors, and formed a copartnership with Dr. Abram Carter, a student of Dr. B. W. Dudley, of Lexington, Ky., a physician of repute. Dr. New was, on the 1st of November, 1841, married to Miss Adelia, daughter of Dr. Carter. Their children are Frank R., born June 14, 1843, and Orlando, whose birth occurred Sept. 1, 1845, the latter of whom is deceased. The doctor when he settled in Greensburg was the only graduate in the county, and speedily attained a practice which extended to the adjacent counties, having performed all the surgical operations for a wide area of territory. He removed in 1860 to Indianapolis, and in April, 1861, during the late war, entered the army as surgeon of the Seventh Regiment Infantry, Indiana Volunteers, receiving the first commission as surgeon issued by Governor Morton. After three months' service in West Virginia, where he dressed the first amputated leg of the war and attended the first wounded Federal colonel, the regiment was reorganized and the doctor continued as its surgeon. He followed the fortunes of this regiment until the fall of 1864, and no case of surgery under his charge proved fatal, though he had the supervision of an operating table on the occasion of every battle. During this time he was surgeon-in-chief both of a brigade and of a corps. In the fall of 1864 he was commissioned by Governor Morton Military Agent of Indiana, and assigned to the Department of the Gulf, with headquarters at New Orleans. At the close of the war he was commissioned by the Secretary of the Treasury examiner of drugs for the port of New Orleans, and returned to Indianapolis in 1867, after an absence of six and a half years, where he has since engaged in the active pursuit of his profession. He is a member of the American Medical Association and of the State Medical Society. He is also connected with the Masonic fraternity. The doctor was formerly a Whig in his political convictions, but may now be spoken of as a conservative Republican, though with little taste for the active and exciting scenes of a political campaign. In religion he became in early life a member of the Christian Church.

Alois D. Gall, M.D., who at the time of his death stood in the front rank of the medical profession in the West, was of German birth and parentage. He was the son of Alois D. Gall, who resided in Wiel-die-Stadt, Wiirtemberg, whose life was passed in mercantile pursuits. The subject of this brief biographical sketch was born in the above-mentioned town March 16, 1814, and there the early years of his life were spent. With a decided bent for learning and an aptness in acquiring knowledge, he went to Stuttgart, and there continued his studies. On completing his course his young and adventurous spirit, which desired an expansion it could not then find in his own country, prompted him to seek in the United States a field for the exercise of his abilities. In 1842, therefore, he came to this country and settled in Green Bay, Wis., where he purchased land, and where he remained for one year, after which he removed to Pittsburgh, Pa., and studied medicine with Dr. Gross. Previous to emigrating to this country he had married in Stuttgart, in 1839, Caroline E. Hock, of that city, and with this willing helpmeet in a strange land they climbed the hill together. After his graduation in medicine his first medical service was at Zellianoble, Pa., whence, after a year of active and laborious practice, he removed to Slippery Rock, in the same State, and subsequently to Portersville, also in Pennsylvania. The struggles of the young physician need not be here enumerated. The early days of his practice in those villages of the Keystone State were a rugged discipline that gave him strength and courage for other and larger fields in the years to come, and enabled him to bear greater responsibilities. In 1847 he removed to Indianapolis, where he at once established a successful practice which was continued until 1853, when he was appointed United States consul at Antwerp, Belgium, which position he held through the administrations of Presidents Pierce and Buchanan. In this responsible position he merited and received the hearty approbation of his government and of all her citizens with whom he came in contact, discharging all the duties of his office with honor to himself and credit to the power he represented. As an illustration of this, it may be said that he was immensely popular with all American captains who put in at the port of Antwerp, and that, as an expression of their appreciation of his fidelity to the United States and the interests of her citizens abroad, they presented him a beautiful and elaborately wrought gold-headed cane, which he always counted among the chief of his treasures. In 1860 he returned to Indianapolis, to be met with the warmest greetings of old and appreciative friends, and resumed his professional labors. In 1861, feeling the call of duty, he entered the army as surgeon of the Thirteenth Indiana Regiment. Within a brief period he was appointed brigade surgeon, and later, his ripe experience as a physician and surgeon becoming known, medical director of Gen. Peck's corps. After three years of arduous duty in the field, resulting in the impairment of his health, he resigned. Previous to returning home the officers of his regiment, who well knew his army services and the self-sacrificing spirit in which they had been given, presented him a magnificent sword as a testimonial of their appreciation and esteem.

his time and talents until his death, which occurred on the 11th of February, 1867, of apoplexy, after a brief illness. He was a member of Centre Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, of Indianapolis, of the Chapter, and of Raper Commandery, No. 1, Knights Templar, of which he was at one time generalissimo. Though always a stanch Democrat politically, and much relied upon in the counsels of that party, he cared nothing for the honors and emoluments of office for himself, his inclination and duty keeping him in the path of his profession.

Dr. Gall was of a warm and sanguine temperament, and genial as summer to his friends, whose name was legion. To the younger members of the profession was this kindliness most freely given, and his encouragement, advice, and assistance many of the most prosperous of the Indianapolis physicians of to-day now hold as a sweet and pleasant recollection. There are numerous anecdotes of his medical fortitude and heroism current in the profession to-day, for he was a man who shirked no duty and was absolutely without fear.

Dr. Alois D. Gall and his widow, who survives him, had children, - Bertha (Mrs. Fred. P. Rush), born in Stuttgart, John Wallace Albert, born in 1842, in Green Bay, Wis., Edmund F., born in 1816, at Portersville, Pa., and Louis Washington, born in 1850, in Indianapolis, who died in 1851. A niece. Miss Carrie Gall, born in Memphis, Tenn., has since her childhood resided in the family.

In 1855, as noted in the sketch of the history of the press. Dr. John C. Walker was one of the proprietors and editors of the Sentinel. He remained in the city much of the time till 1862 or 1863, when his political views and conduct suggested a temporary residence abroad. He was elected State printer in 1859. Returning some few years ago, he practiced his profession in the city till he received an important position in the Insane Asylum, where he remained till his death last year.

Hon. John C. Walker, M.D. - The Walkers were of Scotch-Irish stock, and emigrated to Pennsylvania early in the seventeenth century. Benjamin Walker, a veteran soldier of the Revolution, at the close of the war returned to his home, on the Susquehanna, near Harrisburg. In some trouble with the Indians his father was captured, murdered, and, it was said, burned at the stake. Peace having been restored, a band of Indians encamped near the town, and one night two of them were overheard by Benjamin Walker relating the circumstance of the murder of his father. When the Indians departed he and his brother followed, overtook them, and after a desperate encounter killed both. The fight began near a high bank overlooking the river, Benjamin and his adversary rolling into the water below, where he succeeded in drowning the latter. This affair having occurred in time of peace, Benjamin Walker was outlawed by proclamation of the Governor, and with his wife (a Miss Crawford) and several small children embarked in canoes on the Ohio River and ultimately reached Dearborn County, Ind. He secured property, established a saw- and later a grist-mill. At his home, on Laughery Creek, he was frequently visited by Daniel Boone, the celebrated hunter. He reared a large family of children, among whom was John C. Walker, a prominent citizen and member of the State Senate, who married Frances Allen, of Virginia, and resided for a period of years at Shelbyville, Ind. He was a large contractor in the building of the Michigan pike road, and with the land-scrip in which the contractors were paid purchased large tracts in La Porte and adjoining counties. At one time he was said to be the largest land-owner in the State.

He was an incorporator, with John Hendricks, of Shelbyville, George H. Dunn, and John Test, of Lawrenceburg, and others, of the first railroad built in Indiana, the Lawrenceburg and Indianapolis, chartered Feb. 2, 1832. A condition of the charter was that the work should be under way within three years. The difficulties and delays incident to so great an enterprise at that early day seemed to threaten a forfeiture of the charter, to avert which John C. Walker threw up a grade, laid ties, and put down rails of hewn timber for a mile and a quarter from Shelbyville, and with a wooden car drawn by horses opened the road for passenger travel on the 4th of July, 1834. "Walker's Railroad" is still remembered by many old citizens.

1836, and died ten years later. The children of ; Mr. and Mrs. Walker were William, James (deceased), and Benjamin, of Chicago ; Mrs. McCoy, of California ; Mrs. Cummins and Mrs. Holcombe, of Indianapolis ; Mrs. Teal (deceased), of Shelbyville, Ind. ; Mrs. Ludlow and Mrs. Garland Rose (both deceased), of La Porte, Ind. ; and the subject of this sketch. Dr. John C. Walker, who was born in 1 Shelbyville, lud., on the 11th of February, 1828. , He was educated by his brother-in-law, Professor j F. P. Cummins, an eminent teacher and minister. He possessed a strong and active intellect, was a good : student and diligent reader, and, though his regular studies were interrupted by an injury to his eyes, he acquired a large store of information and varied accomplishments.

Early in his career he purchased the La Porte Times, which, as editor and proprietor, he made the most influential paper in Northern Indiana. It was the first paper in the State, perhaps in the country, to antagonize the methods and dogmas of the Know- Nothing party, then becoming powerful for evil. Its editor was soon recognized as a man of mark. He was elected to the Legislature of 1853, and took a high rank in that body. One of his reports was published in full by State Superintendent Larrabee in his edition of the school laws, with the following introductory note : " In order to explain in the best manner possible the act of March 4, 1853, amending the school law, I would call attention to the following clear, concise, and beautiful report made to the House of Representatives by Mr. John C. Walker, of La Porte, chairman of the Committee on Education." He was then twenty-three years of age. In March, 1855, he purchased, with Charles Cottom, now of the New Albany Ledger, the Indianapolis Sentinel, which he edited for nearly a year, making it, though at a heavy loss financially, a powerful party organ. In 1856 he was nominated for Lieutenant-Governor on the ticket with the eloquent Willard, but being under the constitutional age he was obliged to withdraw. A. A. Hammond, who was substituted in his place, became Governor of Indiana by the untimely death of Governor Willard. Resuming control of the La Porte Times, he was chosen by his party, in

1858, to make the race for Congress against Schuyler Colfax, then editor of the South Bend Tribune. This contest resulting unfavorably, he began preparing for the notable campaign of 1860, in which he played a distinguished and honorable part, supporting with vigor and success, and against powerful opponents, the Douglas wing of the party.

Col. John C. Walker was aW^ar Democrat, and took the first opportunity to enter the service of the Union. He was elected to command the Thirty-fifth Indiana Volunteers by the captains of the regiment in the fall of 1861, and with it went to the field early in the winter thereafter. For a while he was stationed near Bardstown, Ky., where he soon established a high character among his brother-officers and the people of that town and neighborhood. He was, while there, and as early as Jan. 17, 1862, a member of a board for the examination of officers touching their qualifications and fitness for the service, and in that capacity evinced a large knowledge of tactics and the details of the military art. He displayed great ability as a drill-officer and disciplinarian, and brought his regiment rapidly to a high state of efficiency in all soldierly qualities. From Bardstown he was ordered farther South, and in the spring and summer of 1862 was employed constantly in active service in Tennessee, marching over much of that great State. His last service was performed without orders from any superior, but under the highest instincts and most chivalric sense of soldierly honor, in marching with his regiment forty miles to Murfreesborough when that place was about to be attacked. For this gallant act he "received the formal and written approval of Gen. Buell." He was soon after stricken down with typhoid fever, and his health, never very robust, required relaxation and rest. His commanding officer, under these circumstances, gave him leave to return to Indiana. He did so, and while at his home, at La Porte, Governor Morton, without the slightest intimation of any fault in his career as an officer or offense at his presence at home, procured his dismissal or discharge from the army. Not for disloyalty, not foir incompetence, not for cowardice was this done. He was the very beau ideal of a soldier, and a thousand men perhaps yet live in Indiana who can say that no Bayard

Samuel McGaughey, M.D. - David MoGaughey, the grandfather of the doctor, was of Scotch-Irish descent, though a native of Scotland. He married a Miss Litle, and had five daughters and four sons, among whom was Robert L., the father of the subject of this biography. He married Mary Ann, daughter of Ezekiel Clark, to whom were born six sons and six daughters. The birth of Samuel, the third son, occurred July 22, 1828, in Franklin County, Ind., where his life until his eighteenth year was passed in the improvement of such educational advantages as the vicinity afforded. After a brief period of teaching, finding his tastes in harmony with an active professional career, he began the study of medicine with Dr. D. S. McGaughey, of Morristown, Shelby Co., Ind., under whose preceptorship he continued for three years. During this time he attended three courses of lectures at the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, from which institution he graduated in 1851. His first field of labor was at Palestine, Hancock Co., Ind., where he located the following year. He subsequently spent two years in Marietta, Shelby Co., and in May, 1856, made Acton, Marion Co., his residence. He at once engaged in practice of a general character, which steadily increased until it became extensive and laborious. He was for a brief period associated with Dr. P. C. Leavitt, a very successful practitioner, who served with credit in the army, and on his return resumed his practice, which was continued until his death. ' Dr. McGaughey is a Republican in politics, though neither his tastes nor the demands of his profession lead to active participation in the political events of the day. He is identified with the order of Masonry, and a member of Pleasant Lodge, No. 134, of Free and Accepted Masons, of Acton. He is descended from Scotch Presbyterian stock, and a member of the Acton Presbyterian Church, as also one of its trustees. Dr. McGaughey was in 1852 married to Miss Ann A., daughter of Daniel \V. Morgan, to whom were born children, - Robert and Otto Livingston. Mrs. McGaughey died in 1857, and he was again married in 1858 to Miss Mary S. Boal, whose children are Rachel, Mellie (deceased), Elizabeth (deceased), Jennie, and Samuel.