Marion County, Indiana - Chapter 13: Military Matters, 1884 (part 1 of 2)

Military Companies. - Military show is as much an American passion as money-making, and it goes far to create the military strength sometimes needed for the enforcement of civil law, and often needed for the illumination of civic demonstrations that other governments obtain by conscription under rigorous military systems. We have always had militia systems in this country, but they never amounted to anything more than an annual holiday in Indiana, and practically imposing no duty, imparting no instruction.

serving no end but the electioneering convenience of ambitious officers, they were treated by the practical old pioneers with as little consideration as they deserved. But the lack of eifective means of action could not suppress the inborn love of military show and glory. No sooner had the annual " musters" and the system of which they were the visible sign disappeared, as described by ex-Senator Oliver H. Smith in his " Early Indiana Sketches," and quoted in a preceding chapter, than the organization of volunteer companies began, with selfimposed rules of instruction and discipline strict enough to compel close attention and speedy proficiency. These soon became an indispensable feature of all popular parades that were not partisan, and that necessity reinforced the native military spirit in maintaining them. The first of these appeared in Indianapolis about the time the last militia muster disappeared. It was organized, or steps taken to that end, on the 22d of February, 1837. Col. A. W. Russell, of the "Bloody Three Hundred," was elected the first captain. The uniform was of gray cloth with black-velvet trimmings, large bell-shaped black-leather hats of the " grenadier" style, with brass plates and chains and black pompons. It was a neat uniform, and not more stiff and cumbrous than was deemed necessary to military efficiency in that day, when the loose blouse and light cap of our civil war would have thrown a martinet of the Steuben school into a fit.

Col. or Capt. Russell had not the time to do much for the company, so the following year Thomas A. Morris, then a West Point graduate of three or four years' maturity, was made captain, and he speedily made the company. It rarely turned out more than fifty men for parade on the most momentous occasions, but their exact step, accurate poise and handling of arms, scrupulous cleanliness of dress and brilliance of weapons, and their precision in all evolutions, made them a " show" that a boy would play " hookey" to see when he would not even to go skating or haw-hunting. The court-house yard was the drillground and the parade-ground usually, but frequently Washington Street was made a more conspicuous show-place, and all the movements then known to military art were practiced there. Capt. (now Gren.)

Morris possessed the natural qualities of a military commander, developed by a thorough course of instruction at West Point, and when the civil war broke out they made him of inestimable value to Governor Morton's irrepressible but inexperienced energy. He was the commander of all the Indiana regiments in the three months' service, and thus in command of the first West Virginia campaign, where all were sent, which he planned and won before Gen. McClellan knew more of it than he could learn from the papers. The latter absorbed the credit of it, and became commander-in-chief by luckily reaching the field about a week before the end of it, and proved before Richmond, as well as Rich Mountain, that his glory was a second-hand acquisition.

Gen. Thomas Armstrong Morris is the third son of Morris and Rachel Morris, and was born in Nicholas County, Ky., Dec. 26, 1811. In 1821 his parents removed to Indianapolis, then a settlement of a few families and designated as the place where the State capital was to be. In 1823 he began to learn the printer's art, and found employment on a newspaper which is now the Indianapolis Journal. The boy continued at his trade for three years, and became an excellent printer, which in those days included the " theory and practice" of hand-press work as well as type-setting. He was then sent to school, and at nineteen years of age appointed to a cadetship at West Point, for which place he started on horseback to Cincinnati, whence the route east was by way of the Ohio River. He was graduated in 1834, standing fourth in a class of thirty-six, and immediately brevetted second lieutenant of the First Artillery, in the regular army. After about one year's service at Fort Monroe, Va., and Fort King, Fla., he was detailed by the War Department to assist Maj. Ogden, of the engineer corps, in constructing the National road in Indiana and Illinois, and had charge of the division between Richmond and Indianapolis, Ind. This was the first turnpike road in the State. After a year he resigned from the United States service and was resident engineer in the Indiana State service, having charge of the construction of the Central Canal during this period. From 1841 to 1847 he was chief engineer of the Madison and Indianapolis Railroad, and built it after its abandonment by the State at Vernon from that point to Indianapolis. This was the first railroad in the State.

I From 1847 to 1852 he was chief engineer of the Terre Haute and Richmond Railroad, connecting Terre Haute and Indianapolis, and now part of the " Vandalia." During the same time he was chief engineer of the Indianapolis and Bellefontaine Railroad, now part of the " Bee Line." From 1852 to 1854 he was chief engineer of the Indianapolis and Cincinnati Railroad, and from 1854 to 1857 its presii dent. From 1857 to 1859 he was president of the Indianapolis and Bellefontaine Railroad, and from 1859 to 1861 chief engineer of the Indianapolis and Cincinnati Railroad. At the beginning of the war

I general of the State, and as such had charge of the equipment of Indiana's first regiments, which were so promptly in the field. As general, he commanded the first brigade of troops from the State. He was in the West Virginia campaign, and commanded at the battles of Philippi, Laurel Hill, and Carrick's Ford, all of which he won. His first battle, that of Philippi, was the first conflict of the war of the Rebellion. At the termination of the three months' service assurance was given Gen. Morris that he should immediately receive promotion to a majorgeneral's command. This was delayed and a briga-

' dier-general's commission offered him, which he declined, as also a junior major-general's commission, believing his services to have been worthy a more speedy recognition. From 1862 to 1866 he was chief engineer of the Indianapolis and Cincinnati Railroad, and durinpr that time built the road from Lawrencehurg to Cincinnati. From 1866 to 1869 he was president and chief engineer of the Indianapolis and St. Louis Railroad, building the road from Terre Haute to Indianapolis. From 1869 to 1872 he was receiver of the Indianapolis, Cincinnati and Lafayette Railroad, and in 1877 was appointed as one of the commissioners to select plans and superintend the construction of the new State capitol, - the same position his father held nearly half a century ago with reference to the old State capitol, which was torn down to make room for the new. The Madison and Indianapolis State Railroad had been undertaken as a part of the State system of internal improvements, built as far as Vernon, and then abandoned. Private corporations had been allowed to take charge of any of the abandoned schemes, and Gen. Morris became the chief engineer of the company which assumed the construction of the abandoned railroad. He conceived the plan of taking land for subscriptions to build the road, and was instrumental in passing a bill through the Legislature authorizing the procedure. Under this bill lands were received by the road at an appraised value. Upon these lands scrip was issued to the amount of the appraisement. The scrip of the company was used to pay for the construction of the road, redeeming the scrip with lands on presentation. This is the first instance where land was used as the basis of railroad construction. With the increase of the number of railroads centring in Indianapolis, Gen. Morris conceived the idea of a system of union tracks and a union depot. He drew the plans and superintended the construction of the edifice, which was completed in 1853, and was the first union depot in this country. He is now president of the water-works company, and it has been under his experienced and wise direction that the great new " gallery" and inexhaustible supply of pure water have been secured.

The life of the subject of this biographical sketch has been one of constant activity. From the time he entered West Point in 1830, a boy not yet out of his teens, to the present time, when he is engaged in the construction of the new State capitol, there is hardly a period that has not its enterprise calling for active work. All these schemes have been of public concern. First in the employ of the United States, then of his State, he has since that time been at the head of various railroads, especially in their construction and early management, and finally crowned his work by again serving the United States during the war, and later entering the State service. This work has been a pioneer work, so to speak. It has fallen to his lot to be the first in more enterprises of difiierent kinds, and all of public importance, than often falls to the lot of any one person.

The Guards were incorporated in 1838, and continued in eflBcient existence till 1845. In 1840 or 1841 they were followed by the Marion Riflemen, commanded by Thomas Mc. Baker. They were uniformed in blue " hunting shirts," much like an old wamus" or a modern " blouse," fringed in the backwoods style of buckskin dress, and armed with breech-loading rifles clumsy and ugly beyond any conception by those who never saw them. The lower six inches of the barrel was cut off, worked on a hinge at the breech, and pushed up at the upper end by an awkward big trigger, no easier loaded than a muzzle-musket, and liable to be fired with the movable breech partly raised when there was danger. In time the weapon was discarded, and it and the accoutrements - belts, plates, cartridge-boxes, ramrods - were left uncared for in one of the garret-rooms of the Governor's house in the Circle, where they were a store of material for the fun of the boys for years. The military spirit continued active till about the time the Mexican war was close at hand. The two city companies in 1842 formed a battalion for regimental drill, with Hervey Brown, brother of Hiram, lieutenant-colonel, and George W. Drum, major. Parades were frequent and encampments no rarity. So that when the Mexican war came it struck a community here in a better condition of military feeling than the civil war did. As related in the general history, three companies were raised here for that service.

The first was commanded by James P. Drake, subsequently State treasurer, with John McDougall as first and Lew Wallace as second lieutenant. When the company was massed with others in the First Indiana Regiment, Capt. Drake was chosen colonel. The regiment passed its year of service in watching stores and hospitals at Matamoras and up the Rio Grande. When discharged, shortly after the battle of Buena Vista, Capt. McDougall, who had succeeded Capt. Drake, raised a second company here in the spring of 1847, and Edward Lander, brother of Gen. Fred, of the civil war, raised another in the fall. These latter were given a public welcome on' their return in October, 1848. There was to have been a big demonstration, a barbecue, and other expressions of popular admiration, but the day was bad, the rain incessant and chilly, and the show consisted of little more than a speech from Senator Edward A. Hanncgan in the State-House yard. Everything was unfavorable to the orator, and nothing is remembered now of his speech but an adapted quotation from Mark Antony. Pointing to a flag which had been torn by a mesquit bush, he said, "See what a rent th:it twenty-four- pounder made." In July, 1847, the body of Trusten B. Kinder, - son of Isaac, an old settler of Indianapolis, - who had gone to a southern county of the State to practice law, and there joined the Second Indiana Regiment, so defamed by JeiF. Davis' report, and been killed in the battle of Buena Vista, was returned here and buried in the old cemetery with military honors and a popular demonstration never witnessed at a funeral here before nor ever since, except at the death of Governor Morton. A strenuous effort was made to obtain a roster of the companies that went from this county to Mexico, but the records have been so indifferently preserved that no satisfactory result was possible. Adjutant-General Carnahan had copies of the Indiana rolls made at his own expen.se in Washington, but they do not show the residences of the men except as the name might indicate it to the neighbors.

The City Guards were formed in 1852, with Governor Wallace as captain, and the next year the Mechanic Rifles were organized, but both soon collapsed under the indifferent feeling of the times. Railroads, manufactures, material improvements, were absorbing men's attention then, and mere decorative avocations received little encouragement. From this time till 1856 - making a period of military decadence altogether extending from about 1847, with only this temporary revival to break it, to 1856 - there was as little military splendor shining about Indianapolis as any city of any age since men began being soldiers. Ten years was long enough for the growth of a second crop of military spirit, and the presence of the St. Louis Guards here in 1856 (February) was just the favoring condition to sprout the seed. The National Guards were formed here that year, - dressed in blue, with caps and white plumes, - and continued in existence until it went into the civil war in the Eleventh Regiment. It was commanded while on the peace establishment by William J. Elliott, Thomas A. Morris, George F. McGinnis, Irwin Harrison, brother of the general and senator, John M. Lord, a Mexican war veteran, and Winston P. Noble, son of Governor Noble. The City Grays were organized in the summer of 1857, uniformed in gray with bear-skin shakos, and went into the war as Company A of the Eleventh Regiment. The City Grays Artillery was organized in 1859 as a supplement of the infantry company, and was commanded by Capt. John H. Colestock. An accidental explosion of the gun ruined his arm, and the organization went down. In 1858, Capt. John Love, afterwards a valuable assistant to Governor Morton in organizing the first troops and getting them ready for the field, formed a cavalry company called the Marion Dragoons, but it soon collapsed under the heavy pressure upon a volunteer body of the expense of maintaining horses as well as men.

On the 22d of February, 1860, the Montgomery Guards, of Crawfordsville, commanded by Capt. Lew Wallace, visited Indianapolis, and in connection with the Capital companies gave a parade on the 22d, followed by a zouave drill by drum beat that was much admired, and impelled the formation of a company called the Independent Zouaves here, commanded by Capt. Frank Shoup, who resigned before the war broke out, went South, and became a rebel brigadier. Mr. Ignatius Brown says he was the first man to propose the use of negroes as soldiers by the Confederates ; if so, it was his only claim to distinction. No one here ever heard anything definitely of him afterwards. The Zouaves became Company H of the Eleventh Regiment. On the 27th of June, 1860, a military convention, inspired and directed by Capt. Lew Wallace, met here, representing eleven volunteer companies, and decided to hold a regular encampment on the military ground, then the State fair ground, the following 19th of September. It came and continued about a week, and contained the Indianapolis Guards, Grays, and Zouaves, the Montgomery Guards (Crawfordsville), the Fort Harrison Guards (Terre Haute), Vigo Guards (Terre Haute). Gen. Love was comj mandant and Capt. Shoup adjutant. In August, 1860, a company of Zouave Cadets was formed, and in October the Zouave Guards, Capt. John Fahnestock. The former continued for a year or two, with Capt. George H. Marshall, but mostly entered the national army at one time or another. The latter went into the Eleventh Regiment as Company K. When the call for troops was made by Governor Morton, these four companies - the Guards, Grays, Zouaves, and Zouave Guards - filled up and were all in camp by the 17th of April. This was quick work. The President's proclamation calling for seventy-five thousand men was issued April 15,1861. Governor Morton's calling for the State's quota of six regiments was issued next day, the 16th, and these four companies filled to their limit and went into camp on the 17th.

After the close of the war there appeared to be little disposition to play at soldiering. There had been too much of the real thing to make an imitation an amusement. A battalion of National Guards was soon after organized, however, largely composed of veterans ; but in a couple of years it went to pieces, and in 1870 only one company was left, with an independent Irish company called the Emmett Guards. Within the last half-dozen years there has been a revival of military feeling, and several companies have been organized here. The exertions of Adjutant Carnahan have put the volunteer companies of the State in better condition than they have ever been before ; the encampments and prize-drills held at Indianapolis annually, inviting a great many companies from all parts of the State and from other States, contributing effectively to that end. The Indianapolis companies now are the following :

I here, under the management of the " Raper Commandery" of the Masonic order, but directed wholly by Gen. Carnahan, July 4, 1882 (with some days preceding), there were in attendance from other States the Crescent Rifles, of New Orleans (took second prize in the competitive drill) ; the Louisiana Rifles, of the same city ; the Chickasaw Guards, of Memphis, Tenn. (took the first prize in the competitive drill) ; the Porter Rifles, Nashville, Tenn. ; the Quapaw Guards, from Little Rock, Ark. ; Company G of the First Missouri Regiment ; j two other Missouri companies; one company from Geneva, N. Y. ; four companies from Illinois ; three companies from Ohio ; two companies from Michigan ; two batteries from New Orleans ; one battery from Nashville, Tenn. ; one from Louisville, Ky. ; one battery from Danville, 111. ; one battery from Chicago, 111. ; two batteries from St. Louis, Mo. ;

; one battery from Greencastle, Ind. (Asbury Cadets, took first prize in artillery drill) ; the Indianapolis Light Infantry, and eighteen companies from other parts of Indiana.

At the encampment of Aug. 17, 1883, most of the companies from other States were here that attended the first one, with the Light Infantry, from Paris, 111., the Branch Guards, of St. Louis, and one or two other St. Louis companies. The first

I prize in drilling was taken by the Indianapolis Light Infantry ; the second, by the Branch Guards, of St. Louis. There were thirty-six Indiana companies in attendance. Besides these displays of military spirit and efficiency, there are occasionally parades of the veterans of the war, when general meetings of the Grand Army of the Republic are held at the capital. The Raper Commandery of Knights Templar the past year attended the competitive drill and parade of the order in San Francisco, and carried off the second prize, a mounted knight in bronze with gold trappings and armor, set upon a pedestal of gold-bearing quartz, and valued at two thousand five hundred dollars. The latest phase of the military spirit of Indianapolis is the project of building an armory adequate to the needs of all the companies, with a vast parade-room and public hall capable of seating seven or eight thousand people. Up to the beginning of 1884, however, it had not taken on the form of definite action.

The Arsenal. - One of the material results of the war affecting the city especially was the establishment here of the United States Arsenal, the suggestion, doubtless, of that established and conducted by Governor Morton during the war to supply our troops with ammunition. The central situation of the city and the conspicuous services of Governor Morton readily developed the suggestion into action. Authority was given by an act of Congress of 1862, and a temporary establishment made in March, 1863, by the late William Y. Wiley, captain and storekeeper, in a building on the corner of Delaware and Maryland Streets. He remained in charge at this place till 1870, when he resigned. The site for the permanent arsenal was selected by Gen. Buckingham, and work upon the buildings commenced in Augu.st, 1863. They were all completed and occupied by 1867-68. There are seven buildings, upon seventy-six acres of ground, fronting southward on the eastward extension of Michigan Street, and entered directly from Arsenal Avenue, running nearly a half-mile north from Washington Street to the main gate of the grounds. The distance to Circle Park is a mile and a half

The main building, for the storage of small-arms (shown in the cut), is one hundred and eighty-three feet long by sixty-three wide, three stories high, with a square tower in the centre containing an excellent public clock. The artillery store-house is two stories high, and two hundred and one feet long by fifty-two wide. The office is forty-three feet long by twentytwo wide, and one story high. The barracks for enlisted men are two stories high, eleven hundred and five feet long by thirty-two wide. Two sets of officers' quarters, eighty feet by forty, two and a half stories high. One set of officers' quarters, fortyseven feet long by twenty-eight wide, one story and a half high. The magazine is banked about with earth, and covered with sod and shrubbery, making the most striking feature of the grounds. These bery and carriage drives, and Pogues Creek helps the general effect of picturesqueness by running for a quarter of a mile across the northwe.«t corner. Propositions have been vnade to Congress to donate the grounds and buildings to the State or city for educational purposes, in case it was determined to abandon the arsenal here, for the maintenance of which there appears to be no very cogent argument. The arsenal gun every morning at six o'clock and the evening gun at sunset have come to be as familiar sounds in the city as the whistle of locomotives.

The Civil War. - From the secession of South Carolina to the attack on Port Sumter, opinion was divided in Indiana on the measures to be taken with the seceded States. The more demonstrative and probably stronger division, led by Governor Morton, held it the duty of the government to reduce the disobedient States by force, proceeding by aggressive warfare, invasion, and destruction of life and property, as in the case of any other public enemy. The other division, represented by John R. Cravens, David C. Branham, and the Journal, under the direction of B. R. Sulgrove, thought that an aggressive war on the part of the government, which would make it strike the first blow and shed the first blood, while the South acted only by ordinances and resolutions, would force all the border States into the Confederacy, repel the sympathy of Europe, and probably induce alliances there, consolidate Democratic sympathy in the North with secession, and present a front of hostility against which the government might be broken hopelessly. Considering the condition of Indiana after the elections of 1862, - and Indiana was no worse than other States, - and the course of the Legislature of 1863, and the active sympathy with the rebellion that made draft riots all over the country, with numerous murders of draft officers, and considering, further, our narrow escape from an English war in the Trent case, it is now far from clear that the aggressive policy would have been wise or successful. But all differences were blown to pieces by the first gun fired at Maj. Anderson's little garrison. Those who differed about aggression could have no difference about resisting aggression. Northern feeling united instantly and solidly upon war, adeqnate to the needs of all the companies, with a vast parade-room and public hall capable of seating seven or eight thousand people. Up to the beginning of 1884, however, it had not taken on the form of definite action.

The Arsenal. - One of the material results of the war affecting the city especially was the establishment here of the United States Arsenal, the suggestion, doubtless, of that established and conducted by Governor Morton during the war to supply our troops with ammunition. The central situation of the city and the conspicuous services of Governor Morton readily developed the suggestion into action. Authority was given by an act of Congress of 1862, and a temporary establishment made in March, 1863, by the late William Y. Wiley, captain and storekeeper, in a building on the corner of Delaware and Maryland Streets. He remained in charge at this place till 1870, when he resigned. The site for the permanent arsenal was selected by Gen. Buckingham, and work upon the buildings commenced in August, 1863. They were all completed and occupied by 1867-68. There are seven buildings, upon seventy-six acres of ground, fronting southward on the eastward extension of Michigan Street, and entered directly from Arsenal Avenue, running nearly a half-mile north from Washington Street to the main gate of the grounds. The distance to Circle Park is a mile and a half

The main building, for the storage of small-arms (shown in the cut), is one hundred and eighty-three j feet long by sixty-three wide, three stories high, with a square tower in the centre containing an excellent public clock. The artillery store-house is two stories high, and two hundred and one feet long by fifty-two wide. The oflSce is forty-three feet long by twentytwo wide, and one story high. The barracks for enlisted men are two stories high, eleven hundred and five feet long by thirty-two wide. Two sets of officers' quarters, eighty feet by forty, two and a half stories high. One set of officers' quarters, fortyseven feet long by twenty-eight wide, one story and a half high. The magazine is banked about with earth, and covered with sod and shrubbery, making the most striking feature of the grounds. These bery and carriage drives, and Pogues Creek helps the general effect of picturesqueness by running for a quarter of a mile across the northwe.«t corner. Propositions have been made to Congress to donate the grounds and buildings to the State or city for educational purposes, in case it was determined to abandon the arsenal here, for the maintenance of which there appears to be no very cogent argument. The arsenal gun every morning at six o'clock and the evening gun at sunset have come to be as familiar sounds in the city as the whistle of locomotives.

The Civil War. - From the secession of South Carolina to the attack on Fort Sumter, opinion was divided in Indiana on the measures to be taken with the seceded States. The more demonstrative and probably stronger division, led by Governor Morton, held it the duty of the government to reduce the disobedient States by force, proceeding by aggressive warfare, invasion, and destruction of life and property, as in the case of any other public enemy. The other division, represented by John R. Cravens, David C. Branham, and the Journal, under the direction of B. R. Sulgrove, thought that an aggressive war on the part of the government, which would make it strike the first blow and shed the first blood, while the South acted only by ordinances and resolutions, would force all the border States into the Confederacy, repel the sympathy of Europe, and probably induce alliances there, consolidate Democratic sympathy in the North with secession, and present a front of hostility against which the government might be broken hopelessly. Considering the condition of Indiana after the elections of 1862, - and Indiana was no worse than other States, - and the course of the Legislature of 1863, and the active sympathy with the rebellion that made draft riots all over the country, with numerous murders of draft officers, and considering, further, our narrow escape from an English war in the Trent case, it is now far from clear that the aggressive policy would have been wise or successful. But all differences were blown to pieces by the first gun fired at Maj. Anderson's little garrison. Those who differed about aggression could have no difference about resisting aggression. Northern feeling united instantly and solidly upon war,

Gen. Ebenezer Dumont was a native of Ve- | hand. After submitting to such a discipl vay, Switzerland Co., Ind., where he was born childhood, all the exactions of subsequent st\ Nov. 23, 1814. His parents were among the early ; business could scarcely have been regard settlers of that place. His father, John Dumont, onerous. From this home school and train] one of the most conspicuous men in politics and the passed to Hanover College, where he studied law of that early period of the history of the State, time, but did not graduate. His heart was t met and married his mother, Miss Julia L. Corey, set upon the law, and on that ground he rcfui at Greenfield, Saratoga Co., N. Y. He was a na- appointment as cadet at West Point which wi tive of New Jersey, she of Marietta, Ohio. They to him while at Hanover. He read law wi were married Aug. 16, 1812, and soon thereafter : father, and before he was twenty-one yeai removed to Vevay, where they spent the remainder entered upon the practice of his chosen prof of their lives. She died in 1857, he in 1871. She ' [le settled at Wilmington, in Dearborn Count was a teacher, poet, and author, and in all these respects one of the most conspicuous persons in the State. He was a lawyer of sound learning, an orator of great power and eloquence, a politician of broad views and upright character, and in all relations a man of integrity and public spirit.

The general received his early education in a school taught by his mother in his native village. He could not have had a more careful and thorough instructor. An examination of the work following the coun thence to Lawrenc remained there un spring of 1853, wl removed to Indianaj assume the duties of dent of the State to which oflBce h been elected by the eral Assembly.

exacted of her son almost makes one's head ache to think of his labors. From the time he was ten years old until he passed from her instruction to Hanover College she exacted written essays at his hands upon every branch of study in which he was engaged. These i resources also. Some of his greatest triumphs little essays, in the cramped and diiEcult hand of law were the result of his vigilance in n childhood, contain a child's discussion of every rule j closely the newspapers, and learning of the p of grammar from the first principles of orthography of some act of Congress or of the Legislati to the last of prosody ; and so of arithmetic and the advance of its regular publication upon which other branches of knowledge taught in a common school of a very high grade. All these show the corrections of the faithful mother in her own clear irfeit Spanish silver coin. Tiie law as j lie statute-book was plain, and under learly guilty. He produced an act of ed only a few days before the alleged itizing such coin, and the prosecution His law-book for the purpose was a a newspaper. It is believed that he j .dvantage that any amount of vigilance I have gained ; and it is certain that ; in regard to his watchfulness of the isions of his adversary as of hi.s own id use thereof in the management of )urt or ordinary business. j

)nt married Miss Mary A. Chuk, 39. She was the only daughter of huk, Esq., at the time and for many ds the clerk of the Dearborn Circuit ] lived together until his death, and ;hem twelve children, eight of whom, seven daughters, still live to comfort their mother, in her declining years. ' of Dearborn County frequently innth the management of their affairs, east made him their representative in | ssembly. He held the office of county al years between 1840 and 1845, and e county in the Legislature ia 1838 1 the last term of his service he was ;r of the House, and discharged the josition with impartiality and ability, j of high political excitement, and he I part in the debates of the House. seeches were printed at the time, and nd favorable impression of his ability throughout the State. A quaint and runs through them all, that would

0 knew him well to say they were his hed without a name. They are all mg practical sense, and generally filled jirit. It was in the course of this 3 was chosen president of the State hoice resulted from a truce between those of the then Lieutenant-Governor, J. Before that they had been openly freed from the local opposition of Dumont, and was elected to Congress. At the close of his term in Congress, Lane removed to Kansas, where, after a stormy career, his life ended in a sad tragedy, and, as already said, Dumont settled in Indianapolis, in the quiet but responsible position of president of the State Bank and ex officio president of the Board of Sinking Fund Commissioners. These offices he filled until the expiration of the bank's charter, and closed its operations. It was necessary thereafter to continue the Board of Sinking Fund Commissioners as an independent organization, and the Legislature accordingly reorganized it, and provided for a president thereof, to be elected, like the members, by the General Assembly. At the regular session of that body in 1859 he was elected president, and held the position until he resigned to take the command of the Seventh Regiment of Indiana Volunteers at the outbreak of the rebellion in 1861.

He had already devoted a year to the military service of the United States in the war with Mexico, as lieutenant-colonel of the Fourth Regiment of Indiana Volunteers, and had won distinction both for courage and capacity in that service. His gallantry was conspicuous in the capture of Huamantla ; and Gen. Lane employed his learning and talents to aid him in the government of Orizaba after its capture. He had been consistently a Democrat from 1840 till the assault upon Fort Sumter ; but in the strife between Mr. Douglas and the administration he had adhered to the former. His place upon the fall of Sumter was at once chosen with friends of the Union and the foes of secession ; and never did any man give heart and soul more entirely to any cause than he gave himself to the maintenance of the Union and its authority. He presided over the first grand rally of the people of Indianapolis on the night of the bombardment of Sumter, and by his bold and patriotic speech gave solidarity and energy to the purposes of the people. He was dispatched to Washington by the Governor to learn something of the purposes and plans of the administration, and, if possible, to ascertain how the power of the State might be best brought to the aid of the government in suppressing the rebellion. " Upon his return home he was appointed colonel of the Seventh Regiment of Indiana Volunteers. At the head of this regiment he served with distinction during the three months' campaign of 1861 in West Virginia, being prominently engaged in the surprise of Philippi, the skirmishes at Laurel Hill, and the battle of Carrick's Ford," his regiment, led by himself, closing that affair by the capture of one gun, forty-one wagons of the enemy's train, and the death of Gen. Robert S. Garnett. " At the close of the campaign," returning home, he " reorganized his regiment for three years, and at its head returned again to West Virginia, and while there participated in the battle of Greenbrier under Gen. Joseph J. Reynolds. Soon after this engagement he was appointed a brigadier-general of volunteers by the President, and ordered to Louisville, Ky. He passed the winter of 1861 and 1862 at Bardstown, Bacon Creek, and other points between Louisville and Nashville. Although his health was extremely poor, yet he clung to his command, and performed his duties for months when he should have been at home under treatment. He was subsequently placed in command of Nashville, Tenn., where his spirit, vigilance, and energy secured the flag more respectful treatment from its foes than could otherwise have been looked for at their hands. It was while there that he organized and led his celebrated pursuit of Gen. John Morgan, whom he well-nigh captured at Lebanon, Tenn., and whose fine mare, ' Black Bess,' he did capture, together with many prisoners. It was in this pursuit that he perpetrated one of his drollest pieces of humor at the expense of a Kentucky colonel of cavalry. That oflBcer, finding his men worn out by the fatigues of the march, sent his adjutant forward to inform the general that ' the pursuit must stop, for his men were asleep in the saddle.' The adjutant accordingly rode forward and reported to the general as directed by his colonel. The general inquired very seriously, ' Is it true that your colonel's men are asleep in their saddles ?' ' Yes, general,' answered the adjutant, ' it is.' ' Well, then,' said the general, ' you ride back to your colonel, and tell him for God Almighty's sake not to wake them up.' And so the conference ended, the pursuit being continued without a moment's pause.

" His health, however, finally disqualifying him for service in the field, he accepted the nomination of the Republican party of his district for Congress in 1862, and was duly elected at the October election of that year. In 186-1 he was re-elected, and thus served his country faithfully according to his convictions of duty during four years. His feeble health impaired his ability to labor, and so rendered his congressional career less conspicuous than it otherwise manifestly would have been. Nevertheless, it was by no means without distinction for patriotism and ability. Some of his speeches display great research and power, and they are nearly all pervaded with the quaint, pungent humor which he displayed in earlier life. For instance, he opened his speech upon the Supreme Court's decision in the Garland case, involving the validity of the ' ironclad oath,' as it was called, by sending to the clerk's desk and asking to have read the following paragraph :

" ' A hotel-keeper in Washington posted on his dining-room door the following notice : " Members of Congress will go to the table first, and then the gentlemen. Rowdies and blackguards must not mix with the Congressmen, as it is hard to tell one from the other." ' Laughter followed, and upon its subsidence Mr. Dumont said, ' I do not think the paragraph just read has much application to the remarks I shall beg leave to submit ; but, seeing that some of the members are a little drowsy, and fearing that no remarks of mine would disturb their slumbers, I thought I might perhaps accomplish the object by bringing to their attention this brutal assault on their own reputation. I do not wish to move in the matter myself, being young and inexperienced, but would suggest the raising of a committee to find out the name of the assassin, and have him dealt with for his impertinence and vulgarity.' The speech that followed this beginning is an able one, and abounds with many home hits at the assumption of official, and especially judicial, infallibility for men Whose opinions before their election or appointment were regarded as of little or no value. This is illustrated by anecdotes from home life ; and then the score is made even by a story of a justice of peace elect coming to the clerk of Dearborn County, and. asking that officer to qualify him. ' Hold up your hand,' said the clerk ; ' I'll swear you in, but all hell can't qualify you.' His speech on the pay of the army was regarded at the time as a very able, satisfactory, and complete discussion of the subject."

At the close of his congressional career, March 4, 1867, he retired to his farm, and for a while did not seek any official position. He nevertheless kept up an active participation in politics, acting earnestly with the Republican party. He was always a foe to flattery, and hated even the ordinary civilities tendered to men of his position and rank at public meetings. It was such feelings that led him on one occasion, when introduced to a large political meeting in what he regarded as too flattering terms, to say when he came forward, " I was just thinking, when my friend, the president of the meeting, was speaking in such glowing and extravagant terms of the great and glorious Gen. Dumont, who was about to address you, that when I should come forward some man of sense, and with a keen relish for the ludicrous, too, might be standing in the outskirts of this vast crowd, who would exclaim to those about him, ' Great God ! is that little pinnikin the great Gen. Dumont, about whom all this fuss is made? Pshaw ! he's nothing.' And he would not be very far wrong, either." Such a beginning of course at once relieved him of all embarrassment, by establishing the best relations between himself and the audience, and by teaching them not to expect too much at his hands, enabled him to more than meet their expectations, and so secured him an attentive and kindly hearing throughout.

In the winter of 1870 and 1871, having formed the design to emigrate to the West, he sought and received the appointment of Governor of Idaho. While engaged in the pursuit of the position he was taken severely sick at Washington. From this attack he never fully recovered ; but upon returning home set actively to work in making preparations for his removal to the seat of his new position and duties. Under this labor his health broke completely down, and after lingering in great weiikness and suffering for a few days, during all of which he maintained his intellectual faculties in full and perfect clearness and vigor, he died at his residence, south of the city, at four o'clock and sixteen minutes in the morning of April 16, 1871. As an evidence of his mental clearness, it may be stated that a very short time before his death he directed a friend to write his will. Dictating to him the terms thereof, he began, " I, Ebenezer Dumont, being weak in body, but of sound mind, do make this my last will and testament," etc. The will was written, but in the hurry and excitement of the amanuensis, the words "but of sound mind" were omitted; and when in reading it over he came to the omission, he stopped the reading and insisted upon the insertion of the omitted clause. A legal friend who was present told him not to mind it, as the validity of the will would depend upon the witnesses. He replied, " I know that as well as you ; but I want to be one of the witnesses, for I think I know my mental condition as well and even better than any of you." The clause had to be inserted as his testimony. t

His remains were attended from his home to the city by a large body of his friends and neighbors, who were met at the city limits by a military escort composed of his old comrades in arms with a band of music, and conducted thence to the First Presbyterian Church, where appropriate funeral services were held, conducted by the Rev. H. A. Edson, D.D. The brief discourse which he delivered on the occasion so fittingly and truly characterized the man in the higher aspects of his nature and life, that his words shall close this very inadequate sketch:

" All who knew him were certainly impressed with the uncommon firmness and bravery of his will. For years he carried a burden of ill-health which would have laid most men entirely aside from active employment. Yet he carried it unfiinchiiigly. He seemed sometimes to conquer the physical suffering and exhaustion by the mere force of his mind. It is touchingly told us that once during the West Virginia campaign, when overtaken by violent illness, and entreated to go back to Grafton, where he might have some necessary comforts, he stoutly refused, saying that if his brave men could lie on the ground and take the rough fare, ho could do it too, and would. The tenacity of his purpose was conspicuous everywhere. When be took hold his grip was like a vise.

" His integrity in all the relations of commercial and political life his friends speak of with admiration. In his connection with the early legislation of the State, as president of the

State Bank, during the commotion of ciyil war, in Congress, and in private business affairs, he evinced a haughty contempt of peculation and dishonesty, and discharged his public trusts without a stain upon his integrity. At a period when many snatched eagerly at opportunities for questionable gain, he did his duty and kept his hands clean. Everything like deception and falsehood he despised. He was inclined to take the direct line to any object he sought, and was little disposed to use diplomacy. He spoke out plainly what he believed to be the truth. At times he would attack a supposed iniquity with something like ferocity. It is said that his father often showed the same characteristic, during a eession of the Legislature in early times securing a life-long friend by the courage with which, on a mere suspicion of wrong, he took up the cause of certain minors whom a shrewdly devised bill was to defraud of their estate. The son would have been capable of the same service, and under the like circumstances would have been sure to undertake it without fear. He was a man who cared more to be true to his convictions than to count the favor of any one. And this example of stern integrity is one which we may well cherish in these days of commercial dishonesty and })olitical intrigue.

"It is as a patriot and soldier, however, that he made himself most noticeable, and rendered the highest service. There is no possibility of putting into words the intensity of his hatred of treason in those days when all the people here were united in the defense of the flag that on Sumter's walls had been defiled. His whole soul blazed against the crime that would strike at our liberties. Some of you well remember him at the breaking out of the war, how, at the first recruiting meeting, he offered to the government a horse with a man on it; and many of you, his comrades, will not forget how gallantly he rode that horse to battle. He never lost the heat of his patriotic devotion. If he could speak to-day he would tell us what a joj' it is to be wrapped in the old flag for which he fought. The value of our free institutions, the happy condition of our people, and the wickedness of any attempt to overturn the government he felt with all the intensity of his soul. Whatever looked to him like treason against his country he was eager to resist and strike at with all his strength. This patriotism, that was with him a passion, deserved and gained the respect of men who opposed him. I do not doubt that many of you who differed most widely from him in sentiment were compelled to admire the zeal and courage with which he discharged what he deemed his duty to the land he loved. Nor should it be forgotten that this strong nature, this stern soldier had depths of tenderness, not indeed for every eye, but quick upon occasion to carry to the unfortunate relief and sympathy.

" Words, however, cannot describe the man. You knew him. Let your memory paint and keep the picture. He had qualities we ought to emulate. He did not live in vain, for though his sword will not flash again in battle, though ho Bleeps his last sleep, careless of the earth's commotion, it will not be forgotten how dearly he loved the starry banner, nor how sternly he hated all its foes. May (Jod keep the memory of such patriots green."

The volunteers beyond the number required for the State's quota were formed into six regiments of one year State troops, under an act of the Legislature, then sitting in extra session on the Governor's call. All but one subsequently enlisted for three years in the service of the national government. They were reviewed on the 24th of May by Gen. McClellan, on the open ground north of the fair or military ground, extending to Indiana Avenue on the north and to the Fall Creek race on the west. The first camp in the city was that on the fair ground, and was called Camp Sullivan, from Col. Jerry Sullivan, of the Thirteenth Regiment, who commanded it. The next was formed in the new fair ground, - now the Exposition or fair ground, - and called Camp Morton. The men here made serious complaints of their provisions, and the Legislature, with an eye to votes at home more than justice away from home, censured the commissary - the late Isaiah Mansur - severely, though he served without pay, furnished meat from his own packing-house, advanced his own money for fresh bread, sugar, and butter, and took the chance of reimbursement from the Legislature. Subsequently this cen.sure was revoked and Mr. Mansur complimented for his efficiency and disinterestedness. He was a room-mate of Governor Morton's at Oxford (Ohio) College, and helped the latter with money in his college course. The truth was that the men were mostly well-to-do farmers or sons of farmers or mechanics in good circumstances, and were used to living in better style than any one familiar with a soldier's life could hope for. They knew nothing of camps or military service, and of course felt abused when they found their patriotic devotion fed less appetizingly than by their every-day food at home. Once they mutinied against the sutler and tore his stalls to pieces. But these freaks of inexperience never outlasted the first few weeks of camp duty. The men readily adapted themselves to military discipline from the freedom of home. Camp Morton became one of the great prison camps after I the surrender of Fort Donelson in February, 1862.

Camp Burnside was formed on Tinker Street (now Seventh), just south of Camp Morton, and was made a neat and well-ordered little military town by the Seventy-first Regiment, under Col. James Biddle, and later by theVeteran Reserve Corps. It was here, during the tenancy of the Seventy-first, in the summer of 1862, that the first military execution of the war took place. The offender was Robert Gay, charged with being a spy and deserter, and convicted by court-martial. He was shot in the old Henderson orchard, between the fair ground and Camp Burnside, near the present line of Delaware Street, a block north of Seventh. The regiment and spectators formed three sides of a square, open on the east side. Into this space Gay was brought by the guard, and stationed in front of his coffin, which was lying on the ground. He made a brief speech, denying all guilty purpose, and told the firing party, standing about ten steps in front of him, to " hold here," laying his right hand on his heart. He then sat down on his coffin, and was blindfolded, and the signal to fire was given by dropping a handkerchief. Every ball but one of the nine fired struck his heart, and would have killed him instantly if there had been no other. One struck him in the neck, and would have made a mortal wound. One gun was left blank, and all were taken by chance, so that no man knew whether his gun helped in the execution or not. Gay sat upright for a second after the firing, and fell back dead in a great pool of blood, of which not a drop showed in front. In 1864 three " bounty jumpers" were shot on the same ground, near the south bank of the State ditch, under the command of Gen. Alvin P. Hovey. These were all the military executions in or about the city, though preparations were made by Gen. Hovey for hanging Bowles, Milligan, and Horsey, the Sons of Liberty, convicted by court-martial in 1864 of conspiring with the rebels to overthrow the State government, and release the rebel prisoners in Camp Morton. Their death sentence, however, was commuted by President Johnson to imprisonment for life in the Ohio penitentiary, whence they were released by a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States shortly after. Mr. Milligan was recently allied with the Rejiublicans of Huntington County against the regular Democratic ticket, showing rather ludicrously one of the " revenges" brought round by the " whirligig of time." Another convicted Son of Liberty, H. H. Dodd, made his escape from the United States building where he was confined, and went to Canada. He is now said to be the editor of a Republican paper in Wisconsin.

From the 22d of February, 1862, to about the 1st of September of the same year, Camp Morton, as before stated, was made a prison camp in charge of the State, and here were confined the prisoners surrendered at Fort Donelson till an exchange was made in August following. There were three thousand seven hundred here at first, but in a few weeks about fifteen hundred more came from Terre Haute and Lafayette, and were accommodated with precisely the same quarters, furniture, and food as our own men who were encamped there. After the exchange of prisoners the camp was unoccupied till another large arrival from Vicksburg in the summer of 1863. The camp was refitted, commodious hospitals and other buildings erected, and the Fifth Regiment of the Veteran Reserve Corps, under Col. A. A. Stevens, put in charge. This was all done by the national government, the State having no concern with the prison after the exchange in 1862. From three thousand to six thousand prisoners were kept here during the remainder of the war. Col. Richard Owen, and the Sixtieth and Fifty-third Regiments and Kidd's Battery, and Col. D. Garland Rose and the Fifty-fourth Regiment, had charge of the camp while in the hands of the State.

When the first division of prisoners arrived here from Fort Donelson they were fearfully afflicted with pneumonia and camp diarrhoea. The First, Fourth, and Twenty-sixth Mississippi . Regiments suffered worst, though a number of Tennesseans and Kentuckians were severely afflicted, all alike from exposure in the ditches and rifle-pits of Fort Donelson, with inadequate food and clothing. The first night they slept on the floor of the Union Depot, and all night long there was an incessant storm of coughing, groaning, and implorations for help. The next day the physicians of the city prescribed for more than five hundred out of three thousand seven hundred, or one in every seven was helplessly sick. A hospital was made first of the old Athenaeum Theatre, in the third story of the northwest corner of Maryland and Meridian Streets. Then Blackford's four-story building, on the east side of Meridian near Washington, was taken entirely for hospital use, under charge of the late Dr. Talbott Bullard, brother-in-law of Henry Ward Beecher. The people of the city, men and women, served as nurses without charge, and with many valuable additions to hospital fare from their own home supplies. But, in spite of all care and effort, hardly an hour passed for the first five days that a death did not occur, and the mortality continued for a month or more till the weather moderated. Then both sickness and mortality almo.st disappeared. The dead were buried, iu plain wooden coflBns, in a lot on the northern limit of Greenlawn Cemetery, near the Vandalia Railroad, whence they were removed, some to their homes by relatives or friends, many to Crown Hill, in a few years. All the graves were marked. The other prison camps, Dennison at Columbus, and Douglas at Chicago, were conducted like that at Camp Morton, and the contrast between them and Andersonville and Salisbury and Libby is striking. Visitors from Kentucky to sons and relatives in the camp, after the surrender of Fort Donelson, were so frequent as to make a serious annoyance at the Governor's oflSce with requests for admission.

The prison experience of our Indiana soldiers in the South was not quite so pleasant as that of Southern men here. Gen. Coburn, of the Thirty-third Regiment, was the first to come home from Libby and enlighten Indianians on the treatment of prisoners there. The romantic escape of Col. A. D. Streight, of the Fifty-first Regiment, from Libby was known all over the country at the time, and is not forgotten yet.

Gen. Abel D. Streight. - The family of Gen. Streight are of English extraction, though his father, Asa, was a native of Vermont. He was at the age of five left fatherless, and bound out to a family residing near Elmira, N. Y., where he remained until his majority was attained, when Spencer, Tioga Co.,

N. Y., became his home. Here he married Lydia, daughter of Phineas Spaulding, and had children, - Maria (Mrs. Clark Townsend), Francis (deceased), Abel D., Susan^H. (Mrs. Cornelius Ives), James P., Benjamin F., Sylvester W., Charles F., and Jane. Mr. Streight after his marriage settled in Wheeler, Steuben Co., and engaged in farming pursuits until seventy years of age, when he abandoned active labor. His death occurred in June, 1883, in his eighty-fourth year. His son, Abel D., was born June 17, 1828, at Wheeler, Steuben Co., N. Y., and passed his boyhood years upon a farm. He was afforded the ordinary advantages of a common school, and at the age of seventeen purchased from his father his time until twenty-one, paying him sixty dollars per year for the same. Having a taste for mechanics he readily acquired the carpenters' craft without instruction, and before attaining his nineteenth year had taken the contract for the erection of a large mill, which he successfully completed. At this early period he also owned a saw-mill acquired by the proceeds of his own labor. Gen. Streight then engaged in the lumber business at Wheeler, N. Y., where he remained until his removal to Cincinnati in 1858. The following year found him a resident of Indianapolis, where he embarked in publishing, and continued thus employed until the beginning of the late civil war. It was at this crisis that the patriotism, earnestness, and indomitable purpose of Gen. Streight were brought into prominent notice, and marked him as a man of foresight and possessing all the qualities of a successful leader. Realizing the importance of prompt and energetic measures for the preservation of the Union, he published an exhaustive pamphlet, in which he clearly embodied the cause of the nation's calamity, and indicated the measures necessary to insure the supremacy of the laws, the integrity of the Constitution, and the preservation of the Union. He believed compromise with the enemies of the government to be a mistake, and advocated forcible means, if necessary, to compel obedience to the laws. He proved conclusively the fallacy of a temporary pacification policy, and by voluminous quotations from letters written by the founders of the government demonstrated it to be a government of the people collectively, and not of the States. In defense of the Union, whose integrity he so earnestly defended with his pen, he entered the army on the 4th of September, 1861, as colonel of the Fifty- first Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and did effective service until ; March 13, 1865, when he retired with the brevet rank of brigadier-general, having participated in the battles of Shiloh, Perryville, Stone River, Day's Gap, I Crooked Creek, Blunt's Farm, engagements wifh 1 Wheeler's Cavalry at Dalton and Shoal Creek, near I Florence, Ala. (in which he commanded five bri- j gades), Columbia, Tenn., Franklin, Tenn., Nashville, and again at Columbia, in which he forced the passage of Duck River. He was on the 3d of May, 1863, taken prisoner and confined in Libby prison, Richmond, Va., until Feb. 9, 1864, when, with one hundred and eight of his fellow-prisoners, he escaped by a tunnel dug from the prison-walls to the street, and after an interval of rest re-entered the service. In prison he was like the shadow of some great rock in the desert. Men instinctively gathered round him. He was their counselor, friend, and champion. In him they reposed all confidence, intrusting to him their money and laying before him their grievances, and sharing with, him their every thought. It was Gen. Streight who defiantly wrote the rebel Secretary of War, compelling an increase of rations and more humane treatment. The enemy feared him while they hated him, and if recaptured his life would have paid the forfeit of his daring and patriotism. On returning again to civil life he resumed the business of a publisher, in connection with the cultivation of a farm in the suburbs of the city. In 1865 he embarked in the lumber business, making a speciality of walnut and hard-wood lumber, to which was subsequently added chair-manufacturing on an extensive scale.

Gen. Streight, when a resident of New York State, manifested a keen interest in politics, and frequently as a Republican participated in the various local campaigns. In 1876 he was elected to the State Senate here, running one thousand ahead of his ticket. Here he was conceded to be one of the leaders of the party. Among other measures supported by him was the introduction of a bill providing for the erection of a new State-House building, the principal provisions of which were adopted. In 1880 he was one of the Republican candidates for the nomination for Governor. Though not the successful aspirant for gubernatorial honors, the press was unanimous in its endorsement of his irreproachable honesty, iron will, uncommon intelligence, and thorough patriotism. Gen. Streight was married Jan. 14, 1849, to Miss Lavina McCarty, of Bath township, Steuben Co., N. Y. They have one son, John, who is engaged in the lumber business at Nashville, Tenn.

The Eleventh Regiment, while reorganizing for the three years' service, was encamped on the west bank of the river, near Cold Spring. Camp Carrington, near the extreme northwest corner of the city, on the high ground between the canal and Fall Creek, was the largest and best arranged camp in the State. Camp Noble was the artillery camp, on the northern limit of the city, west of Camp Burnside. It was arranged by Col. Frybarger, and occupied by the Twenty-third Battery, Capt. J. F. Myers. The artillery practice-ground was on the farm of Mr. Paddock, between the Bluff road and the bluff of the river bottom. The Second Cavalry, Col. John A. Bridgland, was encamped four miles north, near Fall Creek. The colored regiment. Col. Charles Russell, was in Camp Fremont, east of the lower end of Virginia Avenue. The Nineteenth Regulars, Lieut.-Col. King, was stationed in Indianapolis for some months in 1861.

The Soldiers' Home and the State Arsenal remain to be noticed among the more durable preparations for the emergencies of the war. The arsenal was the growth of Governor Morton's determination that the Indiana troops should go to the field fully prepared for any service, and as the national arsenals could not supply sufiScient good ammunition, he established the State Arsenal to help. It did that, and often helped the general government, too. The quartermaster supplied the material, and the Eleventh Regiment furnished the workmen, and on the 27th of April the arsenal was put in operation by moulding large quantities of bullets in hand-moulds with a blacksmith's furnace, and packing the cartridges in the next room. It was superintended by Herman

Sturm, and at first was carried on in Ott's cabinetfactory, opposite the State-House. Tlien it was removed to the temporary buildings north of the State- House, and finally to vacant ground east of the city, on the old Noble farm. In the fall of 1861, Secretary Cameron, with Adjutant-General Thomas and Senator Chandler, of Michigan, came to the city from Louisville (where they had seen General Sherman and decided that he was " crazy," because he wanted two hundred thousand men to take and hold the East Mississippi Valley, from the Ohio to the Gulf), and after examining the State Arsenal, approved it highly, It was discontinued on the 18th of April, 1864, after three years of service, in which it had turned out $788,838.45 worth of work, and had made for the State a profit of nearly ten per cent., or $77,457.32.

The Soldiers' Home, like the arsenal, was the suggestion of Governor Morton's restless solicitude for the welfare of the State's troops. This city was the main depot, recruiting station, drill-camp, and preparatory school of the whole State, and it was the chief resting-place of other troops passing east or west to the front. Of course, they always landed here hungry, dusty, and tired, and a sound sleep or a bath and a good meal were sometimes worth a man's life. The Soldiers' Home was a sort of military hotel in which all the accommodations were free. During the first months of the war the State Sanitary Commission had agents at the Union Depot to supply passing troops and take care of the sick at hotels ; but this was expensive and inconvenient, and a camp was established on the vacant ground south of the depot, with hospital tents and other conveniences, and maintained until 1862, when the Governor resolved to establish a permanent home. Quartermaster Asahel Stone selected the grove on the west side of West Street, just north of the Vandalia Railroad, and here temporary, but adequate and comfortable frame buildings were erected, enlarged, and added to till they could accommodate 1800 with beds and 8000 with meals every day. From August, 1862, to June, 1865, the Home furnished 3,777,791 meals, and during the year 1864 furnished an average of 4498 meals a day. The bread was supplied by a bakery maintained by the quartermaster with such strict economy and wise forecast that the rations of flour, to which the men served in the Home were entitled, sufficed for all they needed, and for thou.sands of loaves distributed among the poor besides. The saving in the rations of other articles amounted to $71,130.24. The saving of flour, after all bread supplies were completed, the sale of ofial, and a sutler's tax paid $19,642.19. Thus the Home was sustained in all its expenses almost wholly by the rations of the men provided for in it. On holidays the ladies of the city furnished festival dinners of their own preparation, waited at the table, and did all the service. A Ladies' Home, for the care of soldiers' wives and children, was opened in a building near the Union Depot, in December, 1863, taking care of an average of one hundred a day during the remainder of the war.

The State Sanitary Commission was first suggested by the necessities of the State troops in West Virginia among the mountains in the early fall or latter part of the summer of 1861. Governor Morton's endless difficulties in getting winter clothing and supplies through the elaborate entanglement of government " red tape" put his mind upon doing the necessary service in a better way, and thus came the Sanitary Commission of Indiana. The late Robert Dale Owen, the State's military agent in New York, made the first step in the scheme by purchasing, under the Governor's direction, twenty-nine thousand overcoats, some at seven dollars and seventyfive cents each, some at nine dollars and twenty-five cents. The United States Quartermaster, Meigs, refused to pay more than the regulation price for the latter, and the State assumed the extra one dollar and a half. Morton said, " If the general government will not pay at the current rates, Indiana will, for she will not allow her troops to sufler." Socks, shoes, and caps were lacking, blankets were defective and insufficient in quantity. To supply these deficiencies the Governor, on the 10th of October, 1861, issued his first appeal to the " women of Indiana," The response came in blankets, shirts, drawers, socks, and mittens, sheets, pillows, pads, bandages, lint, and dressing-gowns for hospital use, to the amount of many thousands of dollars. This was the first sanitary work of the war done anywhere by State or nation. Competent agents were appointed and sent : to the best points to carry on this work, which was to " render all possible relief to our soldiers, especially to those who were sick or wounded, whether in transit, in hospitals, or on the battle-field." Sanitary stores were sent to them for distribution. Besides these agents there were special agents, surgeons, and nurses, - many of the latter among ladies of high social position. From this city Mrs. Coburn, wife of Gen. Coburn, and Miss E. H. Bates, daughter of the first sheriff, were largely engaged in hospital service. Combined with the sanitary service there were agents to take care of the men's pay and bring it home free of cost to their families, to write letters for them, to see to the burial of the dead and the preservation of relics, and keep registers of all the men in hospitals, with date, disease, wound, and date and cause of death, if death ensued, for the information of relatives and friends, to assist returning soldiers in getting transportation, to look after returning prisoners, and in every way to be careful and affectionate guardians. Dr. BuUard, Dr. Parvin, and Rev. T. A. Goodwin were effectively engaged in these duties at one time or another, while Dr. William Hannaman was chief sanitary agent all the time, assisted by Alfred Harrison. The Commission during the time of its existence, from February, 1862, to the close of the war, collected in cash 8247,570.75 and in goods $359,000, making a total of sanitary contributions made in the State in about three years of 8606,570.75. An additional sum of $4,566,898 was contributed by counties, townships, and towns to the relief of soldiers' families and soldiers disabled by disease or wounds, making a total voluntary outlay in Indiana of over five millions of dollars, besides thousands of i which no account was ever made.

Some of the political incidents of the war are worth noting as an indication of the feeling of the people. At the outset there was never a word of sympathy with the rebellion heard. The feeling was all loyal or silent. One of the city papers neglected to hoist the national flag on its building, and the proprietor came near being mobbed by the intolerant patriots.

He and others suspected of Southern sympathies were made to take the oath of allegiance. As the war grew to be a familiar idea, and its conduct showed bad feeling and incompetent management, popular sentiment changed. Opposition began to speak more plainly and to take on a party aspect. That doubly embittered old differences. The loyal men talked of the others as traitors, and treated them as unfit for respectable society ; the latter retorted by censures of the tyranny of the government and the inefficiency of its conduct. At a county convention in the courthouse square on the 2d of September, 1862, some of the Democratic speakers, especially the late Robert L. Walpole, bitterly denounced the war, the government, and the soldiers. There were many of these in the crowd, and they were irritated. A riot followed, and some of the rebel sympathizers barely escaped with their lives ; if they had been caught they would have been killed. At the October election the opponents of the war were excluded from the polls by threats of violence. In 1864, while .the Nineteenth Veteran Regiment was here on a furlough allowed to re-enlisted veterans, the Sentinel made some allusion to the appearance of the men in a party procession the day before, and an angry crowd assailed the office with the avowed purpose of " cleaning it out," but were defeated by the resolute obstruction of Provost-Marshal (afterwards Governor) Baker. It was then in all Gen. Butler's operations south of Richmond and was conspicuous at Wathal Junction. The Democratic State Convention in 1864 came here armed, and kept up a considerable fusilade as it went away in the evening. The Eastern trains were stopped and the jubilant shooters compelled to give up their weapons to the number of several hundred.

The Legislature of 1863 was adverse to the war and the party sustaining the war. It refused to receive Governor Morton's message. It tried to deprive him of the constitutional command of the State militia. It proposed no less than thirty measures of truce or peace with the Confederate States. It failed to make any appropriations to carry on the State civil government or the military contributions to the gen- ' eral government. This forced Governor Morton to raise money by loans and popular contributions both for these purposes and for the payment of interest on the State debt to avoid the ruinous imputation of repudiation, which was so disastrous from 1841 to 1846. He constituted a " financial bureau" to meet the emergency, and for two years governed without any connection with the other State oflSces, which were in the hands of political antagonists and friends of the Confederacy. The Legislature of 1865, however, was of a different complexion, and legalized all the Governor's acts, paid his debts, and reimbursed his loans and contributions.

The most conspicuous feature of the political antagonism to the war were the " Treason Trials" of 1864. H. H. Dodd was first arrested on information, anonymously conveyed to the Governor by a lady in New York, that boxes of revolvers and ammunition had been sent to Dodd, marked " Sundayschool books," which were concealed or stored in the Sentinel building. This was the story at the time. Governor Morton, however, said that while the information came to him anonymously from a lady whom he never discovered, the boxes, when discovered, were merely marked " books" and " stationery." The " Sunday-school" was a humorous addition. Dodd was tried by court-martial, convicted, sentenced to death, and escaped as already related. At the same time William A. Bowles, the reversed hero of Buena Vista and head of the Sons of Liberty in ! this State, with Lamdin P. Milligan, Stephen Hor- [ sey, Andrew Humphreys, and the late Horace Heffren, were arrested. Later the first three were tried and convicted by court-martial, as above related. Humphreys was convicted, but sentenced to a re- ; Btraint within limits at home, and later was pardoned ; the late Dr. John C. Walker, colonel of the Irish regiment, a leader of the Sons of Liberty, went to England and was never disturbed ; Heffren turned State's evidence and convicted his associates.

Several rebel raids were made or attempted into In- i diana under the encouragement of the sympathizing associations to which these men and many thousands of others belonged. The first was led by Adam R. Johnson on Newburg, Warrick Co., July 18, 1863. The next was led by Capt. Thomas H. Hines, of

Morgan's division, June 17, 1863, entering this State eighteen miles above Cannelton, with sixty-two men. All but a dozen of them were captured in two days in Crawford County, after stealing a considerable number of good horses. The great raid, however, was that of Gen. John H. Morgan, with a brigade of two thousand four hundred and sixty men and four guns. They crossed the Ohio at Brandenburg, Ky., and passed into the interior of the State as far as Vernon. The home troops of the " Legion" and temporary volunteers met in University Square here, and drilled two or three times, the banks sent away their specie, and railroad travel southward was interrupted a little, but that was the worst effect in the city of the great Morgan raid. How it turned to a retreat in one day, and a flight the next day, and a surrender of most of the command in Ohio in a day or two more, everybody knows. A horrible catastrophe marked the first movement of troops here to meet the raid. A Michigan battery which had been stationed here for some time was hurrying from the artillery camp down Tennessee Street to Indiana Avenue, on its way to the depot, when the jolting of one of the caissons exploded a percussion shell and all the contents of the caisson with it, blowing two of the men over the tops of the shade-trees along the sidewalk, tearing them into fearful fragments, and killing them instantly, and mortally wounding a man and boy of the city who happened to be passing. It was about sundown of the 9th of July.

The worst effect of the political hostility to the war was not the conspiracies of secret orders of rebel sympathizers, the Knights of the Golden Circle and Sons of Liberty, nor the open legislative action in embarrassment of the efforts of the State and nation for the prosecution of the war, but in the encouragement to desertion, the organized protection of deserters, and the cool, calculating murder of draftofficers in three or four counties, and draft-mobs in a dozen. The soldiers at first did not properly understand their relation to the government. They thought that an enlistment was like any other engagement for service, terminable at any moment by giving up all claim to wages for the abandoned time. When the service became hard and the discipline unsparing, they got leave of absence to go home and stayed at home, protected by their friends of the anti-war party. Others deserted outright without any pretense of furlough. Organizations were made to protect them from arrest, and parties searching for them were fired upon repeatedly. Letters were written from home urging desertion, and these were sometimes published by the faithful recipients to expose the machinations of disloyal men. The eflfect of the combined adverse influences was that two thousand three hundred deserters came home from Indiana regiments alone in December, 1862-63. The discouragement of enlistments was a logical and inevitable part of the same impulse and movement. Natural conditions favored it. Wages rose rapidly with the vast reduction of the working force of the State, and with the depreciation of currency the prices of everything else rose. The volunteer of 1861 went out when the government's pay was about as good as any other employer's, and the service was not thought harder. It was a sort of national picnic with some chances of danger and hard usage. The paymaster would leave enough at his visits to niake a comfortable support for the family at home. In less than two years a great change had come. Wages were high, living costly, the soldier's pay, though increased, was relatively less. The family would be left with inadequate support, or trusted to the chance assistance of neighbors. The co-operation of these natural conditions with political antagonism forced upon all governments, national and local, the payment of large bounties to secure volunteers, under the President's calls, who should enable the community to avoid a draft. As the war went on and more men went to the field, and currency sank lower and prices rose higlier, bounties mounted too ; and under the last call for three hundred thousand men, Dec. 24, 1864, the national, county, and city bounties to volunteers in Indianapolis, with the advance pay, gave every man nearly one thousand dollars before he went into camp.

The city made an appropriation of ten thousand dollars on the 20th of April, 1861, for the support of the three months' men. Other smaller sums were frequently given to supply fuel, provisions, clothing.

and other necessaries to destitute families. In August, 1864, a purchase of two hundred cords of wood was made, and the following winter three thousand two hundred dollars was appropriated to similar service. Here and all over the State contributions of fuel and food were made by farmers who turned the occasion into a sort of holiday, and paraded the streets in long processions of loaded wagons to the music of a band or a drum and fife. Occasionally emulation would bring into a town huge wagons, each loaded with a whole winter's supply of wood for a single family. Some would have five cords, some seven, some more than that, and one bold donor from Perry township brought into Indianapolis once ten cords, and a liberal supply of flour, meat, and potatoes. Local fairs and private contributions raised large sums for sanitary purposes as well as for soldiers' families. A fair held on the fair ground, in connection with the regular State agricultural fair in 1864, raised forty thousand dollars. But the support of soldiers' families formed only a small part of the account of cities and counties in dealing with our volunteers. Bounties were the main source of expense.-

Going into the army had come to be viewed in a business aspect, mainly or wholly. The volunteers "meant business" and meant very little sentiment. So bounties were made to fit the emergency, like any other inducement to labor when hands are scarce. In the fall of 1862 the city appropriated five thousand dollars for bounties, which served for five or six months. On the 14th of December, 1863, twentyfive thousand dollars was appropriated to bounties, and ward committees raised considerable sums in addition by contribution. This enabled the city to avert the draft. The next summer, which completed the three years of many of the early regiments, saw a constant succession of veterans coming home on the long furlough allowed by the government to those that re-enlisted. These were uniformly met and welcomed, and paraded, and feasted by Governor Morton, Mayor Caven, and the citizens ; and occasionally some of the veterans would take the city's bounty and credit themselves here, counting thus against a future draft. The Seventeenth Regiment, one of the re-enlisted veteran regiments, had its whole force credited to Indianapolis, asking no bounty. Subsequently, however, some of the men hinted that it was hardly fair to pay raw recruits a thousand dollars and veterans of three years' service nothing, and the city thought so, too, and gave them five thousand three hundred and fifty-five dollars, which was all they asked.

On the suggestion of Governor Morton, the Governors of Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Iowa met here April 24, 1864, and recommended to the President to accept a force of eighty-five thousand men for one hundred days from these States, to guard Gen. Sherman's communications while he was marching to the sea. The President consented. Indiana was assigned seven thousand four hundred and fifteen men, and the city's quota was raised at once. The home regiment, the One Hundred and Thirty-second, under Col. Samuel C. Vance, Lieut.-Col. Samuel A. Cramer, and Maj. Hervey Bates, took away a larger number of well-known citizens than any during the whole war, and they did good service, too. Under the call for three hundred thousand men, Oct. 17, 1863, increased Feb. i, 1864, to five hundred thousand, and on March 14th to seven hundred thousand, no draft was made. The State had filled her whole quota of the three calls, with two thousand four hundred and ninety-three men to spare on the next one. On the 18th of July a call was made for five hundred thousand more, and the city's quota was fixed at one thousand two hundred and fifty-eight. For once the citizens had to move promptly and vigorously to escape a draft. Meetings to raise the requisite bounties to allure volunteers were held through the summer, and forty thousand dollars subscribed and eight hundred men enlisted. But we were still four hundred and fifty men short. The " enrolled men"' on the conscription record raised a considerable sum to secure substitutes, but still the deficit was not made up. Then the Council made on the 28th of September an appropriation of ninety-two thousand dollars, and on October 3d another of forty thousand dollars, to help in the strait ; and during October and November the quota was filled without a draft at a cost of one hundred and eighty thousand dollars. On Dec. 24, 1864, the last call for troops was made,

. which two thousand four hundred and ninety-three had been paid by over-enlistment on previous calls. The Council appropriated the unexpended remainder of the previous appropriation, - twenty-five thousand dollars, and later twenty thousand dollars. This was insufficient, and in January, 1865, the mayor recommended further appropriations and drafting by wards. The Council fixed upon one hundred and twenty-five

. thousand dollars, to be paid in one hundred and fifty dollar bounties, with ten dollars premium for each recruit ; and three days later made the bounty two hundred dollars, and obtained an order from Washington for a draft by wards. In February the Council gave t four hundred dollars to every man who should be drafted if he had purchased a fifty-dollar city order. On the 22d o,f February the citizens, to the number of four thousand four hundred, petitioned the Council to raise four hundred thousand dollars on city

I quota. The order was made and the bonds prepared and sent to New York, but none were sold. On the 6th of March one hundred thousand dollars was borrowed of five banks - twenty thousand dollars of each - at twelve per cent., and this was appropriated in four hundred dollar bounties. When the quota was nearly full it was found that some idiot in the War Office had made a blunder in fixing the city's credits for volunteers, and that the quota was filled with hundreds to spare. A fourth of the loan was saved. The war expense from May, 1864, to May, 1865, which included the great bulk of the outlay for bounties, was seven hundred and eighteen thousand one hundred and seventy-nine dollars. The whole war-

[ ing rapidly, business of all kinds was flourishing, and high taxes were easily borne comparatively. The rate ran from $1.50 to SI. 75, exclusive of State and

! county taxes, during the greater part of the war and the year following. Then came a clamor against such onerous rates, and a reduction was made till 1875, when the tax was made $1.50 again. Then it was reduced a little, and the next year a provision of the charter limited the total, including school and library tax, to $1.12. It is now at the limit. By the same provision the city debt was limited to two per cent, of the tax duplicate. That is also at the limit. The history of the city's debts is very short. In 1849 the amount was $6000 ; it was mostly paid by a special tax in 1850. In 1851 it was $5400, paid in 1854, except $557. In 1855 it was $10,000, and in 1856 $15,300. Jerry Skeen was appointed a special agent to negotiate $30,000 of city bonds in 1856 to pay the debt and put a little by for an emergency, and pledged the whole of them for $5000 to bet on the Democratic ticket that year. The city lost enough by these operations to make the debt in 1857 $23,740. In 1859 it was reduced to $9300, raised to $11,500 in 1860, and to $46,000 in 1861. In 1862 it was reduced to $16,500, in 1863 to $11,250, and later paid off. The war and big bounties and high prices left a debt of $368,000 in 1868, which was reduced to $100,000 in 1869, with $260,000 in cash in the treasury to pay it, as related in the services of Dr. Jameson as financial manager of the Council from 1863 to 1869.

In concluding this sketch of the history of the city and county during the war, it may not be irrelevant to note that a distinctively German regiment (the Thirty-second), Col. August Willich, and a distinctively Irish regiment (the Thirty-fifth), Col. John C. Walker, of Sons of Liberty fame, first, and then Col. Bernard F. Mullen, were organized and drilled and prepared for the field in the city camps. How many men enlisted in them from the city or county does not appear in the adjutant-general's report, as the residences are not given in the cases of several companies of both. The colonels (Willich, Von Trebra, and Erdelmeyer, of the Thirty-second) were all of this city, as well as Lieut.- Col. Hans Blume and Maj. Peter Cappell, but very few others were, and the residences of none of the enlisted are noted. Of the Thirty-fifth (Irish) Regiment a roster of the Marion County men is appended, with those of the other regiments which contained companies largely recruited in this city.

rial organization than the Cincinnati of the Revolutionary war, is largely represented among the veterans of the civil war, and in the city are the General Thomas Post, and the George H. Chapman Post, named from the late Gen. Chapman, of the city. The order in the State is represented by a weekly newspaper called the Grand Army Guard.

The effect of the war upon the city was instant and obvious, and increased continually. Previously the commercial business had been almost wholly retail, and conducted almost wholly on Washington Street. There were family groceries and bakeries and an occasional drug-store dropped about on convenient corners in more remote sections, but they formed no considerable part of the total. With the impulse derived from the large accumulations of temporary population and the trades that thrive by them came a permanent growth of improvements. A considerable portion of Illinois and Meridian Streets, between Washington and the depot, had been open ground, built up in spots with cheap frames on Illinois and large residences on Meridian. These vacancies were mainly filled and the little houses put aside for bigger ones, and both streets made almost solid masses of building. On Meridian Street they soon came to be used for wholesale trade chiefly, and then the commerce of the city may be said to have first put on an aspect of wholesale trade. There had been wholesale houses, off and on, since 1857, but the business did not amount to enough to make it a distinctive feature of the general city trade. On Illinois Street retail shops, saloons, and restaurants took the space, and they, with the hotels, still dominate that now most crowded and busy street of the city, except Washington. From these, in a year or two, the improving impulse spread north of Washington and along the avenues, and began to efface completely the country-town aspect which the city had worn in some measure since its foundation, in spite of the growth imparted by railroads and enlarged business. With a population of eighteen thousand six hundred in 1860, and with large manufactories scattered about in the creek valley, Indianapolis was still only a country town in appearance, with all its business on one street, and its gas and paving and draining barely begun. The magnitude of the change may be judged from a few facts. In 1865, the first year of which a full report was made, " permits" were issued for sixteen hundred and twenty-one buildings, at an estimated cost of two million dollars ; nine miles of streets and eighteen miles of sidewalk were graded and graveled, and one mile of streets bouldered, four miles of sidewalk paved, and three miles lighted with gas. In 1866 the building permits were eleven hundred and twelve, with an estimated cost of one million and sixty-five thousand dollars, eight and a half miles of streets and sixteen miles of sidewalks were graded and graveled, a third of a mile bouldered, two miles of sidewalks paved, and three miles lighted. In 1867 the buildings were seven hundred and forty-seven, at a cost of over nine hundred thousand dollars ; four and a half miles of streets and nine miles of sidewalks were graded and graveled, a half mile of streets was bouldered, two and a quarter miles of sidewalk paved, and four and a half miles lighted. This impulse of improvement continued, as heretofore related, till the panic of 1873 began to be operative here, about 1874-75, and by that time the population had swelled to threefold its former mass. It was eighteen thousand six hundred in 1860, and fortyeight thousand two hundred in 1870, increased by a corrected return made a few months later to fifty-two thousand, or nearly three times the population of the previous census.