Marion County, Indiana - Chapter 15: Orders, Societies, and Charitable Institutions of Indianapolis, 1884

Chapter 15: Orders, Societies, and Charitable Institutions of Indianapolis

The Hasons. - "When the middle-aged men of this generation were little boys the brightest days of the year were the Fourth of July, when the Sundayschools paraded, and a day in May - no fixed day probably - when the Freemasons assembled at the annual meeting of the Grand Lodge made a public demonstration, of which a street procession was the chief feature. The Masons - always given their full name, " Freemasons," and only abbreviated in the more practical days of the railroad era - made a peculiarly attractive show. There was a delightful mystery through the whole line, from the men with white aprons who held black sticks crossed at the top, to the chaplain with an open Bible before him, on to the gorgeously gilt aprons and scarfs of the Royal Arch and higher degrees. The squares and compasses on the aprons of some, the columns on those of others, the mysterious open eye on others, were strange enough to interest intelligent boys, and they followed the ranks from Hubbard's Block or Norwood's Block (Claypool's now), in all their stately marches, with a stronger interest than they did the cage-carriages of a menagerie or the spangled riders of a circus. These displays began here probably when it was decided to hold the annual communications permanently here, in 1833 or within two or three years later. Previously these annual meetings had been held in various towns as the Grand Lodge pleased, sometimes here, and sometimes in Corydon, Madison, Jefferson ville, Salem, Vincennes, or New Albany. These parades were made there, and maintained here till after the completion of the Grand Masonic Hall in 1850. But like the Sunday-school processions and other displays for mere show with no practical aim, they fell into disuse and disappeared as the steam clouds of railroad engines thickened, and the roar of factories and traffic drowned the music of their bands. They are seen now only in the fraternal duty they discharge at the funerals of brethren, or some rare civic demonstration.

The Grand Lodge of Indiana was formed at Madison on the 12th of January, 1818. Alexander A. Meek, the oldest Past Master present, presided. On the following day an election of officers was held and the first Grand Master of Indiana was elected, Alexander Buckner. The following is the official list of officers for the portion of the year remaining till the regular election in September, furnished for this work by the kindness of the Grand Secretary, with the list of those selected for the first full term :

The following complete roll of the Grand Masters of the order since the first organization of the Grand Lodge will be of interest to very many more than the members :

Grand Secretaries Of The Grand Lodge Of Indiana

The first subordinate lodge organized in Indianapolis was " Centre." A dispensation for this body was issued March 27, 1822, to Harvey Gregg, the first Master, Milo R. Davis, the first Senior Warden, and John T. Osborn, the first Junior Warden. A charter followed, on the 7th of October, 1822, with Harvey Gregg as first Master, Hervey Bates as first Senior Warden, and John T. Osborn as first Junior Warden. In 1834 this charter was surrendered and a new one granted Dec. 17, 1835. The whole number of Affiliated Master Masons in the city is about eleven hundred, according to the statement of Grand Secretary Smythe.

1882. First officers: Martin H. Rice, W. M. ; Edward H. Wolfe, S. W. ; Adolph Seidensticker, J. W. Present officers : Martin H. Rice, W. M. ; Jacob M. Bruner, S. W. ; Samuel A. Johnson, J. W. The symbol of the " Pentalpha" is the five-pointed star, composed of three triangles, the significance of which is thus explained by the official publication :

" Pentalpha, the name of this lodge, is the triple triangle, or the pentalpha of Pythagoras, and is so called from pente, five, and alpha, the letter A, because in its configuration it presents the form of that letter in five diiFerent positions. The mediseval Masons considered it a symbol of deep wisdom, and it is found among the architectural ornaments of most of the ecclesiastical edifices of the Middle Ages. As a Masonic symbol it peculiarly claims attention from the fact that it forms the outlines of the fivepointed star, whicli is typical of the bond of brotherly love that unites the whole fraternity. It is in this view that the pentalpha, or triple triangle, is referred to in Masonic symbolism as representing the intimate union which existed between our three ancient Grand Masters, and which is commemorated by the living pentalpha at the closing of every Royal Arch Chapter."

Grand Royal Arch Chapter of Indiana was organized in 1845, and held its thirty-eighth annual convocation in the Grand Masonic Temple, Oct. 17,

1883, A.L 2413. The present grand officers are: M. E. Robert Van Valzah, of Terre Haute, G. H. P. ; R. E. Benjamin P. Dawson, of Angola, Dep.

G. H. P. ; R E. Mortimer Nye, of La Porte, G. K. ; R. E. Christian Fetta, of Richmond, G. S. ; R. E. Charles Fisher, of Indianapolis, G. Treas. ; R. B. John M. Bramwell, of Indianapolis, G. Sec. ; E. Edward P. Whallon, of Vincennes, G. Chapl. ; E. Cal vin W. Prather, of Jeffersonville, G. C. of H. ; E. William M. Blakey, of Evansville, G. R. A. C ; Comp. William M. Black, of Indianapolis, G. G. ; M. E. William Hacker, of Shelbyville, C. of W. ; M. E. Thomas B. Long, of Terre Haute, Chairman Committee on Correspondence.

Grand Council op Royal and Select Masons of Indiana was organized in 1855, and held its twenty-eighth annual convocation in the Masonic Temple, Oct. 16, 1883, A.D. 2883. The present grand officers are Comp. LaGrange Severance, of Huntington, I. G. M. ; Comp. Thomas R. Austin, of Vincennes, Dep. I. G. M. ; Comp. Hezekiah R. Marlatt, of Winchester, G. I. M. ; Comp. Augustus M. Sinks, of Connorsville, G. P. C. of W. ; Comp. Charles Fisher, of Indianapolis, G. Treas. ; Comp. John M. Bramwell, of Indianapolis, G. R. ; Comp. Edward P. Whallon, of Vincennes, G. Chapl. ; Comp. Henry W. Mordhurst, of Fort Wayne, G. C. of G. ; Comp. William M. Black, of Indianapolis, G. S. and S. ; Comp. William Hacker, of Shelbyville, C. of W. ; Comp. William W. Austin, of Richmond, Chairman of Committee on Correspondence.

Grand Commandery of Indiana was organized in 1854, and held its twenty-ninth annual conclave in the Asylum of Raper Commandery, No. 1, Knights Templar, in Masonic Temple, April 24, 1883, A.O. 765. Sir Richard L. Woolsey, of Jeffersonville, R. E. G. C. ; Sir Walter Vail, of Michigan City, V. E. Dep. G. C. ; Sir Henry C. Adams, of Indianapolis, E. G. G. ; Sir Ephraim W. Patrick, of Evansville, E. G. C. G. ; Sir James H. Ford, of Logansport, E. G. P. ; Sir George W. F. Kirk, of Shelbyville, E. G. S. W. ; Sir Reuben Peden, of Knightstown, E. G. J. W. ; Sir Charles Fisher, of Indianapolis, E. G. T. ; Sir John M. Bramwell, of Indianapolis, E. G. R. ; Sir William A. Foote, of South Bend, E. G. S. B. ; Sir Edgar H. Andreas, of Lafayette, E. G. S. B. ; Sir Madison M. Hurley, of New Albany, E. G. W. ; Sir William M. Black, of

Indianapolis, G. C. of G. ; Sir William Hacker, of Shelbyville, C. of W. ; Sir Nicholas R. Ruckle, of Indianapolis, Chairman of Committee on Correspondence.

Indianapolis Chapter of Royal Arch Masons, No. 5, was chartered May 25, 1846. The present oflBcers are Herman Weinberger, H. P. ; William Wiegel, K. ; Charles A. Morse,^. Membership, one hundred and thirty.

Keystone Chapter, No. 6, of Royal Arch Masons, was organized under a dispensation Sept. 30, 1870, and chartered October 20th following. Present oflBcers : Jacob W. Smith, H. P. ; Christian Brink, K. ; Ferdinand Christman, S. Membership, one hundred and five.

Indianapolis Council, No. 2, of Royal and Select Masons, was organized under charter of Oct. 18, 1855. Present oflScers: Herman Weinberger, I. M. ; Roger Parry, Dep. I. M. ; William Wiegel, P. C. of \V. Membership, one hundred and forty.

Raper Commandery, No. 1, op Knights Templar. - A sketch of the history of this notable body by Grand Secretary Smythe appears in the Masonic Advocate of last December, from which it appears that the organization was made on the 17tli of May, 1848, at the residence of Governor Whitcomb (the executive mansion, northwest corner of Illinois and Market Streets), and took its name from Rev. William Raper, an eminent Methodist clergyman and chief of the Reed Commandery, No. 6, of Dayton, Ohio. He was for many years known in the West as a lecturer on Masonry. Mr. Suiythe adds : " He was present at the organization of this, the first commandery in Indiana, and assisted very materially in laying the foundation ' deep, broad, and strong' upon which the superstructure of Raper Commandery has so firmly rested. A period of thirty-five years has elapsed since that little band of Sir Knights, consisting of Abel C. Pepper, James H. Pepper, James Stirrat, Caleb Schmidlap, Isaac Bartlett, Francis King, B. T. Kavanaugh, Henry C. Laurence, Seth Beers, William Hacker, William H. Raper, and Samuel Reed (the latter two named being from Ohio), met at the residence of Governor Whitcomb, where Raper Commandery was organized under many diflSculties."

Since its organization four hundred and forty-five Knights have held membership in this body, and the present number is one hundred and seventy-six. The drill of this commandery, which has won it a national distinction, was mainly the work of Col. N. 11. Ruckle, of the Indiana Eleventh Regiment, now P. G. C. of the commandery. In the competitive drill at Cleveland in 1877 it took the second prize, a silver libation set. At Chicago, in 1880, it took the first prize, a fine sword set with diamonds. At San Francisco, last year, it took the second prize, a mounted Knight Templar in bronze, with gold armor and trappings set on a column of gold-bearing quartz finely polished and ornamented with emblematical figures and gems, and wreathed with a vine of enameled work, the whole costing over two thousand dollars.

The Scottish Rite A. and A. Masons receive none but those who have attained the Master's degree in the York Rite. The highest degree is the thirty-third. The order is divided into four bodies, - " Lodges of Perfection," " Councils of Princes of Jerusalem," " Chapters of Rose Croix," and " Consistories of Princes of the Royal Secret." In February, 1864, the Supreme Council granted to Caleb B. Smith, ex-Secretary of the Interior, and his associates, a dispensation to institute the first lodge of the Scottish Rite A. and A. Masonry, and the Adoniram Grand Lodge of Perfection was thus organized. The present members are Nicholas Ruckle, 33°, T.-. P.'.G.-.M.; Jos. W. Smith, 33°, H.-.D.-.T.-.G.-.M.; John T. Brush, V.-.S.-.G.-.W.; Samuel A.Johnston, Ven.-.J.-.G.-.W. ; John A. Holman, G.-.Orator; Joseph Staub, G.-.Treas. ; Cortes F. HoUiday, 33°, G.-.Seo.-.K.-.of S.; Jacob W. Smith, 33°, G.-.Mas.-.of Ceremonies; J. Giles Smith, G.'.Capt.-.of the G. ; Charles H. Reynolds, G.'. Hospitaller ; Henry H. McGafFey, G.-.Tiler. Trustees : Nicholas Ruckle, 33°, Phineas G. C. Hunt, 33°, Austin H. Brown, 33°.

Indianapolis Chapter op the Rose Croix was opened, under a dispensation granted to Theodore P. Haughey and others, Nov. 2, 1864. The Indiana Consistory was given a dispensation, through Edwin A. Davis and others, Nov. 2, 1864. The present officers of both the Chapter and Consistory are Byron K. Elliott, M.-.W.-.and P.-.M. ; Roscoe 0. Hawkins, M.-.E.-.and P.-.K.-.S.-. W. ; Jno. A. Holman, M.-.E.-.and P.-.K.'.J.-.W. ; Frisby S. Newcomer, M.-.E.-.and P.-.K.-.G.-.O. ; Joseph Staub, R.-.and P.-.K.-.Treas. ; Cortes F. Holliday, 33°, R.-.and P.-.K.-.Sec. ; John R. Nickum, R.-.and P.-.K.-.H. ; John A. Henry, R.-.and P.-.K.-.M.-.of C. ; J. Giles Smith, R.-.and P.-.K.-.C.-.of G.

Acting members of the Supreme Council : Elbridge G. Hamilton, 33°, John Caven, 33°, Thomas R. Austin, 33° ; deputy for the district of Indiana, Elbridge G. Hamilton. The roster of members contains about six hundred names.

The building recently erected by the A. and A. Masons of the city is claimed by tlicm and generally conceded by others to be the most complete Scottish Rite temple in the United States or the world. The east and south walls are one hundred and six feet high, and command the best view of the city attainable anywhere within its limits. The cost of fitting it up was about fifty thousand dollars. The ground-floor is rented for business houses, and the whole of the upper space is used by the order. A recent description says that on the west side are the secretary's room, two parlors, and the library-room. These four rooms are each twenty-five feet square and en suite. Of the library, donated by Mr. William Hacker, it may be said that in intrinsic value as a Masonic library it stands only second in the United States. These rooms are all carpeted with velvet. The furniture of the secretary's room and the library is walnut and leather, and of the two parlors walnut and plush. On the east side is the banquet-room, thirty-five by fifty-nine feet, which by means of folding doors can be thrown open, and with the other rooms on the floor accommodate a great throng of people. Communicating with the banquet-room is a large and admirably-arranged kitchen and pantry.

On the third floor, which will be devoted to work in the degrees leading to and including the fourteenth, or Perfection degree, are the candidates' room and the Perfection room. The first is nineteen by forty feet, the furniture being walnut and plush ; the other is twenty-five by thirty-eight feet in its auditorium, with a stage twenty feet deep. Adjoining this are .scene-rooms, etc. On this floor, as on the others, there are all conveniences, including numerous and easy exits to the floor below.

The fourth and fifth stories, in which will be conducted the work of conferring the higher degrees, mu.st be considered as forming one story. On the west side is the grand auditorium-room forty by eighty feet, including a stage thirty feet high. The scene-room and amphitheatre on this floor is twentytwo by fifty feet and twenty-seven feet high, and the candidates' room is nineteen by forty feet. Around three sides of the theatre (for so it must be called) are broad and capacious galleries that will seat over four hundred and fifty persons, and the sunlight that depends from the centre of the ceiling difl'uses a beautiful and brilliant light over the audience- room. This room and the ceiling and galleries have been exquisitely frescoed.

CoLOKED Masons. - The Grand Lodge of colored Masons of Indiana was chartered by the National Grand Lodge assembled at Cincinnati July 30, 1859. The first Grand Master was John G. Britton. The present is Charles Lancier. Of the present subordinate lodges it is said that Central, No. 1, was at first the Union, No. 1, organized in 1846; but be

Wuterford Lodge, No. 13. - Present oflScers: Henry S. Seaton, M. ; William Lockett, Sec. Membership of all the lodges, two hundred and seventy-five.

Masonic Mutual Benefit Society, - The object of this association is to give assistance to the families or dependents of deceased members. None are admitted but Master Masons of this State in good standing and good health at the time. There are four classes and two divisions. Art. VI. of the constitution thus defines the classes : first, from twenty-one to thirty years of age ; second, from thirty-one to forty ; third, from forty-one to fortyseven ; fourth, from forty-eight to fifty-five. The assessments are made on the deaths of members as follows : first class pays one dollar ; second, one dollar and ten cents ; third, one dollar and twenty-five cents ; fourth, one dollar and eighty cents.

The benefits are thus defined in the constitution : " Upon the death of a member the directors shall pay to the beneficiary of the deceased member a sum equal to seventy cents for every member of the society of the first class at the time of his death ; seventy-five cents for every member of the second class ; ninety-five cents for every member of the third class; and one dollar and sixty cents for every member of the fourth class. The payments are only for the divisions of the society of which the deceased was a member ; but not more than twenty-five hundred dollars shall be paid to beneficiaries of the first division, and not more than fifteen hundred dollars to those of the second division." Out of the assessments not required to pay benefits and out of the admission fees of members is made a permanent fund to make payments to heirs before assessments are paid; to make up deficiencies, and to pay expenses of management. The number of members in the two divisions in 1883 was 9013, or in the first 4932, in the second 4081. Deaths in the first, 55 ; in the second, 23 ; a total of 78. Average percentage of deaths in thirteen years, 10.92 ; percentage to one thousand members, 8.65. Increase of membership in the year ending July 31,. 1883, 4833, or 115 per cent. Amount of benefits paid to 1st of January, 1884, $2,452,337.96. The Odd-Fellows. Grand Lodge. - Though the origin of the Masonic order is mythical, and not made clearer or more authentic by its authoritative expositions, that of Odd-Fellowship is as well ascertained as the origin of the Temperance Union or the United States government. From chance meetings of " good fellows," who fancied the name " Odd-Fellows," at taverns for convivial purposes in London, it advanced first to permanent organization, and then to a moral and benevolent association which stands fairly among the most potent agencies for good in this world, at least of those of human device. It was introduced in this country by Thomas Wildey in 1819, who, with four others, that year formed the Washington Lodge, No. 1, in Baltimore, and soon afterwards obtained a charter from the Manchester Unity, the central organization of England, for the Grand Lodge of Maryland and the United States. The first lodge in Indiana was organized in New Albany in October, 1835, the next in Madison in 1836. These two obtained from the Grand Lodge of the United States authority for a Grand Lodge of Indiana, Aug. 14, 1837, instituted by the Deputy Grand Commander of the Grand Lodge of Kentucky, Henry Wolford. It was located at New Albany until 1841, when it was removed to Madison. In September, 1845, the Grand Lodge of the United States authorized a vote of the subordinate lodges of the States to decide whether another removal should not be made to Indianapolis. The decision was affirmative, and the

Okders, Societies, And Chakitable Institutions

The report of Grand Secretary Foster shows that there are now six hundred and four lodges in the State, with an aggregate contributing membership of twentysix thousand and seventeen. In the year ending last November (1883) the number of brothers relieved was seventeen hundred and eighteen ; of families, one hundred and seventy ; amount paid for relief of brothers, $31,052.95; for relief of widowed families, $3334.58 ; for educating orphans, $625.50 ; for burying the dead, $8173.32 ; other charitable purposes, $4084.51 ; total for charity and relief, $47,- 270.56.

In the year 1853 the Odd-Fellow.s began the work of providing themselves with a suitable building for Grand Lodge meetings and the use of subordinate lodges and encampments. Subscriptions by lodges and individuals to the amount of forty-five thousand dollars were procured, and the northeast corner of ] Pennsylvania and Washington Streets bought. On | this lot had stood the first carriage factory in the city, and later the dry-goods store of Col. Russell and ' William Conner (the Indian agent and guide), fol- ! lowed by that of Smith & Hanna ; while along its eastern line was the lot on which Luke Walpole had one of the first stores in the place. The building was planned by the late Francis Costigan, who built the post-office and the Oriental House (now part of the Grand Hotel), but finished by D. A. Bohlon, who mounted an elongated and very pretty dome upon it. The style of the structure was fanciful, but attractive, and it is still counted one of the prettiest buildings in the city. Some years ago it was reconstructed and the dome taken oflF, but not otherwise greatly changed. The entire cost of building and site was sixty-two thousand dollars.

The Grand Encampment of Indiana was in- .stituted Jan. 10, 1847, by the late Jacob P. Chapman, by warrant from the Grand Lodge of the United States. The following is the roll of the Past Grand Patriarchs :

The Grand Encampment now represents one hundred and fifty-nine subordinate encampments, with five thousand five hundred and seven contributing members ; paid for relief of patriarchs, widowed families, burying the dead, and other charitable purposes, five thousand one hundred and sixty-six dollars and twenty-two cents.

Subordinate Lodges op Indianapolis. - Centre, No. 18, was instituted on the 24th of December, 1844, with the following members : William Sullivan, Edgar B. Hoyt, Jacob P. Chapman, William A. Day, Enoch Pile, Jacob B. McChesney, and John Kelly. William Sullivan was the first Noble Grand, and the first representative to the Grand Lodge. The present officers are Frank Matlock, N. G. ; W. W. Knight, Sec. Contributing members, one hundred and thirty-five.

fhiloxenian Lodge (Strangers' Friend), No. 44, was instituted July 8, 1847, with the following members: Harvey Brown, D. P. Hunt, Willis W. Wright, John J. Owsley, William Robson, George D. Staats, D. T. Powers, Lafayette Yandes, William Mansur. The first officers were Harvey Brown, N. G. ; David P. Hunt, V. G. ; Willis W. Wright, Sec. ; John J. Owsley, Treas. The present officers are John Gustin,

Capital Lodge, No. 124, was instituted Jan. 20 1853, with the following first officers : John Dunn N. G. ; John Cottman, V. G. ; William Wallace, Rec Sec. ; George F. McGinnis, Treas. The present oifi cers are M. J. Laporte, N. G. ; W. A. McAdams Sec. Contributing members, one hundred and seventy-nine.

Germania Lodge, A'o. 129, was established Feb. 24, 1853, with ten members and the following first officers : Charles Conlon, N. G. ; Alexander Metzger, V. G. ; Julius Boettiker, Sec. ; Henry Schmidt, Treas. Present officers are H. Ranje, N. G. ; and H. p]. Thomas, Sec.

Subordinate Encampments. - The Metropolitan, No. 5, was instituted July 20, 1846, with the following past officers: Jacob P. Chapman, C. P.; Edwin Hedderly, H. P. ; George B. Warren, S. W. ; W. B. Preston, J. W. ; Benjamin B. Taylor, S. ; A. C. Christfield, Treas. ; John H. Taylor, Sent. Present officers: S. W. Wales, C. P.; Charles B. Foster, S. Contributing members, one hundred and seventytwo.

Marion, No. 35, was instituted March 24, 1853, with the following past officers: Obed Foote, C. P.; Joseph K. English, H. P. ; Anthony Defrees, S. ; Daniel Yandes, Jr., S. W. ; William C. Lupton, J. W. ; George G. Holman, Treas. ; John M. Kemper, Sent. It had ninety members in 1870. Since that

CoLOEED Odd-Fellows have a Grand Lodge (Mr. Paran, G. M.) and three subordinate lodges in the city, with one female affiliated society called Household of Ruth, Lodge 34, and a P. G. M. Council. They all meet in No. 82J East Washington Street.

Odd-Fellows' Mutual Aid Association. - This society was organized Nov. 21, 1872, with a board of twelve directors, of which William Wallace was president ; Leonidas Sexton, vice-president ; J. W. McQuiddy, secretary ; and Theodore P. Haughey, treasurer. The following is the present board of directors and officers : William Wallace, president ; Thomas Underwood, vice-president; John W. Mc- Quiddy, secretary ; Theodore P. Haughey, treasurer ; W. E. Jeffries, medical examiner. Directors : William Wallace, P. G. ; Thomas Underwood, P. G. M. ; John W. McQuiddy, P. G. M. ; Theodore P. Haughey, G. Treas.; Piatt J. Wise, P. G. M. ; William H. DeWolf, P. G. M. ; James B. Kimball,

P. G. M. ; John F. Wildman, D. G. M. ; Nathaniel P. Richmond, P. G. M. ; Samuel B. Halley, P. G. F. ; Edward S. Porter, G. H. P.; John F. Wallick, P. 6. P. This association, like that of the Masons, divides the members into four classes, those from twenty-one to thirty years of age constituting the first class ; from thirty-one to forty, the second class ; at once, and in less than a. month the Grand Lodge of the District of Columbia was organized. This was rapid growth, but the decay was equally rapid. In about two years all the lodges were dead but the second one formed in Washington. It became the nucleus of future accretions, and in another year the order began its second growth. A lodge was estabfrom forty-one to fifty, the third class ; from fifty-one i lished in Philadelphia, and was followed in other to fifty-five, the fourth class. On the death of a member each of the other members, within fifteen days, pays to the secretary or his duly authorized agent assessments, as follows : Members of the first class, one dollar ; of the second class, one dollar and five cents ; of the third class, one dollar and twenty-five cents ; of the fourth class, one dollar and eighty cents. The report for the year ending Nov. 1, 1883, shows that 2625 certificates are " in force," of which 390 are in the first class, 1015 in the second class, 859 in the third class, and 39-1 in the fourth class. The total amount of benefits paid from the organization of the association is $776,071.82. Whole number of deaths in the two divisions since organization is 379. The following summary shows the operation of the aid system as clearly as anything that can be put in equal space. The cost to each member in the first division for the year for $2500 has been as follows: First class, $31, or $12.40 per $1000; second class, $32.55, or $13.02 per $1000; third class, $28.75, or $15.50 per $1000; fourth class, $55.80, or $22.32 per $1000.

Knights of Pythias. - The mo.st numerous and respectable secret order, after the M.isons and Odd- Fellows, is the Knights of Pythias, an outgrowth of the period since the war. The first lodge was organized in Washington City in February, 1864, by J. H. Rathbone. A few other lodges followed quarters, till on the 11th of August, 1868, the rejuvenated order felt able to organize a Supreme Lodge of the World at Washington. In the .session of 1869, at Richmond, Va., seven States and the District of Columbia were represented; in 1870, in New York, seven more States, including Indiana, were represented ; at the third ses^sion, in Philadelphia, twenty-two States in all were represented. It has overspread to Europe and South America and all round the world.

The order was brought to Indiana by Charles P. Carty, who organized the first lodge in Indianapolis - Marion Lodge, No. 1 - on July 12, 1869. In three months there were three lodges here and three in Fort Wayne, and these organized the Grand Lodge on the 20th of October. 1869. The first Grand Lodge ofiicers were Charles P. Carty, V. G. P., Indianapolis; John Caven, G. C, Indianapolis; John L. Brown, V. G. C, Fort Wayne ; George H. Swain, G. R. and C. S, Indianapolis ; George F. Meyer, G. B., Indianapolis; John B. Ryan, G. G., Indianapolis; William A. Root, G. I. S., Indianapolis; Charles Johns, G. 0. S., Indianapolis. On the 1st of May, 1871, there were nine lodges in good working order, with an aggregate membership of seven hundred in the State. In this city there are eight lodges, all meeting at the hall northwest corner of Market and Pennsylvania Streets. The general relief committee meets there the first Saturday of every month. The ahnual convocations meet the fourth Tuesday in January. The present grand ofiicers are James T. Darnell, P. G. C. ; E. G. Herr, G. C. ; R. A. Carrau, G. P. ; W. L. Dunlap, G. M. of E. ; D. B. Shideler, G. K. of R. and S.

Knights of Honor. - The Grand Lodge meets annually on the last Tuesday in February, hall northwest corner of Market and Pennsylvania Streets. William D. Bynum, G. D. ; James W. Jacob, G. R.

Women are members and officers of one of the divisions called the Degree of Perfection, of which i there are two lodges, Hope, No. 6, and Martha Lodge. Of the latter Elizabeth Hert is P., and Peter Lehr, R. j

Druids, - The Grand Grove of Indiana was | established in Indianapolis in 1860, and the order has three groves here, Chapter, No. 3, and Germania Circle, No. 2. The groves are Octavian,

Red Men, - The first of the tribes of this order organized here was the Pocahontas, Oct. 3, 1869, with forty-eight members. This division of the Red Men to which it belongs is called the " Independent Order," or " United Order." The other is called the " Improved Order," and has three tribes here which have a hall in the Griffith Block, No. 36J West Washington Street.

Royal Arcanum, - The Grand Council meets annually on the first Wednesday in March in the hall, Bates' Block, North Pennsylvania Street; C. B. Miller, G. R. ; Frank W. Olin, G. Sec. The subordinate councils are

0. of C, F, (Chosen Friends), - The Supreme Council meets first Tuesday in September ; A. Alcon, S. C. ; T. B. Linn, S. R. Hall, 172J East Washington Street. The Grand Council meets the third Tuesday in February, Nos. /16 and 18 Hubbard's Block ; Dr. C. S. Pixley, G. C. ; C. Bradford, G. R.

v. 0. H. - Supreme Lodge meets first Wednesday in October ; George W. Powell, Sup. Prest. ; Ernest Duden, Sup. Sec. ; A. L. Blue, Sup. Treas. Grand Lodge meets third Tuesday in May ; Thomas E. Boyd, G. Prest. ; Ernest Duden, G. Sec. ; Samuel B. Corbaley, G. Treas. ; Mrs. Althouse, G. Chapl. The subordinate lodges are :

D. R. K. - St. Bonifacius' Support Union and St. Joseph's Support Union are both purely German and Catholic charitable associations, holding their meetings at St. Mary's School.

G. A. R. (Grand Army of the Republic). - Southeast corner of Tennessee and Market Streets. Commander, James R. Carnahan, Adjt.-Gen. of Indiana; Ben. D. House, A. A. G. ; G. H. Shover, A. Q. M. G. There are two posts here, George H. Thomas and George H. Chapman. The colored members have a post partially organized.

Knights of Labor.- - -This is the most recent and one of the most extensive orders in the city. Its name indicates its character as a sort of workingmen's order, irrespective of differences of trades and occupations. The minor or local bodies are called " Assemblies," and in some women are admitted to membership, with a probability of the formation of "Assemblies" wholly of women. Female Knights of Labor will be a rather incongruous name, but not more so than Knights of Temperance or knights of some other cause as ill fitted with such designations. The fancy for mediaBval names and distinctions could be changed with an improvement of taste to others of a later date and more apt significance. A knight and a workingman are as nearly antipodal as any two conditions of mortal life can be, or could when there were such existences.

The Elks. - This is a recent organization and rather a restricted, not to say select, one in Indianapolis, seemingly composed of artistic or aesthetic elements derived from the stage and the fine arts. The benevolent characteristic no doubt is asserted in its organization, but its primary purpose seems to be convivial and entitle itself to the name of good fellows. The significance of the name they have adopted is probably the secret of the order.

Among these minor orders there are of course not a few lodges and organizations that amount to little more than a name. Besides these there are some that have come and gone, or at least make no demonstration of existence, which were once active societies. Among these are the Heptasophs, or Seven Wise Men, who had two lodges or conclaves here ten or twelve years ago. The Sons of Herman is another that was in prosperous condition a dozen years ago, and is now dead or idle. An unusually large proportion of these minor secret orders are of German origin and membership. The meeting-place of all the State organizations and larger combinations of all of them is Indianapolis.

It may be worth noting in this connection that the central location of this city, and its ready accessibility by rail, have for thirty years made it a frequent meeting-place of national assemblages as well as those State and local gatherings which naturally gravitate to the State capital. The first of these probably was the national Woman's Rights meeting, held in Masonic Hall in 1855, referred to in the general history. The first of full national, or even wider, interest was the Methodist General Conference which met here May 1, 1856, in the hall of the House in the old State-House. May 18, 1859, the General Assembly of the Old School Presbyterian Church of the United States met here in the Third Church building, corner of Illinois and Ohio Streets. Among the distinguished clergymen in attendance were Dr. Alexander, of Princeton ; Dr. McMaster, of New Albany, Ind. ; Dr. Thornwell, of South Carolina ; Dr. Palmer, of New Orleans ; Dr. N. L. Rice, of Lexington, Ky. j Dr. Breckenridge, of Kentucky. The National Christian Missionary Society has been here. The National Scientific Association met here one year in the old State- House, when the celebrated botanist, Asa Gray, was here, and Dr. T. Sterry Hunt. Besides these, the National Pharmaceutical Association has met here, the National Bee-Keepers' Association, the National Poultry Breeders' Association, the National Wool-Growers' Association, the National Short-Horn Association, the National Swine Breeders' Association, railroad associations, and conventions innumerable ; political conventions of all degrees except a national nominating convention ; temperance and reform conventions, business conventions, all kinds of public assemblages, representing all interests, from setting telegraph-poles to saving souls. No city in tiie Union is more familiar with the annoyance or satisfaction, as it happens, of crowds of strangers on some special engagement of interest or duty. This pre-eminence is likely to grow instead of decline as the city's traveling facilities increase, and with them increase the means of comfortable accommodation of visitors.

Charitable Associations. - While secret or special organizations give due attention to the needs of their own adherents, and occasionally to those who have no such claim upon them, there is still a large balance of want and suffering in a city so largely filled with temporary residents and professional beggars as the centre of our railroad system must be, and these must be cared for by the benevolent associations which are rarely lacking in any town of the West, either as unsectarian combinations of all classes of citizens or as appendages of churches. The township trustee does a great deal of charitable service, as the legal agent of the community, with the revenues placed by law in his hands for that purpose. But legal assistance has to be supplemented by the aid of associations, and in not a few cases some of the most deserving of the necessitous will not apply to the trustee. The following report of the township's charitable work during the first month of the year 1884 will give some idea of the character and extent of the claims on the charity-fund provided by taxation :

The oldest, most conspicuous, and most effective benevolent association in the history of the city, until within the last few years, was the Indianapolis Benevolent Society. It is traditionally claimed to have been organized on Thanksgiving evening, 1835 ; but this is a suggestion starting in the fact that the annual meetings were held on the evenings of Thanksgiving days, or the following Sundays. The first Thanksgiving day observed by public order or request was the 28th of November, 1839, on a proclamation of Governor Wallace. The Benevolent Society was organized four years before. Its work was done by visitors, who were appointed - a man and a woman together - to small, well-defined districts, to visit every resident and procure contributions of everything that could be made serviceable to the needy. These collections were kept in a depos-

1 itory by some well-known citizen, and given out on direct application, or on the order of some member of the society. It did a great deal of good work, but could not do close work, and, like its coadjutor association ten years ago, the Ladies' Relief Society,

The .money collected, usually in considerable amounts, was used to pay the bills of grocers on whom orders were given for family supplies to the amount of one dollar and fifty cents a week, except in cases of sickness or special urgency. Transient sufferers were relieved by a special committee when their cases were discovered in time. James Blake was president of this old charity from its organization till his death, Nov. 26, 1870 ; Calvin Fletcher, Sr., was the secretary from the first till his death, May 26, 1866 ; James M. Ray was treasurer from the first till Mr. Blake's death, when he became president. Occasional organizations of the same character were formed and maintained with this reliable charity, but none continued long or did much. The Ladies' Relief, just referred to, was the most eflScient of those for several years, but went out some four or five years ago.

The Charity Organization. - All the charitable associations in the city disconnected with the secret orders have within the last few years been combined into a perfectly methodized system, each with its special province, and the work so well arranged and so intelligently prosecuted that it is no idle boast to say that Indianapolis has as comprehensive and complete a system of private charities as any city in the United States ; the old Benevolent Society is part of it. The Charity Organization, as the combination is called, has a special duty separate from the societies that compose it. An authoritative publication thus defines generally the purpose of each:

" The special work of each society is this : The Charity Organization Society looks up each case of reported need, brings together a nnmber of men and women to decide how it should be helped. The Benevolent Society gives the special relief decided upon, - rent, food, fuel, loans, work, sends transients to the Friendly Inn, and gives boys work. During the late cold days about fifty each night were lodged. The Flower Mission takes care of the sick poor, sends nurses, and provides suitable food. The Training- School, educates nurses and sends them into private families and among the sick poor. Through the city dispensary, the orphan asylum, and the hospitals we can take care of all cases of need quickly and adequately. We think that no one need be in want or suffering a day who will lot it be known to these societies. By this means, also, the great waste of charity, when given to the unworthy, is stopped."

Flower Mission Training- School. - Committee on Organization, Mrs. Hannah G. Chapman, chairman ; Mrs. John M. Judah, Mrs. John A. Holman, Mrs. Julia H. Goodhart, Mrs. George T. Evans, Mrs. A.

Indianapolis Benevolent Society. - Founded 1876. Gives relief; operates the Friendly Inn, for transients ; the Friendly Inn Wood-Yard, for giving work to all out of work ; the Employment Agency, for finding work for women and girls; the Industrial Committee, for giving work in sewing to women ; the Friendly Visitors, for bringing the poor under the personal care of some friend. The society expects also to open a school for teaching girls that which they shall practice when they become women, - sewing, housekeeping, cooking, etc.

Charity Organization Society. - Organized December, 1879. This society does not give relief. It is, as its name signifies, a society for organizing charity. It proposes to meet a scientific pauperism with a scientific charity. It co-ordinates the charitable forces. It brings all interested in the work of helping the poor together. It exchanges information. It registers all information concerning dependent and neglected classes. It investigates all cases applying for aid. It publishes the best methods of caring for the needy. It covers the field with watchful visitors, who see that no suffering is unrelieved. It distributes among societies ready to help, those who are needy and worthy. It watches the administration of public funds as regards the poor and criminal. It wants to know the reason why certain abuses and wrongs exist, which may be remedied. It organizes the charitable and moral forces of the community, in order to counteract the evils incident to city life. It is a bureau of information, a clearing-house of charities, a commercial agency of records of the poor.

The Flower Mission. - Founded in 1876. The work of this society lies among the sick. It distributes flowers in the hospital ; looks after the sick poor, seeing that they have proper food ; provides nurses, bedding ; provides original appliances for crippled children. It is woman caring for women and children, nourishing and visiting.

outgrowth of the Flower Mission work, was begun in September, 1883. Its design is to train a body of skilled nurses to nurse among the sick poor and in the homes of the city. The school is now in operation at the City Hospital ; has a superintendent and two trained nurses from Bellevue Hospital, and six pupil nurses. It gives a two years' course of instruction to women, thus opening up a new profession and aiding the physician by an intelligent helper.

In the construction of this admirable organization, as well as in the prosecution of its multifarious labors, Rev. Oscar C. McCulloch, of Plymouth Church, has borne his share and rather more, and very fairly stands at the head of it. Whether without him would any part of it have been made that is made, is a question. What these afiSliated bodies have done, each in its own province, is stated ia the following summary :

Class II. - Cases needing work rather than relief, but relieved : Out of work, able and willing, 85 ; insuflBcient work, able and willing to do more, 170 ; unfitted by infirmity or family cares for all but special kinds, 56 ; shiftless, imprudence or intemperance, 76 ; others, 30 ; total, 387.

Class III. - Cases not requiring, unworthy, or not entitled to relief, relief denied : Not requiring, 79 ; owning property, having relatives able to support, hopelessly shiftless or improvident, 149 ; preferring to live on alms, 111 ; others, 40 ; total, 379.

Inbianapolis Benevolent Society. - Amount expended in direct relief, 82286.24. Friendly Inn - Lodgings furnished, 4188; meals furnished, 8203; strangers cared for, 382 ; number employed in yard, 2725. Employment Agency - Employers' applications, 305 ; employes' applications, 267 ; number of j girls registered, 2136. Industrial Committee - ' Women given work, 20. Friendly Visitors - No account is kept of visits. i

Flower Mission. - During the year the Flower Mission has cared for two hundred and one different cases. The number under care each month is as follows :

In addition, the Flower Mission united with the ladies of the Benevolent Society, Children's Aid, Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and interested individuals in giving a picnic to the poor children of the city. About eight hundred went to Salem. The success of it may be inferred from the remark of a boy that " The grub is better even than a fellow gets in jail."

The following list embraces every charitable organization and agency in the city, with its location and time of meeting, where meeting is necessary to action. Of most of these no further account is necessary than is furnished by its name and object. Of a few, however, the history extends over a considerable period, and requires a more extended notice, which will follow this :

Charily Organization Society. - Central office, Plymouth Building ; District office, Nos. 1 and 2 Plymouth Building. Committee meets on Tuesdays at 3.30 P.M.

The Orphans' Home. - This, the oldest of the local asylums of the city, was projected by the old Benevolent Society in 1849, and an organization formed in November of that year. In January, 1850, it was chartered by the Legislature, and the first officers were Mrs. A. W. Morris, president ; Mrs. Alfred Harrison, Mrs. William Sheets, Mrs. Judge Morrison, vice-presidents ; Mrs. Isaac Phipps, treasurer; Mrs. Hollingshead, secretary; Mrs. Wilkins, depository ; Mrs. Calvin Fletcher, Mrs. Graydon, Mrs. Maguire, Mrs. I. P. Williams, Mrs. Cressy, Mrs. Williams, Mrs. Willard, Mrs. Underbill, Mrs. Irvin, Mrs. Dr. Dunlap, Mrs. I. Hall, Mrs. Bradley, managers ; Mrs. Duncan, Mrs. Ferry, Mrs. Paxton, Mrs. Dunn, Mrs. Campbell, Mrs. A. F. Morrison, Mrs. McCarty, Mrs. Myers, Mrs. Brouse, Mrs. Wiseman, visiting committee ; Messrs. N. McCarty, Alfred Harrison, Judge Morrison, William Sheets, Judson R. Osgood, Ovid Butler, A. G. Willard, Henry Ohr, John Wilkins, advisory committee. The Home has been uniformly well managed. Though largely dependent on the contributions of the charitable, the indefatigable zeal of its managers has succeeded in keeping it always in eifective condition. The County Board pays twenty-five cents a day for the board of each inmate, but that is all the public support it gets. The city government gives nothing. During the year ending May, 1883, two hundred and fifty-two children were taken care of at the Home, thirtythree placed in permanent situations, and one hundred and three returned to their relatives or friends. Since last May the demand upon the asylum has been larger than ever, and in January, 1884, there were one hundred and twenty-four children in it at one time, and but three of these over twelve years old.

The average number of the family was one hundred ; sixty wei* attending the public school in the building, under charge of a' competent teacher furnished by the school board ; forty under six years of age have been taught by the kindergarten system, also conducted in the building. There is a good Sunday-school also maintained in the institution. Of the property of the institution, the president, Mrs. Hadley, says, -

"In 1854 two city lots were purchased for the location of the asylum, and a third one donated by James P. Drake. In 1855 the first building was erected, costing twelve hundred dollars. In 1869 the building was enlarged at a cost of three thousand dollars, and at that time could accommodate thirty-five children. The increasing demand for charity towards this class in the growth of our city has been such that the managers have had to secure a larger building to supply better accommodations, and have leased the Christian College building, on College Avenue, for a time, which lease has nearly expired. The managers hope to be able to raise a sufficient sum to build a good substantial house on the old ground belonging to them on North Tennessee Street, one which will answer the future demand for many years to come."

The German Protestant Orphan Asylum was organized on the 11th of August, 1867, with Mr. Frederick X'loms as president. In 1869-70 a lot of six and three-quarter acres was purchased on the south bank of Pleasant Run, on Pleasant Avenue, and a handsome building erected, which constitutes the chief ornament of that recent suburb of the city. The grounds around it are well laid out and finely improved with trees and shrubbery and flowers. The following extract from the report of President Russe shows the condition of the institution :

In 1883 the number of inmates was twenty-eight boys and twenty-six girls. The expense per head per year is eighty-nine dollars, besides donations. After a child is fourteen years of age we bind it out to a responsible party to learn a trade or business.

Value of property, forty-one thousand dollars ; money on interest, twenty-six hundred dollars ; money on hand, two thousand dollars. Directors, A. Henry Russe, president ; Chris. OflF, vice-president ; Henry Rosebrock, recording secretary ; H. W. Hartman, financial secretary ; Henry Rosener, treasurer. Trustees, C. Russe, Fred. Thoms, H. H. Koch, Henry Mankedick, H. Hartman, William Teckenbrock, William Wieland, Ewald Over, Harvey Pauli, Gus. Sommer, Cliris. Wiese. Matron, Libby Weisgerber. ^

Colored Orphan Asylum. - On the southwest corner of Twelfth and Mississippi Streets. The a.ssociation that founded this beneficent charity was completed on the 26th of February, 1870. The building was erected and occupied in 1871. It is a large, substantial brick, with ample grounds about it, and under good direction. A well-ventilated nursery and dormitory have been added to the original building, and Mrs. Trueblood, president, says that a considerable enlargement will be made this (1884) spring, the means having been provided by contributions of generous friends of the orphans. It was opened for the reception of pupils in June, 1871. There are sixtytwo children in it at present, and between six and seven hundred have found a homo there since it was opened. The county board pays twenty-five cents a day for the board of each child, " which provides for the wants of the family, including the matron," Mrs. Anna E. Stratton, nurse, seamstress, cook, and laundry help. There has always been a school and a teacher in the institution, where the children who are old enough are given a fair education. Mrs. Trueblood says, " Many are quick to learn, and they are also taught, out of school hours, to assist in any work that they are able to do. They are also taught in Sunday-school, in which their singing and memorizing of texts are very interesting."

Home for Friendless Women. - This institution is an outgrowth of the war. The soldiers, and floating population living by plunder and chance upon the soldiers, brought a plague of harlots here, and in May, 1862, Mayor Caven called the attention of the Council to the evil, and its effect in filling the jail with such inmates. He recommended the erection of a house of refuge for them, but nothing was done. In July of the year following the late Stoughton A. Fletcher made a proposition to the Council to give seven acres of ground just south of the city, between the BluflF and Three Notch roads, for a Reformatory, if the city would put a suitable house upon it. The donation was accepted, and five thousand dollars appropriated to the house. Plans were adopted, a board of trustees created, and contracts let. Then prices advanced so greatly under the influence of the war that the work was stopped in 1864, after eight thousand dollars had been expended and a fine stone basement built, and never resumed till recently, when it was taken in hand by one of the Catholic Sisterhoods, as related in the account of the Catholic Church and its charities here. Meanwhile, in 1866, a society for the aid and improvement of abandoned women was formed, with boards of trustees and directors, and with the aid liberally extended, and with the co-operation of the Young Men's Christian Association, a house of nine rooms was obtained on North Pennsylvania Street, for the service mainly of female prisoners in the jail. Obvious good was the result, but the location was too public, and steps were taken to obtain a better situation. For this purpose the city and county each gave seven thousand five hundred dollars. A site on North Tennessee Street was found, and with the public appropriations and donations of city lots by James M. Ray, Wm. S. Hubbard, and Calvin Fletcher, and Stillman Witt, of Cleveland, a suitable building was erected by May, 1870. It was dedicated May 21st, the services being conducted by Rev. Drs. Scott, HoUiday, and Day. It was fifty-seven by seventy-five feet, three stories, with forty-nine comfortable rooms, and capable of housing healthfully one hundred inmates. Oq the 23d of September, four months after its dedication, it was nearly destroyed by fire, the loss exceeding the amount of insurance by several thousand dollars. The Home was temporarily removed to 476 North Illinois Street, and the burned building reconstructed in the same style and as substantially as before. The following statement has been kindly furnished for this work by Mrs. Todd, the treasurer:

The Indianapolis Home for Friendless Women was incorporated March 11, 1867. Inmates (adults and children) have averaged from five hundred to six hundred annually. Yearly expenditures from two thousand five hundred to three thousand dollars. Has received no funds from the city for several years. Mr. E. J. Peck left to it five thousand dollars. The income from this is its only permanent source of support. The county commissioners gave last year (1883) three hundred dollars. Its work-fund and the voluntary gifts of its friends supply the remainder. The trustees and managers are members of the various Protestant churches in the city. It is not controlled by any denomination.

Y. M. C. A. - The associations of a religious character which apply themselves to charitable purposes as a part of their scheme of duty, are affiliated with the Young Men's Christian Association, of the origin and early history of which a brief sketch is given in the general history, and in the reference to the courses of lectures maintained in the city. In the other aspect of its services it deserves mention here, for its charitable ministrations have been unintermitting and invaluable. It has given much time and work to the establishment of mission Sunday-schools, and to the maintenance of religious services in waste places of the city where such a visitation was very improbable without such an agency. In 1871 it purchased the Exchange Block, on the east side of North Illinois Street, about half-way to Market from Washington, where had for several years been maintained the most fashionable saloon and gambling hell of the city. It had also been used as a variety theatre. The price was twenty-four thousand dollars. It was mostly paid or secured, the building reconstructed, readingrooms and comfortable meetings provided, and later bath-rooms and gymnastic apparatus were added, and have made it as favorite a resort for healthful and moral purposes now as it used to be for purposes less commendable. Its resources are voluntary contributions wholly.

The Women's Christian Association is an auxiliary of this society, and a German branch co-operates with it, or used to. Prayer-meetings are held every day at 8 a.m., and the reading-rooms are open free every day from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m. A fee of six dollars obtains the use of all the bathing conveniences and others of the gymnasium for a year. The officers of the association are Samuel Merrill, president ; Thomas C. Day, vice-president ; T. H. K. Enos, treasurer ; John Kidd, recording secretary ; Rev. John B. Brandt, general secretary. Mr. Brandt, however, resigned in 1884.

associatioDS that use their means and opportunities for benevolent work without organizing primarily for that purpose, there are a great many societies of workmen and persons connected by interests of one kind or another, like " trades unions," which give help to the needy of their members, but these are too numerous and, iu the main, too evanescent to require notice here ; little more could be said of them than the mention of their names and locations, and that is the work of a directory rather than a history.

Cemeteries. - The City Cemetery. In the general history is given an account, upon the authority of Mr. Nowland's memoirs, of the selection of the first cemetery in Indianapolis, called the " old graveyard" for one generation or more. It consisted of four acres on the east bank of the river, directly east of Governor's Island. The whole of the latter and a good deal of the other have been washed away. In 1834 the " new graveyard," as it was universally called, - it being a sort of fashion of those primitive times not to call things by their right names, thus making " Main" Street of Washington, " diagonal" of avenue, " new graveyard" of Union Cemetery, - was laid out east of the old one selected in 1821, extending from the border of that to Kentucky Avenue. The old one in time was taken altogether by the colored residents. The new one was very carefully platted and amply provided with carriage-ways to every little .square. About. 1850, William Quarles built a private vault there, near the Kentucky Avenue side, and was laid there two years later. Evergreens were profusely planted by lot-owners, and a number of the original forest-trees retained, so that in a few years the cemetery was made a very attractive spot, and the only place approaching a park about the town The owners of the tract - Mr. McCarty, Dr. Coe, Mr. Blake, Mr. Ray, and John G. Brown - made an agreement that all lots remaining unsold after fifty years, and all to which no heirs or assigns of the original purchasers appeared, should become the property of the survivor, who proved to be James M. Ray, who assigned his rights to the First Presbyterian Church. The new or Union Cemetery contained five acres.

of both the old cemeteries into an addition. Messrs. Blake and Ray were associated in this cemetery too. It extended to the Vandalia tracks on the north and to West Street on the east, leaving an open tract of forest, beautifully undulating, between it and the river. This then belonged to a Philadelphia merchant firm, Siter, Price & Co., and was laid ofi' in 1860 into a cemetery called Greenlawn, better planned and more expensively improved in graveled walks and sightly plats than either of its predecessors. It was never used. The southern portion, adjoining the old cemeteries, however, was largely used, or at least that part of it north of the " new graveyard." In 1862 the national government bought a narrow tract along the Vandalia railway for a graveyard for rebel prisoners who died here. Two or three hundred were buried here, but subsequently removed to Crown Hill, and the site is now used by the railroad company for its round-house, wood-house, water-tanks, and blacksmith-shops. These were begun in 1870. There has been much discussion of projects for procuring a cemetery site out of the city instead of these combined old cemeteries now called the City Cemetery, but nothing has come of it yet.

The Hebrew Cemetery was established in 1856 on three acres of ground directly south of the Catholic Female Reformatory, between the Blufi' and Three Notch roads. The larger part of the space is still unfilled, the Jews being rather a healthy people for cemetery service.

The Lutheran Cemetery consists of ten acres purchased by the trustees of St. Paul's German Evangelical Lutheran Church a little south of Pleasant Run, on the east side of the Tiiree Notch road. Its plats are large, its drive-ways well graveled and graded, and it contains some handsome monuments.

The Catholic Cemetery contains eighteen acres, on the plateau of the north blufl' of- Pleasant Run. It has been very handsomely but not uniformly improved. The north half is used mainly by the Irish, the south by the German Catholics. The most striking monument in it, or, indeed, in any cemetery about the city, is the little chapel erected to the memory of the old pastor of St. Mary's (German)

Church, Father Segrist, but there are several verypretty meinorials of the dead in this little necropolis. Crown Hill Cemetery. - This is the chief cemetery of Indianapolis, and grows constantly more conspicuous and more closely associated with the memories and interests of the city. Happily it is in the hands of a superintendent able to do full justice to the opportunities the situation gives him, by applying sound judgment and cultivated taste to its improvement. The hi.story of Crown Hill and its conversion to its present uses is a very short one. It was a farm, partly used as a nursery by Martin Williams, about three miles northwest of the Circle, on the east side of the Michigan road. On it, and forming its northwestern extremity, is the only earthly projection near the city that can be called a hill. It is nearly two hundred feet higher than the level of the river. On the 25th of September, 1863, an association was formed, with James M. Ray as president, Theodore P. Haughey as secretary, and Stoughton A. Fletcher, Jr., as treasurer, with seven directors, to provide a cemetery to take the place (when required) of the old City Cemetery. S. A. Fletcher, Sr., proposed to advance the money to purchase a site, without interest, and a committee selected Crown Hill. The farm, with the hill and some adjacent tracts needed to square the whole plat, contained two hundred and fifty acres and cost fifty-one thousand five hundred dollars. Frederick W. Chislett, of the Pittsburgh Cemetery, was chosen superintendent, and remains so, and is likely to till he dies. The dedication was made the following year, with a speech from ex- United States Senator Albert S. White, of Lafayette. Lots were rapidly bought and improvement systematically begun. Nothing was done at hap-hazard, but all, however scattered, as parts of a well-defined plan. It is now as beautiful a cemetery as there is in the world, excepting none of the celebrated mortuary achievements of the East, - Mount Auburn, Laurel Hill, or Greenwood. This, of course, is mainly due to the superintendent, who determined at the outset to have none of the rectangular lots and railings that so disfigure some otherwise beautiful cemeteries. There are no fences nor railings, no formal squares, but winding drives and foot-walks mark the boundaries of burialplats, and roads follow the natural undulations of the surface. The forest-trees are left in their native beauty or trimmed only where disfigured, and in places where the farm was cleared for cultivation flowering trees and evergreens and flower-beds and borders are set, making by far the most attractive and tasteful resort about the city, and a resort that no impudence or vicious temerity can abuse, for the superintendent and his men live on the ground and keep watch upon it day and night.

In the first four years after the organization of the Cemetery Association was completed and the sale of lots commenced, the total amount of sales was $172,060.70. In the past five years only 854,298.17 of lots were sold in Greenwood, and in the first twelve years only $128,892.49 in Spring Grove. The proceeds of lot-sales are to be applied to the improvement of the grounds. No profits are made and no dividends declared, nor can there ever be. Every purchaser of a lot is a stockholder as fully as every other one, and he has his right to a voice in what is done, but his benefits, outside of his burial rights, end there. The second article of incorporation says, -

" The distinct and irrevocable principle on which this association is founded and to remain forever (except as hereinafter allowed) is that the entire fund arising from the sale of burial-lots and the proceeds of any investment of said funds shall be and they are specifically dedicated to the purchase and improvement of the grounds for the cemetery, and keeping them durably and permanently inclosed and in perpetual repair through all future time, including all incidental expenses for approach to the cemetery and the proper management of the same, and that no part of such funds shall, as dividends, profits, or in any manner whatever, inure to the corporators." The exception to the permanence of this provision is thus defined in the thirteenth article : that " after twentyfive years shall have expired from the organization of this corporation, by a vote of twenty-five of the corporators living in the county of Marion, Ind., and after a fund has accumulated which will amply and permanently provide for the preservation, sustaining, and ornamenting the cemetery, such alteration may be made at any annual meeting in the principles and limitations of these articles as that out of the surplus funds of this cemetery or association contributions and appropriations may be made by the managers in aid of the poor of Indianapolis."

A burial-vault was early erected on one of the main lines of road, and near it on the south and east is the National Cemetery, where the dead of the Union army who died here, or whose bodies have been brought liere, are buried. Here lies the body of Governor Morton among the men in whose service he sacrificed his health and strength, as they sacrificed their own in the service of the country. On the east of this section a chapel of Gothic architecture, striking and handsome, with burial-vaults attached, was built a few years ago at a cost of thirty thousand dollars. Illinois Street, running out into the Westfield pike, passes the eastern side of the cemetery, where a gate opens into a long and, in summer, delightfully shady drive over to the improved portion of the grounds on the west. A road opened within a year or two extends Tennessee Street to the south side of the cemetery. The last is now chiefly used.