Marshall County, Indiana - Chapter 5: By A. C. Matchette, >r. D, 1890 (part 1 of 2)

BOURBON, IND. - EARLY SETTLEMENT - THE PIONEER OWNERS - ^ORGANIZATION OF TOWN AND TOWNSHIP - PROGRESS AND GROWTH - CHURCHES AND MINISTERS - RAILROADS, MANUFACTORIES AND BUSINESS HOUSES - SECRET SOCIETIES - LAWYERS AND PHYSICIANS - SCHOOLS AND EDUCATORS - FAIR AND FIRE DEPARTMENT - NEWSPAPERS, MILITIA AND MUSICIANS.

ARLY in the year 1839 Mr. and Mrs. John Greer, Mr. and Mrs. James O. Parks, Edward and Tolliver Parks, John F". and Grayson, five brothers and their brother-inlaw, Mr. Linn, and his wife, removed from Bourbon count3% Ky., to what is now Bourbon, Bourbon township, and purchased the first government lands ever sold in this part of Marshall count3\ Mr. Greer located the quarter section and built him a cabin where now Bourbon high school buildings are located. James O. Parks bought the land, now the farm of Mr. and Mrs. H. D. Weaver, son-in-law and daughter of J. O. Parks, one-fourth mile north of Bourbon. The Linn family settled the land now owned by James Sherwood. John F. Parks located the farm two miles east of town, where now John Disher is living and farming. The others located lands convenient to the new settlement, as the entire region was a wilderness, populated with the Indians and all the wild animals of this region roaming about very little restricted by white man up to this period. The woods were so dense that whenever one of the settlers attempted to go from one part of the region to another, it was absolutely necessary to carry along an axe to chop out a path, or "blaze" his route on the trees to permit him to pass through the impenetrable thickets or to make sure of his finding his way to his cabin home again. The land was as fine as the sun ever shone on, soil deep, black, vegetable loam, to delight the eye of the would-be farmer; but, oh, how discouraging, when contemplating the clearing of the lands for farming purposes, when the hundreds of giant trees to each acre were seen that it would be necessary to dispose of before the sun shine could be allowed to light up the ground destined for the purpose of raising bread for the settler's family. Yet the brave heart was not discouraged, but willing hands commenced the task that has now given Bourbon township some of the most magnificent of farms, thoroughbred, blooded stock, farm buildings and machinery, the state can boast of possessing. Game in abundance was to be had at any moment almost for the shooting; of-times by the settler standing in his own door he could kill a fine deer or fat turkey, and squirrels ran about everywhere almost by the millions. Wild chickens, ducks and geese, could be had at almost a moment's notice, and fish of the finest possible varieties abounded in every creek, so the settler had no difficulty to procure meats, but the trouble was in procuring " bread stuff." The settlers were compelled for a long time to go to mill long, long distances, even so far as to Goshen, and even then were unable, for a long time, to go in a cart or a wagon, but on horseback, because the roads had not yet been "cut out," and only paths or foot tracks were made sufificient for a man or a horse, and that in single file.

For this reason many did with little or no bread for quite a number of years after the first settlement of Bourbon township. Bear skins and all furs and peltries were full "legal tender" with our pioneers. All mail matter for the settlers had to be had from the Plymouth or Warsaw offices, until after about a year's time, a postoffice was established near the settlement. The office was located at Dr. J. F. Parks' "clearing," and the doctor was appointed first postmaster for what is now Bourbon.

In platting the county in townships, some considerable time after our first settlements, a township was laid out extending from the north part of the county six miles wide, across the county to the southern border, and this township was christened Bourbon township, by J. O. Parks, in honor of his native county in Kentucky. After several years a township was cut off Bourbon, on the south, and called Tippecanoe township. In a year afterward another township was cut off on the north of Bourbon and named German, thus leaving Bourbon township something like six miles square.

Now roads were laid out and a little work done on some of them toward Plymouth and Warsaw, so that in dry weather it was barely possible for an ox cart to pass over. This gave our settlers an outlet to "God's country," and they began to consider themselves quite independent when they could go a little distance away from the settlement in a cart as proudly as a prince " in his chariot and six." Now other settlers found this land so desirable for a home seeker who feared not hard work and privations and began to settle about the first comers, who received all with welcoming hands. Aaron Martin, Mr. Kincaid, the Miners, the Hahn family, the Minards, James Barton and family, Samuel Pershing and family, Capt. Hederick's family, Alvah Baylor, Sr., Henry Huffman and others. Now an occasional itinerant

A school was opened the first year with Edward Parks as teacher of five or six scholars, in a little log cabin with puncheon floor, slabs for benches and desks, and a huge old fire-place, with an outside stick and mud chimney belching forth its black clouds of smoke inside as well as outside this educational temple. After this school finished, Edward and John F. studied medicine, and then the settlers had the benefit of a physician, although the community was an extraordinarily healthy one. Dr. Edward P. died about a score of j'ears ago at the residence of his brother James O. Dr. John F. then commenced and continued the practice of his profession until within a few years since, when he retired from active practice on account of declining health. He is now living independently on his beautiful suburban place, south of Bourbon. James O. Parks was elected to the state legislature and served with honor for several terms. He also served as surveyor for several years, and did much to locate the lands in this part of the county. He secured a vast quantity of the very best lands in the township, that by holding until within a short time, has made him very wealthy. He built the first frame house erected in the township in 184S, for a residence, and has resided in it from that time to the present. He has seen the township progress from a howling wilderness to one of the most beautiful, wealthy, farming and residence townships in the Union.

In 1840 the immigrating settlers removed from distant states to the Parks settlement almost constantly: the Cats, Baxters, Wolfs, INIoonej's. Sellers, Stockmans, Snyders, Drakes, Carls, Shivelys and others, and in a year or two later we find the Johnsons, Kinzies, Klingers, Caldwells, Coons, Biggs, Miners, Rettingers, follow-ed a little later by the Minards, Updykes, IDavis', Becks, Cless', Beamans, Garrisons, Baits, Hellers, Gallentines, Burkeys, Wymans, Hahns and Smiths. Within four or five years or so longer, came Schraders, Stoughs, Ackers, Sharps, Cases, Roses, Banks, Millers, Helpmans, Snepps, Thayers, Thomas', Reeds, Seers, Bennetts, Sumners, Bowmans, Lemlers, Grants, Connors, Fauts, Stinemans, Campbells, Lints, Hales, Beals, Stockmans, Houghtons, Boultons, Comptons, Nichols and Hess families, and the new settlement had now quite the appearance of a farm region, and prosperity and plenty appeared round about. Later, and up to about 1S4S, manj^ of the settlers began to have quite a little produce to sell, but as the roads were so bad as to be almost impassable, it was almost worth the price of the crop to market it; it often being necessary to haul to Michigan City or Fort Wayne for a market. The Indians remaining in this region were removed to the west, all but a few who refused to go from their old "hunting grounds." One in particular.

" Niago " by name, defied the government officials when sent to remove him, and remained with his squaws. " Niago " killed an Indian who pursued a squaw to his wigwam, and was banished to Michigan by a council of Indians, and sentenced to hunt five years for his crime.

From this time forward everything assumed a prosperous condition, and the population of the settlement appeared as happy and contented as any people. Schools were organized in newly constituted districts, although long distances were necessary to be traversed to reach some of the schools, educational affairs could not be and were not neglected, and creditable advancement was made in these schools, that perhaps would compare favorably with that of our city high schools. Possibly the practical education received in these schools was more advantageous to the average student, than the superficial of a modern school course of to-day, for practical business life. The log cabins were now replaced by a different class of buildings, and frame cottages and more pretentious houses were erected here and there all over the township. Good substantial barns were built to store the harvests, and the wonderful " traveling threshers " began to put in an occasional appearance after harvest.

The city of Bourbon was laid out as a village in the southern part of the township, in 1851, by Nideg & Thomas, Martin & Carter, Boley, Dr. J. F. Parks, Bailey, and Rev. George H. Thayer. The first lots sold were by auction, a great auctioneer, Henry Baxter, happening along the day of the sale, stopped over and cried the sale. The first building erected in the town was a log store room on the corner, where Dr. Matchette's drug store building now stands. It was ercted by William E. Thompson, and afterward owned by Dr. R. Cornwall, who conducted an extensive drug business in it for over a dozen years. John Cless and D. O. Beaman built a frame store building and occupied it with general stores about that time, where the Central House now stands, and it remained there in connection with Grant & Co.'s stores until Heller & Gallantine removed it and erected what, in 1865, was thought to be a magnificent building. Within a dozen years, however, it had become so antiquated it had to be removed further from the business center and an elegant brick block erected on its old site. Bourbon was incorporated in the fall of 1865^ J. H. Porter, president of the town board; Omar Davis, secretary, and Caleb Davis, marshal. This was a year of great prosperity for Bourbon, money being plenty, work for every one, at from $1.75 to $2.25 per day for day laborers, and $4.50 to $5.50 for mechanics, and even at these big prices, it was ditftcult to secure workmen, as miprovements were going forward everywhere and workmen were of consequence perfectly mdependent and did not have to almost beg work at any price, how- ever low, as they frequently are compelled to do to-day. Over 150 new houses were erected that year, in Bourbon, and from two to five families were often crowded in the houses, as fast as enclosed. The trustee, J. H. Case, erected the then new school building in the south part of the town, very large then, but very small to-day, accommodating about 450. Davis Brothers, in 1867, erected a fine large brick business block on Main street, where now L. Ballow's block stands, that was recently erected by Col. Sear after the Davis Bros.' block was destroyed by fire. Omar Davis, in 1865-6, erected the large brick block on the southeast corner of Main and Center streets, where stood the first hotel in the town, so long conducted by Henry Baxter. This brick block is now occupied by Babcock & Sons, E. J. Kline and John E. Chamberlain. The old Cunningham & Weaver drug building is now a " tonsorial parlor" of Mr. McCuen. The old Gallantine & Heller store rooms, is the Ringenberger Bros.' livery stable. That old land mark, the old Sheets hotel, still houses the traveling public, with Capt. J. E. Page as mine host. Hon. M. M. Gallantine, at this time, 1868, was elected to the legislature and "did old Bourbon proud" as representative, as did Hon J. W. Davis in same place in 1876. To-day the Central house is presided over by Col. S. E. O'Brien, and a more popular landlord never smiled on the jolly traveling man. To-day the population of old Bourbon township is close on to 4,000, and not a finer or more prosperous township can be found than this, that the mere mention of its name is so suggestive.

Churches. - In churches Bourbon has something that she can point to with great pride, both as to number of societies and the beauty of the church edifices, since all the original log ones are gone. The first church organized in the township was the Baptist, and a building was erected for a " free church " one mile west of the present city of Bourbon, on the southeast corner of what is now Matthew Irwin's farm, then belonging to Alvah Baylor, Sr. It was a log structure, but at that early day, 1830, it was considered a most beautiful and imposing edifice. It remained for near forty years and was used thousands of times for church, school, and singing classes. The next church to be organized was the Methodist, which was within a year or so afterward. A church building was erected in the center of wliat is now the city of Bourbon, and there remained until the past half dozen years, when it was removed and converted into a barn by Mr. George Keller, and a beautiful brick edifice erected on the old site, truly a credit to almost any city in this or any other state.

The United Brethren was the next church organized about the time of that of the Methodist Episcopal church, and has a very large number of communicants. Their first church building was burned in 1864, but has been rebuilt and now this church has a large and substantial brick building on a prominent corner on Main street. The church rules that were so intolerant of secret societies, having of late been repealed by almost a unanimous vote of the grand conference, has resulted in a small secession from the church, and the establishment of the seceders socalled Radical church. A Sabbath school of several hundred is the boast of this church, and was established over forty years ago; also prayer-meetings for near fifty years.

The Presbyterians have a large congregation, and a beautiful brick church edifice, free from debt and growing in influence. Their Sabbath school is the pride of the community, although not so old as others, is as influential and prosperous and may be popular, because of the instrumental and vocal music dispensed at this church, that is truly unsurpassed by that of the most favored churches of the largest metropolitan cities of the Union.

The Catholic church was organized at an early day, but until 1879 had no house of worship. Now a tasty church building stands in the southern part of town, near the old public school building. This congregation is not so large as some of the others, but for earnestness, zeal or piety cannot be surpassed by any other church.

The Disciples organized a society about a score of years ago; have a goodly number of communicants, but as yet have no church building of their own, although they have purchased a beautiful lot on Main street for their church.

Seventh Da}^ Adventists are not very numerous at present, not having been organized but a few years, but are gradually increasing in number and influence. Their services are usually held on Saturday.

The Methodists have a second church at Foster chapel, and have a fine number of communicants with a large and handsome church building. This church's Sabbath school is in a most encouraging condition as regards numbers and finance. Sand Ridge cemetery adjoins this chapel.

The Second United Brethren church is on sand ridge, and is a handsome building recently erected. A goodly number of communicants are connected with this church with encouraging additions to the membership constantly. The Sabbath school of this church is large and appears to be accomplishing a work that shall be felt for time and eternity.

The Albright Methodist church is a large congregation of earnest, faithful Christian workers, and has been in existence about a score of years. Their church building is commodious and stands on a beautiful spot. Sabbath schools here are largely attended and the instruction thorough.

country, large in numbers, devout and carry their religious teachings into every day life and business to a degree unexcelled by any other denomination. Their Sabbath schools, when regularly held, are well attended, and are models of practical religious schools, as are all of the Sabbath schools of the churches of Bourbon.

German Baptists, or Tunkers, is a church that any community may well feel a pride in having in their midst. This church has existed in this section ever since in the early forties, and has a large number of conscientious communicants who endeavor to live a life that shall exemplify true Christianity in every daily transaction. Their church building, erected in 1868, is large and conveniently arranged for preaching, Sunday-schools and their church feasts, etc. It adjoins the White School cemetery.

The White School-House church, near to the last named church, is the Baptist denominational, and has a large and growing society, although it has not been organized but comparatively a few years, its members are widely scattered over several townships, but are most regular in attendance on all church services despite the distances to travel.

The Salvation army have a very recent organization in Bourbon, and appear to be mustering in recruits at quite a lively rate, until they have a large company in the awkward squad when out on daily drill.

Societies. - The work of the different temperance associations of Bourbon has been herculean, and the beneficial influences will be sure to be felt for many generations. The ladies' temperance crusade of 1873 was continued for several months, siege of the saloons, day and night, until one saloon capitulated and surrendered at discretion. The liquor traffic at the present time is conducted in quite an orderly and respectable manner, according to law.

Bourbon's Chautauqua Circle is one of the literary associations of the city that is of great interest to its patrons, and is very rapidly adding to its number and influence.

Epworth League is under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal church, and is thought to be the grandest of all the church associations. This is a strong organization in Bourbon - the Ciceronians, an old school society.

The Christian Endeavor is under the patronage of the Presbyterians, and it is certainly an organization that is of vast influence for good to the community of Bourbon and vicinity.

Scarf Societies. - The Odd Fellows organized in Bourbon in 1858, and have a membership of over 200, and are in a most flourishing condition, financially, having a nice sum in bank and own a most substantial business block on a prominent corner, with a large

The Masonic lodge was organized in 1865, and for a longtime thereafter was conceded to be among the brightest working lodges of the state. The lodge hall was burned in 1877, which badly crippled the organization here for quite a number of years, but it has now entirely recovered from this misfortune.

A chapter of Eastern Star has a most creditable organization, with a constantly increasing membership. This lodge occupies the Masonic hall, which is a large and most beautiful one.

In 186S the Improved Order of Red Men organized a Pottawatamie tribe in Bourbon, and now has over 100 active members, and the good it has accomplished in charitable works is only known to its committee, as perfect secrecy is ever a characteristic of its charitable works. Several of the officers of the grand lodge of the state are members of Bourbon lodge.

A Pocahontas tribe is a most creditable order that has been flourishing in Bourbon for the past few years, and is rapidly increasing in number of its membership, and doing a world of good - works of charity. This lodge has several members that are officers of the Grand lodge of Indiana.

A lodge of Ancient Order of United Workmen was organized in Bourbon, in 1S79, and soon had a good large membership from the best of the community. Its insurance feature is one proving quite attractive. Also Knights of Labor.

A post of the Grand Army of the Republic was mustered into service in 1885, from among the veterans, and soon had over fifty members, and has done much toward assisting comrades in securing their rights in pension matters and alleviating suffering everywhere.

A K. P. lodge was organized in Bourbon in 1889, with about thirty members, and since has added largely to that number. This lodge bids fair to be one of the most beneficial of the secret orders in the city.

The S. I B.'s are doing a good work of love and charity, and are no doubt more attractive, and their unwritten work and secrets of their sanctum sanctorum, past the finding out of the average fellow outside.

The Martha Washington society is one of the Methodist church organizations that has a large membership. Within the past few years it has raised nearly $2,000 to aid in paying off the church's indebtedness. This church has a very flourishing Sabbath school.

On a beautiful spot near the southwest suburb of Bourbon the Odd Fellows have a few acres of high rolling ground platted as a " God's Acre." It is being beautified year by year, and year by year the little mounds grow apace, evidencing the fact that all are mortal, and in good time will be solemnly, sadly consigned to a silent bed to sleep the dreamless sleep that knows no waking until the last trump shall call to resurrection and perchance an immortality. The " Gentshorn cemetery,'' and " Parks' cemetery," and " Bailor's cemetery," were the first laid out in the township. The " Red Men" are contemplating the purchase of a beautiful spot of ground in an opposite direction from the city for cemetery purposes, to be conducted under the auspices of this order. Should this be done, it is the intention of erecting on one corner of the grounds, so selected, a commodious church, to be a free church, and not to be controlled by any denomination, but be the property of the Red Men, open to all churches alike at any and all occasions. This manifests a spirit of liberalit}' seldom seen.

Schools. - There are sixteen district schools in the township, and one graded or high school. All the school buildings are good and substantial, manj- of them handsome brick structures, well arranged and supplied with the best of modern school furniture and apparatus for instruction. The number of months of school equals that of any other county in the state, and the teachers will favorably compare with those of any locality. About 1,000 pupils are in attendance in the different schools, and the progress is most satisfactory indeed. The graduates of the Bourbon schools are a credit in an educational point of view, to the best of the high schools of the state. The "Teacher's Institute " of the township is one of the institutions of Marshall count}^ and our township trustees are justly entitled to the honor of so perfecting the institutes as to reflect the greatest possible credit on our township, rendering it the educational peer of any township in the great state of Indiana.

A bright gala.xy is that of the teachers of Bourbon, such as few communities can boast of having in their midst. Prof. McAlpine, superintendent of city high schools, with his corps of assistant teachers: Miss Mercie Kehler, Prof. VanVactor, Miss McKinney, Miss Mirtie Davis. Also, Miss Biggs, Miss Groves. Miss Berlin, Miss Butler, Miss Edie Keller, Miss Minard, Miss Porter; Profs. Austin, Dillingham, Reed, Belts, Shaddinger, Mortin, Red, Steckman, Duckett, Miss Lj'nch, and Profs. Strinebach. Hale, Miss Perkins, Prof. Bailey. The county superintendent of public schools is an old Bourbon teacher, and he has accomplished a wonderful work in elevating the standard of the profession in our county. A number of Bourbons have been elected to county office: John K. Houghton, county recorder; Daniel McDonald, clerk of the court; H. Barnaby and William Garrison, county commissioners; Fred Fisher and J. K. Lawrence, county treasurers.

The fine new brick school buildings of Bourbon erected in 1885, are equal to any school building of the size in the state. They are located in the beautiful old college campus, recently owned by the Tunkard church, and whose college buildings were there destroyed by fire a few years ago. The old United Brethren college was also located there. The present buildings are of modern style of architecture, beautifully finished inside and out, regardless of expense, and arranged inside most admirably to secure perfect convenience for the purposes of instruction, and to secure comfort, ventilation, light, heat and perfect sanitation as a pre-requisite.

The grounds are high and beautifully slope from the building toward the three streets which surround the propert}^ securing perfect drainage. The campus is tagtefully set out in forest and ornamental trees and shrubbery, rendering the grounds one of the most lovely spots imaginable for the location of such handsome structures as are the Bourbon high school buildings of to--':' day. The old school building still stands solidly. ^^ iVcwspapcrs. - The Bourbon Independent was established in 1865 by J. F. Beck, a weekly paper, eight column folio, independent in politics, with a leaning toward republicanism. Mr. Beck died in Kansas lately. In 1S71 the Bourbon Mirror was started by that veteran editor, Col. I. Mattingly, who is conceded to be the most experienced and able editor in the state, having edited a weekly in the campaign of 1S40, at Corydon, in this state, supporting "old Tippecanoe Harrison" for president. He has been in the editorial chair ever since, even to-day wielding the quill with that vigor that few younger men dare hope for ability to accomplish. The Bourbon Review, a weekly paper, advocating the doctrine of greenbackism, was commenced by Dr. Wait in 1879. The BoinZon Demoerat was established in 1882 by Col. W. VV. Miekels, soon being succeeded by Mr. Peter Hahn; a democratic paper as its name would indicate. The Bourbon Bit-

Boys ill Blue. - It is a fact that during the late civil war Bourbon township sent more loyal recruits to the army than any other township in the state in proportion to population. No draft was ever necessary, but on the contrary Bourbon furnished quite a ^rge number of soldiers, and above quota required, on every call.

Militia. - Bourbon has had only one company of militia, that was organized in 1876. The company was as finely appearing as any similar body of men in the Union, and in the manual of arms, were quite up to the requirements. Arms were supplied them from the state armory. The boys seemed to pride themselves on the perfection of their drill, and the citizens of the city, generally, were proud of their gallant militia. The younger class of men are now agitating the propriety of organizing a second company of militia for Bourbon, and it is expected that within a very brief period that the determination will be consummated. Bourbon, no doubt, has sufficient material from which to organize two or three other companies, should the spirit but move them in that laudable direction.

Fire Department. - The fire department of Bourbon, organized in 1873, is the most efficient imaginable; the fire laddies are prompt to respond to the call to battle on any and all occasions wheneverit is possible for any force to combat a fire successfully, our fire boys have always been remarkably successful in arresting every fire that has ever visited the city, without much loss, comparatively. But few large fires have visited Bourbon. In 1863 the Heller «& Gallentine flour mills and the Odd P""ellows' building were destroyed. The church and the public school buildings in 1864, the Davis mills in 1865, the west side of Main street, almost an entire business block, in 1871, the Sear block in 1873, the old college building in 1884, the east side of Main street, including the Ledas block, the Matchette block, Brillhart, Bendell & Pickett block in 18S5, are the principal buildings destroyed, with the Pittsburg depot in same year. Bourbon has a right to feel a just pride in the brave fire department she possesses. In parade or in tournament, the boys are equally as creditable, usually taking all "sweep-stakes" prizes.

Bourbon can boast of a large number of fine musicians, both vocal and instrumental. In fact some that could be well classed as almost " natural musicians." The church choirs are noted for the artistic music that is always rendered on church occasions. This has been characteristic of Bourbon churches for many years past. Bourbon bands have for over a score of years, had the credit of being most proficient in all the artistic music of the period, and their services are always in demand when concert music is in request on special occasions. In many band tournaments at different points, Bourbon bands have carried away the prizes offered. Among the old, old standbys of the Bourbon bands may be mentioned Mr. Henry Steinbaugh, Mr. George Hupp, Mr. S. E. O'Brien, Harry Wilkins, Peter C. Knisely, William Steinbaugh and his brother Harry are quite musical geniuses. In 1S7S, Prof. F. M. Hammond opened a " musical conservatory " in Bourbon, and very soon was patronized by as many students as the establishment could give perfect attention to.

Ministers. - Rev. H. A. Snapp is the oldest minister for long and continuous service, who is a Bourbon. He has resided here over thirty years, and has held many important positions in church work, the greater part of the time being presiding elder for the United Brethren church, but retaining his home at Bourbon. He has just been appointed postmaster at his old home, vice George Stockman, an old soldier laddie. Dr. J. F. Parks is a local preacher in the Methodist Episcopal church, for forty years. Rev. Dr. Elliot is pastor of the Presbyterian church, the second time he has been in charge. Rev. Cain is the Methodist Episcopal pastor, a young minister but very eloquent, and a good worker. The United Brethren church has Rev. Pontius as its pastor. Rev. S. Pershing once preached here. Elders Revs. John Sellers, Darling, Hale and William Myers are ministers in the German Baptist church. Rev. Samuel Smith, the oldest minister in an)' of the Methodist Episcopal conferences, has recently deceased at a very advanced age. but until recently, quite active. Rev. George H. Thayer, a local minister of the Methodist Episcopal church, for long years resided in Bourbon, occasionally delivering a most eloquent sermon, as he felt like it or the opportunity offered. But few were so gifted as is this minister. Rev. Timmons, a minister of the Methodists, whilst a resident of Bourbon a score of years since, fell dead on the street one day whilst in apparent health. Bishop Castle is a Bourbon. Revs. Hill, Stewart, Robinson, Wayman, Cone, Wade, McElwee, Parrett, Bradshaw, Johnson, Farmer, Hyughs, Fodge and Thomas are some of the old ministers, all remember. Rev. N. B. Surface has been in the ministry for over thirty years, and held many positions of honor in his church in this and other places. Rev. Dr. Curran, a minister of the Presbyterian church for over fifty years, preached for churches both east and west, north and south. He was a scholar of rare attainments, a minister of great eloquence, and from his personal magnetism had secured the esteem and confidence of a large circle wherever he went.

Physicians. - Dr. Johnson commenced practice here some twent}' years ago, returning for a few years to his farm, and only recently retiring to Bourbon and practice. Mrs. Dr. Boulton, a i9~B.

lady physician of over thirty years' experience, has been in the county many years, and enjoys a fine practice over several counties. Dr. Matchette, for over a quarter of a century, has been practicing his profession in Bourbon, locating there after the close of the late war, where he served several years as surgeon, U. S. A., and soon thereafter arranging a partnership with his brother, " the old doctor," or W. C. Matchette, who at that time was in practice in Bourbon. Drs. Short, Peck, M. Eva Peck, Crusan, Bantraive, Bock, (Boman, now deceased), Fritz, Graham, Purhart & Gould, Southall & Miner, Brodie & J. Phineas Parks, are all old practitioners of Bourbon. Dr. Dillnius, a German physician, has been in practice for five or six years and enjoys the confidence of a vast number of the communities of some dozen counties or more. Dr. Edson has been in Bourbon for half a dozen years in practice, except for a few months when he was in the legislature. The list of physicians of Bourbon is quite large, not that it is a sickly place, but on the contrary most healthy and very desirable place to reside, for a doctor as well as every one, so it is not strange they seek it for a very pleasant locality for a permanent home. Dr. John F. Parks is the oldest, but he is not now in active practice as in past years. His old partner. Dr. Manville, died from the effect of a poison taken by mistake sixteen or eighteen years since. Everybody hereabout knew him and lamented his untimely death. Drs. Linn & Spencer as it used to be are both living, Dr. Linn residing in Bourbon for the past forty or fifty years, and Dr. Spencer is practicing at Tippecanoetown, in this county. Dr. S. France for over twenty years has been engaged in active practice, the fort}' odd years of professional life not apparently leaving its marks on him. Dr. R. Cornwall has been in practice in Bourbon for over thirty years, and is yet engaged in practice, but not so actively as in "former years.

Attorneys. - Hon. James O. Parks is the honored veteran of the county bar. His son, S. D. Parks, has been bred to the legal profession, and is a graduate of Ann Arbor law school. Hon. J. W. Davis has practiced for over thirty years, but has now retired. Z. D. Boulton for about a quarter of a century has been in practice. John D. Thomas for over a dozen years has had a good practice. Judge William B. Hess is a Bourbon among Bourbons, as if he were still among his old compeers. Col. W. W. Miekels gives rather more attention to real estate than to law of late years. Jesse D. Chaplin, as a leader of the legal profession, stands biggest of them all.

JMcnIiaiits. - Mr. George P^rash is one of Bourbon's solid merchants, and carries a fine stock of dry goods and notions. He is one of "God's noblemen" in every respect, and has the confidence and well wishes of the community. E. J. Kline is an old grocer, a German, and finds himself perfectly at home among the large German population tributary to Bourbon. Fribley's millinery and notions establishment is one of the best conducted stores of the state. The same can be said of those of Mrs. Lewis and Miss Tillie Williams, who are in the millinery business also. It is claimed that there are over three score and ten widows in Bourbon. C. Snyder, Demoss Brothers and Daniel Walmer are heavy manufacturers in everything in the foot wear line. They are all honorable dealers and enjoj^a large trade, all having been long time residents of Bourbon. Mr. C. M. Parks was born in Bourbon, and has lived there all his life, and is an Ai citizen. He engaged in the drug business years ago on reaching his majority, having succeeded his brothers Bromin and Dr. Brodie. Shakes & Unger have perhaps the heaviest stock of general merchandise carried by any firm in the state not exclusively a wholesale establishment. They succeeded to the firm of Lawrence, Matchette & O'Brien, who had been in trade for a score of years under that and different firm names. McKinney Bros. & Baker have an immense stock of general merchandise, and are conducting a safe and profitable business in the Matz block. This firm succeeded Kingery & Watson, and the latter firm William Sear. Mrs. Murphy is the proprietor of a fine fancy goods and notion store, next door to the last establishment. She is an old resident of Bourbon, and has the confidence of the entire community. Jacob Spite has a saloon in his block, and has been a resident of Bourbon but a few years, and contemplates engaging in farming in the near future. Syl. Beals, ever)' one in northern Indiana knows Syl, as he has so long been a resident of that part of the state, occupying different offices of trust for so many years. He was among the first of Bourbon's postmasters, justice of peace, sheriff, etc. He is at present conducting a saloon in Bourbon, in the Renberger opera block. The Exchange bank of Bourbon is the sole property of J. H. Matchette, who is on deck almost day and night attending to the duties of the establishment in person. For the past twenty-five years he has attended as closely to business affairs as any one possibly could do, and is one of the capitalists of the state, to show for his years of close application to business. A. Brillhart and son Ed. are heavily engaged in the butter, egg and poultry trade, they having succeeded to the business by purchase from B. F. Rosenberg, who had conducted the trade for about a dozen years with marked success financially, and retired with a competency. He, however, can do a full day's work talking politics and religion.

Industrial Rcviciv. - Mr. Charles Spencer is an old resident of Bourbon, and as a tonsorial artist, stands high in his chosen profession, and enjoys a fine patronage. Row Schaefer is a baker and restaurateur that controls a large patronage. His obliging, cheery way of conducting business makes him friends that are sure to remember him in way of trade. Messrs. Rapp & Co. have succeeded the oldest meat market man in the county, Mr. George Kellers, who has long applied himself so industriously to business (and with his son, William, who has been born since his father's trade has been established, and brought up to the business so as to be a second nature to him) , has retired with a competency, as he so well deserved. Matchette & Whitaker, as druggists, are well known to northern Indiana, as for about a quarter of a century has the senior representative of this firm been engaged in general practice of medicine and the drug business. The specialties manufactured by this firm are shipped to almost every state and territory of the Union, and several foreign countries. They contemplate erecting large factories for the preparation of their most popular specialties exclusively. Messrs. Martin & Cooper are successors to Dr. Boman & Son, who so long conducted a successful drug business. This hrm is young, energetic, reliable, and are having a large trade as their merits entitle them to receive.

The Bourbon Elevator company handles all the grain of this section, and controls much that really belongs to other stations. The grain storage capacity is all that could be desired, and in connection with grain shipment, handling lumber and other building material, this company controls the most extensive flouring mills between Fort Wayne and Chicago. Mr. George Ettinger has the superintendency. It is said that the railroad depot at Bourbon does a larger business than any other towns of the size of Bourbon in the state. The agent is and has been for over fifteen years, Mr. P. F. Griffin, a man who can and does do year in and year out, more work in the office than any other two agents on the road. His predecessors for a quarter of a century were Joseph M. Davis, John VV. Houghton, Daniel Mc- Donald, C. C. Humphrey, Matt Lew, William and Robert Erwin, John and Christ. Ringenberger, O. P. H. Smith, John Sworsland, H. Oisette, F. Fasser, David and John Beck, and E. Mendenhall, are extensive buyers and shippers of all kinds of live stock from Bourbon, and from their honorable method of dealing, have secured the confidence of the cattle raisers of the community and buy large lots of stock from far bej'ond their natural territory tributary to Bourbon. The Beck brothers conducted a general store in an early day for several years, afterward retiring to a fine farm.

The first mill erected in Bourbon was one put up by Samuel Thomas and Nidig on the spot where W. J. Acker's mills and manufactories now occupy. J. W. Davis & Bro. operated extensive mills successfully about this time. This was about 1850, but this first mill and several others that were erected on the same place were destroyed by fire. Samuel Carl and Coxen built a large saw-mill just northwest of Bourbon early in the fifties. Daniel Shively about that time built a large saw mill at Panama, which he ran for a time, disposing of itafter a few years to David Klingermann, and he, after making a mint of money with it, to Pritsch & Moneysmith, in 1870, who operated it for half a dozen years or longer, making quite a snug fortune for them both before disposing of it to J. J. Shively, who still owns it. Thomas Lee, in 1864, erected large mills near Panama, making a fortune there, as his industry and honesty surely entitled him to do. Within a very short time after the railroad was completed through Bourbon, over twenty-five saw mills were in operation within marketing distance of Bourbon, and thus rendered it one of the best lumber markets in the state. J. H. Porter, in 1861, erected a large woolen mill and grist mill. The first flouring mills built were owned by Heller & Gallentine, and although small, had the reputation of making better flour than any other mill shipping to the Philadelphia markets. Their mill being destroyed b}' fire in 1863 the proprietors at once erected the " Pearl mills," now owned by the Bourbon Elevator company, which is conceded to be the largest mill between Ft. Wayne and Chicago. John Shively and Blair built the "Star mills" on Center street in 1875, that is now owned by Peter Nagle, who is one of the most experienced and best millers in the state. In 1865 Deamer & Co. put in operation extensive planing mills on Main street, Bourbon, but they soon passed into S. Kavanaugh& Sons' hands, who added extensive furniture factories to the original concern. Thomas Lee, Minard & Company succeeding to the works large business was carried on, and finally an extensive boat-oar and butter-tub factory were added, the products being shipped all over the Union and into foreign countries. Samuel Young and C C. Humphries were interested in the boat-oars and butter tubs. A. F. Johnson finally purchasing the plant, by a boiler explosion the works were destroyed. Barnaby & Arnold erected an extensive lumber-working factory near the railroad depot in 1867, and conducted a large and successful business. W. J. Acker and Jacob Slough operated a similar factory with rare success until Mr. Slough was killed by the cars in 1871, when Mr. Acker succeeded to the business, and conducted it in connection with the saw mill business. Robert George & Sons put into operation a large furniture factory on South Main street, in 1867, and manufactured and shipped the products of their factory to scores of states and territories. They now have retired from manufacturing and are engaged in the retail furniture business in a fine business block of their own in the center of town. Peter Knisely has an extensive factory for the making of axe handles, shipping into many states all over the Union, and into foreign countries, for over twenty years past. J. C. Mc- Crum, his larotlier, C. B., Hupp & Schron, Jolin Paschall, Henry Baugher, and Hines & Co., are all manufacturers of carriages and wagons that are sold all over the country, and have a reputation for honest work that few establishments can boast of. A. Belknap, as well as Adam Mot, conducts an extensive cooperage establishment. The work turned out by these factories finds a ready market at all the extensive packing concerns of the larger cities, as nothing but "the best" is ever allowed to leave these manufactories. Neu & Davis and Babcock & Sons are both hardware dealers and manufacturers of roofing and metallic cornice that is in great demand all over the state. A large trade has been established. Stephenson & Son have but recently located in Bourbon in the hardware trade, but already control a large and growing trade from this and adjoining counties. Joseph Anstice is a large manufacturer of harness, saddlery, etc., and enjoys a large and increasing trade as everything in his line is Ai in every respect. His shipments are large and his retail trade excellent. Isaac Anderson carries on a foundry and machine shop, and his business bids fair to soon outgrow his present facilities for manufacture. By industry and reputation for good work his factory has the control of large orders from distant cities. The Leedy Lumber and Tile factory is a prosperous concern.

Fair Association. - The people of Bourbon township, and more especially the farming community, can well boast of the most creditable township fair in the Union, in fact in its display of agricultural products, fine blooded live stock, it is unexcelled by any of the county and district fairs, and in the exhibition of agricultural machinery, but few expositions can equal it. The large crowds of people in attendance, both from the immediate vicinity and from abroad, at the fairs for the past score or more of years has been simply immense, almost beyond belief. The grounds, immediately in the northern suburb of Bourbon, belonging to the fair company, are most beautifully located, finely improved and most admirably adapted for the purpose of an exposition grounds. This fair has done much both for the farming country and the business men of Bourbon in advertising Bourbon people.

Painters, Artists, etc. - Frank Caul, everybody knows Frank, the " champion painter," who for the past one-third of a century has been a familiar landmark of Bourbon, as his father was before him. Frank is on deck always when fishing is on, or John Baxter or John Wolford, or the Zeblays have a fishing excursion to talk of. Everybody knows all these, and that Frank can't abide a dog-fish, or anything but "correct bait" for fishing. Johnny Johnson, Elmer Wilt, Mont. Fitcraft, and Capt. Ramsey, are all old citizens, and what would Bourbon be like if it had not been for their paint brushes? Echo answers, what! Messrs. Perry Greer and John Paschall, with Mrs. Rose Shirey, are artists, as proven by their worlc both portrait and scenic. But few painters of celebrity can show as beautiful work of the pencil and brush, as do these home artists. Bourbon is proud, as she well can be, of her artists. Mr. J. Henry Iden as a photographic artist, is a most decided success, and his productions will bear comparison with the best work of the city photographers.

Business Blocks. - Ketcham & Borton, and Greer Bros., erected a beautiful brick block on the west side of Main street in 1879, Peter Hahn a handsome building adjoining on the north, and Col. Sear, Jacob Witts, and Adam and George Mettz a large and substantial brick block that extended over the full block to the street on the north. In the rear part of this block is one of the prettiest little opera halls in northern Indiana. On the east side of Main street, S. E. O'Brien has as fine a business block as is in town, in which is the model bakery, established and successfully conducted for years by Mr. Lampson, latterly being associated with Mr. Frank Patterson. Within a few months past Messrs. Mong & Schorn have succeeded to this business. Then the Brillhart & Davis brick block, next south, is a fine substantial block that is a credit to any town. It is occupied by Beldon Bros., as a meat market, and by Mr. Pat. Galvin & Bros., a saloon. An iron clad building has been erected by Thomas Lee on the spot where the Bendle building was destroyed by fire. This is a temporary building, soon to be replaced by a fine large brick block, arranged for mercantile purposes. The iron-clad is now occupied by Jacob Walnier as a saloon. Messrs. Wekster & Hogue are conducting an extensive bakery, restaurant and grocery, and have occupied their present quarters for some years.

Railroads. - T\\(t Pittsburgh, Ft. Wayne & Chicago railway was built through Bourbon township, from east to west, in 1S52-3, and gave this section an outlet for its products, especially timber and lumber, which before that time was so little valued that even the finest timber in the world, such as poplar, walnut, oak, etc., were burned on the ground as worse than valueless. In fact, many farms in clearing were fenced with rails made from the finest walnut ever seen. This timber, if it were on the lands to day, as before this railroad was built, would be ten times more valuable than the farms where it grew are to-day, with all improvements. Surveys for the Michigan, Indiana & St. Louis railroad have recently been made through Bourbon, and already part of the work has been done in the building of it. Surveys have also been completed through Bourbon for the Indiana Pacific railroad, of which road Col. William Sear is president, and also surveys of the New York, Ft. Wayne & Chicago railroad, Col. John Lee, of

Crawfordsville, president, which passes through Bourbon. All these roads are to be constructed at the earliest date practicable. When completed they will render Bourbon a railroad center and a city of importance.

The town of Bourbon is well known all over the country as one of the best business points in the state, carries larger stocks of every line of merchandise; has the liveliest, wide-awake business men of any town in the state. The township has a larger body of perfect farming lands, Is better cultivated, with better Improvements, with more prosperous farmers than the average township In the northwest. Bourbon is proud of the country surrounding it ; proud of the farming community ; proud of the prosperity of the farmers about It; as equal, if not surpassing, those of an}' part of the county. Bourbon township is proud of their town of Bourbon; proud of the fine business establishments, second to none; proud of the business men whom they patronize; proud of public spirit and energy of Bourbon people; proud of the prosperit}' of their town; proud of the town that has aided to make them all more prosperous. Each is proud of the other, and that mutual pride and confidence has much to do with the upbuilding of the town and the community. They see that what is for the benefit of one Is for the benefit of the other; what Is to the injury of town is sure to be the Injury of the country; and what militates against the prosperity of the country injures the town. This is the reason the town and the country are growing together, in wealth, mutuall}' happy that their lot was cast in such a grand old township as is Bourbon, and firmly believe that but few spots In the Union are so favored in all respects as Is old Bourbon; the town and country striving in unison for the welfare of all. Never a failure of crops, no cyclones to blow all their possessions to the four winds; one of the most health)' regions in the Union. Never 3'et a desolating epidemic. The flouring mill visited thousands of times, for one call on the doctors; seasons alwa3's as favorable as the most favored; taxes light, compared with other localities, and fair prices received for all the produce of the farm or the factory. Why should not Bourbons rejoice that they are domiciled and prosperous in glorious old Bourbon.

William J. Acker, lumber dealer of Bourbon, was born in Rensselaer county, N. Y., in 1836. His father, William Acker, was a native of the same state, and a descendant of one of the oldest families of New York. At the age of seventeen, William J. Acker accepted a position as section foreman on the Albany and Boston Railroad, which he retained four years, and then took a tour through the western states, going first to Iowa and Illinois, and finally locating in the city of F"ort Wayne, Ind. After a short . residence there he came to Bourbon, Marshall county, where he soon became interested in the lumber business, which he has followed continuously ever since. On the 15th of August, 1S61, Marcia A., daughter of John Z. Grant, became his wife, a union blessed with the birth of four children, viz.: Frank, Charles, Otis and Grace. Mr. Acker belongs to the Odd Fellows' fraternity, and the Presbyterian church holds his religious creed.

Edwin S. Barber, son of Milo and Miranda (Butler) Barber, was born in Kosciusko county in the year 1851. The father came to Kosciusco county about fifty years ago, and was one of the very early settlers of that part of the state. He is still living in Seward township of that county, being eighty-seven years of age and still hale and hearty. His brother, M. F. Barber, was one of the first settlers of Fort Wayne, in which city he taught school when a young man, and there married Jane Suttenfield, the first white child born in Fort Wayne. He afterward became one of the largest landowners in Bourbon township, having at one time been possessor of 1,100 acres. A number of members of the Barber family are scattered throughout the United States, all of whom are noted for their longevity. Milo and Miranda Barber had a family of nine children, seven boys and two girls, the three oldest of whom were born in New York, in which state the parents were married. At the age of twenty the subject of this mention began business for himself as a fur dealer, having previous to that time worked at various occupations in different parts of the countr}'. He traveled quite extensively throughout the western states and territories, returning from California in the year 1873- In 1877 he was united in marriage to Miss Ann G. Bailey, of Rush county, the daughter of George W. Bailey, who died when Mrs. Barber was nine years old. Mr. Barber moved to his present farm in April, 1877, and has resided upon the same ever since. Besides making many valuable improvements, Mr. Barber purchased land adjacent to his original farm and is now the owner of 136 acres. His improvements are all first-class and his residence, which was built in 1SS8, is one of the best structures of its kind in the township. His large barn was built in 1889 to replace the one destroyed by fire the previous year, the loss of which amounted to $2,000. Mr. Barber is a republican, but has never been actively engaged in politics beyond using honorable means for his party's success. Maud R., Grafton E., Perry O., Elsie A., Harrison R., and an infant not named are the children born to Mr. and Mrs. Barber. The church affiliation of the family is with the United Brethren, with which they have been identified for seven years.

Isaac E. Bell, although not an old resident of Marshall county, has passed so many years of his life in the adjoining county of Kosciusko, that his extensive acquaintance in Marshall fairly entitles him to recognition in this work. Mr. Bell was born in Knox county, Ohio, 1844. His father, Benjamin Bell, born in 181 2, was for many years a minister of the Disciples church, but like nearl}? all the preachers of his time he owned a farm and tilled the soil for a living, his service as a minister being gratuitous as the natural debt due the Master. His farm lay in Knox county, Ohio, in which part of the state his family of twelve children were raised. The mother of our subject whose maiden name was Mary Moore, was a native of New Jersey. While little is known of dates in regard to the Moore family, it is as a matter of family tradition that they were among the earliest settlers of New England. Mrs. Bell died in 1S60. and Mr. Bell was called to his reward in 1874. Of their family five are now living: James M. is a farmer in Knox county, Ohio; Susan is the wife of Lewis Eley, a well-known farmer and mill operator at Bloomburg, Ind.; Charles H., is a prominent business man of Geneva, this state, and Samuel E. is a resident of Coshocton county, Ohio. Isaac E. Bell was raised a farmer. His early education was limited to the district schools, but his father being educated to a degree beyond the average farmer of his day impressed the value of intellectual culture upon his family so that they are all inclined to look upon education as one of the necessities of life. Mr. Bell acquired land in Kosciusko county, near the Marshall line, sometime in the sixties, and for over twenty years has been closely identified with the agricultural interests of the latter cou.ity. In 18S9 he moved to Bourbon and engaged in the livery business in partnership with S. E. O'Brien, whose interest he subsequently purchased and is now the sole proprietor. Mr. Bell possesses fine business qualifications and is considered a good man for the town. He finds time to devote to social interests, being an active member of the Masonic fraternity, which order he joined in 1867. While not an aggressive politician Mr. Bell has in a quiet way wielded considerable influence in behalf of the democratic part}^ He was married in 1870 to Harriet E. Sarber, daughter of Christian Sarber. They have seven children living, viz.: Mary L., William O., Susan B., Maggie M., Clyde C, Grover E. and Vaughn.

Ervin Dillenius, M. D., a prominent and skilful physician of Bourbon, was born in Stuttgart, Germany, in 1854. His father, Charles Dillenius, was a native of Germany, in which country he held many distinguished positions, being somewhat like. unto our secretary of interior, having the directorship of public improvements and works. He was a mason of high rank, and recently died. Dr. Dillenius, at an early age, was placed in school, and after gaining a high school education in his native city, he completed a liberal scholastic education in college and then entered the universit}' Theibig and Heidelburg, graduating in medicines in 1876. In 1S70-71, he left the class room and quitted his studies to become a volunteer from his native country in the Franco- Prussian war, and acted as surgeon. He received a wound at the renowned battle of Sedan, and in honor of hisgallant service in this war, he carries a medal of honor presented to him. After he graduated in medicines in 1878-79, the doctor, for two years practiced in the hospital of Vienna, and here gained much experience to fit him for his chosen profession. In iSSo, he emigrated to America, and for a year each, practiced first in New York city and then in Baltimore. He then made an extended trip through the " Great West," and practiced for a while in Washington territory, but in 1884, he came from the west to Indiana and located at Plymouth, where he practiced for about one year, when he located at Bourbon, where he has continued an active and successful practice. He is familiarly known as and called the " Old German Doctor," and enjoys the esteem and confidence of a wide acquaintance. He is a member of the American Medical association, and ranks among the ablest physicians of the county. He is an honored member of the Masonic fraternity, and has been for many years a member of the I. O. O. F., and is also a member of the Improved Order of Red Men. The doctor is a congenial spirit and of quick perception and quick decision, and a liberal and good natured soul.

Dr. J. W. Eidson, a practicing physician of Bourbon, was born in Fulton county, Ind., in 1854, the son of B. A. and Sarah (Decker) Eidson. Paternally the doctor is descended from German ancestry, and on the mother's side from an old Kentuck}' family. The doctor's early life was spent on a farm, and after obtaining a good education in the common schools and the normal college of Valparaiso he engaged in teaching, which he followed for eight years in the counties of Fulton and Kosciusko. In the meantime he began the study of medicine, and after completing a professional course in the medical college in Indianapolis, which he entered in i88i,and from which he graduated in 1884, began the practice of the same in Bourbon. Since locating here, he has met with gratifying success and is classed with the rising physicians of Marshall county. The doctor has been active in politics, and in 1888 was elected on the democratic ticket as representative from Marshall county in the state legislature. He discharged the duties of that honorable position with credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents, and proved himself to be a well qualified member of that body. The doctor was married in 1878, to Minerva Ball, of Fulton county, the daughter of P. Ball.

Francis Marion Elliot, whose life is here briefl}' sketched, is eldest of a family of nine children. Alexander W., his father, emigrated with his parents, Jesse and Rachel Elliot, from North Carolina to Preble county, Ohio, when he was about ten years old. Alexander W. was brought up on the farm, and at an early age had to provide for himself. August 17, 1S37, he was married to Rebecca Parker, who was born and reared in Preble county, Ohio. In the fall of 184S the father with his young family, emigrated to Fulton county, Ind., and settled on a piece of government land, which he had entered several 3'ears previously. For ten years succeeding this, the time of the lad was divided between assisting his father on the farm in the summer, and going to " district " school in the winter. His desire to attend and take a thorough collegiate course of education, kept him busy planning and building air castles. In these plans and desires, his mother entered with all her sympathetic heart, but the father needing his help on the farm, which was then barely large enough to give subsistence to his large and growing family, did not take kindly to the idea. The spring following the son's nineteenth year, his father announced to him that he had determined to permit the young man to have his liberty the coming fall, on two conditions, viz.: First, that he should work faithfully at home until September ist, and secondly, that he should then go to school, but not ask him for any assistance. The first part of the condition could be easily fulfilled, but how about the second one ? Then, as now, it required means to go to school, " but where there is a will there is a way." To the boy who is determined to win in the race there is alwaj^s a way. A cow and a pig which he had acquired through his father, were sold, and the proceeds applied to the expenses of his first term in the Logansport seminary. That ended, and money gone, a country school was looked up and engaged, and soon the smooth-faced boy was the schoolmaster, in Buck's school-house. Liberty township, Fulton county, Ind. By boarding around, sixty-five days' work rewarded him $60. This was all he saved for the further prosecution of his studies. He entered Hanover college in the sophomore year. A call for volunteers being made by the government, he enlisted as a private in Company G, Eighty-sixth regiment Indiana volunteers of the Union arm}', in August, 1S62. But the exposure being too great for him, he broke down, and was discharged February, 1863, on the ground of disability. This arrested his further studies in college. Early in his academical course, closely following the death of his mother, he had devoted himself to the gospel ministry. Soon after his enlistment in the army, his marriage with Miss Mary J. Fisher, living at Frankfort, Ind., was consummated. Upon returning from the army, he, with his wife, engaged in school work at Clarkshill, Tippecanoe county, Ind., where he remained until August, 1865. Here his oldest son, Harry Labarer, wks born August 7, 1S64. His first great sorrow came to him May 12, 1865, in the death of his beautiful wife. In September of that year, he took charge of the high school at Ross- ville, Ind., where he remained for one year, at the end of which time, having been licensed to preach the gospel, he went to the Western Theological seminary, at Alleghany, Penn., to finish his theological studies. Spending one year there he returned and took charge of the Presbyterian church of Union Mills, Ind., in Maj', 1867. His marriage to Permealia McKee, of Tippecanoe county, Ind., occurred July ti, 1867. His supply of the Union Mills church resulted in a call to its pastorate, accepting this call, he was ordained and installed May, 1868. Receiving a call to the church at Kokomo, Ind., he resigned his first charge and accepted this call; this pastorate not proving satisfactory, he resigned and accepted a call to the First Presbyterian church at Rochester, Ind., in September, 1S71, where he settled and remained until October, 1876. From this field he removed to Pierceton, Ind., and took charge of that church in connection with the Presbyterian church of Bourbon, Ind. This pastorate lasted from September, 1876, till October, 18S2. 'While serving this field the pastor was called to the Presbyterian missionary work of Vincennes presbytery, but the presbytery of Ft. Wayne, under whose jurisdiction he was working, refused to dissolve the pastoral relations, hence he was continued in this field of labor. Subsequently he received and accepted a call to the church at Montague, Mich., entering upon his work, November, 1882. He remained upon this field until November, 1885. Finding his throat giving down in consequence of the heavy lake atmosphere, he resigned and accepted work in Perry, Iowa. At the close of this supply he accepted the supply of the Menlo and Panora churches, and the principalship of the Guthrie county high school. At the end of one year's service in this school, he was proffered the chair of languages in the Dexter normal college, at Dexter, Iowa, m which field he supplied the pulpit and took the pastoral oversight of the Presbyterian church, in connection with his duties in the college. But he found the labor and responsibilities imequally matched against his physical strength. A unanimous call coming to him both from the old church with which he united when a boy, and the church of Bourbon, Ind., over which he had formerly presided, he accepted and commenced work in that field October 15, 1890.

William H. Foulke, a prominent citizen of Bourbon township and native of Bucks county, Penn., was born in the year 1840, the son of Casper J. and Susan Foulke, who are wellknown residents of Warsaw, this state, to which place they moved in 1862. The subject came to Kosciusko county in 1863, and the same year entered the army, enlisting in Company G, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Indiana volunteer infantry, with which he served from its organization until mustered out at the close of the war. On leaving the army he returned to Kos- ciusko county, where he was afterward married to Susanah, daughter of the late Rev. John S. Todd, who was a well-known minister during the early history of Marshall count}'. Mr. Foulke followed the pursuit of agriculture in Kosciusko county until 1873, at which time he became a resident of Bourbon township, locating upon his present farm four miles north of Bourbon. Mr. and Mrs. Foulke are members of the Methodist church, belonging to the congregation worshiping at Foster chapel. They have a family of seven children, all of whom reside with their parents except the oldest, who is the wife of William Rosebrook. Politically Mr. Foulke is a republican, and fraternally a member of the G. A. R.

William E. Gay, whose sketch is herewith presented, is a native of Ohio, and the son of Easty and Esther Gay, who were married in the state of Massachusetts. They subsequently moved to Cuyahoga county, Ohio, where they lived until the death of the father in 1S34, the subject being at that time but three weeks old. Mrs. Gay subsequently went to Portage county, Ohio, William being but four years old at that time. Mrs. Gay afterward married Samuel Bradner, in iS42,with whom she lived until her death, which occurred in Wood county, Ohio, in 1862. William Gay's residence in Indiana dated from November i, 1852, and his residence in Marshall county from the year following, and was here married in December, 1853, to Mary J. Dennison, daughter of Joseph Dennison, who entered land in Bourbon township in 1849, the same on which the subject resides. Mr. Gay lived in Sandusky county, Ohio, from 1S56 to i860, when he again became a resident of Bourbon township, purchasing his present farm in 1877. He served in the late civil war, belonging to Company F, Seventy-fourth Indiana volunteer infantr}', with the rank of wagoner, enlisting in August, 1862, and serving until the close of the war, in 1865. Mr. and Mrs. Gay have one child living, namely: Orris, who resides in this township, and who married Miss Catherine Ruby. The father of Mrs. Gaj^ was born in Maryland, near Emmetsburg, January i, iSoo, commencing life with the present century, and lived to be over eighty-five years old. He became a resident of Marshall county in 1850, moving here from Ohio. His family consisted of six children, two sons and four daughters, all living but one. Mr. Gay is a republican in politics, a member of the I. O. O. F., and formerly belonged to the G. A. R., and was appointed and served as United States census enumerator for the township of Bourbon in the year 1890.

James Guy was born in Kosciusko county, Ind., January 30, 1840, and is the son of Lewis Guy, who came to that county in the year 1835. Lewis Guy was born in Augusta county, Va., on Bull Run, in the year 1800, and resided there until the age of eighteen, at which time he went to Ohio, where he afterward married

Mary Fleshman, who was born in Gallia county, that state, in 1805. They had a family of twelve children, and died in the years 1S51 and 18S3, respectively. The Guy family has been represented in Kosciusko and Marshall counties by numerous descendants, over fift3^ of the name being buried in the old Galveston graveyard. James Guy was reared in his native county and has always lived within ten miles of his birth place. He was ten years of age when his father died, after which he remained with his mother, looking after her interests until his twenty-sixth year when he was married to Esther A. Hanold, a native of Stark county, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Guy began housekeeping in Perry township, Kosciusko county, where they lived until 1875, at which time they came to Marshall county and purchased a farm of forty acres in the southeast corner of Bourbon township. He has added to his original purchase at intervals, until his farm at this time numbers 200 acres, upon which are many valuable improvements. He is a thrifty and enterprising farmer, and ranks among the best citizens of the community in which he resides. The family of Mr. and Mrs. Guy consists of the following children, viz.: James, Gertrude, Clifford and Thomas.

Peter Hahn, a prominent farmer of Bourbon township, was born in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, December 4, 1845, being one of fifteen children. His parents were William and Mary E. (Bower) Hahn, both natives of Germany, who emigrated to America in 1840, locating in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, where they afterward owned good property and followed farming, but before coming to this country the head of the family was a weaver by trade. Mr. Hahn removed to Marshall county in 1849 and located in Bourbon. He died in 1859, and his wife survived him until 1881, when she died at the age of sixty-five. Both were members of the German Reformed church. Their son, who is the subject of this sketch, was in his fourth year when his parents arrived in Marshall county. He was reared on the farm and received in the common schools an ordinary education, which he has added to by his own efforts to such an extent as to be well versed on general topics. At the age of sixteen years he began an apprenticeship to the shoemaker's trade, and afterward did journeyman work in the same business for several years. He opened a shop in Panama in 1S68, and one in Bourbon in 1872. He continued the business at thelatter place for two years, when he abandoned his trade on account of poor health. For the succeeding four years he tried several different kinds of business, such as publishing a newspaper and selling agricultural implements, then finally leased land, and settled clown to farming, at which he has since continued, and now owns a good home. He is an active partisan in the democratic ranks and acted as marshal of Bourbon one term. He was married in 1871 to Miss Margaret E.

Dinkeldein, then of Kosciusco county, but born in Crawford count}', Ohio, in 1852. She was the daughter of Jacob and Gertrude (Reichart) Dinkeldein, both natives of Germany. The result of this union was nine children, eight of whom are living, viz.: George, William, Minnie, Cora, Evelyn, Frederick, Ellen and Francis. Mr. Hahn and wife are members of the German Reformed church, and are highly esteemed wherever known. Mr. Hahn is quite prominent and popular as a democratic politician, and at this writing (the summer of 1890) is a candidate for auditor of the county.

John H. Iden, photographer, son of Samuel and Tabitha (Edwards) Iden, was born in Owen county, Ind., in the year 1847, and came to Marshall county with his parents in 1859, since which time he has been a resident of Bourbon township. His youthful years were spent on his father's farm, which he assisted in clearing and developing and he remained under the parental roof until attaining his majority, when he began learning the science of photography. He soon acquired skill in this calling, and by long experience is now one of the most expert artists in the county, ranking with the best in the state. He has a fine gallery in Bourbon and is in the enjoyment of a very lucrative business. He was married in 1875 to Luretta Neiman, whose parents reside in Kosciusko county. Mr. and Mrs. Iden have two children: Clarence A. and Nellie.

Samuel Iden is a native of Ohio, born In Carroll county in the year 1820. His parents, George and Matilda Iden, were natives of Virginia, where they were married, and they became residents of Ohio about the year 1S15. They resided in Carroll county, that state, until their respective deaths, the father dying in 1850, and the mother in 1886, the latter having reached the advanced age of ninety-six years. Their family consisted of si.x boys and six girls, two of whom died in infancy. The rest of the family grew up and scattered to various parts of the country, all being farmers except the youngest. The early life of our subject was spent on a farm, and in 1840 he was married to Tabitha Edwards whose parents moved from Virginia to Ohio as early as the year 1805. After his marriage Mr. Iden began farming for himself in his native county, where he remained until 1844, when he removed to Owen county, Ind., which at that time was sparselj' settled, and where he went through the usual pioneer experiences. He moved to Marshall county In 1859, settling In Bourbon township, where he has since resided in the pursuit of his chosen calling, farming. Mr. and Mrs. Iden have had five children: Lucinda, widow of Jacob Mong; George W.; John Henry; Frances M., wife of William Sparrow, and Hannah, wife of George Schram. The family are nearlj^ all members of the Disciples church, and Mr. Iden Is a democrat. George Washington Iden, the eldest

S. S. Keller, a native of Cumberland county, Penn., was born June 6th, 1849, and is a son of Daniel and M. Catherine (Kline) Keller, who are still living in the above county and state. Mr. and Mrs. Keller have had ten children, the subject of this sketch being the onl}' representative of this family in Indiana. He was reared on a farm, and in the spring of 1S71 came to Bourbon, at which place he attended school one year and subsequently attended two years at Earlham college at Richmond. He engaged in farming on the place where he now lives in 1875, ^t which time his farm consisted of 160 acres, but which now numbers 200 acres, the greater part of which is under a successful state of cultivation. Mr. Keller is a successful farmer, and also pays considerable attention to the breeding of fine stock, principally Durham and Jersej- cattle, being one of the well informed stockmen of the county. He taught school in Bourbon township two terms and was quite successful as an instructor. He is a republican in politics, but has never been an aspirant for office, preferring to give his entire attention to his farming interests. Mr. and Mrs. Keller are members of the German Baptist church of Bourbon. Mr. Keller and Ellen E. Bland, daughter of Alexander Bland of this county, were united in marriage in the summer of 1872, and they have a family of six children whose names are as follows: Arthur M., Vernon C, Grace M., Herbert A., Bessie A. and Mabel C. The Keller family came originally from Switzerland and were among the early settlers of Penn sylvania.

A. Kinsej' is a son of Christian Kinsey, a native of Switzerland, who came to the United States in 1847, settling in Crawford county, Ohio, where the family remained until their removal to Marshall county, Ind., in 1853. The father died in 1867, and the mother a year previous. They had a family of ten children, four of whom are at this time prominent residents of Marshall county. Al Kinsey was born in Switzerland in 1846, being about one and a half years old when his parents came to this country. He remained under the parental roof until twenty-one years of age, at which time he engaged in farming, as a renter, and in 1875 bought his present place, which he cleared and developed, and upon which are many valuable improvements. He was married August, 1865, to Nancy Adamson, who has borne him six children, four sons and two daughters. Mr. Kinsey is a republican in politics and a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, while his wife belongs to the United Brethren church.

John K. Lawrence, a prominent citizen of Bourbon, and excounty treasurer, is a native of Ohio, born in Wayne county, that state, in the year 1842. His parents, Philip and Eliza Law- 20 - B.

rence, located in Auglaize county, Ohio, in 1843, ^^id still reside there upon a farm. They were both born in the year 1S16, in the state of Pennsylvania. John K. Lawrence passed his early life in Auglaize county, and was a resident of the same until 1S63, at which time he entered the army, enlisting in Company E, One Hundred and Eighteenth Ohio infantry, with which he served gallantly until the close of the war. In 1868 he came tn Kosciusko county, Ind., where he was engaged in mertantile pursuits until 1872, at which time he came to Bourbon, and also engaged in merchandising. In 1S82 he was elected county treasurer, re-elected in 18S4, and earned the reputation of being an able and painstaking public servant. He has always been a democrat in politics and is recognized as one of the standard bearers of his party in this county. In the fall of 1868 he was united in marriage to Miss Margaret Upton, of Mercer county, Ohio, to which union three children have been born: Winnie Z., Mary and Dora.

A. C. Matchette, M. D., a distinguished physician and surgeon of northern Indiana, was born in Wayne county, this state, August 24th, 1S37, and is the son of Dr. William J. and Eliza (Wasson) ^latchette, natives of Virginia. The family came to Indiana in 1842 and located in Goshen, in the high school of which city the doctor received his early educational training, and later pursued his studies in the Northwestern university at Chicago. He learned the drug trade with his father in Goshen, under whose instruction he also commenced the study of medicine, assisted in the latter by his brother, W. C. Matchette, a prominent physician of that place. He subsequently pursued his professional reading under the able instruction of Profs. H. A. Johnson and Edward Andrews, of Chicago, and graduated with honor from the medical college of that city in March, 1S60. The doctor was almost wedded to clinical work, spending every available hour in the wards of the United States Marine hospital, Mercy hospital, St. Luke's and others, being awarded the position of interne in the two former and chief of the college dispensary over the claims of many other candidates, although he himself had not been a candidate for the hospital appointments. The doctor was tendered a position in the nav}' in 1S61, which he declined for an appointment as surgeon in the United .States army, in which capacity- he served during the war of the rebellion, leaving the service with the rank of surgeon in chief of artillery of division of west Tennessee, including west Tennessee, Mississippi and Arkansas. During his military service he was elected president of the military surgical association of the department of the Mississippi, with headquarters at Memphis. After the close of the war he engaged in the practice of his profession with his brother, W. C. Matchette, at Bourbon, Ind., where with the exception of two years spent in Chicago, he has since resided. He went to Chicago in 1866 and engaged in the drug business, giving especial attention to the manufacture and wholesahng of drugs and perfumery, in which he met with very flattering success. He returned to Bourbon in 1868, and resumed the practice which he has since carried on in connection with the drug business, his professional life in this town extending over a period of twenty-hve years. Duriug this time he has built up an immense practice, one of the most extensive in northern Indiana, and to such an^extent has his ability been recognized that he frequently sends prescriptions to all parts of the Union besides several European countries. In 1886 he purchased a large sanitarium at Detroit, Mich., which had a capacity for 500 patients and conducted the same for several years. This institution was supplied with a complete system of baths, mineral water, electric, Russian, Turkish, etc., and was well patronized during the time the doctor remained in charge. The doctor's practice is both general and special, and in the latter he has frequently been called to attend difficult cases in distant states several times as far remote as California. He has written much for the public, and is well-known as a contributor to many of the leading medical journals of this country and Europe. He has also traveled quite extensively and is a man of broad and liberal views and upon all the leading questions of the day he has decided opinions which he does not hesitate to express. The doctor has but little taste for public life although he has frequently been tendered official positions from that of town, county and state office up to that of representative in the congress of the United States, all of which he has seen fit to decline. He is not a politician in the strict sense of that term, being bound to no particular party, preferring to be governed by careful judgment of candidates and political measures in the exercise of the elective franchise. He is a Mason, Odd Fellow, Red Man, A. O. U. W. and also belongs to the G. A. R., in all of which fraternities he has been an active worker and leading spirit. The doctor is not a member of the church, his religion being that Christianity which manifests itself in the every day actions of life rather than ostentatious service in the sanctuary once a week. He is a close reader of religious literature, and while not taking much interest in public preaching, reads all of the published sermons of the leading divines of the country. The doctor is now devoting considerable attention to the manufacture of specialties, used in his own practice for the last thirty years, which have gained a great reputation among his own patrons and the public generally for the cure of certain diseases. As a public-spirited citizen the doctor has been an earnest advocate of all movements having for their object the material advancement of the town, and especially has he been interested in behalf of railroads and other improvements that would redound to the benefit of the country at large. In addition to his extensive practice he is at this time connected with L. H. Whittaker in one of the largest and best stocked drug houses in the northern part of the state. He was married in 1866 to Miss Marie Louise C. Curran, second daughter of Rev. R. A. Curran, of Huntington, Ind., a former resident of Trenton, N. J., a union blessed with the birth of one child, Richard O.

Ignatius Mattingly, a well-known newspaper man of Marshall county, is a native of the eastern shore of Maryland, where he was born in 1811. In the fall of 1812 his parents emigrated to Kentucky and settled at Richmond, in Madison county. At an early age young Mattingly entered a printing office belonging to his brother and learned to set type. In 1831 he was married, and shortly afterward went to Illinois to seek his fortune. There he taught a winter term of school, and in the spring removed to Vincennes, Ind. He secured a situation on the J'vicciiiics Su)i, then edited by the venerable Elihu Stout. Mr. Mattingly remained there until 1836, when he went to Corydon, Ind., and commenced the publication of the JVcckly Investigator. At first neutral, the paper finally came out for the whig party and became a zealous and influential champion of that cause. After about three years, Mr. Mattingly sold his paper, and subsequently bought a half interest in the New Albany Daily and ]\^cckly Gazette. This venture proved a losing one, and later on Mr. Mattingly returned to Corydon a poorer but wiser man. Subsequently here-purchased the Gazette, and continued its publication for eight years, when he sold out to a j'oung lawyer of New Albany, by the name of T. C. .Slaughter. Thinking he had enough of that costly and fascinating, but unremunerative work known as "printing a paper," Mr. Mattingly embarked in the mercantile business. But, like many others who have once got printer's ink on their fingers, Mr. Mattingly found it difficult to keep out of the seductive pursuit, and moved to Plymouth, Ind., where he bought a paper called the Banner. He changed the name to the Marshall County Republiean, and issued the first number the week before the state election in 1856. The Republican commenced its career just as that young political giant known as the republican party, after achieving some notable local victories was girding its loins for a much mightier struggle which was destined to result in a national victory of the greatest import and inaugurate the most remarkable period in the history of North America. It was a good time to commence the publication of a republican paper in a northern state, and Mr. Mattingly soon placed his journal on a sound financial basis, and made it one of the best county papers in the state. In 1868 he sold the Republi- can to Mr. John S. Bender, and tried the lumber business for a year or two. But he could not long keep his fingers out of the ink, so in 1871 we find the veteran editor again on the tripod and publishing the Bonrbon County Mirrov, of which he still has charge at the date of this sketch. Though he has in his time helped many others to political prominence and positions of value, Mr. Mattingly has, himself, never held any ofifice. It is the mission of the editor to make great men out of very small material and to reap abundantly of the hard knocks of politics, while experiencing few or none of its rewards or riches. Mr. Mattingly, we believe, enjoys the title of "oldest editor in the state," and those who have known him long agree in saying that he has so discharged the duties of editor as to reflect credit both upon himself and his profession.

William Myers is a native of Elkhart county, Ind., and dates his birth from the year 1847. He is a son of David and Catherine Myers, who moved to Indiana a number of years ago from Ohio, settling in Elkhart count}'. His paternal ancestors were natives of Germany, from which country they came to the United States in an early day. The name of the subject's mother previous to her marriage was Catherine Bonner. She died when William was quite young. His father afterward re-married and raised a second family of five children. William Myers is one of a famil3'of four children, three sons and one daughter. His early life, similar to that of the majority of country boys, was uneventful, having been passed 'mid the rugged duties of the farm, with a few months attendance each year in the common schools, where he obtained his education. In 1S72 he was united in marriage to Sarah Foust, daughter of Henry F'oust, of Sommerset county, Penn., and in 1874 he moved to Marshall county, and purchased his present home place in the western part of Bourbon township. Mr Myers is a successful farmer, and socially is well respected by his neighbors and friends. Politically he is a republican, but has never taken any active part in politics. He and wife are both members of the German Baptist church, in which he is also a minister, having been elected as such in 1882. Mr. and Mrs. Myers have a family consisting of the following children: Millard, Carrie, Stella, Nettie and Calvin.

James O. Parks, lawyer and promment citizen of Bourbon, was born March 20th, 1S13. His parents, natives of Maryland and Virginia, moved to Bourbon county, Ky., when he was quite a young child. The family consisted of eight brothers and two sisters, all of whom lived to become heads of families. The mother of Mr. Parks was a woman of unusual ability. To a well developed physical organization were added rare moral and intellectual endowments, and she was well informed upon all the questions of the day, and familiar with the standard literature of the period in which she lived. Her energy of character and integritj' have been fully reproduced in the subject of this sketch, who for a number of years has ranked with the intelligent citizens of Marshall county. His early education was obtained under many difficulties, and owing to circumstances over which he had no control he was unable to attend school after his fourteenth year. In 1827 he came with his father's family to Rush county, Ind., and was a resident of that part of the state until 1S35, at which time he became a resident of Marshall county. In the meantime he had become proficient in the science of surveying and civil engineering, and for fifteen years was a special agent of the general government in looking up illegal claims, during which time he also followed surveying in this and other counties. In 1839 his father died, after which James was left to manage the large estate. In 1844 he was elected justice of the peace, the duties of which he discharged for three years, when he resigned in order to make the race for the legislature, to which he was elected as representative of Marshall county in 1S47. He was re-elected in 1S48, and in 1852 was admitted to the bar of Marshall county, and began the practice of his profession, which has extended over a period of twenty-seven years. As a lawyer Mr. Parks has been painstaking, and he has the reputation of a safe and reliable counselor. In i860 he went to the Virgin islands on a private mission to settle an estate involving a considerable amount of capital. This was the only extensive trip ever taken outside of the United States, though he has traveled extensively over various parts of this country. Mr. Parks was married in 1836, to Miss Susie Dinwiddle, to which union two sons and two daughters have been born.