Marshall County, Indiana - Chapter 6: By Christian Seiler, Jr, 1890 (part 2 of 4)

Canada. A son of the Massachusetts settler became the father of several children, among whom was Elijah IMacomber, the father of the following children: Stephen, Adams, Eliza, Washington, Horatio, Julia, Leonard and John. The father settled in Durham, Androscoggin county, Me., and here, July 26, 1808, his son Adams was born. Adams Macomber was united in marriage with Betsie Briggs, who was born in Auburn, Me., October 7, 1805. She was a daughter of William Briggs, a native of Massachusetts and of English lineage. Unto the above marriage there were born: William B., Elijah A., Hiram J., John L. and Zebina A. Macomber. The father was a shoemaker by trade, and resided in Maine till 1845, when he removed his family to Winnebago county, 111., where he engaged in farming. In the spring of 1850 he settled in Elkhart county, Ind., where he died November 3, 1853. The mother died in Bremen, February 15, 18S4. The parents were of the Universalistic church faith. William B., their oldest son, is our subject. Elijah A. became a second lieutenant in Company B, Twenty-ninth Indiana volunteer infantry, and at the battle of Chickamauga, Tenn., received a wound that caused his death at New Paris, Ind., September 20, 1864. Hiram J., of South Dakota, is a resident minister of the gospel in the Congregational church. John L. is farming in Kansas, where he went in 1882; he left Indiana in 1876, as did also Zebina A., who is now farming in Missouri. William B. was born in Parkman, Piscataquis county. Me., November ig, 1833. He was aged seventeen when he located in Elkhart county, and he resided there till 1866, since when he has lived in German township of this county. He received a limited common school education, but has gained a fair knowledge of general subjects through the general reading of books and papers. At the age of eighteen he began life for himself, by daily labor at various things, but principally carpentering, in which he worked for about nine years. Since that time farming has been his principal occupation, but for over twenty years, in connection with farming, he was engaged in saw-milling. September 16, 1861, he married Miss Belinda Hess, born in Elkhart county, Ind., September 12, 1838. The marriage has resulted in the birth of the following children: Charles A., Tremella J., Mary E., Julia E., Ira L., Lewis E. and Betsie C. Mr. and Mrs. Macomber are members of the United Brethren church, and are highly respected. He is a republican politically, and Is one of the representative and progressive citizens of the count}'.

W^ F. Mensel, station agent, telegraph operator and express agent at Bremen, was born in Marshall county, Ind., October 13, 1862, and is a son of August and Barbara Mensel, earl}- settlers of Bremen. He was born and reared in Bremen, and received a common school education in the schools of the town. In 1880

(December) he went Into the B. & O. railway office at Bremen, and here learned railway office work, together with telegraphy, and in February of 18S2 he took charge of the office, and has continuously held the position since. In December, 1S83, he married Miss Laura M. Bowman, a native of Indiana. The children are Harry and Frank. He is a member of the K. O. T. M. of Bremen.

Prof. Henry H. Miller, who has been the popular principal of the Bremen schools for over twelve years, was born in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, March 6, 1S51, and is a son of Philip and Catherine (Maurer) Miller. The father and mother were born in Bavaria, Germany, in the years 1819 and 1827, respectively. The natives of Bavaria, Germany, emigrating to America in 1835. Unto them were born: John, Philip, Frederick and Catherine, whose births occurred in Germany. Our subject's parents were married in about 1846, and to their union were born the following children, viz.: Catherine, Frederick, Henry H., Caroline L., Philip P., Charles W., George W., Adam, Frederick C. and Mary M. The father, who was a farmer bj^ occupation, died in Ohio, in 1885. The mother survives and resides in Ohio. Henry H., the subject of this sketch, was reared on the farm, and he gained a fair common school education, which in after years he broadened by graduation, in 1877, from the Northern Indiana normal school of Valparaiso. He completed the scientific course, receiving the degree of B. S. He taught five terms in the district schools, and in 1879, took charge of the Bremen schools, in which he has won the esteem and confidence of the patrons who regard him as a very able and successful teacher. In 1877 he was united in marriage with Harriet Ringle, born at Bremen, May 3, 1853. The marriage has been blessed by the birth of three children, namely: Ada M., Verne A. and Charles O. Mr. Miller is a member of the Bremen lodge, No. 414, F. & A. M. He has been chief of the Bremen fire department since 1878, and was one of its charter members. In politics he is a democrat. He is insurance agent for four good companies, and is a leading and progressive citizen.

Daniel Ringle, one of the pioneers of German township, was born in Westmoreland county, Penn., September 12, 1809. He is a son of Daniel and Mary (Baum) Ringle. The father was born in Lehigh county, Penn., in 1869, and died in Stark county, Ohio, in 1834. He was a son of Mathias Ringle, who was born in Old Philadelphia, of German extraction. Mathias Ringle was the progenitor of the following offspring: Abraham, John, Joseph, Adam, Jacob, Eve, Margaret, Elizabeth, Daniel and Mary. The father was married a second time. He was a wagon master in the colonial army during the American revolution for seven years, un- der the command of Gen. Washington. Daniel Ringle, his son, was united in marriage with Mary Baum, who w^as born in Lehigh count}', Penn., in 1772, and died in Stark county, Ohio, in 1856. Unto the above union there were born the following children: Elizabeth, Margaret, Adam, Mathias, Mary, John, Susannah, Daniel, Nancy, Barbara and Sarah. The father served in the early Indian wars. He was a blacksmith by trade and also farmed for some years, and moved from Pennsylvania to Ohio in 1816. His son Daniel, was but a boy at this time. He was reared on a farm and given a meager education in reading, writing and arithmetic. He worked on the farm with his father till he was past twenty-four years of age, and then with a very limited capital began the battle of life. He started on boat down the Ohio, passed up the Mississippi, thence to Peoria, 111., then walked to Chicago, then to St. Joseph county, Ind., where he arrived in 1835. After purchasing lands, he visited Ohio, then returned to Indiana and purchased in German township, this county, a tract of land. In 1837, in Ohio, he was united in marriage with Eliza Carus, who was born in Stark county, Ohio, May 15, 1818. She is adaughter of John and Hannah Carus, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and of Irish descent. The above marriage resulted in the birth of the following children: Sarah Ann, Mary M., Martha E., John C, William C, Elizabeth, David C, Wesley, Harriet, Harrison and Ellsworth. In 1839, Mr. Ringle located on his purchase in German township, where he farmed till 1856. In 1854, he built the first saw-mill of Bremen, and subsequently spent nine 3'ears in saw-milling, together with farming, which he discontinued in 1863, since which time he has resided in Bremen. At this period he embarked in merchandising, which he continued for about twenty-two years. Since then he has lived somewhat of a retired life. He is one of the oldest and best respected early settlers of Bremen, and has held several offices, among which were township clerk under the old law, and that of justice of the peace, which office he now holds. In politics he is an ardent republican. He is a member of the United Brethren church, but formerly was a member of the Evangelical Association.

Jacob Schlosser was born in Bavaria, Germany, March 29, 1829. He is a son of Jacob and Doretha (Ritchie) Schlosser, both natives of Bavaria, unto whom were born five children, Jacob being the oldest. He came to America in 184S, with his brother Philip, was reared to farming to the age of thirteen, and then was taught the trade of a locksmith. Upon reaching the United States he landed in the city of New York, where he followed the baker's trade, and in 1857, nearly ten years later, he was united in marriage in that city to Margaret Karrer, who was born in Baden, Germany, October 18, 1829. She is the daughter of George and Elizabeth (Oblender) Karrer, unto whom there were born thirteen children, Margaret being the oldest but one. The mother died in the old country, and in 1855 the father and eleven children (two having died) emigrated to the United States and located in New York city. The father, subsequently, lived and died in New Jersey. Unto the marriage of Jacob and Margaret Schlosser there have been born the following children: Frederick, Philip, George, Henr3% Jacob, Doretha E., Gustav, William and Samuel, all living. In June, 1S57, Mr. and Mrs. Schlosser came to Marshall county from New York city, and settled in the woods on their present homestead in German township, and here they have continued to reside ever since, Mr. Schlosser following farming for an occupation. Mr. and Mrs. Schlosser are members of the Evangelical church and enjoy a high social station. Near their home, and one mile from Bremen, is situated the Cottage Grove creamery, which is owned and operated by two of their sons, Henry and Jacob, with whom Philip was formerly associated. The creamery was established in 18S4, and is one of the valuable enterprises of German township. Here is manufactured a fine grade of creamery butter, which finds a market largely in Baltimore, New York, Chicago and other cities, to where the enterprising proprietors also ship large amounts of eggs. Henry, the senior member of the firm, was born March 28, 1863, and Jacob was born May 15, 1865, and both are young and practical business men of energy and enterprise.

Frederick Schlosser, a young and energetic farmer of German township, was born in the township February 23, 1S5S, the son of Jacob Schlosser, an early settler of the county. He was reared and educated on a farm, working with his father until he was past twenty-one years of age, then he left home and became a hired hand at farm work, which he continued for three years. In 1883 he was united in marriage with Alice Alberts, who was born in German township, July 12, 1862. She is a daughter of John Alberts, who died a Union soldier in the civil war. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Schlosser's marriage there have been born two children, namely: Harriet Etta and Hazel Margaret. Mr. Schlosser, after his marriage settled down in life on his father's farm and took up the pursuit of agriculture, which he has since continued as an occupation. In 1889 he purchased his present homestead of eighty acres near Bremen, and here resides, making dairy farming somewhat of a specialty'. He is an industrious man, a well respected citizen, and in politics is a firm republican.

Christian Seller, Jr., the subject of this sketch, first saw the sun rise on the morning of March 18, 1838, on the shore of Lake Brienz, near Interlaken, Canton Berne, in Switzerland. His father was born in the same house on August 10, 1806. His mother was Anna Fentz, born August 15, 1810, in Gstelgwyler, a romantic spot within two miles of Interlaken. Her father was a farmer. In the year 1798, when the French generals took Berne, the capital of Switzerland, and demanded all the money that had been hoarded up there, in the national treasury, for ages, Grandfather Fentz was called on as a militiaman to help defend his countrj'. Perhaps the first and only duty he performed was to obey the orders of some French commander to watch the money that was boxed up and ready on the sidewalk in front of the treasury building for shipment to Paris. Afterward the old man often said that he was a fool for not taking a box of the gold and walking away with it. He was in that day considered a wealthy man, as he owned a great deal of land, cows, horses and sheep. In the summer season he was always up in the Alps herding his stock and making cheese and butter. In the spring of 1S37 Christian Seller, Sr., and Anna Fentz were united in marriage, and to them six children were born, viz.: Christian; Frederick, born October 12, 1839, and Anna, January i, 1841, both dead; Anna (now Mrs. Freese, living in Bremen), born March 18, 1843; Susan and Margaret (twins), born October 11, 1849, all in the same house in Switzerland. In the year 1853 the Seller family determined to emigrate to America to better their fortunes, having heard and read much of this fruitful land and the opportunities it offered to those who were seeking homes. So on the 13th day of October, 1853, the entire family started from their native home for the western world. They made their way across Switzerland, through F"rance to Paris, and thence to Havre where they took passage in a PVench sailing ship, and after a voyage of twenty-eight days arrived safely in the harbor of New York. They remained there over Sunda}', and then proceeded west by way of the Erie railroad to Buffalo, by boat to Cleveland and Toledo, thence by the Lake Shore to South Bend, Ind., where they arrived on the ist of December. On the 5th of that month they rode on an ox wagon, owned by Uncle John Dietrich, to the town of Bremen, which was their destination. Christian Seller, Sr., bought of his brother-in-law eighty acres of land one mile west of Bremen, for $700, of which $300 was paid in cash. The subject of this sketch was bound out to his uncle, John Dietrich, for the period of five years to earn the $400 that was unpaid on the land. About June ist, 1854, Dietrich with his family moved to Bremen into a log house, and in the spring of that year erected the first cabinet shop, in which our subject learned his trade and served his time, which ended January ist, 1859. In 1859 young Seller went to Olney, 111., where he worked as a carpenter in summer and as a cabinet-maker in winter. He received for wages $1.25 a day and board. Returning to Bremen Mr. Seller continued to work at his trade with good success until the breaking out of the civil war in 1861. In the fall of that year he enlisted in Company K, Twenty-ninth Indiana volunteer infantry. He took part with his regiment in the battles of Shiloh, Stone River, Chickamauga, and siege of Corinth. During several months of the year 1S63 Mr. Seiler occupied the honorable position of color-bearer of his regiment. In October, 1863, he received an injury that compelled him to lay off for a while, and a month later was discharged by reason of expiration of service. Returning to Bremen he resumed work at his trade. On the 15th of February, 1866, Mr. Seiler was united in marriage to Mary Ann Beyler, who was born in German township in 1S46. To their union were born the following children: Frederick William, Margaret Ellinore, Eda Annie, Edward Clayton, Clara Erclina, Jennetta May, Emma Estalla, Josephine and two sons who died at birth. Of the above mentioned ten children, the six girls are all living and the four boys are all dead. Mrs. Seller's father was George Beyler, a native of Alsace, France, who came to this country in 1S33, first settling in Ohio, and later in Marshall county, Ind. In 1837 he married Rebecca Lehr, a native of Lancaster, Penn. Mr. Beyler cleared land and was very successful in business, accumulating a great deal of property during his useful life. He was a good Christian man, holding membership with the Evangelical association for thirty-five years. He lived respected and loved by all who knew him, and died in 1881, aged nearly seventy years, sincerely lamented by the whole community. His wife still survives him. The subject of our sketch worked at his trade until 1871 when he built a shop and storehouse and went into the furniture and undertaking business, in which he remained and prospered until 1882, when he sold out to John Miller, of La Porte. He has held the positions of assessor of German township, member of the town school board, clerk and treasurer of Bremen and justice of the peace. He filled all these offices conscientiously and gave satisfaction to the people who had conferred the honors upon him unsolicited. Mr. Seiler built a house in Bremen for his aged father, when he retired from farming in 1873 on account of old age. He died there December 17, 1873, aged over sixtyseven years, and was followed by his gcod wife on the i5th day of March, 1887, aged seventy-six years. Mr. Seiler is not a member of any church, but belongs to the Masonic fraternity, and the G. A. R. post of Bremen, Ind. In 1881 he took a run over to the old country, revisiting beautiful Switzerland, the scene of his birth and childhood, and visited other countries, remaining abroad about three months.

Rev. Daniel Showley was born in Fairfield county, Ohio, January 23, 1846, and his paternal great-grandfather was Jacob Showley, a native of Switzerland, and the father of one son, Jacob by 2:,-B.

name. His wife's given name was Susannah, and she was also a native of Switzerland, where their son was born. This Swiss family emigrated to the United States in 1S04, and settled in Liberty township, Fairfield Co., Ohio, where they afterward lived and died. The father was a farmer by occupation, and continued upon the farm where they settled till his death, December 25, 1810, aged sixty-eight years. His wife died March 7,

1814, aged fifty-three years, and they both lie buried on the old homestead. Their son was eleven years of age when his parents came to this country, and he grew to manhood on the farm in Ohio, where his marriage was consummated with Ursilla Salada, a native of Switzerland, coming to America with her parents in about 1 80S. To the above marriage were born nine children, of whom only two sons, Samuel and Jacob, reached maturity, the others dying in early life. The parents, late in the fifties, removed from Ohio to Fulton county, Ind., where they continued till called away in death. The father died December 3, 1864, aged seventy-one years, seven months and twenty days; the mother died April 10, 1870, aged seventy-six years and three months. Their son, Samuel, was born in F"airfield county, Ohio, January 12, 1S21, and February 28, 1841, was united in marriage with Ann M. Burkhardt, who was born in Switzerland, March 25,

181 5, coming with her parents to the United States in about 1830. Unto her marriage with Samuel Showley there were born eleven children, of whom four reached maturity, namely: Sarah A. (deceased), George who died a Union soldier in the civil war), Daniel and Jacob B. The father was a shoemaker by trade and a farmer by occupation. He and family came to Fulton county, Ind., in 1853, where he died November 17, 1SS4. The mother's home is now with Daniel, the subject of this biography. Our subject was reared on a farm and given a fair common school education in the country schools. He worked on the farm with his father till twenty-two years of age, and January 2, 1868, in Wayne county, Ind., his marriage was consummated with Catherine E. Urbin, who was born in Fairfield county, Ohio, May 15, 1848. The above marriage has resulted in the birth of ten children, of whom the following are living: Minnie E., Norma O., Samuel M. J., Jesse Ray, Bartmas and Otis Earl. For about nine years after Mr. Showlej^'s marriage he farmed in Fulton county. February 24, 1877, he became a licensed preacher of the gospel in the United Brethren church, and since continued an active life as a minister. He is now serving his third term as pastor of the United Brethren congregation of Bremen, where he resides. Mr. Showley is a faithful worker in his church, and enjoys the esteem and confidence of all. The Showley family have all been reared in the United Brethren church faith, from the Swiss emigrant on down to the present generation, and

D. C. Smith, the present postmaster of Bremen, was born in Stark county, Ohio, May i, 1S41, and is a son of James and Susan (Tschupp) Smith. The father was born in Allegheny county, Penn., January 27, 1818, and the mother in Stark county, Ohio, April 30, 1S19. They were the parents of the following children: Sarah, David, Annie, Jacob, Maria, Lydia, Susan, Daniel, Catherine, Emaline, Samuel and Hannah. The immediate subject of this mention was raised and educated on a farm. September 15, 1S64, he enlisted as a private in Company B, Seventeenth Indiana volunteer mounted infantry, with which he participated in the battles of Nashville, Anselma, and other engagements. At Anselma he received a wound, losing his left arm. He was honorably discharged at Indianapolis, August 28, 1865, by reason of the close of the war. Just before enlisting in the army, August 14, 1S64, Mr. Smith was united in marriage with Susan A. Hopkins, who was born in Stark county, Ind., February 22, 1S40. To this union there have been born the following children: Dora E., Lydia M., Etta M., Elmer G., Charles E., Eva J. and Bessie. After the close of the war, Mr. Smith returned to his wife in St. Joseph county, and at South Bend took a course in commercial education. For two years he served in South Bend as constable and deputy marshal, and two years as assistant postmaster. Then for eight years he was traveling salesman for reapers, binders, mowers and general wrapping paper, and from 1884 to 1886 he was engaged in the farm implement business at South Bend. In 1886 he came to Bremen, and engaged in the implement business. In the spring of 1887 he was elected town marshal in Bremen, and in the same spring was elected constable, and re-elected in the spring of 1889. In 1888, in the republican county convention at Plymouth, he was nominated candidate for sheriff, and in the fall election reduced a majority of near 700 to 240 votes, and this may be cited as an evidence of his popularity throughout the county. October i, 1889, he was appointed postmaster at Bremen and still holds this office. Mr. Smith is a staunch republican in politics, and is a member of the G. A. R., Hardzog post, of Bremen, and of the K. O. T. M., of Bremen.

Simon Snyder, an old and well-known resident of Marshall count}', is a native of Lancaster county, Penn., born September 23, 181 1, the son of Henry and Mary (Restler) Snyder. The family is of German descent, the paternal grandfather, John .Snyder, having come to America from Saxony, Germany, prior to the revolution, in which struggle he took a part. The following are the names of the children born to Henry and Mary Snyder: Henry, Simon, Catherine, Mary, Salome and Elizabeth. The mother died in Lancaster county, Penn., and the father departed this life in Kosciusko county, Ind. Simon Snyder early learned the carpenter's trade, and at the age of sixteen removed with his parents to Ohio, and in 1S44 became a resident of Indiana, locating in Marshall county. He was married in Stark county, Ohio, May 9, 1841, to Salome Schmachtenberger, a native of the same county and state, whose birth occurred October 14, 1S17. To this union w^ere born the following children, viz.: Martin, Benjamin, Henry, William (deceased), Margaret, James B. and Simon (deceased). Mr. Snyder has been a resident of Marshall over forty-tive years, and during his long period of residence has built up an enviable reputation as an honest, intelligent and progressive citizen. He has undergone many hardships and trials incident to a life in a new country, but has lived to see his labors crowned with abundant success, being at this time one of the substantial and well-to-do farmers of the township in which he resides. He is a democrat in politics, and has held several minor official positions at different times.

Peter Voegeli was born in Switzerland, February 21, 1839. He is a son of Ulrich and Barbara (Schild) Voegeli. The father and mother were born in Switzerland, and both died at Bremen. Ulrich Voegeli was born March 14, 1S02, and died March iS, 1S66; Mrs. Voegeli was born November 29, 1805, and died in May of 1885. They were blessed in their marriage by the birth of the following offspring: Barbara, Elizabeth, Ulrich, Margaret, Mary and Peter, all of whom were born in Switzerland. The family immigrated to America in 1850, leaving their native land April 16, and locating in Marshall county, Ind., July 5, 1850, settling on a farm near Bremen. The father, who followed farming here, was a drill master of recruits in the Swiss army. His later years were spent operating a meat market in Bremen. He and \v\ie were members of the German Reformed church, and were well-respected citizens. Peter Voegeli was reared on a farm and educated in both the English and German languages. In 1857 he took up the cooper's trade, which he has followed all his life. October 22, 1861, he enlisted as a musician in the band of the Thirty-fifth Indiana volunteer infantry, and September 9, 1862, was discharged by reason of Gen. Buell's order No. 43, ordering all volunteer regiment bands to be discharged. January 2, 1864, he re-enlisted as bugler in the Twenty-first Indiana battery of light artillery, with which he served until honorably discharged, June 26, 1S65. December 29, 1868, he was united in marriage with Annie Hardzog, born in Marshall county September 26, 1845. The marriage has given issue to the birth of three children: Frank L., Charles N. and Clemens O. Mr. and Mrs. Voegeli are members of the German Reformed church. She operates the leading millinery store In Bremen, and he follows his trade for a livelihood. He is a member of the G. A. R., Hard- zog post, No. 400, of Bremen, and in politics he is a stauncli republican. He is a natural musician, and is a leading member of the excellent Bremen cornet band.

G. F". Wahl, M. D., a practicing physician of Bremen, was born in St. Joseph county, Ind., April 23, 1S59. He is a son of Michael and Mary A. (Fink) Wahl. In 1836 the father was born in Alsace, German}', the second of the following children: F"rederick, Michael, Philip, and Eve, children of George and Margaret (Wander) Wahl, natives of Germany. They emigrated with their family to America in 1S40, and settled in Canton, Ohio, and later in St. Joseph county, Ind. Michael Wahl was one of the early lumber men of northern Indiana, and later in life followed farming, and finally merchandising. He now resides in Bremen. Mary A., his wife, was born in Pennsylvania in 1839, of German descent. Her marriage with Michael resulted in the birth of seven children, namely: George F'., Ida M., Josephine V., Elvira }., Harmon, Bertha, and Martin. George F. was reared on a farm, where he worked till about eighteen years of age. He received a fair education in the countrj' schools; then completed a course in the Bremen schools, and later took a special course in the Northern Indiana Normal at Valparaiso. In the spring of 1879 he began the study of medicine at Bremen under the instruction of Dr. H. M. Bishop, and in September of 18S0, entered the Rush Medical college, of Chicago, where he graduated in the spring of 1882. In January of 1883, he located at Bremen, where he has since continued an active and lucrative practice. He is among the leading physicians of the county, and is a member of the Marshall County Medical association, of the Indiana State Medical society, and also of the American Medical association. He is a member of the Bremen lodge, No. 414, F. & A. M., and in politics is an ardent democrat. At Bremen he is a member of the board of health, and of the fire department, of which he is treasurer. In 1884 he was married to Ellen P. Diedrich, a native of Bremen. The marriage has resulted in the birth of one child, named Lulu.

Solomon Weaver was born in Lehigh county, Penn., November 10, 1S34. He is the third of the following children born unto Solomon and Catherine (Hunsicer) Weaver: Polly, Jonathan, Solomon, Annie, John, Catherine, Lydia, Mary J. and Susan E. The parents were born in Lehigh county, Penn., of German ancestry, the father in 1805, and the mother in 1808. They were married in their native county, and in 1836, with their family, came by way of wagon to Ohio, and settled in the wilds of Mahoning county, where they continued to reside for nearly thirty years. In the spring of 1864 they removed to Marshall county, Ind., where they lived near Bremen till 1875, when they returned to Mahoning county, Ohio, where the father died in

1877, aged seventy-two years, and the mother in 1883, aged seventy-six years. The father was a weaver, mason and plasterer by trade, and a farmer by occupation. Our subject was reared and educated on a farm in Mahoning county, Ohio, where he grew to manhood, and he remained under the parental roof till he was united in marriage with Susannah Lynn, in 1S59. Mrs. Weaver was born in Mahoning county, Ohio, August 14, 1841. Unto the above union there have been born the following children: Emma A. (deceased), Mary M. (deceased) , Orrie E. (deceased), Clarrie E. and Delia A. After his marriage Mr. Weaver resided in Ohio till 1863, when he came to Indiana. He settled in German township, Marshall county, the last week in December of 1863, and since has resided here. Farming, together with carpentering, has been his principal pursuit. As a farmer he is considered one of the foremost and practical in the county. He owns a neat and well-improved farm near Bremen, consisting of 130 acres. Here Mr. and Mrs. Weaver live happy and prosperous lives, and they are active members of the German Lutheran church, and are well respected. In politics he is a staunch democrat, and is one of the representative citizens of German township.

David A. Whitaker, a native of Erie county, Penn., was born February 18, 1842. He is a son of William and Lepha (Morrison) Whitaker. The parents were born in Saratoga county, N. Y., the father in 1806, of English descent, and the mother in 1804, of Scotch ancestry. Their marriage was consummated in their native county, and unto their marriage there were born the following children: Silva, Roxie, Jonathan, Henry, Cyntha, James, Amanda, David A. and Daniel. Soon after their marriage the parents removed to Pennsylvania, and settled in Erie county, and in i860 they removed to Cold Water, Mich., where the mother died in 1866. Farming was the father's occupation. His death occurred near Millbrook, Mich., in [888. at the home of his son. David A. Whitaker was born and reared on a farm, and his life has been devoted to farming, together with saw-milling. He remained at home with his parents till he was past twenty-one years of age, and in the fall of 1S62 returned to his native county, and there, in 1S63, was married to Helen Eddy, daughter of Elizur and Sophia^ (F"armer) Eddy, natives of New York. Mrs. Whitaker was born June 13, 1843, 'ind 'ler marriage with Mr. Whitaker has been blessed by the birth of the following children: Charles, Sabrah, Edwin, Mella, Dollie and Lewis. For five years after their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Whitaker lived in Pennsylvania, then for a short time resided in Michigan. In 1871 they settled in Marshall county, where they have since continued. Where they now reside, in German township, they own 320 acres of land, on which they settled when it was in a wilderness state. They are now in a prosperous and well-respected station of life. Mrs. Whitaker is a zealous member of the United Brethren church, and he is a representative farmer and citizen.

John J. Wright was born on Long Island, N. Y., January 28, 182S. He is one of the following children born unto William P. and Eliza (Jackson) Wright: Charles, Alfred, John J., Henry, Julia and Emily. The last two were born in NewYork city, the others on Long Island. The father was born on Long Island in 1800, and was a son of Charles Wright, of English lineage. The mother was also born on Long Island, in 1808, of English extraction, and was a granddaughter of John Jackson, a Quaker in faith, and one of the progenitors and land-holders of the city of Brooklyn. The marriage of William P. and Eliza Wright was consummated in New York city. Their lives were spent on Long Island and New York city, in which, for the greater part of his life, the father was a wholesale merchant. John J. Wright, our subject, received his early schooling in New York city, and later was placed in school at Redding, Conn., where he finished a liberal academical education. He began the earnest battle of life for himself at the age of twenty-two years. At New Haven,' Conn., he began work at coach manufacturing, and by continued study and actual experience he became a skillful workman. In 1852 he located at Chicago, 111., and here invested capital in carriage manufacturing. He continued manufacturing till about 1868, and in the following year he came to Bremen, Ind., where he has since remained. Upon locating here he constructed a wood-bending factory, which he has since continued to operate. The work of this factory consists of the material for carriages, wagons and such as requires bent-wood work. It is one of the valuable enterprises of Bremen, and its annual out-put will reach $20,000. In the operation of the factory an average of twenty workmen are employed throughout the entire year. Besides being proprietor of this factory, Mr. Wright is engaged in a general mercantile trade, which represents an average annual business of about $20,000. Mr. Wright was united in marriage with Miss Sarah F. Loomis, in 1854. The marriage was consummated at Westfield, Mass., and has been blessed by the birth of three children, namely: William D., Edward M., and Lucy E. Mrs. Wright was born in Blanford, Mass., July 30, 1832, of Puritan origin. Mr. and Mrs. Wright are members of the Congregational church of Bremen, and enjoy a high social station in life. Mr. Wright, in the true sense of the term, is a self-made man. He began life with no capital, and although many obstacles have arisen in the course of life, he has surmounted them by means of energy and a determination to succeed. As a citizen he is progressive and earnestly participates in the various enter- prises that are inaugurated for and tend to advance the public good. He has never aspired to public or political career, but has preferred the life of a prosperous business man and a wellrespected citizen. Though not regarded as a politician, he is a firm republican in politics, and is universally respected by his fellow-citizens.

A. B. Younkman, M. D., the oldest practicing physician of Bremen, Ind., was born in Stark county, Ohio, June 14, 1835. His paternal great-grandfather was Daniel Younkman, who was born in Germany, and who was the father of three children, a daughter that died in early life, and two sons, Jacob and Daniel. The mother's name was Catherine. The parents with their children emigrated to America in 1777, and being unable to pay their passage, were at Baltimore sold in bondage, which they served, and then they came westward and settled in the wilds of what is now Stark county, of that state. Here the father died in 1838, the mother in 1S47. Daniel, their youngest son, was born upon the Atlantic ocean, on the way to this country. He became the father of several children, lived to be aged, and died in Huntington county, Ind. Jacob, a brother, was born in Germany, and died in Stark county, Ind., April 8, 1870, aged seventy-nine years, nine months and fourteen days. He was married in Stark county, Ohio, wedding Mary Shell, a native of that county, and of German descent. The marriage resulted in the birth of the following children: Daniel J., Elizabeth, Tarsey, Mary and Catherine. Daniel J. is our subject's father, and was born in Stark county, Ohio, and was united in marriage with Nancy Lieghley, also a native of Stark county. The marriage gave issue to the following children: Anthony B., Mary A., Susan, Samuel, Jeremiah, Sarah, Timothy and Cyntha. Anthony B. Younkman, the subject of this biography, was reared on a farm. After receiving a fair country school education, he was placed in Mt. Union college of his native county, where he completed a liberal education, both classical and scientific. In 1858, he began the study of medicine at Liberty Mills, Ind., under Dr. C. V. Lent, as preceptor, and later, Dr. W. B. Lyons of Huntington, became his successor. Later, he took a course of lectures in the Rush Medical college of Chicago, and in March, of 1878, graduated from the Ft. Wayne Medical college. He has had a wide experience in the practice of medicine, first beginning in 1865. In April of 1867, he located at Bremen, Ind., where he has since continued a very active and remunerative practice. He ranks among the leading physicians of northern Indiana, being a member of the county medical association, of the state society and of the American association. His marriage with Catherine Smith was consummated in 1858. The marriage has resulted in the birth of seven children, of whom the following survive: Sarah, Flora M. and Eva A. The doctor is a member of the Bremen lodge, No. 414, F. & A. M., and of the Plymouth chapter, No. 49, R. A., and in politics he is an uncompromising democrat.

George Zimmer, one of the oldest and best known citizens of German township, was born in Alsace, France (now Germany), December 17, 1825, and is one of the following children born unto George and Sophia (Windstind) Zimmer: Sophia, George, Christian, Catherine, Elizabeth, Louisa and Jacob. The parents were born in Alsace, where they were married, and emigrated to the United States in 1832. They first settled in Albany county, N. Y., removing thence to Stark county, Ohio, a few years later, where they resided till in the fall of 1841, when they, in company with four other families, came to Indiana, making their settlement in St. Joseph county, in the winter, or in the early part of 1842. The families came by way of wagon, and the first work was cutting the Mishawaka road, and then were built the log cabins that became the homes of the five pioneers who settled in the wilderness. Here our subject's father lived for a number of years, removing in later years to Bremen, where he died in 1874. The mother, who is now past ninety years of age, resides in Bremen. The parents were from early life, members of the German Lutheran church. Our subject was reared and educated on a farm, and worked on the farm with his father till he was past twenty-one years of age. He began life for himself as a hired hand at farm work. He worked for $12 and $13 a month till he had earned and saved up $200, to which his father added $100 as a reward for his faithfulness as a son. With this sum Mr. Zimmer purchased what is now his present farm in German township, and in 1850 he married and settled down in life on this place. He was united in marriage with Dorothea Koontz, born in Alsace, Germany, March 6, 1S30. Unto the above union there have been born the following children: William, Mary, John H.; Lucinda and Malinda, twinsand deceased; Tilda, Sarah, Adam and Clara. Mr. Zimmer's life occupation has been farming, and in his vocation he has been practical and successful. He and wife are zealous members of the Evangelical association as a church, and he is lay minister of his church. He is one of the representative and well respected citizens of German township, and since about 18S3 he has resided in Bremen living the life of a retired farmer.

Jacob Galbraith was born April 10, 1846, in Mifflin county, Penn. He is a son of Samuel Galbraith, who was born in the same state about the year 1813. Samuel Galbraith was married in Pennsylvania to Sarah Lougher, who bore him ten children.

viz.: Alexander, Samuel, John (deceased), Sarah J., Mary M., Thomas, Sarah E. (deceased). Shannon, Anna C. and Jacob, whose name introduces this sketch. The father resided in Pennsylvania until 1856, in the fall of which year he moved with his family to Miami county, Ind., for the purpose of purchasing land, which he was unable to do, owing to the failure of a bank in which the greater part of his money was deposited. With the small amount he had left he purchased a modest home in the village of Bunker Hill, and afterward farmed on rented land for a number of years. He subsequentlj? moved to his property in the town where he still lives, having reached the ripe age of seventy-seven years. Jacob Galbraith accompanied his parents to Miami county, Ind., and remained at home from his tenth to his seventeenth year, at which time he began learning the carpenter's trade. After becoming proficient in his chosen calling, he began contracting and building, first in Indiana and later in Illinois, and for some time was employed in a sash and door factory in the latter state. He returned to Miami county in 1873 and resumed his trade, which he continued with success for three years, when he opened a meat market in the town of Bunker Hill. He continued the latter business about two years, and then purchased a tract of land in Howard county, Ind., which he subsequently exchanged for 143 acres in Greene township in Marshall county, to which he at once removed, and upon which he still resides. Mr. Galbraith is essentially a self-made man, and from an humble beginning has, by strict attention to business, succeeded in building up a comfortable and prosperous home. His marriage, which was solemnized April 17, 1874, with Elizabeth Doufel, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Spangler) Doufel, has resulted in the birth of two children, viz.: William H. and Mellie P. Mr. Galbraith is a democrat in politics.

Amos Harman was born in Crawford county, Ohio, November II, 1846, and is one of the following children born to John B. and Elizabeth (Heckard) Harman: Jonas, Sarah, Michael, Daniel, Philip, Christina, Reuben (who as an Union soldier was killed at the battle of Murfreesboro, Tenn.), David, Mary, Amos, and Elizabeth. The father and mother were born in Dauphin county, Penn., he January 23, 1810, she August 26, 1808. They were married in their native county about 1S32, and about 1842, removed to Crawford county, Ohio, and in 1S56 became residents of Kosciusko county, Ind., where the mother died August q, 1881, and the father October 17, 1887. They were of Dutch descent, were members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and universally respected by all who knew them. Amos was reared on a. farm, educated in the country schools, and remained with his parents till he was united in marriage with Mary J. Munn, February 12, 1876. Mrs. Harman's maiden name was Lightle, and she was born in Hancock county, Ohio, January 23, 185 1. Her first marriage was consummated with Charles Munn, who died after two children were born. Mr. and Mrs. Harman's marriage has been blessed by the birth of three children: Etta M., William O., and Eva Fay. After their marriage they continued in Kosciusko county till 1S83, when they removed to Marshall county, where they have since resided. In 1872, Mr. Harman began school teaching, and up to 1886 taught fourteen successful winter terms. In 1886 he abandoned teaching altogether, and has since that time followed farming exclusively. As a farmer, he is one of the most successful ones in the county. He owns a fine and well-improved farm consisting of 260 acres in Green township, where he resides, and this he has gained through hard work and industry. He started out in life with no means, but has surmounted this obstacle and is now prosperous. In poHtics he is a staunch republican.

Jasper Milburn Lake, for whom this sketch is prepared, is a native of Marshall county, Ind.,born in Green township, May 21, 1850. His father and mother, Elisha and Lorrain (Norris) Lake were the parents of two children, beside himself, viz.: Wesley A. and Marquis L. Elisha Lake was born in Pennsylvania, in the year 1823, and at an early age removed to Rush county, Ind., where he remained for a limited period, moving thence to Marshall county, which was his home from 1850 until 1852. In the latter year he left his family, and with other spirits as adventurous as himself, joined the great army of gold-seekers, and went to California in quest of a fortune. He met with fair success in the mines and was absent from his family about twenty years. He returned home in 1872, and died four months later, his death occurring on the 20th of March, 1S73. Mrs. Lorrain Lake was born in Orange county, Vt., October 12, 1816, and was the daughter of John and Lydia (George) Norris. Her father, Asa George, was descended maternally from the well-known Wortley family of England, in whose veins some of the best blood of Great Britain flows. Jasper M. Lake remained with his parents until his twenty-third year, and was educated in the common schools. He early learned the carpenter's trade, in which he acquired great proficiency, and in 1873 went to Oregon and followed his chosen calling in that state principally as a bridge builder. He assisted in the construction of several large bridges, among which was the first wagon bridge across the Willamette river, and also the large bridge across a part of the San Francisco Bay, Cal. He remained in the west working on different bridges until 1875, at which time he returned to his home in Marshall count3^ and engaged in agricultural pursuits on the paternal homestead. Laura E. Price, daughter of Amos and Mary Price, became his wife in 1S79, to which marriage five children have been born, whose names are as follows: Nora E., Clara D., Orvin J., Orley C. and William G. Mr. Lake purchased portions of the farm at different times, until he now owns and cultivates 160 acres of highly improved land which is one of the best farms in Marshall county. Mr. Lake has taken considerable interest in political matters, and while not radical in his opinions, is a staunch and conscientious supporter of the republican party. In 1886, by the unanimous consent of his party friends in Green township he became candidate for the office of trustee, and such was the esteem in which he was held by the people that at the ensuing election he overcame a democratic majority of forty, and was triumphantly elected. In the discharge of the duties of his position, Mr. Lake's only ambition was to serve the people regardless of party, and so well did he accomplish this end that two years later he was re-elected by a largely increased majority. Since taking possession of the office of trustee he has made a record of which he may well feel proud, and which has met the approbation of the intelligent people of his township. Mr. Lake is a member of the Adventist church at Maxinkuckee.

Joseph N. Low was born in Wayne county, January 23, 183S, and is the son of John C. and Margaret (Ditmars) Low. The parents were married in New Jersey, November 10, 1822, and reared a family of ten children whose names' are as follows: Eliza J., Margaret A., Christine S., Abraham, Peter D., Levi, Joseph M., Sarah E., Cornelia and John C. The father, who was a practical and successful farmer, was born in New Jersey, October 21, 1797, moved to Ohio in 1837, thence to Marshall county, Ind., in 1848, where his death occurred December 13, 1871. Joseph N. Low was reared to agricultural pursuits, attended the countr}- schools at intervals, and remained with his parents until his marriage September 13, i860. His wife, whose maiden name was Sarah A. Thompson, daughter of John and Sarah tF"aegan) Thompson, has borne him the following children: Lloyd (deceased), Fairie E., C.Ellsworth, Lillie M., William E. (deceased), Emma C, Junietta, Welcome J. and Sarah M. At the breaking out of the late civil war Mr. Low entered the army, enlisting in the Ninth Illinois cavalry, being at the time a resident of that state. His regiment was actively engaged in man}' of the successful and bloody battles of the war, in all of which Mr. Low bore a brave and gallant part. He was mustered out of the service December 10, 1864, and, on leaving the army, returned to Marshall county and engaged in farming, which has since been his occupation, and in which he has been ver}^ successful. He owns a well-improved farm in Greene township, is a member of Lafayette Gordon post, No. 132, G. A. R., of Argos, and in politics is an earnest supporter of the republican part}-.

Andrew Marshall, a native of Indiana, was born June 8, 1825, and is the son of James and Margaret (Morrison) Marshall. James and Margaret Marshall reared a family of nine children, whose names are as follows: James (deceased), Hugh (deceased), Robert, Andrew, Joseph (deceased), Esther, James (deceased), William and Sarah. The father was a native of Virginia, but early left that state, immigrating to Indiana and locating in Fayette county about the year 1S16. He was a farmer by occupation and resided in the county and state of his adoption until his death in 1S52. Andrew Marshall remained with his parents until attaining his majority, at which time he began life for himself as a farmer in his native county. In .1850 he was united in marriage to Louisa Hill, who bore him one child, Louisa. After a brief season of wedded life Mr. Marshall was called upon to suffer the loss of his companion, who died within five months after he began farming for himself. Mr. Marshall subsequently returned to his father's home in Fayette, and there remained until 1856, when his second marriage was solemnized with Nancy Reed, a union blessed with the birth of four children, viz.: Eugene, Margaret, Jessie and James. In 1872 Mr. Marshall was again left a widower, and remained so until 1876, when he married his present wife, whose maiden name was Margaret Morgan. About this time he purchased a farm of seventy-two acres in Green township, Marshall county, where he still carries on agricultural pursuits, being classed with the successful farmers of the community in which he resides. He is one of the progressive citizens of the township, an unswerving democrat in politics, as were also his father and grandfather before him.

Elijah McElfresh is a native of Holmes county, Ohio, and dates his birth from the 29th day of October, 1837. His father and mother, William and Sarah (Allison) McElfresh, were the parents of six children, viz.: The subject of this sketch, Elizabeth, Benjamin, Ellen A., Martha and Nancy A. William Mc- Elfresh was a native of Virginia and of Scotch descent. He became a resident of Holmes county, Ohio, and was married to Sarah Allison in 1835, and in 1843 he came to Indiana, and purchased 100 acres of land in Fulton county, upon which he lived until his death, September 15, 1873. Elijah McElfresh grew to manhood on the farm, attended the country schools at intervals during his minority, and began life for himself in his native state. Thinking the west afforded better opportunities for a young man than the older neighborhoods of the east, he spent a number of years mining in California and Nevada, meeting with but indifferent success in his quest of a fortune. In 1S66 he returned to his home in Fulton county, Ind., and resumed farming, which he carried on there until his removal to Marshall county, in 1869. On coming to this county, Mr. McElfresh purchased 100 acres of land in Greene township, where he is now considered one of the substantial citizens of the community. He was married on the 29th of May, 1869, to Rachel, daughter of John A. and Rachel Davis, of Fulton county, Ind. Politically, Mr. McElfresh is an unswerving supporter of the republican party; as a citizen, is intelligent and public spirited, and all movements for the general welfare find in him an honest supporter. He takes an active interest in educational enterprises, and is justly ranked among the enterprising citizens of Green township.

John W. Price was born June 18, 1845, i" Holmes county, Ohio, and is the son of John and Hannah (Manning) Price. He remained under the parental roof until his seventeenth year, when, on account of impaired health, he was compelled to leave school, after which he went on a visit to Michigan, thence to Ohio, for the purpose of regaining in some degree his exhausted physical powers. This was in 1862 when the country was thrown into excitement by the great war between the states. Actuated by a patriotic desire to serve his country, young Price responded to the call for volunteers, and enlisted December 26, of the above year, in the One Hundred and Twenty-third Ohio regiment, at Sandusky, being one of five who left his uncle's family for the front, and the only one that returned at the close of the war. He was mustered into the service at Cumberland, Ohio, January 7, 1863, and thence went with his command up the Shenandoah valley to Lynchburg, his regiment being in the corps commanded by Gen. Thomas. The first engagement in which he participated was at Lynchburg, and subsequently he was with his regiment in all its varied experiences in the Virginia campaigns. He bore a gallant part in a number of bloody engagements, and in the latter part of the war did skirmish duty up and down the valley of the Shenandoah. As already stated Mr. Price was in indifferent health on entering the army, and his constant exposure during the campaigns in which he took part added to his disability, so that at one time he was compelleci to accompan}' his regiment in an ambulance, not being able to march on foot. With an energy born of patriotism he determined to remain with his regiment, which he did until the surrender of Lee, when he was taken to the hospital at Sandy Hook, Md. The regiment to which he belonged was mustered out of service June 12, 1865, at Camp Chase, near Columbus, Ohio, John Price being reported dead. His comrades all believed him dead, but they were happily disappointed when on the 28th of June he appeared at his captain's headquarters and demanded his discharge. ,On leaving the army he returned to Ohio, and made his home with his uncle until the following autumn, at which time he rejoined his father's family in Marshall county, Ind., where he remained two years recuperating his health and assisting with the farm work in the meantime. He subsequently purchased an interest in a threshing machine, which he operated successfully during certain seasons, and also became largely interested in horses, which he purchased for the local and general markets. January ii, 1873, Mr. Price was united in marriage to Miss Phcebe Voreis, daughter of Abraham and Clarissa (Morris) Voreis, and to this union have been born two children, Robert T. and Laura M. After his marriage he engaged in farming upon 120 acres of land, which he had previously bought, and upon which he still lives, having added to his original purchase until at present he owns 267 acres, the greater part of which is in a successfal state of cultivation. Mr. Price is a member of the I. O. O. F. lodge, 263, at Argos, and is an active worker in Lafayette Gordon post. No. 132, G. A. R. Politically he is an unswerving republican, and in religion is an earnest member of the Methodist church, as is also his wife.

Corban Spencer, for whom this sketch is prepared, was born in Holmes county, Ohio, December 29th, 1840, the son of Nathan and Mary (Foltz) Spencer, both natives of Pennsylvania. He was reared on a farm, received his educational training in the common schools, and early chose agriculture for his occupation. Shortly after attaining his majority the great civil war broke out, and on the first day of February, 1S62, he enlisted as a private in the Forty-eighth Indiana volunteers, with which he served gallantly until his discharge, February ist, 1865. During his period of service he participated in two engagements, which were luka and Corinth, Miss. At Corinth, October 4, 1862, he received a severe gun-shot wound in the breast, and to-day carries in his flesh the bullet which so nearly cost him his life. He was a brave and gallant soldier, and during his three years' service in defense of the national Union he made a record of which he feels deservedly proud. At the close of the war he returned to Marshall county, which he has since made his home. He is a member of the Lafayette Gordon post. No. 132, G. A. R., of Argos, and in politics is an unswerving supporter of the republican party. Martha J. Johnson, whom he married on the 15th day of March, 1868, is a daughter of William and Martha (Flack) Johnson, early settlers of Marshall county. Mr. and Mrs. Spencer have a family of five children, whose names are as follows: William A., Cora M., Frank M., Pearly D. and Frederick.

Ross Thornburg, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Pennsylvania, in 1788, and grew to manhood in that state. He was a man of intelligence and culture, and for some years followed the profession of teaching with marked success. When quite a young man he moved from Pennsylvania to Knox county, Ohio, and was there united in marriage to Jane Highlands. He subsequently lived at different places, finally locating at Van

Wert county, Ohio, where his death occurred in December 20, 1864. Harvey Thornburg, the subject of this mention, was born July 22, 1834, in Hohnes county, Ohio, and while still a youth removed with his parents to Van Wert, Ohio, where he remained until his twenty-fourth year. He was reared on a farm, received his educational training in the country schools, and on the nth day of November, 185S, was married to Mary Jane Rodgers, daughter of James and Mary (Chess) Rodgers. After following agricultural pursuits in Van Wert county about four years, Mr. Thornburg came to Marshall county, Ind., and bought the farm upon which he still resides, in Greene township, having added to his original purchase from time to time, until he is now the owner of 760 acres of fine land, upon which are some of the best improvements in the county. He is one of the representative farmers of this part of the state as well as one of the most successful, his farm property being valued at over $50,000. In July, 1886, he suffered a serious loss by fire, in which a large beautiful barn containing 1,500 bushels of wheat, 1,000 bushels of corn, 600 bushels of oats, 100 tons of hay, five valuable horses, and a large part of the building material for his new residence, were entirely consumed, the loss aggregating $5,000. Politically Mr. Thornburg is a representative democrat of the old school, though not a partisan in the sense of seeking office. Mr. and Mrs. Thornburg have a family of four children, viz.: Francis A., Celestion E., Jennie M. and Willis W.

James Vermillion, the subject of this sketch, is a native of Jefferson county, Ohio, and one of three children born to John and Rebecca (McGrew) Vermillion. The other two children were daughters, Mary and Nancy. John Vermillion spent his youthful days in the state of Ohio, and was by occupation a farmer. He died in Jefferson county, Ohio, in 1841. James Vermillion was born on the gth day of March, 1845, and at the early age of three years, lost his father, after which he was taken by his mother to Marshall county, Ind., where she purchased land and engaged in gardening. Mrs. Vermillion subsequently married Christopher Mossman, and removed to his farm in Fulton county, where her death occurred in 1S56. Left an orphan at the early age of eleven years, James Vermillion was thrown entirely upon his own resources, and until his seventeenth year, worked at different occupations in Marshall and Fulton counties. In 1S62, with a laudable desire to enter his country's service, he became a volunteer in Twelfth Indiana cavalry, at Plymouth, and was mustered into the service, February, 1S63, at Kendalville, being at the time but a mere boy of seventeen. He was with his command throughout the Kentucky and Tennessee campaigns, participated in a number of hard fought battles, including among others, Murfreesboro, siege of Mobile, New Orleans, and was honorably discharged

December, 1865. On leaving the army, Mr. Vermillion returned to Marshall county, and worked upon a farm until 1868, when he went to Kansas, in which state and the Cherokee nation he remained until 1872. In April of the latter 3'ear, he returned to Marshall county, and on the loth day of the following October, was united in marriage with Miss Eliza A. Price, daughter of Jonah and Hannah (Manning) Price, to which union the following children have been born, viz.: Charles C, Perry E., Minnie B., Albert L., Lawrence O. and Marietta. For about eighteen months after his marriage, Mr. Vermillion resided in the village of Walnut, and at the end of that time moved to Tiosa, Fulton county, where he remained for a limited period, subsequently returning to Marshall county and taking possession of the Price farm, which he operated about three years. Fie then purchased a beautiful farm of eighty acres in Green township, upon which he still resides. Mr. Vermillion is a substantial citizen, a republican in politics and although not a member of any church organization, he is a friend and liberal patron of all moral and religious movements.

Thomas L. Voreis, an enterprising and prosperous citizen of Green township, is one of seven children born to James and Elizabeth (Pollard) Voreis, and dates his birth from the 22nd day of February, 1S48, his nativit}' being Marshall county, Ind. The father was born February 2nd, 1806, and was the son of Abraham and Elizabeth (Downing) Voreis. The following are the names of the children born to Abraham and Elizabeth Voreis: Sophia, Margaret, Jeremiah, Nancy, Rachel, Sarah, John, James, Abraham, David arid Francis. Abraham Voreis was a native of New Jersey and a farmer by occupation. He earl}' settled in Pennsylvania, thence moved to Ohio and lastly came to Indiana, locating in Rush county, about the year 1832. James Voreis, father of the subject of this mention, was married January 15th, 1831, to Elizabeth Pollard, by whom he had the following children: William, Elizabeth, Malinda, Samantha, Jonas, Thomas L., George W. Mr. Voreis farmed in Rush county until 1836, at which time he came to Marshall county and settled upon 120 acres of land which he had previously purchased from the government. He is still living, being one of the oldest citizens of the county at this time. Thomas L. Voreis was reared and educated on a farm, and remained with his parents until his twenty-first year when he began life upon his own responsibility. March 7th, i86q, he married Harriet S., daughter of Aden and Elizabeth (Morris) Clevenger, who has borne him the following children: Howard E., Nora M. and James A. (deceased). After his wife's death Mr. Voreis was for some time unsettled in life, traveling from place to place, principally in the west. Later he returned to his home and on the 26th of 24-B.

June, 1879, he was united in marriage to Mrs. Hattie De Line, daughter of Henry and Hannah (Winklepleck) Warnes. Since his second marriage Mr. Voreis has continued on his farm in Greene township and is one of the thrifty farmers of this part of the county. He is a democrat in politics, and as such was elected trustee in iSqo, being the present incumbent of that office. In addition to this position he was for four years deputy sheriff of Marshall county, during which time he resided in Plymouth. Fraternally he is a member of Plymouth lodge. No. 139, F. & A.M.

Conspicuous among the prosperous farmers of Green township is Franklin Worthington, a native of La Porte countj', Ind., where he was born on the loth day of October, 1S4S. When seven years of age he was brought by his parents to Marshall county, and spent the years of his youth and early manhood upon a farm one mile west of the town of Argos. He attended the schools of that village in which he gained a good practical English education. At the age of twenty he began life for himself, and in partnership with his brother George operated a farm for about two years in La Porte county. May 30th, 1S70, he married Minerva Jordan, daughter of Benoni and Julia O. (Boggs) Jordan, and for two and a half years thereafter continued farming in La Porte county, moving at the end of that time to within a short distance of Argos in Marshall county. He subsequently acquired an interest in his father-in-law's place, and with his brother, T. J. Worthington, purchased the balance of the farm, consisting of 112 acres, upon which he lived about one year. He then exchanged his interest with his brother for forty acres of land opposite where he now resides, and immediately thereafter moved to his father's old homestead where he lived for a short time. He afterward traded a farm in La Porte county for the place which he now owns in Green township, consisting of 138 acres of fine land situated within one mile of a good market, and valued at $So per acre. Mr. Worthington is an energetic citizen, a firm believer in the principles of the democratic party, and although adhering to no church or creed takes an active interest in all movements having for their object the moral welfare of the community. The following are the names of the children born to Mr. and Mrs. Worthington: Josie, Matilda, Benoni, James and Kate.

David Zehner, a native of Schuylkill county, Penn., was born June 5, 1830, and is a son of Solomon and Salena (Hoppis) Zehner. The father was born in the above county and state in 1803, and was a son of David Zehner, whose father, Adam Zehner, came from Germany in the time of the colonies, and settled in one of the eastern states. In an early da}? Solomon Zehner became a settler of Wayne county, Ind., where he oper- ated a flouring mill for several years. He was also a farmer, to which occupation he gave the latter years of his life. He died in the year 1852. David Z<=hner was reared to farm and mill work, and remained under the parental roof until his father's death, after which he and his brother took charge of the mill. Later his brother became sole proprietor of the mill, and David purchased a store at Wolf Creek, which he subsequently disposed of. November, 1857, he was united in marriage to Elizabeth, daughter of James and Elizabeth Voreis, who were early settlers at Marshall county. Soon after his marriage he engaged in farming, and later, in partnership with his brother, operated a saw-mill successfully for several years. He afterward became interested in a foundry, at Plymouth, which was destroyed by fire, incurring a very heavy loss. On the 17th day of May, 1872, Mrs. Zehner died, and in February, 1875, he married for a second wife. Savannah Hubel, who departed this life December 6, 1876. To his first marriage were born the following children: John W., Saloma (deceased), Thomas M., David, James L. and Eva M. On the 14th day of October, 1877, Mr. Zehner married his third wife, whose name was Mary J. White, a union blessed with the birth of the following children: Mary C, Lawrence C, Clarence L., Bertha, Daisy and Adam. At this time Mr. Zehner is engaged in farming, in connection with which he also carries on the lumber business, operating a saw-mill in this county. He is a practical and successful farmer and miller, and ranks with the prosperous citizens of Green township. He held the office of trustee for three terms, is a democrat in politics, and a member of the Lutheran churth.

North Townshh'

Prominent among the self-made men of North township is Hiram Baker, who is the fourth of the family of five children, three sons and two daughters, born to Isaac and Rebecca Baker. The father was born in Virginia in 1794, and the mother was a native of Ohio, born in 1798. The father of Isaac Baker was Abraham Baker, who came from England, with his parents, prior to the war of the revolution, in which struggle he and his six brothers participated, he being the onl}^ one who lived to return home. At the close of the revolution, Abraham Baker settled in Ohio, in which state he married and reared two sons, John and Isaac. Isaac Baker secured a good education, taught school for a number of years, and afterward became a practicing physician. His first wife died in Jackson county, Ohio, in 1821, and he subsequently married Jemima Corham, who bore him twelve children, six sons and six daughters. After remaining in Ohio some years he came to Henry county, Ind., where he en- tered land and lived the life of a pioneer, practicing his profession among the early settlers of that part of the state. He was a man of prominence in the community where he resided, a consistent member of the Christian church, and died in 1872, at the age of seventy-eight years. Hiram Baker was born in Jackson county, Ohio, August 6, 1819, and is the youngest of three children now living, all of whom now reside in North township. When six years of age he was taken by his parents to Henry county, Ind., where he grew to manhood on a farm, and upon attaining his majority, began life for himself, choosing the pursuit of agriculture. He became a resident of St. Joseph county in 1840, and there learned the blacksmith trade with his brother, John Baker, and after working at the same about two years, he and another brother, Abraham, engaged in farming, which they followed for some time. In the fall of 1844 Mr. Baker came to North township, Marshall county, and purchased 120 acres of land, which he at once began to improve, and which he soon had under a successful state of cultivation. February 3, 1846, he married Eliza Ann Powers, who came with her parents, Jacob and Nancy (Lynn) Powers, to this county in 1836. Mr. and Mrs. Powers were natives of New Jersey and Westmoreland county, Penn., respectively; the former born March 28, 1778, and the latter, December 23, 1782. They were married March 4, 1800, and came to this state from Butler county, Ohio. Mr. Powers became a large land owner in La Porte county. He removed to Crawfordsville in 1838, and died there the following year. His widow returned to North township and resided here until her death, July 17, 1847. She was the mother oT eleven children, only two of whom are now living. Soon after his marriage Mr. Baker exchanged his original purchase for 160 acres of land near the site of Linkville, which he disposed of in 1865, and purchased his present farm of 184 acres, where he has since resided. Mr. Baker is a prominent farmer, a. deservedly popular citizen, and occupies a conspicuous place among the successful farmers and stock-raisers of Marshall county. Seven children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Baker, viz.: Enoch B., Nancy J. (dedeased),John F., Sarah L. (deceased), and three who died in infancy, unnamed. Mr. Baker cast his first presidential vote for Martin Van Buren, but since that time has supported the republican party. He and wife are members of the Wesleyan Methodist church.

A well-known old pioneer of Marshall county is Abraham Baker, who is a native of Indiana, born in Jackson county, March 11, 181 7, being the second son and oldest child now living of Isaac Baker, who was among the early settlers of this state. Abraham Baker grew to manhood in Henry county, to which part of the state he was taken when but eight years old. Like

Other boys of that period, his early days were spent in hard labor as the country was then new, and required constant effort in order to be brought to a state of cultivation. He experienced in full measure the vicissitudes of pioneer life, and well remem-. bers the time when he spent from fourteen to twenty consecutive days in log rolling, and often went several miles to assist the early settlers in erecting their cabins. He moved to St. Joseph county in 1S41, and in 1S43 purchased eighty acres of land in Marshall county, a part of which he cleared the following year, but to which he did not move as a permanent resident, however, until 1845. During the early days of the county, Mr. Baker was a noted hunter, and often went as far north as the big woods of Michigan in quest of game. He well remembers the time when bear, deer, wild turkey, and other large game were plentiful, while the Indians with whom he frequently went upon the hunt, were quite numerous. Mr. Baker located upon his present farm in 1851, and has since been a well-known resident of North township. He was married in the latter year to Miss Sarah Abshire, a native of Michigan, and daughter of Absalom Abshire. To this union ten children have been born, seven now living, viz.: Ellen, wife of James Wade; Hester, wife of John Anders; Martha, wife of William Hill; Thomas, William, and James M.

Moses Beyler was born January 10, 1S59, and is the second son and sixth child of Jacob and Ann E. ( Berger) Bender. Moses Beyler is a native of Marshall county, in which all of his life has been passed. He was educated in the schools of Bremen, and on the 27th day of January, 1881, was united in marriage to Matilda Zimmer, who'was born in this county November 22, i860, the daughter of George and Dorothy (Kuntz) Zimmer, both parents natives of Germany. This union has been blessed with the birth of three children, viz.: Alvin, born October 11, 1881; Ada E., October 7, 1885, and Lillie A., March 10, 1888. After his marriage Mr. Beyler moved to the farm where he now lives, which contains 160 acres. This is one of the well improved places of the township, and Mr. Beyler is justly entitled to mention among the representative citizens of this community. He and wife are both members of the Wesleyan church.

The subject of the accompanying sketch is Albert Bohmer, a well-known farmer and stock-raiser, of North township, who was born in Bavaria, Germany, April 2Sth, 1842, the fifth in a family of thirteen children, eight sons and five daughters, born to Conrad and Barbara Bohmer. Mr. Bohmer spent the first fifteen years of his life in his native country, attended school until his mother's death, after which he worked upon a farm and contributed his share toward the support of the family. He came to the United States in 1857, and after working upon a farm for some time, learned the miller's trade, which he followed for a limited period and then began learning the saddlers' trade in Logansport, Ind., at which city the parents located on coming to this country. At the age of nineteen, he entered the army, enlisting August 14, i86i,in Company B, First battalion Nineteenth United States infantry, which was mustered at Indianapolis, and assigned to McCook's division, army of the Ohio, and later army of the Cumberland. Briefly stated, the following is a review of Mr. Bohmer's military experience: First engagement, battle of Shiloh, after which he participated in the siege of Corinth, followed the rebel Gen. Bragg to Louisville, was in an engagement near Harrodsburg, intercepting Gen. Kirby Smith, thence to Nashville, taking part in the battles of Stone River, Chickamauga, Chattanooga, at which place he did active duty until the battle of Lookout Mountain, in which he also participated; re-enlisted February 12, 1864; was with Sherman in the celebrated Georgia campaign, during which he took part in the battles of Resaca, New Hope Church and Kenesaw Mountain. Was wounded in the left forearm in June, 1864, after which was sent to field hospital at Big Sandy, and later transferred to Fort Wayne, near Detroit, Mich., as convalescent, where he remained until October, 1865; was then sent to Newport Barracks, and in March, 1866, was sent to Little Rock, Ark., where he was then a member of the Nineteenth United States infantry band; was sent to Fort Gibson to furnish music for the frontier post; went to New Mexico with wagon train; returned to Little Rock, Ark., by way of Fort Smith, Ark.; was finally discharged February 12, 1867, after serving five years and six months, the longest term of any enlisted man in Marshall county. After his discharge he returned to his home in Logansport, and resumed his trade, and in October, 1867, moved to Winnamac, Ind., where, the year following he accepted a clerkship in a dry goods house, in which capacity he continued fifteen months. In March, 1869, he again engaged in the saddlery business, and after continuing the same for one year, sold out and began farming in Marshall county, locating near Lake Maxinkuckee, where he lived nine years. In the fall of 18S0 he became a resident of North township, moving upon the place where he has since resided. Mr. Bohmer was married November g, 1868, to Catherine Overmeyer, daughter of Lucas and Mary (Burkett) Overmeyer, to which union five children were born, three living, viz.: Marion, Anna and Emma. Mrs. Bohmer died April, 1880, aged twenty-seven years, and on January 19, 1881, Mr. Bohmer married his present wife, Mrs. Elizabeth (Ferguson) Saltenright, daughter of Pleasant Ferguson, of North township, Mrs. Bohmer was born February 14, 1845, married David Saltenright September 12, 1869, by whom she had three children: Emma, Harland and Lunetta. Mr.

Saltenright died February 3, 1876. By her present marriage Mrs. Bohmer has two children, Clara J. and Ada E.. Mr. and Mrs Bohmer are members of the Wesleyan Methodist church. He is a staunch supporter of the republican party. Mr. Bohmer's parents, Conrad and Barbara (Weirermiller) Bohmer, were both natives of Bavaria, Germany, and came to the United States in- 1857. He was by occupation a weaver, and followed that trade after coming to America. His first wife died in March, 1853, and in 1S55, he married Miss Wolf, who accompanied him to America. He afterward engaged in farming, and died May 16, 1866, at the age of sixty-two years.

D. S. Conger, a former well-known resident and pioneer settler of North township now retired, was born in Butler county, Ohio, November gth, 1810, the son of David and Eve (Troutman) Conger, natives respectively of New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The family moved to Butler county, Ohio, in an early day, and the father served in the war of 181 2. Mrs. Conger died in the year 1824, and four years later Mr. Conger married Miss Mary Taner, who survived him many years, having lived to be over ninety years of age. David Conger died in the year 1848. His father, Designa Conger, was a native of New Jersey, and a soldier in the war of the revolution. David Conger reared a family of nine children, all by the first wife, four of whom are now living, viz.: The subject of this mention, David J., of Shelby county, Ind.; John T., of the same county, and William A., of Knox county. 111. D. S. Conger grew to manhood in Butler count}', Ohio; remained with his parents until twenty-one years of age, at which time he started in life for himself as a farmer. He was married in 1831 to Sarah, daughter of Jacob and Nancy (Linn) Powers, who was born in Butler county, Ohio, Februruary 7th, 1810. Two years after his marriage Mr. Conger came to Indiana, and located near Logansport, Cass county, settling upon land which he had previously purchased and upon which he resided until his removal to Marshall county in 1836. On coming to this county he located a farm in what is now North township, in which part of the county his father-in-law also moved, the two families having been among the pioneer settlers. Mr. Conger's life was that of nearly all early settlers in a new country, and he experienced in full measure the many hardships and trials incident to clearing and developing homes in the forest. He cleared three farms in Indiana, and still owns a fine place in North township, from which he retired in 1878, moving to Plymouth, where he is now passing his declining years in retirement. Mr. Conger has filled several official positions, having been trustee of North township for fifteen years, and also cornmissioner of the county for one term. He is a republican in politics, voted in 1836 for Gen. Harrison, and also cast his ballot for him in 1840. Of Mr. Congers children, three are living at this time: David, of New Albany; William, on the homestead; and Mary Jane, wife of John H. Chase, of Plymouth. Mr. and Mrs. Conger are members of the Baptist and Methodist churches, respectively.

William H. Conger, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of Marshall county, born in North township, October 24th, 1842, and is a son of D. S. and Sarah (Powers) Conger. Paternally he is descended from Scotch ancestry, the Conger family having come to America prior to the revolution, in which struggle his greatgrandfather bore a distinguished part. The parents were both natives of Ohio, born in Butler county. The early life of our subject was passed on the farm, and he attended the common schools in which he obtained an education that enabled him to follow the teacher's profession for some time in his native township. He remained at home until attaining his majority', and afterward, in partnership with an older brother, D. J. Conger, engaged in the lumber business, which he continued until March, 1865, when he entered the army, enlisting in Company I, One hundred and Fiftj'-fifth Indiana volunteers, with which he served until honorably discharged at Indianapolis. While in the service he was detailed as company clerk, and also acted as regimental clerk and assistant adjutant. Returning to Plymouth, August, 1865, he at once resumed the lumber business, which he followed until the spring of 1868, when he disposed of his interests and moved to his present home in North township, where he 'has since given his attention to farming and stock-raising. He has a fine grain farm of 120 acres, and also manages his father's homestead, his real estate being among the most valuable in this part of the county. He is an active worker in the republican party, and belongs to the Masonic fraternity, and also to the G. A. R. Miss Lottie A. Smith, who was born in Orange county, N. Y., became his wife, December 26th, 1867. Mrs. Conger was born July 30th, 1846, and is the daughter of J. N. and Catherine C. (Chase) Smith, both parents natives of New York, the father of Irish, and the mother of English, descent. Mr. and Mrs. Conger have four children, viz.: Harry E., Charles H., Raj- E. and Effie M.

The subject of this sketch is P. N. Cummins, who was born in North township, this county, February 18, 1841. His father, David Cummins, was one of two children born to Caleb and Silva (Corbin) Cummins, both natives of New York, and early residents of Indiana, having moved to Henry county about the year 1820. David Cummins came to Henry county in early childhood, and in 1834, became a resident of Marshall county. He married March 21, 1834, Miss Eliza Schroeder, who was born in Indiana, in the year 1817, Mr. Cummins having been born in New York, four years previous to that date. After their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Cummins settled in Marshall county, and later became residents of North township. Their daughter Mary A., born January 28, 1835, was perhaps the first child born in this territory, embraced in the present limits of this township. In 1852, Mr. Cummins located in section i6, and later purchased i6o acres in section 22, a part of which is now owned by the subject of this sketch. Here he improved a farm and became a leading citizen of the community. His first wife died in 1884, aged sixty-seven years, having been a consistent member of the Wesleyan church. Mr. Cummins is still living making his home with his son, P. N. Cummins, and is a well preserved man of seventy-seven years. His has been a very active life, and from a wilderness state he has seen North township developed into one of the best cultivated and most prosperous districts of northern Indiana. His family consisted of six children, viz.: Mary A., Nancy, Joel, Peter N., Marion and Sarah; the second, fourth and fifth are still living. Peter N. Cummins is purely a Marshall county man, having passed all of his life with the exception of the period spent in the service and one winter in Rochester, within its borders. His education was received in the country schools, and he began working for himself at the age of twentyone, but remained with his parents until the date of his marriage, which was consummated April 10, 1866, with Miss Amanda Ridgway, who was born in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, February 26, 1845, the oldest daughter of Jonathan and Mary (Link) Ridgway. These parents were both natives of Delaware, were married in Ohio, and came to Marshall county in 1865, locating at Linkville, where they accumulated handsome property. They reared a family of four children, viz: Mrs. Cummins, Mrs. Enoch Baker, Orlando and Richard. Mrs. Ridgway died in the year 1867, and Mr. Ridgway was afterward twice married, the second time to Mrs. Polly Ann Guard, and his third wife was Jane McBroom, who is still living. Mr. Cummins removed to his present home in the fall of 1866, since which time he has cleared and developed a fine farm from what was then an unbroken forest. He served in the late war, responding to the last call for volunteers in the spring of 1865, enlisting in Company H, One Hundred and Fifty-fifth regiment, from which he was honorably discharged the following June. In all of his relations in life, Mr. Cummins bears the reputation of an upright and honorable man, and as a prohibitionist takes an active part in political affairs. His family consists of two children, viz.: Carry D. and Allen B. George Eckert, dealer in general merchandise in Linkville, was born in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, October 24, 1862, and is the second son of John and Matilda Eckert, natives of Germany and Pennsylvania respectively. The father came to America a number of years ago, settling in Tuscarawas county, where he was married, and in 1865, became a resident of Marshall county, Ind., locating at.Linkville, where he followed the trade of shoemaking. Later in life he turned his attention to farming, and died August, 18S9, aged sixty-four years. He was three times married, the last union resulting in the birth of six children, three sons and three daughters. George Eckert came to this county when three years of age, and received his education in the common schools, working on the farm during his vacations. When twenty years of age, he invested a small amount of capital in notions, which he offered for sale in the village of Linkville, where his business soon increased to such an extent that a building became necessary. He erected a commodious structure in 1S86, in which he now carries a well ordered assortment of merchandise, and is in the enjoyment of a lucrative trade. He has increased his capital from time to time, and keeps in stock all the goods required by the general trade, and by studj'ing the wants of his patrons, has become a very popular and successful merchant. He was married December 26, 1866, to Emma, daughter of Lewis and Catherine (Hoskins) Davis, who has borne him one child, Floyd P., whose birth occurred February 29, 1888. Mrs. Eckert was born in Hancock county, Ohio, and came to this county in 1878. Mr. and Mrs. Eckert are members of the Wesleyan church.

Joseph E. Emerson, a well-known old resident of Marshall county, was born in what is now Lake county, Ohio, March iS, 1818. His father, Elijah Emerson, was the son of Jesse Emerson, who took part in the war of the revolution, his first battle being the memorable engagement of Bunker Hill. He was a native of England, and belonged to one of the old Puritan families which came to America in the time of the colonies. Elijah Emerson was born in Massachusetts in the year 1775, in which state he married Miss Savilla Martin, and soon afterward settled in Ohio, where Mrs. Emerson died. He then married Mrs. (Bates) Gurney, who bore him four children: Joseph E., Savilla, Sylva and Violet. Mr. Emerson took part in the war of 1S12, and spent the greater part of his life on the frontier. He moved to Michigan in an early day, thence to Wood county, Ohio, and in 1838 immigrated to Indiana, and died in North township, Marshall county, in 1840. His wife died the fall of the previous j-ear near Rochester, Pulton county, where the family had stopped to pass the winter. The subject of this sketch assisted his father - in supporting the family, worked hard during the early years of his life, in consequence of which he enjoyed but limited educational advantages. L^pon reaching manhood's estate he came to Indiana with his father, with whom he remained until the latter's death, and afterward farmed for himself on rented land. In

1846 he purchased a part of his present farm to which he has since added, until he now owns 170 acres, the greater part of which is well improved. He also owns another farm three miles west of his home place, and is one of the well equipped farmers of his township. He was married December 14, 1842, to Miss Mary Jones, a native Fleming county, Ky., where she was born October ig, 1817. Mrs. Emerson came with her parents, John and Hannah (Swimm) Jones, to Indiana, locating near Indianapolis, thence later to Marshall county, in the fall of 1835. Eight children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Emerson, viz.: Elijah, John, Lydia (deceased), Mark, Sanford (deceased), George, Helen and Joseph. Mrs. Emerson died in 1877, having lived a consistent life as a member of the Advent church, to which Mr. Emerson also belongs. His two sons, Elijah and John, were soldiers m the late war, and his daughter is now living with him keeping house and looking after his interests.