Miami County, Indiana - Chapter 19: Peru, 1896 (part 1 of 2)

Chapter 19: Peru

"Ye Eastern men and ladies fair, Who wish to emigrate, If you do not like your country there Just come to the Hoosier State; And should you pass through Michigan, And not like Kalamazoo, Then push ahead - we know you can Find homes about Peru." - Peru Forester, July, 1837.

'Look now abroad: another race has filled These populous borders; wide the wood recedes, And towns shoot up, and fertile realms are tilled; The land is full of harvests and green meads; Streams numberless, that many a fountain feeds, Shine, disembowered, and give to sun and breeze Their virgin matins; the full region leads New colonies forth, that towards the western seas Spread like a rapid fame among the autumnal trees." - Bryant.

the junction of the Mississinewa with the Wabash, on Oct. 23, 1826, a A treaty was made between the Miami Indians and the United States. The old civil chief of the tribe, John B. Richardville, was granted several sections of land, along the Wabash, one of which was located where the original plat of Peru now is. Richardville and his wife, Peme-se-quah, signed a deed Aug. 18, 1827, conveying this section to Joseph Holman. The consideration was $500. One square rod would bring that much or more in some favorable locations now. And it is traditional that Holman did not pay all cash, but that a thrifty trade was worked in the bargain. He sold 210 acres of the east end of this section, Jan. 7, 1829, to William N. Hood, for the same sum that he had paid for the whole section. In February, 1827, four months after the treaty of 1826, John McGregor, built a little cabin on the west part of Richardville's section, and he has the credit of being the first permanent white settler in this county. Prior to this, traders and trappers had found temporary homes with tle Iadians, or erected their own tent or hut for a season, but McGregor was the first who came to found a home, and ''grow up with the country."

First Methodist Church

Joseph Holman was ambitious to found a town that would be the county seat of a new county, that would soon be formed out of Cass County, which then embraced a territory now including the counties of Cass, Miami, Wabash, Fulton, Marshall, Kosciusko, Elkhart and St. Joseph, and parts of La Porte, Starke and Pulaski. Mr. Holman employed David Burr as surveyor and platted a town on the southwestern part of his possessions on March 12, 1829, and it was recorded at Logansport July 15, 1830. The new town was called Miamisport. There were four streets running east and west, namely: Water, Jackson, Market and Canal; six running north and south, namely: Clay, Cherry, Produce, Maiv, Walnut and Richardville. In the plat there were provisions made fur a market place and a public square, and the lots were laid out 70x152} aud 70x160 feet. The business lots about the public Square were 53}x80 feet. The site of the town is now included by the follow ing boundaries in Peru: Main street on the North, Holman on the west, the river on the south and LaFayette street on the east. The eastern boundary of the site is five squares west of Broadway. Nearly all the houses of the town were of round, scutched or hewed logs and were located near the river. The subsequent location of the canal took most of the dwelling houses that were first erected.

Thus John McGregor soon found himself surrounded by neighbors, but the date and order of their settlement can not now be determined. John A. Graham says: ''About the time the town was laid off we find the names of Louis Drouillard, Benj. H. Scott, Andrew Marquiss, Isaac Marquiss, Abner Overman, Zephaniah Wade, Z. W. Pendleton. Walter D. Nesbit, and Joseph Holman ard Wm. N. Hood, the proprietors. Of course there were other persons who lived at this and other points in the county before its organization, who are equally entitled to share whatever fame attaches to being a first or early settler, but accident has not been so propitious in preserving their names.

«Joseph Holman built a cabin on the banks of the river, below Miamisport. and lived there until some years later, when he built the stone house standing near the corner of Main and Holman streets, and afterward, a comfortable frame dwelling on the site, on bis farm proper. Andrew Marquiss first started the tanyard at Miamisport, G. W. Holman - who owned the original Tillett eighty, and lived on it - becoming his successor.

«G. W. Holman, mindful of the soles of the early settlers, tanned their hides and furnished their leatber at this point, while John McGregor. equally thoughtful about their bodies, opened a tavern. He also looked after their letters as postmaster, and regulated their morals by holding the scales of the blind goddess in exact equipoise, as justice of the peace. Capt. Louis Drouillard was. one of the 'merchant priuces.' He lived at the east end of Water street, where he had a store for trade with the Indians, and supplied the modest wants of the people at low prices, and never dreamed of being offered

A silver pound To row us o'er the ferry,' which he kept at the point, for the price fixed by law was, for a man, six and a fourth cents, and a man and horse, twenty-five cents.

«Joseph Holman was the owner of the west and Wm. N. Hood of the, east half of the section, the division line, north and south, running about the east end of the Peru woolenmills."

In the spring of 1828 James Oldham moved from the Salamonie onto the Louis Godfroy Reserve, five miles below Peru, on the north bank of the Wabash, and in 1829, John W. Miller moved on the same section from Preble County, Ohio. Geo. Miller, his son, was born there in March, 1832, and is among the first white children born in the county. Joseph Oldham, now a resideut of Deer Creek Township, son of James Oldham, is among the oldest citizens, having come with his parents in 1828.

Walter D. Nesbit came in the spring of 1832 to Miamisport, voted there while our territory was attached to Cass, and was a voter in the county until his death in April, 1895.

Brief biographies of these patriarchs of the village would be interesting, but they died as humble pioneers, and very little is known of their history. Most prominent among them is Joseph Holman, the founder of the little village. He was a native of Kentucky, where he was born in 1788, and in 1820 came to Indiana and located in Wayne County. He was land commissioner at Fort Wayne during the administration of John Quincy Adams. He was an active politician and represented the counties of Cass and Allen in the legislature, when they included nearly all of the northeast part of the state, and was a delegate of the convention which framed our present constitution. He returned to Wayne County in 1839 and there died in 1872 at the age of eightyfour years.

William N. Hood, the founder of Peru, was a native of Ohio, born in 1791. In 1819 he located at Fort Wayne, where for a number of years he carried on a successful mercantile business. He moved to Miami County in 1831 and in 1836 represented Cass and Miami counties in the state legislature, and was again elected in 1838, but did not live to take his seat.

One of the most excentri¢ characters in the early history of the Wabash valley was Benjamin H. Scott, the first clerk of the Miami circuit court. He was raised in one of the very best families in Boston - ''the hub of the universe'' - and was capable of moving in the select society of that distinguished city. An inhereat love for the sea led him to be a sailor and he bacame an ofticer of a vessel. But his genius of eccentrivity, which at-times bordered on insanity, destined him to become one of the first settlers of a primative village among the Indians of the great west. He was all bone and sinew, capriciors at all times, 'spasmodic as an electrical machine." Of course such a disposition was not in barmony with his fellow men, and he was frequently in trouble He dressed oddly, wore great heavy boots, and tied his pants at the bottom with a string. A story used to be frequently told about Scott meeting the clergyman on the bridge He first told it himself. He was known to be a very close fisted man and when asked for alms or donation, never had any money. about him. But one day he was met on the bridge by a dignified clergyman, who in language that seemed to come from the sepulcher, asked yelled out that he had but a nickel and that he was keeping it to buy pills for himself. He rammed his long and bony fingers nervously about his capacious pockets and producing the coin, said: 'Take it, if I never have an operation." Scott was clerk of this county from its organization until June 6, 1848, when he was succeeded by James B. Fulwiler. He soon left for Boston, and, after a number of years, there died.

Walter D. Nesbit, wno lived in this county continuously from 1830 until his death in April, 1895, was a native of Ohio, born in April, 1811. He was somewhat of a romantic turn when a boy and anticipated a life in the wilds of Indiana. His father died when he was about six years old, and at the age of 19 he and his mother and a sister emigrated to the west and settled at Logansport. There were then three or four houses between Ft. Wayne and Miamisport, one at Wabash and one at the mouth of the Salmonie. They remained at Logansport two months, then moved to Miamisport. It was late in the fall of 1830 when they arrived, and they hastily erected a rude log shanty to protect them from the winter. There were then seven or eight families in the town. While this territory was embraced in th> County of Cass, he served as deputy sheriff. He was the first supervisor of this county and cut out Main street from the court house to the Stil! House branch, and afterwards east through Holman's field. In April, 1832, he was united in marriage to Miss Lonana Riley, and she is still living.

Of the other patriarchs of the village we know but little. Louis Drouillard lived here until his death, which occurred in 1847. He, as well as his neighbor pioneers. were frequently selected to sit on the jury. There were but few in the early days that were qualified to act as jurymen. Z. W. Pendleton, a tavern keeper, was somewhat of a character in the little village of Miamisport. He was then considered an accomplished violinist, and of course was the leading spirit at all country dances. He moved away at an early day and has not been heard of since. Andrew and Isaac Marquiss died at an early date in the history of Peru, and a number of their descendants are living in this county. J. W. Marquiss. a resident of Pipe Creek Township, was bora in Miamisport in 1831. Abner Overman, another patriarch of thw village, became the first treasurer of Miami County. He moved away some time in the forties.

The two most influential men in the early history of Miami County were Joseph Holman and William N. Hood. The latter was determined to found a town in the unbroken woods on his land east of Miamisport. A bitter strife grew us between the two men, which was the absrobing topic of that little community. Wm. M. Reyburn owned 200 acres west of Holman, and it is tradition that they were planning to build up the town in that direction. This hurried Hood's action, and in 1834 he employed Stevens Fisher, an engineer on the canal, to survey the plat for a new town on his land just east of Holman's. James I. Liston and Walter D. Nesbit helped carry the chains and set the stakes. Some one of the surveying'party asked Hood what he was going to call his town, and he replied that he didn't care, so it was a short name. A number of names were suggested and they finally agreed to call the new town

Hood's liberality was unbounded. Providing the county seat of the new county that was organized out of Cass County, would be locited on his jand, he offered a public square; to build a log jail equal to the one at Logansport; a two-story brick court house, forty feet square; to buy the blank books for the county; to give $125 towards a county fund. In addition he offered one lot free to each of the churches, wherever they might choose, and' also one to any skilled mechanic who would tocate in the town and to the first merehants, lots at very low prices, To the families that lived in Miamisport, he gave lots free, providing they would build on the lots and move there. These promises were all fulfilled and his liberal and energetic measures accomplished their purpose. The county seat was moved to Peru, which has since grown far beyond and includes the plat of Miamisport. 'By this decision. a bright young life, full of hope and promise, was forever blighted, and when the playful south wind of that direful day, on which the doom of Miamisport was sealed, crossed at the ferry, as was its want, and looked in at the taverr and disported itself in frisky gyrations through the tanyard and found no sympathetic response to its merry gambols, it was filled with sorrow and crept away to the surrounaing forests to chant the mournful monody of the stricken town:

Soon after Peru was platted, Hood enlisted additional influence by selling one-third of his land to Ricbard L. Britton, a man of considerable wealth in those days, and one-third to Jesse L. Williams, one of the leading civil engineers of the west. The deeds of transfer were made on July 26, 1834, and each paid $3,000 for his interest. A letting of a portion of the canal and the building of the dam and feeders, was made this month at Peru, and quite a crowd of speculators and men of means were attracted here. The proprietors of the to ¢n took advantage of this and made their first sale of lots.

The lots sold readily. those near the canal bringing the highest price. The canal trade, the Indian traffic, and the prospects of the little vilage becoming a flourishing city attracted a swarm of enterprising business men.

The First Settlers

THE FIRST SETTLERS of Peru were for the most part educated in the east. They were men and women of culture and refinement. Full of life and hope they had come to cast their: fortunes in a new country. Such a settlement was bound to flourish. In the summer of 1834, three business houses and a number of dwellings were erected. 'he first residence within the original plat was a large double hewed log house, erected by Dr. James T. Liston, on the corner of Second and Cass streets, opposite where Pliny Crume now lives. James B. Fulwiler, Bearss & Cole and Alexander Wilson all began to build business rooms at about the same time in 1834, and they were completed that year ready for occupancy. Fulwiler's store was located on the corner of Broadway and Third streets where the Blue drug store now is; Bearss & Cole where the post office pte was north of the alley on the west side of Broadway, between Second and Third streets; Wilson where the old Wallace livery stable is. C. R. Tracy that year erected a dwelling on west Canal street, in the front room of which he kept astore. Mr. Fulwiler paid $175 tor his lot, and the ground to day would be worth about $4,000. Daniel Bearss gave $150 for the lot 60x132 fee on the corner, where the Bearss House now stands.

Prior te the opening of the canal from Ft. Wayne to this point, the merchants had great difficulty in obtaining their goods. They were hauled by teams of horses or oxen from Cincinnati or Dayton, over primitive roads to their destination. Great hopes were entertained of steamboat navigation up the Wabash to this point. Two or three boats reached here from Cincinnati in the spring when the water was high leaded with goods, but they were liable to strand on their return.

During the year, 1835, a good many residences were built and several business rooms. The most notable event of this year to the people of the little village occured en the 4th ef July. It was the first Fourth of July celebration they ever had and no doubt was one of the biggest that Peru has ever seen. It was well advertised, especially by the traders among the Indians, whose presence was solicited. Nearly every Indian in the nation came, on horseback. dressed in gorgeous colored garments wrought in beads, and they marched about the town and through the woods in single file, makiag a most remarkable demonstration. James B. Fulwiler delivered the address on the occasion, and when the whites would applaud, the Indians sent out a yell that would reverberate through the woods and fairly ripple the waters on the Wabash.

The Year Of 1837 The Market Report

THE YEAR OF 1837 is one of the most memorable in the history of this city. The Wabash and Erie canal was completed ready for traffic to Peru in July of this year, and industries at once began to spring into existance. East of the town, adam in the Wabash and a feeder to the canal, was completed. Extensive mills that were being built went into opperation in the fall. We learn from the files of the Peru Forester, a newspaper which was establish in the spring of 1837, by Samuel Pike, that the population of the county was estimated to be 4000 whites and between eight and nine hundred Indians. Peru then contained one hun dred good buildings mostly frame, seven drygoods and one grocery store, three taverns, one cabinet maker, one tinner, one saddler, one tailor, one lawyer, three physicians, two blacksmiths, two shoemakers, one echairmaker, two bricklayers, four milliners, eight carpenters and joiners, three churches, a college, a newspaper and about 500 inhabitants. THE MARKET REPORT, per barrel. 3. Corn meal - New just coming in at 75 cts, to $1 per bushel. 4. Beef - Plenty and brisk at from 5 to 6} cts. 5. Pork - Scarce, price unsettled; small parcels selling at 6 to7 cts. 6. Butter - None, worth from 18 to 25 cts. per pound. 7. Eggs - None, hens don't lay, worth 12) cts. per dozen.

Hardships Of The Pioneers

8. Fouls - Chickens worth 87} cts. per pair; .urkeys worth the powder and led to shoot them. 9. Venison is deer meat, but can be had by anyone who will take the trouble to shoot the ''varmints" in the woods. y Peru was becoming the rival in prosperity of many rising western towns. In the Kalamazoo Gazette of July 1838 was found these lines: 'Come all ye Yankee farmers, Bid your barren hills adieu, And settle in the fertile west, Come settle at Kalamazoo. A young poet seeing the above expressed the spirit of the Peruvians in the first two verses, which are at the head of this chapter. HARDSHIPS OF THE PIONEERS.

"The merchants gave a year's credit. and the customer took all the time over he wanted, and neither made anything in the operation. The first settler had no money to spare in settling store bills, the great end and purpose of his life being to get enough money to pay for his land. 'To secure this he would make the journey back to Obio or Pennsylvania on foot to borrow twenty-five or thirty dollars he lacked of the necessary amount.

The money, in the early days, came from the construction of the canal, immigrants, Indian payments and from the sale of deer. coon, beaver, otter, mink, wolf. fox and bear skins. It was not an uncommon thing for a good hunter and trapper to have a hundred dollars worth of skins and furs to sell in a season."

A very important document has fallen into the writer's hands, which should have been noticed previous to this in the general history of the County. The early settlers will remember the unparalleled sickness, suffering and destitution throughout the Reserve during the vears of 1845 and *46. The entire means of the settler had been absorbed in improvements, sickness and failure of crops. The -'Miami Indian Reserve, containing 900 square miles had become celebrated as -'the prospective varden of the state." And in view of the immense value attached to it, conzress refused to embrace this reserve within its pre-emption laws, until the year 1845. In June 1847, the President issued a proclamation for the sale of these lands for money down. It struck the distressed people like a clap of thunder from aclear sky. They spontaneously laid aside their implements of husbandry and congregated together at the town of Peru for the purpose of imploring at the hands of the executive a postponment of the sale.

There were gay-haired men there, bowed, not so much with weight of years as by excessive toil to acquire a home in the wilderness for their declining years, who wrung their hands and cried, 'Alas! too late to began again!"

An adjorned meeting was held on the 12th day of June, 1847, to pass upon petitions. Sundry petitions were presented and read. One by the Hon John U. Pettit, who was then a candidate for the State Senate; one by the Hon. Andrew J. Harlan, a member of congress from the Grant County district.

The Petition To The President

We, the undersigned, beg leave respectfully to represent to your Excel- Jency, that we are settlers upon the lands known as the ''Miami Cessions," in Indiana; that we are not ignorant of the extraordinary costs of these lands to the government, mainly owing to extravagent representations of their value by distinguished men whose foot-priots never tracked the soil; that to the serious prejudice of settlers it has continued to be represented as immensely valuable and surrounded by a highly developed and deusely populated country; thus creating and fostering that bitter sectional prejudice which manifested itself in unwonted hostility to the passage of the late proclamation. That these representations have been made at random and without a knowledge of the country, and that the impression which prevails abroad with regard to the worth of the lands is incorrect, must sufficiently appear by reference to maps and field notes of their surveys. Instead cf meriting the reputation of ieing the -'garden of the state," a cognomen gained for it by strangers to its quality and strangers to the surrounding country, it is in fact a body of ordinary land; the choicest portions thereof! having been reserved by individual Indians, by treaty stipulations. and these together with numberless tracts selected by the state for canal purposes, comprise nearly all the best land and most desiable locations.

That the adjacent country around instead of being densely populated and valuable, is in truth, sparsely settled, and the unimproved lands will scarcely command the minimum government price. That a large majority of the present occupants of this territory settled thereon prior to the passage of the pre-emption law, knowing that in the event of its becoming state land they would have the benefit of easy and extended payments, anc hoping, should it eoinand federal lands, that their improvements, in case of their inability to purchase would not be taken from them without remuneration. 'That, were it possible to blot out these improvements and transform the country into its primeval state, the condition in which we found it, our honest conviction is that not one half the tracts, now rendered valuable by our labor. could be sold at their present minimum rate.

Permit us further to represent that the number of families occupying this territory as actual settlers, is nearly two thousand, the value of whose impreements will probably average three hundred dollars each, and of this number not more than two hundred will be prepared to avail themselves of the benefit uf the pre-emption law unless the sale shall be postponed until the fall of 1848, affording time to realize the proceels of the labo~ of the present and succeeding years.

Unless the sale shall be thus deferred, the consequences will be, that two hundred settlers will be able to secure eighty acres each, which will bring into the treasury the inconsiderable sum of 30,000 dollars.

Kighteer hundred will be unable to buy and must necessarily Tose 546,060 dollars expended in improvements, while the sale of these, on sieaiheiel of the: improvements, will add to the national treasury, 288,000 dollars, selling atthe: minimun price of two dollars per acre, which may be the case, when the set~ tler bas nov the means to compete with an organized band of speculators.

That in view of this state of facts the proclamation of your Excellency designating so early a day for the sale of these lands, has given rise to the most lively emotions of regret in the breasts of those for moe henefit the: jate pre-enrption law was ena 6ed, and.we have spontaneously aks Bplde our implements of husbandry and congregated together for the purpose of imploring, at the hand of your Excellency, a postponement of this sale. Mie eame here as pioneers of a country usually come, in bumble circumstances; many of us having large families claiming support at our hands, have suffered the privations incident to a settlement in a new country, our labor and ane products thereof have been absorbed ia opening our fields and erecting our cabins, and the general sickne:s which prevaiied toa fearful extent last season, producing an incalculable amownt of buman suffering and destitution, has: swept away the means that otherwise might have been spared to secure atthis time our wilderness homes which are dear to us, pot om the account of the superiority of the soil, nor in view of their desirable localities, but because we have reclaimed them and rendered them valuable by the sweat of our brows - because by our labor highways of communication now traverse the vast wilds where a short time ago the trail of the Indtam ventured not - homes rendered'dear by social aud domestic ties. and thrice sacred as the burial ground of departed friends.

Yet if this application for postponement fails, the homes of eighteen hundred families who bave thus contributed their toil and treasure to render them valuable, will pass into the hands of heartless speculators, and these families will become homeless, dispirited wanderers after new fields of labor for a subsistence.

Tn concluding this appeal, your Excellency will permit us to say, while we are sensible that no ordinary circumstances, at this crisis, should be allowed to check the flow ot money into tbe national treasury, we, at the same time feel confident that the voice of humanity, though it comes from the wilderness, will not plead in vain.

Therefore. we ask, if within the scope of Executive discretion, that your Excellency may cause tbe sale of the «Miami Cessions" to be postponed at least until the fail of 1848. or until after the next congress shall convene, and your petitioners will ever pray, &e.

This petition was rapidly circulated and four thousand names were obtained in Miami, Wabash, Grant, Cass and Howard counties. It was not permitted to find its way into the keeping of a subordinate officer at Washington, but was delivered into the very hands of the President himself The sale was postponed in pursuance of the netition." smaller sums for its support. Theschool at tirst metin the Presbyterian church until they were able to erect a seminary building. Alfred Keiser was president and James B. Fulwiler secretary of the board of trustees, They employed Rev. Samuel Newbery, the first Presbyterian minister as principal at a salary of $600 per year, and Rey. John Stocker and his wife as assistants. A bill passed the legislature in the fall of 1837 to charter the institution as a college. Largely on account of Francis Godfroy's influence the bill was; passed. But he refused to meet his promised donations and after three years, in 1839, the schoul sank never to raise again. The failure of this institution has been the subject of much regret. The common branches and natural philosophy, chemistry, algebra, Latin and Greek were taught. The tuition of the common branches was $3.50 per term and $4 if the higher branches were included. J. Omer Cole, George Rettig. Caroline Zern, Geo. R. Bearss. Jesse Zern, David Hood and Joseph Holman, whose names have become frequently associated in the history of this county were pupils of the school.

A Mass Meeting Of Tie Voters

a profitable way of forgetting some things. He was known to have bought a load of apples from a farmer, and when they were unloaded he could not be found. One time he became in debt to a citizen and in payment gave bim a title bond for a jot that he never owned. He hada peculiar faculty for borrowing books and never returning them. A MASS MEETING OF TIE VOTERS of the town met on the 26th of March, 1842, and formed an organization for its government. Joseph L. Reyburn was chosen president and James DeFrees secretary of the meeting. 'The town was divided into five districts by north and south alleys, and one trustee was elected for each. The following were selected trustees: John Lowe, Samuel Glass, Joseph L: Reyburn, John Coulter. At the first meeting of the board the chairman and secretary of the mass meeting were made permanent and William R. Mowbray was elected treasurer: Samuel Hurst. lister: John Gregg, marshal. The board met three times in six years. At the first session .-hey organized and passed a number of ordinances. and the next meeting held about a year later was 'to provide measures for the purpose of arresting the ravages of fire." We learn from the minutes of the session that the trustees were ordered to purchase five ladders, twenty-four feet long and five fonrteen feet long: five roof ladders fifteen feet Jone: ade hooks with poles twenty-two feet long. These were furnished by Oe arithete Porter for $52. The board mct again May 8, 1543, and elected John Lowe president. and that was the last session. The town governed itself By special act of the legislature, March 1, 1818, the following were appointed as councilmen: M. DeFvess, George W. Goodrich and Edward H. Bruce, They met and elected Albert Cole mayor. Iva Mendenhall recorder. and C. R. 'Tracy Treasurer. Ao election Was ordered to be held on the 13th of that month and Win. A. McGregor was chosen mayor. -'For nearly two years the Tegal learning, the broad statesmanship aha the buruing eloquence of our city fathers boiled and seethed ordinance was framed, but there always seemed a crack through which a pig could crawl. The no-hog party seems finally to have conquered." The subject of greatest importance, that occupied the attention of the "Town Fathers" for a number of years, was that of street improvement. In 1850 Broadway was graded at a cost of $387.59 and the next year was partly paved. The city was incorporated February 25, 1867 and was divided into four wards. Orris Blake was the first mayor of the new corporation and was sueceeded at the first regular election by Josiah Farrar.

The city has been well governed. Its officers from its organization has been of the most conservative and progressive citizens. A complete roster of the city officials, from 1867 to the present time wil} be found at the close of this chapter.

The additions of the first proprietors were made a part of the orginal} plat. By the treaty of 1826, Frances Godfroy was granted a section of land joining on the east the one granted to Richardville, which was sold to Joseph Holman. The original plat of Peru extended on the east to the line of Godfroy's possessions. The old war chief in a codicil-to his will, dated May 5, 4840, provided that his executor, ''lay off within three months after his deeease, on the quarter section immediately adjoining the town of Peru, town lots and streets in continuation and corresponding in size and width with the lots in Peru, etc." This was the first addition and is the largest. 'he plat was entered. for record by Allen Hamilton, the executor of Godfroy's estate, in June 1840. 'The names of the north and south streets in this addition have been changed with the exception of Clay. The next addition, Ewing's, was laid out in 1842, east of Broadway, just noth of the original plat. Is contains thirty-nine lots on each side of Ewing street, which extends east and west from Broadway to Clay, the third street east of Broadway. Hood's addition, eontaining six blocks, between Main and Canal and Hood and LaFayette streets, was laid out in 1849. Whistler's sub addition, containing one block, between Sixth and Seventh and Broadway and Miami streets was recorded in 1863 The next addition was made in 1863 by E. H. Shirk on a portion of the old Hood farm, from Main to Eighth and from Hood to Grant street: Ewing's partition addition in 1864. containing sixty-fozrr lots, located west of Broadway, north of Fifth and east of Hood street. Brownell's addition containing 147 lots, in 1866, located between Main and Eighth and Holman and Forest. Then follows Shirk's second addition in 1868; Smith's addition between LaFayette and Hood, Eighth and the railroad in 1869; Dukes' addition from Grant to old Logansport road and Seventh to railroad in 1870; Smith's second addition east of Grant and north of the railroad, in 1870; Sterne's addition containing seventy-six lots, from Grant two squares west and from Main to Seventh in 1871; Shirk's third addition, between Seventh and Eighth, Fremont and Hood in 1871; Dukes' second addition, west of Grant and north of Boulevard in 1872; Smith's third addition from Canal street north to railroad, cast of Godfroy's section, in 1872; Runyan's addition north of Boulevard to Thirteeth and between Runyan and Freemont street, in 1873; Brownell's addition in 1872, containing 111 lots, between Union and Walnut streets, and one tier of lots south of Fifth and one north of Seventh. Within the last ten years several targe additions and many subdivisions have been made to the city. In 1873, besides Runyan's addition, there was recorded Darrow's subdivision of six lots; A. C. Brownell's addition of four lots; Davis and Shirk's subdivision of six tots; Ellis' subdivision of three lots. This year South Peru was platted by the Armstrong and Erwin heirs. The original plat contained thirty-eight lots, extending from the river north just east of Broadway. Two months after the original plat was recorded, E. H. Shirk made an addition of sixteen lots; in 1874, Brandon's subdivision of seven lots was recorded; Shirk's subdivision of fourteen lots in June; Shirk's subdivision of seventeen lots in December; Bouslog and Harrison's subdivision of seven lots in December, 1875; Coles' subdivision of twelve lots, January 1879. Bouslog's addition ef ninteen lots on east Eighth street was recorded in 1880; Ownes' subdivision of tweenty-three iots in May, 1880; Shirk's second addition of tweenty-nine lots to South Peru in May 1881. Farrar's addition of thirty-three lots between Third and Main, east of Grant was recorded in 1881. Ridgeview, just north of city and west of the Mexico pike was incorporated in May, 1884. 'I'he principal additions to city made since *884 are as follows: Bouslog's addition of twenty-seven lots to South Peru was recerded July 1886. Milton Shirk and R. A. Edwards recorded their addition of East Peru, October 1887. It contains 117 lots be~ tween Canai and Main and Smith street on the west and East street on the east. Beck, Reilly and Faust addition of thirty-two lots was recorded December, 1857. A. N. Dukes' North Peru addition, containing 214 lots and ninteen out lots, east of Chili pike and north of railroad was recorded May, 1890. Bousiog's Elmwood addition of forty lots, east of the L. E. &. W. railroad and north ot Godfroy's addition in 1890; Levi & Falk's addition of eighty-four lots, between Canai and Main and Smith and Lincoln streets, June 1891; Stutesman's addition of six lots to South Peru, December, 1891; Brownell's North addition of nineteen lots, east of Elmwood addition, January 1891; Stutesman's addition of nineteen lots, north of Boulevard and west of Mexice pike, October, 1892; Brownell's addition from Holman tu Forest and from Canal to one tier of lots north of Main was recorded June 12, 1893.

Many papers have been established iz Peru, but few have been recog> nized very long as 'long felt wants." The press of Miami County has been in advance of the progress of the people. In no other county of the state, having about the same population, are better edited newspapers.

One of the essentials to the growth and development of a town is a newspaper. 'The early citizens of Peru realized this and a few of them formed un association, bought the press and material used for the publication of the Richmond Palladium and moved them here. Samuel Pike, who came from Leesburg, Ohio, to Peru in 1834, with a stock of merchandise for James B. Fulwiler, was the principal mover io this enterprise. He had been an editor in Ohio, was a "jack of all trades," but was considered a weighty man with a pen and the association put him in charge of the outfit. On July 22, 1837, the first paper in Miami County, called the Peru Forester, was published. "It was governed by the 'eternal principles of truth and justice," -but ceased to exist in January, 1839. But Samuel Pike went on and established many newspapers in Indiana, Ohio and Kentucky, became celebrated as a founder of papers,'and many local historians have paid tribute to his memory.

The press and material of the Forester was left in Peru and from 1839 to 1848, six paper's in succession were printed with them. The Peru Gazett, whig in politics, was first published July 20, 1839. by James B. Scott and Augustus Banks, and was continued by the latter until April 16, 1542. Then John H, Scott bought a half interest in the plant and a paper, half whig and half democratic, called the Peru Gazette - Peru Democrat was established, and continued six months. Shortly after this, the Cork Screw, a humerous paper was published anonymously by Nehemiah, Hesekiah and Obadiah. It wasa paper of considerable merit, but in a few months suspended. On June 8, 1844, the Peru Observer was started by James B. Scott. It was a whig campaign paper and continued until June 28, 1845. Next the Peru Herald, democratic, published by John H. Scott from November 28, 1846, until May 1848. The old outfit of the Peru Forester did notrestlong. John A. Graham bought the plant and founded the

The first number was published June 28, 1848. During Mr. Graham's management it was one of the leading county papers in the state. It was a model typograpbically, was ably edited and wielded a strong influeuce as a demce cratic organ. In 1850, the office was entirely refitted, with the exception of a press. <A daily paper, called the Daily Miami County Sentinel, was started in connection with the weekly, the 19th of June, 1854. and continued until the 25th of July of that year. 'This was the first daily paper established here, and failed because the town was not large enough to sustain it. Mr. Graham run the office until August 16, 1861, and publication was then suspended. He was not a practical printer, but learned to fold papers, 'roll the forms" and ''play the devil" generally. 'Though not learned in all the details of the business, he knew perfectly well when the work was done right. His printers undertook to do the ''bossing" and run the whole business, and after considerable trouble and when his patience was exhausted one evening he announced to his workmen that the last number of the Sentinel, under his management, was issued. Wilson B. Loughridge suceeded Graham, but soon sold to T. J. McDowell. In 1867 Loughridge again became the owner, and in 1874 took J. C. Foley as a partner. In 1875 the paper was run by Foley, Jameson & Conner. The latter two sold to J. A. Miller, and for a few months the firm's name was Foley & Miller. 'Then Foley sold his interest to J. C. Maxey. The daily and weekly founded by 'T. J. McDowell & Sons in November. 1874 was consolidated with the Sentinel and run for about a year, by Mexey & MeDowell when the firm dissolved, each party retaining his paper and its name. The Sentinel was continued by Ewing & Maxey, who were succeeded by Samuel F, Winter, a veteran newspaper man, who continued as the owner and manager until 1881. Louis B. Fulwiler and Richard A. Cole, two prominent citizens, of Peru than bought the plant and continued in charge as proprietors and manae ae agers until April 1889. During these seven years, the paper was popular with the people and was a power for the democratic party in this county. ©. N. Kenton succeeded Fulwiler & Cole, and run the paper from April to November, when he sold to F. D. & F. A. Haimbaugh. They continued as partners for about a year and @ half when F. A. Haimbaugh and T. J. Finch bought F. D, Haimbaug's interest and the style of the firm has since been F. A. Haimbaugh & Co., R. J. Conner represented Mr. Finch's interest until his death, which occurred July 21, 1895. THE SECOND PRINTING PRESS was brought to this county in 1852. The first paper printed on it was the Free Press founded by J. H. Smith. In 1853, E. & E. R: Trask purchased the plant and published the Wabash Olio. The Republican argos, by J. H. Shirk & Co. succeeded the Olio in 1854. Then followed the Peru News.

was founded by E. P. Loveland, a distinguished member of the Miami County bar, in 1856. It was establish as a republican organ and has ever been a tower of strength for its party in this county. Mr. Loveland sold to W. S. Benham and 8. C. Chapin, who continued the paper until March, 1858, and it was then sold to G. I. Reed and James M. Brown. At the end of one year Mr. Brown sold his interest to Mr. Reed, who was sole proprietor and manager until May, 1873. He then sold a half interest toM.R. Sinks. W. W. Lockwood bought Mr. Sinks' interest in March, 1878 and took possession the follow- May. Mr. Reed left for Kansas City in 1886, leaving the entire management to Mr. Lockwood. but retained a one half interest until 1887: He held a small interest until 1890, since which time W. W. Lockwood has been the sole propritor and manager. DAILY PAPERS.

Besides the daily which run a little over a month in 1854, was the Daily Times by T. J. McDowell & Sons, established in 1874. It was still found that a daily could not be supported. The Times had a very short life. Another attempt later to start a daily failed. In the summer of 1884, Crowder & Miller founded the Peru Evening Journal, the first successful daily paper in Peru. Miller soon sold his interest to Ezra Roe. LKichard Kilgore later bought the paper and run it about a year. On the first of January, 1887, C F Crowder, one of the founders and Wm. Brenton bought the Journal. W. A. Woodring bought Brenton's interest in January 1891, and in April of that year Arthur Bodurtha bought Crowder's interest and the Journal firm has since remained Woodring & Bodurtha. The plant was moved to its present quarters, No. 8 West Second street, about eight years ago. It is now considered as one of the

Many attempts have been made within the last ten years to establish a second daily. The Daily Herald was started by Ed Cox in 1887. Itrun about three months and failed. 'The press and material was moved to Marion and was used in the publication of the Jeffersonian. From September 1890 to April 1891, the Sentinel issued a daily, and again in Dee-mber 1892 and continued until July 1893. The daily Bulletin. a morning paper, was published for some- time by Brenton & Holman. It was a good newspapes but the town could not support two dalies. The first number of the Peru Daily Chronicle was issued June 28, 1894, by J. H. Moore and Charles Winter.

was founded by John H. Stephens. The first number was issued July 3, 1894. It was a continuation of the Bunker Hill Press, which was published in 1874. Mr. Stephens bought the Press in January, 1892, supplied the plant with a large cylinder press and new type. The Record had a large list in the south part of the county to begin with and is recognized ag one of the leading papers of the county. This book was published at the Record office.

The Fire Department

For many years the fire department was very weak. At a special meeting of the council, held March 25, 1848, provisions were first made against destruction of property by fire. The town was then divided into five districts by north and south alleys, and in each district, at a convenient place was one ladder twenty-four feet long, one fourteen feet long, one roof ladder fifteen feet long and a hook with pole. When an alarm of fire was given, citizens shot. from every direction to the nearest hook and ladder and buckets were procured from the neighbors and with these pioneer means vigerous efforts were made to drown the fire. The ladders were usually left where the last fire occurred and at the next one they could not be found and when the new government was organized in 1848, the marshal was ordered to hunt the ''fire department.'' A number of incendiary fires in 1856, occassioned che appointment of special police, and the subject of better fire protection was agitated, a committee was appointed to find out the cost of ladders, etc., and in January 1857 an order was made to purchase an outfit of ladders, hooks and buckets, In 186U a number of citizens petitioned the council to send F. G. Hackley, as their agent to several large cities to examine the fire departments, with a view of putting in a good one at Peru. In May of that year a hand fire engine was purchased and the contract for the engine house was awarded. The engine, hose and apparatus cost about $2,300, and the engine house $1,100. The expenses of the department for the next twelve years was from $50 to $75 per year. An ordinance was passed November. 1872, to establish a fire department, and a new fire engine was purchased. Another ordinance was passed in July 1888, providing for a more efficient organized department. It provided for a chief, two assistants, one rezular organized hose company of sixteen men and a hook and ladder company of eight men. In 1888 the present fire-engine building on North Miami street was erected at a cost of $3,200. In 1889, protection against fire was made still more efficient by the establishment of a paid department. March 24, 1892, an ordinance was passed fixing the fire limit to one square on each side of Broadway from the south to the north boundry lines of the coporation. 'The ordinance provides that all buildings or additions to same, erected within these limits be fire proof.

The fire department of Peru is now in excellent condition. The engine house, hosecart, horses, apparatus and the competent and efficient employes will compare favorably with any other city in the state. Besides the main house located on Miami street. there are two reel and hese houses - one at the hospital and the other at the Indiana Manufacturing Co's factory. There are no steamers or hand pumps, power being supplied direct from the pumps at the water works and force can be furnished to throw six streams from 40 to vo feet high. During the year of 1894, the department made twenty-four calls and the total loss did not exceed $1500. The paid branch of the department at present consists of Isaae Bozarth, chief; Timothy Doud, pipeman: Richard Pernee, driver: Eugene Jameson, plugman; Wm. Perry and John Shireman, minutemen. The chief receives $50 per month; and the pipeman, driver and plugman each $40 per month; the minute men $5 per month. The hook and ladder company consisting uf fourteen men, receive $25 each per year.

Cost Of The Fire Department Water Works

The subject of water works for the city was first brought before the council in 1871. Public sentiment was then not in favor of them. 'The State Legislature passed an act, March 7, 1873, authorizing cities constructing water works to issue bonds and dispose of the same in aid of the construction of such works. Shirk, Dukes & Co. proposed in 1874, to build works undey a franchise, but the council took no definate action about the watter. An election was held in July 1877 for the purpose of getting the sentiment of the people. and it was found that a large majority were in favor of the works. The eity passed an ordinance April 10, 1878 for the issue and sale of bonds, but that was repealed by another ordinance passed Jung 7th of that year. That ordinance provided that the city issue bonds to the amount of $110,000 and of the denominations of one thousand dollars each. payable to bearer twenty years after date, with interest at the rate of & per cent per annum, payable at the banking office ot Wiuslow, Lanier & Co. in New Yori city. The bonds were to have been sold in the market at the best price they would bring, not less than ninety-seven cents en the dollar. The bonds were mostly sold at a small discount, but were soon at par and are now at preminm. The -'water works" bonds now outstanding amounts to $75,000- ¥In 1895, $5,000 worth of these bonds were redeemed on which a premium of $1,200 was paid.

After the sale of bonds, the council took steps at once toward the work and contracts for different parts were let to different parties im October, 1878, and in May, 1879, they were completed.

The pump bouse, corner of Canal and Wayne streets, is a handsome brick structure, located on a plat of ground of about three acres. The pumping machinery consists of two engines, run by steam, which bave a combined. eapacity of two and a half million gallons per day. The reservoir is located south of the river on the hill, about one half mile from the pump house, and by its pressure alone, six streams can be forced to a height of from fifty te seventy-five feet. The machinery at the pump house has been keept in good erder and repairs and a new boiler has just been placed. The city now has about fifteen miles of water mains and about 900 consumers.

Uutil May, 1880, the works were under the control of a committee of three of the council. At that time under a legislative enactment, a board of water works trustees. consisting of thee persons were elected by direet vote of the people, and this committee continued in control until 1835. This year, on July 23, in accordance with an act of the legislature, the council passed an ordinance. 'This law places the water works under:control ot the council, and is inspected and investigated by a standing committee of four of its members. A superintendent and engineer is elected by the council the first Monday of May each year.

Gas Works

The gas works were built by H. E. and C. F. Sterne & Co., owners of the woolen mills. The works were commenced in June 1874 and were completed November 15, of that. year. A contract was made with the city to run twentyfive years from the date the gas was burnedon. Three and ahave miles of mains were laid. 'The gasometer has a capacity of twenty thousand feet. The Peru American Gas Co. of Philadelphia bought the plant, July 27, 1886 and has since controlled it. The plant was considerably enlarged, but electric lights has largely taken the place of gas lights-

The Telegraph And Telephone

The telegraph connected Peru with the world before the first railroad reached it. The first line ran along the canal from Teledo to Indianapolis by way of Crawfordsville. In 1855 the Wabash line along the railroad was estabfished and the canal line was abandoned. 'There is now a telegraph line along each railroad. 'The office was moved into Citizens' Bank building in Novem ber. 1886. Miss Allice Dunlap has beeo the operator for a number of years.

The telephone exchange was established June 13, 1881, with forty-five subscribers. The exchange is located in the Citizen' Bank building. It now nas ninty-seven subscribers. The long distance telephone was placed here in December, 1893. It extends to points in Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan, and frem Kentucky to cities en the Atlantic coast. 'here are now seven long distance instruments in the city. Miss A. K. Porter is the manager of both exchanges.

The Electric Light Plants

The electric light plant was placed in Peru m October, 1885. The Thompson - Huston Company, of Boston, put in a twenty-five light machine as a trial and it was Operated by power furnished by Miller's mill. V. Q. Irwin purchased the plant, ground and building where it is located, on the 1st of July 1886. He put in an eighty-five horse power engine a two hundred and twelvé horse power boiler and two twenty-five light dynamos, with an actial capacity of fifty lights.

The plant has been gradually enlarged and perfected and it is considered by experts to be equal to that of any other city of about the same popula~ tion in the United States. The plant now has three arc machines, with 4 capacity of one hundred and sixty-five lights and an incandescent alternating machine, capacity of two thousand lights. There are twenty miles of arc and five or six miles of incandesent circuit. The plant has been owned and operated sinee November 1894 by the Peru Electric Light and Power Company, V. Q. Irwine, president; P. F. Covington, vice-president and Nat Covington. secretary and treasurer.

Banking Corporations The First National Bank

was organized by E. H. Shirk in April 1864 Mr. Shirk was the first president and was re-elected annually until his death in 1886. The first directors were E. H. Shirk, Robert Miller, James Hollenshade, Jacob Kreutzer. George L* Dart. W. W. Constant, Abraham Leedy. The capital stock was $75,000, since increased to $100,000 and the surplus fund considerably exceeds that amount. The bank was first located in a small frame buil.ing between Third and Main on the west side of Broadway. Soon after it was organized, ic was moved to its present location, on the corner of Main and Byoadway. 'he old building was torn away and a handsome new one was erected on the same ground in 1887 and on the 4th of December of that year the bank was moved into itS present quarters.

The Citizens' Bank of Peru, is the outgrowth of the private bank of Bonds, Hoagland & Co., organized, February, 1867. 'This. in July, 1871, wachanged to the present corporation and the present name, under the banking laws. 'The first: board of directors was D. C. Darrow, A. C. Brownell. Wm. Smith, N. O. Ross, C. D. Bond. R. F. Donaidson and M. F. Robinson. Mr. Darrow was the president until 1883. when he was succeeded by C. H. Brownell, who bas since held that position. M.S. Robinson 'has been cashier continuously since the founding of the bank in 1871. 'The bank was located at No,6 - South Broadway until September 1886, when it was removed to the building it now occupies. No. 16 North Broadway. The following are the directors: Levi Miller, Wm. Rassner, E. A. Gould, F. I. Deibert, M. S. Robinson and C. H. Brownell. The capital stock is $100,000, and the surplus is quite a large sum.

The Miami County Loan and Savings Association was incorporated Jan. 15, 1891, with a capital stock of $500,000. It commenced business February 2, 1891, and at the end of the first eleven month's business the assets were nearly $27,000. In spite of the panic of 1893, and the subsequent business depression the association met-ali obligations and has enjoyed a steady and continugus zrowth, the assets January 1, 1896 being over $176,000, and up to this date the association bas distributed over $26,000 in dividends to its depositors. The present board of officers are: Willard Griswold, president; C. R. Cox, vice-president; E. L: Miller, secretary and treasurer; W. C. Bailey, attorney, The directors are G. R. Chamberlain. C. R. Cox, Willard Griswold, Marvin S. Lane, J. H. Lohmyer, W.S. Mercer and F. M. Stutesman.

There is no more interesting study than the adaptability of nature's resources for the use and benefit of mankind. Nature has endowed her superior being - man, with sufficient material to stimulate his energies and afford him resources for utilizing and adopting her gifts to his own uses and benefits. A piece of wood is about the most interesting material to draw a sermon form, but when the possibilities and uses are seen in the manufacturer's hands, wonder and astonishment are produced at the varied and numerous evolutions the tree passes through to the beautiful results obtained. A walk through the mauufacturing establishments excites at every turn wonderment.

Standard Cabinet Manufacturing Company

This company was incorporated in January, 1893, with a capital of $25,000. The officers are: Jacob C. Theobald, president; John G. Killinger. vice-president; John Knuchel, treasurer; E. G. Huber, secretary. The directors are Jacob C. Theobald. John G. Killinger, John Knuchel, Amzi A. Moorehouse, Walter Wilkinson and Felix Calambach. This is a stock company, and the majority of the stockholders work in the various departments. The factory is fitted with all modern appliances and machinery fer cabinet work.

Miami Flint Glass Works

in October 1889 by John J. Kreutzer & Co . the present proprietors and many agers. The moving spirit of the concern is John J. Kreutzer, whose practical kuowledge of the art and business capacity has placed the firm on a solid financial footing. The capacity of the works is eight pots, which means an output ! of several hundred gross per day.

But very few people who use a tumbler, a chimney or any of the thousand and one things of which glass is made, know what the component parts ef the " transparent and brittle sabstaace are and how it is made. After seeing the f process, and the deft, manner in which an article is turned out, the process / seems easy but like most things. appearances are deceiving and it is only by severe exertions and strict application that any dexterity can be attained 7 The priuciple constituents of glass are sand, lime, soda, ash and nitre: : Each of these articles are pulverized until they are like fine powder. Great eare is taken that the material 1s of the finest quality. 'his is especially the : : case with the sand and each ''batch" is critically inspected. Curious as it may 4 sound, it very often happens that sand taken from the same hill will vary so markedly that one "batch" wil have to be rejected. The raw material, afte | being sifted and resifted is then placed in large wooden boxes, in layers, and ' these layers are turned over and over until they are thoroughly mixed so thata single pound taken out haphazard will contain the exact amount of each component. 'The mixing department is probably one of the most important in che factory as, if there be auything wrong, it will show in the smelters, wuere the glass may be to ''gritty" or discolored and the '"pots" would have to be cleaned out, stopping the work and losing the whole material, entailing a loss of several hundred dollars.

On the other hand, the ''pots" need replenishing only when the materia, runs low and they may be kept running for an indelinite time before a «clean. ing out" is requisite. At the Miami Flint Glass works, Mr. Ephraim Miller js in charge of the mixing department, and he bas met with such success that he has had but one cleaning out in his three years of service in the establishment.

Pass into the artificers' room where the scene can only be likened to a page of Dant's Inferno. Here and there, everywhere, numbers of boys begvimmed and perspiring, hurry about with long iron rods, which the imagination can easily construe into pitchforks, occasionally getting a dash of ruddy light from the holes of the smelting pots; the artificers juggling a ball of molten substance in the air at the end of their blow pipes. everything apparently confusion, but most systematic confusion and where ail seems chaos, there exists only the regularity of clock work. The brilliant red of the fires, and their reflections on the workmen, the snowy films of the glass as the bubbles bust from the moulds, filling the air with irridescent sparkles of light, against the sombre back ground of the grimy walls, construe a picture worthy the brush of a Turner.

'The room, or apartment more properly speaking, extends the whole length of the great building and the roof is away up over head to afford the very best ventilation and a copious supply of fresh air to counteract in some measure the intense heat given out by the smelting pots. These ''pots," as they are called, are sunk beneath the level of the ground and covered with brick work to a height of six feet above the ground and they resemble huge baker's ovens. In these large receptacles the raw materials are placed and a fierce continuous fire keeps roaring in them day and night melting and fusing the sand with the other ingredients, until, looking in through the small apertures for withdrawing the glass, the whole looks like a thick molten sea. At the mouths of the little apertures stand two glass blowers. A little to one tide sets a smooth iron slab, slightly inclined, and by this sits a boy with the mould. 'The mould is made of two blocks of iron, hinged together, with two handles on the opposite side. The centre of these two blocks is hollowed to the desired shape of the article to be manufactured, while there is a hole at the top for the use of the blower. A large iron can stands by the side of the mould with another boy in attendance. Nowtheglass blowersare ready. They take one then the other, a blow pipe which 1s made of iron about three or three and a half feet long with a little knob at one end. 'Thrusting this into the little aperture, with a few turns of the wrist he collects just sufficient of the molten glass, - which has the consistency of soft putty - on the end of the pipe. He withdraws it, and swinging it in the air, blows a small bubble of air in it. and then rolls it on the slab until it assumes a pear shape. 'The boy holds the. mould open while the blower carefully but quickly inserts the glass - slap goes 'the mould, a little blowing from the man, and a large bubble appears tnrough the hole in the top of the mould, growing larger, until you bear a pop and shimmering films of glass finer than silk glint and glitter like hoar frost in the air. The boy at his side takes the pipe, scrapes off the residue of glass from the end into the can and the pipe is ready for further use.

Meanwhile, the glass blower's partner bas been guing through the same evolutions, and no sooner does one release the slab or mould but the other is ready to use it, and so they go on with the measured regularity of a pendulum.

The glass iv the mould bardens rapidly. and another boy stands ready with a pair of iron tweezers in one hand, and a long iron rod, with a pan the size of the bottle and three quarters its length, to pick up the bottle, put it in the holder, and off he goes to another man. This man sits by an Open fire where there are rests for the bottles just permitting the mouths to be in the flames. Here the mouths are heated red hot and they are then withdrawn and the man, holding a pair of curiously shaped tweezers iu bis right hand which he holds at the mouth, gives a few rapid twirls with his left and the mouth is finished.

But this does not completa the bottles. They are taken on long iron blades and thrust into a large oven which has a continuous 'carrier bed." They go in at one end, travel along the entire length - about fifty feet - and are taken out at the other end and stacked in racks for the shipping room. While traveling through this tempering oven whatever imperfections exist in the blowing are sure to result in the bursting of the article and of course, into waste barrels it goes.

To the unitiated it would appear that there is a great amount of waste material, but this is not so. There is nothing lost except perhaps the time used in making the article. Every night all the scraps of glass are collected and thrown back into the ''pot" where they are ready the following morning to go through the same course perhaps this time to pass the careful scrutiny and be shipped abroad.

The Indiana Manufacturing Company

Wholesale manufacturers of sewing machiue wood work, of refrigerators and of wooden rims for bicycles. This is one of the most important and ably conducted manufacturing establishments in the state of Indiana. Peru, in this great corporation, has a factor and element of commercia] progress that from the nature of its product extends trade relations all over the United States, Europe and Australia, and brings this city into prominence as one of the most important manufacturing centres in the middle states. The works of the Indiana Manufacturing company were originally built by the Howe Sewing Machine Company in 1870. The first buildings had been completed but a short time when a fire occurred, destroying them almost entirely and occassioning the loss of two lives, E. P. Loveland and John Cummings, who were caught by the falling roof while assisting to save the property,

July 1, 1875. the Indiana Manufacturing Company was duly incorporated and became sole proprietors. Its officers are M. Shirk, president; A. N. Dukes, vice-president and treasurer; A. J. Hoffman, secretary. The directors are M. Shirk, A. N. Dukes, R. A. Edwards, E. W. Shirk and A. J. Huffman. The capital stock is $500.000, the majority of which is owned by M. Shirk and A. N. Dukes. Under the skill and experienced supervision of Mr. Dukes the product of the factory has achieved an interesting reputation fur superiority from every point of view. Mr. Dukes was born in Miami County and has been a permanent resident of Feru tor neurly a half century. He possesses superior executive abilities, sound judgment and is noted for enterprise and energy and unquestioned probity, contriouting materially to Peru's permanent prosperity and being oue of the most public spirited citizens. Thus it always is that the history of any great institution or cause, or achievement lies largely within the biography of one moving spirit. When Mr. Dukes first took charge of the factory fifteen years ago, there were but one hundred men employed, but aided by the financial backing of Mr. Milton Shirk, it was not long until the capacity of the works was increased to six hundred. Ever alert to.extend and increase the business of the firm, Mr. Dukes in 1895 added a building 150x60 feet, twe stories and attic, each floor in one room, which is brobably the largest single room of anv building in the country. In this addition is manufactured wood rims for bicycles. Every room, every branch of work in this vast establishment, it's buildings covering five and three-fourth acres of floor space, has @ beadman why is responsible for the men under his charge, to the general manager. System and descipline are very rigidly enforced, and indeed it is abso- Jutely indispensable if success is to crown the undertaking, and irremediable disaster averted. This little army of workmen with their families form one ef Peru's principal mainstays. WOOLEN MILL.

The Woolen mills were established in 1865, on West Canal street by H. E. & C. F. Starne. Ia Janusry, 1853. t13 entire building, and contents burned being a loss of $100,000, oa which the insuraac > was $30 00). M. Opoenheimer was then taken int» the firm asa pirtner anil in 1869, on their pressnt location they erected a building 300x66 feet and two otbers, which together are 300x44. In January, 1874, L. Mergentheim became associated in the business. Hary W. Strouse took the place of Henry Sterne in February. 1876. The present firm of Mergentheim, Stern & Strouse was organized in 1886. They afford employment to about 150 hands.

Manufactory Cf Telephon Booths

In 1884, H. Brownell purchased the plaining mill whieh had been started by John Mublfield in 1879, on Cass street near the railroad. Mr Brownell gradually relinquished the plaining mill business and devoted his attention to suund-proof telephone booths, now his exclusive article of manufacture. The booths are built in any desired ornamental wood ahd are beautifully dec orated with wood carving. 'They are built principally for the long distance telephone system and public telephone pay stations. The factory now employs about forty-five hands. C. R. Cox, is the supsrintendent and general manager.

Basket Factory

The Basket and Hoop factory was established in 1872 by Gardner, Blish & Co., who moved from Antioch in consideration of a donation by Peru. The firm failed in 1878 and James M. Brown was appointed receiver. It then passed into the hands of the Citizens' Bank, and after standing idle for two years, Lewis Benedict rented the buildings and continued the manufacture of baskets. Henton & Talbot purchased the interest of Benedict in April, 1882 and after eighteen months Henton withdrew and Frank M. Tatbot eontinued the business until the spring of 1893, and them moved his machinery away. In June, 1893, the present company leased the building and svon after began operations. For about a year they run a hoop factory in connection with the manufacture of baskets. 'The capacity is two thousand dozen baskets per week. The factory employs sixty-six people. The company consists of the following officers: J. J. Keys, manager; G. R. Chamberlain, president; Azro Wilkinson, secretary.

Officers of the company are: J. O. Cole, president; C. H. Brownell, vice president; R. H. Bousloz secretary, treasurer and manager. 'The directors are J. O. Cole, R. A. Edwards, C..H. Browuaell, W. B. McClintic, L. Mergentheim, FL. N. Talbot and R. H. Bouslog. They have a paid up capital of $100,000.

The company employs a force of from eighty-five to one hundred men and are now running full capacity. They manufacture carbon batteries in very large quantities, as also porcelain gool for all electric appliances, wiring, dynamo fuse boxes, etc. They make a specialty of order work and prepare special dyes for proclain insulators. Their goods are shipped all over the United States, a goo] proportion of Canada, and some exported through buyers. Tney have a capacity of three porcelain kilns per month.

R. H. Bouslog is the directing spivit of this large concern, and to his management of the company's affairs is undoubtedly due the eminence to which they have attain +d. fo. th+y are one of th> larg2st manufacturers of their class of goods in this country.

In addition to the factories described is the L. E. & W. and Wabash shops, the Peru Flax mills, the Brewery, Reed's Bottle works, the Alluminum - Alloy Works, Ice Factory, two foundries, two planing mills, two elevators, three flouring mills. two wagon factories. two bugzy factories and many ether smaller sheps and factories.

Chr Stian Church, Or Desciples Of Christ

The Christian church is the youngest religious organization in Peru. Gu the third Lord's day in January 1893 a Sunday school was organized by Elder 'T. J. Legg, State Sunday School Evangelist of the Christian church. The place of meeting was the basement of Odd Fellows' Temple. 'The Sunday school continued its work until the following year when Chas. M. Fillmore was sent by the State Missionary Board to take charge of the work of organizing aod building up a congregation. At the first call for members, thirteen persons responded. Mr. Fillmore continued revival services for tive wecks, resulting in the addition of many more names to the roll of membership. It soon became evident that if permanent success was to attend the effort a more desirable place of meeting must be sscured. Negotiations were set on foot resulting in the purchase of the old Congregational edifice on tae corner of Main and Miami streets. It was greatly in need of repair and concerning the changes made by the Christian church, the Peru Evening Journal had the following to say: ''Those who pass the corner of Main and Miami streets hardly realize that it is the same old corner. In fact, itis 4 new corner. Great changes have been wrought there. What was afew days ago a dilapidated old eyesore and a disgrace to our pretty little city has been transformed into one of the handsomest buildings in Peru. No improvement that has been made in our city within a year has added more to its beauty than the transformation of the Cengregatidnal church by the congregation of the Christian church."

The services of dedication were conducted by the veteran L. L. Carpenter, of Wabash, on October 15, 1394. Subscriptions were obtained in sutti- cient amounts to cover the cost of the building and there was much joy in the little congregation. Things moved on prosperously and at the end of the second year the following record had been made: During the two years one hundred were added and fourteen Jost making a net membership of ninetynine. 'The Sunday school has an average attendance of six-five; Endeavor society forty-six; Ladies Aid twenty-one. 'Tne church raised for working purposes $576.55. The Missionary society contributed $487.06; the Sunday school raised $161.03; Endeavor socizty $102.17; Ladies Aid $304.12. On the building fund there was raised $1.945.60. Total for all purposes over

J. Wright, of Cincinnati, assisted by A. L. Fillmore and wife, gospel singers. There were over ons hundred ac3essiois. thas doubling the membership. All departments of the church are in excellent working condition. and the outlook for a steady growth in the future is very promising.

The First Baptist Church

The First Baptist congregation has had a remarkable growth. July 18, 1866, E. H. Shirk and wife, F. M. Bacon and wife, M. H. Waters and wife, David DeLawter and wife, Moses Mercer and wife, H. J. Shirk and wife, Geo. Geves and wife and Rev. A. Virgil met and formed a Baptist conference. adopting articles of faith and aconvenant. Rev. Virgil was chosen pastor. Healso acted as a missionary to the Mexico church, holding services there in the afternoon. On October 3d of the same year in response to a call a meeting of various churches to recognize the conference as a church was held. 'Those attending were the minister and representative members of the Huntington. Logansport, Warsaw, Antioch, Mexico, Bunker Hill, Chili and Deer Creek churches. Rev. Virgilserved until May 5, 1867, and during that time nine more members were added. Rev. John Trenoeman was chosen pastor July 5, 1867, and remained in charge till July 1, 1869, when he resigned. Eleven more names were added to the roll during his time.

The brick church building that was tora down last year to make room for the present structure, was begun in 1868, during the pastorate of Rev. Trenneman. A building comumittee, consisting of Harvey J. Shirk, F. S. Hackley and George A. Crowell had its erection in charge. The Jecture room on the lower floor was completed and occupied New Year's day, 1869. When Rev. Trennemau left, a call was extended to Rev. F D. Bland, of Indianapolis. He responded at once, starting his labors with a congregation of twenty-eight members. He was the first minister to occupy the parsonage of the church. The building was completed and dedicated January 2, 1870. Rev. O.B. Stone, of La Fayette, delivered the sermon and $3,000 were raised by subscription at the service. The first church represented a value at its completion of more than $22,000, by far the greater amount of which was furnished by the late E. H. Shirk.

Rev. Bland held a very successful three months' revival in the new church during the early part of 1870 and a hundred and twenty'two names were added to the congregation record. He resigned and left the charge Nov. 2] 1870. A call was made to Rev. George E. Leonard, of Waxsen, Ohio, April

13, 1871. He accepted and took charge on May 5th. He served very successfully and he and his family greatly endeared themselves to the entire congregation. The church debt was entirely canceled during his service. Rev. Leonard offered his resignation October 23, 1881, to accept the more important position of superintendent of missions of the Ohio Baptist convention. His resignation was accepted and resolutions of regret were adopted at his departure, which was some months later.

A call was then extended to Rev. B. Cavins, the present pastor, then at New Albany. He arrived February 27 1882 and preached the first sermon here March 5th. The congregation increased steadily with each succeeding year and as far back as six or seven years ago it was found the increase was such as to demand a larger elitic>. Estimates were secured on a suggested addition and eniargement of the building but it was found the expense would be too great tor the result. June 8, 1892, a congregational meeting was held in response to the call of the trustees, Milton Shirk, Willard Griswold and "a Manning, and a new building was discussed. The result was an almost unanimous decision for its immediate erection

A very important incident happend about this time and to it is mainly due the elegance of the present structure. It was the offer of the heirs of the late E. H. Shirk. one of the leading members of the first congregation, to pay | half of any expenditure necessary up to $30,000. 'This liberal offer led to greatly increasing the yalue of the contracts over what they would otherwise have been. Plans were advertised for and in March, 1894, those of Ek. N. Lamm. of Cincinnati, were accepted. 'The contract for construction was given to the Armstrong, Landon & Hunt Co., of Kokomo, and sublet to Goodall & Co. , and John Clifton. It was decided to utilize the valuable lot of the first building and accordingly the structure was razed. The construction of the new church building was begun May 1, 1894, and the corner stone was laid in July. E. N. Lamm, the architect, superintended the work from the first to last.

The present church officers are: Wilard Griswold, John L, Miller, T. E. Ream, Jerry Hardwick and George Blue. trustees; Avery Tudor, clerk; Wn. H. Rife, treasurer; and R. H. Bouslog, J. OU. Ward, T. J. Sullivan, L. E. Clements, George Redman, E. L. Miller, W. H. Kife. George W. Kenny and D. H. Shutt, deacons.

The Methodist Episcopal Church

The first organization of this society was soon after the founding of the town. About the year 1835 a class was formed, but an accurate statement of all the names cannot now be given. The following are some of the names of the griginal class: William M. Reyburn and wife, Geo. S. Fenimore and wife, William R. Mowbray and wife, John Lowe and wife.

There was no regular preacher appointed here until 1844. In 1844. Peru was taken into a circuit with H. B. Beers as pastor. The society worshiped in a small house on Third street, which has long since been removed, In 1849 alot was purchased at the corner of Main and Wabash streets, and the building now occupied by the I. O. O. F. waserected. After the year 1844 and until 1854 the following pastors were assigned: 1845, Ancil Beach: 1846, Enoch Holstoek; $847 and 1548, John S. Donaldson; 1849 and 1850, Walter L. Huftfman: (when Peru was made a station). In 1851, Charles W. Miller; 1352, Milton Mahin; 1853, Frank A. Hardin.

In 1854 there was a division of the soviety, one part of the members remaining at the Main street church, the other worshiping on Third street south of the site of the present new church builling. The following were the assignments of pastors, up to 1859:

In 1859 the two congregations united, anl the following pastors were stationed here: 1859, Samuel N. Campbell; 1860, D. F. Stright. During the year 1860, the church was again divdied and pastors assigned as follows:

It was during shi! year that the churches again united under the present organization, U. E. Disbro continuing in the pastorate the remainder of that conference year. 'The subsequent appointments have been: 1875-'76, John C. Mahin; 1877, H. J. Lacey; 1878-°79, Jacob Colelazer; 1881-83, C. H. Brown; 1883-84, W. H. Daniel; 1885-'87, A.S. Wvoten; 1888-92, E. L. Ssmans; 1893-96, Kk. E. Neal. j

The first class formed had eight members; the present membership is about eight hundred. 'The enrollment in the Sunday school is about four hundred and fifty. The value of property is: -

The Evangelical Lutheran

The chink is out afl debe mDakieg the. Sobbtir uction SE hale new church, the Ladies' Society of the church subscribed and paid $6.500. THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN.

This denomination held services in Peru as early as 1849. The members at that time consisted of Paul Kleemann, Thomas Hetzner and his father, L. Kolk, Charles Koederer, John Bazner and Adam Waltz. They and their families first met for worsbip in a little frame school house, on West Second street, which is yet standing, but has been changed to a dwelling and is ownby Frederick Walppe. Rev. C. Stueken was the first to preach to the little congregation. Thea followed Revs. H. Horst, J. H. Jox. John Streetor, C. A. Germann. H. Diemer and the pre-ent minister. KE. H. Scheips. It was in 1861, while Rev. Stueken was pastor. that the first house of worship was erected. It isa small brick located on Second street, near Hood, now used by the Lutheran school. The congregation grew. In 1861, C. Smith, Peter Fishbach, Michael Reubner, John Greenburg and others were added to the membership. During Rey. Germann's pastorate, in 1874, work was bezun on the handsome, new church. The corner stone was laid May 22, 1875 and the church wags dedicated April 2 1876. It is located on the corner of Main and Fremont streets. It is a brick building forty feet wide, seventy-five feet long with a spire one hundred twenty-five feet high. The entire cost of building, seating organ, etc. was about $11,000. The trustees of the church at that time were Jacob Miller, John Rentz and Valentine Smith. The church now bas about eighty members.

A. M. E. Church

The first meetings of the African M. E. church were held in the old engine house on South Miami street, by Elder Patterson. The present brick church, on the corner of Third and Tippecanoe streets, was built in 1873 and was dedicated in 1874. Rev. Robert Jefferies was then pastor. 'The trustees of the church at that time were Alexander Moss, Robert Watkins and Albert Moss. On account of the congregation being small, the church had not a resident pastor until about two years ago. Prior to that the minister of Logansport or Kokomo preached to the congregation. The church has had about sixteen different ministers since its organization. Rev. Zachariah Roberts is the present pastor. The membership is now very small, containing only about eight members.

A full and complete history of the First Presbyterian, Catholic and Episcopal churches will be found on pages 144-154. In addition to the churches above is the Wesleyan Methodist of North Peru aad the Wesleyan Methodist on Flax hill. Rev. B. L. Couch, assisted by Jas. Chapin conducts services at these churches.

Secret Societies

Peru is well supplied with secret societies, benevolent orders and trade and labor organizations. There are thirty-one of such organizations in the city.

The Masons were the first to establish a secret order. They organized in June, 1844. The charter members were familiar characters in the early his" tory of this county and all their names have been mentioned in some connection in this history. Wm. M. Reyburn was the first Master; Isaac Marquiss, the first senior warden; Richard L. Britton, the first junior warden; George L. Dart, secretary; John M. Jackson, treasurer; John Bush, senior deacon; James Douglas, Judge Potter, Albert Cole and Matthew Fennimore were among the charter members.

Secret Society Directory, January, 1896

No other lodges were established for a good many years that are here now. Iu point of number, the I. O.0.F., Maccabees and Masons stand first. SECRET SOCIETY DIRECTORY, JANUARY, 1896.

Peru Councit No. 58, R & S M. meets 2d Tuesday in each month in Masonic Hall, in Peru. Andrew Wey, I M John Keam. DIM;C.N. Hetzner, PCW; Wm. B. McClintic, treasurer; Louis Affelder, recorder

Peru CHAPTER No. 62. R A M meets 1st Tuesday in each month in Masonic Hall, North Broadway. John F. Days, high priest; Eli J. Jamison, king; Jno. A* Ream, scribe; W. B. McClintic, captain of the host; Louis Affalder, Principle sojourner; W. F. Daly. royal arch captain: Max L-vi, 3d veil; Pierce Pontious, 2d veil; C. R. Cox, lat veil; Andrew Wey treasurer; Jos. H. Larimer, secretary; Wm. R. Sotcher, guard.

Mramt Lopes No. 67, F & A M, meets 2d and 4th Wednesdays of each month in Masonic Hall, North Broadway. John Holsinger, W M; A. K. Clarke. S W; Polk Pontius, J W; Charles Worden, S D; F. M. Shutzbaugh, J D; Charles McElhaney and James Moore. Stewards: Charles Matthews, Secretary; P. B. Nichelson, Henry Lohmyer and Sol Melcher, trustees; Marvin S. Robinson, treasurer; William Sotcher. tiler.

Rut CHaprer No. 120, Eastern Star Lodge meets 2d and 4th Saturdays in each month in Masonic Hall n b'way. Mrs. Henriette Karthol, W. M: John Runkle, W P; Mrs. Lucy Fetter, A M; Mrs. Cordelia Ream, G: Miss Louise Shearer, sect; Miss Carrie Zern. organist.

Peru Canton No. 20, PatriarcHs MILITANT meets.second and fourth Wednesdays of each month ia I OOF hall, south Broadway. OQ. H. Will, captain; R. M. Brooks, lieutenant; J. O. Bozarth, ensign; V. R. Hays, clerk.

Pert Lopee No. 293, D of R, meets every Monday in I. 0. O. F. Temple, corner Main and Wabash. Addie Krise, N G; Kittie Elliott. V G; Lizzie Metzger, secretary; Neliie Woods, treasurer

INDEPENDENT ORDER OF FORESTERS, meets second and fourth Thursdays of each month in I OO F Temple, corner of Main and Wabash streets. Charles Naylor, CR; W Woolpert, V R: Wm Moore, sec; 'T J Corcoran, treas; F Hubbard, fin sec.

ALDEBARAN Court No. 16, Tribe of Ben Hur, meets 2d and 4th Wednesdays in each month in [. 0. O F. corner of Main and Wabash streets. (Officers Janttary. 1895) Rev. M. F. Rickoft, P C; Rev. C. M. Fillmore, C; Lindley M. Test, Jt Rev. B. F. Cavins, T; H. H. Young, S; Harry L. Miller, K T; H. C. Haas, captain; C. J. S. Kumler, G; F. M. Kier, K IG; A. O. Stant, K OG.

MISSISSINEWa COUNCIL. No 462, RoyAL ARCANUM, meets second and fourth Fridays in each month inI OOF hail. Reuben S$ Gleason, R; John Killian, V R; W F Daly, orator; Chas A Parsons, sec; Geo B Sheldon, col; J A Fetter, treads; Michael W Ream, chaplain; Jacob C Walter, guide; Christopher Fitz, warden; Frank M Stutesman, sentry.

C; Alex Osburn, L. C; George Sheldon, R K; J D Oates, F K; W. M. Reyburo chaplain; Hal Clark. sergeant; Fred Goodall, master at arms; E. B. Morse, first master at arms; Ben Black, second master at arms; Henry Merley, sentinel; J. B. Kunse, picket; A. J. Harter, past commander.

Peru Hrve No 33 LApigs oF THE MaccasBess, meets second Friday and fourth Thursday of each month in I O O F Temple, corner of Main and Wabash streets. Mrs Caroline Williamson, P LC; MrsAJ Harter, LC; Mrs. Rebecca Geedling, L R C; Mrs William Drumm, RC; Mrs Ida Linville,

Pere Lovee, No 160, OxDER OF THE WorLv, meets every Wednesday eveniny at Trades Union hall. Michael Bappert, pres; Aaron B Zook, vice pres: C O Gustin, sec.

Miscellaneous

PERU MANNERCHOR, meets lirst Wednesday tn each month at 72 South Broad Wit. - - - - pres; Oscar Wapler. vice pres: Frederick Rasstetter, sec: F.H Fouke, treas; Jacob Wolter, Joseph Terreba and Wentzel Kaukusch, trustees: Charles Steinbach, archivar: Gustave Weiser, derigent.

Mrami County MEDICAL SUCIeTy, meets last Friday of each month in the Academy of Medicine. (; C Maughmer. pres; LO Malsbury. see; J O Ward, treas: JO Malsbury, WH Brenton and O P Litzenberger, censors.

GERMAN AID SoOcieTY, meets first Monday of each month at 104 South Broadway. John Slender, pres; Blausiws Brenkle, vice pres; John Bauer. see; Philip Gratf. treas; Wm Andres and Gus Buchman. fin com; John Kreig, John Huber and A H Kalbfleisch, trustees.

Besides the above societies there are the Sons of Veterans, (at present disbanded) the Women's Relief Corps of the G. A R., a number of benefit orders, and several trade and labor organizations. The cigar makers, glass blowers and printers each haue strong organizations.

Boot

BOOT Elvin, W. J. 7s Lafayette Kuch. Daniel, 29 w second Koob, Jacob, e second Miller. W H, 62 s b'way Tully, John 278 w sixth Wiltman, Wm, e main

Carriage And Wagon Manufacturers And Dealers

BRICK YARDS. Bruck, Joseph & Sons, dukes, vor 13th Clifton, John & Son, s peru BUILDING AND LOAN ASSOCIATION. Miami County Loan and Savings association, 18 s b'way BILL POSTERS. Brown, Albert G, at Crume's book store Stutesman, Charles W, at Wampler's book store CARPETS AND RUGS. Hale, Johu S & Co, 16 and 18 s b'way Shirk & Miller. 6 n b'way CARRIAGE AND WAGON MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS. Ager, U A, 48 b'way Ellis, Styles & Co, 18-20 w dth

Confectionery

DRUGGISTS. Blue Drug Store, 26 s b'way Chickasaw Pharmacy, 6 s b'way Hamaker, M W, 104s b'way Opera House Drug Store, 51 n b'way Porter, 12 n b'way Thiebaud & Co, 74 s b'way

Dry Goods

DRY GOODS. French Bizaa>, Felix. Lavi 563 b'wiy Gregg AH 6 sb'way Hale, John S & Co, 16 and18sb'way Kittner, D & Sons, 52 s b'way Meinhart, Henry, 8 5 b'way Shirk & Miller 6 n b'way

Glass Manufacturers

GENERAL STORE. Betzner, J A, 57 w main Chicago Fair. 71 s b'way Shirk & Miller, 6 n b'way GENTS' FURNISHERS. Falk, Julius, 1 & 3s b'way Hall & Loewenthal, 68 s b'way Kittner D & Sons, 52s b'way Kaufman & Merner, 19 s b'way Shirk & Miller, 6 n b'way GLASS MANUFACTURERS.

Gunsmith

Miner, O L, 10s b'way Ord, David & Son, 124 n grant Petty, A J. cor b'way & Second Ream A A, 28 e main Ryan J P, 62 n grant Schmoll Bros, 26 n b'way Schram, E A, 54s b'way Schumacher, Jacob, 2 n grant Shirk & Miller, 12 w main Shiveley, S L, 286 w main Weimer, B F, 32 e main Smith, C, 124 5 b'way Whittenberger, RS, 22s b'way Shauman, Leroy, 7 e third. GUNSMITH

Hardware Horse Furnishings

HARDWARE. Barnhart, Joel 1118 b'way Beck, John P 7s b'way Matthews, B. W. & Son, 5 s b'way Pickard & Caple, 15 e main Puterbaugh Bros. 66 s b'way Shirk & Miller, 14 and 16 w main HORSE FURNISHINGS. Ager, U A, 4s b'way Gray, E T, 55 n b'way Morse, H M, 53 n b'way Reyburn, W H, 113 s b'way

Meat

Brownell, C H, cass and 8th MARBLE Troyer, M S, 200 n b'way cor 8th MEAT Demerle, Jack, 17 s b'way Levy Bros, 30 e main Nelp, Lewis, 15 w 3d Seisler, John, 16 w canal White. A H, 24 e 3d

Music And Musical. Instruments

Chronicle, (Evening Daily), Opera blk Journal, (Evening Daily), 10 w 3d Mimai County Record, (weekly), sb'way MiamiCounty Sentinel, (weekly), 22e3d Republican, (weekly) 26 e Main

Physicians And Surgeons

Alford, Henry, 51.n b'way Brenton, W. H, over First Nat. Bank Bloomfield, E M, 85 w. 3d Hikenberry, A A, 52 w 3d Graham. BR. over Postoffice Griswold, E H, Hass, H C; 76 e 3d Helm..C J, 153 w 3d Kalbfleish, A H. 35 w 6th Malsbury JO, 74s b' way Malsbury, LO, 74s b'way McDowell, H P, 104 s b'way Passage, H V, 62s b'way Pence Rawlen, 78 w 6th Ridenour, DC. Spooner, Jared, 67 w main Taylor, Mrs Clair, 28 ¢ 3d Ward J H, over First N Bank Watkins, T H, 21.e main Wainscott, ==> Linville, L M, 9s b'way Miller, L A, 53 w 3d

Planing Mills Real Estate Agents

Andres, Jos, & Co, 10 n b'way Bender, R, 126 s b'way Devine, John, 302 e main Hansman. Wm, 22 s b'way Hofferberth, Bros, 9 w 2d Kieley, Frank, opp depot Meyers, R.C, 67 s b'way

Bearss Sample Room 23 s b'way Benham, Frank, 102 s b'way Graf, George, 14 s b'way Helderle, George F, 110 s b'way Hotel, Wayne, opp Union depot McCarthy, D F, 15 s b'way O'Brien, Mike, 123 s b'way Purcell, M A, 11 w 2d

Sohool Trustees

John ©. Owens resigned July 2. 1867, and Zsaac Burnett was elected te fill the vacancy. Isaac Burnett resigned July 9, and [Thomas J. McDowell was elected to fill the vacancy July 12.

School Trustees

'Third Ward - Josepb Wanbaugh, Thomas J. McDowell. Fourth Ward - Andrew ©. Gardner, Eli J. Jamison. SCHOOL TRUSTEES. Juseph G. Stevenson. John T. Stevens. John H. Jamison Tax levy, $1.85 on each $100. 50 cents Poll. December 4, 1874, John McKenna, resigned and Johu A. Grabam was elected to fill the unexpired term.

First Ward - John A, Graham, Charles F. Griggs. Second Ward - John Muhlfield, Andrew Fasnacht. Third Ward - Hirsh Bear. John H. Beck. Fourth Ward - David H. Armantrout, James M. Brown. SCQHOOL TRUSTEES.« John H. Emswiler, Gotlieb Conradt, George I. Reed. Tax levy. $1.80 on each $100. 50 cents Poll. James G. Goldsmith failed to make report of the funds. Henry Andres was elected to fill the vacancy September 1, 1879 Water Works Bonds for $110,000 was sold during the year.

William C. Hewes resigned February 7, 1882, and John A. Grabam was elected. William B. Reyburn died March 30, 1882. and John A. Graham was appointed Mayor, pro tem, and elected to fill the unexpired term