Randolph County, Indiana - Military, 1882 (part 4 of 4)

The ship was detained to witness the hoisting of the flag on Fort Sumter, and then went to New York. His orders then were to proceed via Panama to the ship Lancaster, in San Francisco harbor, which was done.e Shortly after, he was detailed in the steamer Saginaw to cruise for the Florida, the rebel steamer which had been capturing vessels in the Pacific Ocean. While the Saginaw was cruising in the North Pacific to hunt the Florida, that vessel had run through Magellan Straits and to Liverpool, and given herself up to the English Government.

The Saginaw was then detailed to accompany the Russia-American expedition to accomplish surveys and soundings across Behring's Straits for laying a cable there. The expedition was to operate during the summer, and to winter at the mouth of the Amoor River, and in Japan. News came that the Atlantic cable had been successfully laid, and the Behring's Straits project fell dead. Meanwhile, a schooner had sailed with fifty miles of cable on board, for Alaska, and the cable lies there at Alaska yet, perhaps. Mr. C. left San Francisco on the Saginaw for Acapulco to join the Lancaster there. That vessel, however, had left two days before the Saginaw, for the Sandwich Islands. He reported to the senior naval officer at Panama. Dr. John Maxwell, Fleet Surgeon, had been appointed Acting Consul at the port of Panama, and Dr. C. was detailed by him as Inspector of Customs for the Panama Railroad, which position he filled for six weeks, and was ordered to the ship St. Mary's, then in the harbor of Callao, Peru, to take charge of the storeship Fredonia, and prepare it for a hospital ship for the South Pacific Squadron, which was done. During that service, he witnessed the bombardment of Callao by the Spaniards in their war with Peru, and was at Lima, Santiago, etc., on the Pacific coast of South America. He was next appointed to the United States ship Suwanee, which cruised on the Western Pacific coast, in the Pacific Squadron. Having thus had four years' sea service, he was ordered to the United States, came by steamer to New York (via. Panama), and thence home. In six weeks an order was received to report at Philadelphia, to join the Asiatic Squadron for a three years' cruise. Not wishing sea life longer, he resigned his commission. He then settled in medical practice at home; first at Whitewater, Ind., then in Bradford, Ohio, then at Union City, Ind. (since 1873). His parents were of Irish descent, but born in America. He was a member of the Council at Bradford, and Secretary of the Board of Educatiqn; has been a member of the Board of Health for Union City; is President of the Randolph County Medical Society, and a member of the State Medical Society, and has been Master of Turpen Lodge, No. 401, A, F. & A. M., for six years. He has been a long time a member of the Disciple's Church, and for six years Cfer® of that society at Union City. He is a wide-awake Republica ud an enthusiastic temperance worker. He was (with Col. \ anor) Executive Agent in the woman's crusade to prosecute the saloon-keepers. At Bradford, Ohio, while member of the Council, he was successful in the passage and enforcement of a stringent ordinance against drinking saloons, which greatly checked drunkenness and crime in that town.

Dr. C. is in the prime of mature manhood, enthusiastic in his profession, and may look forward hopefully to a long, honorable and prosperous career of usefulness and success among his fellow men.

"T was captured near Sunshine Church, Ga., during Stoneman's raid, 120 miles south of Atlanta. The expedition set out for the purpose of releasing the prisoners at Macon and Andersonville. We went to Macon, but the prisoners had been moved. Stoneman attacked Macon, but McCook failed to come to time, and we fell back. The rebel advance was met at 10 o'clock P. M. We skirmished until next day, and were surrounded and forced to surrender. So instead of releasing the prisoners at Andersonville, the soldiers were scooped into that awful den themselves. I entered that 'hell above ground' August 2, 1864; was taken to Charleston in November; to Florence in December; afterward to Wilmington, and at length to the Union lines at Goldsboro, N. C., in March, 1865, for parole.

"T went in hungry; never had a full meal; could have eaten any day at one meal my whole rations for an entire day, i. e, had they been fit for a human creature to eat, which they were not. Our bread was mostly made from coarse corn meal badly baked, and wretched stuff. But we ate it, and I came out alive.

"'T went in weighing 216 pounds, but in seven months, when paroled, my weight was only 145 pounds. I had remarkable health for such a place, but language cannot describe such a den of horrors!

"'T had, when captured, a suit of well worn army clothes, and I wore the same without change, with no soap, until I was nearer naked than clad.

"The brook was filth itself. I had no vessel to wash in. There was no water for any purpose but that dreadful stream, thick with the vileness of 35,000 living and dead prisoners. The only time we had the means of washing in clean water was in a heavy rain which fell. The prisoners stripped, and stood rubbing each others' backs and limbs as the rain poured in torrents upon them. Soon after that rain, a great wonder came to pass in that stockade. A spring of pure, clean water came gushing forth in the midst of that prison pen, and ran a life-giving stream, enough for those famishing people. It seemed almost like the stream flowing from the 'rock in the wilderness.' The water of this spring sufficed for drinking and cooking, though but little of that was done, in sooth. Men were in line waiting their turn at that heaven-sent fountain all day long. Sometimes the ' waiting line' numbered 1,000 men. Before that spring burst forth from out that cursed ground, the filthy water of the brook was all that anybody in that stockade could procure, except that now and then a poor fellow had found a little water by digging.

**One day a poor fellow (among scores and hundreds of others like him), bespoke my pity who had got fast in the mire of the brook, and I helped him out. Great numbers, sick and helpless, were there besides, and I worked helping the poor wretches a long time, until at last I had to quit to save myself.

"T have counted as many as seventy corpses lying stiff and stark at the gate, in onemorning, of persons who had died in one dreadful night; and the living would fight for the privilege of carrying a comrade's lifeless remains forth to the burial-ground outside, because by so doing one got the chance to bring in an arm load of wood gathered outside.

"During all that awful suffering, the great body of those men stood firm and steadfast in their loyalty, resisting every attempt to seduce them from their allegiance to their native land. Many times we were marshaled in line and offered freedom and abundance by joining the ranks of the 'men in grey,' but very few yielded even to such offers.

"True as steel, those heroic men continued faithful to their flag, many of them even unto death. And those who lived to gain their freedom, if able for duty, rejoined their regiments and finished their terms of service on the tented field."

William W. Macy, late of White River Township, is a son of Dr. William Macy, who was for many years a prominent physician of Randolph County, and one of the founders of the town of Farmland. Dr. Macy removed some years ago from this county to Wisconsin, and died in the Northwest an old man, not very long ago.

W. W. Macy was born in 1841, being a native of the county. He took to wife, in 1867, Miss Alice Addington, also a native born daughter of Randolph, and they have one child, a son.

At the commencement of the war, being about twenty years of age, he enlisted as a private in the Nineteenth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry (three years), July 19, 1861, Company C. He was mustered into service July 29, 1861, as Fifth Sergeant. The Nineteenth was transported to the Kgstern army without delay, arriving at the federal capital August 19, 1861. There they were assigned to the First Brigade, First Division, First Army Corps, Grand Potomac Army. Among the severe engagements in which Mr. Macy took part were:

Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862, as also Gainesville, second Bull Run, South Mountaiii, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Fitzhugh's Crossing, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, around Petersburg and Richmond, Weldon Railroad, Hatcher's Run, Gravelly Run, pursuit of Lee after the evacuation of Richmond, etc. This band of Indiana heroes, brave among the bravest, spent nearly their whole time of service in either Maryland or Virginia, mostly tne latter. Comparatively few Indiana regiments belonged to the Eastern army, and the Nineteenth was one among the five who sustained the reputation of the Hoosier State for heroic valor in the presence of their Eastern comrades. The five regiments referred to were the Seventh, Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Nineteenth and Twentieth.

Concerning this group of regiments, shattered and broken by the furious storms of warlike strife, cut down by scores, and many times well-nigh annihilated, a most thrilling account might be given. Out of the five, originally fulland strong,it came to pass at lenoth that the remnants of four of them were consolidated into one, and that only itself a fragment, composing a mere battalion. Gen. Lewis Wallace fitly and most pathetically describes these inen belonging to the five Indiana regiments swallowed up in the Eastern army as being ''our lost children," like Ferdinand De Soto and his gallant comrades in the wildernesses of the " New World."

So noted did the brigade become to which the Nineteenth belonged as to earn for itself, not without abundant reason, the sobriquet of the "Iron Brigade," and to this famous brigade did the Nineteenth beiong for more than four years.

W. W. Macy was in all the battles of the regiment, except during the Wilderness campaign, he being then confined in the hospital, prostrated with the loathsome and dreadful smallpox.

Escaping with life and restored to health, he rejoined his command, and surviving every danger and outbraving every peril, he received a finai discharge during the summer of 1869. He did not escape wounds, a "'minie ball" making its track along his skull at Fredericksburg, making, however, only a slight wound. He was promoted First Lieutenant April 26, 1863. Two days afterward he helped to fight the battle of Fitzhugh's erussing; and May 3, 1863, was at Chancellorsville; July 1 to 3, 1868, found the ''Iron Brigade" at Gettysburg, with our subject among them. At this latter battle, another " minie ball' made an attempt to make acquaintance with the inner regions of his cranium, but, as before, so this time also, without success, though, being fast asleep, he was not able to dodge the bullet. November-26, 1863, he was sent to Indiana on recruiting service, returning to the field and the camp February 24, 1864. Shortly after his arrival, the small-pox seized him asa victim (March 3), and only loosened its grasp when six weeks had elapsed, thirty days' furlough being then granted to allow him to visit the " old folks at home," which had not before been done. He was at Petersburg and in the Richmond campaign; was present at the terrible explosion in front of the former place; helped to destroy the Weldon Railroad; was at Hatcher's Run and Gravelly Run, and in the chase after Lee after he fled from Richmond, and was at the headquarters of Gen. Humphreys, commanding the Second Corps, on that eventful morning, when the rebel chieftain made the surrender of his army to Gen. Grant.

He had some months before, to wit, December 2 and 14, 1864, commissioned and mustered Captain of Company A, Twentieth Regiment, re-organized and afterward transferred to Company A. We quote from Military History of Randolph County: "His company was part and parcel of that magnificent and triumphant army, whose shining platoons marched in files of twelve deep along the broad avenues of Washington City, passing as they did the gorgeous platform upon which were posted the members of the National Administration and the military chieftains of the hour."

The adventures of Capt. Macy were many, but time fails to recount them. He was mustered out with the regiment July 12, 1865, having served just three days less than four years. Since that time, he has been somewhat prominent in official life - Clerk and Marshal of Union City, Deputy Sheriff and Sheriff of Randolph County, Deputy six or seven years, and Sheriff about three years, serving the public in all faithfully and well. He is now holding a position at the Federal City, under Commissioner Dudley, of the Pension Office.

Capt. M. attended as a witness the trial of Gen. Fitz John Porter, in 1876, with also two others from Randolph County, Before his marriage, and after the war, he was during several months an active and wide-awake student in connection with Liber College, Jay County, Ind., then under the charge of Rey. |

The ''Macy connection'? has been from old a wondrous and powerful company, scattered far and wide throughout the land. They sprang, however from a single root, viz., the famous Thomas Macy, who sailed in an open boat around Cape Cod, and landed upon Nantucket Island in the days of "'auld lang syne." : The Macys are now found in Alabama, Carolina, California, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Wisconsin and elsewhere also. Their number (known and recorded) a few years ago was 1,276. Massachusetts had the largest share, 703, and Indiana 359, Randolph being able to boast, both in former and present times, of many families of the name, all of whom are upright, respectable and enterprising citizens.

W. W. Macy, mustered Juno 29, 1861, as Fifth Sergeant; Company ©, Ninteenth, 1861; wounded ac the battle of South Mountain; promoted First Lieutenant; commissioned March 1, and mustered April 26, 1863; promoted Captain of Company I, Twentieth Regiment Indiana re-organized; commisioned Decenber, and mustered December 14, 1864; transferred to Company A; mustered out with the regiment July 12, 1865.

R. H. Morgan

"After the battle of Pittsburg Landing was a fearful time. For two weeks we were camped in the woods, with almost no equipage; rain nearly all the time; and then came two months in the trenches before Corinth, Miss.

"JT was an Abolitionist, and had a "warm side'' toward the negroes. When camped at Spring Garden, Ky., two negroes came into camp. wishing to join the army. They had been in camp before, and the master had got an order for their arrest, had pursued and shot at them, and had caught and taken them home. The next night they came again. I told them to hide in the wagons. They did so, and kept hid for 150 miles. The teamsters began to unload, and found the "darkies." '' How came you here?"' "Lieut. Morgan told us to hide here." Next day

I was ordered to report to headquarters. '"' What does Gen. Woods want of me?" 'About those negroes, I presume." Hardin, who brought the orders, said to me, '* Better send them back. The orders are very strict against harboring slaves, and you may, perhaps, be given over to the State authorities, and the penalty is death for running off negroes.'' 'I cannot do it; you send them back." But he wouldn't, either, and finally acknowledged it wrong to doso. A Minnesota regiment was lying across Green River, and I said to the negroes, ''Go over there and hire out as cooks, and never speak my name as long as you live." They promised, and left instanter.

"Gen. Asahel Stone was in cap, and he went with me to Gen. Woods' quarters. The General was very bluff, and said, "Send those negroes back.'' I said, 'General, I don't know where they are, and have no control over them. They are free to go where they please. You have no proof that I ever saw them. If they knew enough to hide themselves 15\) miles, they certainly can take care of themselves without my help." I was dismissed, and left. Gen. Stone talked awhile with Gen. Woods, and I never heard any more of the matter. Before long, the Federal army found enough else tv do besides catching negroes. I saw the two twelve months afterward. They were in the same regiment, doing well.

"One day an old negro, seventy years oJd, came into camp and said, ''I wish to see the General." He was taken to headquarters. ''General," said he, 'I know of a camp of guerrillas. I will guide you there if you wish." A squad was sent, and the whole camp was captured. The old negro stayed with the army, and at length crossed the Ohio River.

'Several slaves from Alabama were hid among the baggage, and they were never found. Strict search was made for one of them. Maj. Smith, a rich slaveholder, Twenty-fourth Kentucky, rode up and down the column and the train, passing many times the very wagon in which he lay hid; but the poor fellow got safe away.

"At the battle of Perryville, a rebel regiment from North Carolina came into the Union lines. They were splendid looking men, and really Union men at heurt. They came in cheerfully, glad ihat their fighting against the old flag was over."

James B. Ross, Union City, was born in Holmes County, Ohio, in 1844; enlisted in the Sixteenth Ohio Infantry in the fall of 1861, being mustered in at Wooster, Ohio, Colonel John De Courcey (Colonel in the English Army; absent on three years' leave).

Mr. R. served three years and two months. He was discharged (mustered out) at Columbus, Ohio, in October, 1864. The regiment was at the first taking of Cumberland Gap, in the battle of Tazewell, near the Gap, and having been hemmed in by Bragg, escaped by marching through the mountains of Kentucky 200 miles to Gwynnettsburg. On the Ohio, up Kanawha to Charleston, down the Ohio to Louisville and to Memphis and Vicksburg, in the terrible repulse at Chickasaw Bluffs, behind Vicksburg, losing 270 men; up Arkansas River to Arkansas Post, capturing all its garrison; at Milliken's Bend to help dig "Grant's Canal." The r2giment lay in sight as the Union guuboats came gallantly down past Vicksburg, and, as they steamed along the channel beyond the dreaded batteries on the Vicksburg bluffs, a happy lot of fellows stood and looked on that glorious sight. The regiment crossed the Mississippi on a bridge of gunboats below Grand Gulf; were in the battles of Magnolia (Port Gibson), Jackson, Raymond, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, and the siege of Vicksburg- - sixty-four days, under fire nearly all that fearful time. They went to New Orleans, Brashear City, Opelousas, Algiers; thence to Texas on the "cold New Year's" day, Indianola, Matagorda Island, New Orleans, up Red River with Banks. In returning, Banks wished to leave the fleet. Some objected. He granted ten days to get them over the rapids. Col. Bailey in ten days did the work; 5,000 men and 500 teams accomplished tho exploit, clearing twenty acres of its forest, and digging up a stone quarry. A dam was built, made from tree-tops, up stream, with cross timbers between the butts, the tops weighted down with rocks brought from up the river, on flat-boats. Flat-boats were anchored at the edges of the dam and fastened by huge iron bolts to the rocks in the bed of the stream. Down the roaring, dashing torrent, through that fearful sluiceway rushed one by one that fleet of monitors and gunboats., bouncing, plunging, almost tumbling as they went, but safely reaching the river below the dam. Those mighty vessels shot through that fearful passage tike a feather. They were at Morganza Bend with a train fourteen miles long, to be guarded; were in the Yellow Bayou battle, etc.

Spring of 1865, Mr. Ross was at school at Ashland, Ohio; taught a country school; was Principal, Orville, Ohio, five years, and at Canal Fulton two years; came to Union City in 1875, engaging in the law. He has been Justice two years, and Mayor two years. He is a sensible, upright and honorable man.

While Mayor of Union City, he was selected to conduct at Winchester the famous preliminary examination in the Lumpkin-Lewis case, to decide whether Mr. Lewis could have bail. Mr. Ross discharged the delicate and difficult duty with propriety and dignity, and proved himself a worthy and competent magistrate. Mr. R. is married, and he has had three children.

Benjamin Simmons was wounded at Thompson's Hill, Miss., May 1, 1862; lay on the battle-field until May 5, and was taken to a large house on the bank of the Mississippi, below Vicksburg.

Nore - Abram Hoke, of Union City, Ind., worked on that house in 1860. The building contained 600,000 bricks, and cost an immense sum of money, and it was occupied by the United States Government as a hospital. He says,

"'T was taken to Grand Gulf May 13; stayed there until June 5. Gov. Morton came with his hospital boat and took us to Evansville. Iwas in the City Hospital until July 3, then at Indianapolis until July 7. Iwas then furloughed home for thirty days; went back for eight or ten days, and was furloughed again, and so on until November. I was then detailed to the Provost Marshal's office, at Indianapolis, and continued there until the close of the war, June 30, 1865. I helped arrest Milligan, Horsey, Bowles and Dodd, and Heffron, and to capture the revolvers, ammunition and powder sent to Indianapolis in the conspiracy by the Sons of Liberty. We took thirty-four boxes of revolvers and fixed ammunition in the old book-bindery of the Sentinel office. The boxes were three feet by one foot by fourteen inches. The revolvers were seven shooters. The boxes were marked Sunday school books, on the outside. The plot was discovered by the detectives of Gen. Carrington. We took also 104 kegs of powder, in zinc-covered boxes. They had been sent on to Terre Haute, but were found there and brought back to Indianapolis, and I helped to put them into the magazine.

"Dodd escaped; Hettron turned State's evidence, and Milligan, Horsey and Bowles were tried by military commission and sentenced to be hung, but at the last moment were reprieved by President Johnson, and their sentence was at lenocth revoked by the United States Court on the yround that a military commission had not the right to try them outside of the military lines.

"Comrade Long and myself broke in the book-case containing the books for the ritual, etc., for the Golden Circle, in Heffron's office, and there were three or four bushels of them, and we turned them over to the Provost Marshal. There was also a plot at the same time (by the secret lodges of the Sons of Liberty) to capture the Government, release the rebel prisoners in Camp Morton and turn the State in favor of the rebe] cause; but the whole conspiracy, extending by kindred lodges far and wide throughout the West, was found out in time, and checkmated. These revolvers, etc., were brought to the State under a false preteuse of being Sunday school books, and they were to be distributed to the members of the Golden Circle through the State, arrangements naving been perfected for the purpose."

Gen. Asahel Stone, Commissary General. Isaiah Mansur was appointed April 15, 1861. The troops were pouring by thousands into camp, fresh from home, and had to be fed. He did his best, but the men were not easily satisfied. He was "'investigated,"' and the committee reported. The Senate did nothing, but the House demanded Gen. M.'s removal; whereupon he gladly resigned. He had done his best; and, what is more, had paid nearly all the bills from his own money; but the boys were Sone ae and he thankfully "got out of their way" May 29, 1861. :

On the same day, Hon. Asahel Stone, State Senator from Randolph County, was appointed to the place. He entered upon his duties at once, and with general satisfaction. The economy of his administration is set forth by the fact that during the time from May 29, 1861, to September 1, 1862, 728,000 rations were issued and his whole expenses, including salary, clerks, office rent, etc., amounted to only $94,159.16, averaging about 12 cents per ration.

October, 1862, Gen. 8. was appointed Quartermaster General, which position he accepted and the duties of which he discharged until the close of the war, as will be hereafter related at some length.

Although Gen. Stone did no service upon the field, and had no command of troops at the front or otherwise, yet his duties were of great importance, and required a high degree of patriotism, activity and skill, all of which he showed in a most satisfactory manner through his entire term of office.

State Quartermaster General. - - Col. Thomas A. Morris was appointed April 16, 1861. Col. Morris was commissioned Brigadier General April 29, 1861, and on the same day, April 29, 1861, John H. Vajen, Esq., was chosen in his place, and filled the position with remarkable success.

May 30, 1862, Mr. Vajen resigned, and John C. New, Esq., succeeded him. He resigned, and October 15, 1862, Hon. Asahel Stone was appointed to the position. No mere description can tell his duties. He was an "officer of all work," a kind of "military breakwater," and right nobly did he stand up to the work required at his hands.

When he tovk charge of the bakery at Camp Morton, the capacity was 6,000 to 7,000 Joaves daily. It was soon enlarged to 11,000 or 12,000, and afterward still more than that. The profit to the State proved to be $157,000; $100,000 of this amount was expended for buildings, Soldiers' Home, bread to soldiers' families, etc, and about $57,000 was a clear saving to the Government, not having been expended in the service in any manner. His additional duties - establishing and maintaining the Soldiers' Home, the Ladies' Home, etc., etc., were discharged with like fidelity and success.

'* His department has been a large cumbrous machine, but it has been managed with great fidelity, ability and success, for which he is well entitled to the thanks of the State. His position has been one of great labor and responsibility, and its duties have been performed to my entire satisfaction." Such a commendation from such a source is surely enough.

Account of the operations of Gen. Asahel Stone, Commissary (xeneral and Quartermaster General of the State of Indiana, during most of the war of 1861:

For some months (May, 1861, to September, 1862), Gen. Stone was Commissary General, providing supplies and feeding the soldiers at Indianapolis, and perhaps elsewhere. This department of business wus transferred to the General Government, and his occupation in that respect was at an end. Gov. Morton, however, was convinced that the State of Indiana must not lose sight of her soldiers in the field, and that she must continue to caye for them in every possible way. Gen. Stone had long been employed in rendering all possible aid to the soldiers in the field, some account of which is here given.

September 14, 1861, at 11:30 o'clock A. M., Gov. Morton directed Gen. Stone to got ready to start at 12:45 o'clock P. M. of the same day, to Western Virginia, to look after the wants and needs of our troops there, dreadful reports of their destitution and sufferings reaching his ears daily. At that time the Seventh, Ninth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Fifteenth and Seventeenth Indiana Regiments, and Capt. Bracken's Cavalry were near Cheat Mountain. Two agents had been sent before, but they had achieved but litte success. At the appointed time, one and a quarter hours after his notification, Gen. Stone was on the train, with full authority and instructions from Gov. Morton. Sun day, September 15, was partly spent at Columbus, Ohio; but during the day he left on a train made up to carry the Thirtysecond Ohio, and a company of Ohio cavalry.

September 1S, he left Webster on horseback with Lieut. Col. (since Maj. Gen.) Beattie, of the Third Ohio, for the army, sixty or seventy miles south. They arrived at Hlkwater Camp, under command of Gen. Reynolds, of Indiana, at 1 o'clock P. M. September 9), he set out with a proper guard to the summit of Cheat Mountain, accompanied by Gen. Reynolds. This was the most advanced post. At his request, the men who were able were paraded in the middle of the road for inspection. Then was fully realized the sad fact than not half the fearful truth had been told of the destitute condition of these men. They Wore 1n rags, many without shoes or hats, and very few had overcoats, and none had blankets, the latter having been used in patching their clothes; and all this in that chilly, rugged, mountainous region, with rain almost every day. The only wonder is that any were able for duty. There was great neglect some where, for the Government had abundant supplies, and Gen. Stone's business was to find those supplies and have them sent on to the troops forthwith. He immediately returned to Indianapolis with the foilowing memorandum: '' The Thirteenth wants everything; the Fourteenth everything but 205 overcoats; the Fifteenth everything but overcoats; the Seventeenth wants everything; the cavalry wants boots, coats, gloves, rubber blankets, some haversacks and canteens; and all need caps with oilcloth coverings, and woolen blankets.'' He arrived at Indianapolis September 24. On the 27. he left again for West Virginia. with

He examined at Wheeling, Grafton, Clarksburg, Webster, and at all the smaller posts, as also at nearly all the places in Western Virginia, north of the Kanawha River, where there were or had been military stores, and returned to Indianapolis three times before succeeding. October 18, he saw again some of the regiments, viz., the Fourteenth, Fifteenth and Seventeenth, on dress parade, much improved in appearance and comfort, since large supplies had reached them before that time, while yet many more had not yet come to hand.

October 23, while he was with the army, a large lot arrived amid cheers and general rejoicing, which were instantly distributed to the men, to their intense delight.

October 25, he started for the last time for Indianapolis, feeling that a good work had been done for our soldiers; and Gov. Morton had the pleasure to learn very shortly that the Indiana soldiers in West Virginia had been well supplied with everything needed, and that all were comfortable.

Rumors were constantly coming of the deplorable condition of Indiana soldiers in hospitals in Missouri, and especially in St. Louis. Wherefore, on November 4, 1861, Gen. S., with full power and authority, and instructions from Gov. Morton, left Indianapolis for St. Louis. At that point there were fifteen or twenty hospitals. He visited them all, and found out the condition of Indiana soldiers there. Many were very sick, and great numbers died; but he discovered that by far the greatest number were really despondent and homesick; and that what they needed was a furlough of thirty or sixty days to see wife and babies, and that with that they would come out all right and return in good spirits; and he told Gov. Morton so, and asked for all his influence to accomplish that result. The request was cheerfully granted, and with that and by the generous aid and co-operation of Gen. Curtis, who was a very kind and humane officer, he got an order that he might pass through the hospitals, and that whoever he should select for the purpose should be furloughed home without delay. This was surely an extensive and remarkable order, and its execution was much hindered and obstructed by some of the Surgeons, and by Gen. Curtis' Adjutant. Their opposition caused, however, only some delay. Many of the orders to the surgeons to prepare the men to leave with rations, etc., and all furloughs and transportation orders Gen. Stone had himself to prepare ready for signature, because that officer would do nothing only as he was obliged to do, and even that very unkindly and ungraciously. The General's plan was to go through a hospital with the Surgeon (and many of them performed the duty gladly, while some did not), take down the names of those who needed to be furloughed, with company, regiment and residence, and the same night fill up their furloughs, get them signed the next morning, and have the men sent home forthwith. In this way by November 22, he had obtained furloughs for over five hundred men. He found the men at Pilot Knob in good condition, under Col. (afterward Gov.) Baker. November 26, he left St. Louis for Syracuse, Tipton, Otterville aud Sedalia, finding the Kighth, Highteenth, Twenty-second and Twenty-fifth Indiana, The vayious churches, schoolhouses, etc., were taken for hospitals. He visited the hospitals frequently and did all he could for the soldiers inthem. The regiments were paid at that time, and, by request of the officers and men of those regiments, Gen. S. brought to Indianapolis for the Highth, Eighteenth, Twenty-second, Twenty-fourth, Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth Indiana on the 18th of December, 1861, about $18,000, and expressed it according to directions, into various parts of the State.

Second Visit To Missouri

During the latter part of January, 1862, he visited the army again, in Western Missouri, and brought home for the Highth, Twenty- fourth and Twenty-sixth Regiments and Frybarger's Battery, $15,484.60. The last of March, 1862, he left Indianapolis for Pea Ridge, Arkansas? His mission was to do the soldiers all the good he could, and bring home such sums of money from the army as our men might wish to send. He went from Indianapolis by rail to St. Louis, and so to Rolla, Mo., and thence to Springfield and Pea Ridge by a wagon road, traveling more than two hundred miles of mud road, and on horseback: All along this dreary road he found worn-out, sick and wounded soldiers, with a furlough, but no money, many of them lying by the wayside or sheltered from the storm in some old shed or worthless outbuilding, helpless and penniless. These he forwarded by the numerous Government wagons going back empty from the army at the front to Rolla for supplies. Several hospitals were at Springfield, and many sick and wounded men, all of whom he visited and assisted as far as was in his power, furloughing many of them to their homes.

At Bentonville, five or six miles from the battle-field of Pea Ridge, Ark., almost every house and the court house were used as hospitals, and he found there great numbers of wounded men, and some sick.

The main army was located near the battle-ground of the Pea Ridge fight. While he was there, the soldiers received payment of their ducs, and the Kighth, Eighteenth and Twentysecond Regiments of infantry, and Klauss' Battery sent home by him $58,049. 55.

Pittsburg Landing

On the 26th of April, 1862, he started for Pittsburg Landing, via Louisville, to care for the sick and wounded there. At Jeffersonville, he found 16() wounded men, just arrived; but the ladies of that city had them in charge, and they were doing well, being located in a large hall. April 28, 1862, he hired the steamer W. W. Crawford at $200 per day, they to furnish the hands, and he the provisions and the fuel, for the transportation of thesick and wounded from the Shiloh battle. The same day, they took on board those wounded soldiers and landed them at New Albany, where were fine hospital accommodations. Taking a supply of stores, and stopping on the way at Smithfield, Paducah, Fort Henry and Savannah, to visit the hospitals there, the steamer reached Pittsburg Landing May 2, 1862, at 5 P. M. That boat was the first State supply bout that had arrived after the battle. The same evening, four other State boats arrived, all trying to be first. Cincinnati had furnished, with great pomp, a fine steamer, the Glendale, with splendid apportionments. Among other things, she had on board a large calliope, and, knowing that she was ahead of the others last mentioned, and thinking she was the earliest steamer to arrive at this battlefield, and that Gov. Morton was beaten for once, the evening being fine and still, the music from the steam calliope could be heard for miles on the placid river.

To quote the exact words of Gen. Stone's account: '' As the Cincinnati steamer passed along by our steamer, which was so infinitely inferior in all her appearances, yet containing all the needful comforts and supplies for the occasion, some one called out, '' What boat is that?" The answer was, ''The Crawford, Gov. Morton's boat, from Indiana.'' One loud shout was heard from the Glendale, and shortly afterward a gentleman came on board our steamer and told me he was the only man from Indiana on the Glendale; and that all the way on the trip he was annoyed by parties claiming that Morton was beaten for once and Ohio would now step to the front as the most diligent State; that he always loved our State and the promptness and effectiveness of our noble war Governor, but that now he loved us all better than ever."'

On the 5th of May, the steamer went up to Hamburg, a few miles above the battle-field, and took on board 200 sick and wounded men, arriving with them at Evansville May 7, 1862, at 9P. M., and by 5 P. M. of the 8th, they were all comfortably fixed in the hospitals, and supplies were all on board for another trip up the Tennessee. The boat reached Pittsburg Landing May 10, 9:30 P. M., and, by the evening of May 12, there had been taken on board at the Landing, at Hamburg, at Savannah and at Paris Landing 213 sick and wounded men, some of them very sick. The steamer arrived at Evansville May 14,1 A. M., and left again for Pittsburg Landing at 7 P. M. that same evening, arriving May 16 at 9 P. M. On the 17th, they took on board 23 men and 153 at Hamburg, some of them being not Indiana soldiers. Fifty men were left at Mt. Vernon, Ind., and the rest were taken to Evansville. The vessel returned again to the Landing, arriving May 23. But little more remained to be done. Twenty-four men were transferred from Hamburg to the Landing. Gov. Morton having been at the front for some time, came on board May 24, and, on the 25th, the steamer left the Landing, making very fast time, for Cairo, reaching that place May 26, 4:05 A. M.

On the same day, at 6:30 P. M., Gen. Stone left Cairo for the Lower Mississippi. He made Columbus, Ky., by 8 P. M., Hickman by 9:30 P. M., New Madrid, Mo., by midnight, and left at 8 A.M., May 27. They arrived at the fleet that had opened the river for a certain distance at 5:30 P.M. The rebels still had the river below. Gen. Stone heard cannon and picket firing, but saw no general engagement. May 29, the steamer left on her return passage with all the sick and wounded that could be got, and left them at Newburg. May 31, 1862, he returned to Evansville and discharged the boat, after a service of thirty-four days.

June 1, 1862, he visited all the hospitals, finding them very full but scrupulously clean and in fine condition and the men all doing well and as a rule improving fast.

Cumberland Gap

June 2, he arrived at Indianapolis, and, at 6:30 P. M., June 7, set out by rail for Cumberland Gap via Louisville and Lexington. We quote again:

''Arrived at Louisville on the morning of June 8, where I purchased a lot of sanitary supplies for the sick, which were understood to be lying all along the road from Lexington to the Gap. Left Louisville for Lexington with the stores on the morning of the 10th; arrived at Lexington that evening; on the 11th, purchased more stores, visited the two hospitals at Lexington had a wagon train furnished, the goods loaded and a start made for the Gap by 2 P. M. My mode of conveyance was the same as that of the wagonmaster - on horseback. The road to travel and haul the stores was more than 100 miles.

On this long and dreary and mostly mountainous road, at little towns and at farmhouses, we found soldiers needing attention which was promptly given.

The people through this whole region were loyal to the core. On the 15th of June we reached Barboursville, where the sick belonging to the Forty-ninth Indiana were found. They were mostly in hospital tents under the shade of trees, and, though the weather was intensely hot, they were doing very well.

When I began to divide out to them the oranges, lemons, jellies and other nice things that I had brought, I wished most heartily that the whole loyal North could have been there to see the sight. The most the poor fellows could do was to shed tears like showers of rain, and, when they saw the few dozens of live chickens that had been brought with so much trouble along that hot and dreary road (for we had to throw water upon them frequently), their joy knew no bounds. The boys proposed to corral the chickens under the shade and throw a guard around them to keep them in sight, which was actually done.

June 22, I started on my return well-nigzh loaded down with letters from the officers and men of the Thirty-third and Fortyninth Regiments. Arrived at Lexington June 25, having traveled on horseback 408 miles, and reached Indianapolis the same evening.

Richmond, Ky

In the latter part of August, 1862, a fearful fight occurred near Richmond, Ky. The rebels were veteran troops, but the Union forces were raw recruits who had seen noservice and knew nearly nothing of the use of arms, or of maneuvering. So far as they knew they fought like veterans, but they were overpowered and either captured or dispersed. Great numbers were taken prisoners, and many, perhaps one-third, got back to the Ohio River, and, as fast as they arrived, they were put under guard; and, when I found them on the 7th of September, 1862, they were encamped in a filthy place on Bear Grass Creek, just above Louisville, with neither tents nor utensils, and thoroughly demoralized. They looked as though they felt utterly forsaken, and told meso. But when they saw me, they thanked God for Morton. These men were from the Twelfth, Sixteenth, Sixtysixth, Sixty-ninth and Seventy-first Regiments. I called at once upon Gen. Boyle, who I knew was an intelligent, warm-hearted and generous man.

Gen. Buell had only that day put Gen. Gilbert in command of Kentucky. Gen. Boyle said that if he had the power, our men should be sent home at once, that Gov. Morton could not ask anything that he would not do for him; but unfortunately he had no power in the matter.

"Your Indiana men acted and fought like d - d cowards, as they are - all of them - and deserve no mercy. I have them under guard, and (with a cruel oath) I will keep them there till they rot before one of them shall go home." This seemed so unsoldierlike, so ungentlemanly, so utterly uncalled for, that I was provoked as well, and once or twice with my hand on my revolver, was tempted to use it on him. I bore it, however, knowing that if I accomplished anything I must keep cool, and Idid. I telegraphed to Morton forthwith, and he got an order from the commander at Cincinnati, who happened to rank Gilbert, to send the men home. The next morning, I called at his headquarters; he would not see me, doing the business only through his Adjutant. {could hear, however, what he said to him. Said he, on reading the order from Cincinnati through Morton: ''Order Gen. Craft to place these men under Gen. Lucas; give them transportation across the river, and make them report to the camp there. Not a man of them shall go home.''

When the Adjutant came out and wrote the order, I asked him as a favor that he would let me carry it to Col. Lucas, as I was going there immediately. He granted my request,-and I took the paper, not, however, to Col. Lucas, for he did not know of the order till years since the war closed. I determined to withhold the order from Col. Lucas, and did so. Since, to have reported to him would have defeated my entire object. It was, indeed, a technical violation of that General's order, but a substantial compliance with the command under which he had acted, and I risked the action for the good of the service and those poor wo-begone soldiers, and the deed had one prime merit, viz., success; for we had those men not in carnp, but home in a few hours, grateful and happy; and when the call came for them to return to the front, they responded with hearty good will.

Reports frequently reached the ears of Gov. Morton of the needy condition of the sick and wounded down the Mississippi, and especially near Vicksburg, when the siege under Grant was in progress.

May 25, 1863, I left Evansville at 12:30 P. M., with fiftyfive surgeons and assistants, with a full supply of hospital and sanitary stores, on the steamer Courier. We left Cairo May 27 at 9 A. M., and at Memphis were compelled to take coal enough for the round trip.

We arrived, May 31, at the mouth of the Yazoo, as far down as we dared to go. In company with Dr. Bullard, an eminent physician of Indianapolis, who died also and was brought home June 20 following, and others, we called on Gen. Grant at his headquarters, and went thence to those of Gen. Hovey, remaining at the latter place all night. Gen. Hovey, being a Hoosier General, had most of the Indiana soldiers under his command, and that fact enabled us to accomplish readily and properly the object of our mission.

A large part of our stores were turned over where we thought they would do the most good, as also many of our Surgeons; starting on the return trip June 2, 1863, taking a few sick at Lake Providence, and some others at Helena, and, ascending under guard, as we had been on the downward passage, receiving, also, seventy-five Indianians at Memphis, Evansville was reached June 8, 2:30 A. M. The men were transferred to the hospitals forthwith, and I arrived at Indianapolis the same evening.

A large part of the downward trip was made with our steamer tied alongside of a gunboat, and the arrival at Vicksburg took place July 4, 1868, the day of the surrender. As usual the "Morton boat" was ahead, On the 5th, the camps surrounding the city were visited, and stores were liberally furnished to fourteen Indiana regiments.

We left Vicksburg at 8 A. M. (day not stated) on the return trip. Some sick were received from Young's Point, as also from the hospital steamer Nashville, taking also the corpse of Dr. Elliot, who had gone down the river on our former trip. The steamer arrived at Evansville July 15; the sick were transferred to the hospitals, and we left at once for Indianapolis, arriving there to find the city in a blaze of excitement over the Morgan raid.

This brief and imperfect statement gives only aslight idea of the wonderful activity of the State of Indiana in all its modes of action under that peerless Governor, Oliver P. Morton. Time fails to recount and space to record even a tithe of the ceaseless exertions constantly put forth, and with unequaled success, to care for, to protect, to comfort and to bless the soldier boys from the Hoosier State scattered over the whole vast conflict. And in this noble attempt at succor to the soldier, and this grand accomplishment in his behalf, it is due to Randolph County to state the unquestioned fact that one of her trusted and honored citizens, loyal and enthusiastic, active and untiring, energetic and persevering, was thankful to have enjoyed the privilege of rendering very great and very valuable aid in bringing to pass the glorious result ; and many a brave soldier at the front, many asick and wounded one in hospital or in camp, and many a wife and mother at home, found, during that sad, melancholy time, abundant reason to thank God and take courage for the labors accemplished by our faithful and patriotic fellow-citizen in behalf of those who were suffering in imminent peril and utmost need.

Jail And Sheriffs Residence

N the succeeding pages, we give the separate history of the various townships, taking them substantially in the order of their settlement, excepting Winchester, the couaty seat, with its township. It will be remembered that several items - viz., formation, education, religion, agriculture, attorneys, physicians, roads and bridges, pikes, banks, the press, military aflairs, reminiscences, early settlement, colored people, etc. - are given under the head of the county as a whole, and for such information the reader is directed to the several titles named respectively. It will be noticed, also, that biography is distributed under various hoads - clergymen, attorneys, business, physicians, military history, colored people, township history and miscellany.

WHITE RIVER TOWNSHIP. WINCHESTER - OOUNTY SEAT. Some account of the first creation and settlement of the town has been furnished under the title "' Organization." matters connected with this first, this central town, for many years the only one, and for many more the principal village in Randolph County.

First addition, Jere Smith's, five lots. Subdivision of Outlot 1 and part of 2, in the southwest square, between }ranklin and South, and east of Main. Recorded February 10, 1847.

Fourth addition, Mumma's, John Mumma, proprietor. Two hundred and sixty-nine inlots, nine coutlote. T. C. Puckett, surveyor. Location, chiefly north of railroad.

New streets: East and west, Pearl, Railroad (avenue), Third, Fourth, Fifth, Short; north and south, Residence, east of East street. Recorded June 9, 1851.

Fifth addition, Ludy's. Henry Ludy,Samuel P. Ludy, proprietors. Ninety-six lots. T.C. Puckett, surveyor. Location, east of original plat. Recorded December 26, 1851.

Location, between Main and Meridian, south of Monks' Addition. Streets: Hast and west, George and Orange. (Re-platted as Ferris' Addition July 17, 1876.) Recorded July 9, 1856.

Ninety-four lots, east of Cheney & Watson's plat, south of Greenville pike. Newstreets: North and south, Oak; east and west, Thomson. Recorded August 21, 1879.

Early History

The origin and early history of the town have been given already in another chapter. We subjoin an article containing some first things, as also a more general history of business in Winchester in the past.

Both these accounts, are, of course, only partial and fragmentary, as all accounts made up merely of verbal statements drawn from memory must of necessity be.

First Things In Winchester

1. The first hatter's shop in Winchester (and probably in the county) was by James Oldham, in the building erected by James McCool for a hotel. Mr. Oldham kept a hatter's shop and hotel.

4. The first frame house (and probably first in the county) was built by John Sample, in 1820, upon Lot No. 3, East Front. There are doubtless more costly and splendid frame dwellings in Randolph County in 1881 than that was, but not one to-day which gave more solid comfort to the occupant than that same frame house, the first in Randolph County.

7. Mary Reeder came to Winchester in 1823, residing upon Lot No. 2, West Front, and removing afterward to Inlot No. 12, southeast square, upon which she still resides.

9. The public square was cleared of the forest trees by the laborious process of chopping and burning. The work was performed in 1819 or 1820, by David Lesley, then a young man, just come to the county, now a venerable old gentleman of fourscore, father of Daniel Lesley, School Superintendent of Randolph County.

12. The first schoolhouse was built of logs, with the ends projecting at the corners. It stood where now is located the residence of A. Aker, Jr., on Washington, corner of Washington and East, west side of Salt Creek. Being built before 1830, it was burned down, with "all the books," in 1886. Doubtless some prominent citizen (one or more) who graduated (minus a Latin diploma, however) from that " log-cabin college " so long, long ago, is still living, who looks back to his Alma Mater with affection for the instruction imparted to him on those rude benches, and with regret for the books (perhaps only one book) of his, irrecoverably lost when that midnight conflagration laid that old schoolhouse in ashes.

16. The first grist-mill in the county is thought by some to have been built by William Wright, at the mouth of Salt Creek, near Winchester. He had "gray-heads" for mill-stones, and his wheat-bolt was operated by hand, each customer bolting his own grist.

_ 20. Tho first steam grist-mill (and the first in the county) was erected about 1835, by Elias Kizer and Daniel Haworth. That engine of theirs was the first steam-power in the county, and in those days it was a sight to behold.

21. Probably the first wagon shop in Winchester, and in the county, was carried on by Thomas Butterworth, beginning, perhaps, in 1836. Mr. Butterworth had also a saw-mill, a carding machine and a grist-mill. He seems to have been an active citizen, and his sudden and untimely death (by the exploding of a cannon caused by his efforts to unspike it) must have been a sad loss to the community, as well as to his bereaved family. His widow is still living, and in Winchester, having married again, and being now the second time, for many years, a widow.

23. The first religious denomination in Winchester was perhaps the Methodists. No reliable account is at hand of their early doings in the place.

24. The first meeting-house is supposed to have been built by the Presbyterians in about 1853. It still stands, though no longer used for a church. It is rather acnrious fact that, for thirtyfour years, Winchester was without a meeting-house, and no place for religious service, except, indeed, those (though not very convenient, yet available) substitutes, the court house and the county seminary, both of which had, of course, to do duty in this respect in that town. A key to the backwardness of the place in business enterprise, and to the lack of general prosperity in times past, may be found, at least in part, in this very fact. A town with no religious faith nor life is a very gcod place to move away from, but is not considered a very good place to immigrate to.

26. Among the early attorneys may be named Zachariah Puckett, Jeremiah Smith, Moorman Way. There were perhaps some earlier than these, but their names are not now at hand. Zachariah Puckett was admitted in 1834; Jeremiah Smith, in 1837; and Moorman Way and Silas Colgrove, in 1889.

27. The county seminary was opened for school March, 1842, under the instructions of Prof. Farris, then a young but active and enthusiastic teacher, and since famous for his success in that line, but now sleeping low beneath the "clouds of the valley" for half a score of years.

Past Business

We give below some statements concerning the business of the town during the past years, furnishing such information concerning the matter as we have been able to obtain. The place has been settled so long (sixty-three years) that nearly all the persons that were grown at that time and living in the vicinity are dead, and to find out much about those ancient times has een a' task indeed.

Merchants. - John Odle kept the first store, in "a building which burned down in 1879. George Burkett had a store also. not long afterward, in 1821, and kept store for some years.

Thomas Hanna began as a merchant about 1824. He had his establishment on the west end of Thomas Ward's building. After about four years. Andrew Aker bought him out, in 1828. Mr. Aker kept on in the business for several years, having, as is thought, the only store in the county, and carrying a large and various stock, and buying furs, peltry, ginseng, deer's hams, sugar, and all sorts of forest and farm produce, and selling everything which was needed in the region, and customers coming from Muncie, Marion, Salamonie (Jay County), etc. There was no store north of Newport, and not many, north of Richmond, and none west nor north as far as you pleased to go.

Jesse Way bought the building of George Burkett and set up a store in 1833, and did an extensive business in 1845. He broke himself by dealing in pork, which was the lure and the curse of merchants of those days, the price varying beyond all calculation or prevention, and sweeping out in a single year all aman chose to invest. Andrew Aker and Mr. Way were selling goods for several years at the same time.

Goodrich & Brother erevted a brick building after 1834, and put in a stock of goods, which they kept up for several years. It stood on the north side of Kast Washington street, west of the livery stable, and is now occupied by a saloon.

They are said to have outdone all who came before them, and many think that no house in Winchester since their day has equaled them in the amount of business done in that line.

Since those times, thé merchants of Winchester have become more numerous, and to give a detailed account of them would occupy too much time and space.

Carding Machines, ete. - Moorman Way and Daniel Petty each had a carding machine, both of which did work for awhile, the latter for eight or ten years. Thomas Butterworth and Elisha Martin owned one between 1839 and 1845.

John D. Carter, after working with Butterworth & Martin, and setting up a carding machine first of his own at. Huntsville, in 1849, built one at Winchester in 1851, had it burned in a few months, and moved to Union City, Ohio, his family, he says, being the first in that place. He returned again to Winchester after a residence in various other places in 1862, and in 1866 he built the New York Block for a woolen factory, and in 1869, purchased the old seminary, and has operated there, weaving, spinning, etc., for several years, but leaving off weaving forsome years past. He is now (1881) erecting a new and more extensive factory, on the bank of Salt Creek, in the southeast part of town.

Grist-Mills. - A_ grist-mill was built by William Wright at the mouth of Salt Creek, which Jesse Way thinks was the first mill in the county. If so, it must have been established as early as 1818. His mill-stones were gray-heads, and his bolt was turned by hand, like all the rest in those days.

Next came the brick warehouse and mills near the depot. The east end was erected by John Mumma for a warehouse, and the west end was added by Elisha Martin.

The mill works were put in by Heaston Brothers in 1867. They suld to Robison, Wysong & Miller; they to Colton & Bates, in 1873; and in 1876, Bates Bros. & Wo. became owners, and they are so still. newed the works, putting in machinery for Jonathan Mills' system of gradual reduction, which makes flour mostly without grinding. This mill is one of the finest in the county, having a capacity of 150 barrels per day.

Cabinet Shops. - Moorman Way set up a cabinet shop not far from 1831; then came Philip Allen, and after him, Ernestus Strohm, in partnership, for a time, with Andrew Aker. Mr. Aker has a sideboard now, the first costly article of furniture made in the county, worth at that time $175, which was built by Mr. Strohm, and was the first thing he made, to show what he coulddo. After that shop came Hirsch & Wesp, in 1856, and then Helms & Diggs. Mr. Hirsch has now a large establishment, both for manufacture and forsale. J. L. Stakebake also has an ex-

They began the black walnut trade in 1865, and in 1871, a pine lumber company was formed, under the name of Neff, Teal & Fisher, which was dissolved in 1879. Col. Neff is at present employed as agent for Osterhaut & Fox, lumber-dealers, Grand Rapids, Mich.

The lumber business is now carried on in Winchester by A. G. Campfield, coming in 1875, and again in 1880. He has been for some years the proprietor of a saw-mill and lumber works, which furnish an extensive supply to the region. His works were burned a few years ago, inflicting upon the enterprising owner a loss of $6,000; but they are rebuilt, and are running as briskly as ever.

Latterly, Gen. Stone has turned his activity into another channel; but Mr. Reeder, though growing into years, is still engaged in his life-long employment, which has been an honorable and a useful vocation, and highly valuable to the community at large, thouyh, like many other toilsome occupations, not remarkably remunerative to himself.

At present, A. G. Campfield leads all others in executing contracts, his work being mostly or wholly very large buildings, court houses, jails, etc.

Grain-Dealers. - Elisha Martin was the first extensive graindealer. Thomas W. Kizer has handled grain for some years. Helms & Bishop and John Neff now deal in grain. Joseph Kdger followed the business for a time, as also Goodrich & Semans Bates Bros. & Co. buy largely, chiefly for milling purposes, their establishment making several hundred bushels daily into flour for consumption at home and abroad.

Undertakers. - John W. Diggs has followed this business for thirty years or more, and is still engaged therein. Within a short time, J. L. Stakebake has taken it up also.

Livery Stables. - The first livery stable was set up by Mr. Green, about 1854 or 1855. After that, Green & Ashville, and doubtless many others. We have no detailed account of that branch of business.

Boot and Shoe Stores. - In old times, these things were a part of a general stock in trade, though mostly they were made to order by hand in the shoe shops, or at home, in fact, as they often were. The prominent dealers in boots and shoes have been John Routh, south of public square; S. W. Wolverton, southeast corner of Main and Washington; and A. R. Hiatt & Son, north side of Washington, near the bank. Others have carried this kind of stock more or less at different times.

Hardware. - The first hardware store was kept by Mr. Bruner. After his came that of Thomas Ward, and he was succeeded by A. R. Hiatt, who is in business still, north of public square. There is also another hardware house, owned by Helms &.Bishop, east side of public square, as also one on the west side, Cranor Bros.

Drug Stores. - Many years ago, Dr. Woody sold drugs in Winchester. After him came Rush & Kizer, in 1849, which has continued ever since, and is probably the oldest establishment in the town. It is now carried on by his son in connection with ason of Gideon Shaw, Esq., under the firm name of Kizer & Shaw, begun in 1878.

William Pierce kept drug store for some years, and sold out to J. C. Hirsch, who is still conducting the establishment, havying been engaged thus for some twenty-four years.

Of late years, Thomas Best began in 1872, and G. G. Keller in 1869. The number of grocers has beenlegion. To give an account of them, or to keep track of their ins und outs, would be out of the question.

Saw-Mills. - The first saw-mill remembered was owned by Thomas Butterworth before 1845. Others have been owned by Solomon Yunker, John Chapman, Hinshaw & Son, ete.

Mr. Knecht set up a saw-mill inthe west part of town, which was owned afterward by Neff, Teal & Co., and, still later, by A. G. Campfield. The mill was burned, but has been rebuilt by him, and it is now doing a large business.

Harness-Making. - Alfred Rossman began this business in Winchester in 1838, and has been engaged therein ever since, up to 1875. His shop was first of the kind in the county. Before that, his brother, James Rossman, of Hamilton, Ohio, used to come through the place with saddles for the Indian trade at Fort Wayne, and to supply Aker & Bros., in Winchester. Mr. Rossman made the first saddle manufactured in Randolph County. It was a beauty - full-quilted, covered with blue-black buckskin, prepared by the Indians. He sold the saddle to Michael Aker for $50, but, Mr. Aker failing shortly, he never got anything for the saddle.

Marble Business. - The first operations in marble were by a Mr. Robertson, as agent of a marble firm in Sidney, Ohio. After that, Lady, Stafford & Beebee, engaged in the marble trade.

In 1858; Daniel E. Hoffman came to the town and set up the business, buying out the existing firm, and he has had the sole control of stone cutting in Winchester from that day to this. He began in the old log court house, which was then standing north of the public square, and in 1862 he removed to his present location, northwest corner of Meridian and Washington streets. Mr. Hoffman has had an extensive trade, amounting to from $5,000 to $7,000 a year.

Of course, a large number are omitted in the above list, the names above including no physicians, clergymen nor teachers, hardly any Judges nor members of the Legislature, nor men prominent as active business men in private life.

Abner Overman, in 1826-27, built a frame house on the northeast corner of Lot No. 2, east front. Hesolditto John Way in the fall of 1829, who moved to it and set up a blacksmith shop, where for many years most of the smith work for that place was done.

L. D. Carter began blacksmith work in Winchester in 1851, and has carried it on ever since, mingling it sometimes with wagon and carriage making.

Meat Shops. - C. C. Monks began the butcher trade in 1870, and for eleven years has not missed a day from his shop. His business is extensive, reaching $8,000 annually. The history of the meat business in the past for Winchester we have not at hand.

Hotels. - James McCool opened the first hotel in a good twostory hewed-log house, built by him in 1819, the first year of the existence of the town. James Oldham owned the building soon after, and had tavern, dwelling and hatter's shop all in the same building. Then John Odle bought it and had it for a hotel and a store for some years.

After the new brick court house (in 1826), David Heaston used the old one as a hotel; but not long, for he sold out to Paul W. Way, probably in 1828, who was landlord in Winchester for a long time. Andrew Aker also upened a hotel in the building which stood where the Ward building now is, soon after Way began. Jeremiah Smith built the Franklin House in 1839, which has been a hotel to this day. Alexander White was the occupant a long time, then Josiah Montgar, then William Page, and lastly, Peter Reinheimer, who has been landlord of the Franklin, lo! these sixteen years or more.

There used to be a hotel standing on the northeast corner of Washington and Main, kept at different times by Elias Kizer, Andrew Aker, Henry Carr, and perhaps others.

During some years past, others have sprung up, and now Martin's Restaurant and Lodging-House, the Irvin House, the Wysong House, ete.. greet the wishful traveler as he walks the streets of Winchester, anxious to find some stopping-place.

About 1874, Jack Ross opened a hotel, east side of Main street, north of Washington, which, after standing several years, was burned, and it has not been rebuilt.

In 1873, L. D. Carter, Frank Remick and J. H. Gill began the manufacture of wagons, which firm was merged into the Winchester Wagon Works and Manufacturing Company, organized in 1881, now having a capital of $75,000 and doing an extensive business. (See sketch elsewhere. )

Wind-Mills. - Many years ago, W. V. R. Tooker established himself in the manufacture of fanning-mills at Winchester, and for nearly thirty years carried on an extensive and successful business. Through his kindness in "signing for a friend," he was broken up, losing all his hard earnings for thirty years, and he is left in his declining age to renew his battle against fate, and work from day to day to keep the wolf from the door.

From the days of Solomon to the present hour, going surety has been, and from this day to the end of time it will probably continue to be, the sad and effectual means of sweeping scores of millions of hard-earned money from the hands of the men who have, with labor and pains, by economy and self-denial, laid up a competence for the weakness of old age, through the reckless unthrift of children and friends, into the vortex of bankruptcy, and will strew the shores of time with wrecked and sad hearted men drawn into the net thus in a kindly but disastrous hour.

Liquor Selling. - The records of the courts show hosts of licenses for groceries, alias grog shops, through the past history of the county, as also scores of trials and convictions for crimes of all sorts - affrays, assaults, thefts, homicides, etc., many of them committed under the terrible influence of strong drink.

To write a history of the drink traffic, here or elsewhere, would be a dreadful, a heart-sickening task; and fromthe sad work the soul instinctively recoils with horror, as from the story of the plague or the cholera; nay, worse than that, for they seem the work of causes not apparently controllable by human means, while the terrible drink traffic is wholly and always the direct and exclusive work of human agents. Well may Cowper's line concerning oppression apply to this traffic:

We cannot find it in our hearts to trace, step by step and in lengthened detail, the story of this awful business; and the posterity of those who have been or are now engaged therein will bless us, in days to come, for omitting to record the names of such as targets for the execration of posterity.

There are now to be found descendants of liquor-makers and venders, and others, of past years whose cheeks blush to know the occupation of their progenitors; and public good does not require the undue exposure of the errors of the past.

Slave-trading, slave-holding, gambling, profanity and other enormities have once been fashionable and popular. But they have been swept by the swelling tide of purity into the catalogue of detestable vices. And such will be the case with drink and all its accompaniments. And happy will be the heart in that blessed time that can look back through a long line of ancestry and find none therein who were ever entangled in any of these sad, mischievous, destructive things.

License to sell strong drink! License to steal,' to rob, to strike, to stab, to murder, tv commit burglary, adultery, arson! License to incite men by wholesale to do any and all of these things, to: commit any and every crime in the black catalogue of hellish deeds done by human hands! And yet this has been done. Nay, it is even done now, in this county of ours, and by upright, justice-loving, tender-hearted Christian men, under the real or supposed obligation of civilized law!

If the story of this business must be told, if it must be recorded who have, through long years past; who have, year by year, put the bottle and the glass to their neighbors' lips, and made them drunken also, let it be done by another hand than ours, or at least at another time than this. Let this book rather record the noble, the heroic, the praiseworthy, the public-spirited deeds of years gone by, that the ages to come may look upon the record and rejoice for the virtue and the loving kindness and the goodness that in those years of toil and hardship and sorrow, by worthy deeds, laid deep the foundations of a public prosperity and private advantage.

Thus have we most briefly given a sort of bird's-eye view of affairs, mentioning a few of the men who have done business in the town during the days of "auld lang syne." Nothing has been said in this sketch of that sort of business which springs from the fact that Winchester is the county seat. Some matters connected with that branch of the subject may be learned from the chapter on "records " and elsewhere.

The Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis or Bee- Line Railroad, and the Richmond & Grand Rapids (Shoo-Fly) Railroad, cross at Winchester, giving opportunity for considerable business. In 1853, at the first building of the Bellefontaine road, the depot was far out of town, but the growth of the place has brought it into the heart of the town.

It was incorporated as a town in 1838 by popular vote, thirtyeight votes being cast in favor and none against. It was divided into five wards, viz.:

The Trustees then were Silas Colgrove, James Brown, William W. Smith, Simeon H. Lucas, Martin A. Reeder; John Neff was Clerk and Treasurer; Benjamin Ramsey was Assessor and Marshal: James Brown was President of the Board.

May, 1856 - Trustees, James Brown, John Routh, Jesse Way, John W. Diggs, James C. Ennis; John Neff. Clerk and Treasurer; Andrew Favorite, Assessor and Marshal.

May, 1858 - Trustees, Alexander White, George W. Helms, Simeon H. Lucas, Henry Carter, W. B. Pierce; M. A. Reeder, Clerk and Treasurer; William L. Steele, Assessor and Marshal.

In 1858, an arrangement was made with the Bee-Line Railroad to lay a track toa gravel bank in the region and haul gravel for the corporation; "as also to have the gravel placed upon the streets, the latter at 124 cents per wagon load.

July 20, 1858, John Cronin received for hauling gravel upon the streets, $65.76; railroad received for two days, $140.50; opening pit, etc., $77.90; about 600 loads for $284.16, besides the cost (if any) at the pit, or about 45 cents per load.

It appears there used to be a town market house, for it was ordered to be sold at public auction. The town was resurveyed by order passed April 30, 1859. The original corners had been lost, and the chief starting points were declared to be as follows:

The Treasurer's report from May 7, 1859, to April 30, 1860, is as follows: Receipts, $370.35; expended, $201.09; on hand, $169.26. Three hundred and fifty eight yards of gravel had been hauled upon the streets, at a cost of $90.78.

May, 1860 - Trustees, A. White, J. Puckett, A. D. C. Monroe, W. B. Pierce, E. J. Putman: William L. Steele, Clerk; Joseph K. Dick, Treasurer; James C. Ennis, Assessor and Marshal.

Asahel Stone allowed the town to haul gravel from his bank free, on condition of keeping his grounds secure by kaving gates locked, ete. Patrick McDonnal contracted to haul 600 yards of gravel at 30 cents.

April, 1863, Trustees, Smith, Needham, Ross, Richardson, Hull; Robert S. Fisher, Clerk and Treasurer; Reuben B. Farra, Marshal and Assessor.

May, 1869 - Trustees, Williamson, Hirsh, Carter, Helms, Kreutzer, Shaw, Winters. J. C. Hirsch, Clerk; Iva Tripp, Marshal and Assessor; H. P. Kizer, Treasurer; Charles Jaqua, Surveyor. Tripp resigned and C. E. Smith was appointed in his place, June 11, 1869.

March, 1870, H. B. Cox was appointed Councilman to fill a vacaney in place of Kreutzer, moved away. ©. M. Mills in place of J. D. Carter, resigned.

May, 1870 (there would seem to have been seven wards. Changed back to five wards) - Trustees, Marlatt, Carter, Bannister, Winters, Heaston; Reinheimer, Clerk; Alexander, Marshal. 1870, citizens were allowed gravel from the city bank for use in town, free.

1871 (town changed to three wards)-- Trustees, Carter, Richardson, Heaston; H. P. Kizer, Treasurer; J. EK. Neff, Clerk; C. C. Smith, Assessor and Marshal.

1873 - Trustees, Henry Carter, J. C. Hirsch,N H. Ward; L. J. Monks, Attorney; W. F. Newton, Marshal and Street Commissioner; salary set at $300 and fees; Moorman Way, Engineer.

1874 - -Trustees, A. Stone, A. R. Hiatt, A. Favorites Thomas Ward, Treasurer; P. M. Reinheimer, Clerk; W. O. Harra, Marshal; Jonathan Hiatt, Assessor (appointed).

1875 - Same Trustees, Thomas Ward, Treasurer; B. F. Boltz, Clerk and Assessor; A. O. Marsh, Prosecuting Attorney, compensation, one-half the fines collected.

Trustees, Newton, Puckett, Johnson; E. T. Brickley, Clerk and Assessor; W: A. Martin, Treasurer; N. H. Ward, Marshal and Street Commissioner; Phineas Pomeroy, Engineer.

Nore. - The large sums of money handled in 1876 and 1877, came mostly from a division of the accumulated road tax in the hands of the trustee of White River Township, a part of which belonged to Winchester corporation and had not been paid over for some years previous.

Before 1840, we are not informed as to the incumbents of the office; neither are we able to state at what time Winchester was made a post town, or what was the first mail route through the region.

Present Business Of Winchester

Below may be found a brief statement of the present condi- Some inay, perhaps, have been omitted, fur which, if any there be, we hereby express our regret: Agricultural implements, Gordon, 1880.

Barber shop, Kent Browne, first east of public square, then south of public square, then south of public square west of Main; now north of public square, on corner east of bank; first established 1866; came to present location in 1880; four chairs.

Carriage works, Gardiner & Horan, began in 1875, opposite the school building; came to their present lccation in 1880; the firm employs ten to twenty hands, and they engage both in making and repairing. Edward Horan, C. A. Gardiner.

Carriage: shop, Chapman & Ginn, 1880; location where W. V. R. Tooker had his wind-mill works; they employ eight to ten hands. Chapman worked for Baird, carriage-maker, ten years.

'Dry goods store, building erected in 1877, owned by C. W. Diggs; was occupied by Kent Browne as barber shop, now dry goods store by W. E. Miller, beginning in 1880.

Drug and book store, established by J. C. Hirsch, in 1858, and he continues the business still; safe, strong, reliable house, one of the oldest establishments in the town.

Dry goods and notion store, built by Routh & Bannister in 1867 or 1868; now owned by Judge J. J. Cheney; the store is owned by R. B. Morrow, beginning in 1872; he has also another store at Belleville, Ohio, and, besides that, a branch store at Celina, Ohio, begun in 1881.

Grocery, building erected in 1876 by John Wright, occupied by Lafayette Irvin with jewelry, then as an auction room, etc.; then as a grocery by W. H. Reinheimer, commencing in 1877, who, however, began selling groceries in Winchester fin another room) in 1872.

Grocers, Keller & Meier, G. G. Keller, J. C. Meier; established by G. G. Keller in 1869; G. G. Keller & Son, 1878; Keller & Meier, 1881; stock, $1,500, good snug business; building owned by G. G. Keller.

Grocery, establishment begun in 1874; proprietors, Maulsby & Welch, now Ballinger & Winter, beginning 1881. A. J. Winter, Mahlon Ballinger; stock, $1,800 to $2,000.

Grocery, established in 1872 by Thomas Best, in 1881, his son, James M. Best became partner; firm name, Best &Son; full stock, strong, sound business.

Grocery, established in 1871 by Mikesell & Jaqua, then Jaqua & Walker, Walker & Winter, Winter & Welker, Winter & Williams, Williams Brothers, Engle & Markle, Engle & Poyner, Harrison & Poyner, J. L. Poyner; stock, $2,500 to $3,000.

Flouring-mill, Bates Bros. & Co., manufactures of high grade flours; gradual reduction; capacity, 150 barrels, Winchester, Ind. The building was erected for a grain warehouse by John Mumma, and enlarged by Elisha Martin; he sold it to Heaston Bros., who put in mill works in 1867. They sold to Robison, Wysong & Miller, they to Colton & Bates, in the spring of 18738, and, in 1876, Bates Bros. & Co. became the proprietors and are so still. The names of the firm are J. J. Bates, E. Bates and G. E. Leggett.

In the summer of 1881, the enterprising owners renewed tho entire works, at a cost of $11,000, putting in machinery for Jonathan Mills' system, a gradual reduction, being the third mill of the kind in the State of Indiana, one of the others being near Terre Haute, Ind. The former capacity of the mill was sixty barrels in twenty-four hours. The present capacity of the works is 150 barrels per day, requiring 225,000 bushels of wheat annually. The firm also run a cooper shop for the supply of barrels for their use, employing in all sixteen hands. The flour made by them is shipped extensively, besides their home and local trade; they send flour in quantity to New York, Montreal, and elsewhere. Bates Bros. & Co. are esteemed as a highly, reliable firm, and are securing the reward which they richly deserve by an extensive and constantly increasing patronage.

Hardware and agricultural implements, Cranor & Bros., 1878, stoves and tinware, 1881; new building erected near the post office in the summer of 1881; brick, two stories, 100x22 feet; the firm carry a stock of from $10,000 to $14,000.

Hotel, Snedeker's Block, built by W. B. Snedeker, 1878, and now owned byhim. The hotelhas been kept by Snedeker, Bales & Bright, and now by Irvin Wysong, beginning February 16, 1881.

Meat market, M. Stakebeck, 1880, established seven or eight years ago by Jaqua, and since that the proprietors have been Pierce, Colgrove, Seagraves, Preston, Stakebeck.

Tailoring, John Richardson & Son. J. R. began selling dry goods, also; merchant tailoring in 1850; he did business on the west side of the public square about twenty years, and ten years in the Richardson Block, across from the Franklin House, owning that building at the time, and owning, also, his present location, on the west side of the public square. Mr. R. had for many years the most extensive dry goods establishment in town.

Handle Factory

HANDLE FACTORY. In November, 1881, this enterprise was inaugurated by Hon. J. E. Neff, E. S. Kelley and J. W. Macy, under the firm name of Neff, Kelley & Co., and during the brief period that has elapsed since its inception, it has developed into one of the leading industries of Winchester. The establishment is located immediately south of the "Bee Line" Railroad, and west of Main street, in the building formerly occupied by Mr. Neff's pump factory. Upon the inauguration of the new enterprise, new machinery was purchased, consisting of two turning lathes, bolting-saw, topper, equalizers 2nd strippers. The timber is straiyht-grain, second-growth ash, and is sawed from the rough log into strips of the desired length. The strips are then placed in the lathes, and after a few revolutions, are turned out well-rounded handles for pitchforks, rakes, brooms, etc. From the lathes the handles are taken to the "topper," where by one revolution of the knife they are finished with a nicely rounded top, and are then ready for packing and shipping. By the improved machinery they employ, they are enabled to finish an average of 2,000 handles per day, and yet are scarcely able to supply the demand. Their trade is almost exclusively with Holland, although they supply some points in the United States. In addition to the manufacture of handles, th:s firm conduct an extensive trade in sawed walnut lumber. They possess facilities for sawing and utilizing the "culls" rejected by the saw-mills, cutting them into dimension pieces for sewing machines and scroll work. They have an engine and boiler of twenty-four horse-power, and all the machinery of the establishment is of the latest and best vari eties.

Winchester Wagon Works & Manufacturing Co

On the 19th day of October, 1881, this company was organized in the city of Winchester, with the following-named stockholders as its constituent members: Asahel Stone, J. H. Gill, L. D. Carter, Adam Hirsch, Henry H. Neff, Asa Teal, George N. Edger, J. M. Hodson, Samuel D. Fox, Thomas M. Browne, Reverdy Puckett, W. E. Miller, Leander J. Monks, James §. Cottom, C. L. Lewis, Albert O. Marsh, M. B. Miller, L. G. Puckett, W. A. Thompson and A. C. Beeson.

The object for which this association was organized is the manufacture of wagons of all descriptions, wagon material and such other work as they may see fit to engage in. Preparations were made for engaging in the work upon a mammoth scale, and, in December, 1881, the company began the erection of their present buildings, on the southwest corner of West and South streets. The main building is 50x100 feet, having a very strong frame, surmounted by a self-supporting roof; and these features are observable throughout the entire establishment, strength and durability having evidently been aimed at by the builders. Adjoining the main building on the south is the engine and boiler room, which is a brick building 30x37 feet. To the southward of this building is situated the forge room, which is a frame building 40x60 feet. Here are eight forges, which are operated bya patent blower connected with the engine, the draft being so arranged that the forges can be operated either separately or in unison, at will. In this building is contained a double oven for heating tires, and near it a cooling apparatus for the immediate cooling of the tires when necessary. In addition to the buildings mentioned, they have a store-room 16x22 feet, and an office 16 feet square. In the boilers and engine the acme of perfection seems to have been attained. The boilers are 48 inches in diameter, and 20 feet long, each having a tensile strength of 75.090 to 80,000 pounds to the square inch They were submitted to four distinct tests by the United States Boiler Inspectors at Cincinnati, the average strength developed being 81,600 pounds. These boilers are so constructed that one can be heated while the other remains cool, or both can be used at the same time, thus admitting of the repair of any little casualty without necessitating the stoppage of the machinery. The boiler plates are made of the best of steel, fivesixteenths of an inch in thickness, while the engine is a model of elegance and perfect mechanism.

_ In the main building is done the wood-work, etc., and for this purpose it has been supplied by the proprietors with a full quota of the best machinery, consisting of one boring machine, rip.saw, felloe-rounder, Farrer planer, tire-drill, borer and wheel tennoning machine, sand belt, borer and doweling-machine, band-saw, double shaper, Universal saw-bench, sanddrum, sticker, wood-worker, tennoning and trimming machine, mortising lathe, skein-setter, hydraulic press, etc. This machinery enables them to turn out thirty wagons, complete, daily, and furnishes employment for 100 men. The capital of the association is ample, and its charter for fifty years. Among the manufacturing industries of Winchester this one is certainly destined to%occupy a leading position. The enterprise is in the hands of gentlemen of energy and business ability, who will be satisfied with nothing short of complete success. The officers are Col. H. H. Neff, President; Gen. Asahel Stone, Secretary, Treasurer and General Manager; John H. Gill, L. D. Carter and Adam Hirsch, Directors; John H. Gill, Superintendent of Wood Department; L. D. Carter, Superintendent of Iron Department.