Maumee Township (part 2 of 3)

Estes Howe, one of the pioneer settlers of Springfield township, was born in Saratoga count}', N. Y., May 30, 181 2, son of Benjamin and Sarah (Stewart) Howe. His father died when he was about one and a half years old. He remained with his mother until eight years of age, when he was taken by an uncle to raise. At fourteen years of age he was apprenticed at the tanner and shoemaker trade, which he followed while in New York; has made his own boots since he was fourteen years of age. He was one of the pioneer shoemakers of Allen county, making all kinds of boots and shoes. O.i February 25, 1836, he married Susan, daughter of Jeremiah and Susannah (Waite) Whaley. Her maternal grandmother, Mercy Madison, was related to President Madison. By this union were born ten children, seven now hving: George B., Charlotte, Ellen, Estes O., Sarah H., Samuel E., Harriet M. and Reeleefee R. Mrs. Howe was born April 16, 181 7, in Tompkins county, N. Y. The}' were married in Oswego county, and in 1S37 they settled in Allen count}', where Harlan now stands. Here he began working at his trade for Ezra May, and two years later abandoned his trade, except at odd times, and began working out, taking contracts for clearing land for laijd, and first got eighty acres iii DeKalb county, which he soon traded for eighty acres of canal land in Allen county. He continued at clearing several years, and early in the forties settled on forty acres in section 21, in Springfield, which he cleared and afterward bought and added 100 acres. In 1871, he retired from the farm and moved to Harlan, where he now lives. He has cleared in all about lOO acres of land in Springfield township for others besides his own. He never speculated, but has made all he has by hard work, close economy and good management. He served as one of the board of trustees of his township, as treasurer one 3-ear and trustee about three years. When he first came to Indiana the first corn be bought he went about fourteen miles for, and bought two bushels at $1.50 per bushel, and then went to what is now called Rudisill's mill, a distance of about ten miles, to have it ground. The next spring after coming to Indiana, he walked eight miles and split 400 rails in one day for one bushel of corn.

Ezra Worden, a substantial' farmer of Springfield township, was born in Onondago county, N. Y., July 25, 1827, son of Ira and Charlotte (Wentworth) Worden. His father's father served in the English forces during the revolution, and his mother's father was a soldier on the American side. When eleven years of age, Ezra left home and worked out two years, when he became dissatisfied and hired out to the first man's brother-in-law, and worked three months at $3.00 per month with the privilege of going to school that winter. He hired out the next spring for nine months, for $3.00 per month, and at the end of this time his father had taken up all his wages except $3.00, so that he was disappointed in his expected winter's schooling. His emplo}'er gave huii cloth enough for a coat, three yards, instead of the $3-oo due him. He then began work for a doctor at $4.00 per month, having previously contracted with his father for his time at $1.00 per month. He continued to work as a farm hand about ten 3-ears, and accumulated enough to buy wild lands in Indiana. In 183S, he bought eight}- acres of wild land in Allen county, but being too poor to settle, he returned to New York, where he remained three years. In 1841, he married Elizabeth Walsworth, b}- whom he had nine children, seven of whom are now living: Emma, John W., William Ezra, Ella, Charles, Grant and Freddie. After this marriage he returned to Springfield and made his home in a log cabin on his land. In October, 1861, he enlisted in Compan}- D, Fortv-fourth Indiana volunteer regiment, and was with his company in all its engagements. He was wounded at Shiloh by being shot through the right breast and arm, and again at Chickamauga, he was shot in the right side, breaking three or four ribs. In 1862, he was taken prisoner at Stone River and was confined in Libby prison two or three months. Being paroled, he rejoined his company and in the battle of Chickamauga, after he was wounded, was left on the field and was again picked up by the enem)-. He is the fortunate possessor of 118 acres of as good land as there is in Allen county, and is one of the countj-'s best citizens. He has served as constable two years. His wife is a member of the Protestant Methodist church.

John D. Reichelderfer, one of the pioneers of Springfield township, was born in Pickaway county, Ohio, October 16, 181 2. His parents, John and Christina (Spangler) Reichelderfer, were both born in Berks county, Penn., were married in Pennsylvania and came to Ohio in 1806.

There they raised a family of eleven children, of whom our subject was the fifth, "but is the oldest living. He remained with his father until twenty-one years of age. In April, 1S32, he married Hester, a daughter of Jacob Markel, born February 19, 18 10, and this union was blessed with seven children, of whom two are living: Jacob and Sarah, wife of J. W. Fr}'. When married, they began on a rented farm, with three cows, horse, and a very little furniture. He remained on this farm six years, and on September 10, 1840, started for Indiana and traveled through to AUen county in wagons. In 1835 he made a prospecting tour on foot, and bought 160 acres, the homestead farm, but only remained a short time. Returned home two years later, he came back and contracted with Henry Gruber to clear two acres, and built a hewnlog house, to which he removed with his family in 1840. He cleared his farm by working almost day and night, his wife helpirig him in all his work. Often would she work with him in the night time burning logs, and would assist in putting out the crop, and one day she covered ten acres of corn with the old fashioned jumper with a boy to ride the horse, besides doing her own work. They began the struggle of life without anything, but have done well. He has in his possession an old fashioned anvil which was used to hammer out the old Dutch scythe, also the old scythe and whetstone. He also has an old fashioned lamp which has been handed down by five generations. He and wife have been members of the old school Lutheran church, he since childhood, she since sixteen j^ears of age. He, in company with John Zeimmer, cleared several miles of roads in the township of underbrush. He retired from the farm in 1873 to Harlan where he now lives. He has been one of Springfield township's worthiest farmers since his residence here.

Jacob Reichelderfer, son of the above, was born in Ohio, January 3, 1835. He came to Indiana with his parents when only five years of age and helped his father clear the homestead farm. He was one of the first scholars in the first school ever taught in Springfield township. This was taught bj- Sarah Bracy in a double log dweUing house in Maysville. The teacher would take chalk and mark on the slab benches each scholar's place to sit. On December 30, 1856, he married Sarah, daughter of William and Mary (Rudisill) Harter, who were early settlers of Richland county, Ohio. This union was blessed with eleven children, of whom six are living: Jacob Franklin, Anna S., Joseph E., Lavina H., William H. and Sarah C. Mrs. Reichelderfer was born November 27, 1837. He and wife are members of the old school Lutheran church, of which he has served as deacon several years in succession and is leader of the choir. In 1845 their Sunday-school was organized, he being one of the first pupils. In the earl}- days they would attend in bare feet; the girls were more fortunate than boys, but they would go in their bare feet until within view of the church when they would don their shoes. He now owns eighty acres of the homestead farm.

Lewis Reichelderfer, a native of Pickaway county, Ohio, was born October 9, 1820, son of John and Catherine (Spangler) Reichelderfer. In earty boyhood he was remote from schools, but his physical training in the woods developed him well for the hardships of pioneer life in Allen county. In 1840 he came to Indiana on a prospecting tour and purchased a piece of land of 320 acres from his father. Like others of time he came hoping that here he might find a home where patient toil would 3"ield greater results than in the older settlements. When a boy his father bought a clover huller, which furnished work during the winter for him and his brothers, hulling for neighbors when he should have been in school, and one day when the father was away he and brother concluded to break the machine and render it useless, which they did b}' feeding the same with a large, stone, and refusing to work any longer if it was repaired. After coming to Indiana he onl}^ made a short stay, but returned to Ohio, and remained two years. He then made another short trip to Indiana, and returned to Ohio, and in 1842 he married Miss Juha Ann Ranck, who was born April 20, 1822. Throughout her husband's pioneer life, she ever comforted and sustained him. To this union eleven children were born, of whom nine survive. EHhu, ex-representative of Allen countj'; Wilham, ex-trustee of Springfield township; Alden, John, Aaron, Lafayette, Sarah, Hanna and Selena. Mr. and Mrs. Reichelderfer are members of the old Lutheran church. He now owns 195 acres of fine land well cultivated. Mr. Reichelderfer's life has been marked by the strictest integrity, and no one enjoys more fully the esteem and confidence of his fellowmen.

William A. Reichelderfer, a prominent citizen of Harlan, is a native of Pickawaj' county, Ohio, born July 19, 1848, son of Lewis and Julia A. Reichelderfer. He remained in his native state until sixteen j^ears of age, when he came to Indiana with his parents and settled in Springfield ownship. After being here about one month he enlisted in Company F, One Hundred and Forty-second Indiana volunteers, under Capt. Biglow, and was in the battle of Nashville. He served until the close of the war and received an honorable discharge at Indianapolis. When he returned home he had contracted a cold which disabled him for some time, and his education being limited up to this time, he began going to school at Harlan, and attended about one year. He then began teaching in the country school and taught three winter terms. In 1S68 he married Jennie E. Stopher, who. was born December 24, 1852, and they have had four children, three living: Charles, Elwood, Frank A., and Lola E. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In 1S75 he was elected justice of the peace of his township and served eight years. In April, 1884, he was elected trustee and re-elected in 1886, which is quite complimentary to him, as his township is republican by about fort}^ votes at this time - when he first ran for trustee the republican majority on the state ticket was fortj'-eight, but he was elected by forty-four majority. He is one of the leading citizens of Harlan, and

Charles Reichelderfer, an old settler of Springfield township, was born May ii, 1824, in Pickaway county, Ohio, son of John and Christina (Spangler) Reichelderfer. In 1840 he came to Indiana with his family and settled in Maysville. He bought ninety acres in the woods and this he cleared into a farm. He was first married to Louie Allen, by whom he had one child, Maria. The mother was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Subsequent to her death he married Louie Kentner, still living, by whom he had four children: Frederick, WilHam, Mary and Jay P. He and wife are both Lutherans. He is one of the leading citizens of Springfield township, and well respected by all who know him.

Ira I. Grubb, an industrious farmer and stock-raiser of Springfield township, was born June 3, 1838, in Wayne county, Ind., son of Nelson and Martha A. (Notestine) Grubb. He came with his parents to Indiana in 1841, who settled in Cedar Creek township, buying sixtj' acres of uncultivated land. In 1861 he was married to Elizabeth A., daughter of Henry and Anna (Bickhart) Oberholtzer. To this union six children were born, five now living: Charles C, Lochiel L., Herman H., Bern B. and Mary J. The mother was born August 27, 1840. He and wife are members of the Evangelical Lutheran church which was organized in his barn by Rev. Waltinan about 1852. He is a member of the Masonic order. He enlisted in the late war but was not accepted. In 1856 he went west on a prospecting tour, but not being satisfied with the west, he returned and settled at Harlan and embarked in blacksmithing and wagon-making, which business he continued until April, 1866, when he bought and settled on the farm where he now lives. He now has a handsome farm of 149 acres in Springfield township, within one and onehalf miles of Harlan, with good buildings. He was the first man in the township to begin the breeding of Jersey cattle; he began in June, 18S0. He is an ardent supporter of the democratic party, and on one occasion was nominated by his party for trustee, but was not able to overcome a large adverse majority. He is one of the leading citizens of his township. Mr. Grubb's two oldest sons are graduates of the Valparaiso normal school.

William A. Moore, an old settler of Allen county, was born in New York, November 8, 1824. His parents, Priam and Lois (Calkins) Moore, were born in Genesee county, N. Y., the father in 1796, the mother in 1805. The father remained in New York and followed the shoemaker trade until 1830, when he removed to Erie county, Ohio, where he worked at his trade in connection with farming rented land. Since 1840 he has made his home with his son William A., and is now in his ninety-third year. The mother died at her son's home in 1884. William A. grew to manhood in Ohio, with slight opportunities for education. Being the oldest of a family of eight children it fell to him to help his father to support the others, and he has been the mainstay and support of the famil}- ever since he was large enough to earn wages. He hired out previous to their coming to Indiana to obtain the money that brought them here. On November 15, 1S4O, they settled in Scipio township. He traded his team for thirty-one acres of wood-land, built his log cabin, and cleared and farmed until 1852 when he sold this place and bought eighty acres in Springfield township. In 1850 he embarked in the saw-mill business and lost all his hard earnings and incurred a judgment debt of $1,600. He had previously run the first thresher in Springfield, and continued in this business about thirty years, by this means arising from his embarrassed condition and paying for his farm of eighty acres. To this he has added eighty acres. June 19, 1S42, he married DorHska Bracy, born April 10, 1S22, and they have had ten children, eight of whom are living: Angelia Sarah, Harriet E., Dorliska L., WiUiam W., Charles W., Henrietta C, Hiram B. and Cora L. He and wife are members of the Protestant Methodist church. In 1854 he had the misfortune to lose by fire his dwelling house and all contents, and again in 1866 he was burnt out, losing nearly all he had in the house. He served as constable one term in Scipio township and two terms in Springfield township. The first winter he was here he had to go five miles on foot and draw a hand sled with his sack of corn to mill to be ground for bread. In spite of his many misfortunes he is now prosperous.

Frederick Omo, one of the pioneer settlers of Springfield township, was born October 24, 1S19. His father, Simon Omo, was a Frenchman and a soldier under Napoleon Bonaparte, being wounded five times. After coming to America he was drafted into the war of 181 2, and served till its close. He hved to the good old age of ninety. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He married Mary Mercer, a native of Pennsjdvania, of German descent. Their fourth child, Frederick, in 1836, left his home in Pennsylvania, and settled in Ohio, where he hired out by the month as a farm hand. In 1836 he and his brother-in-law bought 160 acres of wild land in Springfield township, but did not make their home here until 1840. On division of this land he got sixty acres, but was compelled to hire out to get money enough with which to begin farming. In 1843 he was married to Elizabeth Shields, born JUI3' 3, 1825. They have had twelve children, seven now living: Mary, William H., John W., Louisa, Adaline, Joseph and Francis. He was a member of the board of trustees of his township in company with Estes Howe and Linas Cutts, and helped to make the first appraisement of school lands in the township. He was a supporter of William H. Harrison for the presidency in 1S40, and has adhered to the republican party since its organization. He has prospered in a high degree, and now owns 140 acres in Springfield township, with substantial buildings. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which he was steward twenty years and class leader four j-ears.

Price, both died while he was a small child, and he was taken b}- one Wilson to raise, but after a time he was taken by Abraham Dingman, who married his step-sister. A few 3'ears later he found a home with Isaac Claxton, then with James Mills, and then with Henr_y Miller, with whom he remained seven j-ears. He was living with Alex Baston in 1862, when he enlisted in Compan}' D, Eighty-eighth Indiana regiment, and with the exception of about sixty days while sick and at home on a furlough, he participated in all the engagements of his regiment. He received an honorable discharge at Indianapolis in 1865. On November, of that year, he married Martha E. Hatch, and this union was blessed with one child, Minnie A., born November 5, 1S75. He and wife are members of the United Brethren church. After marriage he worked at clearing one winter and then rented farms until 1868, when he bought forty acres of uncultivated lands in Springfield township, which he has converted into a valuable farm. For the last twelve years he has been running a threshing machine in connection with farming. He is a member of the G. A. R. at Mayville, and was a member of the Regulators. DeGroff N. Herrick, of Springfield township, is a native Hoosier, born in Milan township, October 28, 1849, son of Aruna and Elizabeth (Parent) Herrick. The paternal grandfather was a native of Vermont, born June 26, 1797, who in 1819 married Susan Robbins of upper Canada. They seittled in Jefferson county, N. Y., where they raised a family of seven boys and three daughters. In 1842, they removed to Allen county. The wife died in 1848, and in the fall of the same year he married Mrs. Catharine Llojd, with whom he lived until death. On commg to Maysville, he became one of the charter members of the Ma3-sville class of the Methodist Episcopal church. He was a devoted member of this church until his death, which occurred March 5, 1S77. His wife survived him to the good old age of ninety-three, and died in 18S7. She was married at the age of eighty-three years, after her husband died, to Mr. Gothep, who is now living and is ninetj'-two years of age. Aruna Herrick was a native of Jefferson county, N. Y., where he grew to manhood, and then emigrated west, and settled in Allen county. He received a good common school education, and was a carpenter b}' trade. In 1847 he was married, and to this union four children v/ere born: John Frank, who died in 1S78; DeGroff N., Daniel M., and Clarence M. The mother died in 1854. I" 1857, he was married to Mary Boger, bjwhom he had seven children: Andrew, Adelia A., Susan Ida., Phoebe C, David O., Hattie E., and William. In the dark days of the rebellion, he volunteered in Company D, One Hundred and Fift3'-fifth regiment. He resided after the war in Springfield township, until his death January, 1875. DeGroff N. was raised in Milan township, and received a good common school education. November 12, 1S71, he married Lydia A., daughter of John and Rachel Zeimmer, and this union was blessed with one child, Ella M., who died in 1876. He and wife are members of the United Brethren church, of which he is one of the trustees of the parsonage. In 1874, he bought and settled upon the farm he now occupies,

Ephriam Markle, one of the old settlers of Springfield township, was born in Pennsylvania, August 6, 181 3, son of Jacob and Catharine Markle. The family moved to Ohio when he was four years of age, and there he grew to manhood and learned the weaver's trade, which he followed about twelve years. In 1834 he married Elizabeth Reichelderfer, and they have had six children, of whom five are living: Margaret, Mary, Henrj', Jacob and Jerry. The mother, who was born in 1814, was a member of the Lutheran church, and died in 1846. In 1851 he married Catharine Reezer, by whom he had four children, of whom survive: Daniel, Samuel and Melinda. The mother, who was born April 25, 1817, is a member of the old Presbyterian church. He is a member of the Lutheran church. In 1842 he entered eight}^ acres of wild land in Springfield township, and built his log cabin, the only house between that vicinity and Maysville at that time, and here began his toilsome career, which has ended so well. He made considerable mone}' in his time, and added to his first entry until he owns 240 acres of well improved land. He has always been one of Allen county's valuable citizens.

Henry Boulton, an early settler of Springfield township, is a native of England, born January 14, 182 1. His parents, William and Elizabeth (Hamblett) Boulton, emigrated to America in 1837, and settled in Erie count}-, Ohio, and in 1S49 removed to Scipio township, where the father died in 1863. Henry worked out and helped his father to pay for a piece of land, and in 1843 came to Indiana and bought eight}' acres of land in Springfield township where he now lives. Being without money to clear it he returned to Ohio to work for the necessary means, and remained in Ohio until 1847. He then began to improve his land and built his log cabin. iVfter clearing and cultivating about ten acres, he took to himself a wife, Helen Hatch. They have eight children : Louisa, Anna N., Emma, Flora, Mary, Oscar, Ida and Mina. Mrs. Boulton was born May 31, 1831; she and all their children are members of the United, Brethren church, while he has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal church since 1S50. He has given his children the benefit of all the schooling his township afforded, and then at Fort Wayne college. His son has attended two terms at Ann Arbor. His industry has been rewarded by the possession of 322 1^ acres of good land in Allen county, and his home place is well improved. He has given each of his five daughters at their marriage $550.

John Zeimmer, one of the pioneer settlers of AUen county, was born in Pickaway county, Ohio, July 27, 1814, son of Abram and Susannah (Chritenbaugh) Zeimmer. His grandfather came from Pennsylvania and settled in Pickaway county, remained five years and removed to Wooster, where he was killed by the Indians. John came to Indiana in 1836, on a prospecting tour, and entered 160 acres, and then returned to Ohio, where he hired out by the month to get money with which to cultivate his new land. In 1S43 he returned to Indiana, and after clearin<r about live acres, erected a cabin, and in 1843 was married to Rachel, daughter of Obediah and Lj-dia Ann (Markle) Boger. By this union he had eight children, six now living: Martin, Susannah, George, Lydia A., John W. and Mary. The mother, who was born October 31, 1825, was a member of the old Lutheran church. She died November 14, 1878. He and wife settled in their new home in the woods and being a poor man, he and wife had many privations. The}- were compelled to go to Fort Wayne, at that time but a small village, to mill, and there being no roads it took them about three days to make the trip and return. They would carry axes with them to cut their road. He succeeded in his efforts and came to possess 400 acres of good land in Allen county, from which he has given to his children, but still holds his homestead of 160 acres. On this he has a comfortable two-story brick dwelling and good barn. Mr. Zeimmer served as school director five years, about thirty-five years ago.

Martin Zeimmer, a progressive farmer of Springfield township, son of the above, was born September 4, 1842. He was born and raised on the homestead farm, and being the oldest son, helped his father as soon as he was able. He began to plow when he had to reach up to the plow handles and was too small to release the plow when it became fast, so that he had to invent a mode of using a chain by which the oxen could do that for him. In 1868, he married Mahala A. Burner, who was born in 1844. To this union two children were born, of whom one survives: Cora A., born Ma}' 13, 1871. After his marriage his father gave him forty acres of wood-land, which he has converted into a nice little farm, and has a two-story brick dwelling and good barn.

Isaac Dreisbach, an earty settler of Springfield township, was born in Pickaway count)% Ohio, April 4, 1820, son of Samuel and Catharine (Bookwalter) Dreisbach. The father was a native of Pennsylvania, the mother of Berks county, Penn., and came to Ohio about 181 1, and remained until death. The father was in the war of 181 2. Isaac remained with his father until twenty-three years of age, when on April 13, 1843, he married Catharine Metzger, b}' whom he had six children: John, born September 21, 1847; Samuel, born December 11, 1851; Joseph, December 5, 1857; Frank, March 16, 1861; Mary E., May 17, 1844 (oldest); Levi, March 24, 1854. The mother was born November 7, 1819. He remained in Ohio three years after marriage, and then settled on the farm of 160 acres where he now lives. About thirty acres was cleared at that time, and there was a small cabin, which was the second built in the township. He served as constable one year in an early day. He and wife are charter members of the United Brethren church. He donated the ground on which the church stands, besides $500. He has always been liberal in his donation to churches and gave $50 to the United Brethren church in Fort Wa3-ne, also a smaller donation to a mission church in Nebraska. Through his kindness to relatives in becoming security for them, and his sacrifices in selling lands to liquidate those debts, he was the loser at one time of about $12,000; and about this time had the misfortune to lose his dwelling by fire, without insurance. But he withstood these calamities, and soon erected a beautiful two-stor}- brick dwelling. He has 158 acres of fine land within one mile of Harlan, which is one of the best in Allen count}-.

Levi Dreisbach, son of the above, and an enterprising business man of Harlan, was born March 24, 1854. He was born and raised on the homestead farm in Springfield township, and remained on the farm until 1882, when he located in Harlan and embarked in the butcher business, which he continued until 1S85. On December 27, 1S74, '""^ was married to Rachel A. Sapp, who was born April 17, 1852. This union was blessed with three children: Katie, born in 1875; Ch'de, born in 18S0; Cosie, born May 23, 1883.

Daniel Knisely, of Springfield township, was born May 31, 1826, in Columbiana county, Ohio. He was the fourth child of Solomon and Elizabeth (Rudy) Knisely, both of German descent and natives of Pennsylvania. At fourteen years of age he was bound out to a farmer and remained until twenty 3'ears of age. He had only six months' schooling, but through his own industry- learned to read, write and figure. On March 2, 1853, he married Mahala Conway. Of their nine children, six are living: David, born December 13, 1856; Delilah, March 12, 1S61; Luella, November 29, 1862; Rollin, May 21, 1866; Orlando, April 2, 1868: and Rosa, May 6, 1871. The mother, who was born November 11, 1833, departed this life February' 19, 1880. He and wife were members of the Methodist Episcopal church, which he first joined in 1853, '^^^ ^'^''^^ '^ steward two years. In 1S87 for convenience he took a letter and placed it in the Protestant church. At twent}' 3-ears of age he hired out on the farm at $10.50 the first summer, and he saved enough to buy him a yoke of cattle and came to Indiana in 1846 to see the fifty acres of wood-land he received as his wages for the six years that he was bound out. The following year he built his log cabin and began to clear. He now owns eighty acres of well improved land and has a two-story brick dwelling. He has served as school director of his district, about twelve j^ears.

George R. Snyder, a prominent farmer of Springfield township, was born in XVashihgton county, Penn., August 15, 1S36. His parents, Jacob and Margaret (Riggle) Snyder, moved from Pennsylvania to Ohio in 1S3S, and settled in Ashland county, buying eighty acres of land which they parti}- cleared. Eight years later, they came to Allen count}-, Ind., and settled on the farm where George now lives, at that time in the woods. George remained with his parents and took care of them until their deaths. In 1862 he married Sarah Coles, and they have had six children, five living: Rosalie, Jennie, Hattie, William fl. H. and Samuel. The mother was born May 12, 1S44. She is a member of the Lutheran church. Mr. Snyder has a handsome farm embracing eighty acres of the old homestead. He and family are respected by all who know them.

Horace Herrick, a progressive farmer, is a native of New York, born in Lewis county, July 15, 1824, son of Daniel and Susan (Robbins) Herrick. Mr. Herrick received a good common school education, and remained in his native state until 1S47, when he came Avest and settled on a farm near Fort Wayne, but onl)' remained about one year when he removed to Milan t(jwnship. Three years later he returned to his birth-place for a short stay, but again located in Milan township, this time near Cuba. He remained here until 1S54, when he sold his farm and in the following year removed to Wisconsin. A year later he returned to Hoosierdom and settled on the farm where he now lives. On October 12, 185 1, he was united in marriage with Marj-, daughter of Jedediah C. and Jane (Fors3the) Mills; she was born June 26, 1826. He and wife are both charter members of the Protestant Methodist church at Maysville, and devoted and consistent members since its organization. Fie is also a member of the Masonic order at Maysville. Mr. Herrick came to Indiana with onl}- enough money to enter fort}' acres of wild land, but by close economy, hard work and good management, he has prospered. He has a comfortable two-story brick dwelling with good barn, which is supplied with water from a natural fountain. He takes a great interest in fine stock, and since 1S82 has been making a specialt}- of the Jersev cattle.

Adam Driver, an old settler of Allen county, was born in Maryland, May 2, 1S19, son of Wesley and Rutti (Barns) Driver. At sixteen 3'ears of age he came to Ohio and settled in Erie count_y, where his father bought seventy-four acres of timber land. Here he got a foretaste of a pioneer's life. After twenty-one years of age he worked out until 1847, when he had accumulated enough with which he came to Allen county and bought eightv acres of wild lands. In a short time he sold this and returned to Ohio, but t\\o 3-ears later, he came in company with his brother, and bought 240 acres of wood-land in partnership. Here he began a real pioneer life. April 9, 1854, he was united in marriage with Almenia S. Bartholomew, who was born in 1834. This union was blessed with three children: Harriet, Adelia and John S. He has been a devoted member of the Methodist Episcopal church for thirty-five years. He now owns 160 acres of well improved land and is one of the substantial citizens of his township.

Alexander Boston, a substantial farmer of Springfield township, was born in Ohio, Decem.ber 25, 1827, son of George and Mar}^ (Lytle) Boston, both natives of Pennsylvania. He was raised in Wajme county, Ohio, until fifteen years of age, when his father removed to Seneca county. After helping his father clear up a farm in Ohio, he came to Indiana in 1848, on a prospecting tour and in 1849, came again and bought eighty acres in the woods, and by clearing and selling he obtained the 160 where he now lives. This he has improved with a two-story brick dwelling and good barn. After his father's death he bought sixty acres of the homestead farm. In 1851 he married Phoebe J. Price, who was born in 1S35. Of their sevd'n children there are living:

Sarah, Alice, Clara, Charles H. and Willis A. He and wife are mem- Protestanl Methodist church. He is the present parsonage trustee, and has served as class leader, steward, etc. He was a member of the Regulators during their operations. He is one of the leading citizens of his township and well respected.

James A. Henderson, of Springfield township, is a native of Ohio. His father, John Henderson, was raised to manhood in Pennsj'lvania, and his father dj'ing when he was quite young he was bound out, and never had the advantage of much education. He was married in Pennsylvania to his wife Elizabeth, and several j'ears later they emigrated to Ohio and settled in Mahoning county. In 1850 he sold his little farm of twelve acres and came to Indiana and bought eighty acres in Milan township, all wooded except twenty acres. Five y-ears later he sold and bought forty acres in Springfield township, where he remained until his death, which occurred in 1870. He and wife were members of the Lutheran church, and he was one of the leading citizens. James A. Henderson was born while the famil\- resided in Mahoning county, Ohio, July 8, 1840, and came to Indiana with his parents when ten years of age. In 1871 he married Mary Ricliards, born in 1839, ^Y whom he has two children : Earl and Willard B. He and wife are members of the Lutheran church, of which he has served as deacon, elder and trustee. In 1 861 he enlisted in Company E, Thirtieth Indiana regiment, under Capt. Silvers, and served three \-ears and eleven days, being honorablydischarged at Indianapolis, October 11, 1864- He began the battle of life as a daj- laborer, and so accumulated $700, with which he bought a half interest in a saw-mill which he ran about eleven years. He then traded his interest in the mill with other property for eight}- acres of land in Springfield township, where he now has a pleasant home.

George W. Nusbaum, a prosperous farmer of Springfield township, was born in Frederick Cit}', Md., September 11, 1822, son of William and Susannah (Devilbiss) Nusbaum. At twelve j-ears of age he went with his parents to Ohio, and settled in Seneca county. Here he rented a farm for three years and accumulated enough to buy a farm in Springfield township, where he now lives, in 1850. He served an' apprenticeship at the pump-maker's and carpenter's trades, which he followed in this county in connection with farming. March 25, 1847, he married Mar}- Fry, born in 1825. Of their five children, four are living: James W., Alice V., Emma C. and Alva A. Mrs. Nusbaum was a member of the United Brethren church, and died in 1864. In 1865 he was married to Sarah C. Sanders, b\- whom he had three children, of whom one is living, Nettie. He and wife are members of the United Brethren church. When Mr. Nusbaum first came to Allen count}-, he bought 160 acres of wood-land, which he cleared and converted into a farm, and he has now 280 acres. He is one of the leading citizens of his township, and has served as trustee one year.

(Wilkerson) Cummins. He came with his parents to New York when seven years of age. Thirteen j^ears later they removed to the western reserve of Ohio, and remained about fifteen years, when he came to Indiana and first bought ninety-one and 54-100 acres of wild land and afterward sixty-four more, which was all covered with a dense growth of timber, which he cleared away. In 1S3S he was married to Matilda Kilborn, and first settled at Circleville, Ohio, where he worked at the carpenter's trade until he came to Indiana and settled in his little log cabin. Here he spent his golden days, as he was fond of hunting and manj^ a deer fell before his unerring rifle. He has often followed the track of deer nine miles from home when it was almost sundown and no roads led him through a trackless forest. On his last hunt he killed ten or eleven deer in little less than two weeks and sold them at Fort Wayne for about $60. His marriage was blessed with eight children : Mary A., born Jul}- 16, 1S39; Joseph D., May 12, 1S41; Isabel, March -29, 1843; William F., November 29, 1844; Richard A., April 27, 1847, died 1875; Robert M., August 13, 1849; Estella, July 6, 1852; Charles E., December 6, 1854. Mrs. Cummins was born November 17, 1S14, and departed this Hfe February 10, 1881. He served as supervisor of the road in an early day when the}- had to cut the roads through the woods. He now owns 119 acres of good land besides his home property in Harlan, and is one of the respected old citizens of Allen county.

Joseph D. Cummins, son of the above, is a native of Brown county, Ohio, born May 12, 1841. Being the oldest boy of the family, he had experience in pioneer life. In 1862 he enlisted in the late war in Company D, Eighty-eighth Indiana volunteers, under Capt. Scott Swan, and participated in the following battles: Perryville. Stone River, Chickamauga. Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge (being with the Fourteenth army corps that made the charge that broke the rebel line and gained the victory), Ringgold, Altoona, Peach Tree Creek, Burnt Hickory Atlanta, Jonesboro, and was with Sherman in his march to the sea. At Perryville he received a wound in his right ankle which disabled him about eight weeks, and with the above and the exception of thirty days at home while sick, he was always at his post of duty. In 1S65 he received an honorable discharge at Indianapolis. He served in the campaign from Savannah, December i, 1864, through Georgia and Carolinas, and served in the battles of Averysborough and Bentonville, N. C, then to Galesboro and into camp until April 10. From there they chased Johnston and captured him near Raleigh, N. C, and then marched via Richmond to Washington on foot. When he went to return to his company after his furlough he started via Nashville, but could not get through and went \-ia New York city, taking the steamer Ajax, which was chased by the rebel gunboats and narrowly escaped sinking. When he returned home he was engaged in the blacksmith business at Harlan about three years, and then started for the Black Hills, but was stopped at Fort Kearney, Neb., by the Indian outbreak. On April 20, 1873, he married Orsia Daniels, born June 28, 1852, by whom he has four chil- dren: Bernice, born Januar_v 25, 1S74; Otis, March 9, 1S75: Ethel, October 18, iSSi, and Mildred, August 11, 18SS. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, of which he is district steward and trustee. She was a teacher in the schools about ten years. He has been engaged in the saw-mill business about twenty years and now owns the saw-mill and planing-mill and band saw and does all kinds of wood work. He has a handsome two-story house in Harlan with all the modern improvements.

W. O. Oberholtzer, the leading blacksmith of Harlan, was born in Ohio, February 15, 1S51. His parents, Jacob and Mar\- (Bickhart) Oberholtzer, are both natives of Penns3-lvania. The father was born May 20, 1821, the mother June 14, 1825. The father came to Ohio with his parents when a small bo}^ and there grew to manhood, and became b}- occupation a farmer. In 1851 he removed with his wife and two children and settled in Springfield township. He bought eighty acres of uncultivated school lands, and soon added another eight}- acres. This he began to clear, but sickened and died, November 2, 1S55, leaving his wife and three small children. His wife, a true mother, car^id for ihe familv, and improved their new home with a house and barn. Here Mr. Oberholtzer grew to manhood, and being the oldest boy the bulk of the work fell to him. His mother died Januar\' 29, 1873, and he began to work at the blacksmith trade, never serving anj- apprenticeship, but he has mastered the trade. On November 20, 1873, he was married to Sarah M., daughter of Solomon and Harriet (Garman) Mvers, both of Pennsylvania, of German descent. This union was blessed with six children: Moses, Birdie, William E., Rolla E., Elnora and Zula Edith. The mother was born September 27, 1853. He and wife are members of the Lutheran church. He is a member of the Masonic order. In connection with his trade he manages his farm of sixty-nine acres, two miles north of Harlan.

Gilbert Starr, an old settler of Springfield township, was born July 20, 181 1, son of Comfort and Abigail (Barnum) Starr; the latter was a cousin of the great showman P. T. Barnum. The parents were natives of Connecticut; the father born June 3, 1776, and was married October 27, 1796. They moved to Patterson, Dutchess Co., N. Y., where Gilbert was born. Here the father became a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Thence they moved to Canfield, Ohio, in June, 1817, and the father was one of five who organized the first Methodist class at that place, July 6, 1848. Gilbert came with his parents to Ohio, when about five 3-ears of age. At the age of eighteen years his father gave him his time and he bound himself out to Edmund J. Benton, until twenty-one years of age, and he made this his home about nine years. On December 22, 1836, he married Sarah, daughter of George and Susan Flick, by whom he had seven children : Emory L., born December 17, 1838; Susan E., June 23, 1841; Charles A., February 12, 1843; Comfort W., October 13, 1848; Mary M., February 16, 1851 ; Sarah A., March 31, 1854; Willis C., November 8, 1858. The mother was born

November 21, 1817; she was a devoted member of the Methodist Episcopal church. On October 15, 1865, he was married to Nancy A., daug-liter of Jedediah and Jane Mills. This union was blessed with three children, twins, who died in infanc}', and Gilbert A., born June 2, 1869. He and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. About eight 3'ears after his first marriage he left Ohio and went to Michigan, but after about eighteen months he returned to Ohio and remained until September, 1S51, when he came to Indiana and settled on the farm where he now lives, which was at that time all in the v^'oods, but three families between him and Spencerville. He never served an apprenticeship at any trade, but was a fair carpenter and got out the timbers and made all the shingles for his house and barn. Mr. Starr was one of the leading farmers of his township until 1876, when he had the misfortune to lose his e3'esight. Of the children born to Mr. Starr's first wife all are living but two: WilHs C, who died in childhood, and Comfort W., who died March 22, 1889. Comfort removed from Ohio September 19, 1850, and married Martha Cope, February, 1872, who died a }-ear later. November 21, 1873, he married Hannah Reichelderfer, who survives. In 1876 he united with the Methodist Episcopal church at Maysville, and was chorister and a teacher in the Sunda}- school about ten 3'ears. At si.xteen years of age he enlisted in Company F, One Hundred and Fortysecond Indiana infantry, under Capt. Robert Swann, and became corporal. He served until the close of the war and received an honorable discharge at Indianapolis. He was a member of D. K. Stopher post, G. A. R., at Maysville. He was a lover of music and for many years a singing teacher and a leader of the cornet band at Maysville, and was a teacher of the bands at Payne, Ohio, Leo, Ind., Harlan and Chamber- Iain. He was a member of the I. O. O. F. C. A. Starr, the genial proprietor of the Starr house in Harlan, is one of the leading citizens. He came to Indiana with his parents when nine years of age. He was married to Eliza J. Lillie, daughter of Thomas and JuHa A. (Wakeland) Lillie; she was born February 29, 1844. After marriage he farmed and teamed until April 6, 1S74, when he embarked in the hotel business. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is a member of the K. of P. lodge at Fort Wayne. He is a prominent republican, and has been chairman of its committee since 1S80. He was appointed postmaster at Harlan, Ind., in July, 1889.

John Peters, an early settler of Springfield township, is a native of Pennsylvania, born near the famous battlefield of Gettysburg, July 24, 1816. His parents, Abram and Christina (Teters) Peters, emigrated to Ohio when he was seven years of age, and setdedin Columbiana county, where he grew to manhood. His father being a poor man and a blacksmith, he was put in the shop when quite young. In 1843 he was married to Sidney A. Mason, who was born July 7, 1S43, and they have had four children, three hving: Anna, Joseph A. and John A. He remained in Ohio until 1852, when he came to Indiana, and bought and settled on eighty acres of wild land in Springfield township. This he cleared and

Anthony Snyder, of Springfield township, was born in France, March 15, 1839, son of George and Mary (Stick) Snj'der. The parents emigrated with their family to America in 1848, first settling in Pennsylvania, but after a short time, removing to New York state. Four years later, they removed to Fort Wayne where they remained until 1857, when they came to Springfield township and settled on the farm, where they remained the rest of their lives. Anthony remained with his parents until their deaths. In 1868, he married Elizabeth Reichelderfer, daughter of John D. and Hester (Markle) Reichelderfer. This union gave them four children: John, George, Charles and William. The mother, who was born in 1848, died November 16, 1884. She was a member of the Lutheran church. In 1885, he married Margaret Johnson, by whom he has one child: Sophia. He is a member of the Catholic church. He began the struggle of life without'money, and when he and his brother bought the eighty acres where he now lives, they went into debt $1,200, and the land at that time was covered with a dense growth of forest. He now owns 125 acres of good farming land in Springfield township and substantial buildings, and is one of the representative farmers.

George Haifle}', a prosperous and industrious farmer of Springfield township, was born in Mahoning count}^ Ohio, December 29, 1S37, son of Israel and Sarah (Baker) Haifley, both of German descent. The father was born in Maryland, April 10, 181 1, and the mother was born in Kentucky. Israel Haifley, when about twenty-four years of age, emigrated west and settled in Mahoning, Ohio. In 1852 he removed to Indiana and settled in Springfield township, where he remained until his death, July 25, 1871. About a year before coming to Indiana he bought eighty acres of wood-land in Springfield. Having a family of four children, and being a poor man, and settling in the woods, he and family suffered all the hardships known to a pioneer life. He and wife were both members of the EngHsh Lutheran church, of which he served as one of the elders about fifteen years. He was a leading citizen. His wife was born May 24, 1808, and died September 24, 1882. Their son, George, was raised in Ohio until about fourteen years of age. He received a common school education, and served an apprenticeship at the carpenter's trade, which he followed in connection with farming several years. June 25, 1863, he married Martha E., daughter of Jonas, sr., and Sarah A. Astry. Of their (;ight children, six are now living: Joseph B., born May 3, 1864; Clarissa J., born October 13, 1865; Flora B., born Jul}' 30, 1869; Nettie May and Perry W. (twins), born February 10, 1877, and George S., born March 25, 1883. The mother was born August 6, 1843. He and wife are both members of the Lutheran church. He was formerly a member of the Masonic order at Maysville. He began for himself by working at his trade, and soon accumulated enough to buy a threshing machine, which in connection with farming and his trade, he ran for twenty-one years. He first bought forty acres, and added to that until he now owns 125 acres, and has. become a prominent citizen.

John B. Haifiey, of Springfield township, is a native of Ohio, born February 28, 1846, son of Israel and Sarah (Baker) Haifiey, above mentioned. He came to Indiana with his parents when about seven years of age, and received a common school education such as could be obtained in the log school-houses of his day. On May 7, 1S68, he was married to Martha E. Walter, born May 5, 1846, daughter of Jefferson and Margaret (Whan) Walter, both natives of Columbiana county, Ohio. This union was blessed with two children: Harry J., born October 18, 1S68; Myrtle, May 21, 1882. Mr. Haifley and wife are members of the Lutheran church. Hehas prospered in life, and has a valuable farm of 130 acres, with good and substantial buildings. He is a leading citizen and highly respected.

Absalom Sapp, one of the prosperous farmers of Springfield township, was born in Bedford county, Penn., December 14, 1822, son of Adam and Mary M. (Larbarger) Sapp. When he was seven months old, his parents removed to Ohio, and settled in Knox count)', where he grew to manhood. When twenty-three years of age he went to his native state and remained one year, and returning to Ohio, settled in Wayne county. On January 13, 1848, he married Elisabeth, daughter of John and Catharine (Fightner) Flickinger. This union was blessed with nine children, five of whom are living: Rachel A., born April 17, 1852; Daniel M., born January 9, 1S56; Samuel W., born November 10, 1857; Elizabeth A., born October iS, 1862; Luther F., born October 18, 1865. The mother was born December 26, 1822. After marriage they began on a rented farm, but one year later he embarked in the hotel business at Smithville, Ohio, at which he continued until he came to Indiana in October 1852, when he settled on the eight}' acres where he now lives and which he bought the April previous. He built his log cabin, and began to clear the land. In his young days in Ohio, when his father settled, there were not families enough in one neighborhood to start a subscription school, but in time there were eight or ten families got together, who built a log school-house with stick chimney and puncheon seats, in which he went to school when there was no work for him to do on the farm, as in those days they had to tramp out their wheat and clover seed with horses, an occupation where he was always counted in. He and wife are members of the Lutheran church. He has 113 acres of good farming land in Springfield township, with substantial buildings. He is in politics a democrat. He is one of the leading farmers of this progressive day, but still preserves his old log cabin and stable to commemorate the golden days of the past.

Christopher Zeis, a venerable citizen of Allen county, is a native of Germany, born May 3, 1818. His parents, Martin add Christina (Stross) Zeis, natives of German}^, came to America with their family in 1819, and settled in Maryland, where they remained ten j-ears, then to Seneca county, Ohio, where they remained until death. Christopher remained with his parents until the father's death, in 1S52, when he came to Indiana and bought eif^hty acres with seventeen acres cleared. On October 23, 1845, he married Henrietta E. Nusbaum, and this union was blessed with eleven children, seven of whom are living : Barbara E., Melissa J., Rufus H., Laura V., George W., Joseph F. and Charles F. The mother was born August 21, 1S27. She was a member of the German Reformed church, formerly, but before her death, united with her husband in the Lutheran church, of which he was elder and deacon. November 8, 1887, he married Mrs. Ellinor Miller, widow of George Miller. She is a member of the Protestant Methodist church. He accumulated an estate of 220 acres, which he has divided among his children, except that he has a hfe lease on the homestead farm.

John W. Fr}', a prominent farmer of Springfield township, was born in Seneca county, Ohio, June 30, 1839. His parents, James and Martha (Gilham) Fr}-, natives of Virginia, came to Ohio about 1837, and located in Seneca count}', Ohio, where the}- remained until the father's death in 1847. He started out just after the treaty with the Indians, with the intention of settling in Indiana, but on arriving in Ohio, was persuaded by his brother to remain. The famil}' remained in Ohio after the death of the father about five years, when John came to Indiana, his brother being his guardian having previousl}' purchased eighty acres of uncultivated land in Springfield township. At the age of fifteen years, he began working at the carpenter trade, which he continued until 1883, and there is manj- a good and substantial building in Allen county to-day to witness to his industry and workmanship. On January- 16, 1862, he united in marriage with Sarah, daughter of John D. and Esther (Markle) Reichelderfer. This union was blessed with six children, only five now living: Charles E., John W. D., Emma E., Dolpha, and James R. The mother was born June 17, 1838. He is a member of the United Brethren church, his wife of the old Lutheran church. Just after marriage he located on a farm in the northern part of Springfield township. Two years later he removed to the farm where he now lives, and built his house in the dense forest. On April 30, 1883, he had the mis-' fortune to be crippled by the explosion of dynamite, while blowing out stumps, so as to be disabled for work of any kind. In 1875 ^""^ 1876 Hie built a nice frame dwelling. His valuable farm embraces 130 acres, with good and substantial buildings of his own work.

Jacob Friedt, a leading German citizen of Springfield township, was born in Westmoreland county, Penn., April 11, 1824. His parents, John and Lydia (Zimmerman) Friedt, both natives of Penns3'lvania, of German descent, emigrated with their famiU^ in 1827 or 1828 and settled in Wayne county, Ohio, where they bought eighty acres of uncultivated land", which the}" converted into a farm with the assistance of their son Jacob. There the latter was raised to manhood. He was never apprenticed, but was what might be called a natural carpenter, learning by himself to make many things which he had never seen made, such as panel doors, etc. In 1S44 he married Sarah, daughter of Samuel and Mary Snyder, born April i, 1S23. This union was blessed with eight children, five now living: Samantha, Mira, Lizzie, John and Agnes. He and wife are members of the Lutheran church, of which he has been elder about twelve years. He served as one of the trustees of his township in an early day and was treasurer of the board two years. In 1874 he was elected justice of the peace and served twelve years in succession. After his marriage in Ohio, he worked at his trade until 1852, when he came to Indiana and bought eight}' acres of land in Springfield, so overgrown that he had to cut out underbrush to find a site for his log cabin. He began clearing in connection with his trade. But having studied diligently, in 1854 ^^ ^"^^^ ^'^ teach one winter, and about five years later taught another term. There stand now in the township several houses and barns, the mark of his industr}- in early daj'S. He has a handsome farm of eighty acres.

Samuel Betz, a venerable citizen of Allen county, was born in Columbiana count}', Ohio, February i, 1816, son of George and Susannah (Sommer) Betz. The father and mother were pioneer settlers of Columbiana county, Ohio. There Samuel grew to manhood, and received a common school education. In 1S51 he married Rebecca Best, born October 4, 1S34, '^"d they had thirteen children, of whom ten are living: Alice, Samantha A., Joel, Jeremiah F., Samuel, George, John, Elizabeth, Sarah and Nettie. After marriage he rented land and worked on the railroad for about two years. In 1S52 he came to Indiana, and bought 160 acres of wood-land, built his cabin, and in 1S53 moved with his family to his new home. He and wife worked hard and soon the forest yielded to their perseverance. He never learned a trade, but being raised on the farm adopted agriculture as his vocation. His beautiful farm of 163 acres is one of the best in Allen county, and he and family are highly respected by all who know them.

Hiram Houk was born in Starr county, Ohio, November 25, 1S41, the second of seven children, born to George and Mary (Shilling) Houk. The father was born in Pennsylvania, the mother in Ohio. George Houk came to Ohio while a youth, and after driving team about a year, learned the miller's trade. He followed milling more or less until 1852, when he settled in DeKalb county, where he now resides. When he began work for himself he had only 50 cents capital, but he saved nearly all he made and when he came to Indiana, was able to pay $3,500 for 160 acres of land where he first settled. To this he added from year to year, until he had over 600 acres. He has been a consistent member of the Lutheran church about fifty years. His wife was formerly a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, but after marriage, she also joined the Lutheran church. He has always donated liberally for the erection of new churches. Hiram Houk received his education mainly in Ohio while a child. In 1863, he was married to Caroline Clemmer, born September 4, 1843, and they have had six children, of whom are living: Clara, Alice, Delia and Mary A, Mr. Houk

Vallev Of The Upper Maumee

Smith Richards, one of the substantial farmers of Springfield township, was born in Wayne county, Ohio, June 13, 1840, sixth of a family of nine children born to Soloman and Matilda (Mclntire) Richards. The father was born in Steubenville, Ohio, where he grew to manhood and married. He was a blacksmith b}' trade. Beginning life a poor man he bought forty acres of new land which he soon sold and bought eighty near Wooster, which he converted into a beautiful farm, and at one time owned 160 acres in Ohio. In 1853 he came to Indiana and settled in Milan township, where he bought eighty acres. After two and one-half years he returned to Ohio and remained until 1857, when he went to California with the view of making money enough to buy homes for his children. He remained two or three months and started home, but was lost at sea in a storm which lasted three days and nights. The captain of the vessel was the father of the wife of President Arthur. At thirteen years of age Smith came with his father to Indiana and after the death of his father he moved to Indiana, in 1862. He traveled a great deal, going to Iowa twice, also to Missouri and other states, until 1864, when he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Sixt3--sixth Ohio regiment, and served until the close of the war. He received an honorable discharge at Cleveland in 1865. After the war he traveled several years and finally, fourteen or fifteen years ago, he settled on the farm where he now lives. His fine farm of eighty acres is within one mile of Harlan. He is one of the leading citizens of Allen county. His brother John, who was a captain in the war, is now countv judge of Atchison county. Mo., and is worth about $100,000.

Samuel Mills, a worthy farmer of Springfield township, was born in NewYork state, October 2 1, 1837, son of JedediahC.and Jane (Forsythe) Mills. The father was a native of New York and the mother a native of Ireland. She came to America when a child, settled in Pennsylvania where she grew to womanhood, and removed to Jefferson count}', N. Y., where afterward she was united in marriage with Mr. Mills. In 1853 they came west and settled in Allen county, Ind., where he bought 100 acres of land where Samuel now lives. There were about thirty acres cleared without buildings. He erected buildings and there they remained until death, the father dying in 1857, and the mother in 1881. Both were members of the Methodist Episcopal church. He was a school teacher while quite young and took a great interest in schools all his life. Samuel remained with his parents until their death, and cleared and improved most of the farm. In 1861 he was married to Martha Brown, and this union was blessed w-ith seven children: Charles, Samuel C, Abbie, Carrie, Alice, William and Jesse. The mother was born in August, 183S. He and wife are members of the United Brethren church. He posse

Union Chafcl, near the center of north Pleasant township, was founded as the resuU of a meeting held at Prayer Grove chapel in June, 1874, ^o adopt measures for the building of a place of worship in Pleasant township which should be open to all denominations. The building was begun in August and completed in December, 1874, ^"^ ^^'^'^ dedicated by Revs. Robinson, of Fort Wayne and T. H. Bernau of Wells county.

Methodist Protestant Church. - An organization under the ministry of Rev. Edward Hickland was effected in about 1838, at New Haven. Among the prominent earl}' members were: Abram Miller and wife, Jeremiah Bateman, Rev. Isaac Bateman, Mrs. Julia Green, E. W. Green, Mrs. Sarah Bateman, Sallie Studebaker, ^Iaria Do3'le, Ann Miller, Joseph Young, Abram Hughes, Miss Jane Whitley, Susan McDougal, Mrs. McDougal, Monroe Norton. The congregation used the schoolhouse at first, and in 1857-8 erected a church building, which is still in use.

' The Cuba church of this denomination was organized in the winter of 1851, with fourteen members, by Rev. R. S. Widney. In 1854, ^^''" ing the pastorate of Rev. David Pattee, a frame church building, 30x40, costing $500, was built. This building was removed to Maysville in 1866, and was used there until 1S78, when a handsome frame structure was erected, which involved an expenditure of nearly $3,000. It was dedicated January 19, 1879, by Rev. McKeever.

Wesleyan Methodist Church. - In 1853 a society of the United Brethren church was organized at Eel River township, with ten members, and it prospered for over twent}- years, a neat frame church being erected in the west part of the township in i860; but about 1874 doctrinal differences between the pastor and congregation resulted in a division, the greater part of the society uniting in the organization of a Wesleyan Methodist church. The meetings of the old church soon afterward ceased, and in 1878 the new organization purchased the old building.

German Baptists. - The members of this church who settled in the northern part of the countv at the period of the German immigration, worshipped at a church in DeKalb county for a considerable period.- The members in Eel river township withdrew in 1874, chose Jeremiah Gump as pastor, and in 1875 built ^ frame church 36x50 feet, on section 9, at a cost of $1,500. In Cedar Creek township, a societ}- was organized in June, 1876, which purchased a building formerly used at Hamilton by the Methodists. This was re-dedicated by Rev. Jesse Calberd.

Mennonite Church. - Rev. Kraber held meetings in 1852, at the house of Jacob Saunders, preaching the doctrines of this church, and a society was organized which met at the residences and barns of members until the building of a church east of Hamilton, in 1874. In i860 there was a withdrawal by a number of members, who met at their private houses.

The Lutheran Church History Of The German Evangelical Lutheran

The Lutheran church is the church of the Reformation. There were reformers in the church before Luther, but there was no successful reformation except which Luther led. It is not necessary to tell the reader who Luther was. As long as history shall be told, and wherever the blessings of religious and civil liberty shall be enjoyed, the name of Luther will be remembered with veneration and gratitude. Of him more than of any other mortal of modei'n ages, it may be said : Though

Dead, He Still Liveth

But what is popularly known as the Lutheran church, is not so-called because she is founded on Luther. None can honor and revere the great reformer as a witness for the truth more than does the church that bears his name, but " our faith does not rest upon Luther's authority." Far from it. A pious German prince once said: "We are not baptised in the name of Luther. He is not our Lord and Savior. We do not rest our faith in him. In that sense we are not Lutherans. But if we be asked whether with heart or lips we profess the doctrines which God restored to light through the instrumentality of his blessed servant, Dr. Luther, we neither hesitate nor are we ashamed to call ourselves Lutherans." This is the reason wh}^ our church has so cheerfull}' adopted the name which was first applied to us, by way of derision and contempt, by our opponent, the Roman Catholic church.

Our first name, however, and the name of our own choice, is Evangelical. No other word can better characterize our church than this. For the gospel of Jesus Christ, the glad tidings of the Savior of sinners, is the doctrine with which our church must stand or fall. And we hold that the blessings of that gospel are continually presented to us as free as the air we breathe, through the means of grace, God' blessed Word and his holy sacraments. And in accepting them we renounce all dependence upon ourselves, all ideas of human merits, and with a firm and faithful trust cHng and cleave inseparably to Christ alone and his merit. Another distinctive trait of the Lutheran church is this At the head of all authority we place the Bible. That book alon determines all questions of doctrine and duty. " It is written,'' is th only argument to which we submit in matters of religion, our reason feelings, and experience to the contrary notwithstanding.

maintain that liberty of conscience and private judgment are inalienable rights of man. With a conscience free from any state authority, we are equally unfettered by any high church order in our church government. We receive our ministers not as masters of our faith, but merety as our pastors, preachers, brethren, and counsellors. One is our master, even Christ, and we are all brethren, and are bound together only by the eternal ties of God's Word. Such are the fundamental principles of the Lutheran church.

Since the da3's of the apostles, the great object of the Christian church, as an organization, has been " to go into all the world and preach the gospel to ever\' creature." She is appointed to carry the light, libert}^ and hope of the gospel to the ends of the earth. Her work is not done until the cross is planted in ever}- soil, the banner of redemption unfurled in ever}^ breeze, and the wretched and dying of all lands are pointed to the "lamb of God which taketh away the sins of the world." In this great and glorious work the Lutheran church, from the earliest period of the Reformation, took a conspicuous part, as the mother church of Protestant Christianity, she felt that she must lead the van in the work of missions. Accordingl}^, we find Lutheran princes and church patrons, already centuries ago, directing their attention to the spreading of the gospel among the heathen. Gustavus Vasa, the Lutheran king of Sweden, has the illustrious honor of instituting and establishing the first effective Protestant mission. The great Lutheran hero, Gustavus Adolphus, was of the same mind in these matters, and man}' other names might be added, that shine forth from the brilliant constellation of Lutheran missionaries and missionary institutions.

It was this missionary spirit tirst of all, that led to the planting of the Lutheran church in this country. "The English first came hither as adventurers in search of notoriety and gain. The Dutch first came hither uTipelled by the spirit of mercantile enterprise. The Puritans first came over to escape from religious persecution. But the Lutherans first came hither chiefly moved with the inspiring idea of planting on these newly discovered shores, the pure church of the living God. The plan was conceived by Gustavus Adolphus, and carried into effect by his on this continent landed in Virginia in 1607. Seven years after the Dutch commenced their settlement along the Hudson. Six years later the Puritans landed at Plymouth Rock. And but thirty years after the first permanent settlement of Europeans upon this continent, the Lutheran colonists, sent forth by royal favor from the kingdom of Sweden, took up their abode in the name of Christ, on the banks of the Delaware. Among the first, if not the very first Christian churches ever built and consecrated in this new world, were those they built. Five years before the arrival of Wilham Penn, a Lutheran minister was preaching the gospel in the neighborhood of where Philadelphia now stands. On Trinit}' Sunday, 1699, the first Lutheran church in America was consecrated at Christina, Del It is also an interesting reminis- cence, that the first missionaries who ever taught the gospel of Jesus to the Indians of America, were Lutherans; and that the first book ever transhited and printed in the Indian language, was the Lutheran Catechism."

The special mission and work of the Lutheran church in this countryhas always been chiefl}' among the Germans and Scandinavians and their descendants. And as the Lutheran church began with the Reformation in Germany, the great majority of Lutherans in this country are Germans and their descendants. It was religious persecution that caused' many of them to emigrate from their fatherland and to seek an asylum in America and a home where they might find " freedom to worship' God." This was the beginning of a number of Lutheran colonies in Georgia, South Carolina and other states.

But by far the greater number of German emigrants left their homes and all that was dear to them because poverty and starvation stared them in the face in their native country. They entered upon a long and tedious voyage across the Atlantic and endured the perils and hardships which often greeted them upon their arrival in this country, because they knew that with industry and frugality, better prospects and better opportunities for making a living awaited them here than in their own country. There came the titled nobleman who, by misfortune or mismanagement, had lost that affluence which once surrounded his ancestral home. There came the unfortunate merchant who by unwise investments and lack of success in his commercial affairs brought himself and family to the verge of ruin. There came the industrious mechanic who could scarcely maintain a large and increasing family on the small pittance which was his daily support, and who could never hope to get beyond the point of keeping the wolf from the door. There came the sturdy peasant and tenant who was so' overburdened with tithes and gatherings that he groaned over the profitless labor he daih' performed. There came the strong and promising youth, to escape the demands of his country upon him for military service. There came, in the blush of fife, young and unmarried men and women, who could see nothing before them but overcrowded situations; whose circumstances forbade them ever to arrive at the condition of competency in the ordinary pursuits of life, and who therefore felt but too keenlj^ that the Old World had Httle employment to offer and less bread to spare. Thus //cccss/h' induced the vast majority of German emigrants to seek their fortune in America. And this class of peoplehas furnished chiefly the field for the mission of the Lutheran church in America. And it was this class of emigrants that laid the foundation to, and built up, the various Lutheran congregations in Fort Wayne and AUen county.

It was on Saturday, October 14, 1837, when a number of German immigrants met in a room of the court-house of Fort Wa3ne, and byadopting the formula of the discipline of the Evangelical Lutheran hurch organized the first German Evangelical Lutheran Church F Fort Wayne. This was the first Lutheran church in the state of

Indiana. There were present twenty-three heads of families whose names were entered upon the records of the newh' organized congregation. The pastor was the Rev. Jesse Hoover, and the first election resulted in making Adam Wefel and Henr\- 'I'rier, elders, and Henry Rudisill and Conrad Nill, deacons. Such was the humble origin of St. Paul's church, now on Barr street.

The man who was most active in bringing about this event was Henry Rudisill, who, born and bred in Pennsylvania, had moved to Fort Wayne in the year 1829, when the village had but 150 inhabitants, mostly French and Indians. Mr. Rudisill and his familj' were the first Germans and the first Lutherans in this part of the country. No happier man than he when, after j-ears of patient waiting, he at last saw the German Lutherans in this frontier village united in a church organization, and supphed with a Lutheran pastor.

Rev. Hoover entered upon his duties with indomitable zeal, serving his people as their pastor and preacher, and sharing with them their hardships and privations. Not content with his work in the settlement, he extended his mission circuit over the greater part of northern Indiana. But unfortunately, after a successful ministry of not quite two years, he died, when but twenty-eight years old. His remains were recently removed from a neglected spot and deposited in the Lutheran cemeter}' where they have found a prominent and permanent resting place. Blessed be his memory.

The little flock of Lutherans was now without a shepherd. But soon God in His providence led into their midst a man who was not only to supply St. Paul's, but who was to become the patriarch of Lutheranism on this continent west of the Alleghanies. This was the sainted Rev. Wyneken, who only recently hai'' left his native land, and risked the dangers and exposure of a sea voyage, and cast his lot in a new countr_y with its many inconveniences. And why did he do this.'' For no other reason than to bring the gospel to his German brethren that were scattered over this new country which was then in a most chaotic condition. Nothing but his great love for Christ and His church could furnish the motive. In the autumn of 1S38 he came to Fort Waj-ne and at once entered upon his labors which were many and arduous. The perils and difficulties, trials and exposures which beset him, can scarcely be conceived at this day. And yet his confidence in God remained unshaken. He frequently undertook distant and irksome journeys as far as the states of Ohio and Michigan; sometimes these missionary tours required an absence from home for weeks and months, and subjected him to much persoual inconvenience; yet he cheerfully submitted to all. He was willing to make any sacrifice, endure any suffering, and render any service, however toilsome, that he might advance his mission and bring souls to Christ. He never grew weary in well-doing, but his left hand never found out what his right did in "that direction. He had the unbounded confidence of his people, and no man ever deserved it more than he did.

What a hard life many of those early German'settlers must have had! After a long and stormy passage, worn out with the toils and sufferings of an overland journey in this wild country before the days of the railroad, they finally reached their destination, only to be disapointed in their expectations. Soon, however, they would gather courage, and many of them began to swing their axes and hewed out the timber foV their rude dwelHngs, and laid the foundation to some of the most valuable farms and estates in Allen county. Bread for themselves, their wives and httle ones was all they could expect in the beginning from the fruitful soil of their adopted country. And in many cases the poor immigrant had first to work to paj' the expense of his passage to America, as he had to borrow the money to cross the ocean. But we shall not rehearse the touching story of the hardships and strugglings of these heroic men and women, the pioneers in the Allen county wilderness! In spite of it all, wood fires, the only comfort that was plenty, blazed bright, and around the warm hearthstone often was heard the prayers of thanksgiving and the song of praise. Ay, those were men and women of strong faith. They were deeply attached to their church. They read and studied the Bible, and were accustomed to family prayers. They laid the foundation of our Lutheran churches both deep and strong, and deserve to be held in grateful remembrance to all future generations.

After having had their services for years in the court-house, and afterward in a small brick building, on the corner of Harrison and Superior streets, the St. Paul's congregation bought some ground and in 1S39 erected a small frame building where the new St. Paul's is rearing its magnificent spires to the skies to-da}'.

For some years after the first little church had been built. Rev. Wyneken continued to labor among his people with the same untiring zeal, submitting himself to self-denials and deprivations from which most men would recoil. But a call to a Lutheran church in Baltimore, which he accepted, put an end to his work here in Fort Wayne. This occurred in 1845. We can well imagine the scene of leave taking, as the saddened group of people gathered to bid him good-bye and wafted their parting blessings to him. Afterward the reverend gentleman became one of the founders and leaders of the Missouri synod, now one of the largest Lutheran organizations in the country; and for many 3'ears he was the president of said synod, where he was frequently and successfully engaged in church difficulties, in restoring peace among the brethren, in encouraging feeble congregations and in performing many other labors in the interest of the Lutheran zion. He died in San Francisco, Cal., in 1877, and was buried in Cleveland, Ohio. The debt of gratitude to him can never be repaid. Wherever his name is spoken his services shall be recounted and his memory hallowed, and his praises dwell hving upon the lips of men.

The next pastor of St. Paul's was Rev. W. Sihler, who was installed in 1845. Under his faithful and fostering care the congregation continued to grow and flourish. Soon it became necessary, for want of accommo-

One of the leading events during the pastorate of Rev. Sihler was the establishment of a theological seminary, of which he was appointed the first professor and director. This institution, years afterward, was tranferred to St. Louis, and the present Concordia college took its place.

In the course of time the congregation became solarge that it became necessar}' to divide it into two parishes. Accordingly, the Emanuel's Lutheran Church was branched off, and a noble and imposing church edifice erected on the corner of Jackson and Jefferson streets, and Rev. Stubnatzy, who, for years had been Rev. Sihler's most highly accomplished and immensely popular assistant, was made pastor of the new charge. This was done during the years 1868 and j:869.

Rev. Sihler now continued to perform the duties of his sacred office alone until 1875, when the ever increasing work and his decreasing strength induced him to ask for another assistant. Accordingly, Rev. H. G. Sauer, a highly talented Lutheran minister of Mobile, Ala., was called and installed to labor by the side of the venerable senior pastor. The growth of the church was such a rapid one that it soon became apparent that another division would also have to be made. In 1882, therefore, the Zion's Lutheran Church, in the southern portion of the city, was established, with Rev. Dreyer as her first pastor. In June, 1885, Rev. Sihler, who for forty years had so faithfully ministered to the spiritual wants of St. Paul's, was constrained, in view of extreme old age, to resign the pastorate. He lingered on for some months, and died on October 27th of the same year. He went to his grave most highly honored and respected. His stern integrity, his intense earnestness of purpose, his simple and child-like faith, his sense of dut}^, and his fidelity to the doctrines of his church will always bear honorable mention.

The year 1887 was a year of special interest to the members of St. Paul's, and to the Lutherans of Allen county in general, for it brought the fiftieth anniversar}', which was celebrated in a manner becoming the occasion. It was a jubilee of joy and thanksgiving and it was resolved that, though the old church building was still in fairly good condition, to erect a new and more commodious house of worship, and through the extraordinar}' liberality and devotion of the German Lutheran people, a new church has been built, on the site of the old building that, by universal consent, is one of the handsomest and most imposing structures of the city. At writing of this sketch preparations are being made for consecrating the new building to the service of the Triune God. The present pastor is Rev. Sauer, who assumed the full duties of the pastorate ever since the resignation of Rev. Sihler. That his position offers him no sinecure may be gathered from the fact that no less 3,000 souls belong to his parish. A man more affable in manners, more genial in disposition, and better gifted for pulpit and other ministerial work, than Rev. H. G.

The Lutheran Church. 47 1

Sauer, it would probably be difficult to find. May this faithful pastor and his good people long continue to enjoy God's choicest blessings in the new temple, and may the means of grace used there redound to the glory of God and the salvation of many souls.

St. John's Evangelical Lutheran congregation was founded in the year 1853. Besides being small and weak, the congregation contained an element that would not tolerate church discipline and order. Consequentlj', dissensions and confl^icts of all kinds that retarded the congregation's growth were not wanting during the first fifteen years. Besides this, frequent change of ministers was a great drawback, for during the time mentioned the congregation was served by four pastors, namely, Hochstetter, Kleineggers, Kuhn and Baumann. This and some other things were the cause why the congregation did not prosper at first as might be expected. In the year 1868 the congregation called the present pastor. Rev. J. Kucher, at that time of Pittsburgh, Penn.

The congregation is now in a flourishing condition. It owns a beautiful church, a school-house, in which 160 children are daily instructed by two teachers, a large parsonage, a dwelling house for the teachers, and a farm near the city. A beautiful cemetery is laid out on the farm. The congregation numbers 1,000 communicants. St. John's church is not in a s\'nodical connection with the other German Lutheran churches of Fort Wayne, but a member of the Evangelical Lutheran synod'of Ohio.

St. Paul's, at Fort Wayne. - This is the oldest Lutheran church in the state, and the parent church of the five following. Rev. H. G. Sauer, pastor. The congregation has its own parochial school in which the following teachers are employed: Messrs. J. H. Ungemach, C. Grahl, E. Gerberding, B. M. Hemmann, I. Riedel, C. Strieder and H. K. Mahlich.

The Emanuel's Lutheran Church. - The first pastor of this congregation was Rev. W. Stubnatzy, who, through his polished and pleasant manners, his ardent Lutheran spirit and his eloquent address exerted a most important influence upon the development of the Lutheran church at Fort Wayne. This great and popular preacher died in 1880, and was succeeded by Rev. C. Gross, the present pastor of the congregation. The teachers are: Messrs. G. Kampe, D. Lindemann, D. Roscher, G. Hormel and G. Grimm.

The St. John's German Evangelical Lutheran Church at Hoagland, Allen county, Ind. This congregation was organized October i, 1849, and has grown from small beginnings under the faithful ministry of Revs. Husmann, Fleischmann, Bauer, Karrer, Rosenwinkel, Zschoche, and of the present pastor. Rev. G. Th. Gotsch, and is to-day in a flourishing condition, having a neat church and a school building and a parsonage, all of brick.

No sketch of Lutheranism of Allen county would be complete without including a description of Concordia College. In the " east end " of Fort Wayne, between Maumee avenue and Washington street, there is a tract of land covering twenty-five acres, on which are a number of large buildings and several family residences. The grounds are those of Concordia college, one of the largest German Lutheran educational institutions in this countr} . This college is mainlj^ a preparatory school for the Concordia Theological seminary at St. Louis, Mo., where from thirty to forty students are graduated each year, to suppl}' pulpits mostly in the Missouri Lutheran synod. Hence almost every clergyman that holds a diploma from the St. Louis seminar}' has also been graduated at the college at Fort Wayne.

Concordia college was founded in 1839, by a few theologians, in Perry count}'. Mo. The first college building was a log cabin, and the beginnings were very humble. In 1849, ^^^ college was removed to St. Louis, and at the outbreak of the war of rebellion, in 1861, Fort Wayne became its permanent home.

At the time of the change Concordia had but three chairs in its faculty, and these were filled by Professors Schick, Saxer and Lauge. The number of students there was only seventy-eight. In the night of December 28, 1869, the main building of the former seminary was destroyed by fire. Soon, however, not only this part of the institution was rebuilt, but, in time, such other structures were erected as the growing needs of the college required. The main building to-day if 150 feet long by eighty feet wide, and is three stories high. The lower floor is used for class rooms, the second floor for living rooms, and the upper floor for sleeping apartments. Among the latest additions is the gymnasium, built with funds raised by the students, and well equipped with the proper apparatus.

dation at the college at a surprisingly small cost. No tuition fee is charged to those who propose to enter the service of the church, and as ninety-eight per cent, of the graduates become theological students, very little revenue goes into the college treasury from this source. Concordia college exists and flourishes without one cent for a fund; it depends on the voluntary contributions of the German Lutheran people, upon wise and economical management, and, tirst and last, upon the Giver of all good things. Thus the German Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri places within the easy reach of its youth all the advantages of a superior education. Thus she supplies her churches with men thoroughly equipped for the arduous duties of the ministry.

On the 25th and 26th days of June, 1889, Concordia was decked and arrayed in her holiday garments. It was her fiftieth anniversary. It was a joyous occasion - one never to be forgotten by those hundreds of students and alumni and guests who were so fortunate as to be present. May Concordia college continue to grow and multiply, and to accomplish great good in the land.

The following is a list of the college faculty: Rev. A. Baepler, director, or president, of Concordia college; Rev. F. Schick, professor of the Latin and Greek languages; Rev. H. W. Diederich, professor of Enghsh language and literature. Prof. H. W. Diederich, who for years has been suffering from failing eye-sight and a serious throat affection, was, on July 9, 1889, appointed consul to Leipsic, Germany, by President Harrison, which appointment the professor has accepted, thus creating a vacanc}' in the chair of English language and literature, which he has filled for sixteen years. In point of service, therefore, the professor was the second oldest member of the faculty. Prof. G. Schick being the senior. Rev. A. Crull, professor of the German and French languages; H. DuemHng, Ph. D., professor of mathematics and natural history; Rev. F. Zucker, professor of the Greek and Hebrew languages; O. Siemon, Ph. D., professor of the Latin language; H. Schuelke, Cand. rev. min., assistant professor of the Latin language.

Rev. Henry G. Sauer, pastor of St. Paul's German Evangelical Lutheran church, Fort Wayne, was born in St. Louis, Mo., June 14, 1845, son of Christopher G. and Julia (Waldhauer) Sauer, natives of Germany, who were married in St. Louis in 1844. Both are now deceased. He attended the parochial schools of St. Louis, and at thirteen years of age entered Concordia college, which was then located at that city. While he was a student the college was removed to Fort Wayne, in 1861. He was graduated in 1865, and in the fall entered Concordia seminary, at St. Louis, at which he was graduated in June, 1868. He began his ministerial labors in St. Louis, taking charge of Christ's church for a year and a half, and during the same time teaching the parochial school connected with his church. In February, 1870, he accepted the call of the German Evangelical Lutheran church at Mobile, Ala., and thence in November, 1875, he was called to the position of second pastor of St. Paul's church of Fort Wayne. He acted in that capacity ten years, the late Rev. Dr. William Sihler being the first pastor during the time. Upon the death of Dr. Sihler, in 1 885, Rev. Sauer succeeded him, and has filled this position in a very able and scholarly manner. Mr. Sauer was married February 4, 1869, to Maria T., daughter of Rev. Carl and Emma Tuercke. She was born in Fiierstenwalde, German}^, September 18, 1845. The)' have had eight children: Henry T., Herman, Paul E., Charles, Emma, Martha, Maria and Adele, of whom Henry and Charles are deceased. For several years Rev. Sauer has been a member of the board of trustees of Concordia college, and since the death of Rev. Stubnatzy he has been president of the board.