Union Township (part 4 of 4)

The first house erected was the Star House, by Mr. Teeter, in 1850. The first hotel was the Forest House, built July 2, 1852. The first store was that of J. J. Turpen (Ohio side, Deerfield Crossing), August, 1852. The first grocery was by Alfred Lenox (Deerfield Crossing), October to December, 1852. The first store, Indiana side, was by B. Hawkins, February, 1853. The , first grain house was by Hawkins & Searl, February, 1853. The first railroad agent was R. A. Willson, opening the first set of railroad books in Union City. , He managed all three of the roads for some tiriie. The Bee Line was two roads for awhile. The first cars from this place were loaded with grain by Hawkins & Searl, on both roads. J. E. Paxson set up the first boot and shoe store in 1856. William Anderson set up the first blacksmith shop in August, 1852, and his shop is running yet ( 1881 ) . The first hardware store was by Dukemineer & Maloy. The first stove store man was a Mr. Smith (or Evans). The first millinery establishment was by Mrs. Bennett. The first drug- store belonged to Simmons & Hill, 1854 or 1855. The first livery stable was by Alfred Lenox, in 1855: The first book store was set U]5 by Espy & Steele. The first bank was the First National Bank, Edward Starbuck, president, 1865! Kuntz & Willson began their lumber yard in 1867. Kirschbaum & Company began their store in 1865. W. K. Smith began the shoe business in 1859.. J. D. Smith set up his jewelry store in 1865. The first public school was taught in the winter of 1853-54, by George W. Brainard. The first church organization was the Methodist Episcopal, in 1852. There were four members, two on probation. The first preaching .place was Henry Debolt's house. The first Sunday school was in 1853; superintendent, Rev. J. T. Farson; attendance, twenty-five; place, old Bee- Line boarding car. The two first brick edifices are thought to have been Branham's Hotel, 1855, and the building on the southwest corner of Columbia and Pearl - erected .by I. P. Gray. The first sawmill was built by John D. Carter in 1852. The first grist-mill belonged to Hobbs (Ohio side), began in 1857. McMillan built a warehouse (Ohio side), and then it was changed into a mill by Hobbs about 1857. The first public school house was built in 1858. The first church was the Disciples church built in 1853-58. The first child born was Henry Debolt's, dead. The first magistrate was Esquire Evans. The first attorney was William P. Debolt. The first physician was Dr. Diehl, or perhaps, Dr. Twiford, 1852.

Official History

Union City, Indiana, was organized as a town, but no record can be found before 1863. The minutes for 1863 speak of ordinances passed in April, 1855. From that time to the city charter the officers were as follows: Presidents of the board of trustees, Messrs. Weddington, Lambert, Maloy, White, Hill, Cowdery, Swain, Cranor, Jaqua and Harris. The trustees have been Messrs. Maloy, Grabs, Simmons, William Branham, Weddington, Hake, Lambert, Koons, Gregory, Hill, White, Coats, Wiggs, Heitzman, Cowdery, Humphrey, W. K. Smith, Willson, Frey, Cranor, Gist, J. Dye Smith,- Mathes, Jaqua, Knapp, Johnson, Ewen, Kerr, Ladd, Harris and Frank. Clerks of the board, Messrs. Reeder, Swain, Gregory, Beall, Smith, Lambert, Wiley, Johnson and Converse. Treasurers, Messrs. Cadwallader, Polly, Coats, Anderson and Johnson. Marshals, Messrs. Sutton, Harkrader, Murphy, Nickey, Mason and Headington.

Union City maintained its organization as a town until 1875, when it was chartered as a city, being one of the first in eastern Indiana to take advantage of the state law granting city charters 'to towns of its size.

: Mayors of Union City, Indiana (it is impopssible to give dates because of the variations in the terms of the mayors) : Lorenzo D. Lambert, elected in 1875 ; James B. Ross, Theodore Shockney, I. G. Stall, Charles H. Cadwallader, Frank H. Bowen, Samuel R. Bell, Wilfield S. Murray, Thomas Jones, Samuel R. Bell, Clarence S. Pierce, G. A. Rosenbush, Charles S. Hardy, Charles I. Williamson, William Harris and Charles D. Reitenour.

Councilmen, since the city corporation was created, have been Messrs. Coddington, Pierce, Koons, Stall, Harris, Frank, Doty, Wetz, Reeder, Bowersox, Castle, Rubey, Witham, John D. Smith, Jones, Vestal, Ladd, Nivison, Masslich, Frey. The following form the present council: Milo F. Oliver, George Hueber, William Keagy, Henry G. Rosenbush and Fred Schmidt.

Union City is today a thorough progressive city and all lines of business are well represented, and it is noted for its fine homes, churches, schoolhouses and public buildings. The city and vicinity support three substantial banks that would be a credit to a much larger city than Union City, and the same can be said of the general stores, for jt is very uncommon for people that do (65) shopping' to' any extent' to leave iUhioH City to do same. The city -has ari excellent equipfneiit of stores; such as grocery, drug, harness, dry goods, clothing, millinery; boot, shoe, etc., and said business is conducted by a live and energetic class of business men. -

Union City has been noted for years for its manufacturing interests, principally in the "Go" Hiie: "This branelfOf the industry is" represented, first, by thelloss Carriage Manufacttiising Company. "This company was established in 1866 by George W. Ross, aild'was operated by Ross & Horney. They were succeeded by Ross & Hardy, who, in turifi,' were succeeded by Ross & Anderson. The company" was incorporated as' a" stock company,' with a capital' stock of $24,000.00, in 1899, and employs at this time an average of twenty-five men per day. It has a yearly output of fifteen hundred vehicles, not including a great afnount of repairing, repainting ; in fact, all kinds of repair work. This has been a! very valuable industry for Union City, and has been one of the institutions that has given the' city a standing as a manufacturing city.

The Union City Carriage Manufacturing Company was organized in 1881, with a capital stock' of $100,000.00. It is a mammoth cohGem,' employing one hundred and twenty-five men, and has a yearlyotitptrt: of five thousand buggies and carriages. They'have' a "brOad' territory for their output and the excellence of their product makes them a leading factor in the buggy trade of Indiana, Ohio 'and Illinois. " "'"

The latest brgarii'zation of Union City is the Union City Body Company, which has recently "been organized, with a capital Stock of' $75,000.00. This concern employs eighty-five fflen a:nd has a yearly outputof 2,500 bodies. They manufacture, principally, "auto bodies, wi'th" metal panels. The tremendous demand for automobiles has made this one of the most valuable companies in eastern Indiana, artd itscapital'stock rates very- high 'in the market. Thev sell to manufacture only and cover the middle west as their' territory.

Union City was one of the first cities of the state to own and operate its own water system. The excellence of the system and the financial benefit that it has been to the city certainly speak well for the policy and management of thfe people who have had it in control. The first well' for- this company was sunk in the south part of the city to- a depth of something like. twenty-three feet. The bottoni of the' well is at a vein of gravel something like fifteen feet deep, below which is a Stratum- Of a hard pan from six to eight feet deep. From that there alternates layers of clay and quicksand to atf unknown depth. The capacity of this well was about 180,000 gallons per day, which amount was at various times taken from it. The second well was a surface well thirty-nine feet deep and thirty feet in dia.meter, built in 1883. The third well was driHed as a ga^ well, but no gas being obtained the well was plugged and used as a water well, coming from a depth of 235 feet, and is eight inches in diameter. Date unknown. The fourth and fifth wells were drilled by Charles Guthiel, of, Winchester, in 1900, and are three hundred feet deep, diameter ten inches. Sixth well, drilled in July, 19 14, is 221 feet deep, and ten inches in diameter. The water from these wells is analyzed every six months by the state board pi health. The following is the analysis made May 23, 1914: Odor, none; color,, 16; turbidity, slight; sediment, much; free ammonia, .0020,; albuminoid ammonia, .0020; nitrates, .0030; nitrites, .0001 ; chlorine, .6; hardness, 34.8; iron, .01; colon bacilli, none. After giving the above anaylsis. State Chemist Barnard added the following sentence, "This is good water."

Mains. - The first mains, laid in 1873, were of pine logs, with iron and coated with pitch. Sizes, fen inches, eight inches, six inches and four inches. Of this kind there were four and three-fourths miles laid. Some of this main is still in use. The plant has been extended so that at present there is about nineteen miles of .mains.

Service. - There .are one hundred and seven fire hydrants. Consumer service is -partly by meter and partly by "flat rate." There are 900 meters in use and about 400 use the water by "flat rate." Total services, 1,300.

Equipment. - The first building was forty feet square, and a Dean pump of Indianapolis was installed. .. Its capacity was 900 gallons per minute. The city, as well as the installers, became embroiled in a law suit over the use of a patent governor. The city lost its suit and a judgment for $5,000.00 was returned by the courts againstit. .This plant had two water tube boilers which furnished the power. These were in use aboyt twenty years. In 1893 the' boilers were replaced by two new return tubular boilers, and the pumping force was increased by the addition of a Duplex Pa,ttern pump, whose capacity was 1,500 gallons per minute. It -was so arranged that the old Dean and the new pump were used in d,uplicate. In 1898, because of not being able to get the water from, the wells in sufficient quantity, an air system was installed.

In 1913 the old building was torn down and the plant rebuilt. Two new return tubular boilers of 100 horse power each, a new Cross compound condensing pump, with a capacity of 900 gallons per minute, were installed. The old Dean was discarded and the Duplex pump was rebuilt and is used in duplicate. At this time an air compressor of the Cross compound type was also

It miglit be said further that the new plant has been inspected by experts and pronounced a model. The total equipment was appraised or inventoried, the plant at a total of $1 15,000.00, which does not include the Ohio side mains. There is included in the plant a reservoir for fire reserve. It was built in 1908, is 60x80 feet, and has a capacity of 360,000 gallons. It is entirely covered and is thoroughly sanitary. %

Financial Statement. - When the plant was first operated and for some few years, it was necessary for the council to vote money from the general fund to the water works fund. Then, upon the extension of the plant, it furnishes a very substantial revenue to the city. At the present time the surplus is being used to extend the plant. Last year the revenue reached almost $10,000.00, and the operating expenses were about $5,000.00. When it is remembered that the city pays no charges for fire hydrants or aijything of the kind, this is a splendid showing.

E. S. Pettus, the first superintendent, did much to make the plant a success, and the work he began is being carried forward successfully by the present superintendent, Charles F. Smith.

Nathan Cadwallader was born in Warren county, Ohio, in 1826. His father moved to Greensfork, Randolph county, Indiana, in 1833. He was an active, thriving man, but he died in 1840. Nathan was the only boy, and but fourteen years old. He "gc^uged along" after a "fashion," borrowed a horse sometimes, etc. He did most of the work that was done, though his sisters helped what they could in loading, cleanihg gfain, etc. They cleared grain by "flapping" it on a sheet, and had to haul everything on a sled. A wagon was a luxury not to be thought of. Two brothers, Thomas and Abner (his father), came together, and settled west of Arba. Mr. Cadwallader attended' school at Winchester Seminary, under Professor Cole, twelve weeks. To show the primitive simplicity of those times, it may not be amiss to state that when Professor Cole advised his aspiring country lads to invest in a box of blacking and a brush and to try their qualities, Nathan obediently procured the articles, but was utterly at a non plus, because he had no knowledge of the modus operandi, never having seen an application of the stuff. He taught school four terms; was clerk for Needham, Mauzy & Company; bought out/ Mauzy and sold goods at Spartanburg ; bought out Needham and sold at Newport three or four years; was partner with Raiford Wiggs at Union City; went to Cincinnati, in the firm of Gray, Cadwallader & Wiggs, as wholesale grocers; returned to Union City, and, with Col. I. P. Gray, established the Citizens Bank

1^1865. This was reorganized (same name), under Indiana la\y, in 1873, la^fl he was made president. Mr. Cadwallader was state senator in 1876 and 1880. He has been twice married, first to Elizabeth Celinda Mauzy, then to Sarah Griffis (1854). He has three children. Mr. Cadwallader is now a resident of Winchester and a highly respected citizen.

Rev. .Thomas Colclazer was born in Washington City in 1811, and came to Coshocton county, Ohio, in 1827. In 183& he married Hannah Johnson. From his early boyhood till. he threw down his hammer and took up the Gospel tftenpet, he was a blacksmith. He was converted to Christ at a camp-meeting (^^owdy's fork, in the north part of Coshocton county, Ohio, in 1829, under t^^preaching of the sainted Bigelow. Shortly afterward, in 1830, he. was

Iremsed as an exhorter; in 1840, as a preacher, and. in 1851 he began to "ride circuit," his first work of this kind being at Deerfield and vicinity in 1851 and 1852. It thus came to pass that he was the earliest preacher at Union City, when it first began to be. His fields of labor in later years were Middletown, Henry county; Perkinsville, below Anderson; Bethlehem, sixteen miles east of Indianapolis; Alexandria, Philadelphia (west of Greenfield) and elsewhere. He died suddenly, in 1865, at Union City.

John Fisher was born in North Carolina in 1792, near the old "Guilford Battle Ground." He left that state in 1816 oa horseback, and rode alone (except two days' journey) all the way to Lebanon, Ohio; and (after five or six days spent in visiting friends there) to Wayne county, Indiana, having been fifteen days on the road - a pretty quick trip compared with the speed often made by families and groups coming through on a "moving" expedition. He entered 160 acres in the winter of 1816-17, worked about, put up a cabin, was married to Jane Starbuck September 16, 1819, by Adam Boyd, the only justice of the peace in Wayne county at that time. There were no justices in New Garden township till 1822 or 1823.- Mr. Fisher and his wife began to keep "cabin" October 7, 1819; and they lived on that farm till January, 1866, more than forty-six years. They came to Union City in 1866. John Fisher was an orphan boy at six years old. His father died in December, and his mother in September, 1798. He was raised by an elder brother. His father had ten children, who all lived to be grown and have families. Jane Starbuck (his wffe) was born in 1803 in Guilford county, North Carolina. She came with her father, Edward Starbuck, to Wayne county in 181 7; John Fisher died at the residence of his son-in-law, Charles W. Pierce, in Union City, Indiana, February 8, 1881, in his eighty-ninth year.

E. J. Harshman, Union City, Ohio, is a native of Randolph county, Indiana; he was borri in J-ackson township, in 1842, the son of Reuben Harsh- man, an early settler, and one of nine children. He grew up a farmer's son, attending only the schools of the neighborhood. In 1862 he joined the FiftyfouJ-th Indiana Regiment at Indianapolis, and after the end of his term of service he was mustered out December, 1863. Hfe marriied Sally French in 1871, and they had three children.

Other citizens, who are not jnentioned, and who were factors in the making of Union Citywere Edmund L; Anderson, Charles- W. Pierce, William Anderson, blacksmith; William H. Andersonj lumber ; Adolphus Barnes, inerchaht; A. J. S. Bowers, merchant; John Butdhef, grocer; Robert- J; Qatk, banker; Jefferson Gist; blafcksmith; George Grabs, tailor; William Harris, manufacturer; Abram Hoke, carpenter; Seth Hoke, jeweler; Stephen H. Ladd, grocer; Robert B. McKee,' merchant; Jesse Patxon, merchant; Enos H. Turpen, grocer ; William A. Wiley, miller ; William T. Worthirigton. -

It woiild'be impossible, in a book of this tind, to give anjthing like an accurate description Of therridny numerous business enterprises carried on in' the hustling city of Union City.

The Witham Boweh Lumber Company, Peter Koontz Lumber Company, FraiikE. Rohr Lumber Company, Knapp Supply Company, Pierce Elevators, Kirschbaum Clothing Company, arid many other enterprises would deserve more mention than space would allow here.

Union City has maintained a constant growth and a wholesome business atmosphere, and will no doubt continue to hold a position of first importance with the business cities of the state. -

County-Seat, Winchester

The legislative enactment creating Randolph county was approved by Governor Jennings January io, 1818. This,'among other things, provided for five commissioners to "establish the seat of justice" in Randolph county and this further provided that these co'minissioners might receive donations of land, the proceeds of which were to be used for public affairs. These locating commissioners met in August, 181 8, and fixed the county-seat at Winchester.

They received as donations to the county land as follows : Charles Conway, sixty acres; John Wright, fifty acres; David Wright, ten acres; David Stout, eighteen acres ; Daniel Petty, twenty acres ; making one hundred fiftyeight acres from five men. This land was all' located in sections 20 and 21, township 20 north, range 14 east, being the present site of the city of Winchester. Winchester was the first town established in the county.

The commissioners held their first two meetings in the cabin of Benjamin Cox, east of where the Friends church at White River now stands. Their third meeting, held December 6, 1818, was "a. special meeting of the board of commissioners in .the town of Winchester for the purpose of the lettir^g to the .lowest bidder the building of a court house, jail and stray pen, ;in : said tqwH*" From thisjt ig. evident, that Winchester assuiped. the name almost as soon as the county was organized..: .^ 3.. : ;. .-,. ji -« 1;:, u ;.[:Mtich.of the;following account of Winchester has been taken substantially from "Manuscripts" by Honorable Jere Smith, who came ta Randolph CQuntyjin Augusts Ii8i7,-.and'resided,therein for more than fifty years until his death]. \ -. . : . . -. ; _, -. : c , , ,^ ,, ;

._ Lots were laid out in the fall and winter of 1818. The first sale of lots took place, February, 18JL9... The whole- plat was an unbroken forest, a primitive wilderness, heavily timbered, with a thick undergrowth. It was riec^ssary to put the court house on blocks eighteen inches high to keep. -.the> (building above water. A large oak, three feet.- .'through, stood for years on- inlot No. 9, east front'. It was. cut down in 1825 or .1826, and the stump was standng- thei-e in state when Judge Smith built the Franklin Hqusc; in 1839. The comraisisoners, Messrs;- Cox,- Overman and, James, and Paul W. Way, agent, had agreed upon the plan of tJae town. -.Overman and -Way were both surveyors-, backwoods fashion. Charles Connor, who was -also, a "half surveyor," , had a little stiff -armed compass, four-inch 'face, and an old two-pole chain,, tied;, witfi -leather and tow strings. Paul Way did the Surveying. As the commissioners were looking over the ground to locate .the public squjare, Charles Conway told Judge Smith that Old EH Overman stuck down the Jacob-staff, saying, /'Here shall be the northeast corner of the public square," and there, it was.i and ther.e it is, and is to be, unless, seems;not very unlikely in these latter days, some city "engineer" shall take it into his overgrown- head to plant ne^^ cornets and turn town, streets and all ''awry." ; ; ,,.

The first house built was a round log cabin, one-story high, "scutched down" after it was raised, and before:the rafters, were put up. - It had a clapboard roof and a clay and stick chimney. Mr; Smith says, "Ldo not know, who built the house, but .Martin Comer owned it and lived in it a long time. It stood -on inlot No. 9, north front, and wasrbuilt in the early spring of 1819. The second house was put up by Thomas Wright, father-in-law of John Coats, in the spring and summer of 1819. In the summer, and fall of 1819, James McCool, a blind man, put up upon inlot No. i,-.west front, a good, two-story hewed-log house. When I first came to Winchester =(1819), it was the.hotel of the town, kept by the blind man,. McCool. When next I came, James Oldham, hatter, kept' tavern in it,-, and a -hatter's shop-back of it. Old Esquire Odle owned it afterward and built a little frame store at the north, end and a

I028 Randolph County, Indiana

In the winter of 1819-20, James Oldham, the hatter, built a good hewedlog house, story and a half, on inlot No. 11, southeast square ; and in the spring of 1820, Alvin C. Graves built a round-log cabin on lot No. 14, in the southeast square.

The hewed-log court-house and the Banta jail wer§ built in 1819-20. In that year (1820), Judge John Sample built the first frame house, a small oner story building, on lot No. 3, east front. He set it on the west line of the lot, some distance south of the northwest corner of the lot. It would seem from this account that there were (1820) seven buildings in Winchester (if the Judge has mentioned them all). , .

Mr. Smith goes on, "The next- frame house was in 1&24-25, by David Haworth. It was on inlot No. 10, northeast square, where Jacob Elzroth lived so long and where he died.

In 1826-27, Abner Overman built a frame house on the northeast corner of lot No. 2, east front. He sold it to John Way in the fall of 1829, who moved into it and started a blacksmith shop and lived there the rest of. hisdays. In 1823, Mrs. Mary Reeder bought inlot No. 2, west front, built a cabin and lived there some years. She then traded it off to Nathaniel Coffin for^nlot No. 12, southeast square. She (Mrs. Mary Reeder) was the "oldest inhabitant" of Winchester, in 1881, being at that time fifty-nkie years old. She was in the town seven years before I was, and ten years before Jesse Way. There were, I presume, other cabins and shanties put up in the town during this decade but I cannot now call them to mind.

Winchester would seem to have had an exceedingly slow growth, remarkaby so, considering it was the seat of justice of a county containing at the start 200 voters and increasing its population with considerable rapidity ; considering, moreover, that for ten years not another town was evien attempted within its limits.

Judge Smith appears to think that the dozen or so houses which he describes were nearly or quite all that had been built up to 1830. And information from several sources indicates that not more than a dozen farnilies were residents of the toAvnat the lapse of twelve years after the town had been platted. One jail and two court-houses had been .built. Court after court had been held ; jurors had heard cases in the court-house and determined their verdicts seated upon the stumps .and logs outside ; lawyers and judges and clients had threaded and waded and swam their way through the primal woods to -that frontier town ; but almost no town was there. But 'in those halcyon days small need was there of towns, people lived at home and made well-nigh everything they used, and had little occasion to buy anything which they could not make. The larger portion of the settlers had come from the Carolinas, where towns were "few and far .between," and what more need was here of such -things ?

It will be seen that up to 1830, Winchester as a town was not. much of a success. The business of the place was small,, the buildings were few and poor, the roads leading to it were new and bad, the people needed but little trade, and all went thoroughly on the slow order. The court sat and did whatever there was for them ; Charles Conway, as clerk and recorder, had all the county writing to do, which was not as much for the whole eleven years as has been since recorded in a single year. County offices were at a discount then. The sheriff could not, have done much, though he was collector and sheriff both,.. as the county tax for 1829 amounted to a stun less than $900. jurymen came and returned without any bills to find or cases to try, and were paid the magnificent sum of fifty cents per day [ and the associate judges maintained their dignity and satisfied their desires for food and lodging to the tune of two dollars per day.

First Things In Winchester

The first hatter's shop in Winchester (and probably in the county) was by Jarties Oldham, in the building erected by James McCool for a hotel. Mr. Oldham kept a hatter's shop and hotel. The first hotel was in the same buildmg, by James McCool, in 18 19, where the Peoples Loan and Trust building now stands. The first store was owned by Esquire Odle. It was not much of a store. The old house was burned in 1879. The first frame house (and probably first in the county) was built by John Sample, in 1820, upon Lot No. 3, East Front. There are doubtless more costly and splendid frame dwellings in Randolph county in 1914 than that was, but not one today which gave more solid comfort to the occupant than that same frame house, the first in Randolph county. John Way set up his smith shqp in 1829. There had probably ..been, some other, but the fact is novv beyond recall. Jesse Way began his store in 1832 or 1833. Mary Reeder came to Winchester in 1823, residing upon Lot No. 2, West Front, and removing afterward to Inlot No. 12, southeast square. The court-house and jail were built in 1819 and 1826, the one by

Abner Overman, and the other by Albert Banta. The public square was cleared of the forest trees by the )laborious process of "chopping- and burning. The work was performed in -1819 or 1820 by Daii^id Lesley ,.t'hien aiyoung'Man,. just come to the county, father of Daniel' Lesley,) former sckoolisupfiriMendent of Randolph county. The second court house (brick) was contractediio; 1826 ahd ready for occupancy in 1828. The first schoolhouse .was built: of logs,, with the ends projecting at the corners. It stood on groundiioccupied by the office of Dr. B. S. Hunt. Moorman Way had the first cabinet shop SErom after the establishment of the town. :M%Qritiah ^V^ay had : a. carding; roachimeivery early, run by horse-power (sometimes by ox-power). Daniel Petty also; had a carding -machine, east of town -on-Salt creek. It was driven !by-horsfi-po,wer, too. The first grist-mill in the county is thought by some to .have been: built >by William Wright, at the mouth of Salt creek, near Winchester... He, 'had "gray-heads" for mill stones, and his .wheat:^bolt was operated.-;hy hand, each customer bolting his own grist. The first justice of..the.peace may have been Esquire Odle, or John Wright - perhaps both at once in the township., Thonaas Hanna began selling goods, perhaps in 1824. His store was in a house at the west end of Thomas Ward's building. He continued in business four, years, and was bought out by Andrew Aker in 18281 The first. steam grist-mill (and the first in the county) was erected about 1835, byElias Kizer andi Daniel; Ha worth. That engine of theirs was the first steam-po.wer in the county, and in those days it was a sight to behold. : Probably the first wagon shop in Winchester, and in the county, was carried on by Thomas Butterworth, beginriing, perhaps, in 1836. Mr. Butterwarth had also a saw-mill, a carding machine and a grist-mill. The first religious denomination in Winchester was perhaps the Methodists. The first drug store was conducted by Dr. Woody, amd' was followed by "Rush '& Kizer,- in 1849. The first hardware store was- kept by- Mr. Briimer. AmOng the- early attorneys may be named Zachariah Puckett, Jeremiah Smith, Moorman Way and Silas Colgrove. The county seminary was opened for school March, 1842, under the instruction of Professor Ferris, then a young but active and enthusiastic t-eacher, famous-' for his -success in that line, but how sleeping lowbeneath the "clods of the valley." Winchester was incorporated as a town in 1838, thirty-eight voters favoring the measures, and none oppdsing it. - >:

The citizens of Winchester were for the most part genial, reliable men, but slow to make investments' for the betterment of the town. ' The growth of Winchester was exceedingly slow until about 1845, when the. prospects of railroads began to enthuse the people and attracted prospective purchasers of property. Business began to improve and new houses were built, streets: were made better and the entire attitude of its citizenship became more progressive. In 1853 the "Biee Line" railroad was built, Which gave new interest and life.

The town gradually grew in size and importance, aftd has 'at all times been the leading town and city of the county. Having, in 1910, a, population of 4,266.* It' was incorporated as a town in 1838 by popular Vote, thirtyeight votes being- ca:st in favor and none against. It was divided into five wards, 'vizi: First ward, northeast square, Elias Kizer, trustee;' second' ward, north front and -northwest square, Nathan Garrett ; third vfard, west front and- southwest square, Jererriiah Smith; fourth ward, south front and southeast square, John D. Stewart ; fifth ward, east front, Jesse Way.

- In 1848 a special bill was passed by the Legislature authorizing and providing for a new organization in the town of Winchester. The local records, however, are not obtainable. September 5, 1875, Thomas Ward; William D. Frazee and Thomas M. Browne, "the inspectors elected by the citizens of Winchester," appeared before the board of county commissioners and filed their certificate of an, election held in the town of Winchester. The commissioners made the following entry : "From which return and papers it appears to the satisfaction of the board that there were sixty-five votes cast at said election .and that sixty-one of said ballots had 'yes' thereon and three of said ballots had 'rio' thereon and that one of said ballots wais blank, and the board being satisfied of the legality of said election, order and declare that the said town has been incorporated by the name of Winchester." The first record in the city clerk's office is under the date of October 6, 1855. The trustees elected were Silas Colgrove, James Browne, William W. Smith, Simeon H. Lucas, Martin A. Reeder ; John Neff , clerk and treasurer ; Benjamin Ramsey, assessor and marshal ; James Browne, president of the board.

March 27, 1893, an election was held for the purpose of determining whether the town of Winchester should be incorporated as a' city, under the general laws of the state of Indiana, and a majority of the ballots were in favor of incorporating.

On April I St the town council divided the new city of Winchester into three wards and ordered an election to be held in each, whereupon the following were elected: W.S. Diggs, mayor; WilHam P. Needham-, city- clerk; John Coffin, city marshal; Union B. Hunt, William Y. Puckett, councilmen of the first ward ; Levi Slagle and Marshall F. Bailey, councilmen of the second ward ; Omar Ri Tripp and Stephen Clevenger, councilmen of the' third ward ; S. D. Coats, treasurer. Councilmen met and organized and elected : J. E. Hinshaw, street commissioner; Charles C. Yunker, civil engineer; Dr. F. A. Chenoweth, member of the' board of health; Jesse Canada, city attorney.

Mr. Diggs served as mayor until September 10, 1898, when he was succeeded by T. W. Hutchens. Mr. Hutchens was succeeded by Fermen C. Focht, in September, 1904, and he by ^^^alter S. Parry, September, 1906, followed by Carl Thompson, the first Monday in Januay, 1910, who was followed by the present incumbent, H. E. McXees, January i, 1914.

Mr. Needham served as clerk until September 10, 1898, when he was succeeded by Samuel D. Fox, who still holds the office. Mr. Coats continued as treasurer until the office was transferred by law to the county treasurer.

The city has been districted into wards in different manners during its history, at some times having six councilmen, two from each ward, and others ha^'ing five, one from each ward and two at-large.

The councilmen from the first ward have been : William D. Chapman, \\^illiam Y. Puckett, Perry Lea\'ell, Harvey E. McXees, Jacob E. Hinshaw, Link Reinheimer, James M. Browne, Clyde G. Hiatt and Bella N. Botkin. Those having lived in the second ward are : Marshall F. Bailey, Levi Slagle, Samuel T. Remmel, Louis Payne, Charles E. Magee, Robert B. Puckett, James M. Seagra\'es, Zachariah T. Romizer, Albert Xorton, Austin Burk, deceased April 16, 191 3, Edgar Bailey and Henry Abel. Those having lived in the third ward are : Omar Tripp, Stephen Clevenger, William Lenkensdorfer, Hiram D. Moorman, J. H. Kinkead, Bader S. Hunt, Orin H. Barnhill, ^^^illiam Horn, \\'. U. Davis, Russel Coats.

Present Business

^^'inchester at the present time has an excellent equipment of stores, such as groceries, drugs, harness, mercantile, millinery, tailoring, boots and shoes, etc., but a few that ha\-e begun in a small way and attained large proportions deserve special mention. C. W. ]Moore & Son, merchants. J\L L. Mills & Company, merchants, \\". E. Miller Company, merchants, comprise three of the best equipped general stores to be found in eastern Indiana.' The last two firms occupy their own building and ha\'e grown from smill establishments to mammoth ones. The W. E. Miller Company was at first \X. E. ]\Iiller, proprietor, who came from Ridgeville in 1880 and by strict application to busfness and catering to the tastes of the best class of customers became one of the leading stores in eastern Indiana. Mr. ]\Iiller organized the W. E. Miller Company, and has in a large measure retired from the active management of the affairs of the store.

The Goodrich Brothers Hay & Grain Company, with a capital stock of $100,000, was incorporated in 1898 and at this time owns eleven elevators and hay barns in Indiana, located at Winchester, Gaston, Farmland, Durbin, Snow Hill, Westfield, Jolietville, Gadsden, Chesterfield, Maiden and Boone Grove. This represents a valuation of $225,000.00. The plant at Winchester has a purifying plant capable of purifying 1,500 bushels per hour and a dryer with a capacity of 500 bushels per hour. The ccst of this plant alone was $100,000.00. In 1913 this firm shipped 968,802 bushels of grain, which with their other business represented a value of $1,000,000.00. They expect in 1914 to handle 1,250,000 bushels of grain. . Their plant has a storage capacity of 225,000 bushels. In 1913 they shipped 800 cars at a cost of over $25,000.00. This company is composed of J. B. Goodrich, president ; W. W. Goodrich, vice-president, P E. Goodrich, secretary-treasurer, J. P Goodrich and E. S. Goodrich. This company is the third largest to be found in the state of Indiana.

Another institution Avorthy of special mention is the Woodbury Glass Company. It is one of the largest institutions of its kind in eastern Indiana and the only Company of this kind doing business in Randolph county. This company was incorporated in 1893 as "The Woodbury Glass Company," located at Parker. The capital stock at that time was $10,000.00. The directors were: President, J. T. Wilcox; secretary, George Gadbury; superintendent, John D. Carter. This company was only fairly successful and not being able to meet its obligations promptly, stock was sold to Charles Dotson, J. W. Thompson and Albert Canfield, of Winchester. The new firm interested George E. Leggett, who was induced to take stock. Mr. Leggett was made secretary of the company in October, 1893, and in January, 1894, was elected president, which position he has continued to hold until the present time. Mr. Leggett also served as treasurer for a number of years, but the duties of the president became too heavy and he was relieved from the duties of treasurer. This company purchased the Davis glass plant in Winchester in the spring of 1904. The factory at Parker was moved to Winchester and the company reorganized with a capital stock of $275,000.00; $200,000.00 common stock and $75,000.00 preferred stock. The changes in the bottle business made it necessary for this company to add to its bottle factory a factory for the manufacturing of skeleton cases and special packages. At this time they have one of the best equipped factories to be found in the country. This factory has a capacity of 6,000 boxes daily. These two enterprises jointly give employment to 600 men. This factory has been the greatest factor in the business life of Winchester. One can readily see the importance of this when it is known that this company expends for labor over $300,000.00 per year. During the past year their output was 230,000, gross of bottles, representing a value of approximately $520,000.00. During 1913, 591 full cars of Avare and 2,873 local orders, or lots less than a car load, were shipped. This factory, togethei- with the Goodrich Brothers Hay & Grain Association, and other enterprises have made the Winchester freight office on the Big Four railway, the best paying office between Bellefontaine and Indianapolis. The officers of this company at present are : George E. Leggett, president ; W. E. Miller, vice-president; L. M. Kimmel, secretary; J. C. Leggett, treasurer; M. L. Somers, superintendent.

Some of the important factories that have existed in AVinchester and are now removed are : W^inchester Wagon Works, Gardiner & Horan Carriage Works, Knecht & Thomas Pump Works, A. G. Canfield Mills; Charles Guthiel Tannery; Winchester Manufacturing Company, organized October 31, 1881, capital stock, $25,000.00; John D. Carter Woolen Mills; W. V. R. Tooker Windmill Factory and Winchester Handle Factory.

Fire Department

The Winchester fire department is a "volunteer" department, more properly speaking, is part public and part volunteer. This company is housed in the City Building which was built in 1902, on the south side of Franklin street between Meridian and West streets. The company was organized upon the completion of this building with David Martin chief and Will Kizer assistant. Mr. Martin served for more than one year as chief and was a very efficient officer. He was succeeded by Guy Way, whose work has been so satisfactory he has been kept in constant service to the present time. Mr. Kizer served as assistant until 1907 when he was succeeded by E. P. Fulghum who still occupies that position. The employed fireman at present is Will Draher. The city keeps these three men employed. In addition to the services of these three on duty there are ten volunteer firemen whose duty it is to attend all fires when notified. A fire bell is the only necessary notification as they "drop everything and go." The volunteer men at present are: John W. Guenther, C. L. Summers, Walter Baker, C. O. Summers, C. H. Lennon, Kora Davis. Orville Ashton; Max Romizer, W.^S. Daly and Troy Lasley.

The equipment of the service is first-class in every particular, and consists of hose wagon, one reel, 2,200 feet of hose and six nozzles, one one-horse ladder wagon, four chemical cans and one Pyrene filler, a special apparatus to be used in case of gasoline explosion. The department has three well-trained horses in addition to the-above. The average time required to leave the depa'rtment after a call has been sent in is thirty-one seconds, which certainly speaks well for the efficiency of the fire chief and his helpers. The city is equipped with sixty-seven fire plugs situated in various parts of the city. During the year 191 3 twenty-nine calls were answered.

Winchester has no enterprise of greater value to it than its fire department. The members of this company belong to the Eastern Indiana Volunteer Association. Messrs. C. O. Summers and John W. Guenther, of the Winchester company have served as president of this association. The companies of the county belonging to this association are, Winchester, Woodbury, Union City, Farmland, and Parker. Winchester entertained this association in their annual meeting of 191 1.

Citizens Water & Light Company, Winchester

This company was organized in 1899 with a capital stock of $50,000.00, for the purpose of furnishing water and light to Winchester and the citizens of Winchester. This company was maintained as such until September, 19 12, when it was reorganized with a capital stock of $400,000.00, under the name of the Citizens Heat, Light & Power Company. The purpose of this company is to furnish water and light to Winchester and its citizens, but has, since its organization, constructed lines to furnish light to Farmland, Lynn, Ridgeville and Saratoga. Since the reorganization of the company the plant has been completely renewed. The gas and steam engines have been displaced by two Diessel oil engines known as the Internal Combustion Oil Engine. These are of 225 horse power each, sufficient to furnish any strain that might be put upon them with a plant of this size. The water pressure is maintained at forty-five pounds except in case of fire when a pressure of seventy-five pounds is maintained. The water is furnished from deep wells drilled into limestone or gravel. This water is analyzed by the state department at various times of the year and has always been found to be chemically pure. The directors of this company at the present time are : J. T. Moorman, president ; C. W. Moorman, vice-president; E. S. Goodrich, secretary-treasurer; George E. Leggett, W. E. Miller and E. F. Kitselman.

Gen. Browne Winchester, member of Congress from the Sixth District, was born at New Paris, Preble county, Ohio, April 19, 1829. His father, John A. Browne, was a native of Bucks county, Pennsylvania ; his mother, Hannah (Mauzy) Browne, of Bourbon county, Kentucky. His mother died in 1843, which calamity broke up the family circle. His father apprenticed young Thomas M. to Mr. Ralph M. Pomeroy, a merchant of Spartanburg, Randolph county, Indiana, soon after which he removed to Grant county, Kentucky, where he died in 1865. Influenced by the excellent character of his employer, Thomas M. rapidly gained a knowledge of business and formed correct habits. His opportunities for gaining a liberal education were very meager, being confined to a few weeks each year in the common schools of Spartanburg and one term in the county seminary at Winchester. In- 1848, he began the study of law with Hon. William A. Peelle, of Winchester, and in 1849 passed an examination in open court and was admitted to practice in the inferior courts of the state; two years later he was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of Indiana. On March 18, 1849, ^^ married Miss Mary J. Austin, of New Paris, Ohio. In 1850, when but twenty years of age, he was elected prosecuting attorney for Randolph county and after the adoption of the present constitution, he was three times elected prosecuting attorney for the 13th Judicial District, discharging the duties of that ofhce with marked ability and success until 1861. In August of that year, he made one of the most powerful speeches of his life on the "Crisis of the Country," in which many of his enthusiastic declarations seem now to have been prophetic. He was elected Chief Clerk of the State Senate at its session in 1861, and in the spring of 1862 he entered the United .States service as aide-de-camp on the staff of Gen. Thomas J. Wood, and served with that officer until after the battle of Shiloh. During the siege of Corinth, he was stricken with disease and returned home and only recovered after several months of great suffering. In October, 1862, he was elected senator for Randolph county and took a leading part in the debates of the stormy session of 1863, ranking as an able Republican leader. At the close of the session, he resigned the senatorship and assisted in recruiting the Seventh Indiana Cavalry (119th Regiment Volunteers), and was commissioned captain of Company B, but before leaving the state for active service was promoted to lieutenant-colonel of the regiment. He was soon promoted to the colonelcy of his regiment, and received the rank of brigadier-general by brevet "for gallant and meritorious conduct" from the hand of President Lincoln. In October, 1864, on account of his well-known legal attainments, he was chosen president of a military commission to convene at Memphis, for the trial of such causes as might arise in that department. The most important case that came before this tribunal was the trial of the famous guerrilla, Dick Davis. This trial lasted thirty-five days and ended in the comiction and execution of the culprit. In January, 1865, General Browne again took the field, and remained in active service until the final close of the war and the mustering out of his regiment. During the winter of 1865-66, he was in command of the troops at Sherman, in the department of Northern Texas, where his wise yet firm administration won golden opinions from men of all parties and he left behind him upon his return home many warm friends in that part of the "Lone Star State."

After he was mustered out of service, he resumed the practice of his profession at Winchester, Indiana, but was shortly after appointed by the President, United States District Attorney for the District of Indiana, the duties of which office he discharged with distinguished ability and success until his resignation in 1872. In 1872, the Republican party nominated General Browne for governor of Indiana. His popularity with his party being demonstrated by his distancing such distinguished competitors as Godlove S. Orth and Gen. Benjamin Harrison. It was indeed a proud triumph for the lonely orphan who had been left among strangers without money or friends at the age of thirteen, when that great convention called him to the front and placed in his hands the battle-scarred banner of union and liberty.

He made a most gallant campaign, but was defeated by Hon. Thomas A._ Hendricks, who carried the state by a very small majority. After the campaign of 1872, he formed a co-partnership with Hon. Jonathan W. Gordon and Judge Robert N. Lamb, of Indianapolis, under the style of Gordon, Browne & Lamb. They commanded an immense business continuing until 1876, when General Browne was elected to Congress by a majority of over fifteen hundred, in the then Fifth Indiana District, defeating that veteran Democrat, Hon. William S. Holman, who had served six terms, and carried his district at the preceding election by more than twenty-five hundred majority. General Browne was re-elected in 1878, maintaining his majority over the same gentleman and was again re-elect6d in 1886, carrying the Sixth District by about ten thousand majority. Upon entering Congress, he at once took rank as an able and discreet member.

John H. Cottom was born June 4, 1788, at Snow Hill, Maryland. His father moved to Kentucky when he was a lad of eight or ten years. John H. Cottom married in Kentucky, and moved to New Paris, Ohio, in 1812. They had four children, viz. : David J., Thomas F., John W., and James Samuel. John H. Cottom came to Winchester in 1843. He moved to Illinois with his son David, in 1856. He returned to Ohio and died near Cincinnati, at the home of his son, John Wesley, in 1875, aged eighty-seven years. David and John W., sons of John H. Cottom, came "to Winchester in 1843, and entered into partnership as merchants. From 1843 to 1856 they did an im- (66) mense amount of business - more than e\-er had been done before that time, and some think their business A\as greater than that of any mercantile firm even since that time. They were enterprising men, enthsiastic in business and wide-awake in whatever they undertook and were respected and useful members of society.

John D. Carter was born March 17, 1829, in Delaware county, Indiana. His father, Edmund D. Carter, emigrated from Maryland to Indiana at a very early date. He removed with his family to Ohio in 1829, soon after the birth of his son and in 1832, removed to Madison county, Indiana. In 1835 he again located in Delaware county, returning to Madison county a few years later. In 1838, he came to Randolph county, locating in Stoney creek township, and removed to Winchester in 1840.

Armsbee Diggs was among the earliest pioneers of Randolph county, and for many years one of its most active, and reliable citizens. He came here in the prime of a vigorous manhood and for more than a half century was identified with the development of the county, bearing his full share in pioneer hardships and contributing liberally to the encouragement of public improvement inaugurated in later yeai^s. He was born in 1795, in Anson county. North Carolina. About the year 1816, he married Mary Way, and in the winter of 1816-17, started with his young wife for the wilds of Indiana, reaching Randoph county in February, 181 7, and locating on the banks of White River. Here he addressed himself to the task of clearing and improving a farm, and although he was a successful and energetic farmer, he was an enthusiastic hunter and fond of the chase. In December, 18 17, his eldest son, Henry, was born. The latter was one of the first white children bom on \^'^hite river in this county, his only seniors being Fanny, daughter of William Diggs, and Lydia Wright. In the years that ensued, eleven other children were added to the family of Mr. Diggs. Mr. Diggs entered a tract of one hundred and seventy-nine acres from which he developed his farm. For the purpose of purchasing this tract he went on horseback to the land office at Cincinnati, with just enough money to pay for a quarter section; but upon his arrival he learned that the tract "overran," and it would be necessary for him to purchase the entire amount. He did not possess the requisite amount of money and had it not been for the kindness of a young man in the land office, he would have been compelled to return without a title to the land on which he had erected his cabin and where his family then resided. About the year 1850, he erected a saw mill and grist mill on AA'hite river, and for ten years or more was engaged in this enterprise, from which he derived a fair profit. He died in March, 1872, having lived to see the pioneer settlement develop into a populous

Henry H. Neff was a prominent citizen and active business man of Winchester and one of the most energetic workers in its public enterprise?. He was born Jtme 5, 181 5, near Eaton, Preble county, Ohio. His father, John Neff, Sr., was a native of Pennsylvania, and the descendant of German ancestors. His mother, whose maiden name was Susanna Gray, was a native of Virginia. Henry remained at home until seventeen years of age, acquiring at the common schools a good English education. In the fall of 1832, he went to Eaton, in company with his brother John, to learn the printer's trade, under the instruction of Dr. F. A. Gunningham and John Vanausdal, Esq., remaining until the spring of 1834. He was subsequently employed in the office of the Herald at Liberty, Union county, Indiana. While at the latter place, his health failed and he was taken home by his father to Winchester, Indiana. He remained at home until his health was restored and in July, 1836, accepted an engagement with Thomas Tigar, editor of the Fort Wayne (Indiana) Sentinel, remaining in his employ for eighteen months. In 1838, he returned to Winchester, Indiana, and engaged in the retail grocery trade. In the following year, he embarked in the drug trade with Dr. Robert Woody, at Winchester, and continued in this business for four years. On October 22, 1843, he issued the first number of the Winchester Patriot, the first newspaper ever published in Randolph county. He was elected representative from this county in the State Legislature in 1847. At the expiration of his official term, however, he pvirchased the paper from its new proprietors and resumed its management. In 1850, he received the appointment of deputy United States marshal, to take the census of Randolph county. In 1852, he was elected clerk of the Circuit Gourt for Randolph county, and at that time made a final sale of the Patriot office. In 1856, by the unanimous voice of the convention, he was again the candidate for this office and was elected by a majority of nine hundred. He was urged by Governor Morton to assist in raising a regiment for the United States service for the suppression of the rebellion. He entered enthusiastically into this work and was commissioned Captain of Company G, of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Indiana Regiment. The organization of the regiment was completed at Indianapolis and Captain Neff was promoted to the office of major. The regiment was assigned to the Twenty-third Army Corps, under General Schofield, leaving Indianapolis in March, 1864, and proceeding to Nashville. They were engaged in the battle of Wise's Fork, near Kingston, North Carolina, from the 8th to the loth of March, 1865. At this battle, Colonel Neff was bereaved of his son. Captain

J. L. Neff, who fell in the conflict, pierced by an enemy's bullet. He was conveyed to his home by his father and interred in the cemetery at Winchester, amid the tears and sympathy of the community among whom he had been reared and who knew him as a noble young man. His father had been comrnissioned Lieutenant-Colonel and after the funeral of the son, returned to perform his duty as a soldier. Mr. Neff engaged in the lumber business and was later chosen president of the Winchester Wagon Works Company. Winchester has had but few men of such great public spirit.

Martin A. Reeder was born in 1819, in Warren county, Ohio, and came to Randolph county, Indiana, in 1822, with his grandfather, John Martin. He was associated with the county in its pioneer period and kept pace with its progress, at the same time rising to prominence as a citizen. He was called upon to fill various local offices in early times, as well as in recent years, and in all capacities proved himself capable, efficient and trustworthy. He served as county assessor two terms, as county appraiser two terms, as township assessor two terms and three terms as township trustee. In 1875, he was elected by the Republicans as the representative from this county in the State Legislature, and in this capacity rendered valuable service. Among the bills introduced by him were the charter under which Union City now exists ; the act prohibiting the sale of ammunition to minors ; the exemption of the property of widows; the bill for the suppression of the liquor traffic, and the punishment of intoxication; and a bill providing for local option. In his early life he formed ideas antagonistic to the institution of slavery, and in his maturer years became one of the prominent Abolitionists of this community, co-operating with Daniel Worth, Dr. Hiram P. Bennett, Paul W Way, and others in this region who engineered and operated the '"Underground Railroad," and other agencies of a similar character and spent both time and money in the furtherance of these and other benevolent enterprises. He was married, in 1843, to Miss Elizabeth Favorite, daughter of Henry Favorite, of Maryland.

Asahel, son of Ezra Stone, was born June 29, 181 7, near Marietta, Washington county, Ohio, removing with his parents to Aurora, Indiana, in 1818, and to Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1822. On the 23d of September, 1837, he was united in marriage with Miss Lydia B. Preston, at Finneytown, near Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1839, however, he came to Winchester and until the outbreak of the late rebellion, was engaged at the carpenter trade. On the 29th of May, 1861, he was appointed by Governor Morton as commissary general for the State of Indiana, and, on the 15th of October, 1862, was appointed quartermaster-general. In his official capacity he proved himself a superior man.

In the work of looking after the interests of the soldiers, securing and forwarding supplies, providing sanitary stores, nurses and medical attention for the sick and wounded, and in the discharge of all the varied and arduous duties of his position, he was zealous, patriotic and self-sacrificing. He rendered valuable service to the cause and great reliance was placed in his judgment and discretion by Governor Morton, who frequently commended him in his annual messages to the Legislature. His field of labor was varied and extensive, requiring executive ability of a high order which he developed in a marked degree. In his message of January 6, 1865, Governor Morton said : "The report of the quartermaster and commissary general is herewith laid before you, and your attention is especially called to its contents. The administration of this department by General Stone has been highly successful and satisfactory." After the close of the war, he returned to the farm in Randolph county, and for a while was engaged in agricultural pursuits. In 1865, however, he became identified with the banking interests of Winchester, an account of which is given elsewhere. In 1847, when only thirty years old, he was nominated by the Whig party of this county for the Indiana House of Representatives and elected in the fall of that year. In 1848, he was nominated as a member of the Constitutional Convention and was only defeated by four votes. In i860 he was elected to the Indiana Senate. The war and his connection with it here interrupted his public life, but after the restoration of peace he again became the standard-bearer of his party at the earnest solicitation of friends, and, in 1867, was again elected as the representative from this county in the General Assembly of Indiana. In November, 1881, he was elected secretary, treasurer and general managerof the Winchester Wagon Works. In the spring of t88o, he purchased and donated to the town of Winchester forty acres of land for a public cemetery. He purchased the ground at a cost of $4,000, and had it surveyed and platted at an additional expense of $300, and on the ist day of March, 1880, secured it to its purpose by a deed, signed by himself and his worthy wife, conveying the premises in trust forever to a Board of Control, to be used for the purpose designated. On the 3d day of July, 1880, a pubhc dedication was held, at which very appropriate ceremonies were held, and addresses delivered by prominent citizens of Winchester and others from abroad, and the park named "Fountain Park Cemetery."

Mr. Thomas Ward was reared in a pioneer settlement and his early life was passed like that of all boys who have' been similarly situated. His advantages were limited, but his father's house was the resort of travelers, many of whom were very intelligent men and took pleasure in imparting a portion of their knowledge to the boy, who always evinced an inquiring disposition and learned readily. At an early age, he began trading with his neighbors and nearly all his transactions redounded to his success, so that, when twenty-one years of age, he had accumulated six hundred acres of land. His first earnings were made by "deadening" timber for new purchasers. He would take the contract for "deadening" the timber on these lands and after sub-letting it, usually had a profit left for hir^elf. He never retrograded in his financial standing; the property which he had accumulated during the years of his minority stimulated him to greater achievements, and in the years which followed he found his prospects brightening and his prosperity increasing. In 1840, he was married, and in 1841 removed to a tract of land near Ridgeville, from which he developed a good farm. This farm was cleared and improved by himself, and after cultivating it for four years, he removed to Winchester and embarked in mercantile pursuits at this point. He was thus engaged until 1870, carrying a general stock for a part of the time, and later in the hardware trade exclusively, while at another time he was the proprietor of a harness shop. He was one of the first friends of the Cincinnati, Richmond & Fort Wayne railroad, and was one of the Board of Directors. He had invested $35,000 in stock, but it was found that the company would be unable to complete the road to Fort Wayne. Upon this discovery, the directors sold the road to another company and by the change he lost all he had invested, except about $3,100. In 1865, he became one of the company who organized the First National Bank of Winchester, and served as its president until 1868. In 1864, he was elected to the Indiana Senate and at once arose to a position of prominence and honor, serving on important committees. He voted for the ratification of the Thirteentfi and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution of the United States and introduced a bill to admit the testimony of colored witnesses in cases where white litigants were involved. He also introduced a bill to make the sale of liquor a penal offense and served as chairman of the Committee on Corporations. The bill to compel railroad corporations to furnish transportation and equalize freights was also introdviced by him. He served his constituency well and retired from his official position with the good will of all good people. By his industry and good management, Mr. M^ard accumulated a fortune and was regarded as one of the wealthiest citizens of Winchester. Yet his ample fortune did not change his kindly nature and among those who knew him best he was esteemed as a kind and amiable friend. He was married four times: first, in 1840, to Sarah Ellen Tharp, who died in i'852. He was married to Jane Swayne, of Richmond, Indiana, in

1854. She died in 1865, leaving three children. His third wife was Susan Lykins, who died in 1873, leaving two children. In April, 1876, he wds united in marriage with Laurinda, daughter of Isaiah Osborn, Esq. By this union, they were the parents of one child.

Other citizens who were factors in the making of Winchester and who are not mentioned in sketches of this book are : Jesse J. Bates, miller ; Edward Bates, miller; James S. Cottom, business; Levi D. Carter, woolen factory;

A. G. Campfield, contractor; Patrick H. Dean, photographer; W^m. Fitzmaurice, machinist ; David Fudge, furniture dealer ; Charles Gutheil, tanner ; Michael Gaffy, John H. Gill, manufacturers ; Jonathan S. Hiatt, hotel keeper ; Calvin Irvin, jeweler; Thomas Klinck, Jr., wagon maker; John K. Martin, brick and tile manufacturer; Elisha, Martin, brick manufacturer; John Neff, grocer; Phineas Pomeroy, surveyor; Alfred Rossman, saddler; Washington

B. Snedaker, photographer; John L. Stakebake, manufacturer; Ira Tripp, merchant; Richmond Thornburg, tailor; Charles W. Woolverton, boot and shoe dealer; John Dye Smith, merchant.

Source changes here: from List of Residents of Franklin, Green, Greensfork, Jackson, Monroe, Nettle Creek, Stony Creek, Ward, Washington, Wayne, West River and White River Townships, Randolph County, Indiana, published 1920; 693 words in this source stream.

Phone 139

81 Ind tel. Brasey, Christophkr C. (w ARnes ,Mi Ilernlce) farmer O 80a T 80a Ch 5c J;:; Modoc 55 Ind tel. Brlcht, Everetit (w Oulda ch Payiliiv. r.ncile, Carl, Robert, Charles) farmrr o lOa

Our Specialties Union City, Indiana

T 132a Ch 2c R2 Modoc 50 Ind tel. Lester. Henry (w Cora ch Florence. DelnrU. Ruth, Homer, Herman) farmer T 20Sa 6h Oc R.? Modoc 51. Lewis, Ccd (w Nettie ch Chas., Anlce, Harre.v) farmer O 26a 5h 3c R2 Farmland 9 Ind tel. LiNDSET, CnAS. E. farmer T 83a 2h 1(2

O 125a Ih 5c R2 Farmlnnci 4 Iii^l lei. Miller, Trank (w Addle ch E.^ Henry, Marguerate) fan R3 Modoc 83 Ind tel. Miller, Harrv (w Edna) farmer O 110a

Service Guaranteed

Ind tel. BBAoa, P. A. (w Margaret ch Neva, Charlotte, Gladys, Edcar, Guyneta) farmer O 40a 3h 3c R4 Winchester 90 Inrt M. Briner, Lee (w Bertha ch Mntlonna. Glenrta) farmer O 93a 3h 9c RO Winehister 1.^3 Ind tel. Brinltly, A. (w Minnie) farmer O 100a 2h

2c U7 Winchester 102 Ind tel. Bkodrick, .T. E. (w EfBe ch Ernest, Chester. Wilbur, Ueba) farmer T 83a Ih U3 Winchester 143 Ind tel. Brown, .John W. (w Isadora ch Orvll T., Georce, Dorothy) farmer T 120a 7h 14c ns Winchester 144 Ind tel. Brown. J. A. (w Emma) farmer T 30a 3h

2c R5 Winchester 69 Ind tel. Brown, Oua G. (w Mary E. ch Evertt, Mahle, James, Lester, Robert) farmer T 2a R7 Winchester 5. Brown, O. G. (w Ella ch Everett, Malile, James, Lester, Robert) farmer O 2a Ih R7 Winchester 172 Ind tel. Brown. William (w Mollle ch Chester, Ralph, Everett) farminj: T 100a 4h 4c Rl Winchester 54 Ind tcl. Browne, Frank M, (w Nellie ch Fran-is, Donald) farmer O 80a 3h 10c K3 Winchester 144 Ind tel. Brumfleld, William (w Mattie) farmer O

80a 3h 6e R3 Winchester 138 Ind tel. Brumley, Clate (w Mary ch Cleo. Irene. Everet) farmer T 100a 6h 3c Rli Winchester 68 Ind tel. Brumley, C. M. (w Elsie) farmer T 120a

7h lie R5 Winchester 79 Ind til. Bunsold, Carl (w Guruza ch Martha) fanner T 20a 2h Ic R4 Winchester 89 Ind icl. Burk, L. M. (w Ethel ch Wilm.i Ann)

T 33a 4h Ic R3 Farmland 161 Ind tcl. BUBKB. Mrs. Sallib (ch Mary, Enos. Hazel, Gladys, Evelyn) farmer 'O G2a Ih 4c R4 Winchester 80 Ind tcl. Burnworth, Mitchell (w Mary) f.irmer O

4h 2c Rl Winchester 20 Ind tel. Burton, Marshall (w Sarah ch Illanche, Colonel) farmer O 20a 111 Ic Rl Win- Chester 19 Ind tel. Bushaw, Harry (w Ida ch Mary, Geori;i') farmer T SOa 4h 7c Rl Winchester 23 Ind tel. Bdtlbb, Chas. C. (ch Elizabeth. Lnniso Virsinia) farmer T 66a 2h 2c R2 Larjuland 160 Ind tel. Butts, Macy E. (w Pearl ch Harold, Emerson) farmer 0 43a 4h 4c R3 Winchester 179 Ind tel. Byrum Dora B. (w Leona ch L.Twrenre, Ralph) farmer O lOOa 4h 6c K4 Winchester CO Ind tel. Cable .lohn farmer O SOa 3h 4c R2 Farmland 158 Ind tel. Campbell, John (w Milla) farmer 0 Sua 3h 8c n4 Winchester 41 Ind tel.

Let'S Settle The Self-Feeder

nrantee you that. vou never have to punch ihofnid VVhv? Uecauae we show you the r ipitjition tliat works the feed down. r ccU r 1 ilctmen nay you do not need any I n Whv7 Because we have our agita- \ I rtd l>y patent.

Wimchester, Indiana Winchester Euick Co

I. ,\rt fw tlnttle ch OIlie Mills, Ches- Mllls, Frod Mills, Gall Mills, Dor- . l'aI-\ ('live, Eva) farmer T 10a , \:r, \v; i,,.stor Ind tel.

Jarrett. H. L. (w Flora H. ch Lester, F,valine, .Tohn, Dorothv, Florence. Josephine, Joseph) farmer O noa 2h 5c KG Winchester ir)l>/2 Ind tel.

r,i>'A Ih ;tc' HO Winchester 170 Ind tel. Mri,i., ANDY (w Ciirrv ch Ralph) farnierlOi ['.h 4e 115 Wlu'heKter 71 Ind tel. MtiLJiv, Epgar (w Hazel eh Eli, Vance)

Iiili Its Established 1888

When you are looking for quality in musical instrunrients don't fai. to see the Ivers & Pond, Packard and Haddorff player-pianos and pianos. We also have the Grafonola, Victrola or the new Edison here for you to hear your favorite selection.

Source changes here: from The Hoosier Pioneer : the Yearbook of the Consolidated High Schools of Randolph County, Indiana, by Consolidated Schools of Randolph County, Indiana, published 1926; 1,064 words in this source stream.

And All Your Family

Send your subscriptions direct to The Curtis rublishins,- Company. 2SS Independence Square, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, or order through any authorized lepvesentative in your neig"hborhood.

A Warm Welcome

When the salesman had finished showing his ring samples to the Senior class, John M. innocently remarked: "You've got some nice relics, haven't you?"

Is A Part Of Every Transaction

Yuur good opinion is the most iniiioi-laiit part of our j;ood will - >'our friendshi confidence are wliat count, and that's what we strive for. Come in and see us. We want your patronage.

Undertaking

Little Myron Wall had watched a turtle for some time when he cried, "Mama, come and see this new bug. He swallows his head and puts his feet in his pockets!"

Roscoe Jackson, picking up a book of Caesar: "Oh. say, this Latin's easy Wish I'd kept on Look here (pointing to some of the passages). Forte dux in a ro - forty ducks in a row Passus sum iam - Pass us some jam Bone leges Caesaris - The bony >gs of Caesar Caesar sic dicat unde cur egessi lictum - Caesar sicked the the cat on the cur; I guess he licked him"

Get Acquainted Before The Need Comes

A BANKER is something like a doctor, he will do his best whenever you call on him, but; he can do a great deal better if you get acquainted with him when you are well, instead of waiting until you are sick.

Richmond, Indiana

1. To make possible an unhindered, untrammeled search after truth. This involves the use of the scientific method of approach in all departments of the college curriculiun. The scientific method might be described as the approach to problems without prejudice, without preconceived notions, without feeling that there is somehing that must be proved, but with an intense desire to find the truth, and the willingness to act upon it when found.

2. To create an atmosphere conducive to the developement of the highest personality, and eliminating all things that are a hindrance to this achievement. This means that the human personality is the thing of greatest value in the universe, and that every person is entitled to the profoundest respect for his personality and the best facilities possible for its normal development.

3. To provide the best possible opportunity to discover and. know God. The discovery of God being the greatest event possible to the human soul, and friendship with God being the greatest possible experience available to the human soul^ it follows that an institution of learning should make the best provision for this discovery and for this experience that wisdom can devise.

David M. Edwards Illustration

.%25.00 minimum first year, if totally and permanently disabled by accident and $1,600.00 every year thereafter, no further premiums to pay and no deductions from face of life policy to offset indemnity received under this clause.

ri25.00 minimum first year if totally and permanently disabled by sickness or disease, and $300,000 every year thereafter. No further premiums to pay and no deductions from face of life policy to offset indemnity received under this clause.

T. H. Warren & Bro

Timely repairs on your buildings will save you a lot of money. Bnildino's are too valuable to neji'lect. We are fflad to sell you one piece or a car load of lumber.

Modoc Lumber Co Modoc, Indiana

The boy or girl who goes through college with honors has an average earning capacity of $6,000.00 over the child who quits school in the grades.

By setting aside a small amount each year up to the time the child is ready for college, the Educational Policy matures and the necessary funds are available. Listen! Should the parent who applies for this policy die or become totally disabled at an.ytime after it is started, the payments 'will be waived.

Orthophonic

This can be done tlirougli (lie co-operation of the Superintendents and Principals of yonr .schools. Some in your county have taken advantage of our liberal offer - and we would be glad in future to serve you all.

W. W. Thornburg C. H. Jellison

We have a Complete Stock of Lumber and All Other Building Material to supply your building needs. Glad to figure with you any time. We sell Long-Bell Crcosoted Yellow Pine Fence Posts.

Your Money

A National Bank is operated under the National Banking Act. This law places it inider the snpervision of the Treasur_v Department of the United States Government. A rigid examination of the bank's affairs is made several times every year in the interest of its dejiositors. Do YOFK hanking with T\S.

W. G. Wilson Ix Its 50Th Ykar

An Indiana Standard Normal School. The Economical Training School. Almost 500 students have attended from Randolph County. A large, modern gymnasium. Catalogue Free.

Lynn, Indiana

Offers young men and women a high grade liberal arts education under a scholarly Faculty, with Splendidly Equipped Library and Laboratories in Beautiful and Heallthful Surroundings, and with Wholesome Associations at Unusually Moderate Costs.

Tractors And Threshers

Farm Machinery and Implements, t anions Red Star Oil Stoves, Fencing, Fertilizers and Paints Repairs for All Makes of Farm Machinery TRACTORS AND THRESHERS

State Manager

Expresst'.s his li'ratitiKk' t'oi- the kindness shown him l)y tlie tesicheis of KAXDOLPH COUNTY. His company stands ready at all times to i)rovide an inrome for them when thev are disabled.

Houck & Smenner

We offer a Bank large enough to inspire the confidence of our customers, but not too large to give every consideration to the interest of evei'y customer. Backed by men and women of strong integrity and operated on a most conservative basis, we solicit and will appreciate a share of your business.

The Wellhouse

flY[¥^ Irtst piece of copy for the 1926 Hcosier Pioneer has gone to press. Contrary to general opinion the bock has not been made over night. Although a late start has necessitated a hurried completion, countless hours have been spent in preparation and planning. Staff members have worked faithfully at their assignments and have given most generously of their time and abilities. All efforts have been bent toward the success of this enterjjrise. The book has been without a precedent in Hoosierdom. and as a result we are cognizant of our mistakes. Imijrovements over this endeavor should come with experience, study and co-operation. Although the task of collecting and editing copy has been Herculean, joy has been found in its making. As we ch se the 1!>26 edition of The Hoosier Pioneer may words of appreciation go to. those who assisted so materially in its publication. First words go to the I5oard of Publication. The Stafford Engraving Company and The Winchester Publishing Comjjany. all ( f which gave splendid service and quality goods.