Dorr Township (part 6 of 6)

Initial Events

INITIAL EVENTS. Among the first events of their kind to occur in the territory just described, and not already noticed, were the following : Lucius C. Scott, son of Giles, who was born in the winter of 1830-31, and died three years later, was the first child born in the township. The first female child was Amanda, a daughter of Eber Sherwood, born in November, 1832. The first marriage was that of John B. Yeomans to Miss Aldrich, a daughter of Turner Aldrich, in the spring of 1831. The first bridge across the Kalamazoo was built at Pine Creek in 1835; the first at Otsego in 1836. Oka Town assisted to build both, also the one at Plainwell, and all were constructed with money contributed by the people, no taxes being levied. Samuel Town built the first framed dwelling at Pine Creek ; Dr. L. B. Coats the first at Otsego. Eber Sherwood sold the first goods in town at Pine Creek in 1832. Royal Sherwood and John L. Shearer were also early merchants there. Elisha Belcher, who settled soon after 1840, was the first resident attorney in the township. Samuel D. Foster carried the first mail in 1832, which was received once a week from Kalamazoo. After the Allegan ofiice was established he bought a team of horses and wagon, and made semi-weekly trips between Allegan and Kalamazoo, carrying the mails and passengers.

Civil And Political History Held In Allegan Coonty

Pursuant to an act of the Legislative Council approved March 29, 1833, the inhabitants of the township of Allegan,* according to previous notice, met at the house of Samuel Foster on Saturday, April 6, 1833, and organized by choosing Hull Sherwood moderator and Cyrenius Thompson clerk. By virtue of his oflBce as a justice of the peace of Michigan Territory, Samuel Foster became one of the board of inspectors, and administered the oath to other members of the board. This meeting resulted in the election of the following-named officers :

Charles Miles, Supervisor ; Cyrenius Thompson, Township Clerk ; Martin W. Rowe, Collector ; Eber Sherwood, Calvin C. White, D. A. Plummer, Assessors; Giles Scott, Calvin C. White, Overseers of thePoor ; Turner Aldrich, Jr., Norman Davis, Royal Sherwood, Highway Commissioners ; Charles Miles, Samuel Foster, Cyrenius Thompson, School Inspectors ; Martin W. Rowe, Constable ; Orjjmdo Weed, Eber Sherwood, U. Baker, Abijah Chichester, Overseer of Roads. The meeting then adjourned "to be convened again at ten o'clock a.m. on the first Monday of April next."

First General Election First Highways Surveyed

to a point on the "Base- Line 8 chains 67 links east of the northwest corner of section six, township one south, of range eleven west. Variation of magnetic needle, 5° B."

Road No. 2, in township No. 1 north, of range No. 12 west, was also surveyed by Mr. Vickery, July 4, 1833. It began 39 chains 50 links south of a quarter section post on the south side of section 21 :

" Thence south 39 chains 50 links to said quarter-post ; same course, 15 chains 50 links to Cotton's Brook ; south 46° 00' W. 30 chains to a stake near Aldrich's; south 14° 40' W. 45 chains to a point 5 chains 68 links east of the southwest corner of section 28 in said township."

During the months of February and March, 1834, Col. Isaac Barnes, of Gull Prairie, surveyed six highways in township 1 north, of range 11 west,_roads designated in the old records as number 5 to 10 inclusive.

On the first Monday in April, 1834, the people again assembled at the house of Samuel Foster for the purpose of electing township officers and the transaction of such business as might be deemed necessary. Charles Miles was chosen moderator. The meeting was then adjourned to the school-house. The officers elected at this meeting were Hull Sherwood, Supervisor ; John L. Shearer, Township Clerk; Almerin L. Cotton, Collector; Giles Scott, Eber Sherwood, Cyrenius Thompson, Assessors ; Orlando Weed, Samuel Foster, Giles Scott, Highway Commissioners ; Samuel Foster, Giles Scott, Cyrenius Thompson, School Commissioners; Ezekiel Metcalf, Norman Davis, Directors of the Poor; Orlando Weed, Calvin C. White, Giles Scott, Charles Miles, Fence- Viewers ; John H. Adams, Almerin L. Cotton, Martin W. Rowe, Constables.

"That $1.50 bounty shall be paid by the township for. each wolf scalp of the large kind, and $0.75 for every wolf scalp of the species commonly called Prairie Wolf, and for ev^ery whelp of the large kind the same amount."

At a special township-meeting held April 28, 1834, for the purpose of filling vacancies caused by the non-qualification of two or three elected to unimportant offices, it was -

TOWNSHIP ELECTION, 1835. Monday, April 6, 1835, the electors assembled for the purpose of holding their third and last township-meeting under territorial rule. They met " at the school-house near Eber Sherwood's." Charles Miles was chosen moderator, and the meeting resulted in the election of the following officers: Hull Sherwood, Jr., Supervisor; John L. Shearer, Township Clerk; Almerin L. Cotton, Collector; Friend Ives, Eber Sherwood, Oka Town, Assessors ; Abijah Chichester, Almerin L. Cotton, Silas Dunham, Highway Commissioners ; Alexander L. Ely, School Commissioner ; Martin W. Rowe, Dan Arnold, Directors of the Poor ; Almerin L. Cotton, John H. Adams, William G. Butler, Benjamin Plummer, Constables.

1835, no further action seems to have been taken by the authorities of Allegan township other than already noted. It was divided in March, 1836, and the townships of Plainfield, Otsego, Allegan, and Newark formed in its stead.

" All that portion of the County of Allegan designated by the United States survey as townships number one, two, three, and four north, of range number twelve west, be and the same is hereby set off and organized into a separate township by the name of Otsego, and the first township-meeting therein shall be held at the schoolhouse in said township on the first Monday in April next."

FIRST TOWNSHIP-MEETING. In accordance with the provisions of the foregoing act, the electors convened at the school-house on Monday, April 4, 1836. On motion of Oka Town, Esq., the meetin" was adjourned to the dwelling-house of Eber Sherwood, where the following officers were chosen : Hull Sherwood, Jr., Supervisor; L. B. Coats, Township Clerk; Gilbert Higgins, L. B. Coats, Samuel Foster, Assessors ; Samuel E. Town, Collector j John Weare, Norman Davis, Samuel Foster, Highway Commissioners; Charles Miles, Isaac Fisher, L. B. Coats, School Commissioners; Abijah Chichester, Almerin L. Cotton, Directors of the Poor; Samuel

It was further voted that the overseers of highways be fence-viewers and pound-master. The meeting was then adjourned for one year to the house of Samuel E. Town.

On the 11th of April,- 1836, it was discovered that the proceedings of the recent township-meeting were illegal and void throughout. Thereupon twelve electors presented a petition to the custodian of the township records asking that a meeting be called. Accordingly, L. B. Coats advertised for a meeting to be held April 22, 1836.

On the date last mentioned the electors met at the schoolhouse. Samuel E. Town was chosen chairman, and L. B. Coats clerk pro tern. The meeting then adjourned to the house of Eber Sherwood. After examining the proceedings of the first meeting aforesaid it was ascertained that the said township board throughout had neglected taking the usual oath prescribed by law before receiving votes, etc.

"It was therefore unanimously agreed that the said meeting be rendered ' uiUla bona.' It was also resolved unanimously that the first township-meeting in the township of Otsego he held at the school-house in said township, on Monday, the 2d day of May next, agreeably to an act* of the Legislature of Michigan, making provisions for the organization of townships, etc., approved Mareh 23, 1836.

" It was also motioned and carried, that twelve of the electors present advertise in three of the most public places for a townshipmeeting to he held at the school-house, on the first Monday in May next, at ten of the clock a.m., for the purpose of electing all township ofiicers."

Agreeably to public notice, the electors of the township again met at the school-house on Monday, May 2, 1836, and then adjourned to the dwelling of Eber Sherwood. Charles Miles was chosen chairman, and John L. Shearer clerk pro (em. As a result of this meeting the officers elected were Hull Sherwood, Jr., Supervisor; L. B. Coats, Township Clerk; Oka Town, -P. Higgins, Edric Atwater, Assessors ; Oka Town, Jabin S. Higgins, Charles Miles, Almerin L. Cotton, Justices of the Peace; Richard Weare, Collector ; John Weare, Samuel Foster, Thomas H. Thomas, Highway Commissioners ; Abijah Chichester, John Weare, Charles Miles, School Commissioners ; Hull Sherwood, Jr., Giles Scott, Directors of the Poor; Richard Weare, J. M. Smith, Constables. Charles Miles, of District No. 1, John L. Shearer, of District No. 2, and John Weare, of District No. 3, were appointed overseers of highways, fence-viewers pound-masters, and field-drivers.

Results Of Early Elections

RESULTS OF EARLY ELECTIONS. On Sept. 12, 1836, a special meeting was held for the election of a delegate to the State convention. After canvassing the votes it was ascertained that Richard Weare had received 34 votes. The vote was unanimous, no other person having received a ballot.

" If in any of the townships organized at the present session of the Legislature there shall not be held a township-meeting on the first Monday of April next, then said township-meeting may be held on I the first Monday of May next."

At a general election, held at the house of Eber Sherwood, Nov. 7, 1836, the total number of votes polled for candidates for State and county officers was 32. On the 21st and 22d of August, 1837, an election was held to choose a representative to Congress. As candidates, Hezekiah G. Wells received 35 votes, and Isaac E. Crary 18 votes. At the gubernatorial election held Nov. 6 and 7, 1837, Charles C. Trowbridge received 40 votes, and Stevens T. Mason 28. Candidates for State and county officers at an election held Nov. 5 and 6, 1838, received a total of 75 votes.

In the fall of 1833 a small log school-house was erected near Eber Sherwood's, and in this building Dr. L. B. Coats* taught the first school, in the winter of 18.-J3-34. He received $30 per month. Prom 25 to 30 pupils attended, among whom were several married men living in the neighborhood. It is claimed that Miss A. M. House, afterwards Mrs. S. F. Drury, taught the first school in the village of Otsego, - a private school, the sessions being held in the old store building which formerly stood on Hall's corner. Be that as it may, the first recorded proceedings concerning public schools in this township show that on the 17th day of December, 1836, School Commissioners Charles Miles and Abijah Chichester met at the township clerk's office, and described the boundaries of three school districts as follows :

" District No. 3 to include sections 7, 8, 9, 18, and the north half and the southwest quarter of 17, the west half of 20, and the whole of 19.

On the 10th of April, 1837, School Commissioners Lucius C. Anderson, Charles Miles, and Abijah Chichester changed the boundaries of the districts before-mentioned and established the fourth district.

" Scholars between the ages of five and seventeen years residing in the district, 30; scholars under five and over seventeen years residing in the district, not known; scholars attending school, 35; time school

"Scholars between the ages of five and seventeen years residing in the district, 28 ; scholars attending school of ages under five and over seventeen years, 18; whole number attending school, 33; time school baa been kept by qualified teacher, 6 months. No money received from State, county, or township. The books used in said school are the Elementary Spelling-Book, English Reader, Woodbridge's Geography, Kirkham's Grammar, and DaboH's Arithmetic."

" Whole number of districts in township, 4 ; number from which reports have been made, 2, viz , Nos. 1 and 2 ; number of scholars of school age in district No. 1, 27 ; in district No. 2, 25 ; number attending school under and over school age in district -No. 1, 4; in district No. 2, 5; whole number attending school in district No. 1, 31; in district No. 2, 30 ; time school has been taught in district No. 1, six months and three weeks; in district No. 2, three months; money received from school inspectors, district No. 1, $19.63 ; district No. 2, $15.50 ; money raised in district No. 1, $590 ; in district No. 2, $430 ; purposes for which raised in district No. 1, $500 for a school-house, and $90 for support of schools; in district No. 2, $430 for a schoolhouse; books used in district No. 1, Elementary Spelling-Book and English Reader ; in district No. 2, National Reader, Elementary Spelling-Book, Olney's, Woodbridge's and Parley's Geographies, Daboll's Arithmetic, and Kirkham's Grammar.

In the annual report of 1840, 129 scholars were reported as attending schools, and the apportionment of public funds in 1843 was as follows:

B. S. Dunham, for district No. 1, Dec. 27, 1839 ; Isaac N. Butterfield, for district No. 2, same date; Miss Lovanna Cronkite, for district No. 3, May 9, 1840; Jonas Chamberlin, district No. 2, and John Walker, district No. 1, Dec. 10, 1840; Miss Laura Parkhurst, district No. 3, June 4, 1842 ; A. C. Roberts, district No. 2, November, 1842. 1843. - Alva D. Botsford, Eunice House, Willard G. Eaton, William J. Bliss.

and their numbers have taken place, which it would be impossible to describe. The following was the apportionment of the primary school fund in 1850 :

As showing the present status of schools and their resources, the following statistics, taken from the school inspectors' annual report for the year ending Sept. 1, 1879, are appended :

Village Of Otsego

The village of Otsego, an incorporated municipality of some 1200 inhabitants, is an important station on the line of the Kalamazoo division of the Lake-Shore and Michigan Southern Railway, and is pleasantly located on the Kalamazoo River, which here flows rapidly to the westward.

The surface on the south side rises some fifteen feet above the river, and, stretching back to the southward, presents a beautiful level plain, - lands denominated by the pioneers " oak-openings." Here was established the original village plat. On the north side, after going back some forty rods from the stream, the land rises into a considerable hill elevation, furnishing unsurpassed sites for private residences and abundant opportunities for lawn and landscape gardening. This elevation, too, upon which is located the cemetery,* oae of the most beautiful places of interment in the county, gives a wide panoramic view of the village and of the surrounding country for miles in either direction. Mineral springs famous for their medicinal properties are also located on the north side of the river.

all the others are five rods in width. Several handsome brick blocks are to be seen, and the private residences evince taste and refinement. The manufacturing structures, large, commodious buildings, are situated on both sides of the river. These, together with the beautiful iron bridge spanning the waters of the swiftly-flowing Kalamazoo, present a fine appearance to travelers passing on the railway. Nine feet head of water is here obtained, with a plentiful supply throughout the year. The race on the south side, which was excavated in 1836, is eighty rods in length; that on the north side is of more recent origin, and is sixty rods long.

With its great and unsurpassed water-power privileges, Otsego is rapidly moving to the front as a manufacturing centre. The flouring-mills manufacture flour from more than 200,000 bushels of wheat yearly. There are mills for planing and for the manufacture of sash, doors, blinds, and fanning-mills, and an extensive chair-factory, which employs 100 hands. Hoes, corn-knives, and rakes are made in large quantities, - also carriages, wood-turnings, etc., - and there is an ample supply of all the smaller mechanical shops usually found in country villages.

Among the professional and business men of the present day are A. D. Botsford & Son, P. K. Cloud, W. C. Edsell & Co., Samuel D. Foster, Albert R. Foster, Nelson W. Mills, George B. Norton, Rouse Bros., Charles D. Gaylord, Charles Shepherd, E. W. Sherwood, and Abraham J. Van Wyck, merchants ; James M. Ballou, Mills, Peck & Co., C. H. Prentiss & Co., Sprague & Yeckley, A. B. & C. D. Stuart, manufacturers ; William L. Blair and A. & P. G. Hoag, flouring-mill owners ;f M. D. Prindle, saw-mill owner; E. H. Botsford, postmaster ; Charles H. Harris, proprietor of the Weekly Union; Julius M. Eaton, attorney; Milton Chase, John H. Fulton, S. W. Thomp.son, physicians ; Edsell & Peck, bankers ; A. M. Buck, D. W. Comstock^ F. L. McCoy, clergymen.

Its Baelt History

As already mentioned, Samuel Foster and his family were the first settlers upon the village site, locating here in the fall of 1831. About one year later, by an understanding with Samuel Foster, who pre-empted it, Horace H. Comstock purchased the land from the general government, and through his influence a post-office named Otsego was soon after established, Dr. Foster becoming the postmaster. Mr. Comstock was a native of Otsego Co., N. Y. He came to the Territory of Michigan in 1831 or 1832, and during the early days of both this and Kalamazoo County he was a most prominent actor, and operated largely in purchasing lands, platting villages, erecting mills, store-houses, dwellings, etc.

It seems that he early contemplated using the magnificent water-power privileges here afforded by the Kalamazoo, and the establishment of a village upon its banks, and in furtherance of this plan obtained the enactment of the following law : t H. Hall operates a flouring-mill two miles west of the village, and Messrs. Higgins & Scott another, four miles southwest of the same place.

of Michigan, That Horace H. Comstock and his heirs and assigns be and they are hereby authorized to build a dam across the Kalamazoo River at Otsego, in the county of Allegan.

"Section 2. The said dam shall not exceed fire feet in height above Common low water, and shall contain a convenient lock for the passage of boats, barges, canoes, rafts, or other water craft, not less than seventy-five feet in length and fourteen feet in width, and shall be so constructed as to receive boats in slack water of sufQcient depth below the ripple, and pass them to slack water above the ripple, for all the purposes of navigation on said river.

"Section 3. It shall be the duty of the owners of said dam, at all times, after the building of the same shall have been so far prosecuted as to obstruct the navigation of said river, to keep said lock in repair, and to pass any water craft or raft which can be admitted therein through the same without any unnecessary delay, free of all toll; and the said owners of said dam shall be liable to the owner or master of any water croft or raft, in double the amount of such damages such owner or master may sustain from any unnecessary detention of said water crnft or raft at said lock, to be recovered, with cost of suit, before any court having competent jurisdiction.

"Section 4. Any person who shall destroy or in any wise injure said lock or dam shall be deemed to have oommiltcd a trespass upon the owners thereof, and liable accordingly j and any person who shall willfully and maliciously destroy or injure the said lock or dam shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction he punishable cess of Mr. Comstock's enterprise. But the crowning event of the year was the survey and platting of the village of Otsego.f This was completed on the 22d day of December, 1836, by 0. J. Wilder, surveyor. The map of this plat shows the bridge, dam, and mill-race, and a " bed of first-rate iron ore" on the north bank of the river, some forty rods above the bridge. Also roads leading to Portsmouth, Kalamazoo, Paw Paw, to the mouth of the Kalamazoo, and to the rapids of Grand River. The surveyor says, -

"This town is laid on the south side of the river, on section 23, in township No. 1 north, of range No. 12 west. Allegan Street is seven rods wide, Wilmot is six rods wide, and all the others are five."

"This town is situated on the rapids of the Kalamazoo Kiver, immediately below its junction with Gun River, and at the head of steamboat navigation. The water-power of Otsego is not surpassed by any in Michigan, having a fall of fifteen feet, the whole river for

" Section 5. Nothing herein contained shall authorize the individual named in the first section of this act, or his heirs and assigns, to enter upon or flow the lands of any person without the consent of such person ; and the Legislature may at any time so alter or amend this act as to provide for the further improvement of the navigation of the said Kalamazoo River.

During the next year (1836) a dam, mill-race, and sawmill were constructed. A bridge was built across the river at this point. The Buckleys were selling goods. Samuel Foster, in anticipation of future requirements, - the influx of " land-lookers," - already had in active operation his little hostelry, known as "Otsego Hall;"* and, to still further increase hotel accommodations, J^ S. Higgins came in and built, a tavern, the building since (remodeled) occupied by Dr. Chase. Dr. Coats was here to attend to the bodily ailments of the afiBicted. A school-house was erected near the site of the present Congregational church edifice and the start thus made promised well for the sue-, a race, and requiring no dam, thus affording sufBcient power to drive any number of stone that can ever be wanted. Its peculiar location, in respect to other towns and the adjoining country, the concentration of roads leading to it, in connection with its immense water-power, render it one of the most desirable points in Michigan."

Samuel D. Foster began selling goods in the latter part of 1836. Koswell Crane took charge of the saw-mill in 1837, and built the Exchange Hotel for Mr. Comstock the same year. The hotel was then managed by Mr. Comstock for a few months, after which Mr. Crane assumed control of it. The first flouring-mill was built by Mr. Comstock in 1839. The resident tax-payers of 1840 have been mentioned in preceding pages, also a large majority of all other early settlers who settled subsequently ; to them the reader is referred.

The original school-house was burned in 1863. The present Union school building, a brick structure 50 by 80 feet, was built in 1868. It is surrounded by spacious grounds, some three or four acres in extent, well shaded with native oaks. Franklia Chadsey opened a classical school in 1855, but after a few years of financial difficulty he sold the school-house to the district.

The first newspaper established in the county, the Allegan County Democrat, was published at Otsego, by Moses Hawks, April 12, 1842. It was removed to Allegan soon after. Several other newspaper enterprises have originated here, which are mentioned in Chapter XX. of the general history.

Although the village suffered severely by fire in June, 1863, also in 1875, and again in December, 1877, it possesses no fire department or water supply that is at all efficient or worthy of notice.

The first charter election was held in the boot-and-shoe store of A. W. Blackmond, on the 15th of April, 1865, and the president, trustees, and marshal then elected were as follows : Willard Higgins, President ; William H. Ingram, Franklin Chadsey, Ethan Allen, Lenora Foster, Henry C. Houghton, Wilson C. Edsell, Trustees ; Byron Ballon, Marshal.

RELIGIOUS. THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH IN OTSEGO .f This body dates its history from the formation of the First Baptist Church in Plainfield, which was organized at the house of Silas Dunham in PlainfieldJ (now Gun Plain) Djc . 26, 1835. The names of the constituent members were Silas Dunham, Curtis Brigham, S. Calkins, Elisha B. Seely, James Calkins, Alfred S. Dunham, Edwin S. Dunham, Tirza Dunham, Lydia Brigham, Joanna Calkins, Sarah Seely, and Matilda Calkins. Their meetings during the first few years were held at different points over the wide field which this church then covered, - sometimes in the Gun Plain school-house, sometimes at the dwellings and school-houses in Cooper, in Otsego, and in Allegan, - Otsego being made the central point and permanent location in 1842.

The first pastor was Elder Jeremiah Hall, who was the moderator of the council held Feb. 4, 1836, for the recognition of the church. After Elder Hall, Elder Harvey Munger was pastor for several years, preaching only a portion of the time. Deacon Curtis Brigham, though not an ordained minister, preached acceptably during the early years of the society's history. Elder William A. Bronson was called to the pastorate June 24, 1844, and served about one year. Elder Harvey Munger followed him. In 1851, Rev. A. M. Buck became the pastor, and resigned in 1857. Rev. H. Stanwood was called in 1858, and served one year. Rev. A. M. Buck was recalled in April, 1859, and resigned in December, 1863. Rev. 0. S. Wolfe was called in 1864, served until August, 1864, and was succeeded by Rev. H. B. Taft in November of the same year, who remained one year. Rev. A. M. Buck was again called in November, 1872, and is the present incumbent.

This was the mother-church in Allegan County, and was probably the first church of any denomination formed within its limits. In December, 1840, a branch was set oflF to form a church in Cooper. In January, 1841, a branch was set ofi' to form the Baptist Church in Allegan. In April, 1864, a branch was set ofiF to form a church in Trowbridge, and in May of the same year another branch was set off to organize the present Baptist Church in Plainwell.

The house of worship now in use was built in 1855, and dedicated October 28th of that year. It has 250 sittings, and is valued at $1000. The church now numbers 65 members.

THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH OF OTSEGO.^ This organization was formed in the Gun Plain schoolhouse, township of Plainfield, now Gun Plain, on the 8th day of January, 1837. At this meeting Rev. M. Knappen, of Gull Prairie, presided as moderator, while George N. Smith served as secretary.

The first meeting held in Otsego was on the 26th of February, 1837. Among the original members of this church were Rev. A. S. Ware and wife, Mr. and Mrs.

Cliamberlin and son, John Forbes and wife, William Orr, Cyrenius Thompson and wife, George N. Smith and wifei Peter Head, Mrs. Foster, Mrs. Parsons, Mrs. Adams, and others. The first house of worship, in the village of Otsego, was built in 1846. It was burned in March, 1865. The present church edifice was completed in 1867, and has sittings for 300 persons. Present membership of the church, 80.

This church was organized in 1842, the original members being Lucius Anderson and wife, Miss M. Bailey, Sidney Ketehum, and Angeline Lane. The house of worship was commenced in 1843 and completed in 1847. It will seat 250 persons, and is valued at f2000. Present membership of the society, 110.

Among the pastors who have administered to the spiritual wants of this church there have been Revs. Frank Sage, Charles Bush, Edward Kellogg, Parker, J. C. Abbott, King, Myron B. Camburn, Virgil S. Boynton,

Seventh-Dat Adventists

A society of this denomination was organized by Elder Joseph Bates, of Monterey, on the 28th of December, 1861, the original members being Aaron Hilliard, Lydia Hilliard, George Leighton, Rocksilda Leighton, Margaret Shepard, Lewis Hadden, Mary Hadden, Hettie Hadden, Martin Leach, Esther Leach, Amanda Felshaw, Malinda Felshaw, Francis Felshaw, George Felshaw, Mary Russell, Paulina Russell, William Russell, Leroy Russell, Olive Russell, Augusta Haddeu, Elizabeth WeUjh, Nathan Anway, Harriet Auway, John D. Pearson, Sally F. Pearson, Sarah Travis, Sidney Hilliard, Cynthia Hilliard, Seymour Hilliard, Trecia Hilliard, and Sophronia Chappel.

Their first meetings were held at the house of George Leighton. In June, 1863, Elder M. E. Cornell held a successful series of tent-meetings at a point not far away from their present house of worship. Their church edifice is of brick, and situated on Farmer Street, in the village of Otsego. It was erected in 1867. The members of this organization number 74 at the present time.

OTSEGO LODGE,+ No. 164, L 0. 0. F.g This society was instituted as Henry Day Lodge, June 7, 1871, the officers then installed being Henry Day, N. G. A. S. Tompkins, V. G. ; A. B. Way, R. S. ; Nahum Gilbert' Treas. Other charter members were John B. Millard, D. F. Sweet, and Charles E. McKay. The name was changed to Otsego Lodge in 1873.

Hon. Wilson C. Edsell

This gentleman, whose name is so prominently associated with the history of Otsego and Allegan Counties, was born in Bradford Co., Pa., July 8, 1814. The family are of German-American origin. His parents were natives of New York and Connecticut, and reared a family of nine children. The elder Edsell was a farmer, and his family were brought up to habits of industry and thrift. Our subject's advantages for education were confined to the common schools of that day, but his thoughtfulness and close observation made amends for other deficiencies. At the age of eighteen he was apprenticed to the vocation of a carpenter and joiner, and upon attaining his majority he was in possession of a strong pair of hands, a good constitution, and was master of his trade. In 1835 he started West, stopping at Cleveland to recruit his finances ; leaving Cleveland, he went to Sandusky, and entered the employ of George Lawton, a successful mill-builder, with whom he remained four years. lie gained the reputation of a faithful, competent workman, and spent his leisure time in studying Nicholson's " Operative Mechanics," chemistry, natural philosophy, drawing, and history. In 1839 he built a large floufing-mill at Monroeville, Ohio. Here also he met his destiny in Miss Julia A., daughter of David Cleck, Esq., whom he married the following year. Soon after their marriage they entered Oberlin College, and began a four years' course. In 1844 they joined a colony of thirty persons, who emigrated from Oberlin to Olivet, Mich., for the purpose of establishing a similar college at that place, where Mr. Edselljin company with Rev. John J. Shipard, founder of Oberlin College, Carlos Reed, and William Hesford, purchased about twelve hundred acres of land for college, mill, and kindred purposes. Mr. Edsell was made treasurer, secretary, and trustee, and pushed forward the work amid many discouragements until it had gained a firm hold upon the confidence of the people. Its admirable discipline and superior educational advantages now render it a power for good, and much of its after-success is attributable to the self-sacrifice and untiring energy of its first secretary. In 1849, Mr. Edsell removed to Otsego, where his energy and ability were soon recognized. He was admitted to practice in all the State courts, was justice of the peace sixteen years, trustee of the State Asylum for the Insane, and twice elected member of the State Senate. As a jurist he manifested clearness of perception, sound common sense, and indefatigable perseverance. In 1870 he was admitted to practice in the United States courts, thus proving that though advanced in years he is both aggressive and progressive. He has not confined his efforts solely to the practice of his profession, but has been one of the largest real-estate owners in the county, and in 1869 he, in company with H. N. Peck, established the first banking-house in Otsego. In 1866, Mrs. Edsell died. She was a lady of refinement and education, and esteemed highly. She was the mother of four children, two of whom are still living, - Chas. W., of the firm of W. C. Edsell & Son, and Sarah, wife of H. N. Peck. In 1867 he was again married, to Mrs. Clara Hughes, of Kalamazoo. By the last union one daughter, Esther, was born. The salient points in the character of Mr. Edsell are industry and economy, to which he attributes his success. Starting in at twentyone with only his natural resources and five dollars, he has attained success in all departments of life. He is one of whom the Latin phrase ^"-Faher sux fortunse" is eminently true. In his political and religious convictions he is a Republican and a Congregationalist. Socially, he is genial and courteous, and his hospitality and good nature are proverbial. He possesses that quality of bearing and manner, united with a fine presence, which not only favorably impresses the stranger, but endears him to those who enjoy his society. Public spirited in the fullest sense of the word, he is one of those whose identification with any community is always productive of good.

Among the most prominent things of his life-work, as well as being the most satisfactory to himself, are, he says, the following ; The pleasure and satisfaction of assisting and taking care of his aged mother, who lived to be ninetyfour years old ; the part he took in the founding and establishing of the Olivet College ; and his untiring eflForts in the anti-slavery cause, and the organization and perpetuity of the Republican party.

This is one of the three townships of Allegan County populated chiefly by Hollanders, and may, perhaps, be regarded as the stronghold of the people of that nationality in the county. It is described in the United States survey as township 4 north, of range 14 west, being bounded on the north by Ottawa County, south by Heath, east by Salem, and west by Fillmore.

The surface of Overisel is quite varied, the elevations in the southeastern portion often reaching the dignity of hills, while in the centre the slopes are more gentle. There are a few swamps, so small, however, as not materially to lessen the value of that district. The northern and southwestern portions are level and productive, and afford many advantages to the agriculturist. No lakes diversify the surfape of Overisel, which is, in

Rabbit River, which makes its way, with many windings, through the southeastern portion, enters the township from Salem on section 25, flows southwestward, and passes out into Heath on the southern line of section 34. This stream is fed by several small creeks, which rise in the northern portion of the township, while the tributaries of the Black River water the northwestern corner of the township.

A considerable portion of the soil of Overisel is a sandy loam, while in many localities a strong clay loam abounds and in others the clay is mixed with gravel, a composition which produces as good crops as are to be found anywhere in Allegan County.

Wheat finds a congenial soil in Overisel, the average crop being quite equal to that of neighboring townships. Corn is also grown to profit, and other grains are cultivated with like success. In some localities the wheat-crop has yielded 35 bushels to the acre, though it is not claimed that the average production will reach that figure. The last available census - that of 1874 - reported that 1305 acres of that grain had been harvested during the previous year, which had yielded 22,418 bushels. Seven hundred and forty-six acres of corn had produced 26,059 bushels of that cereal, while of other grains 19,224 bushels had been raised. Grass is grown with much success, and hay of a superior grade is produced, the yield in 1873 having been 1990 tons.

On nearly all the farms there are fine orchards, which generally produce very fine apples, that fruit being the one principally in favor among the Hollanders. There are very few peach-trees, hardly any one raising more peaches than are desired for home consumption.

The timber of Overisel embraces most varieties found elsewhere in the county. Beech and maple are the staple woods, while ash, elm, hemlock, and pine also abound. The last-named timber is principally found alohg the borders of Babbit River, though most of what formerly grew there has been used for building or exported.

The population of Overisel is chiefly composed of Hollanders, who emigrated from their native land direct to Michigan, though a small band of settlers of American descent are found in the southeastern portion. The industry, order, and neatness of this people are apparent even in a hasty survey of the township. The lands are mostly well improved and substantially fenced, while comfortable dwellings of brick or wood, together with capacious barns and out-buildings, are seen on nearly every farm. The population has increased materially since the census of 1874, and is now estimated to exceed 2000 persons.

The hospitality and civility which are marked characteristics of the Dutch race are fully maintained by the people of Overisel, as the writer can most willingly testify. There was only a single exception to the courtesy and friendliness with which he was received. There is among the Hollanders of this township but little rotation in oflBce. Those who have filled positions of trust with ability and integrity are secure in their tenure of office, and are but slightly affected by political changes, as may be seen by a glance at the list of officers which closes the township history.

Government Enteies

Section 1. - Bought from 1S54 to 1856 by K. Dejunge, John Luhbers, P. Knighthof, Jan Van Dau, Jan Rodoss, Hendrik Hinman, Cornelius Vorhorst. Seclion 2. - Bought from 1836 to 1849 by E. Ilawley, R. Mast, A.

and Van Dau. Section 4. - Bought from 1836 to 1854 by R. S. Hawkins, J. Davis, William Larzalere, Jan Van Dau, W. Van Deroolk, A. Dosimer. Section 5. - Bought from 1836 to 1864 by Robert Hawkins, Niram Abbott, Klas Halst, G. Broaderhouet, W. Vanderoolk, Henry Kollen. Section 6. - Bought in 1836 and 1837 by E. Doubleday, R. M. Mentern, Niram Abbott. Section 7. - Bought from 1836 to 1862 by Niram Abbott, B. Zimmerman, C. J. Vorhorst, L. H. Hendriok, Simeon Barrow, B. Sohaddeler.

John Clark, Samuel Hunt, Koning and Kollen. Section 14. - Bought in 1836 and 1855 by John W. Curtis, L. J. Gard. Section 15. - Bought from 1836 to 1855 by David Cole, J. U. Curtis,

Section 34. - Bought in 1834, '35, and '36 by H. Y. Britain, William P. Patrick, Petterman and Abbott, Trowbridge and Parks, Benjamin Eager, Norman Allen.

Section 35. - Bought in 1835 and 1836 by Alanson Sumner, L. A. Mills, Petterman and Abbott, Joel Bowker, Elisha Moody, Trowbridge and Parks, Silas Trowbridge, Charles Butler.

Early Settlements

During the year 1847 a colony of twenty families, under the leadership of Rev. S. Bolks, embarked from Holland for the hospitable shores of America. They remained a year in the State of New York, and during this interval Rev. Mr. Bolks came to Western Michigan, a larger colony of his countrymen having located in the southern part of Ottawa County a short time before.* He first determined upon Fillmore as a location for his colony, but finally decided on Overisel.

land, Ottawa Co., and received temporary shelter. Here they remained until log houses could be constructed on the ground they had selected for each family,, when they immediately moved into them. The colonists brought with them Holland gold, with which they desired Dominie Bolks to enter 2000 acres of land at Ionia, Mich., where the landoffice for this district was then located. This land was then distributed by lot to the various heads of families, and all seem to have been entirely content with the tracts that this method of division assigned him. In this tract was embraced a farm of 63 acres, which was given to Dominie Bolks as a pledge of esteem by the colonists.

The families who accompanied Rev. Mr. Bolks to Overisel and made the first settlement there in 1848 are here enumerated, with their location : Egbert Nykerk, with a wife and one child, who located upon the east half of the northwest fractional quarter of section 19. In his family also lived Aarand Teeslink, his wife's father, with a wife and four children. Gerret Veldhuis, with his wife and four children, located upon the southwest fractional quarter of section 1 9. Gerret H. Lankheit, with his wife and two little ones, became a resident of the south half of the southeast quarter of section 19. He. lived upon this land until his death, in 1865.

Henry Beldman, accompanied by a wife and one child, settled upon the east half of the northwest quarter of section 20. Berend Wieldrayer, with five children, found a home upon section 18, of which he had received half of the southeast quarter, embracing 80 acres. Mr. Wieldrayer died in 1879, having lived to the advanced age of eightyone years. Gerett J. Immink, accompanied by a wife and six children, settled upon the west half of the northwest quarter of section 20, and afterwards bought the east half of the northeast quarter of section 19. He is now deceased, as is also his wife, who lived to the age of eightyfour years. A son of the same name occupies the farm.

William Hulsman, with his wife, removed to the west half of the southeast quarter of section 17, embracing 80 acres. Hendrick Klumper, with his wife and three children, located upon the east half of the southeast quarter of section 18, on which he lived until his death, in 1875. His son now occupies the homestead. Gerret J. Figuervever, accompanied by his wife and child, found a home on section 8, of which he received the west half of the southwest quarter. With him came his father and mother, who are since deceased.

Evert J. Fokkert, wife, and child became residents of 40 acres on section 7. He died many years since, and left his son, Manues Fokkert, in possession of the farm, upon which he now resides. John W. Agteres, with his wife and three children, removed to the west half of the east half of the southwest quarter of section 8. He died some years since, and left the farm to his widow, who now resides upon it. Henry Kleinheksel, accompanied by his wife and five children, settled upon the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of section 8. He enjoyed the distinction of having been the earliest pioneer in Ovcrisel, and lived upon his land until 1875, when his death occurred. His son is now the owner of the farm.

two children, found a home upon section 9, where he owned 160 acres. His son now resides upon the same farm, Henry Kroezre, with a wife and three children, owned the east half of the southeast quarter of section 8. He died very early, and the widow, with her son, has since cultivated the farm. Jan Sohipper, accompanied by a wife and five children, settled on 40 acres on section 20.

Hendricus Maatman, his wife and three children, located upon the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of section 17, and also purchased the northwest quarter of the southeast quarter of section 20. His death occurred during an early period of the colony's history, and his son has since cultivated the land. L. Slatman, one of the early pioneers who left Holland in 1847, died in Syracuse, N. Y., soon after his arrival. His widow and five children removed to Michigan with the colony, and settled upon the northeast quarter of the southeast quarter of section 19. William Oolbekkirck, who was unmarried on his arrival, located upon the northwest quarter of the southeast quarter of section 19.

Mannes Kleinheksel resided upon section 20, where he had the northwest quarter of the southwest quarter. Gerret * J. Haller, also an unmarried man, had the east half of the southwest quarter of section 17. Gerret Maatman and his wife established themselves upon section 8, where 40 acres was allotted to them. He lived upon his farm until his death, in 1876, when his son became owner of the property. John Schwuurusau did not locate land with the colony, but soon after entered a tract in the township which he improved and made his residence.

Mannes Boers and two children settled upon the west fractional half of the southwest quarter of section 6, his wife having died in New York. Berend Timmerman, with his wife and four children, located upon the east half of the northwest fractional quarter of section 7.

Gerret M. Brouwer, with his wife and two children, chose a farm on section 24, in the township of Fillmore. These last four settlers purchased their lands direct from the government, and not through the agency of Rev. S. Bolks.

The same fall there arrived from Holland William Heckman, wife and four children, who settled upon the east half of the southwest quarter of section 6 ; Hendrick Eskes, his wife and three children, who chose a home in Fillmore ; John Bolks, who was unmarried, and also located in Fillmore, on section 24; Gerret Schoten, his wife and five children, who purchased 160 acres on section 17; Gerret Vreelink, with a wife and five children, who entered 80 acres on section 8.

In 1849 came Hans Kok, his wife and six children, who located upon section 7 ; Mannes Slotman, with a wife and four children, who became settlers on section 20 ; and Rev. Gerret J. Nykerk, who is still living, and officiates as pastor of the Reformed Church of Overisel.

Hendrick Brouwers, who came from Hanover in 1848 remained in Allegan until the fall of 1850, having meanwhile purchased land on section 17 in Overisel, where he then settled. In 1854 he bought 115 acres upon section

9, on which he at present resides. Henry Michmerehuizen built a house upon his land, on section 18, as early as 1848, but did not remove to it until later, having remained two years in Allegan. Cornelius J. Voorhorst left the province of Overisel, in Holland, in the spring of 1847, and came direct to Holland, Mich., where he remained until his settlement upon his farm, in 1848.

Fred Copeman came in 1851, and with his wife located upon 80 acres on section 7. Lucas Daugremond preceded him by a year, and with his family settled upon section 18, where he built a blacksmith-shop and conducted a thriving business. Mannes Kok settled upon the land formerly owned by Dominie Bolks. Doon Nieuwenhuis located with his family upon section 7. Z. Vujteveen and family settled upon section 20, and John W. Neveuzel upon section 30. John Von Eerde and Gerret Kooiker were also among the later settlers.

R. Koning came from Zeeland, Mich., in 1866, and embarked in mercantile pursuits. He soon after erected a substantial building, and conducted the business of a general store, adapted to the country trade, for a period of eight years. Later he purchased a large tract of land, and is now extensively engaged in real-estate operations.

Jan Van Dau settled upon section 3, and resided upon his farm during his lifetime. Jan and Geraud Van Rhu also located on the same section. Roeluf A. Weurding, with his family, found a home on section 2, where he purchased the south half of the southeast quarter, and Albert Vredevelt secured the east half of the southwest quarter on the same section.

The hamlet of Overisel is located upon section 18. It was first begun in 1848, when a temporary structure was erected by the men of the colony, who located in the township, and desired a place of shelter while employed in erecting log houses for the reception of their families. This house was a structure of the rudest description. In lieu of beds the pioneers were content to repose upon hemlock bouo'hs, while their food was of such a character as could be easily transported from Holland, Ottawa Co., at which place they rejoined their families at the expiration of each week's toil. As soon as the structure was rendered habitable, Henry Kleinheksel came with his wife and established themselves in the house, or " tavern," as it was called, and remained until their own log structure, on section 18, was completed, to which they then removed. They may therefore be regarded as having been the first permanent settlers in the township. Soon after occurred the birth of Mr. Kleinheksel's son William, who was the first child born in the township.

There was at this time no saw-mill in Overisel, and the lumber used in constructing the earliest buildings was drawn from Dumont's mill, in Allegan, by ox-teams, there being then no fodder for horses. But two horse-teams were owned in the township during the first year of its settlement. In the fall of 1848 Cornelius J. Voorhorst removed to the hamlet. He had previously been a resident of Holland, Ottawa Co., and had been importuned by Dominie Bolks to embark with him in a mercantile enterprise. They opened a small store containing a supply of groceries and other articles adapted to a country trade. This business was conducted for a period of three years. In 1853 Mr. Voorhorst purchased 40 acres on section 18. His residence until his marriage was with Dominie Bolks. After that event he removed to a log house he had erected on the site of his present comfortable brick residence, on section 18. To this land he added until he was the owner of 124 acres, which is all in an improved condition.

Other buildings sprang up in the little hamlet as the demand for them was apparent, a church was erected, a school opened, and the general business of the burg steadily increased.

There are now two stores keeping a general stock, - one owned by Henry Schotten, the other by P. M. & E. Van Zee ; one hardware store, owned by Daugremond & Nykerk ; two shoe-shops, kept by John Ensing and Peter Dyck, respectively ; one blacksmith-shop, owned by H. Brinkman ; and a paint-shop belonging to Peter Ranken.

Other Items

OTHER ITEMS. On section 11 in the township is also a general store kept by John Dozeman. The first physician who practiced here and in the township was Dr. Boerth, who resided in Zeeland, Ottawa Co., and made occasional pilgrimages to Overisel as his services were in demand. Dr. R. B. Best became a resident practitioner in 1874, and after a brief absence has returned again to his former field of labor. The earliest marriage was that of John Schipper to Miss Jennie Nykerk. The exact date, however, is not recollected.

The organization of this church dates back to the advent of the first emigrants from the province of Overisel, in the Netherlands, to Allegan County, in 1847. Rev. S. Bolks, the pastor of the church in the Fatherland, with a large part of his congregation and three members of his Consistory, had left their place of birth for the purpose of improving their secular and religious condition, and as has been previously stated selected the township of Overisel as their home.

In the fall of 1848 a house of worship of logs was begun, but was not completed before the snows of winter had appeared, services being meanwhile held at the houses of the settlers. In 1849 the edifice was rendered habitable, and from that time used as a place of worship, some improvements being made in the course of time. Rev. Mr. Bolks was the pastor, and also directed the educational interests of the township. In 1851 the congregation united with the denomination known as the Reformed Dutch Church. In the same year, Rev. Mr. Bolks having removed from the township, one of the elders of the church, Mr. G. J. Nykerk, was chosen as pastor, and to enable him the better to fulfill the duties of this sacred calling was sent by the colony to the then Holland Academy, now Hope College, to perfect himself in theology and the languages. The elders of the church, during the interval, officiated and guarded the religious interests of the colony.

the Classis of Holland. He is still filling that sacred oflfice in Overisel, being assisted in his clerical labors by Rev. P. Lepeltak, who was educated by the congregation to the work of the ministry, and was called to the church at Overisel in 1877. Other young men who have been educated by this church have entered the ministry, or are engaged in teaching at Hope College, Holland.

The membership of the church has steadily increased until its roll now embraces 489 names. A successful Sabbath-school is also maintained, with 375 scholars. Since 1859 the congregation has contributed to the support of its own church and parish, and to various benevolent enterprises, a sum exceeding |50,000. It has a spacious and well-appointed church edifice and a very desirable parsonage, which is about to be rebuilt.

The territory embraced in the present township of Overisel was surveyed by Noah Brookfleld for Calvin Britain, March 17, 1832. It was formerly connected with Monterey, and subsequently with Fillmore. The act of the State Legislature creating it an independent township was passed during the session of 1857.

Many of the early settlers came from the province of Overisel, Holland (signifying " over the Yssel," a river of that name), and christened the new township in memory of the district in the fatherland from whence they emigrated.

Civil List

The first meeting of the township of Overisel was held at the school-house in district No. 1, April 6, 1857. Cornelius J. Voorhorst was appointed moderator, and Hendrick Brouwers and Jan Boers were appointed inspectors of election. The officers elected for the year were C. J. Voorhorst, Supervisor ; Jan Boers, Township Clerk ; Hendrick Brouwers, Treasurer; Lucas Daugermond, Hendrik Brouwers, School Inspectors ; Harm Walters, R. Van Dam, Hendrik Bellman, Highway Commissioners ; Gerret J. Wolterink, Barteld Vredeveld, Justices of the Peace ; Egbert Nykerk, Harm Schepers, Directors of the Poor ; Mannes Hulsman, Albert Woerding, Constables. The remaining township officers to the present time are as follows :

Superintendents Op Schools

SCHOOLS. The earliest school was taught very soon after the establishment of the colony, in a log school-house, in district No. 1. It had as teacher Miss Bingham, now Mrs. George E. Jewett, of Allegan township. The building was located on section 17, on the section-line, and later gave place to a substantial frame structure, to which, in response to the demaud for more extended quarters, a wing has been added. Two teachers are employed in this district, and find here an ample field for their energies.

The second school opened in Overisel was for the instruction of the children living within the boundaries of district No. 2. The building was constructed of logs, and located on section 2. Soon after, in response to the demands of the residents of district No. 3, a school-house was built on section 9. The earliest teacher is not remembered. The township is divided into six whole school districts, which are under the supervision of a board of the following directors : H. G. Miohmershuizen, H. Weurding, H. Brouwers, H. Beltman, W. C. Planner, H. Eigterink. 406 children receive instruction, 11 of them being nonresidents, for which purpose 5 male and 4 female teachers are employed, who receive annually in salaries the amount of $2010.50. The value of school property is $3400, and the total resources of the township for school purposes $3037.74, of which $258.24 is derived from the primary

Burial-Places

The earliest burial-place was begun in 1848, an exchange having been made with Cornelius J. Voorhorst, by which an acre of land on his farm, and adjoining his residence, was devoted to purposes of burial. This was neatly fenced, has since been adorned with many neat tablets, and is still in use. The first interment was made in 1848, a little child of Gerret H. Veldhuis having there found a last resting-place. It was speedily followed by the father and two other children, who were the chosen victims to a prevailing epidemic.

A second burial- spot was set apart on section 11, a halfacre having been purchased for the purpose on the quarterline. It was subsequently controlled by the township, and a half-acre added, the whole being neatly fenced and made attractive by the watchful care of the neighboring residents.

Mr. Geert Koning, accompanied by his wife, Blrs. Mary Jane Haskels Koning, and seven children, embarked at Rotterdam, Holland, for America, Feb. 27, 1847, and landed in Baltimore after a tedious voyage of thirty-six days. The oldest of their family was Remmett, whose birth occurred in the province of Trent, Netherlands, July 24, 1826. On their arrival they began the westward journey, Michigan having been their objective point. The father's health for a year previous had been poor, and seven days later he died on a canal-boat at Millington, Pa., where he was buried, leaving the little band under the protecting care of the oldest son. They continued their journey, and ultimately arrived at Kalamazoo with but ten guilders, or four dollars, of their small capital left. They removed to a small house and Remmett found employment in a brick-yard, where he earned twelve dollars a month, that having been the maximum sum paid at that time for labor. The following fall he removed to Saugatuck and was employed by John Roberts upon a scow running from Allegan around the lake to Holland, Mich. Having a desire to become the owner of land, he borrowed of a friend, Mr. Harm Smith, sufficient money with which to enter and pay for the southwest quarter of section 18, in Zeeland. This he intrusted to the care of a would-be friend, v.'ho appropriated it to his own use and left him minus the land. However, with the assistance of his brother Jacob, a fractional eighty was preempted, and finally paid for after much anxiety and effort on the part of the young emigrants. Previous to this time Mr. Koning had assumed the burden of the family support, depending entirely upon his good health and his strong arms for aid. A change, however, occurred in the family relations by the marriage of his mother to John Van Vleet in 1851. Mr. Koning's talent for speculation was first developed in the purchase of twenty-six fat hogs, which he sold soon after at a fine profit and enabled him to purchase thirty-seven more. He then repaired to Kalamazoo County and sought employment, chopping in a single winter three hundred and sixty-five cords of wood, and also engaging soon after at labor in a furnace. On the 23d of July, 1854, he was married to Miss Janette Immink, the third in a family of six children who came from the Netherlands to America in 1847 and settled in Overisel in 1848, where her brother still resides. Mr. and Mrs. Koning have had six children, two of whom are living. Gerrit was born July 9, 1855, and died the following month ; a little one, whose advent and departure from the world both occurred in September, 1856 ; Gerrit, born Sept. 8, 1857, whose death occurred in November of the same year; Gerrit J., whose birth occurred Aug. 29, 1858; Diana J., born Feb. 4, 1861; and William, whose birthday was Sept. 9, 1864, and whose death took place in January of the following year.

During the first tea years after Mr. Koning's marriage he lived upon his former home and engaged in stock-buying and other speculations. In 1862 he made a purchase em- bracing one hundred and twenty acres of land, and in 1864 secured an additional forty acres in Overisel, where his present residence is located. He then embarked both in farming and mercantile pursuits, having opened a small store with a general assortment of goods adapted to the country trade. The latter enterprise he conducted for a period of eight years, and then disposed of his interest to a partner. Mr. Koning had by industry and excellent judgment accumulated a competency, which was further increased by the sale of his land in Zeeland for the sum of six thousand dollars. Since that time he has added to his landed estates, until he is now the possessor of fourteen hundred and sixty-seven acres, a portion of which is highly cultivated. His tax-roll is among the largest paid in the county. In the Fatherland both Mr. Koning and his father have a military record, the former having been for seven years a soldier, and participated in the battle of Waterloo. His son was drafted at eighteen and deserted, his desire to embark for America overcoming his patriotic instincts. The English language was to him an unknown tongue on his arrival, but by perseverance and application he has become proficient in its use. This was greatly aided by a substantial education in his early years. Mr. Koning's children have also received a liberal education, - Gerrit, at Hope College ; the latter has chosen farming as his vocation, and been presented with a four-hundred-acre farm. In politics Mr. Koning is an active Republican, and has been since the organization of the party. Both himself and wife are members of the Reformed (Dutch) Church in Overisel, and contribute liberally towards its support.

Pine Plains

Among the most heavily timbered townships of the county is that of Pine Plains, known on the U. S. survey as township 2 north, in range 14 west. It is bounded north by Heath, south by Cheshire, east by Allegan, and west by Clyde. It was surveyed iu July, 1831, by Calvin Britain, and was organized as a separate civil township in 1850, then embracing the territory of Clyde and Lee, but not including that part of its present territory northeast of Kalamazoo River. In 1859 the two townships just mentioned were separated from Pine Plains, which then embraced only that portion of township 2, range 14, lying southwest of the Kalamazoo River. In 1871 the portion lying northwest of the river was taken from Heath by an act of the Legislature and annexed to Pine Plains, making its present area six miles square.

The township is well watered, the Kalamazoo River entering it from the east, flowing through it to the northwest, and leaving it on the north line of section 5. Its course is tortuous, - perhaps even more so in this township than elsewhere in the county, except in Allegan. The most important of the smaller streams is Swan Creek, which enters the township on the south line, of section 32, follows a northerly course, and empties into the Kalamazoo. It affords good water-power, and saw-mills have at various times been erected upon its banks. Other smaller creeks are found in the northern portion of the township, and there is a small sheet of water on the western boundary which is known to the residents of that locality as Round Lake.

The quality of the soil in the timbered land is quite good, being a mixture of clay and sand, which by cultivation has been rendered very productive. Much of the land is a sandy loam, though at times there are found streaks of clay which are very productive. The river-lands are annu-

Wheat is grown with considerable success in various parts of the township, the average crop being quite equal to that obtained in neighboring territories. Corn, however, seems to be cultivated to even better advantage, and it is even said that in some favored localities 160 bushels of ears have been produced to the acre. In less fertile districts the corncrop is still abundant.

The surface of Pine Plains is undulating, hills and valleys of varying height diversifying the scene. The elevations are frequently utilized for fruit-growing, and many fine peach-orchards, some of them of considerable extent, cover the sloping ground. The township was originally remarkable, as its name indicates, for its excellent pine-timber land. Oak, beech, maple, and basswood are also occasionally found in the township. Much of the pine has been already cut, but enough still remains to attract lumbermen from other regions to this locality. Not only are the trees themselves utilized, but the stumps have in many districts been used for making fences, - fences which are supposed to be quite as durable as stone walls and less liable to fall down. In 1874 Pine Plains had nearly 2000 acres of improved land and 62 farms. These numbers are now considerably larger, and will be still further increased as the lands in the central and western portion are brought under cultivation.

The first settler, as nearly as can be determined, who undertook to make a home in the territory of Pine Plains was Mr. A. Nobles, who located upon a tract of land on section 13, just north of the Kalamazoo River, about 1837. It is probable that his purchase was made from an early speculator, as he does not appear to have made a government entry. Mr. Nobles built a log bouse on the bank of the river, and remained about a year, when he abandoned his temporary abode and departed. The house was for a long time afterwards used as a temporary shelter by the river raftsmen and occasional itinerant fishermen. It was at length consumed by fire, through the carelessness of some of its temporary occupants. John Onderkirk was employed by Nobles to clear his land, and for several months made his headquarters at the house above mentioned.

The next settlement was made by T. M. West, who purchased a tract of land on section 14, north of the river, now occupied by W. N. Ingham. As near as can be ascertained, Mr. West's advent occurred in 1838. He had previously resided in Allegan, to which place he returned after a brief experience in Pine Plains.

Daniel Amerman came from Wayne Co., Pa., in 1836, and located in Allegan on the line of Pine Plains. In 1845 he removed to the latter township and purchased 80 acres on section 13. Upon this he built a house and remained two years, when he removed to Osceola County. His son then occupied the farm until 1878, when he became a resident of the village of Allegan.

In 1844, Samuel Bigsby arrived from Allegany Co., N. Y., and located upon section 12, where he purchased of Oramel GriflBn 160 acres. He found a temporary abode with Peter Dumont, in Allegan, while he cleared five acres of land, after which he returned to the East, and the following year brought his family. They also enjoyed the hospitality of their Allegan neighbors until a comfortable residence could be built, into which they at once moved. For nearly a year they had no neighbors except a band of Indians who had pitched their camps on the river-bank, and were constantly roaming the forest in pursuit of game. With game and fish procured of the Indians, Mrs. Bigsby was able to set forth a repast which would have delighted the heart of a modern epicure. The first framed house and barn in the township were built by Mr. Bigsby, the erection of which was then considered as an achievement' of which he might reasonably be proud. It was all the more complimentary to his industry and energy that his ready cash after paying for his land was reduced to 25 cents in currency. During the time that Mr. Bigsby's family was living in Mr. Dumont's house in Allegan, his daughter Amelia was married to George P. Heath. This could hardly be called the first marriage in Pine Plains, but it would have been if the bride's father had moved into his new house a little quicker.

There were as yet no religious services held in Pine Plains; but as settlers came in their ox-teams were frequently seen conveying them to Allegan for worship. Later, Elder Bingham, of the latter place, held services in the school-house, which had been built in the mean time.

An early death occurred in the household of Mr. Bigsby, which was probably the second in the township. A sick stranger from Hillsdale presented himself at Mr. Bigsby's door°and begged assistance. His suffering condition so moved the hearts of Mr. and Mrs. Bigsby that he was made welcome and tenderly nursed by them and the neighbors, who volunteered their services. Their ministrations, however, proved unavailing, as he survived but four weeks. Mr. Bigsby died during, the year 187Y. His wife, still

Maj. James M. Heath came West from Alleghany Co., N. Y., in 1845, and purchased 400 acres on section 12. Mr. West was at this time the only resident in the township, Mr. Bigsby having not yet returned from the East with his family. Mr. Heath occupied a log house on Mr. Dumont's farm until his own was completed, when he removed to it with his family. Even as late as 1845, within two or three miles of Allegan village, wild animals were not only abundant, but very obtrusive. Bears were especially destructive in the corn-fields, and would occasionally visit the dwellings of the settlers. The house of Maj. Heath in his absence was visited by one of these marauders, which came close up to the door, coolly made a survey of the premises, badly frightened the inmates, and then walked off at his leisure.

The first death in the township was that of Maj. Heath's son, Frank, who died near the close of the Mexican war from sickness contracted while serving as a soldier in that conflict. His remains were the first which were interred in the new cemetery.

Peter Rhodabaugh arrived very soon after, and settled on a farm adjoining Mr. Bigsby's. In his family occurred the earliest birth in the township.

A saw-mill was built as early as 1837 in Pine Plains by David B. Stout. It was located on Swan Creek, on the site of the property known as the Bush Mills, on section 29 (now owned by Armitage & Co.), and was run for five years, during which time it supplied lumber for most of the settlers. A saw-mill was at a later date erected by H. Bower on section 17 upon the same creek, which was subsequently purchased by P. G. Paris & Co.

John B. Babbitt removed from Mercer Co., Pa., to Pine Plains in 1849, and lived a while with Maj. Heath. In 1851 he entered 53 acres in the northeast corner of section 2, upon which he built a house and barn, and a considerable portion of which he cleared. Two years later his father became a resident of the township. Mr. Babbitt remained upon his farm until 1859, when he removed to Allegan and engaged in the practice of law. He served for a term in the Union army, and has ever since been an active member of the bar.

Arad Hitchcock came from the State of New York and purchased from A. J. Kellogg 80 acres on section 13. He remained a few weeks, and during that time made a beginning in the work of clearing his land. This brief season of labor, however, proved fatal, as he contracted a malarial fever which ended his life one month later. Mrs. Hitchcock was not, however, dismayed. Under the care of her father she removed to her land in Pine Plains four years later, and has since resided upon it.

The first settler who cleared a farm on the portion of Pine Plains south of the river was Giles H. Hills, who came from Oswego Co., N. Y., in 1853, and located 345 acres on section 24. He found no neighbors in that township, but in Allegan lived Loren Sage, who had located on section 30, very near Mr. Hill's own purchase. Mr. Hill beo-an life in Pine Plains, almost as a matter of course, in a log house. Four years later he built a hot«l. The year

Mr. Muma was soon followed by John Frank, who located upon 130 acres on section 14, but subsequently removed from the township. J. W. Palmer purchased and improved 160 acres on section 6, but did not become a permanent resident. Jabez Pettit made an early location upon 140 acres on section 30.

George Peet was a former resident of Oneida Co., N. Y., which he left in 1844, and ten years later selected Pine Plains as a home, purchasing 120 acres on section 11, and finding a welcome at the house of George P. Heath while erecting a house for himself. His brother, William Peet, who came somewhat later, purchased an adjoining farm on the same section, which he improved, and upon which he still resides.

Burroughs Ingham, a native of Allegany Co., N. Y., moved to Allegan County in 1853, and purchased 80 acres on section 14, in Pine Plains, where he took up his residence. Across the river from Mr. Ingham's place, Rev. William Page had tried to build a saw-mill and factory as early as 1849. A race had been dug, but, the water-power proving insuflBcient, the enterprise was abandoned and the property disposed of. It is now owned by Ira Wilcox. The latter gentleman served four years in the army, and with the proceeds of this service liquidated the indebtedness on his purchase.

Salmon Thayer had been a pioneer in Saugatuck in 1855. In 1857 he purchased of Myron Hinckley 80 acres on section 13, in Pine Plains, on which he established his family, though at first he continued to work most of the time at his mill in Saugatuck. 'Afterwards he permanently occupied his place, where he resided until 1875. Alfred Sirrine purchased a farm south of Mr. Thayer, and was one of his nearest neighbors.

Jabez Parish located 30 acres upon section 8, a portion of which he improved, but finally sold to a band of Indians who lived on and cultivated the land. Many of them were industrious and enterprising, and raised good crops. At the expiration of a few years they removed from the township.

Asa Estabrook came from Allegany Co., N. Y., in 1856, and remained in Allegan until 1861. He then removed to Pine Plains and purchased of L. S. Weaver 66 acres on section 15, upon which he built a house. Soon afterwards he enlisted as a soldier in the war for the Union. During this time his parents removed from the East and made the farm their home, Mr. Estabrook, Sr., having assisted his son in the purchase of the land. Their son-in-law, Mr. Valentine Youngs, also came at the same time, and located upon an adjoining farm. His life was terminated by an accident while engaged at labor. Mr. Asa Estabrook, after his return from the war, purchased 80 acres on section 13, upon which he lives.

Harvey Howe located on section 2 about the year 1852, and met a tragic death by the accidental falling of a tree upon him. C. C. Clark moved West from the State of New York in 1839, and settled at Mill Grove in 1855, when he purchased an interest in the saw-mill at that point.

H. C. Beverley, previously of Elmira, N. Y., located at Mill Grove in 1856, where he still resides. W. J. Shirley removed from Massachusetts in 1859, and purchased 100 acres on section 2, residing upon it until 1878, when he/ removed to Mill Grove.

The township was slowly settled, and on the occasion of the first election, held at the Pine Plains House, kept by T. S. Coates, but two ofBces were filled, from the fact that the population did not afford material for a full complement of officers. For some time after but eight electors presented themselves at the polls, and frequently a single individual would be burdened with official honors.

Several years elapsed after the first settlement of Pine Plains before the first school was opened. In 1853, a school district having been established on the fraction northeast of the Kalamazoo (then a part of Heath), Samuel Bigsby was awarded a contract for the construction of a school-house on section 12. On its completion a school was opened in it, with Miss Mercy Bigsby as the earliest teacher. Miss Bigsby, however, did not long occupy the position of a teacher. A severe illness proved fatal a few weeks after she began teaching, and Miss Martha Piatt became her successor, who soon established herself as a favorite with the little ones. It may be difficult to ascertain how much knowledge she imparted, but the devices she employed to amuse children, and the marvelous playhouses she erected, are still fresh in the recollection of her admirers.

There are now three whole and two fractional districts in the township, the board of directors being William J. Shirley, A. P. Randall, E. B. Estabrook, A. Muma, and G. W. Place. One hundred and seventy scholars are in daily attendance at the various schools, who are instructed by 5 teachers receiving annually, in salaries, the sum of $608. The school property of the township is valued at $2790.

Bukial-Places

BUKIAL-PLACES. Two cemeteries have been laid out in the township, one on the west line of section 12, and another near the western township-line of section 6. The former was purchased by the township of Maj. Heath in 1848, and was inclosed and improved by that gentleman. As it is the oldest of the two, many of the early settlers have found there a last restingplace, and it is now well-nigh filled with graves. A neat fence incloses it, and many handsome memorial stones remind the spectator of the pioneers of the township. The latter cemetery is comparatively new, and as yet but few interments have taken place within its borders.

Early Boads

The early records give no survey of highways prior to 1850, though roads were undoubtedly kid out and used before that time. The first surveyed road was that from Allegan to Saugatuck, which entered the township on section 28; ran thence northwestwardly, and left it at the

Mill Grove

MILL GROVE. The hamlet of Mill Grove is located on the townshipline between Allegan and Pine Plains, the business of the place being done principally in the former township, while the scanty population resides principally in the latter. It has had a store owned by Alonzo Vosburgh, which is closed, at least for the present. It possesses a blacksmith-shop connected with the mills, which occasionally does custom-work, a post-office (the present deputy being H. C. Beverly), a school building, and a few residences. The Grand Haven Railroad has a station at this point.

The founder of the hamlet and first settler was Levi M. Comstoek. He made a contract with Chester Wetmore, the date of which is not obtainable, by which he became the possessor of the land whereon the saw-mill now stands, and soon after erected a small mill with an upright saw. It was not very successful, and did but little business. The property was abandoned by Mr. Comstoek, and reverted to Mr. Wetmore. It was soon after sold to Harris & Fuller, who erected a mill, placed in it a circular saw, and ran it for a year, depending upon the land adjacent to the mill for their timber. A party named Wheeler purchased the interest of Mr. Fuller, and soon after that of Mr. Harris. His ownership ceased at the close of the second year, as the result of financial disaster.

John M. Heath, George P. Heath, and C. C. Clark next embarked in the enterprise, and added a shingle-mill, which proved a profitable investment. George P. Heath soon after retired, and the property finally came into the hands of Alonzo Vosburgh. Vosburgh, Harrington & Bo wen became the owners in 1861, but soon afterwards Mr. Vosburgh purchased the entire property. John M. Heath went into partnership with Mr. Vosburgh in 1864, the firm becoming for one season Vosburgh & Heath, after which the property was transferred to Cole & Dean. It reverted to Vosburgh & Heath, the latter of whom disposed of his interest to Alby Rossman. Messrs. Vosburgh & Rossman leased the property for a brief time to Messrs. Davis & Hooker, but in 1865, Mr. Vosburgh became, and has continued, sole proprietor. ^ He has since built two mills, the first of which was of very considerable dimensions, with a circular saw. Connected with it was a shingle-mill of large capacity, and also a lath-mill.

These mills were burned in 1872, and rebuilt the same season. Another conflagration, in 1873, consumed a vast amount of material, including a stave-, heading-, and planing-miU, and involved a loss of $30,000. The destroyed works were again rebuilt. The property now embraces a saw-mill, a shingle-mill, a heading- and planingmill, and a stave-mill, which, with the exception of the last 'named, are run by water. When the supply of the latter is insufficient steam-power is applied. The average capacity of the mill is 20,000 feet per day. During the active season 40 men are employed in the various departments of labor. Connected with the business is a farm of 1500 acres, 400 of which is improved. There is a large home demand for the products of the mills, though a

This church had its beginning in 1872, and as the number of worshipers increased the little band was attached to the Monterey charge. Preaching was at first held in the school-house, but an efibrt was later made to erect an edifice, and with so much success that $700 was subscribed, while Mr. Alonzo Vosburgh donated the sawing of all the material. The funds subscribed not having proved available, Mr. Vosburgh himself bore the expense of completing the edifice, and was given a mortgage of $1100 by the trustees to secure his investment. The class was then transferred to the Allegan charge, with which it is still connected. An efibrt was subsequently made to pay the mortgage, and, Mr. Vosburgh having consented to receive $800 in payment, the amount was raised. An accession of 60 members strengthened the church under the preaching of Rev. Mr. Edwards, who were received on probation. The present pastor is Rev. W. A. Hunsberger, of Allegan, and the trustees are Alonzo Vosburgh, B. Calkins, T. W. Sites. The present membership is 54.

Land Purchases

Samuel Foster, A. L. Cotton, Elias Streeter, J. P. Austin, Benjamin Eager, L. A. Daniels, John R. Kellogg, A. F. Lewis. Section 14. - Bought in 1835 and 1836 by William Page, Willard and

Section 20. - Bought from 1335 to 1855 by Samuel Hubbard, N. S. Pettengill, J. P. Woodbury, Silas Hubbard, G. W. Cummings, Thomas Cummings, Edwin Grauburger.

Section 26. - Bought from 1836 to 1855 by C. C. Trowbridge, Alanson Billings, Pliny Billings, William Flagg, Wm. Healy, Jr., Loren l/oughley, George Muma, Arvilla Ballou.

Section 28. - Bought from 1836 to 1855 by Sheldon and Burdick, John R. Kellogg, S. Edwards, D. M. Dunn, Fhineas Hoskins, Smith Beardman, Andrew Robinson, Charles Makepeace.

CIVIL LIST. The earliest township-meeting of the township of Pine Plains was held April 1, 1850, Eli Hathaway and M. Wood having been appointed inspectors of election and Edward Pratt clerk. Timothy Coates was elected supervisor and Eli Hathaway township clerk. No other oflScers were chosen. The remaining officers until the present time are as follows :

Mr. And Mes. Daniel G. Platt

In the quiet little town of Jackson, Susquehanna Co., Pa., devoting their time to instructing others in following the true path of life as laid down in the Good Book, lived the Rev. Daniel and his good wife Almira (Skinner) Piatt, the parents of Daniel G. Piatt, horn March 11, 1827. In the early settlement of Michigan the Rev. D. Piatt saw a wider field for labor in the good cause, and accordingly emigrated with his family to Allegan Co., Mich. Later, he removed to the north part of Allegan township, where he lived the remainder of his life, devoted to the service of his Master. Daniel G., becoming of age, located eighty acres in Heath township, since included within the township of Pine Plains, on section No. 1. Nov. 9, 1858, he married Mary Sophronia Tanner, whose parents, Joseph and Lydia (Kenyon) Tanner, came from Washington Co., N. Y., in 1845, and settled in the township of Monterey, both having since passed away. Daniel G. and Mary S. Piatt had unitedly put forth every eflFort to build up a home in the wilderness until March, 1865, when he was called to serve his country in the capacity of a soldier. Renting their little home, Mary with her two children, Warren Alson, born Dec. 8, 1859, and Elmor J., born Jan. 7, 1862, returned to her parents, intending to remain until peace should restore them to each other again in their home. But fate decreed otherwise. Mr. Daniel G. Piatt sickened and died at Newbern, N. C, May 10, 1865. To Mrs. Piatt there seemed but one course to pursue, that of devoting her life to the rearing of her orphaned children. She returned to the home now so desolate, and began the struggle bravely, the results of which are before us, - a wellimproved farm conducted by her sons, now grown to manhood, for whom we bespeak honorable places among their townsmen, all due to the untiring devotion of a mother.

William Peet

The subject of this sketch was born April, 1827, and is a native of Oneida Co., N. Y. His parents, John and Mary (Davis) Peet. were of English and Welsh extraction. In 1838 the family removed from Oneida to Cattaraugus County, same State, where William engaged in lumbering upon the Alleghany River, but in 1849 he returned to farming, also doing carpenter and joiner work. Feb. 11, 1852, he married Fidelia L. Vahue, daughter of Philip and Arminta (Gillett) Vahue, residents of Cattaraugus Co.,

N. Y. In October, 1854, he removed to Pine Plains township, and purchased a farm of eighty acres on section 11. This was then an unbroken wilderness, and after making a small payment on his purchase he erected a board shanty, 14 by 21, and entered upon the work of clearing and improving his farm. After remaining about one year, necessity compelled him to leave it and adopt some means which would enable him to make his payments. Accordingly, he rented a small place and chopped cord-wood for that purpose, and at the end of a year's time had made enough to get a deed of his place, and returned to it and the work of improving and clearing this land. Year after year the work went on, seemingly slow, but eventually resulting in a home, - such an one as their fancy had pictured, - which at this time is one of the finest in this township. He has also added ninety-five acres to his first purchase. Mr. Peet has served as justice of the peace for twenty years, also in minor offices, and is to-day one of the most enterprising and trustworthy citizens of Pine Plains. Mr. and Mrs. Peet are the parents of six children, viz. : Judson A., born Nov. 22, 1852; Aminta M., March 19, 1855 ; Mary E., Jan. 21, 1859 ; Edward C, Sept. 20, 1861 ; Flora M., March 30, 1868 ; John P., June 20, 1876. Upon another page of this work we give a view of the residence of Mr. Peet and his family, also portraits of himself and estimable wife.

Geogeaphy And Topography

This is one of the northern tier of townships of Allegan County, and is designated on the United States survey as township No. 4 north, in range 13 west. It is bounded on the east by Overisel, west by Dorr, north by Ottawa County, and south by Monterey.

Salem presents a great variety of surface, some portions of it being level and easily tilled, while considerable undulating ground is to be seen elsewhere, and in still other sections numerous lofty bluffs and deep ravines strike the eye of the spectator.

It does not boast a single lake, but many streams, a few of considerable magnitude, fertilize its territory. Black Creek flows through the northwest portion of the "township, and passes thence into Overisel. The two branches of Rabbit River, called respectively the Big and Little Rabbit Rivers, flow, the first from the southeast and the latter from the northeast, and unite on section 29, the combined stream leaving the township on the west line of section 30. Both of these streams afford much good water-power.

The soil of Salem is quite equal to the average land of the county, embracing sand loam and clay loam, with more or less of gravel. The districts formerly covered with a mixed growth of timber have a strong, rich soil, while a light sandy loam is the characteristic of those tracts where pine has principally flourished. The wheat-crop has generally been a satisfactory one, both as regards quantity and quality, and occasionally a small piece of land producing a yield which was almost phenomenal. Corn is also among the staples, and both oats and hay are profitably raised. The census of 1873 gives 1265 as the number of acres of wheat sown for that year, from which 18,353 bushels were harvested, while 801 acres of corn produced a yield of 29,977 bushels. Of other grains, 12,682 bushels were raised.

The timber of the township embraces many varieties. In the north are found beech, maple, black-walnut, butternut, and basswood. Many of these trees grow to an unusual size, and are a source of large revenue to the owners. The section in which pine has flourished borders on the Rabbit River and its tributaries. But the woodman has been busy in this locality, and the larger proportion of these gigantic oaks and pines have yielded to his sturdy blows.

The township boasts some of the best and most productive farms in the county, many of which are adorned with tasteful, and even elegant, residences. Among the various industries the keeping of bees deserves prominent mention. Several of the residents have become extensively engaged ^ in the business, and find that it well repays the time and labor expended upon it.

The number of farms in the township in 1876 was 136, which has been largely increased during the succeeding four years. A large proportion of the population is composed of Germans, whoso productive and well-maintained estates extend over most of the northern portion of Salem.

Section 1. - Bought from 1836 to 1865 by Z. L. Griswold, Benjamin Pratt, Albert Kruse, Joseph Alloock, Anthony Bender, David Schnable, John Staffes.