Jackson County, Minnesota - Biographical sketches, 1910 (part 9 of 13)

TOLLEF J. EGGE (1866) has spent the en- * tire forty-four years of his life in Jackson county, having been born in northern Dcs Moines township on the seventeenth day of March, 1866. His parents are John Johnson Egge and Ingebor (Evenson) Egge.

Tollef grew to manhood on his father's Christiania township farm, attending the district school and assisting with the farm work. At the age of twenty years he went to Wisconsin, spent one year there, and then moved to North Dakota, where he remained only one year. Returning, he worked as a farm hand two years and then married. After his marriage he engaged in farming rented land three years and in 1893vhe bought the south half of the northwest quarter of section 24, Weimcr township, moved onto the place and began the work of improving it. He now has a fine home and well improved farm. His Weimer township farm consists of 160 acres, and he also owns an eighty acre farm in Christiania, upon which he has a tenant.

The parents of our subject were born in Norway and came to America when young. The first husband of Mrs. Egge was Tollef Olson Slaabaken. They came to Jackson county with the vanguard of the Norwegian settlers and were living on the Des Moines river at the time of the massacre of 1862. Tollef Olson Slaabaken died in the army and his widow married John Johnson Egge. As a result of the second marriage six children were born, of whom the following four are living: Tollef, Marv, John and Theodor. Eli and Ella are the deceased children.

Tollef Egge was married in Jackson county September 7, 1890, to Mary Seines, who was born in Iowa June 24, 1866. To this union have been born three children: Ella, born February 10, 1894; Olga, born March 30, 1895; Eli, born August 31, 1896. The family are members of the Norwegian Lutheran church.

Mr. Egge has lield many offices of trust within the gift of his neighbors. In 1903 he served as a member of the board of county commissioners from the Fourth district. He has been chairman of the board of supervisors of Weimer, has been assessor and is now a school director.

WILLIAM G. MALCHOW (1873), cashier of the Farmers State Bank of Wilder, has spent his entire life in Jackson county, having been born in Heron Lake township May 1, 1873. He is the son of Charles and Christine (Kilen) Malchow, pioneer settlers of the county.

completing it in the academic department of the school at Wilder. After his school days, at the age of nineteen years, he began teaching school, which occupation he followed seven years. He then took a position as grain buyer for the firm of Thom & Christensen at Wilder and was so engaged three years. In 1902 he and his brother and father bought the controlling interest in the Farmers State Bank and since that date he has held the position of cashier.

Mr. Malchow is a man of family, having been married in Heron Lake township January 2, 1895, to Miss Christine Sether, a native of Blue Earth, Minnesota, and a daughter of Hans E. Sether, a Norw^egian Lutheran minister and an early settler of the county. To this union have been born four children: Evangeline C, born December 23, 1898; Vivian G., born July 16, 1900; Thelma, born December 1, 1904; Violet, born June 2, 1908.

MARTIN H. LEE (1865) owns and farms the northeast quarter of section 13, Des Moines township, which lies only a short distance to the north of the Jackson depot. He has been a resident of Jackson county ever since he was a baby two years old. He was bom in Dane county, Wisconsin, February 8, 1863, the son of Halvor B. and Martha (Hanseti) Lee, pioneer residents of the county.

Martin has grown to manhood in Jackson county. Until he was twenty -one years of age he resided on his father's old homestead in Des Moines township. For several years thereafter he worked out part of the time and farmed rented land part of the time. He bought his present farm in 1802, and has made all the improvements on the place. He is a breeder and raiser of sheep and horses and for the last eleven years has been engaged in buying grain and stock. Since buying his present farm he has resided alternately on it, in Jackson, and on the old homestead. He is the third child in a family of five living. He has never married.

PETER T. HANSON (1872) is the expert machinist and repair man employed by J. M. Johnson at Okabcna. According to the records, he is the second child bom in Weimer township, the date of his birth being June 22, 1872. He is the son of Otto and Annie (Lorncen) Hanson, natives of Norway, who were early settlers of Weimer township and who still live in that precinct.

Peter has always made his home in the county of his birth. He was brought up on the old homestead not far from the village of Heron Lake and he was educated in the public schools of that village. Until he was twenty-five years of age he lived on the farm with his parents. Then he married and located in Heron Lake, engaging in the shoe business in partnership with John Rafdal. He was a partner in the business until the spring of 1909, but all his time was not taken up with his duties in the store. He was janitor of the Heron Lake school building two years, was engineer on a steam dredge three years

Mr. Hanson sold his shoe business in May, 1909, haling accepted a position the first of the year with the Western Implement company in its branch at Okabena. He moved to Okabena and that has since been his home. The branch at Okabena was bought by J. M. Johnson in June, 1909, since which time Mr. Hanson has been in his employ. Mr. Hanson is a member of the Norwegian Lutheran church and of the M. W. A. lodge.

In Weimer township June 2, 1897, occurred the marriage of Mr. Hanson to Minnie Johnson, a native of Iowa, and a daughter of M. B. Johnson, of Weimer township. Seven children have been bom to Mr. and Mrs. Hanson, as follows: Odvion, Andrew, John, Palmer, Alta, Mildren and Maurice.

HENRY W. UDEN (1892) is one of the extensive farmers and stock raisers of Ewington township. He has a finely improved farm of 320 acres on sections 21 and 22, his stock sheds being rated among the best in Jackson county. He makes a specialty of raising full blooded Shorthorn cattle, Shropshire sheep and Poland China swine and deals in good grade horses. He is an extensive feeder and shipper.

Mr. Uden was born in Woodford county, Illinois, April 8, 1868, the son of George and Elizabeth (Jenson) Uden, of whom the former died two years ago at the age of eighty years, and the latter is living in Livingston county, Illinois. Henry was educated in the district schools of his native county and until he reached his majority resided on his father's farm. He then engaged in business for himself, farmini? rented land two years, and then taking charge of his father's farm, his parent having retired from active life for eight years. In 1889 Mr. Uden moved to Minonk, Illinois, and for three years was engaged in the mercantile business. He sold out in 1892 and located upon his farm in Ewington township, Jackson county, which he had bought before coming to the county. His farm first included only the northeast quarter of section 21, but eight years ago he added to his holdings by the purchase of the northwest quarter of section 22.

Amel Will, of Round Lake, was born to this union. The second marriage of Mr. Uden occurred in Woodford county in June, 1877, when he wedded Minnie Hendricks. Eleven children have been born to these parents, of whom the following nine are living: George, Rudolph, Theodore, Ellsworth, Herman, Henry, Wilbert, Amelia and Minnie. The family are members of the Grerman Lutheran church. Mr. Uden has been a member of the school board of district No. 99 for a number of years and is now the treasurer.

THOMAS MADDEN (1872), of Hunter township, residing a short distance west of Lakefield is an early day settler of the county. He was born at Racine, Wisconsin, August 17, 1861, the son of William and Rose (Gallagher) Madden, both natives of Lreland. His father died in 1868. His mother lives at Austin, Minnesota, and is 70 years of age. There are four children in the family.

Thomas Madden was eleven years of age when he and his mother first came to Jackson county in 1872. Until grasshopper times they made their home with Thomas' grandfather, John Gallagher, who had a homestead on section 6, Hunter township. When the hard times incident to the grasshopper invasion came our subject and his mother moved to Mason City, Iowa, where they resided several years. Returning, they took up their residence on the northeast quarter of section 6, Hunter township, which his mother had taken as a homestead in 1871 and to which she subsequently obtained title. Thomas received his education in Iowa and in the Jackson high school, which he attended several years. Our subject has lived on the homestead ever since returning to the county and he now owns the farm.

Mr. Madden was married at Oxford, Iowa, January 4, 1894, to Julia O'Connor, a native of the town in which she was married. She is the daughter of Patrick and Bridget O'Connor. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Madden, as follows: Thomas V., Rose M., Margaret E., Joseph. The family are members of the Catholic church.

lines of endeavor. His birthplace waa Fillmore county, Minnesota, where he first saw the light of day on October 25, 1869, the youngest child of Walter and Jane E. (Allen) Withers.

Walter Withers, the father, was one of the well known early settlers of Jackson county. He was a native of England and came to the United States at the age of sixteen years. He married Jane Allen and in an early day they located in Fillmore county, Minnesota. Mr. Withers served during the war of the rebellion in the Second Minnesota infantry and was wounded and discharged just before the expiration of his term of enlistment. The family came to Jackson county in June, 1870, and the father took a homestead claim on section two, Middletown township, just a short distance south of the village of Jackson. There the' family resided many years, when they moved to Jackson. Walter Withers died there March 3, 1907, aged 78 years. His wife died several years before.

Charles Withers was only eight months of age when he came to Jackson county with his parents. He received a country school education and lived on the farm until he attained his majority. Then moving to Jackson he began learning the butcher trade, working for Gruhljce & Brown six years. He then purchased the meat market now owned by H. W. Jackson and conducted it several years, being engaged in the ice business in connection with the shop. Selling out his interests in Jackson, he purchased farming property in North Dakota, and has since added to his land holdings in that state. He also owns village property on the east side of the river in Jackson. He is a member of the Odd Fellows and Woodmen lodges.

Mr. Withers was married in Enterprise township on April 5, 1898, to Mary Nissen daughter of C. P. and Mary Nissen, of Jackson. Mrs. Withers was bom in Chicago March 19, 1876.

GJERMUND T. JUVLAND (1870) has lived in Weimer township ever since he was twenty years of age and is one of the very earliest settlers of that precinct. He owns 240 acres of land in Weimer township and a quarter section in LaMoure county, North Dakota.

SusaDa (Fjone) Ju viand. He accompanied his parents from the old country when seventeen years of age and on June 16, 1867, arrived in the village of Red Wing, in Goodhue county, Minnesota. He lived on the farm with his parents there until 1870, and then accompanied them to Jackson county. The head of the family took as a homestead claim the northwest quarter of section 12, Weimer township, built a dugout, in which the family lived for a number of years, and established the permanent home there.

In the early days the family encoimtered many hardships, notably during the terrible grasshopper scourge, and young Juvland was brought up in the midst of poverty and pioneer surroundings. He did not marry and continued to make his home with his parents during their lifetime. His father died in 1873, at the age of 56 years, and our subject became the head of the family. His mother died in 1898, aged 81 years. With the exception of the year 1900, when he was in Heron Lake, Mr. Juvland has always lived on the old homestead. He is a member of the Norwegian Lutheran church.

JOHN J. EGGE, JR., (1872), Christiania township farmer, was born in that precinct and has spent his entire life there. He owns fifty acres of land on the west half of the southwest quarter of section 33, on the bank of Independence lake.

John J. Egge, Jr., was born May 14, 1872, and is the son of John J. and Ingebor Egge, natives of Norway. They came from their native land and located in Decorah, Iowa, where Mr. Egge, Sr., worked at the blacksmith trade. The family came to Jackson county in 1865 and took as a homestead claim the south half of the southwest quarter of section 32, Christiania, and on that place the father of our subject still lives in a log cabin erected in 1868. There were six children in this family, namely: Tollef, a Weimer township farmer, born March 17, 1866; Mary (Mrs. Knute Jackson), of Crookston, Minnesota; born November 16, 1867; John J., Jr.; Theodore, of Delafield township, born August 8, 1879; Ella, deceased, born February 1, 1869; Eli, deceased, born November 1, 1875.

1901; Elma, bom February 8, 1903; Carl, bom October 26, 1906. The family are members of the Lutheran church. He has served as a member of the township board three years and is a member of the. M. W. A. lodge.

RUDOLPH SCHOEWE (1883), in partnership with his brother, Theodore Schoewe, farms 400 acres of land in Kjmball township, the home place being the east half of section 2G. He is the son of Edward and Augusta Schoewe, who were born in Germany and who are now residents of Kimball township. The former came to America when_eleven years of age, lived in Carver county, Minnesota, with his father until twenty-one years of age, and then came to Jackson county and took as a homestead claim the southeast quarter of section 26, Kimball, where he has ever since lived. He is fifty-nine years of age. The other children of the family are Mary (Mrs. William Waswo), of Oklahoma, and Theodore.

Rudolph was born on the Kimball township homestead December 4, 1883, and has passed his entire life on that place. He secured an education in the district schools and worked for his father until the spring of 1908. At that time he and his brother rented the 400 acre farm and have since conducted it. They are extensive feeders of hogs and are making a success. The brothers are members of the German Lutheran church of Kimball.

JOHN AMBROSE (1884), Wisconsin township farmer and stockraiser, owns eighty acres in section 33, Wisconsin, and eighty acres in section 4, Petersburg. He is a native of Austria and was born August 8, 1861, the son of Paul and Mary Ambrose.

In 1874 our subject came to America with his parents and located at DeSoto, Iowa, where he received his education. In April, 1884, Mr. Ambrose came to Jackson county with bis parents, with whom he continued to reside on the farm until he was twenty-seven years of age. He married in 1889 and then began farming for himself on a place one mile east of the Jackson depot. A little later he bought a farm one mile south of the present location

In addition to his farming Mr. Ambrose has other business interests. He owns stock in the Farmers Cooperative elevator and in the Alpha Creamery association. He is a Methodist and a member of the M. W. A. and Z. C. B. J. of Jackson.

HENRY J. HOOVEL (1865), proprietor of a hardware store at Jackson, is one of the pioneer settlers of the county, having made his home here since he was five years of age. He is the son of John C. and Sophia (Holden) Hoovel, of Petersburg township, and he was born in Wiota, Wisconsin, October 18, 1860.

Henry accompanied his parents in their overland trip to Jackson county in the spring of 1865. His father homesteaded a quarter section of land in Petersburg township, and on that farm Henry lived until he was twenty-one years of age, assisting with the farm work and attending the district school. He left the farm and moved to Jackson in 1881, and during the next five years clerked in a general merchandise store. In 1886 he bought a half interest in the hardware store of H. G. Anderson and for three years was in the hardware business, the firm name being Anderson & Hoovel.

Disposing of his interest in the hardware store in 1889, Mr. Hoovel bought a half interest in the general store of 0. E. Olsen and for the next six years he had charge of the store, which was conducted under the name of Olsen & Hoovel. He sold out in 1895 and again went into the hardware business, forming a partnership with Louis Iverson under the firm name of Hoovel & Iverson. Three years later he bought out his partner and has since conducted the business alone.

Jackson village council. He is a member of the Lutheran church and of the Masonic order. He was married at Spring Valley, Minnesota, December 24, 1885, to Caroline Kummer.

JOHN L. REEVES (1894) is a Weimer township farmer and resides two miles southeast of Heron Lake, his 210 acre farm being located on the bank of Heron lake. On his farm is located one of the club houses conducted by hunters who come to the lake during the shooting season.

Mr. Reeves was born in Cuyahoga county, Ohio, February 23, 1854. At the age of two years he accompanied his parents to Tazewell county, Illinois^ and there spent his boyhood days. At the age of seventeen he accompanied the family to Champaign county, of the same state, and there he made his home on his father's farm until 1877. That year he moved to Primghar, Iowa, where he learned the carpenter's trade and where he resided, working at his trade, until the year 1894. Mr. Reeves came to Jackson county in 1894, bought eighty acres of his present farm, and has ever since been engaged in farming. He added to his holdings later by the purchase of the fractional 130 acres on the bank of the lake.

Our subject is the pldest of a family of four children. His parents, Horace E. and Harriett N. (Sill) Reeves, were both Jiatives of Jefferson county. New York. They moved to Ohio when children and were married in that state. In 1856 they moved to Illinois and lived in that commonwealth until 1902, when they also came to Jackson county. The father died in Jackson county September 25, 1904, aged 77 years; the mother now lives with a daughter in St. Paul.

Mr. Reeves is a man of family, having been married in Weimer township October 31, 1892, to Emnm E. Wood, a native of Mechanicsville, New York, and a daughter of L. C. Wood, an early Jackson county settler. Two children have been born to this union: Helen L. and Elizabeth. Mr. Reeves is a member of the Knights of Pythias lodge.

OSCAR A. LARSON (1893) is one of the extensive and successful farmers of Delafield township. He rents 640 acres of land on sections 20, 19 and 30^ all except forty acres of which is owned by his father-in-law, John Esklund. He engages in stock raising extensively, having over one hundred head of cattle, besides herds of hogs and horses.

Mr. Larson is a native of Sweden and was born August 21, 1873. His father, Lars Erick Erickson, lives on a farm in the old country; his mother, Ingeborg Katharina , (Nelson) Erickson, died in Sweden in December, 1893. Oscar was brought up on a farm and was educated in the country schools of his native land, where he lived until ^e was nineteen years of age. He emigrated to America in the spring of 1893, and for a few months lived in Carleton county, Minnesota. In the fall of 1893 he came to Jackson county. The first two and one-half years of his residence in this county were spent working on the farm of his future' father-in-law, John Esklund, in Delafield township. During the next few vears he worked as a farm hand in the vicinity of Windom. He made a six months' visit to his old home in Sweden in 1898, and returning began working at the painting and paperhanging trade in Windom and was so engaged three years. In the spring of 1902 Mr. Larson rented John Esklund's farm and has since conducted it.

At Windom on July 11, 1902, Mr. Larson was united in marriage to Jennie Esklund, daughter of John and Johanna Esklund, who were pioneer settlers of Delafield township. To Mr. and Mrs. Larson have been bom three children, as follows: Nellie Geneva, bom September 30, 1903; Alfred Alexander, born January 15, 1906; Leonard Jennings, born December 16, 1908.

JOHN A. ANDERSON (1886) is a solicitor for the Woodmen Casualty company and resides at Lakefield. He was born in Norway October 6, 1866, and is the next youngest child in the family of Andrew Johnson and Catherine (Peterson) Johnson. The other children of the family are Jennie, of Belvidere, Illinois, and Johannes and Peter, who still reside in the old country.

John was educated in his native land and resided on his father's farm until twenty years of age. He came to America in 1886 and located in the village of Jackson. Five years later he became a resident of Lakefield, where he has since made his home. During the first eight years* of his residence in the new world and in Jackson county Mr. Anderson worked on the railroad. Then he started a restaurant and confectionery store in Lakefield, which he conducted until July, 1908. Selling out at that time, he took a position with the Woodmen Casualty company, and has since been engaged in securing members for the order. He has served two terms as a member of the Lakefield village council and holds membership in the following fraternal orders: I. O. O. F., M. W. A., Royal Neighbors, Encampment and Rebekalis.

Mr. Anderson was married in Lakefield Februray 22, 1893, to Nellie Hauge, a native of that village. To them have been born two children, Gertie and Myrtle.

JENS QUINBY (1890) is the manager of and one of the largest stockholders in the Gilbert Mercantile company's store at Petersburg. He is a native of Norway and was born November 1, 1868, the son of Isaac and Dorothy (Holden) Quinby. His father is living; his mother died June 13, 1903.

Jens secured a common school education in his native country and lived there until be reached his majority. He came to the United States and to Jackson county May 10, 1890, and for fifteen years engaged in farming in Petersburg township. He then sold his farm and engaged in the general merchandise and machine business in the little hamlet of Petersburg, buying a controlling interest in the Gilbert Mercantile company. Besides this business he has stock in the Petersburg Oeamery company and in the Jackson Telephone company. He owns a house and lots in Petersburg and forty acres on section 27. He is a member of the Lutheran church and of the Sons of Norway lodge.

Mr. Quinby was married September 24, 1896, to Esther Gilbert, who was born September 24, 1872. To this union have been bom the following named children: Dena M., bom September 4, 1899; Mina L., bom October 25, 1901; Harry E., bora August 28, 1906.

CLEMENT STENZEL (1877), farmer and land owner of LaCrosse township, has been a resident of Jackson county since he was three years of age. He was born in Austria November 16, 1874, the second of a family of nine children bom to Frank and Maria (Schaf-

H. Henry Hughes Raymond Bartosch

Clement came to America with the family in 1877 and until he was twenty-seven years of age resided on his father's farm on section 8, Weimer. Then he bought a farm of his own on section 1, LaCrosse, and has since been engaged in farming it. He has made all the improvements on the place. He is a member of the Catholic church and of the M. W. A. lodge. He has held the office of treasurer of school district No. 44 for five years and is one of the supervisors of LaCrosse township.

Mr. Stenzel was married at Heron Lake November 8, 1900, to Sabina Pieschel, a native of LaCrosse township and a daughter of Frank Pieschel, one of the early settlers and still a resident of that precinct. Two children have been boni to Mr. and Mrs. Stenzel, Harold and Alfred.

OLE AMUNDSON (1881) is a West Heron Lake township farmer who owns the northwest quarter of section 30, upon which he has resided twenty years. He was born in Norway December 15, 1859, and is one of a family of six living children bom to Amund and Mary (Nelson) Amundson. His father is dead; his mother lives in the old country and is 82 years of age.

Ole lived in Norway and worked on farms until he was twenty-one years of age. He came from the old country direct to Jackson county in 1881. The first two years of his life in the new world were spent as a section hand, working out of Heron Lake and Okabena. He then married and rented a farm on section 24, Alba township, and began farming. Six years later he bought a homestead right to his present farm, proved up on it, improved the place, and has ever since made his home there.

Jackson county was the place and May 15, 1883, was the date of the marriage of Mr. Amundson. He was wedded to Jennie Olson, who was born in Norway February 3, 1852. Two children, Alfred and Hans, have been bom to this union, both assisting their father In conducting the farm. The family are members of the Norwegian Lutheran church of Heron Lake.

THOMAS H. STALL (1865), senior member of the Jackson mercantile firm of T. H. Stall & Co., is forty -four years of age and has spent his entire life in Jackson county. He was born on section two, Des Moines township, on October 31, 1865, the son of Oliver and Helen (Hansen) Stall. These parents were born in Norway and came to the United State* when young. They were married in Illinois and in the spring of 1865, immediately after the discharge of Oliver Stall from a three years* service in the union army, they came to Jackson county. The head of the family took as a homestead claim the northeast quarter of section 2, Des Moines township, making the filing in May, 1865. A census of the county, taken two months after his arrival, showed a total population for Jackson coxmty of 233. Oliver Stall continued to farm his original homestead until 1906, when be retired from active life and is now enjoying the fruits of a well spent and hard working life at the age of seventy years. Our subject's mother died in the fall of 1876. They were the parents of four children, of whom the three following are living: Thomas H., of this sketch, Martina (Mrs. Jake Johnson), of Windom, and Hans M. Stall, who resides upon the old homestead.

Thomas H. Stall lived with bis parents on the farm until he reached his majority. He attended the country schools and completed his education in the Jackson high school. At the age of twenty-one years he bought a farm in Belmont township and conducted it five years. He the^ moved to Jackson and entered the employ of J. W. Cowing and clerked in that gentleman's store five years. At the end of that time he bought an interest in the store and remained with the firm two years. In 1899 he formed a partnership with H. E. Anderson and 0. A. Husby and opened a general store in the building in which he is still located. The firm carries a line of general merchandise, dry goods, groceries, clothing and shoes.

Mr. Stall is a member of the Lutheran chiu-ch and of the E. F. U. and M. W. A. lodges. He has three sons and two daughters, namely: Norin, Tilford, Theodore, Hazel and Ruth.

lake, on section 4, Belmont township, for forty-three years. He was born in Norway December 23, 1823, the son of Hans Ellingson and Anna (Asskerd) Ellingson.

Mr. Hanson resided in his native land until he was past thirty -two years of age. He came to America in 1856, arriving in the city of Chicago on the nation's birthday. He located in Hock county, Wisconsin, which was his home until his arrival to the wilds of Jackson coxmty. Upon the breaking out of the civil war Mr. Hanson enlisted as a member of company I, of the 22nd Wisconsin volunteer infantry, and served until his discharge on July 9, 1865. During his army service he was injured in a train wreck in Virginia, and drew a pension on account of his injuries.

After his discharge from the army, Mr. Hanson spent one winter in his old home in Wisconsin. In June, 1866, he arrived in the county of Jackson and homesteaded the northwest quarter of section 4, Belmont township, where he resided until his death on December 15, 1909. He built a little cabin on Independence lake, in which he lived until he built the present house. He experienced all the vicissitudes of pioneer life and had many trials to contend with. In his younger years he took part in the local affairs of his precinct and served as a member of the board of supervisors.

Mr. Hanson was married in Jackson county in June, 1872, to Maret Larson, who was born on board ship off the Newfoundland banks while her parents were on the way to the new world from Norway. She died in October, 1907, aged 51 years* Fifteen children were bom to Mr. and Mrs. Hanson, of whom the following eight are living: Mary Ann, Hans T., Elesias, Mondus, Julius, Thore, Tina and Lena.

JOSEPH E. FRITSCHER (1897) is a Weimer township farmer who resides a short distance northeast of Heron Lake. He is an Austrian by birth and first saw the light of day on the last day of October, 1870. He is the second child of a family of four children bom to Joseph Fritscher, who makes his home with his son, and Theresa (Hruby) Fritscher.

When fourteen years of age Joseph emigrated to the new world with his parents and from 1884 to 1897 was a resident of Murray county, living near Fulda. He resided at home until his mother*s death, which occurred in

1887; then he started in life for himself and until 1802 was employed on farms in the vicinity of his home. He married in 1892 and for the next five years farined a rented place in Murray county. Mr. Fritscher came to Jackson county in 1897, and during the next eight years engaged in farming rented land in LaCrosse township.

It was while a resident of LaCrosse township - on Louis Hager*s farm - on the thirtieth of June, 1903, that the terrible cyclone (the story of which is given in the historical section) swept over his place killing his wife and two children and injuring several others of the family. His wife and one child were killed instantly and the second child died a fe'w hours later. Mr. Fritscher was in the house at the time and was blown a distance of ten rods into the grove, but was not, seriously injured. His father was quite badly hurt, but the other children escaped. The buildings were carried away and demolished.

In 1905 Mr. Fritscher moved to Kansas, but a year later returned to Jackson county and rented the Frank Nimerfroh farm, where he lias since resided. Mr. Fritscher is a member of the Catholic church and of the Catholic Order of Foresters.

Air. Fritscher*s first marriage occurred at Avoca, Minnesota, October 15, 1892, when he wedded Theresa Schwager, who was born in Austria October 5, 1874. She was killed in the cyclone of June 30, 1903. Six children were born to this union, as follows: Aurelia, who met death in the cyclone; Theresa, Henry, Arthur, Agnes and Mary, who was also killed in the cyclone of June 30, 1903.

The second marriage of Mr. Fritscher occurred in Heron Lake in June, 1904, when he wedded Mrs. Amelia Haberman-Pieschel, to whom three children have been bom, as follows: Amelia, deceased; Alphonse and Alfred.

EDWARD E. OLSON (1869), a Jackson grain buyer, was born in Belmont township forty years ago, on December 6, 1869, and with the exception of a few years spent in Cottonwood county has spent his entire life in the county. His father, Ole E. Olson, came from Sweden when thirteen years old, and at the age of nineteen enlisted in the United States army and fought for the preservation of the union. He located in Belmont township in the sixties and took as a homestead a piece of land that had been taken by one of the settlers who was killed in the massacre of J 862. He was a resident of Belmont township until his death. Our subject's mother was Clu'istina (Anderson) Olson, who was present at the time of the massacre.

Edward Olson, who was one of a family of eight children, lived with his parents until 1890. He worked on the farm and received an education in the district school and in the Breck school at Wilder. He bought a farm in Cottonwood county in 1890 and for eight years lived there, engaged in farming. Selling out in 1898, he located in Jackson and built an elevator in partnership with Lee Brothers, which they conducted three years. Thereafter Mr. Olson bought grain for the Hyde Elevator company five years, for James Lowe one year and since that time for M. H. Lee. Mr. Olson owns a home in the village. He is a member of the Lutheran church.

In Des Moines township March 20, 1897, Mr. Olson was married to Emma J. Lee, a daughter of Oliver Lee and a native of the township in which she was married. Two children, Hayes and Clark, have been bom to Mr. and Mrs. Olson.

EDWIN SMITH (1869), mail carrier on route three out of Jackson, has been a resident of the county since he was one year, old, and is the son of one of the very early settlers of the county. His parents, John J. and Annie (Fields) Smith, were both born in New York state, but located in Wisconsin before the war and were married in Dane county of that state. John J. Smith is a veteran of the civil war, having enlisted in company K of the First Wisconsin regiment and later becoming a member of the Thirty-fifth Wisconsin regiment. He took part in the battles of Gettysburg, Bull Run and other important engagements. In the spring of 1866 the family came to Jackson county and took a homestead claim on section 32, Wisconsin township. After a two years* residence in the frontier country they returned to Wisconsin, but two years later again moved to Jackson county. Mr. Smith now lives in Jackson and is 73 years of age. Mrs. Smithy our subject's mother, died fifteen years ago.

day of August, 1868, Edwin Smith was bom to these parents, the next to the eldest of a family of six children. One year after his birth Edwin was brought to Jackson county by his parents, a county which has ever since been his home. He was brought up on the farm and until his mother died he lived at home. After reaching mature years he engaged in farming on his own account and followed that occupation until six years ago. In 1898 he bought six acres of land in the south part of Jackson, where he now lives. In 1901 Mr. Smith received the appointment of rural mail carrier from the Jackson o^ice and has been so engaged since, now ranking as the oldest carrier in point of service in Jackson county. Mr. Smith is a member of the Odd Fellows lodge.

FRANK J. PRIBYL (1886) farms the southeast quarter of section 20, Hunter township, which he rents from his father. He was bom on that farm June 4, 1886, and has always made his home there. He is the son of Albert and Mary (Koranda) Pribyl, now residents of Jackson. They were born in Bohemia and after their arrival to America resided in the city of Chicago and a little later came to Jackson county. The head of the family bought the farm in Hunter township where his son now lives, and that was his home until he moved to Jackson.

Frank attended the district schools and grew to manhood on the farm. Until he was twenty-three years of age he worked for his father; then his parents took up their residence in town, and since that time Frank has conducted the home farm. He is unmarried and makes his home with his sister, Mary Pribyl. His brothers and sisters are Mary, Aggie, Bessie, Jerry, Wesley, August, Charlie and Joseph.

HENRY W. AHRENS (1890) is one of the successful young farmers of West Heron Lake township, in which precinct he owns the northwest quarter of section 21 and all of section 16 south of the Milwaukee railroad. He farms all his land and engages quite extensively in stock buying and shipping.

January 7, 1873. Henry accompanied his parents to the United States at the 9,ge of seven years and lived with the family in Will county, Illinois, until they came to Jackson county. They arrived here in 1890 and until lie was twenty- four years of age he lived on the home farm - the northeast quarter of section 19, West Heron Lake township - working for his father. At that age he married, bought the land on section 21, and engaged in farming. Nine years later he moved to Okabena and for two years was engaged in the stock business. Then he returned to the farm, and that has ever since been his home. He bought the property on section 16 in 1901. In addition to his farm property he owns a house and several lots in Okabena.

At the German Lutheran church on section 18, West Heron Lake township, on November 12, 1897, occurred the marriage of Mr. Ahrens to Alvena Lick, who was born in Germany July 28, 1879, and who came to Aiherica with her parents in 1881. Her father died in Host township July 7, 1902; her mother now resides with her daughter. Mr. and Mrs. Ahrens have no children of their own, but they have an adopted daughter, Doris, born July 7, 1901. Mr. and Mrs. Ahrens are members of the German Lutheran church and he is trea.surer of the church society. He is also interested in the West Heron Lake Farmers Telephone company.

AUGUST POHLMAN (1884) is one of the successful farmers of Weimer township and he has been a resident of Jackson county a quarter of a century - ever since he was a boy thirteen years of age. He owns the southeast quarter of section 36 and a half interest in 177 acres of land in section 6, Heron Lake township. In addition to his own land Mr. Pohlman faims 240 acres of rented land.

August Pohlman is a native of Hausbergen, Westfallen, Germany, and was born May 6, 1871. His father was Carl Pohlman, who came from Germany in 1884 and who was a resident of Jackson county until his death, which occurred in 1901. Our subject's mother is Christina (Gieselman) Pohlman, who makes her home with her son, Herman Pohlman, near the eastern shore of Heron lake. August was brought up in a little village where he was born and began his schooling in his native land. When thirteen years of age he accompanied his parents to America and the family came direct to Jackson county, arriving on the 6th day of April, 1884. The head of the family bought an eighty acre farm on section 8, Heron Lake township, and engaged in farming. On this farm August lived seven years, completing his education in the district schools and assisting with the farm work. When his father located on section 2, West Heron Lake township, in 1891 August accompanied him and continued to make his home with his parents until 1895.

Mr. Pohlman bought and located upon his present farm in Weimer township in 1895, where he has ever since resided. The farm was unimproved when he took up his residence there, and the improvements the place now has are the results of Mr. Pohlman's labors. He set out the grove and erected all the buildings and has brought the place up to its present standard. In addition to his general farming ]Mi'. Pohlman engages extensively in raising stock and has large herds, including a fine flock of sheep. He also has other business interests. He is a stockholder and director of the First National Bank of Lakefield and has stock in the Farmers Bank of Wilder. He is a director of the Sontag Lumber company of Heron Lake, and has stock in the Jackson County Cooperative company's store of Lakefield, in the Farmers Elevator company of Lakefield and in the Wilder Creamery company. For seven years Mr. Pohlman was clerk of school district No. 30 and he served as a supervisor of Weimer township two years.

Mr. Pohlman was married in West Heron Lake township February 15, 1894, to Amanda Hoger, who was bom in Rolasin, Germany, October 13, 1875, and who came to the United States and to Jackson county in 1893, arriving on July 3. She is the step -daughter of August Lietzow, and her mother is Bertha (Hoger) Lietzow. To Mr. and Mrs. Pohlman have been bom two children, as follows: Emma, bom April 18, 1896; Zelma, born Febmary 28, 1906. Mr. and Mrs. Pohlman are members of the German Lutheran church of Heron Lake township, and Mr. Pohlman has served as one of the trustees of the church for the last six vears.

born in Holstein, Germany, October 2, 1858. His parents were John Kuhlman and Katie (Hamann) Kuhlman, who died in their native land in 1872 and 1883, respectively.

Martin was brought up on a farm and made his home in Germany until 1882. That year he came to the new world and located in Scott county, Iowa, where he resided until 1887, working out on farms. In March, 1887, he came to Jackson county and rented a farm in Sioux Valley. After conducting that five years he bought his present farm - then raw prairie, absolutely unimproved - and has since made his home on it. His home place is the northwest quarter of section 24 and he owns also the south half of the southwest quarter of section 13. Mr. Kuhlman has served as director and treasurer of school district No. 77 for several years. He is a member of the Sons of Hermann lodge of Sioux Valley.

Mr. Kuhlman was married at Spirit Lake, Iowa, May 17, 1888, to Selma Wellhausen, daughter of Ernst Wellhausen. She died May 24, 1901, having been the mother of tve children: Otto, Willie, .Eddie, Charlie and Leonora. The second marriage of Mr. Kuhlman occurred in Jackson October 22, 1902, when he wedded Annie Rohr, who was born in Holstein, Germany, April 5, 1878, and who came to the United States in 1881.

OTIS M. ASHLEY (1870), proprietor of a transfer line in Jackson, has been a resident of that village from the time when he was less than one year old. He is the son of the late Benjamin W. and Juliet (Robbins) Ashley, pioneer settlers of Jackson. While his mother, who had come to Jackson county several years before, was visiting at her old home in Mainesburg, Pennsylvania, on the eiglvteenth day of November, 1869, Otis M. Ashley was born.

The spring following his birth he was brought to the home in Jackson county. Otis was educated in the Jackson public schools and grew to manhood in that village. At the age of twenty years he went to Duluth and for one year worked in a meat market. Returning to Jackson, he worked one year in an elevator and then for two years drove the mail and passenger bus for his father. At the end of that time he bought the bus line and has ever since conducted it. In addition to this business he clerked in the hotel several years during the time his father was the proprietor. For

Mr. Ashley was married February 28, 1907, to Stella May Crane, a native of Iowa, and a daughter of the late V. B. Crane, at one time publisher of the Jackson County Pilot and later postmaster of Jackson.

0. T. FLATGARD (1869) is one of the successful farmers and stock raisers of Christiania township and has lived in Jackson county since he was six years of age. He is the son of T. O. and Ingebor (Valden) Flatgard, of Belmont township, and was born in Norway April 23, 1863.

At the age of five years our subject accompanied his parents to America. The family lived in Fillmore county, Minnesota, one year and arrived in Jackson county in June, 1869. His father took a homestead on section 14, Belmont, and on that farm O. T. Flatgard grew to manhood. He moved onto his present farm, the southwest quarter of section 23, Christiania, in 1906. He owns the quarter section and makes a specialty of raising Shorthorn cattle. Mr. Flatgard owns stock in several business enterprises, including the First National Bank of Windom, the Farmers State Bank of Windom, the Farmers Elevator company of Windom, and the Christiania Mercantile company of Bergen. He is a member of the Norwegian Lutheran church.

Mr. Flatgard was married April 4, 1887, to Johanna Lean. To these parents seven children have been born, namely: Theodore, bom May 14, 1888; Inga, born February 12, 1890; Julia, born January 5, 1892; Anna, born September 4, 1894; John, born November 13, 1899; Oscar, bom April 13, 1903; Odin, born August 27, 1905.

GEORGE H. WOOD (1899), deceased, late proprietor of the Wood hotel at Lakefield, was bom in Erie county, New York, May 24, 1852, the son of George W. and Martha (Stocker) Wood, natives of England and Connecticut, respectively. Three years after his birth the family moved to Illinois, resided there two years, and then returned to the Empire state.

(Jeorge was reared in the family of an uncle and lived in New York until 1866. He then came west and until 1869 lived on his father's farm near Rochester, Minnesota. For a short time he lived in South Dakota, and in 1872 or 1873 moved to Mower county, Minnesota, where for several years he engaged in farming in partnership with a brother. He took a Iiomestead in Richland county, North Dakota, in 1878 and resided on it until 1884. Returning to Mower county, Mr. Wood bought a farm and engaged in agricultural pursuits several years. He next went to Dexter, Minnesota, where he engaged in grain buying two years and in the hotel business several years. Mr. Wood located in Lakefield in 1899 and bought the leading hotel there from Winter Brothers. Two years later he built the brick front and established one of the finest hotels in southwestern Minnesota. He conducted the hotel until his death, which occurred in the spring of 1909.

During his residence in Lakefield Mr. Wood served a part of the time as a member of the village council. He was a member of the Masonic order, of the Elks, Workmen, Modem Woodmen, Modern Brotherhood and Yeomen.

Mr. Wood was married at Grand Meadow, Mower county, Minnesota, February 23, 1882, to Ella Funderhide, a native of Rochester, Minnesota, and a daughter of John M. and Amelia M. Funderhide. Four children were bom to Mr. and Mrs. Wood,. as follows: John H., Martha I. (Mrs. Frank Marrs), of Wolford, North Dakota; Mary E. and Grace A.

JOHN O. HOFTx^ND (1872) is one of the prosperous farmers and stock raisers of Delafield township, owning 280 acres of land on sections 14, 12 and 13 and farming a rented tract in addition to his own land. He is quite an extensive feeder of cattle and has a herd of 300 sheep.

Mr. Hofland is a native of Norway and was bom in March, 1866, the youngest of a family of three children born to Ole and Christie (Hagen) Hofiand. The family came to America and to Jackson county in 1872 and the father of our subject took as a homestead claim the north half of the northeast quarter of section 14, Delafield township, the present home of our subject. The father of our subject died on the place May 2, 1896, aged 68 years. The mother, who is now eighty years of age, lives on the farm with her son. The other members of the family are Carrie, who makes her home with her brother, and Susie (Mrs. Andrew Xx)ken), of Delafield township.

John 0. Hofland was only six years of age when he came to Jackson county with his parents in 1872. He grew to manhood on the farm he now conducts and was educated in Jackson county. Until his father's death in 1896 he worked for his parents; then he took charge of the place and has since managed it, having added to the original farm by purchase. Mr. Hofland is unmarried.

CHARLES H. WASHBURN (1883) is one of the successful farmers of Wisconsin township and owns a 100 acre farm on sections 18 and 8. He descends from old American stock of English ancestry. According to family tradition a member of the family was one of the passengers of the Mayflower. The ancestry is traced direct back to Hope Washbum, who was bom in 1750, married Tabitha Ward of Scotch descent, in 1774, and died in 1827. He had seventy grandchildren. The parents of our subject were Lorenzo and Caroline (Mc- Lean) Washburn, both bom in Jay- township, Essex county, New York, and both dying there.

To these parents Charles H. Washburn was born in Essex county. New York, on the 2l8t day of January, 1843. He made his home on his father*s farm until twenty-six years of age; then he moved to Chicago and that city was his home for a number of years. He came to Jackson county in 1883 and bought the southeast quarter of section 8, Wisconsin township, from the state, paying $1,200 for the quarter. He lived on the farm a few years and then took up his residence in Jackson. He moved onto his present farm in 1901, but has moved back and forth between the faniT and town several times. He owns village property in addition to his farming lands. While a resident of Jackson Mr. Washburn served on the village council, and has held the oflice of treasurer of school district' No. 1. He is a member of the M. B. A. lodge.

Mr. Washburn was married at Au Sable Forks, Essex county, New York, June 27, 1882, to Anna Lewis, who was born in Essex county February 18, 1844. Her father was John Lewis and her mother is Jane (Forker) Lewis, who still lives in Essex county and is 92 years of age. Two children were bom to Mr. and Mrs. Washburn, both of whom have died. They were Lewis L., who died at the age of eight years, and Jane, who died in infancy.

FRANK E. DAY (1895), a retired business man of Heron Lake, was born in Salem, Ohio, August 8, 1865, the son of William A. and Nancy (Heisler) Day. At the age of . two years he moved witli his parents to Newton, Iowa, and there he lived eighteen years, receiving an education in the Newton schools.

In 1883 Mr. Day moved to Marcus, Iowa, and for the next twelve years was engaged in farming. He moved to Heron Lake in December, 1890, bought the machine business of P. D. McKellar, and was engaged in that business many years. He sold a half interest to F. J. Appel in 1903 and in December, 1904, sold the rest of his interests to the same gentleman. During the time of his residence in Jackson county Mr. Day was the traveling representative of the Northwest Thresher company for one year and for two years served as boiler inspector for Jackson and Cottonwood counties. He is a member of the K. P. and M. B. A. lodges.

Mr. Day was married in November, 1889, to Miss Anna A. Cobb, who was born in Belle Plaine, Benton county, Iowa, in November, 1886. They are the parents of the following children: Jessie, J. Frank, Leslie, Elmer, J. William. Four children have died.

JOHN P. EGGE (1865), who owns and farms 200 acres of land on sections 22 and 15, Belmont township, has resided on his present farm forty-four years - ever since he was three years of age. His house is on the north half of the northwest quarter of section 22 - historic ground because of its connection with the Belmont massacre of 1862. Here on that memorable 24th day of August, 1862, Mrs. Knute Langeland and her children were murdered by the bloodthirsty Sioux.

John P. Egge was born on the eighth day of November, 186^, near the site of the present city of Yankton, South Dakota, his parents being Peter and Ambger Egge. These parents were bom and married in Norway and came to the United States in 1861. They resided one year in Fillmore county, Minnesota, and then pushed out onto the extreme frontier, selecting a homestead in the midst of the Indian country near Yankton. Because of the hostility of the Indians they were forced to abandon their claim in 1865 and located in Jackson county, which was then considered reasonably safe from the ravages of the redskins. Upon their arrival Mr. Egge filed on the north half of the northwest quarter of section 22, Belmont, as a homestead claim, and there he resided, engaged in farming until his death, which occurred in 1888 at the age of 69 years. Mrs. Egge is living at the age of 84 years, making her home with a daughter in Heron Lake. There are the following living children of this family: Sarah Halverson, Rosa Peterson, Anna Egge, John P. Egge, Tollef Egge, Sarah Johnson, Ida Tollefson, Christie Twinsberg.

Our subject came to Jackson county with his parents in 1865, and until his father's death in 18^, assisted in the management of the home farm. Then he bought the two hundred acres he now owns and has been engaged in farming since. Besides general farming he is quite a feeder of hogs and cattle. He has held a school office ever since he was twenty-one years of age and is now clerk of district No. 123. He has also served as township supervisor. He is a member of the Norwegian Lutheran church.

Mr. Egge was married on the old Belmont homestead September 12, 1897, to Ida Iverson, who was born in Norway May 15, 1871, and came to the United States in 1895. She is the daughter of Bringel and Sophia Iverson, of Belmont township. To them have been born the following named five children: Bennie, bom March 22, 1899; Annie, born April 5, 1900; Helen, born August 17, 1902; Clarence, born July 19, 1904; Edwin, born December 1, 1907.

VINCENT BEZDTCEK (1888), a farmer of Hunter township, was born in Bohemia January 12, 1884, the son of Frank and Francika (Bezdicek) Bezdicek. When an infant he came to America with his parents, lived with them a short time in Nebraska and in Lyon county, Iowa, and then in 1888 came with the family to Jackson county.

Vincent received his education in Jackson county and was brought upon his father's farm. After his mother's death, which occurred in 1903, the home farm - the northwest quarter of section 13 - became the property of the children. Vincent has been farming the place on his own account since 1907. He has been a director of school district No. 15 for the past two years. He is a member of the Catholic church of Jackson and of the Catholic Western Union.

Mr. Bezdicek was married at Jackson September 17, 1907, to Annie Dvorak. She was born in Jackson county August 14, 1889, the daughter of the late Frank Dvorak, an early settler. Her father died in 1903; her mother lives in Hunter township. One child has been born to Mr. and Mrs. Bezdicek, Theresa, born April 11, 1908.

ANTON (X)RDES (1892), one of the successful farmer of Ewington township, was born in Germany April 15, 1842, the second of a family of five children born to Gerhard and Martha Cordes, both of whom died in Germany.

Anton received his schooling in the old country and until he was thirty years of age lived with his parents, working on the farm. He came to America in 1872, worked on a farm several months in Jefferson county, Missouri, and then located in Livingston county, Illinois, where he engaged in farming rented property until 1892. That year he arrived in Jackson county, bought his present farm, the north half of section 20, Ewington, and has ever since made his home on the place. When he bought the farm the only improvements on it were a little shanty and a shed. He now has a well improved farm and is installing a complete system of tiling.

Mr. Cordes was married in Livingston county, Illinois, in January, 1876, to Annie Mason, who was born in Ohio. To this union have been born the following named five children: Henry, Andrew, John, Lizzie, Martha. The family are members of the German Lutheran church of Ewington township. Mr. Cordes has been treasurer of 'school district No. 119 for the past seven years.

MICHAEL McGLIN (1892), of Lakefield, in partnership with his brother, John McGlin, conducts an elevator and coal business at that point and is a joint owner of several other elevators at different points in the vicinity. His parents, John and Jane (Rogers) McGlin, came from Ireland when children and were married in New York state April 4, 1864. Soon after their marriage they moved to Iowa, where they resided many years. The father died in Buena Vista county, Iowa, September 9, 1882, aged 64 years; the mother died in Heron Lake April 24, 1900, aged 64 years.

in Dubuque county, Iowa, November 5, 1865. When he was five years old the family moved to Buena Vista county, of the same state, and there Michael was raised, making his home on tlie farm and attending the district schools. Upon reaching his majority in 1886 he and his brotlier, John McGlin, left home and located at Rock Valley, Iowa, where for six years they were engaged in the lumber and coal business. He then moved to Heron I^ake, which was his home for eight years, being engaged in the same line of business there and at Okabena in partnership with his brother. From Heron Lake Mr. McGlin went to Kinbrae, where he and his brother built an elevator which he conducted two years. He located in Lakefield in 1905 and has since made that point his home, engaging extensively in the grain, seed and coal business. He served two years as a member of the Lakefield village council and was elected president of the council in 1908.

Mr. McGlin was married at Fulda, Minnesota, December 30, 1903, to Miss Eva I. Wright, a native of that village. She is the daughter of Joseph Wright, now a resident of Milwaukee. One child has been bom to this union, Leo Michael, bom June 3, 1906. Mr. McGlin is a member of the M. W. A. lodge.

WILLIAM M. F. SCHROEDER (1886) owns and farms two hundred acres on section 27, Petersburg township, which has been his home fbr the last twenty- three years.

Mr. Schroeder is a native of Mccklenberg, Germany, where he was born March 16, 1840, and where he lived until he was twenty-four years of age. He landed in New York on the twelfth day of January, 1864, to seek a home in the new world. During the first five years of his residence in America he worked at farm work in Illinois. He married in 1869 and then took up his residence near the town of Niles Center, Cook county, only eight miles from the city of Chicago, and there he engaged in farming until his arrival to Jackson county. During the great Chicago fire of 1871 Mr. Schroeder assisted in removing the homeless from the stricken city, and remembers vividly the tragedies of that great calamity.

On the twenty-fourth day of March, 1886, Mr. Schroeder arrived in Jackson county and located upon the farm where he has ever since resided. His initiation to the county was not of the most pleasant nature. During his first year's residence here he was caught in a tornado, was carried a short distance by the powerful wind, and received several very bad flesh wounds on the limbs and chest, from the effects of which he suffers to this day.

In addition to his farming interests Mr. Schroeder owns stock in the Petersburg Creamery company. He served as treasurer of Petersburg township ten years and has held other offices of trust. He is a member of the German Lutheran church.

Mr. Schroeder was married in November, 1869, to Mary Man, who died a little over a year later. His second marriage occurred in April, 1872, when he wedded Mary Kopa. The latter died in July, 1880. His present wife was Maria Meyer. Mr. Schroeder is the father of the following named children: Lena, born September 12, 1870; Mary, Sophia, Annie, William, born December 5, 1881; Charlie, bom July 14, 1883; Emma, born July 18, 1885, died March 7, 1890; Henry, born September 25, 1886.

FREDERICK A. COOLEY (1888), who conducts a barber shop in Heron Lake, has lived in that village twenty-one years. He is a native Minnesota n, having been born in Fillmore county September 14, 1877, the son of George R. and Evaline (Houck) Cooley.

The Cooley family is one of the oldest in America, settlement dating back to the Mayflower. Our subject has in his possession relics from that famous vessel which have been handed down from one f^eneration to another. George R. Cooley was born in St. Lawrence county, New York. He moved to Fillmore county, Minnesota, in an early day and there he resided until 1888, engaged in farming and acting as superintendent of the county poor farm. Moving to Heron Lake in 1888, he made his home with a son, George C. Cooley, for several years, and then moved to Washington county, Kansas. He made his home with another son, Sherman G., for several years, and then in 1904 moved to California, where he now lives at the age of 86 years. The mother of our subject was of German descent, her ancestors having come to America several generations ago.' Slie was born in Pennsylvania and died in Fillmore county, Minnesota, in 1881.

Six months were spent in the village of Mabel, of the same county, and then, in 1888, he ac- TM)mpauied his father to Heron Lake. There he completed his education, whicli had been begun in Fillmore county. During his boyhood days he worked on a farm, clerked in his brother's drug store, and then learned the barber's trade. In February, 1895, he engaged in business on his own account, starting a barber shop, which he has ever since conducted. He now has a three-chair shop. Besides this business he now owns and conducts a billiard and pool hall.

Mr. Cooley is now serving his third term as village recorder. He is a member of the A. F. & A. !M., having passed the chairs of senior warden and twice as junior warden, and he is now serving his second tei:m as worshipful master. He also holds membership in the Eastern Star, Modem Brotherhood of America and Yeomen lodges.

The marriage of our subject occurred October 8, 1895, when he wedded Pauline Miller, a native of Ohio and a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William Miller, of Okabena. Four children have been born to this union, Evaline W., Frederick A., Wilbur and a baby boy.

JOHN PETERSON (1872) is one of the pioneer settlers of LaCrosse township, in wliich precinct he owns a quarter section farm. Mr. Peterson is a native of Modum, Norway, and the date of his birth was March 10, 1837. He is the son of Peter Johanson Hugsted and Christie Hugsted, botli of whom died in their native land.

John Peterson, after securing a common school education, early began to earn his own living. From the age of twelve until he was seventeen he worked in a cobalt factory in his native town, and was then employed four years as a clerk in a grocery store at Westfossen. At tlve age of twenty-one years he moved to Drammen. Norway, where for the next twelve years he clerked in a grocery store.

In June, 1870, Mr. Peterson came to America, landing in the city of Quebec. He located at Dodgeville, Wisconsin, where he resided one year, employed as a shoemaker. From Dodgeville he went to Green Bay, Wisconsin, where he worked on a railway a few months, and then in a sawmill at Ocounta, Wisconsin, where he was until March 1, 1872. In June of that year Mr. Peterson arrived in Jackson county and this has ever since been his home. He took as a homestead claim the south half of the southeast quarter of section 26, LaCrosse township, which is still his home. He has since added to his farm by the purchase of an eighty acre tract adjoining.

.When he located on his claim there were only a few settlers in the township and Mr. Peterson has seen his township develop from almost a wilderness to the fine farming country it is today. He built a little board shanty, which he covered with sods, and in that he made his home for a number of years. The grasshoppers took five crops in succession and the first few years ji'ere indeed hard ones, he having practically nothing when he came. He has prospered and has a fine home and well improved farm. Mr. Peterson is a member of the Norwegian Lutheran church of Heron Lake. For several years he served as treasurer of his school district.

Mr. Peterson was married in Dodge county, Wisconsin, March 1. 1877, to Jane Holgriem, who was born in Norway and came to America when one year old. They have children as follows: Peter Olof and Carl Henrick, of Des Moines, Iowa; Clara Soneva, of Albert Lea, Minnesota; Helmer Orville and Reuben, who reside at home.

PETER T. OLSON (1870) has lived in Belmont township since he was six years of age. He owns and farms 200 acres of land on section 13 and engages quite extensively in stock raising. He is the son of Thore O. Flatgard and Ingebor (Waldon) Flatgard, both past seventy years of age and residents of Belmont. They came from Norway in 1870 and less than a year later to Jackson county, where they homesteaded land on section 14, Belmont. They have nine children, as follows: Ole Peter, Mary (Mrs. J. F. Ellefson), Andrew, Edward, John, Julius, Ida and Lena (Mrs. Ole Eide), of Jackson.

Peter T. Olson was born in Norway November 21, 1864. At the age of five years he came to America with his parents, lived one year in Fillmore county, and then located in Jackson county. Until 1892 Peter resided on his father's homestead, attending school and helping work his father's farm. In the year last named he bought forty acres of his present farm on section 13 and began to improve it. He was married the next year and moved onto his own farm. Later he bought the othar property adjoining. He is treasurer of school district No. 39 and has held the office for eight years. For a period of eleven years he has been a member of the board of township supervisors. He is a member of the Norwegian Lutheran church.

In the Christiania church on July 8, 1893, Mr. Olson was married to Rosa Peterson, a native of Jackson county and a daughter of Ole Peterson, one of the early settlers of Belmont. Eight children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Olson, namely: Tillie, born June 4, 1894; Ida, born January 31, 1896; Clara, born January 31, 1896; Olga, bom February 27, 1899; Lillian, lK>rn October 4, 1900; Mabel, born February 10, 1903; Josie, bom September 14, 1905; Ruth, bora March 16, 1908.

HENRY FRANDRUP (1890) is a Weimer township farmer who lives two miles north of Heron Lake. He is a native of Germany and was born July 2, 1855. He is one of a family of five children, all except himself living in Germany. His parents were Fred and Annie (Lousmann) Frandrup, both of whom died in the fatherland.

Henry lived in Germany until twenty-three years of age, attending school and working on his father's farm. In 1878 he came to the United States and* located in Carroll county, Iowa, where he farmed rented land until 1890. That year he came to Jackson county, bought his present farm - the southeast quarter of section 7, Weimer, - and has ever since made his home there. He is a member of the Catholic church.

Mr. Frandrup was married in Bremen, Germany, July 15, 1878 - ^just before his departure for America - to Dina Reackr, born November 1, 1857. Mr. and Mrs. Frandrup are the parents of five sons and three daughters, named as follows: Barnard, Alouis, Henry, Ferdinand, Frank, Elizabeth, Annie and Margereth. Another child, Eda, died May 26, 1909, aged twenty -three years.

HENRY VON BEHREN (1892) is one of the progressive and successful farmers of Ewington township, where he has lived for the last seventeen years. He owns and farms the south half of section 2 and owns the northeast quarter of section 11, which 18 farmed by his son. Hi8 farm is well improved, he having laid eight car loads of tile and having the place all fenced with hog tight wire.

Mr. von Behren was born in Germany December 11, 1854, the son of Henry and Mary von Behren. His parents came to America in 1879 and died in Woodford county, Illinois. They were the parents of thirteen children, Henry being next to the eldest. Our subject was educated in his native land, attending school for a total of seven and one-half years, and spending' his early years with his parents on the farm.

In 1879 Mr. von Behren came to America and located in Peoria, Tllinois. He worked in Peoria for a while and then went to Woodford county, where he worked for his father on the farm one year. During the next year he worked in the coal mines and then spent one year working at odd jobs. He was married in 1882 and then began farming rented land in Woodford county, where he resided until he came to Jackson county in 1892. Two years before coming to the county Mr. von Behren had purchased the south half of section 2, Ewington township, and when he came to reside he erected buildings and began the improvement of the farm. At the time he bought there was not a stick of timber on the place - so scarce was it, in fact, that, as Mr. von Behren expresses it, he had to go to Lakefield to get a stick to whip the children with. He planted the grove and has made all the improvements. He prospered and eight years 'ago added to his land possessions by the purchase of another quarter section. When Mr. von Behren came to America he was practically penniless and had to take any kind of work he could to get a start. For several years he experienced many hardships. He was naturalized in Woodford county, Hlinois, on the tenth day of October, 1884.

In Woodford county, Illinois, on the ninth day of March, 1882, Mr. von Behren was united in marriage to Mina Mang, who was born in Germany September 20, 1862. They have nine children living, Lena, August, Henry, Mary, Louis and Sophia (twins), Fritz, Laura and Walter. Lena and Charlie have died and two other children died in infancy.

Mr. von Behren has been treasurer of school district No. 91 ever since coming to the county, was township treasurer six years and for five years was on the town board. He and his

GUSTAV H. MOLKENTHIN (1887) owns the northeast quarter of section 4, Hunter township, adjoining the village of Lakefield. He is of German birth and was born December 7, 1866, the son of John and Ernestina (Schultz) Molkenthin. Our subject's mother died in Germany in 1879, and the next year the rest of the family emigrated to America. The elder Molkenthin died in Jackson in 1904 at the age of 66 years.

Gustav lived with his father in Carroll county, Iowa, seven years, and then accompanied him to Jackson county. Arriving here, his father bought land and began farming in Rost township, while Gustav made his home with his grandfather, Ferdinand Seuran, on the farm he now. owns. He lived with his grandfather one year and then made his home with his father in Rost six years. He again took up his residence with his grandfather in 1894. The latter died in the fall of 1898 and Gustav fell heir to the farm, which he has since conducted.

May 2, 1894, Mr. Molkenthin was married in Hunter township to Amelia Albers, who was born in Blue Island, Illinois, May 19, 1867. She is the daughter of Henry and Annie Albers, of Lakefield. They are the parents of four children I Willie, Bertha, Eddie and Annie. The family are members of the German Lutheran church of Lakefield and he has been secretary of the church organization for the last fifteen years. Mr. Molkenthin was a member of the Hunter board of supervisors one year and was township assessor one year.

CHRISTEN JENSEN (1886) is a Des Moines township farmer residing three miles north of Jackson, on section 1. There he owns a finely improved, well tiled farm of 240 acres. On it is one of the finest groves in Jackson county, which Mr. Jensen set out with his own hands, and also a fine apple orchard.

Mr. Jensen is a Dane by birth and first saw the light of day December 8, 1852. His parents were Jens Larsen and Anna (Peterson) Larsen, both of whom died in their native land. They were the parents of four children,

Up to the time Christen was fourteen years of age he lived at home, attending scliool. lie then began making his own living, working out as a farm hand until 1873. That year he came to the United States and until 1886 he resided in McHenry county, Illinois, working out as a farm hand. Several years before the last named date Mr. Jensen had bought the southwest quarter of section 1, Des Moines township, Jackson county, and in 1886 he came to the county and began the improvement of the land. For several years he and another gentleman lived in a little shack on the land. Then he married, built the house, and has since made his home there, with the exception of two years* residence in Jackson. Later he bought the adjoining eighty.

Mr. Jensen was married in Jackson November 20, 1893, to Christina M. Jensen, a native of Illinois and a daughter of J. P. Jensen. They are the parents of the following named four children: George P., Anna C, Emma A., Lillian J. The family are members of the Lutheran church. He belongs to the Danish Brotherhood lodge and has served two terms as road overseer.

PERRY L. RUSSELL (1876), of Jackson, was born in a log cabin in Petersburg township September 2, 1875, the eldest of a family of eleven children bom to Thomas J. and Emma (I^ee) Russell, who still reside in Petersburg. The other children of the family are Lafayette F., Richard, Thomas, Carrie, Maud.. Retta, Julia, Ruby, George, Myra and Grace.

Perry lived on the home farm in Petersburg township until he was of age. Then he engaged in the threshing business, which he followed about twelve years - four seasons in South Dakota, the rest of the time in Jackson county. Since giving up the threshing business Mr. Russell has been engaged in farming, WTiting insurance and other occupations. He owns the northeast quarter of section 29, Middletown township. In the spring of 1909 he filed upon a homestead claim in Fergus county, Montana. He holds membership in the Odd Fellows and Modern Woodmen lodges.

STEPHEN REHNELT (1871), Weimer township farmer, owns the east half of the southeast quarter of section 26, upon which place he has lived since he was one year of age. He was bom in the state of Wisconsin May 31, 1870, the son of Stephen and Theresa (Lawrence) Rehnelt. His father died January 6, 1908; his mother lives with another son in Delafield township.

In the spring of 1871 Stephen accompanied his parents to Jackson county. The father took a homestead claim of eighty acres where the son now lives, and upon that homestead our subject grew to manhood. He was educated in the district schools and worked for his father until 1899. That vear he located at Westbrook, where he conducted a pool and billiard hall one. year! He then returned to the farm, which was given him by his father, and has since been engaged in farming.

Mr. Rehnelt was married in Delafield township May 31, 1899, to Julia Hrdena, a native of Austria. To them have been born the following named children: Hilda, born September 17, 1905; Annie, born May 23, 1907; Leona, bom April 12, 1909. The family are members of the Catholic church of Heron Lake.

ETHAN W. ALLEN (1866) Is one of the oldest settlers of Middletown township, having lived in that precinct since he was six years of age. His parents were William and Clarinda (Arms) Allen, who were born and married in New York state. Afterwards they lived in Wisconsin and Winneshiek county, Iowa, and came to Jackson county in 1866. The mother died in 1885 and the father in 1890. Ethan is one of a familv of eleven children.

To these parents Ethan W. Allen was bom in Winneshiek county, Iowa, January 25, 1860, and in 1866 he accompanied his parents to Jackson county. The head of the family took as a homestead claim the southwest quarter of section 32, Middletown, and upon that farm our subject lived until 1881. He then sold and bought the southwest quarter of section 28 - part of the farm now owned by the son - and upon which Ethan has ever since lived. Upon the death of his parents he fell heir to the farm, and he has since added to his holdings by the purchase of the northwest quarter of section 33. Mr. Allen has been a member of the township board for nine years and has held the offices of director, treasurer and clerk of school district No. 60 for fifteen years. He is a member of the Methodist church.

Mr. Allen was married in Jackson county October 6, 1885, to Miranda Lucas, a native of £mniet county, Iowa, and a daughter of John Lucas. Mr. and Mrs. Allen have a family of five children: George H., bom June 23, 1886; Clyde H. V., born February 14, 1888; Albert E., born May 22, 1890; Grace M., born August 23, 1893; Lawrence W., born September 5, 1897. Another child, Bessie, died of smallpox April 19, 1908, aged sixteen months.

MORTON W. SMITH (1878), secretary of the St. John Grain company, is a native of Jackson county, having been born in Weimer township June 21, 1878, the son of John T. and Jennie (Weir) Smith. He was brought up on the farm and attended the graded schools of Heron Lake. He was graduated from the Waupun (Wisconsin) high school, and in 1901 received his diploma from the universitv of Wisconsin.

Returning to Heron Lake after his school days, Mr. Smith took a position as bookkeeper in the Bank of Heron Lake. In the fall of the same year he took a like position with B. P. St. John, grain dealer. The next year the St. John Grain company was incorporated, and Mr. Smith continued to serve the new corporation as bookkeeper. In 1905 Mr. Smith was made secretary of the company, a position he still holds. He owns land in Weimer township and residence property in Heron Lake. Fraternally he is associated with the MasoAic order.

Mr. Smith was married at Heron Lake February 26, 1907, to Ethel D. St. John, daughter of the late W. P. St. John and Minnie E. St. John, still living in Heron Lake. To this union has been born one child, John Morton Smitli, born November 7, 1908.

RUDOLPH KUHNAU (1881), a farmer and land owner of Weimer township, is a native of the county, having been born in Heron Lake township April 5, 1881, the son of Robert and Alvina (Shoeman) Kuhnau.

Rudolph has spent his entire life in his native county. He secured a district school education in Heron Lake township and made his home on his parents* farm until his father's death, which occurred in 1897. From that time until he was twenty years of age he worked out as a farm hand. Then he rented the farm in Weimer township which he now conductn, and which was then owned by John Dobereiner, and has lived on the farm since. He has other land adjoining, making a farm with a total acreage of 320.

Mr. Kuhnau was married May 23, 1904, to Daisy Winzer, daughter of Cliarles and Ida Winzer, pioneer settlers of Weimer townahip. Mrs. Kuhnau was born in Weimer township September 21, 1885. To Mr. and Mrs. Kuhnau have been born two children: Ida, born April 14, 1905; Theodore, born July 4, 1907. The family are members of the German Lutheran church and he is treasurer of school district No. 30. Mr. Kuhnau is a member of the folfollowing associations: The Jackson County Cooperative company of Lakefield, the Cooperative Creamery company of Wilder, the Jackson County Fair association of Jackson, the American Chester White Record association. Mr. Kuhnau is a progressive young farmer of his township, and is a booster for the pure breeding of live stock, demonstrating his activities along this line by capturing many first and second prizes and diplomas on his entries of Shorthorn cattle, Chester White hogs and Shropshire sheep at fairs in Jackson and adjoining counties.

P. F. KOEP (1901), Delafield township farmer, was born in Schlesbeck, Germany, August 16, 1861, the son of Claus and Mary (Paulson) Koep. His father died in Benton county, Iowa, September 12, 1890; his mother still lives in that county.

The family emigrated from Germany to the United States in 1867 and located at Davenport, Iowa, where for two years our subject's father worked in a brick yard. The family home was then made in Benton county, Iowa, and on a farm in that county our subject grew to manhood. There he secured a district school education and there he spent his younger years working for his father. In 1883 he engaged in farming for himself and was so engaged in Benton county until 1892. From that time until 1901 he engaged in farming in Plymouth county, Iowa.

Mr. Koep came to Jackson county in 1901, bought the northwest quarter of section 22, Delafield township, and has since made his home there. He has a nice home and rents a quarter section of land adjoining his own property. He engages in the raising of hogs and cattle extensively, and is rated as one of the successful farmers of the neighborhood. He has stock in the Farmers Elevator company of Windom and is one of the directors of the company. Our subject takes a deep interest in educational matters and has served as clerk of school district No. 121 since the district was organized seven years ago.

Mr. Koep veas married in Benton county, Iowa, February^ 5, 1889, to Minnie Rutz, who was born in Mecklenberg, Germany, May 22, 1873, and came to the United States when four years of age. She is the daughter of John and Johanna (Bartols) Rutz. Her father lives in Benton county, Iowa; her mother is dead. To Mr. and Mrs. Koep have been born the following named children: John, born February 19, 1890; Herman, born January 27, 1891; William, born December 2, 1892; Elenora, bom March 30, 1895; Frank, born February 13, 1897; Walter, born May 27, 1899; Albert, bom April 13, 1901; Ida, born June 17, 1903; Bessie, born August 23, 1907.

MERTON F. JACKMAN (1889) is a farmer and stock raiser of Petersburg township, where he owns a three hundred and twenty acre farm - the northeast quarter of section 26 and the southeast quarter of section 23. In addition to his farming operations he is interested in several other lines of business. He owns stock in, and is a director of, the Farmers' Elevator company, has stock in the Jackson Telephone company and is a member of the board of directors of the Petersburg Creamery company, in which he is also financially interested.

Mr. Jackman was born in Dekalb county, Illinois, October 22, 1858. His parents, Charles D. and Eunice (Holliday) Jackman, are both dead. His father was a veteran of the civil war, having served three yeanas a member of company C, 105th, regiment of Illinois volunteers. Merton grew to manhood on the farm in Dekalb county and after reaching mature years engaged in farming for himself. In the spring of 1889 he moved to Minnesota and located at Sherburn, Martin county. In November of the same year, he moved to Jackson county and located on what is now known as the A. C. Jackman farm, in section 24, Petersbiu-g township. In 1891 he moved onto his present place, where he has since resided. He have served ten years as clerk of liis township and haa also been a member of the school board of the district in which he lives. He is a member of the Methodist church and of the M. W. A. lodge.

CHRIST LUDVIGSEN (1890), president of the Jackson village council and member of the firm of Ludvigsen Brothers, which invented and manufactures the famous welded steel center toe calk for horseshoes, is a native of Denmark and was born August 20, 1869, the son of George and Agnes (Jorgenson) Ludvigsen. George Ludvigsen was a blacksmith. He came to the United States in 1882 and died at Jackson in 1893 at the age of 64 years. Our sitbject's mother died in 1891 at the age of 64 years.

Christ received a common school education in Denmark and served one year in the Danish army. He came to the United States in 1880 and located at South Bend, Indiana, where for ten years he was employed in the wagon and buggy factory of Studebaker Brothers. He then came to Jackson county, arriving March 30, 1890, and in partnership with his brother, Nels Ludvigsen, opened a blacksmith shop at Jackson. A little later another brother, Eric Ludvigsen, joined the firm, and some years later Nels sold out to his brothers, and the firm of Ludvigsen Brothers has since been composed of Christ and Eric. They conducted the blacksmith shop until October, 1907, and since that date have been engaged entirely in the manufacture of their patent calks. Besides his interest in the manufacturing business Mr. Ludvigsen owns property in the village of Jackson and 320 acres of land in North

Mr. Ludvigsen was married July 4, 1890, to Miss Maren Ericksen. To them have been bom two children, as follows: Edward, born in 1891; George, born February 22, 1895.

The manufacturing plant of Ludvigsen Brothers is one of the principal industries of Jackson, and the history of the invention and growth of the manufactiu'ing business is worthy a place in this history. While the brothers were engaged in the blacksmith business in Jackson they invented and made by hilnd, for their own use only, a self sharpening calk to be used on horseshoes. The accompaning cut gives an idea of what this is. The calk consists of a hard plate in the center with a soft iron plate on either side, welded together and forming a sharp calk during the process of manufacture. For several years they made these by hand and used them in connection with their blacksmithing business. Then they put them on the market, the output at the start being about 100 pounds per day. The demand increased and they finally increased the capacity until the output was about one-half ton per day.

The calk was patented in the United State* May 7, 1907, and in Canada August 6, 1907. When it became well known the demand bo increased that Ludvigsen Brothers, in October 1907, gave up their general blacksmith business and devoted their entire time to the manufacturing business. The triphammers, which they had formerly used, could not turn out the work fast enough, and they invented and patented the calk machine - the only machine of the kind in the world - with which they are enabled to turn out a ton of the finished product a day. Seven men are employed in the factory, and the product goes to every state in the union and every province of Canada where a sharp calk is needed. The manufacturing plant and headquarters are at Jackson, while a branch house is maintained in Milwaukee to supply the eastern markets. Ludvigsen Brothers sell their product to jobbers and wholesale houses.

ERIC LUDVIGSEN (1888) is a member of the firm of Ludvigsen Brothers of the preceding sketch and is engaged in the manufacture of the welded steel center toe calks at

Eric was educated in his native country and resided there with his parents until 1882. He crossed the water with his parents that year and located at South Bend, Indiana. He came to Jackson county with the family in 1888 and for three years lived on his father's farm in Middletown township. After his mother's death he moved to Jackson and became a partner with his brothers in the blacksmith business. This was in 1891, and since that date he has continued a member of the firm.

Mr. Ludvigsen was married in Jackson April 12, 1895, to Carrie Nelson, a daughter of Danish parents and a native of Streator, Illinois. Three children have been bom to this union, Elliot, Esther and Loren. Mr. Ludvigsen is a member of the Danish Brotherhood lodge.

S. E. HEIDLEBAUGH (1890), rural free delivery mail carrier on route No. 1, out of Lakefield, was bom in Tama county, Iowa, July 5, 1865, the son of John and Mary (Merick) Heidlobaugh. He received a country school education and lived in his native county until twenty-one years of age. In 1886 he moved to Nobles county, Minnesota, and engaged in farming two and one-half miles northeast of Worthington.

Mr. Heidlebaugh became a resident of Jackson county in October, 1890, when he moved onto a farm in West Heron Lake township, five miles northwest of Lakefield. One year later he moved into Heron Lake township, farmed there a year and a half, and then moved back to West Heron Lake. In 1896 he located on a farm five miles east of the present village of Wilmont, in Nobles county, and lived there a year and a half. Then he went to Legrand, Marshall county, Iowa, remained there two years, and in 1899 located in Lakefield. He remained there only a short time, when he again located on the farm near Wilmont. He sold out there and in 1900 again located in Lakefield, where he has ever since lived. He worked at various kinds of labor for a year, and on December 16, 1901, was appointed to the mail service as carrier for route No. 1.

On March 24, 1891, Mr. Heidlebaugh was married to Miss Jennie Johnson in Heron Lake township. One child, John Franklin, was born to this union on March 10, 1898.

ALFRED WATLAND (1897), in partnership with his brother, Bert, owns and farms 540 acres of land oh sections 10 and 15, Des Moines township, two and one-half miles northwest of Jackson. The brothers are extensive feeders and shippers of cattle, hogs and sheep and raise thoroughbred Hereford stock.