McLeod County, Minnesota - Chapter 24: Modern Hutchinson, 1917 (part 1 of 2)

The city of Hutchinson is picturesquely located on the South fork of Crow river, which, owing to a sharp bend in its Course, flows east through its northern, and south through its eastern portion. The southern bank of the river, before it curves to the south, is high and thickly covered with timber, the river being wider here than it is in the eastern part of the town. Looking west from main street bridge, the view is very picturesque. Main street, the business thoroughfare, on which nearly all the stores are located, runs north and south through the center of the city, the land west of it having a Somewhat easterly slope, while east of Main street it is level. The residence streets are well provided with shade trees. The houses, mostly frame, are neat and substantial in appearance, and nowhere crowded, as in the large cities, there being plenty of space between them for light and air. Many of the residents cultivate small gardens. The principal part of the city lies south and west of the river, which is spanned by several bridges, giving easy access to the outlying portions and to the country beyond. 'The principal objects of interest are the public library, standing in the eastern part of the central square or park; the school buildings, on higher ground in the western part of the city, the six or seven large elevators located on or near the tracks of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul and the Great Northern Railway, and the grounds and buildings of the County Agricultural Society in the southeastern part of town. About a mile or more north of the city, near Main street, stands another noteworthy object - the Danish-Norwegian Seminary. In addition to the two railroads above named, the Electric Short Line, or Luce Line, connects the city with Minneapolis, sixty miles away. Previous to the coming of the railroads transportation accommodations were furnished by stage lines, of which, at different times, there were several. One was the Hutchinson and Dassel line, operated for a time by A. Langley, which carried the mails, and the packages of the American Express Company, besides other freight. Another line of stages - Roberts' - connected with Glencoe, also carrying mails.

The publie interests of Hutchinson, whether as a village or as a city, have been well looked after by competent officials, who have ever combined their desire for civic progress and improvement, with a due regard for the finances of the taxpayers. The officers for 1916 are: D. H. Chamberlain, mayor; L. A. Ritter, Peter C. Weese, Frank Monroe and H. L. Merrill, aldermen; Robert McMullen, Jr., treasurer; C. G. Odquist, city attorney; Lewis H. Merrill, city engineer; H. I. Clay, chief of police; F. N. Moore, city clerk. Departments - accounts, finances, health and sanitation, L. A. Ritter; poor, public buildings and fire protection, Peter C. Weese; waterworks and sewers, Frank Monroe; streets and alleys, H. L. Merrill.

The city of Hutchinson voted for local prohibition at the municipal election, by a vote of 262 to 224, in April, 1908, since which time there have been no saloons in the city.

The present city hall was erected in 1914 at a cost of approximately $16,000, or with equipment and furnishings, $20,000, previous to which time the city offices were located in a small frame building on the same site. One room on the ground floor is set apart as a "'ladies' rest room," for the convenience of ladies from the country who come to Hutchinson for shopping purposes. Just east of the city hall is the jail, a small brick building that is rarely occupied. The records show that but two arrests were made in 1914, none in 1915 and none up to September 1, 1916. In fact crime is almost unknown in Hutchinson and the city supports but one policeman, who performs night duty only.

The city square or central park was reserved by the proprietors of the village for park purposes and is a large square block on the east side of Main street, planted with grass and trees and intersected by walks, a part of if being occupied by the library site.

In this park is a large granite boulder, on which is a brass tablet with the following inscription: "This tablet marks the site of a stockade built by the settlers of Hutchinson and vicinity for protection against the Sioux Indians, September 4, 1862. Chief Little Crow's band attacked the stockade and was repulsed, Erected October 4, 1905."

In the western part of town lie two large square blocks of 10 acres each known as North and South Park respectively, which were originally donated to the village for park purposes by the town site company, The original title being found defective, a perfect one was subsequently obtained through a Second pre-emption made by William E. Harrington. These grounds, taken together, form a fine natural park, well wooded with big trees of oak, elm and basswood, The school buildings are located on the northern section.

The public water supply and nearly all the domestic and industrial supplies in Hutchinson are obtained from the strong artesian layer that occurs at a depth of about 200 feet and which furnishes so good a supply both as to quantity and quality that it has not yet been found necessary to seek lower levels, This layer gives rise to flows in all parts of the city, except the southwestern, where the altitude is greatest, The public supply is obtained from the well at the Ames' Flouring Mill, the city being given the use of the water free of charge. This well was drilled about 1891 and there appears to be no diminution in the pressure, which is suflicient to raise the water 28 feet above the surface, or to a level 1,055 feet above the sea. The government analysis shows that the water is moderately hard. About 33,000 gallons are consumed daily. The water tank - a round wooden tank - stands on an elevation in the western part of the city, surmounting a tower 80 feet from the bottom of the tank to the ground, and was erected in 1894, Into this the water is pumped with power furnished by the Northwestern Light & Power company, this arrangement having existed since 1901.

Previous to 1884 the apparatus for extinguishing fires in Hutchinson consisted of an old hand pump and other primitive appliances, but on June 24 of that year the present fire department was organized and soon reached a high standard of efficiency, which it has consistently maintained. In 1906 it became a member of the Minnesota Fire Department Association. The home department is a voluntary organization with a present membership of 48 men. The apparatus consists of one combination chemical and hose truck, obtained at the cost of over $3,000, a hook and ladder, one hand chemical and other accessory appliances. There are 55 hydrants conveniently placed throughout the city. In case of fire the house water supply is temporarily shut off, the direct engine pressure being thus brought to bear on the hydrants, which gives ample force for any possible demand.

The Northwestern Light and Power Company has been an important factor in the modern progress of Hutchinson. It was originally established as the Hutchinson Lighting and Manufacturing Company. In the year 1900 it was incorporated by W. E. Harrington, L. A. Ritter, P. P. Pendergast, G. R. Zickrick, A. A. Ames, Eli Drew, H. L. Merrill, and J. F. Billings, and continued business under the original style until May, 1913. The operations of the plant at this time were confined to the city of Hutchinson. It being deemed expedient then to expand the business, arrangements were made whereby Coler Campbell, of Huron, South Dakota, and John D. Curtis, of New York City, stockholders of the Northwest. Light and Power Company of South Dakota, acquired a controlling interest in the concern and are now the principal owners. The following year the business was conducted under the style of Hutchinson Lighting and Manufacturing Co., with John D. Curtis, president; Thomas Pitts, of Hutchinson, vicepresident; and Coler Campbell, secretary and treasurer, During this year - 1913 - extensive changes were made in the distributing system of the Hutchinson property and considerable money expended in changing from a single phase to the modern 3-phase, 2300 volt system. A transmission line was built from Hutchinson to Glencoe, and the Glencoe plant, which had also been acquired by Messrs. Campbell and Curtis, was now supplied by the current from the Hutchinson plant. Subsequently the Hutchinson Lighting and Manufacturing property was leased to the Northwest Light and Power Company. In the fall of 1914 a Diesel engine was installed, giving the plant a total capacity of approximately 500 horse-power. During the present year (1916) the lines of the company have been extended to Plato, Young America, Norwood, Lester Prairie, Winsted and Silver Lake, serving these communities with lighting for private, commercial and municipal requirements, and power for all purposes, including the operation of the water works of each community served. During 1916 about 50 men were employed, most of them in the construction of new lines, the usual force being 12. The present officers are: John D. Curtis, president; Coler Campbell, secretary and treasurer; and Thomas Pitts, manager,

The Hutchinson Telephone Company, which supplies the city with excellent service, was incorporated in 1901 and the first board of directors were: M, W. Clay, president; E, J. Stearns, vice-president; W. S. Clay, secretary and general manager; W. W. Sivright and W. E. Harrington. William Davidson and C. G. Odquist were among the first stockholders. The office was located in what was then known as the Union block in the office now occupied by B. B. Farber, Olga Quade and Florence Harding were the first operators. No attempt was made for two years or more to build beyond the city limits but ultimately lines were radiated all over the trading territory surrounding Hutchinson and today there are over 400 rural homes connected and about the same number of city residences, besides the business telephones with the local Switchboard. This company has never tried to extend its lines beyond the radius properly belonging to the city of Hutchinson and is content to serve its home people. At the present time it employs five operators, a manager, trouble Shooter or repair man, and a bookkeeper and its present board of directors are W. E. Harrington, president; William Davidson, vice-president; Jas. Schunemen, secretary; and H. L. Merrill, treasurer. W. 8S. Clay is, and has been from the first, general manager, The remaining members of the board are I, B. Jorgenson and William H. Mergen. The company is and always has been financed by the home people and no out- Side company owns a single share of its stock. Connections are made with both the toll companies.

about 1874, when the project of a public library in Hutchinson was first broached by a few citizens of literary tastes. One of the most interested was Asa B, Hutchinson, who contributed two volumes of Dr. Kane's Arctic Explorations as a nucleus for the library and also gave half a lot as a site for a library building. Other citizens donated money or books. The public interest in the project was stimulated to some extent by the "traveling libraries" of 50 books each, which were supplied by the state once every six months, though when this system was started, or how long it was continued, we have not been able to discover, However that may be, it was an important factor in educational development to those who availed themselves of the opportunity for self-culture it presented, and widened the circle of those who took interest in the formation of a home library. After the active workers in the cause had succeeded in getting a suflicient number of books together, the library was started. Its first location is not perfectly remembered, nor the date on which the books were first placed in circulation, but from about 1882 to 1887, the home of the library was in the back room of Ridout & Hutechinson's drug store, O. Dd. Hutchinson, one of the partners in the firm, acting as librarian. According to Mr. Hutchinson, the books at this time were purchased by public subscription, and members were enabled to draw them free of charge, but five cents per volume for two weeks' use was charged others, this fee going to Mr. Hutchinson for his services as librarian and care-taker. "Generally about Christmas time," says Mr. Hutchinson, in a recent letter to Mrs. Hattie T. Lewis, to whom the editors are indebted for much of the information contained in this article, "yourself, Mrs. Kee Wakefield and others would meet and select a number of new books and I would purchase them when I went to St, Paul and Minneapolis to get my holiday stock. I remember well the book shelves we had in our back store-room, and especially when it was 40 below zero, but those thirsty for knowledge didn't care if it was 100 below. They would take their time in making selections. There were penalties for overtime attached, but I don't remember that any were paid. Very few books were lost." When the school library was started the public library was consolidated with it, and so remained for awhile, but this arrangement does not seem to have been universally satisfactory. The taste for reading had grown and many people felt that it should be a separate institution, in a building of its own and with opportunities for practically unlimited expansion. This opinion found expression soon after the opening of the present century. At a regular village election, held April 2, 1901, the proposition to establish a free public library, and to authorize the village council to levy such tax as is allowed by law for the support of the same, Was carried by a vote of 276 for, and 76 votes against the proposition. The first library election was held in July, 1901, at which the following persons were elected as members of the library board: E. J. Stearns, H. L. Merrill, L. P. Harrington, J. R. Larson, Carlos Avery, Mrs. C. S. Tredway, Mrs. H, L. Merrill, Mrs. J. L. Farber, and Mrs. O. A. Kohler. Nothing more was done that year, but the board met in March, 1902, and made arrangements with W. S. Clay to lease two rooms in his telephone building. At this meeting E. J, Stearns was elected president, and Carlos Avery, secretary. September 3, 1902, the Hutchinson Free Public Library was formally opened to the public, the ladies of the Fortnightly Club being in charge of the opening. Miss Baldwin of the State Library Commission, was present to assist in the opening exercises,

In May, 1903, the voters of the village voted to accept the gift of $10,000 from Mr. Carnegie for a publie library building and also voted to place the building in the publie square, the half lot formerly donated by Asa B, Hutchinson not being large enough for a site. The committee appointed to confer with Mr. Carnegie was as follows: E, J. Stearns, H. L. Merrill, Carlos Avery, from the library board, and Car! Schallinger, from the village council. There is no record of when this conference took place, but it must have been between September, 1902 and May, 1903. The only condition imposed by Mr. Carnegie was that a sum equal to ten per cent. of the amount Riven should be raised each year for the maintenance of the libyary. E. J. Stearns, Dr. P. E. Sheppard and Carlos Avery were the members of the building committee; E. S. Stebbins, of Minneapolis, the architect. As the plan called for more than the $10,000 given by Mr. Carnegie, he was asked for $2,500 more, the total cost of the library being $12,500. The new building was dedicated June 21, 1904, with appropriate ceremonies, which included: presentation of the library to the mayor, by E. J. Stearns; response by the mayor, Carlos Avery; addresses by Miss Clara Baldwin, of the State Library Board, and others. Through the efforts of the Fortnightly Club, a colonial clock was presented to the library; also a bequest of volumes from the private library of W. W. Pendergast, for Many years superintendent of schools here, and later state Superintendent of public instruction. In June, 1916, the li- brary contained 4,680 books, to which number some have since been added. That it is a popular institution may he gathered from the fact that 15,000 books were drawn out in 1915, or an average of about 51 for each inhabitant of Hutchinson. The comfortable reading-room, supplied with a number of the leading magazines and journals, is also well patronized. The building itself is both artistic and substantial, and its central location renders it easy of access to residents in all parts of the city. Miss Ella J. Adams is the librarian, she having succeeded Miss Marjorie Wakefield in that office, The library board consists of nine members, its personnel in the present year (1916) being as follows: Dr. P. E. Sheppard, president; Dr. M. S. Goodnow, secretary and treasurer; Mrs. P. P. Pendergast, Mrs. Hattie T. Lewis, Mrs. H. L. Merrill, Mrs. D. Calvin Sivright, H. L. Merrill, C. L. Todd, and EB, J. Stearns.

The Hutchinson Concert Band furnishes an interesting feature of Hutchinson life. It was organized in 1897 as the Hutchinson Military Band by E. B. MecGannon and Joseph Touseck, and was the first uniformed band in Hutchinson. It started with 15 or 16 members, eight of whom are still with the band. Reorganized with the aid of the Union Club as the Hutchinson Concert Band, it has reached a membership of about 30 men and gained a wide reputation as an artistic musical organization. The band gives weekly concerts in Hutchinson during the summer, furnishes excellent music for festive oceasions, and makes concert tours through this part of the state. The present leader is Frank Kohler.

The first postmaster of Hutchinson was Lewis Harrington. There are no records to show how long he served, but his successor was William L. Sumner. Mr. Sumner was succeeded by T. H. Pendergast, whose term of office expired in 1873. The successors of the latter have been as follows: E. W. Stocking, 1873 to 1878; T. T. Sargent, 1878 to 1886; O. H. Kohler, 1886 to 1890; O. D. Hutchinson, 1890 to 1894; O. A. Kohler, 1894 to 1898; G. R. Zickrick, 1898 to 1902; Kee Wakefield, 1902 to 1915; Sam G. Anderson, 1915 to present time. Hutchinson was made a money order office in 1872, It became a third-class office in 1887 and was advanced to the second-class in 1912.

Hutchinson Cemetery, located on the edge of the townsite of Hutchinson, about half a mile south of the city, consists of a tract of land about five acres in extent, additions having been made several times to the original tract. On the separation of the village from the township the former bought the latter's interest in the cemetery. The books had previously been kept by the successive township clerks, but many things pertaining to the history of the cemetery - additions made to it, interments, and other matters - had been omitted or imperfectly recorded, but in 1907, Charles K. Goodnow, then city clerk, went over the books carefully, interviewed men who had been employed in the cemetery, and succeeded in bringing something like order into the records, though he found it impossible to ascertain every fact. Since then, however, the books have been carefully kept. The cemetery belongs to the city and is under control of the city officers. In the course of time many improvements have been made; the low ground has been drained, trees and shrubs planted, and walks laid out. There are a number of tasteful monuments and the appearance of the place is being constantly improved.

In 1880 Hutchinson had about 800 population. It contained an M. E. church, which was also used by the Congregational Society, a Seventh Day Adventist church, and a Catholic church in process of construction. It had two lawyers, two physicians, several real estate and insurance agents, two general stores, one four-run stone flouring mill, one steam sawmill, one foundry and machine shop, two lumber yards, two large hardware stores, three drug stores, two furniture stores, two millinery stores, two grocery stores, two billiard halls, one wood yard, one veterinary and sale stable, one paint shop, three blacksmith shops, one photograph gallery, two harness shops, one tailor shop, one jeweler, one wagon shop, one shoe shop, One meat market, one brewery and two good hotels. It was also noted for being the best primary butter market in the State.

One of the great events in the history of Hutchinson took place September 30, and October 1, 1912, when the city held @ grand celebration, the former date being devoted to exercises on the laying of the corner stone of the high school, and the latter to a commemoration of the Sioux Massacre.

laborate preparations were made and the occasion was looked forward to by the citizens of Hutchinson and other parts of the county with most pleasurable anticipations, which, it is Sratifying to say, were not disappointed on account of the Weather or for any other cause, the double program being Carried out substantially as planned. The city was full of Visitors, many of whom came from long distances. The profeedings on September 30 began at 2:15 p. m. with a grand parade led by L. M. Barrie, marshal of the day. Next came the Hutchinson military band, followed by a battalion of the U. S. Infantry; then a float representing the old Pendergast Academy, Hutchinson's first school house; after this came 850 school children and their teachers; then another band, also of Hutchinson players, followed by speakers in carriages, citizens in automobiles and carriages and citizens on foot, The parade followed a line of march which ended at the site of the new high school, where other exercises were held, These included an invocation by Rev. C, L. Hill; old Welch melodies by the school children and band; and welcome and review of the History of Education by Superintendent H. L. Merrill. The articles placed in the corner stone were: a blue print of the city of Hutchinson; blue print of the surrounding country; a telephone directory ; a list of civic officers; list of school board officials; list of Hutchinson teachers; list of high school pupils by classes; photograph of Hutchinson; photograph of old settlers; and copies of the Hutchinson Leader, the Minneapolis Journal, and St. Paul Pioneer Press. Addresses were then made by Carl A. Anderson, superintendent of county schools ; George B. Aiton, state high school inspector; and ©, G. Schultz, state superintendent of public instruction, which were followed by a song, "The Yellow and Black," by the high school. Then came an address and the laying of the corner stone by Dr. George E. Vincent, president of the Minnesota State University, after which the school and audience joined in singing "America." The exercises were closed with a benediction by Rev. P. A. Lang. In the evening the festivities were continued by a grand electrical illumination of the public streets, a reception of the defenders, pioneers and visitors at the public library, and an illustrated stereopticon exhibition of old time pictures, by Edward A. Bromley, of Minneapolis.

Not yet surfeited with excitement, the crowds gathered on the next day, October 1, to aid in commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of the most thrilling event in the early history of Hutchinson and of this part of the state - the Sioux Massacre of 1862. This celebration began at one o'clock in the afternoon with a grand historical and civic parade, led by Mayor W. 8. Clay, with an escort of two pioneers, Sam and William Dewing, all mounted, and scouts armed with stockaders' rifles. Then came in succession a platoon of 70 mounted men, drilled and commanded by Captains Dan Todd and Lou Barrie; the Hutchinson Military Band; a band of Indian Braves led by Chief Dodge-the-Lightning Gray Ham; Indian maiden Minnewhoop- la, led by Do-Ris- S'me-Other-Day, riding pony dragging pole travois loaded with Indian camp outfit; a float typifying an Indian camp-tepee in woodland, surrounded by Indians and Squaws cooking meal; float of Indian medicine man, vested with magic pouch and belt and with black tepee inscribed with signs and symbols; hunters' and trappers' float, showing a log cabin in the woods, with traps and pelts on the outer walls; a prairie schooner drawn by a yoke of real oxen from the State Reformatory Farm at St. Cloud and driven by Silas Slagel, a typical and lovable Hoosier frontiersman, expert in the gee-haw vernacular, and with ox-whip and gad-outfit, typifying the first means of transportation in McLeod county ; # prairie schooner, horse-drawn, showing by contrast with oxen the gradual progress towards better transportation line conditions; a wagon loaded with all the paraphernalia and equipment of the permanent settler (contributed by Bearlakers) ; a log cabin, showing the difference between a hunter's and trapper's abode and that of the pioneer farmer, and the industries of pioneering by two beauteous Bearlake belles, spinning and churning (contributed by Bearlake) ; a float of the Pendergast Academy; Morgan Post drum corps, consisting of five Civil war veterans; Companies C and D of the 28th Regiment U. 8S. Infantry from Fort Snelling, commanded by Capt, M. F. Falls; the division being completed by boy scouts drawing a cannon. The next division was headed by forty stockaders who helped to defend the town against the Indians, Then followed a harvesters' float, typifying farming 50 years ago; an auto-truck float by the Hutchinson Produce Company, illustrating the dairy industry; and a float representing the new $50,000 school house as the climax of development. The succeeding exercises on the site of the stockade were presided over by Dr. Kee Wakefield, the principal address delivered by Hon. Frank M, Eddy, of Sauk Center, a former congressman from this state. Other addresses were made by A. H. Campbell, of Litchfield; Rev. J. L. Farber, of Hutchin- Son; A. C. Baker, of Brownton: and Rev. U. G. Lacey, of Litchfield. Delightful music was furnished by O. D. Hutchinson and Mrs. Hattie Lewis, Mrs. Hutchinson accompanying the songs at the organ. The chairman then called upon and introduced Several of the other people on the platform. The chairman Spoke of the work and services rendered Hutchinson by Lewis Harrington and proposed that the city council be asked to change the name of Washington, on which the Harrington home was situated, to Harrington Avenue, which was put to

Among other items of interest in connection with the celebration may be mentioned the following: Lewis Stocking and wife, of Starbuck, were among the second generation of "old timers" present both Monday and Tuesday, having made the trip overland by motor car. A letter was received by the editor of the Leader, from G. C. Canfield, of Brownton, recalling his first visit to the village while the partially burned buildings and stockade were in evidence. He remembered that many of the settlers in the Big Woods used to come to Sumner's store with a small quantity of ginseng or fur to exchange for food; also that the oak trees near town had their branches broken and torn by bears feeding on acorns. These animals were driven north by forest fires and their flesh helped feed the families of Hutchinson and vicinity. North Pugh, pioneer drayman, who lived in Hutchinson from 1866 to 1911, came to the celebration from Miles City, Montana, Vincent Coombs of Greenleaf, a white-haired pioneer of 72 winters, recounted the time he was a member of the Sibley expedition of 1863 which followed the Sioux to Missouri. He was one of the five who found and captured the son of Little Crow, who had fled westward after the killing of his father, July 3, 1868.

One of the events of Tuesday afternoon was 4 "sham battle," which was well planned and carried out. While Capt. Falls was drilling his soldiers, a band of Indians swooped down upon them from the same woods which concealed Little Crow's band 50 years before. The air resounded with the terrific war whoops of the Red men and the encouraging cheering and urging on of the soldiers, and for a time great excitement prevailed; but finally the savages were subdued and the battle was declared won by the white men. This exhibition caused many of the older people present to recall vividly the stirring days and scenes of long ago, of which it was but a type, and in which they had themselves acted a real part, braving and over~ coming not sham but real dangers; and doubtless many felt thankful at having been permitted to survive those troublegome times so many years. Many former residents of Hutchinaon who could not attend the celebration, sent letters of regret, among them: George E. Chesley, of Durham, N. H., who was a resident here in 1856; George F. Whitcomb, of Alexandria, Minn., whose father, Capt. George Whitcomb, took a very active part in fighting: the Indians and rescuing wounded pioneers, and whose mother, then (1912) living in

Minneapolis and 93 years old, helped to nurse the wounded as they were brought in to the fort; Mrs. C. D. Cutler, of Glencoe, Minn., who contributed reminiscences of the Indian war; and L, P. Harrington, who wrote an appreciative letter from Cresswell, Oregon. The photograph of stockaders and pioneers, which was taken at the commemoration, contained 24 people; namely: Minnie Buce Carrigan, Mrs. Alfred (Dewing) Gillett, Sam Dewing, Birney Lameson, Mrs. Ellen Harrington, J. F. Benjamin, Oliver Pierce, Mrs, Julia Ells, Mrs. Arthur Wheeler, Frank Urban, John Fallon, James Sweeney, J. C. Fallon, William Nass, John Murrey, Vincent Coombs, Al DeLong, John Parslow, Mrs. Oliver Pierce, D. C. Handy, Mrs. Abbie Pendergast, Mrs. Martha Andrews, C. W. Dewing, and James O'Fallon. The Hutchinson Leader published a number of pen sketches and other pictures of notable pioneers and interesting scenes, which were the more thoroughly appreciated, as the subjects were familiar to most of the older inhabitants of the town. The electric display at night was very beautiful, and on the Saturday night (October 5th) following the celebration, the company generously turned on the current again that the citizens might enjoy the effect in a quiet moment before the fixtures were taken down and the great oceasion had taken its final place in memory's storehouse. The Hutchinson Leader was founded by Calvin P. Smith in 1881. Mr. Smith was a native of Macomb county, Michigan, and a veteran of the Civil War, having served in the Fourth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry and been honorably discharged for disability incurred while with his regiment at the siege of Vicksburg. A practical printer, he had also had some experience in publishing, having been in charge of the Kenosha Democrat, at Kenosha, Wisconsin, and the Pewaukee Standard, at Pewaukee, Wisconsin. He had also been connected in one capacity or another with other newspapers. With this experience he entered upon his career as the pioneer of journalism in Hutchinson. His office equipment was not elaborate, his paper being printed on an old Armstrong or Washington hand-press, which he usually operated himself. His subscription list hovered around the 400 mark, and his subscribers usually got the worth of their money, and often much that they did not bargain for, The paper was not always punctual in appearance, W. F, Schilling, who worked for Mr. Smith, said: "The Leader used to come out when Cal felt disposed to have it. When he started out on Friday to set the type and began to run off the papers at nine or ten o'elock that same night, I didn't know for sure whether or not I would get home the same day we started, and usually did not. You see Cal Smith was running a paper to fit the community those days, and occasionally some very 'hot stuff' was printed. In fact it was so hot that at times I was afraid that some one would come up and demolish the plant." According to Harry B. Wakefield, then a small boy and an apprentice in the office, some of his stabs at citizens high and low were outrageous, but "he gave his mite toward the gaiety of a village that might otherwise have been kept in utter ignorance of its failings, and he did his share in keeping ambition alive when railroads came not and sloth might well have reigned." As Peter Georghegan said, who then conducted a little saloon near the bridge, and whom he got into many scrapes, "he was a 'divvle," but his motives were born of the era and his shafts sped for the most part to a harmless end,

"He labored under disadvantages that would have overcome many an editor of later type, and he slashed his way with a hand that the times had forced to slash. Some people whose names were on the subscription list, and who took the paper almost under duress, used to glance hastily and apprehensively over the pages of the weekly issue as Soon as it made its appearance, Sometimes they sighed in relief because their names had not appeared that week, or they sighed resignedly because their names were there," but whichever way it was they felt it best to sigh in silence. "Deep in the thralldom of the newspaper, the small boy (Harry B. Wakefield) set type and folded papers in blissful ignorance of much that his idol did. There came weeks when the press day, which should have been Thursday, came not until next Monday. Sometimes the boy heard Smith berating the driver of the Dassel stage, because that functionary had 'forgotten to bring the patent insides' from Dassel. The small boy did not know that that was Smith's way of covering the fact that the meagre income ef the business had failed to keep up with the 'inside' house and the payments due. For Smith had his discouragements, though the small boy knew them not, just as he did not know that his idol often drowned them, It was Smith who taught 4 Bible class in the Methodist church, where his brother, Rev. L. P. Smith, was pastor, and it was Smith who forgot next day the troubles of his print shop through the crooking of the elbow in the saloon across from the office, Cal Smith's local items were never written. He would dash from Sivright's barn, or Uncle Hewitt's grocery store, and set his items from memory, composing them as he set. It was only when he had conceived some devilish joke on Dave Sivright, aided and abetted by Jack Todd, or 'Em' Taggart and the boys, or was framing something about Uncle Hewitt or Waupon, that Smith found it necessary to write out his copy."

Early in 1885 Mr. Smith sold the Leader to Mark M. Clay, who assumed the ownership May 28. In introducing the new proprietor to his readers, Mr. Smith said: "Our successor has two qualities necessary for the production of a live, paying newspaper - wealth and ability. The first of these we always lacked, and probably had little to spare of the latter quality." After leaving Hutchinson he published newspapers in various places, until, while proprietor of the Republican at New London, Wisconsin, having fair prospects of suecess, he was attacked with creeping paralysis, and he and his wife became members of the Wisconsin Veteran Volunteers' Home, near Waupaca, where he died October 13, 1899.

Mark W. Clay, the second publisher of the Leader, was a man of large business affairs - not a newspaper man by profession, though he had published papers at Oronoco and Pine Island before coming to Hutchinson. He published the Leader for a year and three months and established it on a business footing, enlarging it from a five to a six column sheet, besides otherwise improving it, and making it an important factor in the development of the town. The campaign for the railroads, which began in 1886, was actively promoted by him. After selling the Leader to W. R. Edwards, he retired from newspaper work and engaged in other and larger business pursuits, being prominently identified with every public improvement in Hutchinson up to the time of his death, which occurred in January, 1901.

Mr. Edwards made his bow to the public as editor and proprietor of the Leader on August 20, 1886. He came to Hutchinson from Minneapolis with a long experience as a newspaper man, having published the New Hampton, Ia., Courier, the Warren,. Minn., Sheaf, and the Northwestern Presbyterian, of Minneapolis. He owned the Leader a little less than a year, selling out to Burt W. Day, July 22, 1887. Mr. Edwards came to Hutchinson during the "boom" year, when the railroads entered the village and stirred up things generally. He made some improvements on the paper, and, as he himself said, "was contemplating others" when he "laid down the pencil, shears and paste-pot" and left here to become Proprietor of the Republican-Trumpet, of Tracy, Minnesota.

We will let Mr. Day, who is still editor of the Leader, tell in part his own story, quoting, with his permission, from an article published in the Leader some years ago.

"My connection with the purchase of the Leader was due directly to the late Hon. Warren J. Ives. I was looking the state over in search of an opening for newspaper work, when I happened to meet Mr. Ives in St. Paul. He was state dairy commissioner then and in the lobby of the Merchants I heard him expatiating on the future of Hutchinson in glowing, if not lurid terms. The two railroads, after a hot race, had both built into the town and a boom was on, If I remember rightly, Mr. Ives predicted that in ten years Hutchinson would have a population of ten thousand, or thereabouts. We had a talk which resulted in our making a trip to his 'City of Great Expectations." He drove me around, showed the possibilities for a fellow of about my size and finally pulled up for a bird's-eye look at the town from the hill north of the river. The view was so entrancing, the field generally seemed so inviting that I decided without further debate to locate.

"The late W. T. Bonniwell and J. V. V. Lewis, the Sumner brothers, and several others, were especially cordial to the visiting newspaper man. T was urged to start a new paper, but this I refused to do, it having been my observation that most Minnesota towns were top-heavy with starveling newspapers. W. R. Edwards, who then owned the Leader, offered to sell and the deal was soon closed. Jay Barber's job office was also absorbed and Jay became the Leader foreman,

"I think the most epochal period in the Leader's career under my ownership was when it left the Republican party and supported Bryan for president. It had always been rated as steadfastly Republican. I conceded when I took the paper with me into the Bryan camp that it would lose me anywhere from 100 to 300 subscribers and considerable advertising and other business. What was my surprise at the close of the campaign when I discovered that less than a dozen had "got mad" and stopped their paper, and advertising and other business actually showed an increase. The Republicans of McLeod county bore, like philosophers, the stings and arrows which the Leader weekly (not weakly, I hope) hurled at the G. O. P. and the gold standard, and manifested a degree of forbearance and magnanimity as creditable to themselves as it was unexpected and gratifying to myself."

The Leader has long survived the perils of infancy and has gradually attained to a sturdy and vigorous growth, and an assured position as one of the active factors in the building up and development of the community. Under its present wise management it may surely look forward to a still more prosperous future.

Hutchinson has been noted for its leadership in educational: matters since the earliest days. The earliest settlers were men and women of culture and training. They brought with them the traditions of American free schools, and their spirit still animates those who have in charge the education and training of youth in this vicinity. One of the first acts of the town's New England settlers was the establishment of a school district. The first school teacher was Mrs. William Todd. In the winter of 1857-58, W. W. Pendergast taught a three months' school, his salary being $28.00 per month. Instead of money Mr. Pendergast was paid in county orders which he had difficulty in selling for 25 cents on the dollar, making the teacher's pay $7.00 per month.

About the first of April, 1860, at a meeting of the legal voters of the school district of Hutchinson, it was voted that on certain conditions W. W. Pendergast should build on lot six, block 13, an academy, 24 by 40 feet, two stories high, the outside of the building and the inside of the lower room to be finished before the first of January, 1861. Mr. Pendergast further agreed to cause a school to be taught in this building for nine months in the year for two years, and to allow all the scholars in the district to attend, for the sum of thirty dollars a month; in addition a bonus of timber and $150.00 was pledged. Work was commenced at once and by the first of November the building was completed. Money was raised by a Thanksgiving festival to purchase a bell, which did duty in the belfry till the building was burned by the Indians in the summer of 1862. School was taught in this house throughout the year.

After the burning of the academy, school was held in a log house on the stockade grounds in the public square, which had served as officer's barracks during the Indian outbreak. The teachers during this time were Solomon Pendergast, Carrie McEwen and Joshua Pitman. In 1866 a two-room building was erected on the public park at the head of First avenue. While this site is a part of the city park, universal consent has seemingly dedicated the use of the whole park to the public schools. In 1873 a four-room addition was built, making for the time an imposing structure of six rooms. The growth of the town demanding more school room the present South building was erected in 1887. In the fall of 1898 the north building was finished on the site of the old wooden six-room building which had been destroyed by fire the previous winter. This at the time seemed the ne plus ultra of buildings, and with the south building housed the schools of the distriet for the following year. The present high school building, erected in 1913, is a thoroughly up-to-date modern building. It contains gymnasium, rooms for manual training, domestic science, commercial department, agriculture, assembly, physical, chemical and agricultural laboratories, library, office, rest room, bath rooms and toilets. Among those to whom credit is due for new school buildings when the needs of the district demanded are W. W. Pendergast, Lewis Harrington, Asa B. Hutchinson, Dr. Kee Wakefield, Carlos Avery, M. S. Goodnow and W. 8. Clay. The site of Hutchinson's school buildings is unique, a natural park of big trees, oak, elm and basswood, 20 acres in extent, the natural home of birds and squirrels, the school home of the children.

A singular feature of the school history of Hutchinson is the fact that practically for a period of 58 years two men were in charge of the schools as principal and superintendent. W. W. Pendergast, from the beginning to 1881, and H,. L, Merrill, from 1882 to 1915. The schools, for this reason, have been so conducted as to secure a uniform and steady growth. As a result no school in Minnesota has a better reputation for efficiency and thoroughness. By act of the legislature of 1881 state aid was granted to districts offering a course of study of high school grade. Hutchinson was one of the first schools to qualify under this act and has kept pace with every new requirement, After 35 vears of service, H. L. Merrill resigned the superintendency in 1915, and was sueceeded by S. Henry Wolf. The history of the school for this period is a part of the history of the advance and upbuilding of education in Minnesota. The special departments of the high school include agriculture, commercial training, manual training, home economics, normal instruction, gymnastics, and music, both vocal and instrumental, with glee club work and high school orchestra, there being a specially prepared teacher for each special department. In this respect the school is on a level with any high school in the state, There are 15 grade teach-

The first real graduates of the school were Harlow and Agnes Bonniwell, William E, and Martha A. Harrington, who entered the state university in 1878. The next class to graduate was in 1884. Since that date every year has had its class except the year 1886. The number of graduates up to and including the year 1916 are 743. Among the most noted graduates of the high school are: John Zeleny, dean of the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University; Dr. Arthur E. Benjamin, of Minneapolis; Harry Wakefield, city editor of the Minneapolis Tribune; and S. G. Anderson, Jr, of Hutchinson. Many others have accomplished notable work in the fields of law, medicine, journalism, agriculture and education.

In association with the Central City System there are three rural schools, in which the same opportunities are offered in special subjects, and which are under the direction of the superintendent of the central district. For each of these rural schools the high school receives a bonus of $200 from the state, the former receiving a bonus of $50 each, the object being to promote such associations and thereby give a stimulus to higher education in the rural districts. According to the law all such associated schools must lie within a four-mile radius of the central district.

A distinctive feature of the Hutchinson high school] is the commercial course, newly inaugurated. Of this course, S. Henry Wolf, the superintendent, writing in August, 1916 says:

"In recent years our educational institutions have given much consideration to vocational training. These courses, if properly taught, possess great cultural value, and fit young people for successful professional and business careers. Timesaving devices have become so numerous and the methods of transacting business and keeping records so intricate, that no one can hope to have even a fair measure of success without special training along business lines. The time is past when a young man or woman may enter a business office, with little or no training, and work up. Business men are too deeply engrossed in their business affairs to take time to teach young people that which they may learn at school. The new commercial course, extending through four years, like other high school courses, has been arranged to meet the need which is felt for a course that shall give the young people who take it more general intelligence and a good general education, with a knowledge of those studies which will enable them to get positions promptly and earn a living immediately upon graduation, The commercial course gives a thorough training in English, extending through four years. It gives the usual high school mathematics of the other courses, It gives an opportunity to acquire some knowledge of the sciences and some knowledge of history. All these are in addition to the commercial subjects - commercial arithmetic, commercial geography, business correspondence, penmanship, spelling, history of commerce, commercial law, bookkeeping, shorthand, typewriting, salesmanship and office training. The course arranged by years is as follows: First year - English I, elementary algebra, commercial arithmetic, commercial geography, spelling and penmanship. Second year - English Il, plain geometry, elementary bookkeeping, one elective study. Third year - English business, American history and civies, advanced bookkeeping, shorthand and typewriting, commercial law. Fourth year - English business, history of commerce, salesmanship, shorthand and typewriting, office training and one elective,

"The department will be in charge of Walter A. Pike, who has taught commercial subjects in the Stevens Point (Wisconsin) Business College for the past two years, and comes very highly recommended by all who know of him and his work."

Hutchinson's first school house was the Pendergast academy, built by W. W. Pendergast, who lived to see his ability and enthusiasm recognized by his appointment by the goyernor of Minnesota to the office of superintendent of public instruction of Minnesota, an office which he filled with conspicuous ability and fidelity from September 1, 1893, to Janwary 21, 1899, says the Hutchinson Leader of September 27, 1912.

Fortunately for those who love to delve among the records of the past, Mr, Pendergast, as he went along through life, wrote with great attention to detail of the things that he considered would be of interest or value to succeeding generations. His work of this nature in the course of his long and active life grew to a great mass of manuscript covering nearly every event of importance relating to the early history of Hutchinson, and thanks to the care of the devoted wife, who, well preserved mentally and physically, still survives him, is still preserved, It is to her that the Leader is indebted for Mr, Pendergast's carefully written records of Hutchinson's first educational institution.

fare of their young, so suddenly transplanted from the older communities of the east to the wilds of a frontier territory, were only too glad to aid to the limit of their slender means in promoting the project. to secure for the community a school with so competent and conscientious an educator at its head as Mr. Pendergast.

The paper in which they named the amount of and pledged their assistance contains a description of the building and an outline of the curriculum proposed - and later actualized - for the academy, and is as follows: Hutchinson, January 16, 1860. We, the undersigned, do severally promise and agree to pay to W. W. Pendergast, of Hutchinson, in the state of Minnesota, his heirs or assigns, the sums set opposite to our respective names, on demand, for the purpose of aiding him in the construction of an academy in the town of Hutchinson aforesaid. Said academy to be not less than twenty-four feet by thirty-two feet in size, and not less than two stories in height, and the lower room of the same to be finished ready for use by the first day of December next, from which date for three years the said W. W. Pendergast agrees to keep or cause to be kept a private high school in which shall be taught not only the common English branches but also the higher mathematics and classies, and every branch of study usually taught in academies. .

Among the contributors appear the names of the following, with their contributions: Chas. B. Chesley, teaming, $40, cash, $10; Benjamin True, labor, 26 days; Lloyd G. Pendergast, labor 22 days; T. H. Pendergast, 1000 ft. lumber; R, M. Burnham, cash $5; R. H. Pendergast, 10 days' labor, 500 feet lumber; Wm. Ensign, $40 labor, $10 lumber; James H. Giddings, $35 labor; J. Benjamin, $10 labor; Thos. French, $8 shoe making; C. Andrews, $11 labor; Peter Geoghegan, $6 labor.

The structure was of native lumber sawed in the Hutchinson brothers' steam sawmill (no dam having as yet been thrown across the river) which stood near the point on which now rests the south end of Ames Bros,' mill dam. The frame Was of oak, the siding of basswood or butternut planed by hand. The shingles were hand made by an expert shingle maker named Clark, who toiled away in a lonely clearing in the woods near Silver Lake. Holmes B. Higgins, Barney Wilton and Oliver Pierce were running the mill at the time.

remind many of our older readers of the havoc Father Time has played in the ranks of those boys and girls of long ago for all of 30 of those 70 have passed into the higher school above. The names tell the predominating nationalities of the early colonists - American, Irish, German, They are as follows:

The site of the academy was about five rods distant from the present site of Martin Stegmeier's residence, about 22 rods southeast of Mr. Pendergast's new frame residence which the Indians burned at the same time. All traces of the academy have been erased but the cellar of the residence is still plainly to be seen.

Ansgar College had its beginning in 1902, and on June 2, of that year, when the corner stone was laid the institution gave great promise of future usefulness. It was designed to supply the needs of the Danish Lutherans for a first class college in the Northwest, in which intellectual culture should be combined with Christian training, and great interest was manifested in the enterprise by most of the leading citizens of Hutchinson, as shown in money donations and otherwise. The name of Ansgar was selected for the college in honor of Ansgar, or Anscharius, generally styled the "Apostle of the North," who early in the ninth century labored to introduce christianity into Schleswig, Denmark and Sweden, At the laying of the corner stone speeches were made by Harold W.-

Foght, A. M., president of the college; Prof. J. N. Lenker, D. D., president of the board of trustees; E. J. Stearns, then mayor of Hutchinson; John W. Hutchinson, W. W. Pendergast, Rev. J. G. Crozier, pastor of the Methodist Episcopal church; John A. Griffin and others. Mr. Griffin was one of the foremost benefactors of the college, endowing it with 10 acres of land, An able faculty was selected and on the completion of the building the institution began its work with every prospect of a long career of usefulness. Unfortunately, the optimistic expectations which attended its birth were not realized, as, after a short life of three or four years, cireumstances arose which led to financial difficulties, and the subsequent abandonment of the enterprise, the property being placed on the market. The buildings and site were purchased in December, 1909, or early in 1910, by the Danish and Norwegian Seventh Day Adventists, and the institution is now known as the Danish-Norwegian Seminary.

The Danish-Norwegian Seminary, situated to the north of the city of Hutchinson, and in its immediate vicinity, is one of the important educational institutions of the state. Its origin dates back to the month of October, 1909, when the first steps were taken towards its establishment at the meeting of the fall council of the General Conference Committee of the Seventh Day Adventists held at College View, Nebraska, The object was to establish an institution for the education and development of Christian workers. At that council a committee of twenty was appointed to select a suitable location for the School and to erect or purchase the necessary buildings. This committee, after visiting several places, met the 22d day of December, 1909, in Hutchinson, Minnesota, to consider a Proposition made by the citizens of that place concerning a School property which was for sale. It had formerly been ®wned by a Danish-Lutheran society, but because of financial difficulties the property had been placed on the market. After having thoroughly considered the proposition and examined the property, the committee decided to purchase it. At the Same time the committee also bought from the heirs of the J. W. Hutchinson estate 150 aeres of land adjoining the school, which, together with the ten acres upon which the school Stands, make a farm of 160 acres.

The 28th day of September, 1910, the seminary opened its doors for the reception of students. Before that time it was feared that a sufficient number of students to support a separate institution could not be secured among the Norwegian and Danish Seventh Day Adventists in this country. The citizens of Hutchinson had promised a substantial bonus if 50 students should attend the first year. All were therefore agreeably surprised when 82 students enrolled the first semester. Since that time there has been a steady growth in the enrollment. Last year (1916) the total enrollment was 153.

The seminary building is a four-story brick structure with rock foundation. It has large airy class-rooms, a pleasant dining room, a beautiful chapel, and living rooms to accommodate 100 students. It is heated by steam, has electric lights, and is furnished with all modern conveniences. In pursuance of its main object, a three-fold education is aimed at - an education of the heart, head and hand, which is well expressed in the motto of the school: Consecration, Preparation, Efficient Service. It is felt that "without the influence of divine grace, education will prove of no real advantage; the learner becomes proud, vain and bigoted. But that education which is received under the ennobling influence of the great Teacher will elevate man in the scale of moral worth with God. It will enable him to subdue pride and passion, and walk humbly before God, as dependent upon him for every capability, every opportunity, and every privilege."

For these reasons all the plans of the school are made subservient to a sound Christian education, and Bible instruction is accordingly given a prominent place in its curriculum, The academic course includes the Bible, the Norwegian, Danish or English language, algebra, bookkeeping, physiology, botany, geometry, ancient history, physics, medieval history, ancient or modern language and vocational subjects. The subjects in the collegiate course, including elective studies, are the Bible, Norwegian, Danish or English, ancient or modern language, chemistry, church history, history of antiquity and Greece, advanced algebra and solid geometry, philosophy, evidences of Christianity and psychology, history of Rome and Middle Ages, trigonometry and analytical geometry, astronomy, modeyn European history, elocution and phonetics. Besides the academic and collegiate courses, there is a Bible workers' course, Which, in addition to a number of general subjects, includes a special Bible course, the history of missions and denominational history. The ministerial course, besides the more important collegiate subjects, includes the history of missions and denominational history, church history, Greek, pastoral training, public speaking and music. The business and shorthand courses, either separate or combined, provide the student with a good commercial training, while the vocational subjects include baking, blacksmithing, bookbinding, carpentry, printing, agriculture, janitor work, library science, laundry, office training, sewing and domestic science. The yearly expenses and tuition fees are reasonable and the seminary offers scholarships on liberal conditions connected with the sale of Seventh Day Adventist literature. The work of the institution is under the personal direction of the president, Prof. Milan L. Anderson. The faculty of the school is as follows: Milan L. Anderson, president; Henry R. Johnson, Bible; Peter ©, Berthelsen, Danish, history; M. S. Reppe, Norwegian, German; Caroline Hopkins, commercial department ; Dagmar Christiansen, preceptress, Latin; C. J. Martinson, mathematies, science; O. A. Linnereu, music; Matie Ruskjer, matron.

Church services and religious privileges received early attention on the part of the early settlers of Hutchinson. They were people who had been accustomed to communities where the church was the dominating factor in every-day life, and desired that here, far from old associations, the traditions of their ancestors still be maintained. Traveling preachers were induced to deliver sermons from time to time, and once in a while neighborhood prayer meetings were held. After a while regular church bodies were perfected and congregations organized. Today the city has some sightly churches, religious services are well attended, much of the social life of the city centers about the activities of the various denominations, and the religions element among the city's residents is a predominant one.

The First Congregational Church had its beginning with a meeting held at the home of George Belden, January 25, 1862. Two weeks later another meeting was held in the Academy building, Rev, M. N. Adams, a missionary of the A. H. M.5&., was chosen moderator and George Belden, scribe. After due consideration the following resolution was adopted: "Resolved: That we deem it our religious duty and privilege to proceed at once to organize a Congregational church and that it be ealled the First Congregational Church of Hutchinson." The following persons presented their names as corporate members: Mrs. Rhoda Harrington, George Belden, Mrs. Mary P. Belden, Bnoch Wright, Mrs. Eliza Wright. Thus was organized the first evangelical church in Hutchinson. In the autumn following, on account of the Indian outbreak, the church was disbanded. Mrs. Harrington died on her way to Ohio, and the other mem- bers were scattered. In 1869 George Belden and wife returned to Hutchinson and at once took steps toward reorganizing the church. On Saturday, September 18, 1870, a meeting for that purpose was held in the public school building. After preaching by Rev. Richard Hall, superintendent of home missions, a business meeting was called. Rev. Richard Hall was chosen moderator and C. K. Goodnow, scribe. On motion it was voted to reorganize the church. The following persons gave in their names for membership: George Belden, Mrs. Mary P. Belden, Charles K. Goodnow and Mary G. Belden. The ehureh thus formed was incorporated in 1883, and worshipped in the Methodist church building till the autumn of that year; then for a year in Gogdnow and Ives' hall. In October, 1883, a subscription paper for a church building was circulated. During the winter plans were adopted. In June, 1884, the work began. The building was completed and dedicated November 16, 1884, On January 20, 1907, near the close of the Sunday school session, fire was discovered in the basement. The building was damaged to the extent of several hundred dollars, which was fully covered by insurance. In January, 1896, the church society decided to buy or build a parsonage. What was known as the Leerskov property was purchased and used as a parson-~- age until December, 1900, when the property was sold. In May, 1901, a lot was purchased, and during the summer the present parsonage was completed. Since its organization the church has been served in the pastorate as follows: Occasional supplies till April, 1872. Rey. S. R. Butler, April 1, 1872 to April 1873. Occasional supphes from April, 1873, to April, 1877. Rev. William Wilson, April, 1877, to April, 1879. Removed to Illinois. Rev. B. J. Renshaw, July, 1879, to July, 1883. Removed to Spokane, Wash. Rev. W. J. Parmalee, September, 1883, to September, 1884. Removed to Minneapolis. Rev. H. L. Chase, February, 1884, to February, 1885. Rev. H. W. Boyd, September, 1885, to September, 1887. Removed to Massachusetts. Rey. Francis Wrigley, March, 1891, to July, 1892. Removed to Springfield, Minn. Rev. J. N. Brown, 1892, to November, 1893. Resided in Minneapolis. Rev. W. G. Trower, November, 1893, to March, 1895. Removed to Minneapolis. Rev. Z. H. Smith, June, 1895, to October, 1898. Removed to Wisconsin, Rev. F. H. Richardson, January, 1899, to December, 1900. Removed to Morris, Minn. Rev. E. L. Brooks, April, 1901, to March, 1906. Removed to Fergus Falls, Minn. Rev. A. R. Brown, April, 1906, to March, 1910. Rev. Charles L. Hill, May, 1910, to July, 1914. Rev. Horace 8. Wiley, October, 1914, to the present time. The church building is located at the northwest corner of Main street and Fourth Avenue, Hutchinson. Charles K. Goodnow since 1870 has been a faithful and efficient burden bearer in all the work of the church. For 40 years he was superintendent of the Sunday school, resigning because of impaired hearing. He is now, at 76 years of age, a deacon and an active, efficient worker. Albert W. Sowle, at present church treasurer and a deacon, has been for 20 years conspicuous for faithfulness and efficiency. At a meeting held February 13, 1907, the following resolution was passed: 'Whereas, we owe our existence as a Congregational church largely to the earnest and faithful work of George Belden and Mary P. Belden, his wife, be it resolved: That we hereby record our appreciation of their services."

The church officers for 1916 are: Deacons - C. K. Goodnow, A. W. Sowle, B. Tmey. Trustees - Dr, M. 8. Goodnow, L. A. Ritter, Edward Wohlfarth, 8. Derifield, A. W. Sowle. Clerk, Mrs, L, A. Ritter. Treasurer, A. W. Sowle. Musical director, Mrs, Carlos Avery. Superintendent of Sunday school, Mrs. H. J. Langfitt. President of Ladies' Aid Society, Mrs. J. E. Chadderdon.

The Evangelical Association Church has a flourishing congregation in Hutchinson, as one of a field of three churches in this county, the other two being the parent church in Acoma township, and one near Biscay. Preachers of this denomination began to hold services in Acoma township as early as 1859, The first church was built in 1870, in Acoma, 5 miles northwest of Hutchinson, H. E. Linse was the pastor, and the following families were the charter members of the first congregation: William Froemming, Aug. Pagels, William Nass, John Schulz, H. Harmening, John Hartwig, Karl Stahl. The Second church was built in 1879, one and one-half miles northwest of Biscay, under the supervision of Rev. J. Kienholz. The following families were the charter members: John Ulrich, Carl Hagen, Paul Heitz, John Luiten, H. Tasche, Carl Malchow, Fred Malchow. The third church was built in Hutchinson in 1889, Rev. C, F. Katchel was the pastor, and the first families Were: Mrs. Aug. Pagels, Phil. Kearcher, Jac. Kearcher, Mrs. Drache, Geo. Beck, W. Conrad. The following list of preachers have served the field in the order they follow: J, H. Schmitt, C. Brill, F. Lahr, Aug. Nierens, H. Bunse, J. von Eschen, Wm. Gies, H. E. Linse, F. Emde, P. Bott, G. Knebel, J, Kienholz, G. Britzius, C. F. Sydow, H. Isker, C. F. Kachel, H. Hensel, J.

The German Lutheran Congregation was founded in Hutchinson in 1865, among the earliest members being Julius Ritter, Fritz Juergens, William Koester and a Mr, Shroeder. The first pastor was the Rev. Henry Braun, who was then serving the German Lutheran church in Acoma township, his residence being in the vicinity of the latter church, but who conducted services in the Hutchinson church at intervals for a number of years, or until the early nineties, and is now living retired in Hutchinson. Other early pastors were the Rev, Christian Albrecht (now pastor of the Acoma church), who served about two years, and the Rev. Friedrich Koehler, who was pastor for four or five years. The latter was followed by Rev. G. E. Ftrizke, who has served the church since 1899. In the early days of the congregation services were held in the old school house and later in the Methodist church, but in 1891 a church edifice was erected at a cost of about $2,000, This building has since been considerably enlarged by a considerable addition on the west side, costing nearly $3,000 more. There is also a parochial school and parsonage in connection with the church. The congregation numbers about 150 voting members.

St. John's Protestant Episcopal Church has a neat church at the corner of Second Avenue and Market street. The first services were held in the old school house about 1867 by the Rev. Joshua Sweet, Other services took place in the Methodist, Congregational and German Evangelical churches, conducted by the Rev. Messrs. T. K. Allen, T. H. M. V. Appleby, RB. R. Goudy, J. Wynne Jones, Wm. C. Pope, J. TenBroek, D..F. Thompson, E. J. Purdy and others: Rt. Rev. H. B. Whipple, Bishop of Minnesota, making occasional visits.

August 14, 1892, the corner stone of the present church building was laid by Arch-deacon Appleby. The ground was presented by David A. Adams. The first service was held in it November 27, 1892, by Bishop M. N. Gilbert. September 97, 1896, the church debt being paid off, Bishop Gilbert consecrated the church "St. John's." D. A. Adams, A. H. Roseboom, Dr. Kee Wakefield and H. L. Merrill composed the first Bishop's committee.

Since 1894, the following rectors have been in charge of the parish: Rev. Francis M. Bacon, August 19, 1894 - August 18, 1895; Rev. Chas. K. Farrar, September 8, 1895 - September

1, 1898: Rev. E, W. Couper, lay reader, November 6, 1898 - April 7, 1901; Rev. Francis Willis, April 14, 1901 - 1902; John Leacher, lay reader, June 8, 1902 - October, 1902; C. S. Mook, lay reader, October 19, 1902 - June 7, 1903; E. C. M. Tower, lay reader, June 28, 19083 - September 20, 1903; Rev. A. W. Farnum, June 5, 1904 - April 29, 1906; Rev. K. C, M. Tower, July 1, 1906 - October 15, 1907; Rev. R. H. Cotton, 1907 - 1908; Rev. Irving P. Johnson, 1908 - 1909; Rev, N. F. Douglas, 1909 - 1910. The present rector, Rev. ©. E. Hixon, has served since 1910. Alternate yearly visits are made by Rt. Rey. S. C. Edsall, Bishop of Minnesota, and Rt, Rev. Fr. R. Me- Elwain, Suffragan Bishop of Minnesota. Among the prominent members of the church in times past may be mentioned the families of D. A. Adams, A. H. Roseboom, John Taplin, O. D. Hutchinson, Frank Moore, I. B, Jorgenson, A. H. Ames, E. B. Gullett, Mrs. Sarah Ballou, Sam') Fickling. At the present time names prominent in the church are: Dr. 8. E. Bennion, Chas. Hartman, I. B. Jorgenson, Dr, H. E, Douglas, Thomas Pitts, Mrs. Ann M. Adams, Mrs. Fred Sheppard, the Misses Hattie and Ida Moore, Myrtle Parrhysius, Ella Adams, and Elsie Jorgenson,

The Nazareth Danish Lutheran Church, of Hutchinson, dates from the earliest eighties. The first members of this church began to hold religious services in 1884, the organization of the church being effected October 15, 1886. There were 23 confirmed members, namely: Christian Larsen, wife and three children; Iver Kold Peterson, wife and one child; Hans Roun and wife; Christian Olsen, wife and three children; Joegen Olsen, wife and one child; Rasmus Mikkelsen and wife; and Ditley Lund, wife and father-in-law. The first pastor of the church was Rev. Adam Dan, now located in South Chicago, Illinois, who served from 1884 to 1893, his successors. being: Rey. P. Jensen, 1893 to May, 1896; Rev. K. Knudsen, 1896 to 1901; supply, one year; Rev. A. J. Tarpgaard, who served about four years; supply, one year; Rev. Carl Hansen, a minister from Denmark, who assumed charge in June, 1907, and Served until March 17, 1909, being succeeded by the present pastor, Rev. Lorentz Henningsen, who began his pastoral duties, November 16, 1909, and has remained in charge ever Since. The early services of the church were held in a union building owned in common by the Danish Lutherans, Danish Baptists and Danish Methodists, the three denominations uniting to build it, and which is now the property of the Danish Baptist society. Subsequently they hired the English Meth- odist church, in which they held services for awhile, and later the German Lutheran, In the year 1900 they erected their own church edifice - a neat brick building located in the northeastern part of the city, the cost of which was $2,800. The minister's house, standing next to the church, was built later at a cost of $1,800, making the total cost of the property $3,600. The church is also provided with a fine toned bell. The congregation at present (1916) consists of 200 members, with a Sunday school attendance of 27 children, under the superintendency of Mrs. Agnate Landbo, Saturday school is also held in winter during the forenoon, for children 10 years old and up. Religion and the Danish language and history are the principal subjects taught. The musical part of the church service is rendered by a choir of 14 men and women, with Anna Petersen, organist and leader.

The Danish United Evangelical Lutheran Church, of Hutchinson, was organized in 1876, among the first members, who were also the organizers of the church being Jonas Petersen and family, H. P. Christensen, Soren Nelson and family, Nickalay Jorgensen, Peter Grunnett and family, William Olesen, Christensen Jorgensen and family, Nels Mickelsen and family and Bent P. Olsen. At first the church was served for some years by visiting pastors. In 1884 Rev. P. Nielsen became the regular pastor and continued as such for several years. His place was taken by Rev. Mr. Mathiasen, who had been ordained in 1888, and who served a short time, his successor being Rev. Kirkegaard. Rev. H. Hansen, the next minister, assumed charge of the congregation in 1891 and remained until 1896. In September of that year Rev. Mr. Gertsen became pastor and continued as such until 1907. His successor was Rev. J. P. Naarup, who remained until 1910, Rev. Theodore P. Beck serving the church from that time until 1915. After Mr. Beck left services were held about twice a month without a regular pastor until July, 1916, when Rev. P. P. Lund assumed charge. The congregation first worshiped in a frame building owned jointly by them and the Danish Baptists, Methodists and Lutherans. Subsequently this congregation sold out its interest to the others and built the present brick edifice on Main street in the south end of the city, which was dedicated in 1895, under the pastorate of Rev. Mr. Hansen. Its original cost was about $7,000, and improvements have since been made, including a basement for Young People's meetings and other purposes. The church has now about 190 members, in- cluding children. The parsonage, situated about three blocks southwest of the church, was built during the pastorate of Rev. Mr. Kirkegaard, its present value being about $2,500. E. Eriksen is Sunday school superintendent, the pastor having charge of the choir. The pastor of this church has charge also of St. Morten's church of the same denomination in Lynn township, which was organized in 1888, erected an edifice costing $1,500, which was dedicated in Jane of that year and has how 175 members.

The Christian Apostolic Baptist Society, commonly known as the Danish Baptist Church, was established about 1870, the first services being presided over by C. T, Laugeson. Among the first members were: C. T. Laugeson and wife, 8. C. Christiansen and wife, and Christian Seott and wife. Some others patronized and attended the church from the beginning, joining it later on. There was no regular pastor until 1884, when ©. T, Laugeson, who in the meanwhile had been ordained, became pastor, and continued to serve in that capacity until his death, May 21, 1909, Sinee then the church has been Served in a pastoral capacity by Rev. A. MH. Anderson, The Small frame church in which services are still held was erected about 1883. The congregation now consisting of 27 members, is augmented by the attendance of others, mostly young People.

The German Baptist Church, of Hutchinson, was organized February 14, 1899, by 39 members of St. Bonifacius' Baptist church, whose pastor then was Henry Benz. The leaders and officers were: Carl Fratzke and August Schultz, deacons; William Elftmann, treasurer; Theodore Fratzke, clerk; Carl Fratzke, Theodore Fratzke and Fred Linstaedt, trustees. The congregation had worshiped together for about a year Previous to the organization, there being too many Members for the home church to accommodate. After the organization was effected steps were taken to erect a church edifice, which was completed and dedicated in June of the same year - 1899. The building cost about $600, the cost of material and labor at that time being much lower than at present, and the total cost, including the lot and furnishings, Was $1,000. The pastor of the home church, Rev. Henry Benz, served both churches for a little over a year. Then the new church secured the services of Rey. August Transchel, who was pastor of the congregation from 1900 to 1902. His Successor was Rey. Willibald Argow, 1902 to 1905, after which for several months the church was without a regular pastor, depending upon supplies from neighboring churches. in November, 1905, however, the church obtained a minister in the person of Rev. Thomas Stoeri, who remained until the fall of 1909. He was succeeded by Rev. Oscar Autritt from Winona, who was pastor for one year, or until January, 1911. After his departure for another field the church was served by deacons and supply preachers until June, 1913, when Rev. Henry Braun took charge and continued as pastor until October, 1915. In December, 1916, the present pastor, Rev. August Marquardt, assumed charge of the congregation. In the spring of 1916 the church was moved from its location on the south side of Third street, just north of Main street, to a location on the north side of the street and an addition was soon afterwards begun, which, now completed, more than doubles its seating capacity. This removal was occasioned by the building of the Luce Line railroad, which lay too close to the church to make the location of the latter a desirable one. The pastor's residence, which stood just west of the church, was also moved and now stands to the north of the church. The old lot was sold to the railroad company, the cost of the new lot being $1,000. The present value of the church property, including the pastor's residence, is about $6,000. The congregation now numbers 50 members. The Sunday school, of which Anton Fratzke is now superintendent, has an attendance of from 30 to 35 scholars. In connection with the church there is an active Young People's Society, organized to give aid to missions and for other useful purposes. There is also a Women's Mission Society. Services are held each Sunday, morning and evening, with weekly prayer meeting Tuesday evening. The present officers of the church are: Theodore Fratzke, deacon; Theodore Fratzke, August Wagner and Julius Fratzke, trustees; Theodore Fratzke, clerk; August Wagner, treasurer; Anton Fratzke, choir leader; Elsie Fratzke, organist.

The Seventh Day Adventist Church, of Hutchinson, is another early organization. The exact date of the founding of this church has not been ascertained, there being no available records, but by some of the older members now living, it is said to have been about 40 years ago or more probably in the early seventies, Regular Saturday services are still held, conducted usually by resident elders, but occasionally by a visiting minister (or ordained elder). A number of years ago, the congregation having diminished, the old church building, being too large, was sold and a smaller one erected, which is now in use,

The Norwegian-Danish Methodist Episcopal Church, sometimes known as Bethania Church, was organized many years ago, the exact date not having been ascertained. The church edifice now existing, a small frame structure with stone foundation, was built in 1896, and services are held about once every two weeks, conducted by a minister from Greenleaf, Minnesota. This congregation is small and some of the members now attend the English Methodist Episcopal church.

The Methodist Episcopal Church, of Hutchinson, has a history which has been intertwined with the general history of the village and city for many years. The neat structure has recently been repaired and enlarged, making it excellently equipped for religious and social work. The church has a good sized congregation, a flourishing Ladies' Aid society, and other activities. The pastor is the Rev. E. A. Cook. In the early days the Methodists and the Congregationalists worshiped in a church which was used alternately by the two denominations. Later the Congregationalists withdrew.

The Roman Catholic Church has a history dating back several decades. Before the parish was organized masses were said by priests from other parishes, and the rites of the church administered to the faithful. The parish now has a neat church, with a substantial number of families in its congregation. Under the leadership of Father O'Brien the church is in a flourishing condition,

The fraternal spirit is well exemplified in Hutchinson. The leading fraternal and insurance societies flourish here, the meetings are well attended, and much has been done to foster the get-together spirit. Aside from the national fraternities which have local lodges, there are many clubs and organizations of a strictly local nature. In addition to this, the churches maintain numerous clubs and societies for people of both sexes.

The Union Club was organized September 14, 1911, super- Seding the old Hutchinson Commercial Club, The charter members were: Walter L. Swanson, John A. Jorgenson, Frank Dooley, Leon V. Madsen, John T. Dabb, Robert Vollmer, Fred J. Tmey, Robert McMullen, Jr., Guy H. Sivright, Arthur B. Jorgenson, Ward G. Day, and Lewis H. Merrill, of whom Fred J. Tmey and Guy H. Sivright are now deceased. The charter Officers were: Ward G. Day, president; Fred J, Tmey, vicepresident; Robert McMullen, Jr., secretary-treasurer. Present officers are: A. G. Krans, president; Lewis H. Merrill, vicepresident; H. R. Kurth, secretary; Robert McMullen, JX, treasurer. The present membership numbers 162. The Union Club is the commercial organization of the community and numbers among its members practically every business man of the city. It now owns its handsome club equipment, which is housed in a suite of rooms in the business section and forms a social as well as a business home for its members.

The membership of the club is always active in promoting anything which is for the general welfare of the city and with the increase in the railroad facilities expects to conduct a vigorous campaign for additional industries. Among the opportunities listed by the club are: packing plant, canning factory, opera house, green houses, and cigar factory. Anyone interested in securing a location for such institutions will do well to correspond with the club.

At the regular meetings of the club various matters of importance to the city are taken up and discussed in a way that shows that the club has the welfare of Hutchinson at heart; and it may be said that scarcely a day passes that members of the club are not asked to contribute cash and energy towards gome public benefit and rarely does a member refuse. Since its organization, the union club has fostered practically every celebration held at Hutchinson, promoting such events as "The Mid-Winter Carnival," "A Band and Vaudeville Entertainment," "A Dark-Town Minstrel Show," "A Farmers Institute," for two days, "A Series of Lectures," and the "Fiftieth Anniversary of the Indian Outbreak." It also assisted in two Electric Short Line Railway Company Excursions, in a Big Co-operative Community Picnic, and in the Minneapolis-Mc- Leod Association Picnic and Reunion. The Fourth of July has also been fittingly celebrated under the auspices of the union club, and in the observance of Memorial Day it has aided materially.

The Union Club was also instrumental in organizing and promoting the Hutchinson baseball team, and in the consolidation and reorganization of the former Hutchinson Military Band, out of which we now have the splendid Hutchinson Concert Band. It further conducts a very thorough publicity and advertising campaign through the medium of the Minneapolis Daily News and the Hutchinson Leader.

The Gopher Campfire Club is one of the unique organizations in the county. This organization was formed in September 1910 by a few men who were specially interested in shooting. It soon became apparent that the scope of the club should be enlarged and in consequence an organization was

"We, the undersigned, agree to associate ourselves together for the purpose of advancing the cause of good sportsmanship. We will co-operate with the State Game and Fish Department and its agents in every possible way to prevent the threatened extinction of game birds and animals and do whatever we can to bring about an increase of game and other wild life wherever possible. To this end we will use our influence to prevent violations of the law, will exercise our legal privileges in moderation and discourage the 'game hog' spirit. Recognizing the rights of property owners, we eondemn all acts of discourtesy or vandalism, or any unsportsmanlike conduct, such as have in many instances created prejudice.

"We invite all who love the ancient and honorable sport of shooting, who would increase the opportunities for its enjoyment by increasing and preserving upland game birds and water fowl, game animals and fish, and all other wild life, and who would protect our forests, lakes, and streams, to join with us in an organization for the purposes named."

Rapidly increasing from the 33 names which were at first appended to the articles, the number of members and subseribers to the doctrine of the club now numbers about 700. One of the features of the club is its social entertainments, which take the form of a summer camping outing and a winter dinner and "stuntfest." These have been very popular and have extended the fame of the club far and wide. The influence of the organization in creating interest and enthusiasm for the preservation of our natural resources has been very marked.

Frank M, Harrington Post, No. 41, G. A. R., of Hutchinson, dates from August 10, 1883, when a charter was granted to Comrades Timothy Malqueen, Seth Nichols, 5. H. Blasing, David A. Adams, Calvin L. Todd, Augustus W. Spaulding, David G. White, Frank Barbec, George E. Ely, Lyman Carr, Benjamin M. Records, Robert Parker, Alfred Sturtevent, William Schilling, Patrick Fallon, Peter Rusch, Warren J. Ives, Alex H. Moore, Elijah Woolsey, Kee Wakefield, Jeremiah G, Welch, Samuel G. Anderson, Luman J. Phelps, Joseph J. Farrer, Allen Nott, Francis E. Pellett, John Harsen, John Hoodcheck, Calvin P. Smith, and Felix Reiner. The post was named in honor of Corporal Frank M. Harrington, a member of Company B, Ninth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, one of the Regimental Color Guards, who was wounded at the battle of Nashville, taken to the hospital at New Albany, Indiana, and died December 24, 1864, being buried at New Albany. The

Frank M. Harrington, Woman's Relief Corps, No. 102, auxiliary to the G. A. R., was organized by Mrs. Ludusky Taylor, of Shakopee, past department and national president of the Woman's Relief Corps, and has now 28 members. Meetings are held the first and third Tuesdays of each month in Odd Fellows' Hall.

Temple Lodge, No. 59, A. F. & A. M., dates back to the early days of Hutchinson, many of the leading pioneers having been members of that body. The lodge is in a flourishing condition, and several of the local members are known in Masonic circles throughout the state.

Miriam Chapter, No. 27, Order of the Eastern Star, Hutchinson, was organized December 9, 1889, by a deputy from the Grand lodge, there being 36 charter members. The officers serving from January 1, 1916, to January 1, 1917, are as follows: Mrs. Nan Kiesler, worthy matron; J. M. Eheim, worthy patron; Mrs. Gertrude Sivright, associate matron; Miss Bertha Sivright, secretary; Mrs. Martha Merrill, treasurer; Mrs. Mary Bennion, conductress; Mrs. Mary Falconer, associate conductress ; Mrs. Mary Avery, chaplain; Mrs. Mabel Douglas, Adah; Mrs. Lillian Axilrod, Ruth; Mrs. Winifred Todd, Esther; Mrs. Fredella Graham, Martha; Mrs. Mary Chamberlain, Electa; Mrs. Edith Pericle, warden; Mrs. W. EH, Sivright, sentinel; Pearl Chamberlain, organist. The lodge has now (August, 1916) 192 members and holds meetings every Monday from October 1 to June b;

Hassan Valley Lodge, No. 109, I. 0. 0. F., of Hutchinson, was instituted January 27, 1886, the charter members being L. P. Harrington, M. W. Clay, A. Cc. Arnold, Abner Jarrett, J. B. Barber and F. C. Avery. The first meeting was held in the old Masonic hall, but in the first year of its existence the lodge erected a two-story brick building it has since occupied, its lodge room being used also by the Modern Woodmen and the Royal Neighbors. The lower part of the building is rented for a store. The lodge has now 136 members, among the oldest of whom are: L. M. Barrie, who though not a charter member, has been connected with it from the beginning; W. W. Sivright; L. P, Harrington, now in Salem, Oregon, who is past deputy grand master; and M. W. Clay, past grand master and past grand representative to the sovereign grand lodge, L. M. Barrie has held all the chairs, served as grand conductor

Marvin Encampment, No. 48, I. O. O. F., was instituted as Encampment No. 40, April 5, 1890, and surrendered its charter May 31, 1905. It was reorganized and instituted February 27,1912. Veil Rebekah Lodge, I. O. O. F. was instituted Feb- Yruary 27, 1888.

Hutchinson Lodge, No. 97, Ancient Order of United Workmen, dates from July 15, 1887, when a charter was granted to Lewis P. Harrington, Charles A. Barber, Fred W. Dean, William E. Harrington, Geo. W. Pow, J. A. Moffet, Leonard W. Clark, and Elwell A, Stanton. The first officers were: Past master workman, L. P. Harrington; master workman, Charles A. Barber; foreman, F. W. Sumner; overseer, Jay B. Barber; recorder, F. W. Dean; financier, William E. Harrington; receiver, George W. Pow; guide, James A. Moffet. From 1887 to 1898 the lodge met in the [. O, O. F. hall, and then until 1901 in Knights of Pythias' hall. The members then bought the furniture from the Knights of Pythias and rented their present hall from Frank Brabec, having occupied it continuously since. W. E. Harrington has served as an officer from the beginning, the first three terms as financier, and from that time to the present as receiver. The lodge has paid the families of deceased brothers some $25,000. There is a present membership of 90, carrying $162,000 of insurance.

Mistletoe Camp, No. 1275, Royal Neighbors of America, Was organized January 3, 1899, by Mrs. Bertha Topping, district deputy, the charter being left open. The first officers were: Miss Edith Mersen, oracle; Mrs. Mary Barrett, viceoracle; Mrs. Florence Dwinnell, chancellor; Miss Anna Fallon, marshal; Miss Myrtle Gillett, recorder; Mrs. Maude Clay, inner sentinel; Miss Hattie Leonard, outer sentinel; Dr. Fred Sheppard, camp physician; Mrs. Amanda Baldwin, Mrs. Hansine Henrikson and Mr. P. E. Barrett, managers. The camp has now 39 beneficiary and 34 social members, and holds joint installations with the Woodmen in January each year. It has been represented at the supreme camp by Mrs. Amanda Baldwin.

The Modern Brotherhood of America was organized in Hutchinson in 1900, the charter being dated May 10th. The following is a list of the charter members: James V. V. Lewis, Harrison Traver, William H. Sivright, Fred Sheppard, Loren Jessen, Thomas N. Thompson, Mads Peter Jensen, Willington 3. Clay, Charles H. Senescall, Edmond G, Padden, Warren D. Graham, Zwingle H. Smith, Frank N. Moore, Frank A. DeLong, D. Thomas Lollis, Edward S. Moffett, Joseph Ells, Thomas C. Wakefield, C. Petri, F. O, Countryman, Preston K, Countryman, Cynthia D. Gillett, Charles EB. Gillett, Geo, Nelson, James A. Graham, O. B. Reinke, Katie Schaefer, Clara C. Spahr, Wm. W. Merrill, Joseph D. Wall, Albert Farrar, Cc. 'T: Reinke, Wm. Kiesler, Robt. C. Wolfarth, Bert J. Day, and James F. Johnston. A few years ago this lodge was very strong, having about 135 members. At the present time meetings are no longer held, but existing members still belong to the order through payment of dues.

Hutchinson Lodge, No. 106, Brotherhood of American Yeomen, a fraternal insurance order, was organized in 1901, and now has 22 members, meetings being held in Odd Fellows Hall. The present officers are: Mrs. C. L. Todd, foreman; Mrs. 3. S. Beach, master of accounts; and 8. 8. Beach, correspondent.

Sons of Herman Lodge, No. 48, Hutchinson, was organized in 1895. Its charter, bearing the date of June 29th, was issued to John Eggert, Emil Klein, John Kayser, J. G. Kleinman, PJ. Klee, Andreas Hirngiebel, Carl Lang, Herman Loeck, Rob-

The Danish Sisterhood was organized May 10, 1904, the charter members being: Mrs. Mary Jensen, Mrs. Kerstina Jensen, Mrs, Sophia Laugeson, Mrs. Mette Petersen, Miss Cora Jacobsen, Mrs. Elizabeth Harris, Mrs. Caroline Jensen, Miss Mariane Mikkelsen, Mrs. Sina Sorensen, Mrs. Anna Jensen, Mrs. Sina Thompson, Mrs. Herman Petersen, Mrs. Karan Marie Jensen, Mrs. Elna Christiansen, Mrs. Hanna Eneroldsen, and Miss Agnita Jensen. The lodge meets the second and fourth Wednesdays in each month in Workmen hall and now has about 28 members. The present officers are: Mrs. Sina Sorensen, ex-president; Mrs. Elna Christiansen, president; Mrs. Netta Petersen, vice-president; Mrs. Mary Jensen, secretary; Mrs. Christina Jensen, treasurer; Miss Mariane Mikkelsen, Miss Anna Rasmussen and Mrs, Elizabeth Harris, trustees; Mrs. Anna Petersen, outside guide; and Mrs, Jacobina Vase, inside guide. The Danish Brotherhood has also a flourishing lodge in Hutchinson.

The Cesky Ctenarsky Vzdelavajici Spolek, or Bohemian Reading and Educational Society, of McLeod county, was organized January 9, 1876, for the purpose of systematic reading and intellectual improvement. The charter members were: Joseph Zila, Joseph Kadlec, Joseph Janecky, Anton Zeleny, Joseph Friauf, Paul Cernousek, Frank Kasper, Vaclav Zavoral, John Kasper, John H. Danek, J. J. Danek, Joseph Mikulecky, Frank Cernousek, Frank Danek, J. F. Danek, Anton Kaspar, John Mikulecky, Cenek Ruzicka, and Vaclav Pessek. The first officers were: President, Paul Cernousek; viece-president, John Kaspar; recording secretary, Anton Zeleny; financial secretary, Joseph Kadlec; treasurer, Joseph Mikulecky; librarian, John H. Danek, In accordance with the object of the society a library was at once established, small at first, but which has increased until if now numbers 582 volumes, nearly all of which are printed in the Bohemian language, and include standard books on religion, politics, literature, Philosophy, and other elevated subjects. The early meetings of the society were held at the residence of the members, and afterwards for awhile in Danek's hall, a mile east of the present hall, The latter building, which is owned by the society, was built in 1883, and is a two-story frame building, located in the southern part of Hutchinson township, about half way between Hutchinson City and Silver Lake village. It is the home of the society and contains the library. Occasionally dances and other entertainments are given here. The society has 50 members at the present time. The present officers ave: President, John Smutka; vice-president, John Murvan, Sr.; secretary, George Friauf; treasurer, John Sustacek; librarian, Jahn Drahos.

The Bohemian National Cemetery, located in the northwest part of Rich Valley township, was organized January 28, 1873, the following being the charter members of the association: Joseph Zila, Joseph Kadlec, Joseph Splichal, Joseph Mikulecky, John Hudecek, Anton Kreil, Frank Dostal, John Kaspar, John Danek, Anton Nunvar, Frank Danek, Joseph Kucera, Frank Krejci, Frank Supleta, Paul Gernousek. The first officers were: President, Joseph Mikulecky; secretary, John Kaspar; treasurer, Joseph Kadlec. The present officers are: President, George Friauf; secretary and treasurer, Jno. Kueera; financial secretary, Joseph Faimon. The association now has about 100 members. It holds its meetings in the hall of the Bohemian Reading and Educational Society in Hutchinson township.

Lodge Lumir, a Behemian fraternal society, was organized February 22, 1891, the charter members being: Paul Cernonsek, Joseph Janecky, John Hudrle, John Marvan, John Oliva, Vaclav Zavoral, Simon Louzer, Joseph Zeleny, J. A. Tmey, Vaclav Miska, John Kucera, Joseph Kucera, Frank Uherka, Joseph Capek, Joseph Mlejnek, Alois Trnka, John Friauf, Joseph Pulkrabek, and F. J. Zila. The first officers were: President, Paul Cernousek; vice-president, John Hudrle; recording secretary, Joseph Mlejnek; financial secretary, F. Je Zila: treasurer, Joseph Janecky ; escort, Joseph Zeleny ; inside guard, Vaclav Zavoral; outside guard, John Oliver, Jr. The present officers are: President, John Kucera; vice-president, Vaclav Pesek; recording secretary, John Urban; financial secretary, George Friauf; treasurer, John Marvan, Jr.; escort, Vaclav Krejci; inside guard, Jos. B. Dostal; outside guard, Joseph Smahel.

Lumir Lodge now has 190 members. In connection with the Bohemian Reading and Educational Society it maintains a Bohemian school during the summers. Jt holds its meetings in the Bohemian Reading and Educational Society's hall.