Redwood County, Minnesota - The whole text, 1916 (part 7 of 13)

John Zeug was born March 16, 1869, in Stark township, Brown county, Minnesota, son of John B. and Anna (Leibl) Zeug. John B. Zeug was born April 4, 1834, in Austria, and came to America June 16, 1867, locating at New TJlm, where he bought an Indian claim of 120 acres at $1.25 per acre in Stark township. It was all raw prairie land, and here he built a log house and barn and began breaking the soil. In 1871 he sold this property and moved to New Ulm, where he was engaged in business until 1879. He then moved to Redwood county and homesteaded a tract of land and secured a tree claim, obtaining 340 acres in section 6, Johnsonville township. Breaking the land, he planted 15 acres of trees, erected rude buildings and planted a one-acre orchard. In 1890 Mr. Zeug built two frame barns, one having a stone basement, and in 1889 a granary. He carried on general farming and raised good cattle and swine, having about 80 swine and 100 cattle per year. From time to time he added land until he possessed, altogether, 1,060 acres in the townships of Johnsonville, Gales and Granite Rock. He was also a musician and organised the first band in New Ulm. He was married February 13, 1860, in Austria, to Anna Leibl, who was born September 22, 1841. They had the following children: Eatherine, born January 1, 1864, now Mrs. John Daub, of Vail township; John, born March 16, 1869; Mary, born June 28, 1872, wife of Carl Frederick, a farmer of Warwick, N. D.; Joseph, born July 25, 1875, on the old farm in Johnsonville township; Otto N., born March 22, 1877, on the old farm in Johnsonville township; Rose, born January 6, 1879, Sister O. S. B., nurse, died December 24, 1914, at Bismark, N. D. ; Anna, born February 12, 1881, Sister O. S. B., Minneapolis, Minn.; Elizabeth, born August 17, 1882, Sister O. S. B., of Little Falls, Minn.; Louisa, born July 8, 1884, Sister O. S. B., of St. Cloud, Minn., and Paul P., born July 31, 1888, a banker at Fort Ripley, Minn. John Zeug attended the common schools of his neighborhood and engaged in farming. In 1892 he bought 160 acres of wild land in section 31, Granite Rock township, from his father. Erecting rude buildings, he broke the land and planted a five-acre grove and a half -acre orchard of apples, plums and small fruits. From time to time he added new buildings - in 1899 a machine shed, in 1900 a barn and granary, and in 1901 a swine house, besides a comfortable one and a half story dwelling house. He carried on general farming and raised about 100 swine every year. In 1909 he sold the farm and moved to Lucan. Mr. Zeug was married February 7, 1892, to Theresa Wurscher, born February 28, 1873, in Burns township, Brown county, Minnesota, daughter of John and Elizabeth Wurscher. Her father was born in 1841 in Austria and came to America in 1868, locating in St. Paul. After two years he moved to Brown county, where he homesteaded 160 acres of wild prairie land in Burns township. This he improved, setting out groves and erecting good buildings. In 1912 he sold this farm and now lives with his son, William, of Mahnomen county. Mr. and Mrs. Zeug have had the following children: Joseph J., born February 13, 1895; Anna, February 18, 1897; John B., May 22, 1898; Rose, November 27, 1899; Mary, October 30, 1901 (died May 8, 1911); Louise, May 20, 1903; Cecelia, November 14, 1904 ; Elizabeth, June 14, 1906, and August, January 13, 1908 (died March 15, 1912).

John F. Gain, who was engaged in the real estate business at Milroy, now residing at Mankato, Minn., was born January 5, 1852, in Portage, N. Y., son of James and Mary Ann (McGarrigal) Cain. James Cain was born in Ireland and came to America in 1840, locating at New York, where he engaged in work as a stonemason. In 1853 he came to Sheboygan county, Wisconsin, and bought 120 acres in Mitchell township, to which he later added 80 acres in the adjoining township of Osceola. Here he remained until 1880, when he sold out and moved to Redwood county where he homesteaded 40 acres of land in the western half of the northwestern quarter of section 33. He broke land and engaged in general farming, living there until 1890, when he retired and lived with his son, John P., until his death, October 2, 1906. He was married in 1844 to Mary Ann McGarrigal, born in 1824 in Belfast, Ireland. She was the daughter of John McGarrigal, born in 1824, and his wife, Marguerite (Phillips) McGarrigal, both natives of England. John McGarrigal died and his widow came to America in 1833 with her daughter Mary, locating at Toronto, Canada. Here she was married again in 1834 to John Brown, a baker, of that place. The children of the first marriage were : Mary, who died in 1865 at Pond du Lac, Wis. ; Barbara, who died in 1906 at Coldwater, Kas.; William, of Pond du Lac, Wis.; Patrick, who died in 1910 at St. Peter, Minn.; John P., the subject of this sketch ; Marguerite, now Mrs. Andrew Holmes of Mil- waubee; James, a farmer of Staples, Minn.; Henry, an insurance agent of Tracy, Minn. ; Edward, of the U. S. navy ; Catherine, who died in 1871 at Pond du Lac, Wis. ; and Anna, who died in 1883. John F. Cain remained at home until 18 years of age, when he worked in the Wisconsin and Michigan pineries for three years. Then he was in the railroad freight business at Escanaba, Mich., for two years. In 1875 he bought 80 acres in Sheboygan county, Wisconsin, where he remained until 1879 when he sold out and came to Redwood county, Minnesota. He homesteaded 160 acres in section 32, Westline township, and began breaking land. He set out groves, built shacks and engaged in farming. From time to time he built suitable buildings. He carried on general farming and lived there until 1913 when he rented his farm and moved to Milroy, where he engaged in buying and selling land and in writing insurance. Mr. Cain has been prominent in public affairs and held many positions of trust. For several years he was chairman of the township board, clerk for seven years and treasurer for many years. He served as a member of the school board for seven years. From 1900 to 1908 he was county commissioner and has served as justice of the peace since 1913. Since 1913 he also has been a member of the village school board and has been township road overseer for many years. He was united in marriage February 26, 1884, to Sarah Gahagan, born February 4, 1864, in Virginia, the daughter of Luke and Bessie (Davis) Gahagan. Luke Gahagan was born in Ireland in 1822 and came to Virginia and later to Wisconsin, where he engaged in farming, until his death in 1887 at Fond du Lac, Wis. His wife, born in Connecticut in 1818, died in 1883. Their children were : Michael, J ohn, Charles, Catherine, Ellen and Sarah. Mr. and Mrs. Cain have the following children : Bessie, born March 7, 1885 ; Catherine, born August. 16, 1886; Nellie, born July 12, 1888; Mayme, born March 1, 1893; Laura, born October 8, 1895 ; Irene, born August 13, 1897 ; Sarah, born March 17, 1900; John P., born January 28, 1904; and Leona, born July 7, 1908.

William Castle, for many years a resident of Lyon county, this state, was born in Holme, Yorkshire, England, January 29, 1836, came to America in the fall of 1865 and located on a farm near Aurora, HI. From there in 1884 he came to Clifton township, Lyon county, and purchased 320 acres of land in section 26, where he lived until his lamented death May 19, 1914. Mr. Castle was married November 23, 1863, to Maria Wilkinson, who was born January 20, 1840, at Barmby Moor, Yorkshire, England, and died November 24, 1907. The children in the family were : Sarah, born July 11, 1864, now the wife of E. C. Knieff of Clifton, Lyon county, this state; John W., born November 16, 1866, now of Clifton, Lyon county, Minn. ; Robert W., born September 3, 1868, now of Marshall, this state; Annie E., born February 26, 1871, now Mrs. Prank W. Smith of Westline township, this county; Mary J., born June 29, 1873, now the wife of I. C. Rankin of Clifton, Lyon county, Minn.; Thomas I., born August 20, 1875, now of Clifton, Lyon county; and Maria L., born February 16, 1878, now the wife of W. T. Wilkinson of Washington.

Frank W. Smith, Sr., a hero of Port Ridgley, was born July 4, 1832, in Germany and came to America in 1848, located at Brighton, HI. Prom there, in the early sixties, he came to Beaver Palls, Renville county, this state. In 1862 he enlisted, served at Fort Ridgley during the seige of that historic place and was honorably discharged at the conclusion of the outbreak. Finding his property at Beaver Palls destroyed, he went to New Ulm, where he lived for several years. Then he returned again to Beaver Falls and operated his farm. This in 1892 he sold to his son, William. He died March 17, 1914. Prank W. Smith, Sr., was married to Mrs. Mary Reiser, a native of Germany, who died in 1907. Their children were : Emma, who married Fred Kuglin and died in 1909 ; Frederick W., a farmer of Beaver Falls township ; Frank W., who died in 1909; Otto R., farmer of Onamia, this state ; and Ernest J., a farmer of Fargo, N. D.

Frank W. Smith, Jr., a prosperous and well-to-do farmer of Redwood and Lyon counties, now deceased, was born in New Ulm, Brown county, this state, December 25, 1866, son of Frank W. and Mary' Smith, the pioneers. As an infant, he was taken to Beaver Falls, in Renville county, this state, and was reared on the home farm. In 1899 he came to Redwood county and secured a homestead of 80 acres in section 18, Westline township, where he engaged in general farming and stock raising. By hard work, good judgment and shrewd management, he increased his land until he owned 960 acres in sections 18 and 19, Westline township, this county, and 320 acres in Clifton township, Lyon county, this state, making a total of 1,280 acres. On this place he planted groves, remodeled the old buildings, erected new buildings, constructed fences and created a model modern farm. His splendid work was brought to a sad conclusion September 1, 1909, when he was killed in an accident. In spite of his busy life and the unusual success which he achieved, Mr. Smith was much interested in public affairs. He was a township officer for several years and for many terms served on the school board of his district. In religious work, he was also an active participant and assisted in building the Methodist and Presbyterian churches of his neighborhood. A thorough believer in co-operative effort he was a stockholder in the Farmers 9 Elevator at Milroy. All in all, his was a useful life. He was one of the builders of the community and his loss is still sincerely mourned. Since his death his widow, a most capable woman in every respect, is ably carrying on the work of his estate, assisted by her children. Frank W.

Smith, Jr., was married February 3, 1892, to Annie E. Castle, born on her father's farm near Aurora, 111., February 26, 1871, daughter of William and Maria (Wilkinson) Castle. This union has been blessed with six children : Earl S., born April 27, 1894; Inez R., born March 10, 1896; Ethel I., born March 1, 1898; Spencer Y., born February 14, 1901 ; Truman S., born April 23, 1903; and Grace E., born May 11, 1908. Mrs. Smith is a splendid mother and a good neighbor and is widely known for her business ability and her genial qualities and her generous hospitality.

Edward 0. Steffi, county commissioner, was born in Austria, August 22, 1868, son of Andrew and Katherine (Silvers) Steffi. Andrew Steffi came to America in 1870, and farmed in Brown county, this state, until 1892, when he moved to Sleepy Eye, where he died in 1892 at the age of 66 ; his widow is still living on the home farm. Edward C. Steffi was reared on the farm in Brown county, and engaged in agricultural pursuits with his parents until nearly of age. In 1888 he purchased 160 acres in section 27, and 40 acres in section 26, Three Lakes township, this county. The tract was all wild land, and Mr. Steffi set at work with a will to bring it under cultivation. He broke the hard prairie sod, planted a grove, erected a home and other buildings, put up fences, and purchased tools, machinery and equipment, and in a few years had as good a place as was to be found in their neighborhood. By judious purchases he has increased his holdings to 665 acres and the development of the farm has kept pace with the progress of the years. On this farm, Mr. Steffi carries on general farming, maintaining a fine herd of Red Poll cattle, and making a specialty of dairying. In connection with his dairying, Mr. Steffi became interested in the Three Lakes creamery, and has been a director of that institution for three years. For a number of years he was assessor, and since 1903 he has been director of school district 105. October 19, 1914, he became county commissioner from the Third district, representing the townships of Sundown, Three Lakes, Paxton, Sherman, Morgan and Brookville, and in this capacity he has done most efficient service. Mr. Steffi was married June 27, 1892, to Eva Mahal, born in Austria, June 29, 1870, daughter of John and Annie (Smasal) Mahal. Mr. and Mrs. Steffi have the following children: Eath erine, born April 21, 1893, now wife of A. J. Tauer, connected with the State Bank of Morgan; Thomas J. P., born January 13, 1895, now a farmer of Becker county, Minnesota ; Andrew, born December 20, 1897; Joseph, born February 2, 1899, now a farmer of Becker county ; Carl, born March 20, 1901 ; Theresia V., born May 10, 1903; Leonard A., born March 14, 1906, and died March 18, 1906; Rudolph A., born March 29, 1907, and died March 31, 1907; Leo A., born July 31, 1909; Leona D., born May 21, 1911; and Ivona P., born May 12, 1915. The family worships at the Clements Catholic church, of which Mr. Steffi has been secretary for several years.

Robert J. Moorhead, an active and progressive farmer of Sheridan township, was born in Stratford, Ontario, Canada, September 4, 1875, son of Robert and Margaret (McMillan) Moorhead. Robert Moorhead, the father, who was born in Ireland, emigrated to America in 1865. He came in 1883 to Le Sueur county, Minnesota, where he was engaged in farming until 1893, when he retired from active work. He then went to Alberta, Canada, where he still resides. His wife died in Le Sueur, Minnesota, in 1891 at the age of 45 years. Robert J. Moorhead worked out until 1902, when be bought land in the northeast quarter of section 24, Sheridan township. In addition to developing his farm he also rented land until 1915, when he moved onto his farm and erected buildings. His house is a modern eight-room dwelling equipped with the latest devices in furnace heat, electric lights, pressure tank and water. The barn is 32 by 50 by 14 feet and is furnished with electric lights, as are all the farm buildings. A granary with elevator was also built and a garage, 24 by 24 by 16 feet. Mr. Moorhead raises Durham cattle, having about 32 head, and Poland China swine, feeding about one carload a year. He is a stockholder in the Farmers' Grain and Fuel Company at Seaforth and at Wabasso. Fraternally he is associated with the I. 0. 0. F. and M. B. A. The family are members of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Moorhead was married October 31, 1899, to Mildred Clark, who was born September 14, 1880, the daughter of Alfred and Rosanna Clark. Mr. Clark was born in Scott township, Cortland county, New York, and came to Minnesota, where he homesteaded land in the northwest quarter of section 24, Sheridan township. Having lived there until 1889, he moved to Redwood Palls, where he resided until his death in January, 1890, at the age of 66 years. His wife died in 1897 at the age of 50.

Wellington I Dresser, veteran of the Civil war, and pioneer of Nicollet county, this state, was born in Vermont, May 3, 1831. He came westward as a young man and on August 13, 1862, enlisted at Waupaca, Wis., in Company Q, Twenty-First Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, and served eight months until discharged at Murfreesboro, Tenn., March 16, 1863, taking part in the battles of Stone River and Perryville, and in minor engagements. In 1864 he came to Minnesota, and secured 160 acres in Ridgely township, Nicollet county. He was a prominent man in that township and served for a time as town clerk. In 1912 he took up his home with his son, Walker O., in Morgan, this county. Mr. Dresser was married in 1855 to Abbie L. Blazier, who was born

Walker O. Dresser, a substantial merchant of Morgan, was born in Ridgely township, Nicollet county, this state, November 21, 1872, son of Wellington I. and Abbie (Blazier) Dresser, the pioneers. He was reared on the home farm, and spent a number of years in agricultural pursuits. He has been manager of elevators at Wood Lake and North Redwood, and has traveled as salesman for the International Harvester Company. April 19, 1912^ he established the Morgan Cash Produce Company. This concern buys cream, eggs, hides, wool and poultry. It sells Wear-UWell shoes, overalls and men's working clothes. Mr. Dresser has taken an active interest in public affairs and has served on the village council Fraternally he is affiliated with the M. W. A. and the I. 0. 0. F. Mr. Dresser has won considerable note as a cornet player, has taught both violin and cornet music, and has been a leader in band work at Franklin and other places. He was married December 27, 1904, to Jessie McPhee, born February 28, 1881, daughter of Peter and Elizabeth (Simpson) McPhee, and this union has been blessed with two children: Delos, born October 20, 1905 ; and Maynard, born November 3, 1906. Mrs. Dresser is an officer and active worker in the Royal Neighbors at Morgan. The family faith is that of the Catholic church. Peter McPhee, the father of Mrs. Walter O. Dresser, was born in Canada, came to the United States in the sixties, and now lives at Franklin, across the river from this county. He and his good wife are the parents of seven children: William O., cashier of the bank at Evan, Brown county, this state; Jessie, now Mrs. Walter G. Dresser; Archibald, engaged in the drug business at Kellogg, Iowa; Jay, a clerk at Franklin, this state; Mary, wife of Henry Wenger, a buttermaker at Kilkenny, this state ; Roy, druggist at Mitchell, 8. D. ; and Sadie, wife of Paul Zeng, a banker at Fort Ripley, Minn.

Lubbe H. Terhell, Sr., was born in Hanover, Germany, in 1830 and was there reared. In 1863, he came to Will county, Illinois, and there rented farms for several years. In 1868 he came to Beaver Falls, Renville county, this state, and squatted on a tract of railroad land. He broke the wild prairie, erected a house and barn, fenced the land, and endured many of the hardships of pioneer life. In 1877, he came to Underwood township, this county, homesteaded 160 acres in section 14 and in addition took a tree claim. He planted a grove, broke the prairie, erected a house and barn and built up a good place. Mr. Terhell had many interesting stories to tell of pioneer life. He hauled grain in the early days to Wilmar and New Ulm with an ox team and had many interesting experiences with the grasshoppers, mosquitos,

Lnbbe H. Terhell was born in Will county, Illinois, December 7, 1863, the son of Lubbe H. Terhell, Sr., the pioneer. He was brought to Beaver Falls, Renville county, this state, as a small boy and in 1877 to Underwood township, this county. Reared to farm pursuits by his father, he passed through the common schools at Beaver Falls and remained at home until 21 years of age. Then, after renting a farm for two years, he homesteaded a farm in 1886 in section 24, Underwood township. He planted a grove, broke the land, erected the buildings and brought it to a high degree of cultivation. In 1911 he sold this place and moved to Westline township, where he purchased 320 acres in section 7. Here he has likewise planted trees, erected many suitable buildings, fenced the farm and equipped himself with alTfche tools and implements necessary for the carrying on of modern progressive farming. Thoroughly interested in public affairs, Mr. Terhell served on the school board in Underwood township ten years and as justice of the peace five years. In Westline township, he is likewise doing good service on the school board of his district. He has served several years as a member of the township board of both townships. He is at present a candidate for the position of county commissioner from his district, a position for which he is eminently fitted.

George Bauer, of Charlestown township, was born in Allegheny, Pa., February 6, 1852, son of John and Barbara Bauer, natives of Germany^ who were married in Pennsylvania. John, an iron worker in Pennsylvania, died when George was two days eld, leaving four children: Emma, Christina, John and George. The mother was married again to Gotlieb Jacob and they came to Minnesota in 1865, being among the first settlers of Charlestown township, Redwood county. He secured 160 acres of land and built a dug-out, which was later replaced by a log house, the logs being hauled from the river. At first they stayed with Charles Porter. The nearest neighbor was twelve miles away. New Ulm was the nearest milling place. Once when returning from New Ulm they were caught in a storm and attacked by wolves. The grasshoppers came and for several years destroyed their crops. Mr. Jacob was one of the organizers of the township. He sold his farm to Frank Holznagle and died at the age of 66 years. His wife died at the age of 66 years. The family faith was that of the German Lutheran church. George Bauer grew up in Charlestown township and later located a homestead in the township, which was "jumped" soon after he had built a log house on it. He then bought eighty acres of wild land without any improvements, in section 4, and built a shanty 14 by 16 and later he added 160 acres more and made many improvements. He moved to Sanborn January, 1916, and died March 13, 1916. He was married to Amelia Wolf Miller, born in Germany December 3, 1858, daughter of John and Dora Wolf, both natives of Germany, who lived and died there. She had married Carl Miller in Germany and at his death came to America with one child, Emma, in 1888, locating in Sundown township. She was married to Mr. Bauer the same year. Mr. and Mrs. Bauer have the following children : William, John, Edward, Walter, Ella, Paulina, Elsie and Leon. The family faith is that of the German Evangelical church.

Alexander William Wog, a thrifty farmer of Charlestown township, was born on his father's homestead April 12, 1881. He attended school in the old school of the section and grew to manhood on his father '8 farm. Then he began farming on a quarter section of land, a part of his father's farm, buying the old school house and converted it into a granary. In 1911 he bought the old Fischer farm, a tract of 80 acres in section 14, Charlestown township. He raises good stock and has fine fruit orchard of apples, plums and cherries. He has built a modern house and other good buildings. He is a stockholder in the Farmers' Elevator Company at Sanborn. Mr. Wog was married March 15, 1911, to Abigail Lockie, born in Illinois, July 16, 1885, daughter of James and Abigail (Castella) Lockie, both natives of Ireland, who came to Canada as a young married couple and later moved to Illinois. In 1892 they located in Willow Lake township, Redwood county, where they engaged in farming. They had a family of seven children, of whom six are now living. Mr. and Mrs. Wog have two children, Agneta and Ruth. The family faith is that of the Lutheran church at Sundown.

Ernest M. E. Burginger, an enterprising young farmer of Charlestown township, was born March 4, 1880, on the old homestead, section 22, Charlestown township, son of John and Johanna (Gaeger) Burginger. His parents were natives of Germany. They were married in London and came to the United States, first locating in Iowa and later came to Minnesota and settled at Sleepy Eye. In 1871 they moved to Charlestown township, where a brother, John, had settled on a homestead of 160 acres in section 22, where he put up a frame house and began farming. They had a team of oxen and began breaking ground. The nearest mill was at New Ulm. There were only five houses on the road from the farm to New Ulm, making it very difficult to keep in the road during snowstorms. For several years the grasshoppers destroyed the crops and the father had to work out to earn money to provide the family food and clothing. In time he built good buildings. He raised considerable grain and kept good stock. He was one of the organizers of the township. He died in 1908 at the age of 65 and his wife died in 1912 at the age of 73. They had ten children, of whom five are now living: John, Lena, Mary, Ernest and Frank. Ernest attended the district school of Sanborn and later engaged in farming. He is now located in section 28, Charlestown township, where he carries on diversified farming and raises good stock. He is a stockholder in the Farmers9 Elevator Com-* pany and the Farmers' Bank of Sanborn. He was married to Emma Saner, born in Wittenberg, Germany, February 22, 1883, daughter of David and Marie (Bauer) Sauer. There were six children in the family, all of whom came to America. Mr. and Mrs. Burginger have two children, Wilfred and Erwin.

August Trapp, a progressive farmer of Charlestown township, was born January 22, 1851, in Germany, son of Fritz Trapp. He emigrated from Germany when 22 years of age and came to Neenah, Wis. After three years he went to Charlestown township, Redwood county, Minnesota, where, in 1880, he homesteaded 80 acres in section 24. He built a frame house and put up a sod barn and farmed with a team of horses. Later he set out a grove and has since built a fine modern house and barn and brought his farm to a high state of cultivation. He now farms 380 acres and raises good stock. He is a stockholder in the Farmers' Elevator Company and Farmers' Bank at Sanborn. Mr. Trapp was married in 1879 to Bertha Neeb, daughter of John Neeb. Six children were born: Mollie, Gusta, Manda, Otto, Theodore and Susanna. The family faith is that of the German Lutheran church.

H. L. Single, one of the prominent farmers of Charlestown township, was born January 12, 1861, in Herman, Dodge county, Wisconsin, son of B. L. Ringle. The family moved to Lewistown, Winona county, Minn., in 1867, and here H. L. Ringle grew to manhood. At the age of 24 he came to Charlestown township, Redwood county, and located a homestead of 160 acres, where he now lives. It was all wild land when he bought it. By hard work and steady application to business he has prospered, having^now one of the best as well as one of the most picturesque farms in the county. He carries on general farming and raises good stock. His apple orchard contains fine Baldwin, Greenings, Ben Davis, Patent Greenings, Strawberry crabs and other varieties. He has set out a beautiful grove. His first house was a small structure, 16 by 24. He has now built a fine seven-room modern house, also a barn, 36 by 60. Other recent buildings are a 24 by 60 tool shed, a hog pen and a granary, 24 by 32, where the grain is put in as in the large town elevators and distributed to the various bins by means of carriers run by engine power. He has threshed grain for 36 years. He also raises many stands of bees. He now farms 360 acres in Redwood county and also 80 acres in Brown county. He has held various offices and is now justice of the peace and a member of the school board. He is a stockholder in the Farmers' Elevator Company at Sanborn. Mr. Ringle was married first to Maria Gehring and they had one child, Hulda. He was married a second time to Bertha Schlick. By this marriage there were eleven children: Adina, Auora, Lydia, Ernest, Amanda, Isaura, Helena, Lawrence, Anita, Carl and Mildred.

Chas. G. Tesmer, a retired farmer of Sanborn, Minn., was born in West Prussia, Germany, July 12, 1850, son of Daniel and Elizabeth (Schmidt) Tesmer. The father fought in the French-Prussian war and spent three days and nights in battle without food. He served six years after this and received seven medals, one of them being sent by the kaiser when he was 76 years old. He died in 1913 at the age of 85 and his wife died in 1915 at the age of 82. They had a family of twelve children. Charles G. Tesmer was the second youngest and he and his sister, Justine, now Mrs. Ford Gert, of Cottonwood county, were the only ones to come to the United States. Charles attended school in Germany, took up the tailor trade and worked at it for two years. Then desiring more active work he engaged in farm work. At the age of 19 he left for America and came to New Ulm in 1869. He hired out to a threshing crew at $1.00 per day and worked later at $6 per month, chopping fence posts and rails. In the spring he went to Waseca, where he worked for about two months. Then he worked on the railroad at Owatonna and Mankato. Next he went to Fillmore county and worked eight months for a farmer there to learn the methods of farming in the new country. Then he returned to New Ulm and again chopped cordwood. In the spring of 1872 he located a homestead in Germantown, Cottonwood county, getting a pre-emption claim of 160 acres, which he changed to a homestead three years later. He put up a 12 by 14 building and began farming with an ox team. He hired a neighbor boy to help on the farm and went to work on the railway at Sleepy Eye. He drove by ox team to New Ulm to get seed wheat, being three days on the trip, and paid at the rate of $1.00 per bushel, getting it on time at 12 per cent interest. He bought 40 bushels, which he sowed and most of the crop was destroyed by the grasshoppers, his crop yielding only 18 or 20 bushels. He then went to work at $2 per day to pay for the seed wheat. He repeated the sowing the next year, getting 20 bushels more at 80c per bushel, on time. The grasshoppers took this crop also. Then again he went out to work and earned money to pay for the seed used. The next year he sowed 18 bushels and from this he had a meagre crop but not enough to pay for his seed. The fourth year he got a crop which he sold at 40c per bushel. After this things began to improve and he added more land to his farm until he had half a section. He built a modern house and raised good stock. He held several township offices, having been clerk for fifteen years, clerk of the school district for fifteen years and justice of peace eighteen years. He was a member of the German Lutheran church and one of the organizers of the church. In 1901 he left the farm and built three dwellings in Sanborn, moving into one of these in 1902 and has lived there ever since. He has also held the office of mayor of Sanborn one term and was justice one and a half years. Mr. Tesmer was married in 1872 to Anna Semrow, a native of Prussia, Germany. She died April 19, 1886, at the age of 32, leaving the following children: Albert G., born October 16, 1873, deceased; Emil, born July 20, 1875, deceased; Carl G., born June 6, 1877, deceased; Adolph, born March 13, 1879; Benjamin R., born November 9, 1881; Leopold, born March 2, 1884; and Maria, born April 14, 1886.

James McGuire was born July 25, 1851, in Ontario, Canada, son of James and Catherine McGuire, both natives of Fermanagh county, North Ireland. James came to America in 1839 by sailing vessel and Catherine came in 1840. They were married in 1849, began farming and lived there until 1872 when they moved to Minnesota and joined their son James. There were four children in the family: James, Thomas, Bridget and Anna. James was the first to leave for the United States, coming in 1871. He located in 1872 on a homestead of 160 acres of wild land in section 26, Willow Lake township, and put up a small shack, 8 by 12. He traded his horse team for oxen. That same year his parents joined him with the rest of the family. He began to break up the land and sow seed but the grasshoppers took his crops and for five years there were hard times. Later things improved and he built a modern farm house. His father secured a homestead in section 36 and his brother Thomas got one in section 34. His father died in 1882, and his mother died in 1887. The family was the only one that remained during the winter of 1872. He worked together with his sister Bridget and brother Thomas and all three sold and bought several hundred acres of land. They raised good graded stock. Thomas died in 1912 at the age of 58 and James and Bridget retired from active work and moved to Sanborn, where they have lived ever since. Mr. McGuire was one of the early officers of the township. He held office of constable and road boss. The family faith is that of the Catholic church.

Louis Holznagel, a retired farmer of Sanborn, was born in Pomerania, Germany, March 31, 1850, son of .Frederick and Louisa (Blindow) Holznagel. They had three boys and two girls. Louis Holznagel served for four years in the German army, taking part in the war of 1871. At the age of 22 he came to the United States and landed at New York in the fall of 1872 without a penny to his name. A friend helped him to get as far as Chicago. He arrived there shortly after the great fire and found work. The next year he went to Wisconsin and did farm work at $1.00 per day. In the fall he went to Indiana and worked in the pineries all winter, going back to farm work in Wisconsin in the spring. In 1874 or 1875 he came to Minnesota and located on a farm in Greenwood prairie. Here his parents and their family joined him. He rented this farm for two years and then moved to Redwood county, locating a homestead of 160 acres of wild land in section 4, Charlestown township. Here he built a frame house, 14x20 and began farming. His nearest milling place was at Redwood Falls. In time he increased his farm to 460 acres. He lived there until three years ago when he retired from active work and moved to Sanborn. He held office as township supervisor for two years and was a member of the school board. He helped organize school district No. 45. He is a member of the Evangelical church, of which he is one of the founders and a charter member. Mr. Holznagel was married November 6, 1879, to Emma Jacob, born in Pennsylvania, August 10, 1861, daughter of Gottlieb and Barbara (Hopengofner) Jacob, both natives of Germany. Her parents located in Minnesota in 1862 after the Indian outbreak had been quelled, locating near New Ulm. Later they settled in Charlestown township, section 20, where her father homesteaded 160 acres of wild land and built a log house. They endured all the hardships of the early pioneers. The nearest milling place was at New Ulm and often they ground browned barley for coffee. They had many experiences with the snow storms, and the wolves were also bad. During the grasshopper siege a great part of their crops was destroyed. Her parents both died in Sanborn. Mr. and Mrs. Holznagel have had eleven children: John, born Aug. 24, 1880; Polly, born Feb. 8, 1882; Mary, born June 6, 1884 and died in infancy; Stena, born June 14, 1886; William, born Oct. 26, 1888; Elgin, born Feb. 26, 1891 ; Fritz, born Sept. 25, 1893; Clara, born July 20, 1895; Hattie, born Dec. 23, 1898; August, born July 30, 1900, and Louis, born March 2, 1902.

Mrs. Matilda Sohwahn was born in Chicago, November 18, 1845, daughter of Frank Trach and Catherine (Legro) Trach. Her father was born in Bohemia in 1827 and died in January, 1900. He was married in Bohemia to Catherine Legro, born November 25, 1823. They left for America with their two children : Catherine and Joseph, and located in Canada, then came to Chicago, and then to Manitowoc, Wis. He became very friendly with the Indains of Wisconsin, often going hunting with them. The other children born in America were: Matilda, William, Julius, Amelia, Celia and Frank. At the close of the Indian troubles in Minesota the family located in Germantown, Cottonwood county, and engaged in farming. They suffered much from the grasshoppers and met other hardships incident to pioneer life. Matilda Trach was married three times. She married Peter Manderfield, born in Prussia, Germany, who secured a timber claim in Cottonwood county, Minn., and began farming with a log cabin and ox team. After four years he died at the age of twenty-eight years. He was of the Catholic faith. She married the second time

Dr. Orson Allen Case, who practiced at Sanborn and was well known in the county. After ten years he died. She then married R. H. Schwahn and located on a farm of 240 acres in Redwood comity. After fifteen years he died. He was township officer several times. Mrs. Schwahn has had many varied pioneer experiences in her days in Wisconsin and later in Minnesota, and while her life has been one of many hardships she has prospered and enjoys her remaining days in the quiet of her beautiful home at Sanborn.

Edward Walter Flaig, a farmer of Charlestown township, was born on his father's homestead November 15, 1879, son of Michael and Helen (Blake) Plaig, natives of Germany and Ireland respectively, who were united in marriage in Qrant county, Wisconsin. Michael Flaig located later in Charlestown township, Redwood county, where he had secured a homestead and tree claim, each containing 80 acres of land. He built a rude frame building, 14x20, into which he moved with his large family. They came from Wisconsin by horse team but one horse died and he traded the other for an ox team and a cow. He made his own wagon, being a blacksmith by trade. During the grasshopper siege he lost his crops, but after a time conditions began to improve and he prospered and secured a section of land. He was an extensive grain raiser. He held township office and was chairman of the board of supervisors. He was active in public work and was influential in securing the station of Sanborn. He helped organize the first school. He was affiliated with the Masonic lodge at Springfield. He died Dec. 18, 1909, and his wife died March 17, 1907. Edward W. Flaig grew to manhood on his father's farm and engaged in farming for himself. He now has 320 acres of land under cultivation and raises good stock. He is a stockholder in the Farmers Co-operative Elevator, the Farmers Store and the Farmers Bank of Sanborn. Mr. Flaig was married to Mary Whelan, born in Charlestown township, daughter of John R. Whelan. Mr. and Mrs. Flaig have two children: Loraine and Loretta. They are members of the Catholic church.

Albert E. Cook, one of the most prominent hog raisers and auctioneers in Redwood county, was born in Fountain county, Indiana, January 23, 1858, son of William P. and Mary (Ships) Cook. He attended the schools of his neighborhood and later received a good commercial education. He grew to manhood on the farm and engaged in farming and at the age of twenty-five began for himself. He farmed for eight years in Illinois and then in 1897 located in Dakota, where he remained for one year. He then came to Redwood county, Minnesota, where he located in Lamberton township. In 1914 he. located on his present place in section 15, Charlestown township, where he now farms 120 acres of land. He raises full blooded Duroc Jersey hogs, having one of the best herds in the county and keeps a good grade of horses. He is a member of the Farmers Elevator at Lamberton. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Masonic lodge of Lamberton. He has been an auctioneer since he was twenty-five years of age and his services are always in demand. Mr. Cook was married March 28, 1888, to Anna F. Hunnel, a native of Knox county, Illinois, born Jan. 25, 1868. They have three children : William H., and Edward, are home. Delia R. married Wm. G. McGee and has one child, Edward L., and resides at Lamberton, this county.

Rudolph Kosel, one of the old pioneers of Charlestown township, now deceased, was born in Germany and came to Lewiston, Winona county, Minnesota, when a young man. He was a shoemaker by trade. He located a homestead in Charlestown township, Redwood county, in section 6, of 160 acres of wild land and here he put up a log house and a straw barn and began farming with a team of oxen. His son lives there now. He worked hard, and in time was able to increase his holdings, at one time owning 720 acres. The nearest milling places were at Redwood Falls, Sleepy Eye and New Ulm. He had several experiences with the blizzards and during one of these was obliged to make a dugout in the snow drift and remain there all night, having lost his way on a trip to the river for wood. For several seasons the grasshoppers destroyed his crops and he had to work out in order to earn a living for himself and family. He was a large stock raiser. He was affiliated with the I. 0. 0. F. of Sanborn and was one of its charter members. Mr. Eosel was married to Minnie Raddach, and fourteen children were born to them. Mr. Eosel died at the age of sixty-five years and his wife died when about sixty-four years of age. The family faith was that of the German Lutheran church.

William Kosel, son of Rudolph and Minnie Eosel, was born Dec. 17, 1877. He attended the country school and grew to manhood on his father's farm. After his marriage he began farming for himself and obtained 160 acres of land in section 23, Charlestown township. There were some old buildings on the place at the time of its purchase but he has since rebuilt and erected good buildings. He raises good stock and carries on general farming. He is a stockholder in the Farmers Elevator Company at Sanborn. Mr. Eosel was married to Anna Erahn, daughter of Carl Erahn, an old settler of Germantown, Cottonwood county. Three children have been born: Wilmer, Alvin and Edna. The family faith is that of the German Lutheran church.

John J. Welsh, a prosperous farmer of Charlestown township, was born in Ontario, Canada, Dec. 23, 1863, son of Ulick and Bridget Welsh. Ulick Welsh was a native of county Mayo, Ireland and came to America when eighteen years old in company with his sister Bridget. He grew to manhood in Canada, where he engaged in farming and also working in the North woods and did river driving. He was married in Canada and in 1870 moved to Minnesota, where he located a homestead of 160 acres in section 2, Charlestown township, Redwood county. It was all wild land. He put up a sod house. Here his two children, John and Catherine (now Mrs. C. A. Allen, of Iowa), joined him. He had a team of oxen and a cow. The nearest mill was at Redwood Falls. He died Feb. 12, 1907, at the age of eighty-eight and his wife died in 1866 in Canada. John hired out for work at an early age. After a time he took charge of the 80 acre homestead of his father. Groves had been set out by his father and he set out more groves and erected good buildings. He now farms a half section of land and raises Hereford cattle, Norman horses and Duroc Jersey hogs. He is a stockholder in the Farmers Elevator Company, the Farmers Store and the Farmers Bank of Sanborn. Mr. Welsh was married to Ellen Flaig January 22, 1890. The following children have been born to them : Sylvester J., Ethel, Catherine, Blanche, Walter, John, Helen, Margaret, Lucy (deceased) and Lenora all living home.

Henry F. Weber, an energetic farmer of Charlestown township, was born August 9, 1867, in Lewiston, Winona county, Minnesota. He received but little schooling, the teaching being done at home, and he grew up on a farm. He remained at home until he located his present place in section 27, Charlestown township where he began with 80 acres. His father helped him build a small house, and here he began farming for himself. He has made many improvements on the place as time has passed by. In 1911 he added 80 acres of land. He has built a new barn and erected other good farm buildings. He raises a good grade of Holstein cattle, Chester White hogs and carries on diversified farming. He is a stockholder in the Farmers Elevator Co. of Sanborn. Mr. Weber married Barbara Sauer, December 25, 1890. They have th% following children : Lida, Alelhaid, Herbert, William, David, Ernest, Carl, Ulca and one died in infancy.

Herman Yackel, a well known farmer of Charlestown township, was born near Lewiston, Minn., Oct. 29, 1871, son of Peter and Augusta (Liehman) Yackel, natives of Germany, who were married in Wisconsin. They settled in Winona county, near Lewiston, and rented a farm. In 1882 they moved to Charlestown township and located on a tract of 160 acres 50 of which were broken. Good buildings were erected and more land added. The father died May 17, 1915, at the age of seventy-six, and his wife died thirty years ago at the age of about fifty. There were ten children in the family, Herman being the seventh. He attended school in Charlestown township and grew to manhood there, remaining with his father and took charge of the old home- stead. He is a stockholder in the Farmers Elevator Company of Sanborn. Mr. Yackel was married to Rosa Stock of Lewiston, Minn., whose parents were early settlers there. Mr. and Mrs* Yackel have three children : Harold, Oscar and Earl.

Charles Q. Trapp, a prominent farmer and stockraiser of Charlestown township, was born in Pomerania, Germany, April 18, 1856, son of Fritz Trapp, who brought his family to the United States in 1874 and located in Wisconsin. After three years they moved to Minnesota, locating in Charlestown township, Redwood county. Charles Trapp secured a homestead of 160 acres of land in section 20, Charlestown township, where he now lives. He has erected good buildings and added 80 acres to his farm in section 21. He is a stockholder in the Farmers Elevator Co. and the Farmers State Bank of Sanborn. Mr. Trapp was married to Annestena Eennese, a native of Germany. They have had seven children: Albert, Reinhardt, Alma, Anna, Herbert, Clarence, Arthur, deceased.

John Q. H. Scharmann, one of the active and enterprising farmers of Charlestown township, was born in Lewiston, Minn., Dec. 30, 1869, son of George and Elizabeth (Huehneogorth) Scharmann, natives of Germany and was married there. They emigrated to the United States with their child, Catherine, in 1865 and came to Lewiston, where they rented a farm. John and Edward were born there. In 1872 they came by horse team to Charlestown township and located on 160 acres of land in section 34. They built a small frame house and began farming. Minnie was born here. They suffered much from the snow and grasshoppers. One crop was harvested before the grasshoppers came and then for five years they had no crops. The father had to seek work elsewhere to provide food and clothing for the family. After the grasshopper siege things were better and he began to prosper. In time he added 240 acres of land to his farm and built a good house. He was a member of the German Lutheran church. He died Sept. 15, 1904, at the age of seventy and his wife died Oct. 6, 1891, at the age of fifty-two. John Scharmann attended the district school of the neighborhood and lived on his father's farm until he located on his present place in section 27, where he began with 160 acres. He now farms 320 acres. He has a good modern house. He raises good grade of stock of all kinds. He is a stockholder in the Farmers Elevator and of both banks at Sanborn, also the telephone company. He has been chairman of the board of supervisors. He was married to Amelia Struemke Jan. 30, 1873, daughter of Gotlieb and Augusta Struemke. She came with her parents from Germany to the United States when eight years old and lived at Springfield. Mr. and Mrs. Scharmann have four children: Aurelia, George, Edna and Lester.

John Neeb, a substantial farmer of Charlestown township, was born in Dodge county, Wisconsin, Dec. 31, 1859, son of Henry and Catherine (Stuck) Neeb, natives of Germany. Henry Neeb came to Wisconsin in 1855, and Catherine Stuck came in 1856, both locating in Wisconsin, where they were married. They moved onto a farm in Dodge county, built a log cabin and farmed with one team of oxen. Three children were born in Wisconsin: Minnie, John and Bertha. In 1862 the family moved to Lewiston, Minn., and here three more children were born: Henry, Julius and Caroline. In 1872 they moved to Charlestown township, coming with a horse team and covered wagon and secured a homestead of 160 acres in section 24. Elizabeth was born here. A frame building was put up which is now part of the present house ; a sod barn was also built. They had two cows. The grasshoppers took the first crop, and it was not until 1877 that they raised a good crop. The father worked out in order to earn a living for the family. During one of the severe snow storms he was lost for three days. He held township offices. The first school was taught in his house and he was one of the organizers of one of the first school districts. He was a member of the Lutheran church. He died at the age of fifty-two years, and his wife died at the age of forty-five years. John Neeb received his schooling at the school held in his father's home, and grew up on the farm, and now has charge of it. He raises good stock. He has been assessor for the past three years. He is a stockholder in the Farmers Store and Farmers Elevator Co. Mr. Neeb was married May 20, 1884, to Frederica Trapp, born May 15, 1864, in Germany and came to America with her parents when seven years old. Mr. and Mrs. Neeb have had the following children : Gusta, Lillie and Elizabeth and four boys who are dead: John, Bernard, Henry and Edward.

Alexander Wog was born in Dalsland, Sweden, son of Ole Rhenhard Wog. His father died* when Alexander was a child. He came to America when a young man in 1869, stopping at St. Paul. He worked in the pineries for a time and then came to Charlestown township in company with Ole Burg, Daniel Tromberg and August Strong, all now deceased. Mr. Wog located 80 acres in section 10 and built a shanty 12x14, set out a grove and began farming. At first he used horses in partnership with Mr. Burg but later he bought a team of oxen. He also had one cow. His wife spun the yarn for the stockings, mittens and caps used by the family. Shoes were made by knitting the tops and making leather soles. The grasshoppers took several qrops during the first years. Redwood Falls wa$ the nearest milling place. By dint of hard work he began to prosper and in, time added 80 acres more to his farm. He was interested in public affairs of tie township and helped secure the station at Sanborn. Lam- berton at that time was only a siding. He held office on the school board and was one of the organizers of the old school district. He was married Sept. 12, 1874, in Minneapolis, to Agnetta Danielson, born in Wermland, Sweden, April 24, 1846, and came to the United States in 1870 with her brother Daniel, locating at St. Paul. Mr. and Mrs. Wog have five children: Daniel, Carl, Gust, William and Alfred. He died June 23, 1887, at the age of thirty-nine years.

J. Alfred Wog was born Dec. 22, 1884, son of Alexander and Agnetta Danielson Wog. He remained at home and engaged in farming, taking charge of the farm. He farms 280 acres and raises good stock. He built a modern house. He is a stockholder in the Farmers Elevator Co. and the Farmers State Bank of Sanborn. Mr. Wog was married to Lillie Lockie, and they have one child, Abigal Lockie Wog.

Charles Hensch of Charlestown township was born in Brandenburg, Germany, Jan. 22, 1866, son of William and Louisa (Herzoe) Hensch, natives of Germany. They came to America with their four children: Gusta, Charles, Herman and William. They located in Washington county Minnesota, where the father worked out and later rented a farm. He died in Blue Earth county at the age of seventy years. The children born in Minnesota were: Lucy and Minnie. Charles Hensch attended school in Washington county and grew to manhood there. He learned the blacksmith trade. After a time he went to Lake Crystal, Blue Earth county, where he lived for twelve years. Then he came to Charlestown township and secured 160 acres of land. He has improved the place, added buildings and brought his land to a high state of cultivation, and raises 0. 1. C. hogs, Holstein cattle, and keeps a good grade of horses. He has served as justice of the peace and road boss. For several years he served on the board of supervisors and at present is the treasurer of the school board. He is a stockholder in the Farmers Elevator Co. and the Farmers Co-operative Store of Sanborn. Mr. Hensch married Margaret Mayer and they have the following children : George, Carl, Walter, Theodore, William, Louisa, Edna and Leonard. The family faith is that of the German Lutheran church.

Hemy Mayer was born in Germany, Jan. 7, 1839, son of George Henry and Elizabeth Margot (Gluckner) Mayer. George was a farmer in Germany and came to New York July 4, 1850, with five children : Jacob, Elizabeth, Henry, Antoine and Peter. Another child, George, was born in Wisconsin. George Mayer went to Dodge county, Wisconsin and located some land. He built a log cabin and began farming with an ox team. Milwaukee was the nearest market. He remained there fourteen years and then sold out and moved to Winona county, locating near Lewiston. After four years he moved to Blue Earth county, where he farmed for four years and then died at the age of seventy -five. His wife died at the age of eighty. They were members of the German Lutheran church. Henry Mayer received his schooling in Germany and was about eleven years old when he came to the United States. There was little opportunity for going to school in Wisconsin. He came to Minnesota as a young man and lived with his father about four years and then, in 1868, started farming for himself on 160 acres near Lake Crystal, Blue Earth county. He built a frame house 14x19 and a straw barn, and began to farm with an ox team, one cow, and a hen with chickens. He endured aU the hardships of the pioneer days and suffered much from the snow storms and grasshoppers, losing his crops several years in succession. He lived there thirty-five years. In 1901 they moved to Charlestown township, where they are still living. Mr. Mayer married Margaret Ohlis in 1866, born in Germany May 29, 1844, daughter of George and Engel Henns, natives of Germany. There were four children in the family: Henry, Engel, Jochin and Margaret. Mr. and Mrs. Mayer have had eleven children: Henrietta, Elizabeth, now Mrs. Pope; Margaret, now Mrs. Hanach ; George, Henry, Antoine P., died in infancy; Adolph and three who died in infancy.

Christopher Whelan, an early settler of Willow Lake township, of which he was a well known and respected citizen for many years, was a native of Canada, and came from that country in 1872, with his wife, Jane (Roach) Whelan, and their family of ten children to Minnesota, settling at Delano, Wright county. In 1872 he came to Redwood county and took a homestead of 160 acres in section 34, Willow Lake township. In the spring of 1873 he brought his family and took up his home here. All the children came with him, except a daughter, Clara, who never came to this county. On commencing farming operations here Mr. Whelan put up a small building and bought a team of oxen and a few cows. At first he had serious difficulties to contend with and many discouragements. In 1874 and for several succeeding years the grasshoppers came and destroyed his crops and thbse of his neighbors, but he persevered and in time reaped his reward. After a while he secured another claim of timber land. He became a prominent man in the community and was selected to serve on the township board and also on the school board. Being a devoted member of the Catholic church, religious services in the early days were held at his home, and in time he had the satisfaction of helping to build St. Mathias Catholic Church in Willow Lake township. Mr. Whelan died in 1898, when he had attained the advanced age of seventy-nine years, after an industrious and well spent life. His wife was not long in following him to the Better Land, passing away in November, 1900, at the age of seventy-five. She, too, had done her part, having been a faithful helpmeet to her husband, a careful housewife and a good mother. They had in all thirteen children, three of whom, however, died young. The ten who grew up were: John R., Joseph, William, Clara, Nora, Christ W., Lewis, Mark, Michael and Hannah.

John R. Whelan was born in Carleton county, Ontario, Canada, November 7, 1846, son of Christopher and Jane (Roach) Whelan, who were natives of Canada. From that country they came to Minnesota in 1872, first settling in Wright county, but soon after in Willow Lake township, Redwood county. John R. was a young man when he came with the family to Minnesota. In 1872 he secured a homestead of wild land in section 2, Charlestown township, set out a grove and built a house and barn. He subsequently acquired more land and carried on diversified farming, keeping a good grade of Shorthorn cattle. He was a member of the Farmers Elevator Company, a director in the Farmers Bank at Sanborn, and a stockholder in the Wanda Bank. He also rendered useful service on the school board. His death, which occurred February 14, 1916, was widely regretted. Mr. Whelan was married to Ellen Dooner, who was born in Canada, daughter of John Dooner, her father being a native of Ireland, who later located in Willow Lake township, Redwood county. Mr. and Mrs. Whelan had the following children: Andrew Joseph; William Henry, of Minneapolis; John Christopher; James Norman, who died February 22, 1908 ; Maria Jennette, now Mrs. Edward Flaig of Charlestown township ; Jane Angeline, who died July 22, 1913, and Elmer, who is residing on the home farm. The family faith is that of the Catholic church. After a useful and active life, Mrs. Whelan died July 24, 1895.

John Christopher Whelan, a rising young farmer of Charlestown, was born on his father's homestead, Nov. 30, 1881. He attended the district school and grew to manhood on the home place, after which lie rented the farm. He also owns one quarter of section 3, Charlestown township. He carries on general farming, raising good stock and is, besides, a member of the Farmers Elevator Company, the farmers Store and the Farmers State Bank. Mr. Whelan was married Feb. 23, 1909, to Martha Black, who was born at Sleepy Eye June 2, 1884, daughter of John Black, a meat dealer and carpenter who later located at Sanborn. Mr. and Mrs. Whelan 's children are: Everett, Helen, James and tElaine.

Emil J. Monde, a successful farmer of Charlestown township, was born in Wabasha county, Minnesota, Oct. 16, 1868, son of John and Johanna Moude, both natives of Germany. In 1867 they emigrated to America with their three children: Anna, Matilda and Gusta, coming by sailing vessel. They were twentyeight days on the water. They stopped a short time in New York and then went to Reeds Landing, Wabasha, where they re- mained one year. In 1871 they drove by ox team to Redwood county and located in the southeast quarter of section 30, Charlestown township, on Dutch Charley Creek, where they put up a stove and a clay building. The second building was of logs and later they had a frame building. The snow storms were very severe and once during a blizzard Mr. Moude lost his way. For several years the grasshoppers destroyed his crops, but in time he prospered and added more land, securing 80 acres of land by pre-emption. He died in 1897 at the age of seventy-two and his wife died Dec. 10, 1891, at the age of sixty-four years. They were members of the Evangelical church. Emil J. Woude grew to manhood on his father's farm and took charge of the old homestead. He has erected a new barn and made extensive improvements. He raises a good grade of Red Poll cattle and 0. I. C. and Chester White hogs. He farms about 135 acres. He has held township offices, having been supervisor for three years and also director of the school board for five years and clerk of same for ten years. He is a stockholder in the Farmers Elevator Company of Lambert on. Mr. Moude was married in 1889 to Agnes Schonlach, a native of Wisconsin. Ten children were born to them : Martin, Lucy, William,. Fern, Lee, Nona, Elsie, Everett, Leonard and

Ootlieb Radach, now deceased, and one of the pitJneers of Charlestown township," was born in Brandenburg, Germany, March, 1811. He married Caroline Schitz and with their three children, August, Caroline and Minnie, they came to America in 1855 and homesteaded in Herman township, Dodge county, Wis-- consin. In the fall of 1862 he moved to Lewiston, Minn., and lived there for a time. Then he secured a homestead of 80 acres in section 24, Charlestown township, Redwood county. It was all wild land and he set to work to break up the land with a team of oxen. He set out a grove and erected good buildings. His first house was a small building, 14 by 16 feet. Like many other settlers he suffered from the severe winter storms and from the grasshoppers which destroyed his crops for five years. Half of his homestead was "jumped," so that he had only 40 acres. He was one of the organizers of Sanborn and held township office. The children born in the United States were Mary and Ferdinand. The family faith was that of the German Lutheran church.

Ferdinand Radach, a progressive farmer of Charlestown town, ship, was born in Herman township, Dodge county, Wis., May 15, 1855, son of Gotlieb and Caroline Radach. He was brought by his parents to Lewiston and later to Charlestown township, Redwood county, Minn. Here he attended the school held at the home of Mr. Neeb and taught by a Mr. Wagner. He grew to manhood here and engaged in farming, locating 160 acres in section 24. It was all wild land and five acres had been broken. He set out a fine grove and built a frame house, 18 by 14, which has since been replaced with a modem house. When he first started farming he had a team of oxen and two cows. Besides his farm in Redwood county he also farms 80 acres in Brown county. He is a member of the Farmers' Elevator Company. Mr. Radach was married to Mary Winter. They have had the following children : Ben, Lawrence, Esther, Anna, John, Otto, Eda, Dena and Laura.

John Weber, now deceased, was born in Germany in 1826 and died April 17, 1912, in Charlestown township, Redwood county, Minnesota. His parents came to America by sailing vessel and located in Wisconsin when he was 19 years of age. He farmed in Wisconsin until 1864 when he came to Winona county, Minnesota, and located near Utica and Lewiston. In 1871 he came to Charlestown township and located 160 acres of wild land and here he built a log and frame building and began farming. He broke up the land, set out a good grove and in time built modern buildings and added 160 acres more to his farm. He held township office and was one of the organizers of the township. He helped organize the German Lutheran church. Mr. Weber was married in Wisconsin to Mary Stock, who came to America from Germany with her mother when 15 years of age. Her father had died in Germany. They also located in Wisconsin. His wif^died in 1902 at the age of 63 years. There were nine children in the family.

John H. Weber, son of John and Mary Weber, was born in Wisconsin, February 16, 1863, and brought to Redwood county when eight years old. He grew to manhood in Charlestown township and had but meagre opportunity for an education. He took up farming on 80 acres of partly improved land and has since bought 160 acres adjoining. He set out a grove and in time built a modern house and a barn, 40 by 62. He carries on diversified farming and raises good Holstein cattle. He is a stockholder in the Telephone Company, the Farmers 9 State Bank, the Farmers' Store of Sanborn, and also director of the Farmers' Elevator of Sanborn. He has held township office and is the present township treasurer. He was married to Tillie Holznagel, daughter of Frederic Holznagel. Five children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Weber : Martha, Ella, Reinhardt, Arthur and Beata. The family faith is that of the German Lutheran church.

Otto J. Weber was born May 21, 1878, in the log cabin on his father's homestead on section 26, Charlestown township, Redwood county, son of John and Mary (Stock) Weber. He attended the district school of his locality and grew to manhood on the home farm. He then bought the homestead and engaged in farming for himself. He has made many improvements and additions. He carries on diversified farming and raises a good grade of stock. He is a stockholder in the Farmers' Elevator Company of Sanborn. Mr. Weber married Emelia Kosel, born in Charlestown township, daughter of Rudolph and Wilhelmina Kosel, old pioneers of the county. Mr. and Mrs. Weber have five children : Lunetta, Roy, Ruth, Melvin, and Noreen. The family faith is that of the German Lutheran church.

Edward Leopold was born April 24, 1879, on section 28, Charlestown township, Redwood county, on the homestead of his father, Jacob Leopold. He received but little schooling and he grew to manhood on the farm. He remained at home on the farm until 1902, when he secured a tract of 160 acres of land in section 21. There were a couple of old buildings on the place and here he began farming for himself. In time he will have a good farm, and raise good stock. He is a stockholder in the Farmers ' Elevator, the Farmers' Store and also the Farmers' State Bank, all of Sanborn. He was married to Henriette Pape. They have had the following children : Alvin, Myrtle and Orland. The family faith is that of the German Lutheran church.

Jacob Leopold, a well-known farmer of Charlestown township, was born in Saxony, Germany, October 30, 1841, son of George and Elizabeth (Runnel) Leopold. His father was a tailor by trade. He died at the age of 86 and his wife died at the age of 87. They had six children: Louisa, Caroline, .Elizabeth, John, Adam and Jacob. Jacob received his schooling in Germany and in 1860 emigrated to America, coming by sailing vessel, the voyage taking 42 days, he landing at Baltimore. Then he went to Pennsylvania, where he learned the baker's and confectioner's trade, which he followed until he settled in Minnesota. In 1863 he enlisted in Company H, Thirty-Ninth New York Volunteers, and served two years and five months. He took part in the battle of the Wilderness and at Petersburg and Gettysburg. After the war he returned to Pittsburg, Pa. In 1878 he made a trip to Charlestown township, Redwood county, Minn., and bought 160 acres of land in section 28. The nearest milling places were Windom, Redwood Falls and New Ulm. He erected buildings and added 160 acres more to his farm. He raises Duroc Jersey hogs and keeps a good grade of Shorthorn cattle and horses. He held township office, having been assessor four years. He also served on the school board 25 years. He is a stockholder in the Farmers' Elevator Company, Sanborn, and in the Farmers' State Bank. Mr. Leopold was married to Sophia Wagner, a native of Germany. Seven children were born, of whom five are living: William, Fredericka, John, Carolina and Mena. Mrs. Leopold died in 1876 at the age of 35. Mr. Leopold was married the second time in 1878 to Mary Ellen Bernhardt, born February 22, 1856, in Butler county, Pennsylvania, daughter of Abraham and Rachel (Faninger) Barnhardt. Mr. Bamhardt died January 12, 1904, at the age of 72 and his wife died at the age of 76 years. There were six children in the family, of whom five are living: James, Henry, Reuben,

Martin Christensen, a prosperous farmed of Sundown township, was born Dec. 6, 1867, in Denmark, son of James Martin and Caroline (Frederickson) Christensen. James M. Christensen was born May 6, 1836, in Denmark, son of Chris and Inger Petersen, farmers of that country. They had the following children: Jorgen, Peter, Marie, Antoinia and James. He was married in 1867 to Caroline Frederickson, born Jan. 8, 1845. They came to the United States in 1873 with two children: Martin F. and Inger, locating at New Ulm, Minn., where the father did brick work for two years and in 1875 located a homestead of 80 acres of wild land in section 32, Sundown township. He made a dugout and a straw barn and began farming there with one cow, a team of oxen and a few chickens. He set out a grove, and in time built a house and barn and added 40 acres more. Martin Christensen was five years old when his parents brought him to the United States. He did not have much opportunity to attend school until he was fifteen or sixteen years old. He attended the Lutheran school at Westbrook a few months. At the age of twenty-three he struck out for himself and bought 120 acres in section 31, to which he made additions from time to time so that at the end of three years he owned 320 acres. He set out groves and built a house and other needed farm buildings. After a time he moved to Clements and bought and sold stock. He also conducted a meat market for one and a half years. Then he moved to a farm three miles northeast of Clements and farmed 141 acres for a year. He sold out and returned to Clements. After a year he returned to his farm in Sundown township, where he lives now. He makes a specialty of feeding stock for the market. He has been a thresher for twenty-eight years and owned his threshing outfit for twenty-six years. He began with the old horsepower machine, but has since secured more up-to-date machinery. He served as a member of the school board of Clements and Sundown township. Mr. Christensen was married to Mary Olson, daughter of Ole C. Olson of Sundown. She died at the age of twenty-eight years, leaving the following children : Jessie, Olga, Elsie and Levi. He married the second time Anna Christensen, born in Brown county, daughter of Hans Christensen of Denmark. By this marriage there have been the following children : Maggie, Myrtle, Harley, Brown, Eldred, Roland and Milton.

Ole 0. Olson of Sundown township was born in Denmark, Dec. 13, 1849, son of Ole and Christina Marie Jensen. Ole Jensen was a farmer of Denmark and died at the age of sixty-three, when Ole C. was eleven years old. He left ten children : five by the first wife, Andre, and five by the second wife, Christina. The oldest half brother, James S. Johnson, came to Minnesota, soon followed by Ole C. The rest of the family came in 1870, first coming to Lanesboro, Minn., then living at Mankato one year and then moving to New Ulm, where they remained for three years. In 1871 Ole C. homesteaded a tract of eighty acres in section 28, Sundown township, but did not move to the place until three years later. He built a mud house, 12x16, made of clay brick, dried in the sun, and a sod barn. The first year he hired his breaking done, but the second year he used a pair of three-year-old steers. He managed to get one crop from his land before the grasshoppers came, raising about 160 bushels of wheat the first year, of which he saved 110 for flour and seed. He then went to Mankato to earn some money and paid his brother $50 to put in a crop for him, but the grasshoppers destroyed most of it, the yield being only fifty-seven bushels, of which the brother received half. However, more attempts were made and after a time he was successful. He set out a grove and in time added 240 acres and erected good farm buildings. The nearest milling places were at Redwood Palls and New Ulm, the trip to New Ulm taking a week by ox team. He carried on general farming and raised good stock. He held township office and also served on the school board. Mr. Olson was married in Denmark in 1870 to Elsie Peterson. They have had the following children: Mary, Ole, James R., Emma, Laura, Andrew, Matilda and George. The family worship at the Lutheran church. Mrs. Olson died in 1896. The son, Ole, now conducts the home farm.

ML F. Hammett was born in New York State in 1865. son of M. L. and Janet Hammett. His mother died when he was three years old. His father was born in New York in 1825 and engaged in farming, moving to Rice county, Minnesota, in 1873, where he bought 160 acres of land. Then he moved to northern Minnesota and bought 120 acres and lived there till his death in 1908. There were eight children in the family: John, Guy, Sam, Milton, Jennie, Jessie, Nellie, Hannah and M. F. M. F. Hammett remained at home until twenty-one years old, when he came to Redwood county and bought 80 acres in section 12, Sundown township. Here he began farming. His first crop was very small. He built a house in 1887, 12x14 and a straw shed for a barn. He has prospered and from time to time has made additions to his farm, until now he has a 400 acre farm in Sundown and 360 acres in northern Minnesota and Dakota. In 1900 he built a sevenroom house. In 1902 he built a barn 44x60 and other farm buildings, such as granaries, machine shop and the like. He carries on general farming and raises good stock. Mr. Hammett was married June 13, 1888, to Myrtle Martter. Two children have been born to these parents: Clarence and Maud. The family worship at the Methodist church.

Henry Kagd, a prominent pioneer of Sundow township, was born in Prussia, Germany, Nov. 7, 1847, son of Carl and Anna (Blech) Kagel, natives of Germany, who lived and died there. There were seven children in the family : Carl, William, Henry G., Henrietta, Amelia, Rosa and Caroline. Henry came to the United States in 1869 with his sister Henrietta and her husband, John Lipelsky, who later settled in section 20, Sundown township, Redwood county, Minnesota. Henry and his brother-in-law spent a summer and two winters in Fond du Lac, Wis., and then came to Redwood county and located in section 20, Sundown township. He built a sods shanty and a rude dugout for a cellar. He also built a straw barn. The first year he worked out at $20 per month to earn money to buy a team of oxen and cow. He set out a grove and began breaking the ground. The nearest milling place was at New Ulm. Later it was at Redwood Falls. He suffered all the hardships of the early settler. Once he was lost in a snow storm when after wood and had to stay for three days at Mr. Radock's shanty. He tells of getting his first large iron kettle and crossing the country on foot with it. When he came to the North branch of the river he started to swim across pushing the kettle with one hand in a small boat which capsized and the kettle went to the bottom. He returned a couple of weeks later and fished up the kettle. As time passed he prospered and made improvments on his farm as needed. He added 240 acres of land in section 19, farmed until 1913. In March, 1916, he moved to Springfield, Minn. Mr. Eagel was married July 9, 1877, to Louisa Gouye, born May 18, 1857, in Jackson county Indiana, daughter of Phillip and Dora Gouye, of French and German descent respectively. Her father died when Louisa was nine years old. There were five children in the family : George, Louisa, Lottie, Eatie and Maggie. Mr. and Mrs. Eagel have had twelve children : Gustave, Anna, Louisa, Paul, Carl, John, Rosella, Wilhelmina, Charlotta, Ida, Henry and Dorethea, the last two named being dead.

Peter Thorsten, one of the leading farmers and stock raisers of Sundown township, was born January 25, 1875, in Norway, son of Elling Skjordal who received his surname from the old home place in Norway where he was born in 1850. Elling Skjordal was a farmer and a stone mason. He and his wife emigrated from Norway in 1881 with their family of seven children : Theodore ; Paulina ; Tillie G. ; Anna ; Peter ; Martin ; and Sophia. They went to Sundown township, Redwood county, Minnesota, where Mr. Skjordal had a brother, Lars Thorsten. The children all took the surname of Thorsten. Mr. Skjordal bought 80 acres of land in section 30, where he began farming with a team of oxen. There was an old house and a straw barn on the place. He set out groves, built good buildings and added a quarter sec- tion of land. He was a shareholder in the old Sundown Creamery. The children born in Minnesota were Laura and John. Peter Thorsten remained at home until 1903, he began farming for himself in 1897 on the home place. Later he purchased 240 acres of land in section 4, Waterbury township, from the Winona and St. Peter Land Company, and about 1894 he traded it for 160 acres of the old John Lipetsky place in section 20, Sundown township. There were old buildings on the place. He built a modern house and barn and also a 120-ton silo. He raises Shorthorn cattle, Chester White hogs, Percheron and Belgian horses. He is a member of the school board. Mr. Thorsten was married to Elizza Petersen, daughter of Chris Petersen of Sundown. Mr. and Mrs. Thorsten have five children: Mable, Serene A, Chester E, Alta E, deceased, and Sylvia E.

John Edmondson, a well known farmer of Sundown township, was born in Lancashire, England, March 1, 1865 son of Thomas and Sarah (McClannan) Edmonson, natives of England and farmers there. There were ten children in the family, John being fourth oldest. One of his brothers, Thomas, came to America and engaged in mining in the Pennsylvania coal mines. Here John joined him in 1890. His brother was killed in an accident in the mine and John, after a year's work there, went westward, first locating in South Dakota and later came to Brown county, Minnesota, settling near Springfield, where he worked for three and a half years for George Potter on his farm. Then he rented land from him for eight years and in 1900 bought his present place in Sundown township, Redwood county. He secured 160 acres of improved land and has since made many improvements. He raises Shorthorn cattle, Poland China swine and a good grade of Percheron horses. He has been president of the Sundown Creamery and has been supervisor of the township for twelve years. He served as school clerk for twelve years. Mr. Edmondson wa£ united in marriage to Elizabeth Marie Enghusen, a native of Denmark, and they have the following children : Sarah, Marion, Esther Elizabeth and Wilfred. Thomas William, and Herbert Edward are dead. The family faith is that of the Methodist church.

Alfred P. Orth, now deceased, was born January 24, 1863, in Stephenson county, Illinois, son of Phillip and Anna Orth. He spent the greater part of his life in Illinois, residing in that state until October, 1902, when he bought 393 acres of land in section 6, New Avon township, Redwood county, Minnesota. In 1910 he bought 320 acres in section 34, Sheridan township and moved to the latter place in 1912. At the time of his death, September 21, 1913, he owned both these farms. In 1912 Mr. Orth built a fine substantial barn, 36x60 feet, and in 1914, a modern twelve -room house, equipped with furnace heat and electric lights, the storage batteries being in the basement of the house. The farm is well improved and up-to-date in every way, electric lights being used in all the farm buildings. Four acres are planted in fruit and 100 acres in clover and timothy. A specialty is made of feeding and shipping cattle and swine for the market, one carload of each being shipped each year. Shorthorn cattle and Duroc swine are raised. While in Winnebago county, Illinois, Mr. Orth held several offices, including those of school district and road commissioners. Mr. Orth was married December 8, 1892, to Jennie E. Brinker, who was born August 27, 1871. She is a daughter of Joseph Brinker, a retired farmer of Stephenson county, Illinois, and his wife, Mathilda (Kern) Brinker, who died in 1889 at the age of forty-five years. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Orth are : Leon, born August 16, 1893; Myron, October 5, 1896, and Leda, February 8, 1901. Mrs. Orth and her children live on the home place in section 34 and manage both farms.

Paul A. Callaghan, banker, business man and educator, cashier of the Citizens State Bank of Wabasso and secretary of the Wabasso Building and Loan Association, was born in Sundown township, this county, November 16, 1875, son of Patrick 0. and Mary (Wandrey) Callaghan, the pioneers. He was reared on the home farm, passed through the schools of his neighborhood and the Springfield (Minnesota) high school and in 1900 was graduated from the advanced course of the Mankato (Minnesota) State Normal school. With this preparation he served for two years as principal of the graded school at Avoca, this state. In 1902 he became cashier of the State Bank of Wanda. In August, 1905, he assumed a similar position with the State Bank of Wabasso. When this institution was merged into the Citizens State Bank in November of that year Mr. Callaghan became cashier of the amalgamated institution. Aside from his business interests Mr. Callaghan has taken his part in public affairs and has done good service as village treasurer and as a member of the school board. Mr. Callaghan was married June 14, 1905 to Bertha B. Rector, born March 24, 1882, in Fennimore, Wisconsin, daughter of Fredrick E. Rector, a native of Germany, now of Fennimore, and his wife, Emma (Osborne) Rector, who died in 1906. Mr. and Mrs. Callaghan have two children: Paul O., born October 15, 1909, and Robert W. born July 9, 1914.

Patrick O. Callaghan, pioneer, now living a retired life in Redwood Falls, has been a resident of this county for more than 45 years, and during that time has taken his part in its progress and development. He was born in County Cork, Ireland, March 17, 1847, was there reared and received such little schooling as the neighborhood afforded. He was an ambitious boy and desiring to better himself, he set out for New York in 1861 when only 14 years of age. That same year the Civil war broke out and al« though young Patrick 0. was of too tender years to serve in that great conflict he did his share by working as a cabin boy on transports, carrying the Union troops. After the war, he lived for a while in the cities of New Haven and Bridgeport, Conn. It was in 1866 that he came to Minnesota and located in Washington county, where he succeeded in securing work as a farm hand. In 1871 he found his way to Redwood county and the following spring took up a homestead of 160 acres in section 18, Sundown township. Starting with the crudest equipment and working under the most primitive circumstances, he gradually built up a fine farm, erected suitable buildings, carried on general farming and livestock raising and in time achieved prosperity. In 1909, after a long life, filled with hard work, he disposed of his farm and moved to his present home in Redwood Falls. While never active in politics, Mr. Callaghan served several years as township assessor and has always taken a deep interest in public affairs. Mr. Callaghan was married in October, 1874, to Mary Wandrey, who was born in Posen, Germany, October 1, 1853, daughter of Ernst and Josephine (Richaleau) Wandrey, pioneers of Sundown township. Mr. and Mrs. Callaghan have been blessed with nine children: Paul A., Josephine M., William R., Emil E., Mattie E., Katherine L., Patrick H., Helen E., and Morris B. Paul A. is cashier of the Citizens' State Bank of Wabasso, this county. Jose* phine M. is the wife of Henry Johnson of Milroy, this county. William R. lives in Waseca, this state. Emil E. lives in Luseland, Saskatchewan, Canada. Mattie E. married John P. Snyder of Marshall, this state. Katherine L. married Merritt Caughlan and lives in Mankato, this state. Harry lives in Forsyth, Montana. Helen E. is a librarian. Morris B. is at Sumatra, Mont.

Ernst Wandrey, a pioneer of Sundown township, was born in Germany and was there reared. In 1854 he came to America and located at Pond du Lac, Wis., where he worked in a factory for several years. In 1863 he came to this state and purchased land near Cottage Grove, in Washington county, Minnesota. Prom there, in 1871, he -came to this county and homesteaded 166 acres in section 18, Sundown township, where he lived until his death in 1885. Like the other pioneers, he endured many hardships and year by year achieved prosperity. Mr. Wandrey was married in Germany to Josepha Richaleau, who was born in that country, came to America with her husband, lived with him until his death and died at Wanda, in this county, in 1903.

James M. Little, a well-known farmer of Vail township, was born in Richmond, Va., October 4, 1863, son of Theodore and Sarah (Braggs) Little. His father was a native of Massachusetts and followed his profession as druggist in Virginia and later moved to Iowa, where he engaged in farming and died in 1902 at the age of 84 and a half years. His wife was also a native of

Massachusetts and died in 1899 at the age of 73 years. James M. Little bought an 80-acre tract of land in Clay county, Iowa, in 1885 'and remained there until 1901, when he sold it and bought the western half of section 4 of Vail township, Redwood county, Minn., where he still lives. He is an active and progressive farmer and has erected a fine eight-room house and a substantial barn, 34 by 64 by 16 feet. He raises registered stock and has Shorthorn cattle, Duroc Jersey swine and about 25 graded Percheron horses. He makes a specialty of feeding stock for the market and shipping about one carload of swine. The greater part of his land is under cultivation and he has one acre devoted to fruit, 100 acres of clover and timothy and 90 acres of corn. His farm is well improved and is all fenced with woven wire fencing. Mr. Little has taken active part in public affairs and has served as director for school district No. 12 for ten years. He is director of the Redwood County Rural Telephone Company, stockholder in the Security State Bank of Seaforth and of the Farmers' Grain and Fuel Company of Seaforth. He is secretary and treasurer of the Redwood County Agricultural Association. Fraternally he associates with and has held all the chairs of the I. 0. O. F., the K. of P. and the A. 0. U. W. Mr. Little was married March 22, 1894, to Mabel Andrews, born January 5, 1872, daughter of Cyrus C, a farmer of Pawnee county, Nebraska, who died in Arkansas in 1902 at the age of 71 years, and his wife Margaret (Burner) Andrews, who died in 1898 at the age of 51 years. Mr. and Mrs. Little have four children, Daphene and Mildred, Alice and Frances.

George Goblirsch, a highly respected merchant of Wabasso, was born January 12, 1865, in Austria, son of John and Elizabeth (Buchel) Goblirsch. John Goblirsch was born September 8, 1835, and came to America in 1868, locating in New Ulm, Minn., where he homesteaded 80 acres in section 20, Lafayette township, and later made additions until he owned 420 acres. He broke the prairie land and built a log house. A grove was set out and in 1885 a substantial frame house was built. He carried on general farming and died there February 26, 1909. His wife was born in 1837 and died April 26, 1909. They had the following children: Adam, a farmer in Lafayette township ; George ; John, a farmer of New Avon township, section 3, Redwood county ; Michael, proprietor of a clothing store in Perham, Minn. ; Frank, a clerk in a store at Lafayette, Minn.; Joseph, a farmer of New Ulm; Anton, a farmer on his father's old place; Andrew, cashier in the bank at Cobden, Minn.; and Katherine, elerk in her brother's store at Wabasso. George attended the common school of his locality and remained at home on the home farm until 24 years of age. In 1887 he bought 80 acres of land from his father in section 7, Lafayette township, which he sold in 1902 and bought 320 acres in section 9, Avon township, Redwood county. He broke the land and lived there eleven years, erected good buildings and carried on general farming. In 1903 he rented this farm and moved to Wabasso, where he bought the stock of the general merchandise business of Francois & Schmahl. In 1903 he bought the store building, a two-story structure, 24 by 80 feet, and later added the adjoining building. He now occupies three stores. He has been a member of the Wabasso school board for 14 years, and the village council one year. From 1894 to 1902 he was .supervisor of Avon township and served as a member of the Avon school board for six years. Mr. Ooblirsch was married November 19, 1889, to Mary Ooblirsch, born June 20, 1870, in Albin township, Brown county, this state. Her father, Joseph Ooblirsch, was born in Austria in 1831 and came to America in 1866, locating in Albin township, where he homesteaded 80 acres in section 18, and later made additions until he had 480 acres. He lived there until his death, April 1, 1913. In 1891 he divided his farm between his two sons and retired from active work. He was married to Eatherine Schleigel, born in 1837 in Austria. Their children are : Magdalean, now Mrs. Mat. Rathmann of Comfrey, Minn. ; George, deceased ; Joseph, on the old homestead ; Mary, on the homestead of her father ; and John, on the old homestead. Mr. and Mrs. Ooblirsch had the following children: Charles, George, Michael, Andrew, Mary M., Albert and Nicholas.