Rice County, Minnesota - Yiii, 1882 (part 2 of 3)

The value of agricultural implements sold in Faribault in this year was $27,715. They consisted of 95 reapers, 47 horse rakes, 7 threshing machines, and 12 mowers.

The freight business done in Faribault during the year 1869, was as follows: wheat shipped, 69,492 bushels; Hour, 62,743 barrels; hogs, 398,660 pounds; total freight, 19,985,250 pounds.

Early in February there was a destructive fire in Faribault, destroying several buildings. D. Stevens, carpenter; and Smith, Mr. Sheeran, N. O.

On the 28th of June the Shattuck boys had a regatta on Cannon Lake. There were four boats in the race and they made the distace of two miles as follows:

A flag was presented to the winning crew by Miss Emily Du Bois. In the evening there was a supper with the usual accessories. A Minneapolis boat club afterwards sent a challenge, but as no suitable boat could be procured no contest was had with that club.

The second regatta was on Thursday, the 8th of June, 1871, at Cannon Lake. The contest was between the Shattuck school, the St. Paul, and the Tritonio Club, of the University, During the progress of the race the University boat filled and went under. The other boats stopped to rescue the floundering oarsmen, and then the St. Paul crew pulled in and were declared the winners. Since that time boating has not been a specialty with the Shattuck Cadets.

In May the old Van Brunt store was removed from the corner of Main and Third streets to the south side of Third, in the rear of the First National Bank. This building was put up by Van Brimt & Misener in 1855, the lumber having been brought from Red Wing.

A Turners Society was organized on tlie 10th of August, with the following corps of officers: President, C. E. Brandt; Vice-President, A.Mueller; Treasurer, F. A. Theopold: Secretary, W. Hendrick; Instructors, Newsal and Hcrljst; Superintendent, Mr. Kraft.

A Golden Weduino. - Dr. and Mrs. IloUis Howe celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of their wedding. The assembly met at the residence of a son of the aged couple, Mr. George Howe. The rooms were appropriately decorated for the rare occasion. The parlor had an arch emblazoned with "Golden Wedding, June 4th, 1872." The groomsmen and bridesmaids for this auspicious occasion were Blr. and Sirs. James Gibson, Mr. Andrew Gibson, and Mrs. Deusmore, a sister of the bride of half a century. Rev. Mr. Hiutun, in a few well-chosen words, exacted anew the promise to "love, honor, and protect," and thus the wellpreserved couple started on the last half of the century, the completion of which will certainly find them on -

A golden wedding is such a rare event that it should certainly be recorded in this permanent form, for very few can realize what fifty years of wedlock means, with its journeyings, it may be in the wilderness, with the long deferred peace and plenty, which is always hoped for in the not distant future, still deferred ; or it may be a journey margined by fruits and Howers; but although the paths have been those of pleasantness and prosperity as a predominating feature, there must have been rough and rugged places, and if they have been haj^pily passed without asperities from either side, the journey has been indeed fortunate, and these two lives have not been failures.

The city fire department was thoroughly reorganized on the first of January, 1873. The steam fire engine arrived on the 7th of February, after being sixty days on the road.

Quito a serious fire took place on the 10th ol April. The losses sustained were by, Tuttli! aue Barnard, a meat market ; Spo & Dappings, J McCutcheu, George M. Gilmore, .T. Stocklein, and a few others. The exj3eu.se of this conflagratioi was about .f(),000. The new steam fire engint was out, but it met with several comical mishaps, and before the various snarls it encountered could bo untangled the fire was extinguished.

In November H. E. Barron had a re-union of his old friends at his hotel. He came to Faribault in 1855, and built and started the Barron house, with E. N. Leavens as clerk.

S. H. Jaijuos died on the 22d of December, in Philadelphia, of ty]ihoid fever. He was a prominent citizen of Faribault, and was in the real estate and insurance business with H. W. Barry, and was succeeded by J. D. Green. He was Secretary of the Board of Trade, and interested in other public enterprises.

The Faribault Driving Park was opened on the 24th of July, under the patronage of the Cannon Valley Agricultural and Mechanical Association.

So.4NDiNAVi.vN Literary Society. - An institution with this name was organized on the 13th of February in Faribault. A constitution and bylaws were adopted, and ofiicers elected as follows: President, H. A. Larsou; Vice-President, O. L. Haraery; Treasurer, A. T. Broudvold; Secretary, ,T. J. Schey; Assistant Secretary, M. J. Holmen.

In February a catamount weighing thirty-six pounds was shot within a few miles of Faribault. Presumably he was one of the last of his nice in this section.

On the 25th of May the Shattuck Guards had an excursion to Minneapolis and St. Paul. Ninety-eight cadets turned out, with Captain J. M. Lancaster in command of the battaliou, and Captains Pierce, Casvillo, Talbot, and Lieutenant Wiley in commaiul of the several companies. Arriving at Fort Snelling the band joiueil them, and in Minneapolis the University Cadets fell in. They were received in an address by O. C. Merriuiau. President of the Council. Col. W. W. Fol- well of the State University also atldressed the party. At six o'clock the detachment started for St. Paul. Theie they were addressed by Govornor Davis, and there was a parade, etc. They were most hospitably received and entertained at the State Capital, and returned the next day.

On Sunday, the 2d of August, an insane student of the Diviuity School attempted to shoot Bishop Whipple. He started from the audience and walked into the chancel, where he raised a pistol to shoot the Bishop, but he had forgotten to cock the weajjon, and his arm was siezed; others interfering, he was secured and subsequently sent to St Peter.

William A. Shaw, of the firm of Carpenter, Smith & Shaw, clothing dealers, died on the 11th of March. He was a native of Seneca Falls, New York, and came here in 1857. He left a widow and one child.

A veteran re-union of the First Minnesota Regular Volunteer Infantry of the war of 1861, occurred in Faribault on the 1.5th of June. An address of welcome was presented by Mayor Nutting. H. C. Whitney was the President of the Veteran Association. A collation was served, new officers elected, and an enjoyable time passed.

The Houring miU of Bean Brothers it Tennant, on the Cannon River, a mile and three-fourths from town, was Imrnod on the 9th of December, at a loss of $25,000.

The Teak 1878

At the spring election of 1878, the question of "License" or "No License" for the sale of intoxicating beverages was sharply coiitested at the polls, and the "No License" party succeeded in obtaining a majority on the direct question, Imt the other side elected their candiiliitis fur llio several oflices, which proved to be a distressing state of affairs.

A golden wedding on the 17th of May was a notable affair. The happy couple who had seen a half century of realization of "loves young dream" were Rev. and Mrs. J. Hoover. As the parties began to arrive on this semi-centenial, it was soon found that their parlor was much too small for the company and so Mr. T. H. Lewis, who lived near, kindly opened his house. Among those present were, Mr. and Mrs. J. Jepson, Mr. and Mrs. George Dampier, Ml', and Mrs. N. Travis, Mr. and Mrs. W. Neel, Mr. and Mrs. D. Buckham, Mr. and Mrs. E. Hanes, Mr. and Mrs. W. Walrod, Mr. and Mrs. E. Hoover, Rev. and Mrs. Guyton, Miss Alice Neel, with the host and hostess, Mr. and Mrs. T. H. Lewis, and others. The dinner at half-past two was an enjoyable affair. The aged couple came here from Ohio in 1855, in the month of April, and he was the first resident minister, as stated at the time, and organized the first worshiper's C(mgregation. A beautiful poem of a dozen stanzas, composed by a daughter, was read by Miss Alice Neel. A few lines are here transcribed as a specimen of the

"to father and mother." When in a world of fancy my spirit will roam, Memory carries me back to my childhood's home, The meadow, the orchard, and each shady nook. And back of the house the laughing, silvery brook. The orchard my father grafted with such care The rosy-cheeked apple that yearly hung there.

The company separated at a seasonable hour, well pleased with the display of affectionate regard thus bestowed upon the venerable and worthy pair.

The most disastrous fire that ever happened in Faribault was on the 17th of June of this year. Almost an entire square was consumed, including two banks and ten stores; the losses were estimated at $125,000, and embraced a long list of sufferers.

The silver wedding of Captain and Mrs. E. H. Cutts was celebrated on the 9tli of Januar}', 1880. There were al)out forty friends of the worthy oiiuple to congratulate them on arriving at the half-way station on the road to the golden wedding- The ancients considered silver to be the emblem of wisdom, while gold was the representative of love> and among the tokens of regard, the cake baskets, the butter dishes, and knives, enough of them were gold lined to signalize the beautiful correspondence of these two grand divisions of the human mind and which are so indispensable in married partners. Mrs. Cutts, on this occasion was arrayed in her original wedding suit, and after a repast, the joyous occasion was concluded with promises, with that inevitable //', to be there when the goldcu period shoxild roll around.

In this year J. D. Greene & Co.'s mill was revolutionized and transformed into a new process mill, and its capacity put up to between three and tour hundred barrels a day, of the very best of flour.

The railroad business in Faribault during this year was as follows: freight forwarded, 32,305,222 pounds; local charges, .$85, .516; freight received, 19,316,901 pounds, local charges, $48,364; ticket sales, $24,667.

The Faribault elevator was burned on the 10th of June, at a loss of !?65,000. It was built in the winter of 1865, was 52x162 feet, and had a storage capacity of 100,000 bushels. The losers were A. W. Pratt, Pratt and Eobinson. Hartford Brothers ife Tennaut, .T. D. Greene * Co., .lames Murphy, with numbers of farmers who lost from one to two hundred dollars worth each.

the parents of H. N. Crossett, of the United States Express. They were married in East Berkshire, Vermont, on the 30th of ,Tune, 1831. Beautiful gifts of cut flowers, a purse of gold from the Masonic brotherhood, of which he was one of the oldest members, and other tokens of esteem and regard were presented. As a sequel to this joyous occasion it must be added, that on the 16th of August following, Mr. Crossett's spirit took its flight, to a land unknown, beyond our mortal sight.

Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Winter were treated to a surprise silver weddmg on the 20th of January. They were married in Amherst, Massachusetts, on the 20th of January, 1856, Miss Harriet N. Kellogg being the name of the bride. Several who were present at the original wedding were here at the ipiarter century reunion, amimg them being Mrs. Levi Nutting, James A. Winter, and Mrs. E. N. Leavens.

On the Ist of March a fire practically destroyed an old landmark in Faribault, Maj. Fowler's store, which was used as the first Deaf and Dumb school, and some other buildings were injured.

The Barron House was burned on the 17th of March; Hummel's photograph gallery and Joseph Thompson's confectiopery store, and the Postoffice apartments were also burned, but the contents of the office were safely removed. The loss ou the hotel was .IjaQiOOO, and then> were many personal losses. The hotel is rebuilding by G. E. Cole, J. B. Wheeler, and H. W. Pratt.

The City Government

Faribault was at first a town embracing perhaps a half of Cannon City, defined by an irregular line running diagonally across the original government township in a southeast and northwest direction. But, as elsewhere mentioned, it was finally, for the most part, restored to Cannon Cit-y, and three miles square was determined as the form and size of the city. In this way the government went on in an uneventful manner until the growing town began to realize that a city government was recjuired.

On the 22d of January, 1870, a meeting of the citizens of Faribault was held at the office of Gordon E. Cole. H. E. Barron was called to the chair, and J. C. Parshall was appointed secretary. A committee was appointed to take the subject of procuring a city charter into consideration, and report at a subsequent meeting. This committee consisted of the following gentlemen : Gordon E. Cole, T. B. Clement, and Hudson Wilson. About forty of the leading citizens were present, and several meetings were afterwards held to formulate the matter.

The requirements of tlie city were seen and appreciated by the State Legislature, and an act to incorporate the city of Faribault was passed, and approved by the Governor on the 29th of Febniary, 1872. The question of its acceptance by the jieople was submitted to a vote on the 2d of April, and accepted, and the first city government instituted by the choice of officers. The wheels of autliority which were then set in motion have been aluKJst noiselessly kept running ever since, and "Law and order everywhere prevails."

E. Barron. H. E. Barron was elected President of the board, and Henry E. Sime was appointed Clerk; Justices of the Peace, Joseph C. Mold, O.

The organization of the city government was a prominent milestone to mark the progress that had been made, and to show the direction in which it was moving.

The brief inaugural address of the Mayor-elect is here presented. He said: "I came to Faribault in October, 1855, and it has been my home ever since. Many of the voters, the business men, the wives, and the mothers of this young city were then pratting children in other States, or on the other Continent. The town itself, except as to the mere territory, was not in existence, having been subsequently entered as a town site by Judge Chatfield. The rapid settlement of the village commenced in the spring of 1856, and its location at siich an important point very soon assured its success, and it became the most promising place in .southern Minnesota. In 1857, Gen. James Shields, who had already been a United States Senator, by his influence in Washington secured this as a point to be provided for in the congressional land grant in aid of the Minneapolis & Cedar Valley railroad, which finally secured this most important railroad connection with the East. Early in the sixties our delegates in the Legislature secured the location of the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind Institute in Faribault, and in due time the school was opened and the buildings erected. About the same time, in a humble way, was laid the foundation which has proved to be deep and broad, of the Bishop Seabury University, and we now point to these institutions with pride, and it becomes us as a city to cherish for them a friendly and fostering interest."

PuESENT City Government. - Mayor, H. W. Pratt; Board of Aldermen, Dennis Cavanaugh, Henry Chattee, Patrick Devrey, E. Kaul, J. F. Lindeman, A. J. Mennell, E. J. Moran, J. D. Shipley; Recorder, J. J. Byrnes; Treasurer, S. I. Pettitt; Justices of the Peace, J. J. Byrnes and James Hunter; Street Commissioner, R. M. Lynch; City Attorney, W. H. Keeley; Health Officer, Dr. B. Mattocks; Clock Tender, J. Andrews; City Printer, A. E. Haven; Pound-keeper, Reuben Randall; Chief of Police, J. D. Shipley.

City Op Varibault

The Police Depaktment. - -The police, department was organized at the time of the institntion of the city government, in 1872. At first there were four members of the force. Moses Cole was Chief, and Henry Eoth, David Eeed, and James Hunter were patrolmen. Mr. Cole remained at the head of the force for two years, and then James Hunter was Chief for two years, and after him came S. C. Dunham and William Campbell. In the spring of 1882, J. D. Shipley was appointed^ and there arc still but four men on the force.

FiBE Department. - The fire department of Faribault is among the most efHcient in the State. It was organized in a small way in 1866, as a hook- and- ladder company, and it kept branching out and extending and consolidating, until it reached its present condition of competency. In 1866, a hook-and-ladder truck was procured, and as the .iepartment grew others were added, with hose carts, etc. In 187i, the first steam fire engine was purchased of the Sillsby Company, in Kew York, at a cost of iJI.OOO, and is considered the best kind made.

The department, as now composed, is made up of five companies, as follows: Engine Company, No 1; Niagara Hose Company; Young America Hose Company; Straight River Hose Company; and the Excelsior Hook and Ladder Company.

Each of these companies has a separate organization, with a foreman, two assistants, a treasurer, and secretary, all, however, amenable to the central department, the officers of which are: Chief Engineer, G. H. Palmer; First Assistant, J. F. Whalon; Second Assistant, William McCiinnis; Treasurer, Thomas Mee; Secretary, William Milligan.

The present equipment of tlie department consists of the Sillsby engine, a hook-and-ladder truck, and three hose carriages. The engine house is on the north side of Third, between Elm and Chestnut streets, and was constructed in 1876, at a cost of .'i?7,3Ul). The ground story is occupied by the engine, trucks, and other apparatus. The second story has a fireman's hall, neatly furnished, and city oflices. Indeed, the building is sometimes called the City Hall. It is of brick, is surmounted by a cupola with a bell, and is a creditalile building for a city of this size.

their "Hi! hi! hi!" made a tour of the village, stopping at every shop and store to seize buckets, whi<'Ii they hung upon their ])rimitive truck, and thus the first fire extinguishing apparatus was secured.

Post-office. - Alexander Faribault was the first Postmaster, and E. J. Crump was his deputy. The office was opened on Main street, opposite the location of the Arlington House. This was early in the spring of 185.5, and a mail route was established between St. Paul and Owatonna, with a weekly service. The first mail carrier was Mr. Davis, and afterwards J. J. Braokett, who was a well-known character; and for some time he could carry the whole mail in his pocket, as not unfrequently Mr. Hulett's iVcw York Tribune, would he the only paper received in a week.

The service under Mr. Crump was satisfactory, as he was a man of education, and of an accomodating disjjosition. After a time a Mr. Young became the deputy and acting Postmaster, and he severely tried the patience of those having business with the office. He was too indolent to rise from his chair and hand over a letter, so he would declare there was " nothing," and having thus committed himself he would stick to it until the next weekly mail came l)etore delivering it. After a time he was removed, and the office was located in the Moses Cole block, on the comer of Willow and Front streets.

In 1857, George S. Skinner was appointed Post master, and the office was then kept on the west side of Main, between Third and Fourth streets, in a building belonging to Skinner himself. The office was afterwards moved across the street, and he held the keys until the change of administration in 1861, when James Gibson succeeded to the position, and kept it eight years. Prescott Fish and Frank Roberts were at diffierent times his depTities, and did most of the work.

In 1869, J. S. Fuller was appointed, and he continued in the place until 1873, when E. N. Leavens was commissioned. He kept it in the same jilace for four years, when it was removed to the Barron House, between First and Second on Main street. This was burned on the 17th of March, 1882. By strenuous exertions and careful management nothing was lost, and the same evening the office was in running order at its present location, on Third between Main and Elm streets.

There are three assistants in the office - the deputy, J. S. Bemis, Mrs. Nellie Williams, the mailing clerk, and Will. Wilson, who attends the general delivery.

In 1873, the amount of stamps sold was $5,000. Now the sales amount to .flO.OOO a year. It was made a mtmey order office during Gibson's term, and the whole number that have been issued is 41,000. The business of this department amounts to eighty or ninety thousand dollars annually.

Tliere is a daily mail to Waterville, ma Warsaw, a tri-weekly to Red Wing, one to Holden, and one to Rochester, and twice a week to Shieldsville ; these are by stage routes. By railroad there are two or more mails each way every day. The office is accessible, well-managed, and wellappointed, with Yale lock and other boxes. The mail is promptly delivered in a gentlemanly way, and gives general satisfaction.

Faribault may be said to be, to a large extent, a manufacturing city, its citizens realizing that mere trade in this age of the world is not the principal source of wealth and prosperity. The endeavor is made to notice the principal manufactaring and industrial enterprises, that the historian of the next generation may, by a comparison with what may be found then, appreciate what changes may have been wrought. The transformation that has taken place within a quarter of a century is most marvelous, and if progress in the future should be equally extensive and wonderful, a comprehension of the changes at the present time would draw upon the imagination in a way that the possessor of only the broadest idealty could honor. The purpose of this part of the work is not to give a business directory, but rather a bird's eye view of the material interests of the city, and without doubt many meritorious enterprises have been overlooked, but they can console themselves that they will grow into notice by real merit.

SxRAKillT RiVEK FLOURING MiLL. - This is usually called Greene's mill. It was originally built by Mr. Faribault and got in operation on the 1st of April, ISfi'i. In the building of this mill a large amount of energy and enterprise was displayed. Mr. Faribault was induced to go into the undertaking (|uite as much in the interest of the town as with tlic idea that it would be remunerative. It is one of the pioneer mills of the county, and in itself illustrates the progress that has been made in city and county.

In 1872, the mill was bought by Greene & Carnfel who immediately made extensive improvements and operated it until 1878, when an addition of 40x40 feet, four stories, was made, and a complete transformation effected at a cost of -130,000. Among other improvements a Corliss engine of 120 horse-power was put in, and the Hungarian system of reduction with corrugated porcelain rolls was adopted. The mill was run in this way until 1880, when, learning that there was still another system which was an improvement on this, another extensive reconstruction was made, and Stevens' corrugated chilled iron rolls were introduced. This machinery is made liy the John G. Noye Manufacturing Company, at Buffalo, New York. A great point gained, as is claimed, is in "granulating the grain without cutting it." The process of manufacturing flour is now very complicated, it is done by gradual reduction, the grain is squeezed a little at first, and what flour results is carefully sifted out, then it is squeezed again, and this process is repeated five or six times with variations in the manipulation, and three grades of flour result from all this handling. The wheat itself, after being received, goes through various machines to separate other grains or foreign substances and to thoroughly clean it.

This mill now has six porcelain sets, one large iron set, and six sets of Stevens' rolls, with the reels, the middlings purifiers, and other apparatus to make the highest grade of flour in the market. The choice brands are "Old Hickory" and "Olympia." The mill has a capacity of about 400 barrels a day. In relation to the water-power it may be mentioned that the fall is from twelve to fourteen feet.

Crown Point Roller Mill. - This mill was the incidental outgrowth of a saw-mill which was Imilt by Henry Riedell in 1856, at the corner of Fifth and Willow streets. The saw-mill was run by a portable steam engine and had a circular saw. In 1857, Mr. Riedell concluded to construct a gristmill, and so he ripped out the lumber for that purpose and put it up and got it enclosed the same year. W. H. Dike, who still resides here, and William Judd, now of Minneapolis, at this stage purchased the building, put in the machinery, and had it completed alid in running order in 1859. The mill Wits 30x40 feet, three storiea liigb aud bad four run of stones, with six reels, aud could make 100 barrels of flour a day, which was au enormous amount in those early days. The [lOwer was derived from an upright engine with two boilers aud two flues in each. In 1862, Blr. Judd sold out and the firm became Dike & Greggs. It was thus ruu until the year 1867, after which Mr. Dike run it aloue up to 1870. Previous to this time it was known as the "Rice County Mills." It is claimed that this mill was the first to ship Hour to New York from Minnesota, and that it was thus the jjioneer in the business which has become so cole issal in Minneapolis. The fir.st cousignmcnt of Hour was to Plummer & Co., in 1859, and the brand was ^'Cannon River Mills." It was what might be called a straight grade of flour. While Mr. Dike was sole owner he made an addition of an elevator to the mill with a capacity of 25,000 bushels.

lu the fall of 1871, Turner & Riedell leased the mill, and the following year the property was purchased by the present pi'oprietor, W. G. Turner, who increased its size and capacity and transformed it, in obedience to the milling revolution which was sweeping over the country, into a roller mill, and it now has three run of stones aud eight sets of corrugated rolls, with purifiers aud all the improved modern machinery for the manufacture of the finest grades of flour. The power is derived from au eighty horse-power engine, made at the North Star Iron Works iu Minneapolis, it being their first flouring mill engine. It now turns out 150 barrels of flour a day, and the mill is well managed by John N. Gwathmey, the head miller.

Faribault City Floueino Mill. - In 1877, Mr. J. S. Hillyer leased from A, L. Hill, in his furniture establishment, certain rooms, 30x50 feet and four stories in height, and a basement 50x100 feet, with sufficient power, and at cmce put in machinery for the manufacture of flour, consisting of three ruu of stones, and a cajiacity of 100 barrels a day. Iu 1881, George Tileston became an equal partner iu the concern, and it was transformed into a roller mill with eight sets of rolls and three run of -tones, two of which have been discarded smce then. It contains all the newly improved machinery for a first-class flouring mill and turns out 110 barrels a day, also Graham tlour, corn meal, aud feed. The best brand is "The Belle of St. Mary's." It is what may be called a custom, sale, and merchant mill, and its production has a wide reputation.

Faribault Grange Flouring Mill. - A milling company was organized aud incorporated in .luly, 187-t, with a capital of .'ii!:!O,O0O. The stock was owned by the farmers, and the following gentlemen were directors: G. W. Fox, John Thomson, Robert Hedges, John H. Passon, Isaac Hamlen, E. A. Rice, James Murphy, William Close, Patrick Healy, J. A. Mathers, S. M. West, N. H. Stone, and Joseph Goar; about forty farmers were stockholders. Six acres of land was purchased, and a mill was built and running in Sejjtember. It was 50x60 feet, a frame building three stories high with a stone basement, aud there was an engine hou.se 34x50 feet, aud a 125 horse-power engine. The mill had seven run of stones aud the machinery was fully up to those times. It could deliver about two hundred barrels of very superior flour per day, which ranked as such in the eastern market. The whole cost of the building aud machinery was about $30,000. This mill had a successful career until the Sth of November, 1876, when it was destroyed liy fire. J. H. Passon was president and general superintendent, and Miles Hollister, secretary aud financier.

Polar St.*.r Mills. - This mill was commenced soon after a mill was burned which occupied the same place, and is a three-story brick building with a stone basement, 60x62 feet. At first it had seven ruu of stones, and in about a year two more were added, and in addition to the water a steam engine of 125 horse-power was put in. The cost of the engine and house was about .S!(,000. The mill was built by a stock company, consisting of the following: T. A. Bean, William Tennant, A. P. Stary, Miles Hollister, T. B. Clemeut, L. R. Weld, G. W. Lewis, R. A. Mott, G. G. Gunhus, H. W. Bingham, and D. W. Humphrey. The company operated the mill until 1878, when it was leased by Bean k Tennant, who have since operated it. In 1881, it was transformed into a roller mill, aud it now has the ability to deliver 325 barrels a day. The company has kept the mill up to the modern standard of etticiency in order to produce the best flour. A cooper shop is in operation in connection with the establishment. The cost of the mill with the power was about 47,000. The old mill that occupied this site was built iu 1862, by Alexander Faribault and Henry Mehlhoru. It had two run of stones, driven by two wheels, and eight feet head of water - now there is eleven feet fall. The building was orig- inally frame, hut was veneereil over with brick. It was sold to Siiter & Baugs not long after it was built, who improved it somewhat. Sater subsequently sold his interest, and Mr. Baugs converted it into a five-run mill. In 18G7, it was sold to the Bean Brothers & Tennaut, and they operated it until it was burned on the 9th of Decern - er, 1876, at a loss of $25,000.

Matteson's Mill. - In 1865, H. M. Matteson aud Luke Hulett began the erection of a mill a few rods above the conflueuce of the two rivers. The size of the mill was 30x80 feet, and was adapted to four run of stones. The power was derived from a dam thrown acro.ss the river at the point meutioned, and was a combined mill and elevator. The firm continued as Matteson A- Hulett for eighteen months, when Matteson becanie the proprietor. This mill kept in operation, and in 1879 a set of rolls were put in. In 1880, another was added, and the capacity increased to one hundred barrels a day. The principal brands were "We Bet," "You Bet," and "Old Comfort." The mill was burned in 1881.

Kendall Mill. - In 1866, this mill was built by Louis Carnfel and J. D. Greene. In 1874, it came iuto the hands ©f Greene & Gold. Its location is on Fourteenth street and the Straight River. Water and steam are both used as a power, there being a head of six or seven feet. When the general revolution in milling was in full progress this mill, being exposed, caught the epidemic, and went through the change suooeasfully. There are the corrugated and smooth rolls, five of the one and three of the other, and one of porcelain. It turns out 150 barrels a day and has a storing capacity of 25,000 bushels. The flour i.s high grade.

Millers' Association Elevator. - This was jmt up iu 1881. The size is 32x60 feet, and oue hundred feet high. It has a capacity of 60,000 bushels. The power to work it is derived from the foundry near where it is located. Mr. J. D. Gr('ifU(!, one of the most enterprising millers in this region, built this elevator aud owns and operates it. In its construction due regard was paid to tlie most economical methods of handling the grain, and the latest devices that had proved valuable wore adopted. An enormous amount of grain is handled iu it iu the course of the year.

100,000 bushels was built, and this was operated until may, 1881, when it was burned. The present building was put up by S. W. Pratt. It is 30x50 feet, and reaches up eighty feet high; it has a capacity of 50,000 bushels. The power is derived from the engine that jmmps water to supply the tank at the station.

Faribault Woolen Mill. - 0. H. Klemer, in 1865, put a carding machine into an old wagon shop 18x20 feet, situated on Chestnut street between Fourth and Fifth, using a five horse-power steam engine. In 1869, a feed mill was put into the establishment, which, however did not ruu long. He then made cotton batting for two years or so, bringing the material from St. Louis. After awhile, as the business did not prove remunerative, it was suspended. Iu 1872, having meantime enlarged the building, a regular set of woolen machinery was put iu, for the manufacture of yarn. Iu 1877, .still other machinery was added, including three looms and other appliances for making cloth. The mill now has three cards, a spinning-jack, with 144 spindles, one wide loom, and three narrow ones, one twister, one shearing machine, one brush machine, one jig, one picker, with warping, washing and other machines for the manufacture of Haunels, blankets, yarns, and other woolen goods that are in active demand. Mr. Klemer is now building a stone factory, two stories and a basement, 44x100 feet, near the river on Third street, and will greatly enlarge the business.

E. M. Leach's Sash, Door, and Blind F.\ctory AND Planing Mill. - This is oue of the old establishments of Faribault, as it was first started in 1857, by L. C. Ingram, as a sash, door, and blind factory, using a wind-mill for power. Its location was uot far from the railway station. Sometime during the war it was moved up to Main street. In 1865, the concern was purchased by E. M. Leach, the present proprietor, and removed to its present location on Elm between Fourth and Fifth streets. Its capacity for business was at once enlarged by the introduction of a twenty horse-power steam engine aud considerable new machinery. The size of the building now is 20x80 feet, two stories, for the main structure, and two additions of a single story, covering stjll more ground thau the other. Iu the wood -working department about eiglit men are emjjloyed. There is also a feed-mill in connection with the establishment, au(J a lumber yard.

The Hazen Wind-Mill. - In the year 1875, Tliayer & Wintor established a fouuJry and niachiue shop near the Jeiiot, and iu 1878, the company commenced manufacturing the imprt)ved wind-mill invented by Mr. S. Hazen, of Hipon Wisconsin, which is supposed to be the very best yet arranged for all purposes for which a wind engine can be used. The works have a capacity of one thousand a year. The establishment was at lirst where the sugar refinery now is, but iu lS7It, the company erected the shops near the staticju. where the work is now carried on. In addition to the wind-mill work, a general jobbiug business is done in mill and other machinery. The Hazeu wind engine is iu extensive use in Iowa and Nebraska particularly. There is about .S'20,000 invested in the business, which is one of the most substantial in town. Another point in regard to this mill ought not to be overlooked in this sketch; it is prepared to repair and regriud the rolls of the new jjrooess system for flour making, the only one in the State, outside of Minneapolis.

Faribault Wagon Wokks. - This establishment is located on Elm, between Third and Fourth streets; heavy wagons and bob sleighs are manufactured, and has been in continuous operation since February, 1866, when it was started by William Frink who had bought out au old shop. He, immediately built a frame building 32x40 feet on the site of the present building, with a blacksmith shop adjoining, both two stories high. Mr. Frink run the establishment with different partners up to 1873, when G. W. Stafford became associated with him and the business was thus continued until 1882, when P. S. Bateman was admitted into the firm, the name of which now is Stafford and Bateman. They turn out about 150 wagons a year, and from 20 to 30 sleighs, all the work being of a very superior quality.

LiNDEMAN Bkotherh" Careiahe Factory. - This shop was commenced iu 1876, by the erection of a building 22x40 feet, on the corner of Main and Fifth streets. At first they did all of their own work, and met with such success that in 1877, au addition was made, 20x22 feet, and in 1877 still another. They now employ thirteen men. The projjrietors personally assist in the shop and superintend the work, which is confined to light carriages and sleighs which have an excellent reputation, and are sold all over the State. The business amounts to |45,000 a year.

Fahiiiault Carriagu Works. - There are three buildings connected with this enterprise, one is 22x45 feet, two stories, another 30x50 feet, a singlestory, and the blacksmith shop, situated on tiii^ corner of Elm and Front streets. It was commenced as long ago as 1858, by J. D. Denison, who at first did repairing, but finally enlarged it and began to set up farm wagons. In 1866, the manufacture of carriages and sleighs was commenced, and ([uite a business built up as there was no t)pposition in the city, and the amount of rejiairing done was very large. In 1876, Frink, Andrews & Stafford became owners and run it until 1878, wheu its present owner bought out the other members of the firm and now has the exclusive control. He is turning out large numbers of fine carriages and cutters, and doing an extensive rej)airing Ijusiness.

Adam Weyer's Wagon Factory. - In 1868, this shop was started in two small frame buildings on Willow, near Second street, under the name of Bieler & Weyer. In 1874, the present stone shop, 30x65 feet, two stories high, was built. About fifty farm wagons a year are now made here witli thirty or forty "bob sleighs," and there is a general blacksmith shop in the Ijuilding which turns out a large amount of work. Mr. Weyer is now the sole proprietor.

Faribault Furnithre and Chair Factory. - At first this was owned and operated by N. S. Flint. The business was commenced in 1807, on a small scale, in a building on the corner of Fifth and Buckeye streets, which was small and but three or four men were employed; a single luirse-power drove what little machinery there was. In 1870, a brother, M. M. Flint, became interested in the firm. He put in a steam engine and increased the capacity of the factory, and it has been doing a very profitable business. From twenty-five to forty men are employed, and from $30,000 to if!40,000 worth of furniture is turned off iu a year. The engine is of thirty-five horse-power. Iu 1870, great improvements were made in the establishment; among other things a saw-mill being put in. Mr. M. M. Flint is now the sole owner.

Wandell's Furniture Factory. - The manufacture of furniture was commenced here in 1856, on a small scale, and by hand. In 1857, some machinery was put in, with a six horse-power engine, and the business was entered into more extensively. The location was on Main between

Third and Fourth streets. It was owned and oiierated by C. Wandell. In 1862, it was moved to the rear of the block and its capacity increased. lu 1872, a twenty horse-power engine was put in and new machhiery introduced. For some reason - a want of enterprise and business capacity - the establishment is in idleness and has been so for several years.

Hill's Fuenituke Factory. - One of the largest and most important manufacturing industries in the city is the above-named establishment, owned and operated by A. L. Hill. It was first brought into existence in 18.55. Mr. S. B. Brockway was one of the proprietors. It was located on the Hat near the river, on Willow street between Second and Third. At first it utilized a blind horse for power, and a circular saw and a turning lathe was all the machinery in use. One man only was at first employed. There was serious trouble in procuring lumber to build the mill, as men stood at the saw-mill awaiting their turn to snatch each board as it was cut. The first building was 20x30 feet, one and one-half stories high; the business was continued here eight years and then moved tr) a larger building on the corner of Third and Willow streets. This was in 1863, and he put in a twenty horse-power engine and employed from twenty to twenty- five men up to 1872, when the whole establishment was lapped up by the flames. The present building was soon constructed; it is 50x100 feet and four stories high, with au engine house 50x50 feet. In 1878, a Corliss engine of 125 horae-power was put in. The old engine is still used in the saw-mill which runs in connection with the factory, and which can cut up about 6,000 feet of lumber in a day. The factory is run to its utmost capacity and makes all kinds of furniture, except upholstered goods, and is a valuable institution in the city.

Cigar Factory. - In 1880, Philip Loeft'el commenced the manufacture of cigars in Batchelder's block, employing from eight to twelve hands, but he soon failed and Kaul k Filler bought the stock and continued the manufacture, removing the business to the corner of Second and Main streets. In the year 1882, M. C. Sheeran was taken in as a partner, and the business is now carried on by those parties. Tliey employ about ten men. Under the United States revenue laws this factory is No. 8 of the First district of Minnesota.

Fabibault Plow Comiwny. - A plow manufacturing company was organized in 1869. The active members were, John Mullen, Henry Chalfee, and C. A. Snyder. A main building, 35x100 feet, was put up, with an engine room, and the manufacture of a good pattern of a plow commenced and carried on for about two years. Then the shop was used for about five years as a general foundry and machine shoj), and afterwards transformed into a sugar refinery.

Faribault Iron Works. - W. P. Wiukley established this industrial enterprise eariy in the sixties, and the establishment was owned and operated by him until 1870, when it was purchased by A. Moore who still retains it. It is a well appointed shop with machinery for the manufacture of steam engines, and general jobbing work. A feed-mill is run in connection, that was put in operation in 1879. The establishment cost nearly $10,000, and employs a dozen men. Its location is north of the railroad station.

Straight Rivee Woolen Mill. - I. G. Beaumont and N. W. Blood put up a building on Willow street. Some wool machinery was put up and run by steam for about three years, when it was sold to Mr. C. H. Klemer. The building is now used as a sale stable.

Je.sse Sumner's Planing Mill. - Several years ago a planing mill was started on the corner of Fourth and Buckeye streets, by Blr. Sumner. It run until in 1881, when business being duU it was removed to St. Paul. This was the mill that was built in 1857 by Clark & Weld, who brought the machinery from Vermont. It was a planing mill, and cost originally about .S4,400. Its location was at first north of Greene's mill, and was a frame building, 20x40 feet ; it run here for about seven years, and then was sold to Cole «fc Risen g. They operated it for about a year, when the machinery was sold to Jesse Sumner as above mentioned.

Lumber Yards. - When the country was first settling up, of course the lumber business was very active, and at one time ' there were seven lumber yards in active operation, all doing a flourishing business, but now there are only two. The present firms are A. Blodgett & Son, and E. M. Leach; the latter has a lumber yard in connection with his planing mill. Both of tuese firms do a good business.

managed by thoroughly obliging men who understand the requirements of the business, and meet all engagements, couuecting witli all ])assf'nger trains, and have never, in a single instanee, failed to connect. It seems that Bishop Wlii|)ple met Mr. 0. B. Case in Tallahasse, Florida, engaged in the same business, and ol.iserviug his piM.iraptuess and reliability, suggested that there was a growing town in Minnesota where a good business coald be built up in this line, and he was thus induced to come here. At the completion of the railroad to this place, two of the hotels bfgau running carriages to the depot on their own account, and more in their own interest than that of the general public. Mr. Case bought the old hacks, procured a new omnibus from the East, and commenced making regular trips to the trains, having order slates at convenient points. He afterwards took in Horace Taylor as a partner and they drive the regular " busses," of which they have five, and the necessary baggage wagons.

Beeweby. - N. Pacjuin, in 1857, started to build a hotel, but seeing how thirsty people were likely to be, after coming so far as they had to, to settle in this county, and realizing how grateful they would be to receive the fresh brewed amber-colored liquid, and how they would be likely to remunerate him for his outlay and interest in their behalf, changed his mind and built a l)rewery. The situation was on Willow street between Eighth and Ninth. The dimensions of the structure were 26x40 feet. A still was also put in for the manufacture of whiskey. The business did not seem to flourish as he had hoped, and in 1860, the concern was leased to E. Flecken.stein, who run it a few months, and then Brandt and Gerdes managed it for about two years. Edward Kelley then got hold of it, and kept it in operation as a distillery until about 1865, when it fell a victim to the devouring element and has never been rebuilt.

G. Fleckstein's Brewekt, - On the corner of Oak and Third streets this concern was built in 1857, the machinery coming from St. Paul. At first about five barrels a day were turned out without the aid of machinery. The cost was about S2,000. The Fleckenstein Brothers owned the place, but in 1860, E. Fleckstein retired from the firm. A horse-power was afterwards put in, and the capacity enlarged. In 1872, it was torn down and rebuilt on a much larger scale, with a two-story basement and two stories above this, the vaults running five liundred feet into the blufr, the cost of the establishment being $20,000. The capacity is thirty barrels a day. In 1859, a still was j)ut in, which was operated until the necessities of the governiuc^nt established an excise law, when this part of tlie business was suspended. There is a good supply of spring water from the bluff's above. It now has steam power, and is fully occupied.

A. W. Mueller's Breweiiv. This is located in the southern part of tlie city on South Willow street. It was started in aliout 1862, l)y Brandt & Gerdes. At first it was about 24x10 feet, of stone, two stories high. In 1870, it was enlarged, a twenty-five horse-power engine put in, and since that time the whole establishment has been enlarged and is now well appointed, with flrst-class machinery and extensive cellars in the blufT in the rear.

Star Bottlinii Works. - This establishment was started in 1872 by Sheeran & Misgen, on Fourth street between Elm and Chestnut. At first Soda Water was principally made. In 1875, the concern was moved to Tenth Street and the business enlarged, and the manufacture of Seltzer Water, cider, and pop was added. Tlie firm subse(iuently became Sheeran A' Filler. In 1877, they began to put up Beer from the brewery of G. Fleckstein, and this business has amounted to about S16,000 a year besides their own manufactures. In 1880, the business was moved to the corner of Third and Oak streets. They have all the modern improvements and do good work.

E. Fleckenstein's Brewery. - This is located liy the bluff" on the road to the Shattuck School. It was built by its present owner and manager in 1861. It is (piite extensive and has a vault excavated into the rock of which the bluff is comjrased. The establishment is of stone and has the fixtures and appurtenances for delivering twentyfive barrels of lager beer per day. A ten horsepower engine is employed, and the business seems to be eminently successful.

Amber C.^ne Sugar Manufactory and Befi- NERY. - In 1879, a stock company was organized, with a cash capital of $9,000. The first officers were: President, Seth Kenny; Treasurer, S. B. Spencer; Secretary, John Mullen. It is one of the finest establishments of the kind in the country, with machinery, apparatus, fixtures, and facilities for manufacturing the juice into syrujj and sugar, and for refining this into the best white varieties. Like all new enterprises there have been vicissitudes attending the inauguration of the business. The stockholders of the company were, Capt. B. Blakely, James Wilhelm, and S. F. Jolly. The real estate belongs to John Midlen. Its location is on the comer of First and Willow streets.

The First Saw-Mill. - In the fall of 18.54, Harvey Y. and James G. Scott commenced the erection of a saw-mill, and it was completed during the winter, but the cold was so intense that it was not set in operation until the spring of 1855. It was in a good-sized building, 20x40 feet, with a large wing shed. It had an engine with suiBcient power, supplied with steam from a double flue boiler. At first it had a vertical saw, but a circular was soon put in. Its location was where Hill's furniture factory is, on Willow near the foot of Third street. The Scotts run it for about one year, when it was sold to James Gibson. Tlie land, about four acres, was given to the Scotts by the proprietors, on condition that they build a sawmill. Some time the first year a run of stones was put in and feed and Hour was ground ; this was the first grist-mill in the county. The building was finally torn down and the machinery placed in a mill near Greene's, but it was finally burned. A full account of all the difficulties overcome in getting the machinery together to construct this mill, w(juld be very interesting. The machinery was bought in St. Louis and came up by boat to Hastings at an enormous cost, and it took twelve yoke of oxen to haul the boiler from that point. They were a long time in getting it from Cannon City, as they had to cut a road through the dense woods. A party they met after dark, as they looked at the huge cylinder, exclaimed : "Well! that is the biggest saw-log I ever saw!" When the mill got in operation it run night and day, and it did what may be called, "a land office business." At one time it was in the liands of Mr. Turner, but at last it failed to pay.

Bankino House of W. H. Dike. - This was started in 1857, and the name of the firm was G. W. Boardman & Co. The "company" being W. H. Dike ami Jerod Bishop. Bishop's interest, whatever it was, was looked after by Mr. Judd, now well known in Minneapolis, who was an active man in the business, lint owing to certain financial intricacies could hold no property in his t)wn name at that time. It was not a bank of issue, but they did a general banking business. Their bank was near the comer of Third and Main streets, where S(|uier's dry goods store now is, in a frame building which lacked latli and plaster, but inside had cotton cloth as a substitute, and this was pajjered over and gave the place a business air. In 1858, Mr. Boardman retired and it was then carried on under the name of the Banking House of W. H. Dike .t Co. In those days of silver, gold, and land warrants, not unfrequently there would be exposed in the window of the bank $40,000 worth of this kind of currency, which would astonish the new comens. Bishop retired in 1863, but Mr. Dike continued until 1872, when the business was closed. FiBST National Bank of Fabibadlt. - The date of the organization of this institution was on the 2d of December, 1868, with the following Board of Directors: W. L. Turner, T. A. Berry, A. W. McKinstry, and F. A. Theopold, in addition to the oiKcers, who were: President, T. B. Clement; Vice-President, E. W. Dike; Cashier, Thomas S. Blackman. The capita) was .'8;50,000. The banking rooms were on the corner of Third and Main streets, the front being a frame and the back part, wliere the directors met, of logs. In 1876, a three story brick building was erected at a cost of $115,. 000. On the 17th of June, 1878, this was, with several others, razed to the ground by fire. The structure was immediately rebuilt and the bank occupies the ground floor on the corner, and is one of the substantial financial institutions of tlii^ country with over $200,000 in deposits.

The Citizens National Bank. - President, Hudson Wilson ; Vice-President, G. B. Skinner ; Cashier, E. P. Brown; Assistant Cashier, W. S. Hill. This bank was first established in 1857, as a ])rivate bank with Mr. Wilson at the head of it. In 1871, it was organized as a National Bank. The institution seems to be too full of business to furnish much information as to its hi.story.

Faribault Gas Company. - This was organized in 1873, with a capital of $40,000 which has since been increased to |50,000. It is a joint stock company organized under the laws of the State. The executive officers were and still are: President, T. B. Clement; Vice-President, J. L. Noyes; Secretary and Treasurer, A. W. McKinctry. The works are located between Ninth and Tenth streets, east nf Main. There are about four miles of four inch mains. The gasholder has a capacity of

10,000 feet. The gas is made from naptha and the quality is satisfactory. I'he charges for gas to consumers is S3 per thousand with a discount of ten per cent, for payment on presentation of the bill, making the cost $2.70 net. The company has a contract to furnish the strerts with light at .'it!3() a post, and to light, extinguish, audkce]) in repair.

The Deaf And Dumb, The Blind, And The School, Fob Idiots And Imbeciles

This is a pretentious name, broad in its meaning and comprehensive in the work contemplated, but, nevertheless, it is the true title, as the Institute now stands chartered by the State, and warranted by the co-operative departments.

In the brief history of this Institute herewith given the writer hopes to be able to explain why this Institute was established, when founded, how organized, the methods employed, the manner of support, the present status of its affairs and some of the results already realized.

Before Minnesota became a State, and while the general government was providing liberally for the public schools and the University, it was discovered that there were children and youth still unprovided for in matters of education, care and training. In all our States and Territories the deaf and dumb have been found to number from one in fifteen to one iu ten hundred; the blind from one in fifteen hundred to one in two thousand; and the idiotic and imbecile as numerous as both of the former classes together. We may safely estimate forty thousand deaf-mutes, thirty-five thousand blind, and sixty-five thousand idiotic and imbecile persons in the United States, and this State has her share of them. It was in anticipation of such facts as these, with no provision of a public nature to meet the emergency, that the friends of education, humanity, and the commonwealth, gave thought, time, and labor, and urged upon successive legislatures the importance, yes, the necessity, of establishing just such schools as are found in Faribault to-day.

The Deaf and Dumb and the Blind. - The State Legislature, during its first session in 1858, passed an act establishing " The Minnesota State Institute for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb" within two miles of Faribault, in Rice county, upon condition that the town, or county, should, within one year from the passage of the law, give forty acres of land for its use. The land was donated, but the school for varif>us reasons was not opened till five years later.

The Legislatur(M)f 18C.'i, passed a law esfabli.shing a department for the care and education of the blind, together with the deaf and dumb, and under the same authority and management, but this school was not opened till 18()(). During the summer of 1800, Miss. H. N. Tucker was employed as teacher and three blind children were received, provided for and taught in the Fitzgerald house, in the south part of the town. Subsequently this school was moved to the north part of the town to the Tanner House, so called, and in May, 1868, soon after the deaf and dumb occuj)ied the north wing of their building, the blind were removed to the same building with them. Here the blind remained till their removal to their present quarters on the old Faribault place, where for one year they were under the care and instruction of Prof. A. N. Pratt, acting principal, and subsequently that of Prof. J, J. Dow who is still in charge and has prepared the following brief history of the blind department.

"As early as 1872, it had become evident that a permanent separation of the two classes for whom the Institution was designed, was desirable, and an appropriation for the erection of a separate building was asked for, which the next legislature readily granted. The home property of the original settler and founder of this city, Alexander Faribault, at that time coming into market it was jmrohased for the new home for the blind. It recommended itself for such a j)ur)iose by its beautiful situation upon the high blulf overlooking the town from the .southeast and commanding an extensive view of the valleys of the Straight and Cannon Rivers, and the early and extensive improvements made by its former owner, by which immediate posses.sion was obtained of twenty years growth of orcamental, shade, and fruit trees and shrubbery.

A commodious building for the use of the blind was speedily erected, and in the fall of 1874, they were removed to their new (|uarters, about one mile from the building for the deaf and dumb, and placed under the immediate charge of Prof. A. N. Pratt.

At the close of the first year in this new home Mr. Pratt retired from his connection with the school, and J. J. Dow, Superintendent of the public schools of the city of Austin, was selected to fill the place thus m^de vacant. For the next four years little in the history of the school worthy of mention occurred. Faithful and constant eflbrt was put forth to secure the best results possilile in the literary and musical departments of the school, and a reasonable degree of success was attained, but it was constantly felt that there should be a department for training the youth here assembled in such forms of manual labor as might be beneticial in after life.

At the opening of the year 1878, an attempt was made in a small way to aocoinjjlish this by teaching the art of caning, with quite satisfactory results.

At the opening of tlie next year an experiment was made in broom-making, with such success that during the year a shop was erected and the industrial department permanently established. Since that time it has continued to give evidence of the substantial benefit arising from it, and there are oven in so short a time several broom shops in different parts of the State, operated l)y young men who learned the trade in this Institution.

In 1879, the congress of the United States made a subsidy grant of money, the income of which was to be annually expended for tlie education of the blind throughout the country. This has been of great hel]) to the library depart;nent in furnishing needed l)ooks, maps, and school apparatus without expense to the State. The amount so received has varied from seventy-five to one hundred and forty dollars jier year, according to the number of pupils in attendance.

At the beginning of the year 1881, J. J. Dow, who had for six years been the principal and the resident officer in charge, was elected superintendent of the blind department, thus completing the separate organization of the department.

The attendance of pujiils during the last seven ys'irs has varied from eighteen to thirty-five which was the attendance of the last school year. This number is in excess of the capacity of the building, and an addition to the accommodations for the blind is a pressing necessity, which it is confidently expected will be appreciated and met by the next legislature.

The .schcjol work as now organized is carried on in three departments, the puf)il spending an assigned portion of each day in each department. In the literary department instruction is given in reading and spelling in the common or embossed raised letter, and in a special system called the New York point method which possesses the advantages of being more legible to the touch and of being written by the learner, through the aid of simple and cheap apparatus; in writing with pencil in a letter approaching common script in form, and legible to the ordinary reader, in the New York point sistem and upon the type writer; in arithmetic, both mental and written, the latter by means of a simple arrangement of type, which takes the place of the ordinary slate; in geographythrough the aid of excellent raised and desected maps, by means of which the form and outlines of the diilereut ]iolitioal divisions and the general elevations and depressions of the earth's surfice are readily perceived; and in history, both ancient and modern, with especial reference to the institutions of our own country. Elementary instruction is also given in such other branches of study as the advancement and capacity of the pupil seems to re(|uire. Among the studies whicli have been pursued, in addition to those mentioned, are grammar, composition, and rhetoric, English literature, political economy, and civil government, mental and moral philosophy, natural philosophy, cliemistry, physiology, geology, zoology, and algebra. In many of these departments of study, text books are now printed in tyjie for the blind, while in those in which books are still lacking or are unsatisfactory, oral instruction alone is employed. The facilities for the literary education of the blind are improving year by year, with the increase of books and apjjaratus for study and in choice works in literature for general culture.

In the musical department instruction is given in vocal music and upon the piano, three of which instruments are owned by the Institution, cabinet organ, violin, and several other orchestra instruments. The recently perfected New Y'ork point system of musical notation, by means of which the simplest as well as the most ditficult music can be written and read by the blind, is now being introduced, and bids fair to be of great service to this department. Yet for much of his music a blind musician must always depend upon a seeing reader, and instruction is chiefly given by reading.

In the Industrial department the broom and cane work have already been mentioned. Besides tliis work, which is especially for the benefit of the boys, the girls are instructed in such of the household arts as can be most advantageously pursued by the blind. All are tausjht to sew by hand, many become proficient in phiin and fancy knit tiiif;', crochetting, etc., and a fair proportion learn to operate a sewing machine sncoessfully. The making of fancy bead work by the girls and smaller boys gives excellent practice in securing delicacy of touch, and minute exactness of detail iu work.

In all of the departments the aim is to do for blind persons what the home, the school, and the shop may do for his more fortunate brothers and sisters, but what, for lack of skill and appliances, they cannot do for him. All fif the peculiar metliods and apparatus in use are adapted to so supjily the want of sight in securing an education, as to produce, as nearly as possible, the same degree of physical, mental, and moral culture, and the same capacity for meeting with success iu life as the seeing may so much more easily secure.

The officers and teachers for the last school year (1881-82) are as follows: J. J. Dow, superintendent; Miss Kate Barnes, Matron; .Tosiah Thompson, teacher; Miss Julia Johnson, pupil assistant; Miss C. C. La Grave, music teacher; Michael C. Schneck, foreman broom sho))."

The School fok Imbeciles and Idiots.- - The importance of estaVjlishing at an early day a school for the care, education, and training of feeble-minded children and youth, has been recognized by many citizens of the State. The first puhlii' advocacy of such a step was made in the annual report of the Superintendent of the L)cat and Dumb, who had from time to time been obliged to remove such unfortunate youth from the school under his charge. As early as 1H(>8, attention was called to these children in his annual report, and the same was emphasized iu 1877. The State Board of Health also advocated the movement in their annual reports. * The Legislature in 1879 took up the subject and established in Faribault an experimental school for idiots and feeble-minded children under the same authority and management as the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, and made appropriations for two years. In giving the history of this State School for Imbeciles, we cannot do better than to quote from the first report of the Directors:

"The last Legislature having entrusted the Board of Directors of the Minnesota Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind with the charge of such children and vouth as had driftc d into the Insane hospitals of the Stale and were found to be Imbecile and feeble-minded, rather than lunatic, and seemed capable of improvemeut and instruction, the Board early proceeded to the trust.

The first want presenting itself was reliable information as to the special needs of this class of eliildreii ami the most approved methods of organizing and conducting an institution for their training. Fortunately for us and our enterprise, the late Dr. H. M. Knight, the founder and superintendent (if the C!ouuecticut School for Imbeciles, visited our State iu June, 1879. He was a man of large brain and noble heart, and zealously interested himself in our behalf. His long experience in this country and his personal examination of the" principle Schools of Kurope for the feebleminded, fitted him to give us such aid and counsel as we most needed. He directed our preparations and superintended the organization and opening of the school until his sou. Dr. G. H. Knight, who had been brought up to the work by his father, took charge in the latter part of September, 1879."

The report of the Acting Superintendent for the first eighteen mimths states that during that time, while the school was still an experiment, the number of children cared for were twenty-five, all that the building then t)ccupied could be made to accommodate. During that time the progress of those cared for proved conclusively that the time had passed when the education of the feeble-minded could be looked upon as simply an experiment

Accordingly the Legislature of 'SO and '81, upoQ being ask<'d to make the school one of the permanent Institutions of the State, did so with* out a dissenting vi>te, and also appropriated the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars, ($25,000) for building purposes. The result of that sum is a stone building 80 x 41 accommodating fiftyfive children, and (Completely equiped with steam and water and all the conveniences for carrying on a work of this kind successfully.

Officeks and Teacheks. - Dr. George H. Knight, Superintendent; Miss M. E. Powers and Miss Susie Smith, Teachers; Miss Ella Anderson, Matron.

Faribault has been enlarged till, as ita title sets forth, it embraces what, in most all of the States comprises three separate institutions, - and so far as unity of aim and purpose in doing the work for the State, and economy in its management, and freedom from impartial and unjust legislation are concerned, this union of three schools under one Board of Directors is wise and timely and will appear so just as long as competent men are placed in authority over it.

Organization op the Deaf and Dumb Department. - The first appropriation of the Legislature for the support of the deaf and dumb was in 1863. The same Legislature appointed George F. Batchelder, K. A. Mott, and David H. Frost as a Board of Commissioners to start the school. Mr. Mott was sent to Ohio, where he obtained the services of Prof. K. H. Kinney, an experienced teacher, who came to Faribault and organized the first deaf-mute school in Minnesota. On the second Wednesday of September, 1863, the school opened with five pupils in attendance. The building occupied was the store and dwelling on Front street known as Major Fowler's store. The next year the school increased, and George W. Chase was employed as assistant teacher.

In 1864, the Legislature appropriated four thousand one hundred dollars for the support of the school, eight hundred and fifty dollars of which were expended in erecting a small wooden building, 18x24, just east of Fowler's store, tor a boys' dormitory. This building was subsequently sold and moved to Fourth street, and is now used as a marl)Ie factory.

Prof. Kinney experienced difficulties and some hardships in his work and sore bereavement in his family, and at the end of his third year resigned the office of Superintendent.

About this time an important change took place in the contemplated site for a permanent building. The original forty acres of land donated by the citizens of Faribault were sold and the present lot on the bluff east of Straight River was obtained.

On the 7th of September, 1866, Mr. Noyes and family, with Miss A. L. Steele, assistant teacher, and Miss Henrietta Watson, matron, arrived in Faribault to carry on the work already begun. This year chronicles the appropriation of fifteen thousand dollars by the Legislature for the first permanent building for the deaf and dumb on the site already mentioned, and the next year the foundation of the north wing of the present edifice was commenced, and February .5th, 1867, the comer-stone was laid by the Governor in the presence of the members of the Legislature. The citizens of Faribault had now eontriliuted funds to ])urchase fifty-four acres of land for the use of the Institution, and by appropriation and purchase in 1882 more was added, making the present site nearly sixty-five acres in all.

NoKTH Wing. - On the 17th of March, 1868, the North Wing was occupied by the deaf and dumb for the first time. This was a day of great joy to the pupils and all concerned with the school. The building was designed and arranged to accommodate fifty pupils; sixty was the maximum.

During the year 1869 the foundation of the South wing was laid, and the sujjerstructure was to be a building suited to accommodate the girls, with class rooms for the blind. These two wings were of equal size, and stood ninety-six feet apart with a temporary passage way between them.

September 10th, 1873, the school was re-organized, with the boys occupying the North Wing, and the girls the South, with appropriate rooms for the blind in each.

The same year steps were taken to provide a separate permanent home for the blind pupils, as there was not room enough for both classes in the two wings, and it being obvious, after a fair trial, that the two classes were so dissimilar that they required sejoarate apartments. Accordingly the old Faribault farm of ninety-seven acres was purchased and suitable improvements made, and here, in Sej^tember, 1874, the school for the blind was re-organized, with A. N. Pratt, Acting Principal ; John J. Tucker, Maria E. Crandall, and Cora Shipman, teachers.

The places vacated by the blind were soon filled by the deaf and dumb, and in 187',), the plans of the main center building were completed by the architect, Monroe Sheire, Esq., of St. Paul, and steps taken towards completing the entire edifice. In the fall of 1879, the entire building, main center and the two wings, were occupied by the pupils, and the school re-organized under the moat favorable oiroumstanoes ever enjoyed iu Minnesota. The entire edifice is admirably ventilated and warmod by steam, lighted by gas, and abundantly supplied with pure spring water.

It is worthy of note to mark the steady growth of the institution in periods of five years each. Five years after the passage of tlje first act establishing the Institute in Faribault the school was opened. Five years later the North wing was completed and ready for occupancy. In five years more the South wing was erected and occupied by sixty pupils, and the completion, furnishing and heating of the main center building marks a period of five years more. Every advance has been made as the circumstances of the school demanded it, and not ujion conjecture, or mere probabilities. It is confidently expected that the Imildings now provided will afford ample accommodations for the deaf-mutes of the State for the next ten or fifteen years. The object kept in viewhas been to build sulistantially, in good taste, with an eye to utility and the wants of the future, and in a manner becoming a State enterprise.

It was the result of no pre-arrangement, orcouti-act, that the same architect drew the jilans of the entire building - the main center and two wings - at thrtC different times and under three different contracts. Whatever, therefore, of success has been attained in the effort to unite the three portions in one symmetrical, harmonious whole, is due to the architect in faithfully carrying out the instructions of the Board of Directors. And fortunately a majority of the directors has remained on the board during this building period, and have bad ideas, more or less definite, in regard to the deaf and dumb, and the size and nature of the buildings re<[uired in providing for them.

The entire cost of all the buildings erected by tlie State for the deaf and dumb in Faribault, together with heating apparatus, will, in round numbers amount to .S200,000. This outlay for one school seems large, and yet it is for all time and is moderate in comparison with what neighboring States have expended.

Methods. - The methods employed in the work of instructing and training the deaf and dumb have been those in common use in the older State institutions at the East, and known as the French- American system of signs, and the combined method, together with a well arranged system of iiidustri;il schools. The sign language is taught, not as an accomplishment, or as an end, but as a means to an end. No better method lias been devised liy which the mass of deaf-niutf? cliildren can be initiated into the moaning and (Construction of the English language tlian by the; use of natural signs as now employed iu all the older instituticms for the deaf and dumb in the United States and Canada. It is sinijily using the known to obtain a knowledge of tlie unknown. And ail other devices have failed to bear the test of protracted experience.

Combined Methods. - By the combined method is meant the union, or combination, of the sign and oral systems so far as the condition and ability of the pupils will warrant. Recognizing the fact that quite a number - not over twenty per cent. - of the dtaf and duml) children received into our scliools have some knowledge of spoken language, or by natural endowments, possess the ability to acquire considerable knowledge of speech, provision is made to lencli articulation and lip-reading so far as circumstances warrant, and the pupils give evidence of the proper ability. There are a few schools that use only the oral method of instruction, but they fail to educate all, and the sign method has been found to succeed in many cases where the pure oral system failed, hence the wisdom of the combined method.

AT Home.'" - Deaf- mutes begin in early childhood to use the language of natural signs; it is their mother tongue; and parents, Ijrothers, and sisters, should improve every opportunity to talk with them.

Any person with a manual alj)habet can select the letters d-o-g, c-a-t, c-o-w, and teach the mute child to spell these wonls, placing its fingers in the projjer position for each letter. Talie but one word at a time, spell it slowly and repeatedly. When these words are learned, teach the name of other objects in and about the house. Write these words upon a slate, and re(]uire the child to copy them, till it can write them with ease. Then teach its own name and the names of familiar persons, distinguishing them by some ajiprojiriate sign.

If a person would consult the welfare of a mute child, it must bo taught obedience, right and wrong, just as other children are taught. A nod and smile t)f ajjproval, or a shake of the head and look of disapjjroval cannot fail to be understooil. There is no mystery in this, as any one may learn who makes the trial."

Industriai, Classes. In 1869, a cooper shop was opened in which the mute boys were taught coopery. Having been well satisfied with the result of this experiment, in due time a tailor shop, a shoe shop, a printing office, and a department for dressmaking and plain sewing were organized, and all of these have been continued with highly beneficial results. The forenoon is given to school exercises proper, and the afternoons to industrial work. By this method habits of industry, skill and regular physical exercise are formed, and, at the end of their course pupils are graduated with minds that can think, and hands that can use tools skillfully. Thus the^e unfortunate, dependent children become useful, independent citizens through the aid and bounty of the State.

The Manner or Suppokt. - As this is strictly a State Institution, the support comes from appropriations made by the Legislature from time to time. The appropriations for buildings and improvements come from the same source.

The products of the farm and garden contribute something toward the table supplies, but at best they yield but a very small part of what is consumed during each year.

The shops are hardly self-supporting. As a whole, when once provided with shops and a complete outfit of tools, they have, as a rule, just about met current expenses. Hence they cannot be regarded as a source of pecuniary profit or income, even under the best management. As fast as the boys become skillful workmen they leave, and more Ixiys take their places to repeat the same thing in a few years. Biit the knowledge and skill are valuable to the graduates in after years.

The Present Status. The condition of affairs in this Institution at this time may be indicated by stating that the Board of Directors consists of Gov. Ii. F. Hubbard, Hon. D. L. Kiehle, ex officio; Hon. T. B. Clement, President ; Rev. Geo. B. Whipple, Vice-President ; Hon. R. A. Mott, Secretary ; Hudson Wilson, Esq., Treasurer ; Hon. Geo. E. Skinner.

George Wing, editor of the Companion: Philip Slaveu, foreman of cooper shop ; Mrs. S. M. Perry, mistress of sewing room ; A. B. Irvine, engineer ; N. P. Rood, night watch.

One hundred and sixteen pupils were in attendance the last term, twelve of whom completed the prescribed time, or course, in the school, and graduated at the close of the term in June last. The deaf-mute pupils have deported themselves in such a manner that not a single expulsion has occurred in the last sixteen years.

The finances of the institution are in a good condition, the Legislature never having declined to make the necessary provision for buildings, or support, provided there was money in the State treasury.

The citizens of Faribault and the State generally foster the school with special interest and personal pride, and look upon it as one of the most beneficial institutions the State has established. It is not local or sectarian in its work, nearly all classes, nationalities, and almost all the counties in the State being represented in it.

Tne Mute's Companion. - This little paper, issued every two weeks of the school year, is edited by one of the teachers, and the work of setting the type and printing, besides considerable job work, is done by the pupils themselves. It pleads the cause of the deaf and the blind in many a household, and by way of exchange in many of the papers throughout the State, and brings to the reading room a copy of nearly all the newspapers published in Minnesota. Many copies of papers and periodicals from other States are obtained in exchange for "The Companion," and thus the reading matter for the pupils is greatly enlarged, and they are thereby provoked to habits of reading and thought which, without "The Companion," would be wholly lost. Parents and patrons by it are called into a deeper sympathy and interest in this school and its benevolent work.

A slight change in the management of the Institute has been made that deserves a passing notice. From the commencement of this State enterprise there has been only one board of trust, one superintendent, and one steward until May 19th, 1881, when, with entire unanimity on the part of the board, and the hearty approval of the Superintendent, the latter was relieved of all care and responsibility in regard to the blind department

City Of Faribault

* and the sebool for idiots and imbeciles, and Prof. J. J. Dow and Dr. George H. Knight were appointed superintendents of their respective departments, so that at this writing Minnesota has in Faribault a trinity of humane and benevolent institutions under one board, one steward, and three superintendents, all working together not only harmoniously and zealously, but efficiently and economically, and are illustrating by practice, what no other State has done, that these three institutions can be successfully and satisfactorily managed in one place and by one board. The State has heartily endorsed the plan, and successive Legislatures have appropriated the funds necessary for their establishment and support with great unanimity, and with reason, for the improvements have all been made, the buildings erected, and the current expenses met by the appropriations, and, as a rule, a balance left in the treasury. It is but gi\'ing utterance to public opinion to say the buildings are first class in constriiction, well located, well adapted to the work, and no stealing and very small profits to contractors.

So.ME Kesults Realized. - Two hundred and eighty-five deaf and dumb children have been received into the Institution since it was organized. A large majority of the graduates learned a trade while at school and have become rpiiet, useful, and industrious citizens, possessing the respect and confidence of those who know them, and earning a comfortable Jiving. A few have been very successful. One is the editor and proprietor of a leading country newspaper. Another is a highly esteemed bookkeeper in a large banking house. Six have entered college at Washington. One is the foreman of a cooper shop. Three have been successful teachers of the deaf and dumb. A few have excelled as type-setters. Fourteen have married and have fourteen children, and as parents and citizens they are acting well their part in life. There are others who as farmers, coopers, shoemakers, tailors, and laborers, are earning an honest comfortable living and no longer eating the bread of dependence. Not one, so far as heard from, has become a vagrant, or an idler, trying to make capital out of his misfortune.

The graduates are realiziug more deeply every year how much the Institution has done for them. Isolated from society, shut out from public lectures and Saljbath instruction, which they enjoyed at school, they fail to grow in intelligence and knowledge of wordly matters like persons with all their senses. Reading and writing comprise their medium of communication with others and in this sometimes they are deficient.

The nature and object of the Institution are becoming better known and parents realize more than formerly the importance of an education and a trade tor the deaf and dumb, and moreover that this cannot be obtained at home, or in the space of four or five years even under very favorable circumstances. In order to realize more effectually what the In,stitution has been doing the reader should go to some of the homes of these children and contrast the sadness, gloom, and despondency that had settled over the hearts and minds of once happy loving parents, and mark the contrast as the cloud disap^iears before the joy, intelligence and usefulness of the graduate as he takes his place in society and the world. In instances not a few jJarents have found language inadequate to express their gratitude for what has been accomplished. As the educated deaf-mute proves the comfort in sickness, the stay and staff in age to many parents throughout the commonwealth the beneficial results of this State Institute will widen and deepen in ratios beyond computation, and in values that money cannot equal.

It is unquestionable that the State of Minnesota has been most remarkably fortunate in the pubUc institutions located in Faril)ault. In the first place the commissioners who were authorized to make a beginning and to take the whole subject into consideration, to ascertain the number of the unfortimate who wei-e by rights w-ards of the State, and to report, did their work faithfully and well, and while the officers of the State have had literally to feel their way, as the labor magnified on their hands, they have never made a mistake; and what is most wonderful, in all the expenditures for buildings and support, they have never exceeded the appropriation, except in a single unimportant instance.. The institution in all respects has been in its administration conducted in an honest and economical way, and the gentlemen who are in charge of the various departments are remarkably well adapted to the work, and have kindly furnished this sketch, excepting these concluding remarks.

There is considerable that might be said in this connection, in relation to the personal fitness and the remarkable adajjtability of the officers to the performance of their duties ; the kindness and consideration that has characterized their contact with the various inmates ; the rare judgment that has uniformly been displayed in the every day affairs and iu numerous trying emergencies ; but the usual anxiety is for results, and as here they have been entirely satisfactory, this statement must close our final, pointing with pride at these institutions.

Shattuck School

The Shattuck School is under the patronage of the Episcopal authorities, and is a most important part of the denominational system of education. It was organized in 1866, and placed in charge of Eev. J. L. Breck. D. D,, who became Ractor of the school, and on his removal to California, in 1.S67, the Eev. James Dobbin succeeded him. The object of the school is to train up boys for the active business of life, which also embraces a preparation for college, and to make it for Minnesota what Eton is for England. Of course tliere weie at first many trials, but constant advances have been made, and it is now thoroughly established on a lasting foundation, and in the confidence and esteem of the community. The buildings consist of two large halls built of stone, a school-room, drill-room and gymnasium, and one of the most beautiful college or school chapels in America, the whole costing over .1580,000. There are fifty acres of land on a plateau back of the bluff, opposite the lower part of the city, and north of the State Institutitm for the Deaf apd Dumb.

The school is a military one, and the boys as they arrive are assigned to one of the organized companies which are officered by the students in accordance with the United States tactics, the promotions being in the direction of competency and seniority. The cndets are dressed in a neat gray uniform, and the proficiency of the " Shattuck Battalion" in the manual of arms and company and battalion movements, is very striking. A Captain in the Regular Army is detailed as instructor, commandant, and professor of Natural Sciences.

The following article from a St. PaTil paper, from the pen of one of the stuff of the journal is here reproduced, although it covers some of the points already presented, but it will give a view from a ditl'erent standpoint. Besides, the school is of such a diaractcr that if tautology is to be excused in any case, it certainly will be iu this instance.

You can tell a town in which institutions for the education of the youth abound almost as soon as you enter it. There is an air of dignity and scholastic quietude which permeates certain portions thereof, and militates not one whit against the mercantile or manufacturing activity likely enough to be found in other localities. Then, too, the surroundings, if not the town itself, are almost always characterized by especial beauties of scenery. There is always a stream, and it is usually picturesque, while foliage in abundance mingles with plenitude of spires. The residences show greater attention to the religion of the beautiful, and the people more outward evidences, at least, of culture than in towns where elevators are the building of most note and the price of produce the principal topics of conversation. The differences noted are more especially marked in a State so new, comparatively, as our own, and no one who has ever visited Faribault will wonder at its serving as a text for the above. It is more like a New England town, wherein decades have merged into generations, and generations into centuries, than a place of most modern foundation and growth, and the claim that it is the prettiest town in the State is hard, successfully to controvert. The seat of the Deaf and Dumb Institution, which crowns a commanding height on the east side of the Straight River (what a pity the name of the latter was changed from the euphonious Owatonna), it is more widely known as the locale of the two schools - Shattuck and St. Mary's - founded by Protestant Episcopal liberality, and supported by scholars of all denominations. It is also the diocesan home of Bishop Whippl<>, and here also is located Seabury Divinity School.

The choice location of the city, so rich in sites' has unqiiestionably been taken by Shattuck school, an institution more thoroughly academic in appearance, scope, and plan than any in the State. Its founders wisely eschewed the pretentious name of " College," or the often bombastic title of "University." knowing that sucL appellations would, tor many years at least, be misnomers, if not shams, and adopted the expressive, if oldfashioned, generic name. The success attendant upon the earnest efforts of Bishop Whipple and his coadjutors must be surprising even to them. The parish school established as far back as 1858 was really the nucleus of Shattuck as it was of St. Mary's, and when Bishop Whipple assumed charge of the newly created diocese, in 1860, he found the parochial school in anything but a feeble condition, the population considered. In that year the Bishoj} Seal)ury mission was incorporated by H. B. Whipple, J. L. Breck, S. W. Manney, and E. S. Peake, the charter giving ample educational powers to the board of trustees therein provided for.

In the autumn of 1865, it was determined to separate an academic department from the Seabury mission, the latter being more purely theologic in its curriculum. Shattuok School took high rank from the start, and not the least happy of the ideas of its originators was that of making the school in many important particulars. While the military code is subordinate to the educational, it is merged with it as well, and plays a highly important part in the discipline. The pupils are styled cadets and have their own commissioned and non-commissioned officers, the commandant being an oiBcer of the regular army who is next to the rector in academic rank. The government has furnished ritles similar to those used by the West Pointers, and weighing only seven pounds, while other acoout«rments have also been provided in plenty.