Columbia Township (part 6 of 7)

Col. Doniphan appointed Dr. Riggins assistant surgeon of the res^iment. At that time he was but a private soldier. He refused to accept the appointment and was then detailed to take charge of the wounded, which he did.

Returning to his home in Cole county he practiced medicine for three years, when he removed to Callaway county and continued the practice until the breaking out of the war. He took sides at once with the Confederacy and went into the State Guard under ex-Governor, afterward Maj.-Gen. Sterling Price and commanded a battalion of Callaway county's best soldiers. At the reorganization of the army at Memphis, he, upon the urgent solicitation of Gen. Price, went into the medical department. He went to Jackson and Mobile, and procured large stores of supplies for the sanitary needs of Price's army. He continued in that department until the bright star of the Confederate Government set to rise no more When the war closed he had charo-e of a hospital near Shreveport, Louisiana. He remained at Shreveport, practicing his profession, until 1874, being there in the yellow fever epidemic of 1873, when he had charge of a number of cases. He made up his mind nev^er to undergo another siege of the terrible Yellow Jack, and in 1874 came to Columbia, Boone county, Missouri. He abandoned the practice of medicine and speculated in tobacco for about a year and then opened a family grocery store and sold goods for several years. In the fall of 1881 he went to Texas and engaged in business there, but soon sold out and returned to Columbia, and in partnership with a gentleman named Moore, opened a carriage factory under the firm name of Moore, Riggins & Co. Dr. Riggins was a practicing physician of Jefferson City during the terrible scouro-e of cholera there in the years 1850-51. He was the first physician called upon to attend the stricken. Men fell upon the streets with the plague and died before they could be taken into a house. Dr. Riggins has been married twice, the first time in 1849, to Miss Tennessee Matthews Dean, daughter of John Dean of Jefferson City, Missouri. This union was blest by four children, Augusta B., George, William and Emmett. Augusta B., has been married twice. Her first husband was Wesley Gates, and her second was Dr. John A. Malcoum. She is now a widow and lives at Denison, Texas. George is now in New Mexico. William died at Vicksburg, Mississippi, in 1863. Emmett lives in Columbia. Dr. R.'s first wife died in 1866. He was married the second time in 1870, to Mrs Winans, widow of Col. Winans, who was killed during the war, and a daughter of W. W. Harper, of

Booiie county. By this marriage they have one child, Mary Harper Kiggins. The doctor is a member of the Masonic order, holding his membership at Twilight lodge. No. 114, at Columbia. He and his~ wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church South.

John De Wilton Robinson is the son of B. F. Robinson, of South Carolina, one of the early settlers of Boone county, and a member of the Columbia bar, now residing at Dallas, Texas. His mother's maiden name was Frances De Wilton McLanahan, also a native of South Carolina. John was born in Boone county, city of Columbia, June 27, 1834. He grew up in this county and received his education at the State University, graduating in the class of 1853. He studied law under Judge F. P. Wright of W^arsaw, Missouri, and was admitted to the bar of that place in 1854, Hon. Waldo P. Johnson and Judge Ballon being his examiners. Locating at Kansas City, he practiced there till 1861, four years of which time he served as city attorney.

Mr. Robinson came of a race of Southern people, and, when the civil troubles began, naturally he espoused the. cause of the Confederacy, and staked his all upon the issue in favor of the sunny South. In 1861 he made tours to the southern part of Missouri in the interest of the cause. He joined Rucker's company in August, 1862, and soon afterwards iSgured in the famous Poindexter's raid. He was in the actions at Switzler's mill and Compton's ferry on Grand river. After the command disbanded, he was taken prisoner by the Federals in this county and held nine months, the time being divided between Columbia, St. Louis, Cairo, Camp Douglas, and other Federal prisons, during which he endured all the privations and indignities of a prisoner of war. In the spring of 1863 he was exchanged at City Point, Virginia, and joined McKinney's battalion and was sent to Pemberton's army in Mississippi. He arrived there eight days before the siege of Vicksburg opened. He was transferred to Lowe's battery (afterwards Dawson's) and was in the battles of Baker's Creek, Big Black, siege of Vicksburg, Mission Ridge, Kelly's Cross Roads, La., defence of Mobile and other fights and skirmishes. He had been captured at Vicksburg, but was released on parole and was in the service at the time of the surrender. He served as private " No. 4 on the gun," and never lost three days during the entire period of his service except while a prisoner. After the war he returned to Mis- souri and bouo;ht a farm m Howard county, which he operated four years. He then went to Rocheport, and after remaining two years, moved back to Columbia, where he has been ever since eno^ao-ed in the practice of the law. In 1880, he was elected county attorne}^ on the Democratic ticket, which office he still holds, and has endeavored always to do his duty without fear or favor. Mr. Eobinson was married July 5, 1854, to Miss Sallie Bedford, a native of Boone count}^ and the first graduate of Christian College, being the valedictorian of 1853. They have had two children Fannie De Wilton, wife ofBemm Scott, of Clark county, and Benjamin F. Mr. and Mrs. Robinson are both members of the Christian Church. Mr. E,. is also a member of the Masonic fraternity, and belongs to the blue lodge and chapter.

Joseph Kirtley Rogers, A. B., A. M., Ll. D.

The subject of this sketch was born in Fayette county, Kentucky, November 19, 1828. His ancestry emigrated from England to Virginia, and thence to Kentucky soon after the Boone settlements there. They located subsequently at Bryan Station, and members of the family are now scattered through all the Western States. His father and mother, William and Frances Rogers, removed to Missouri in the fall of 1830, and settled upon a farm about ten miles west of Palmja-a, the county seat of Marion county. In this frontier land, where the tracks of the retiring red man were fresh in the soil and the embers of his camp-fires still smouldered in the forests, he spent his childhood and youth. He grew up amid the trials and struggles of a new countr}^, which inure to hardships and train to habits of industry and self-reliance.

His education was commenced in the traditional frontier " log^ school house " with " jDuncheon floor," " slab seats," and a log cut out for a window. Mr. Noah Flood, subsequently a prominent minister of the Baptist faith in Missouri, presided over this school. After leaving the country school he attended a private school at Philadelphia, Marion county, Missouri, taught by F. T. Kemper, one of the best educators in the State, and then entered Masonic College, Marion county, Missouri, presided over at that time by G. J. Worthington Smith, of Virginia. Archibald Patterson was professor of mathematics. He remained here two and a half years, making good progress in Latin and mathematics, and in the fall of 1850 entered Missouri University at Columbia, and graduated July 4, 1853, in the course of arts with the degree of A, B. He received the honorary degree of A. M. in 1856, and the degree of LL. D. on May 31, 1882. He was a very industrious student and accomplished the work in three years that was allotted for tour years at the University, and thereby impaired his health which he never regained. In the fall of 1854 he opened the St. Joseph Female Academy at St. Joseph, Missouri, and successfully managed it two years, and then, owing to his feeble health, he gave up the school and returned to Columbia.

In 1856 he accepted a position as professor in Christian College, Columbia, under L. B. Wilkes, the president of the institution. In July, 1858, upon the resignation of President Wilkes, Mr. Kogers was elected his successor as president of Christian College. He held this important and arduous position, discharging its duties with signal ability and success until July, 1877, when, on account of impaired health, he resigned. The popularity of the school during this time was all its most enthusiastic friends could desire, and more than its best and most substantial friends expected.

Having taken charge of Christian College in 1858, the school had just arrived at a happy and prosperous period w4ien the war broke out. And though at a loss financially, President Kogers stood faithfully by his school with a competent corps of teachers, never losing a day or swerving from duty.

In August, 1855, he was married to Miss Jennie E., daughter Captain Archibald S. and Amanda Eobards, of Hannibal, Missouri, an accomplished and cultured lady, who afterwards became a most important aid and co-woil^er with him in his protracted and laborious educational work.

She now resides on the homestead in Columbia, living on an ample competence left by her husband to her and her family. Her family consist of Lenoir S. and A. Bowen Rogers, who are now in business in New Mexico, and Fanny and her husband, A. B. Holland, Jennie M., and E. Estell live with her.

After he resigned his presidency he made several trips to the far West with hope of regaining his lost health, and had only returned the morning of the day of his death, which occurred at 12 o'clock at night, August 24th, 1882, at his residence in Columbia.

Immediately after his death there was a spontaneous move on the. part of the citizens of Columbia and vicinity to honor the man whom they loved, which resulted in the following meetings, where appropriate and lengthy resolutions were passed expressive of the sense of the respective assemblies, viz. : Board of trustees of Christian College ; executive committee of the board of curators of the University of the State of Missouri ; a meeting of the citizens of Columbia and vicinity held at the court-house in Columbia ; and also a meeting of his pupils held at the Christian church, where there were scores present, some who had sat under his instruction when he was a professor in Christian College twenty-five years ago, whose locks are now silvered with gray, and some who attended later. The classes of little boys of long ago had their representatives in the staunchest citizens of to-day. All ages, ranging over the entire time of his connection with the college, were there to do him honor. And those who knew him best loved him most, and to them the recollection of his words are perpetual benedictions.

William I. Roberts

William I. Koberts, city marshal, Columbia, Missouri, is the son of Dr. William R. and Mary E. (Brown) Roberts, natives of Virginia. The subject of this sketch was born in Augusta county, Virginia, June 27th, 1847, and came with his parents to Rocheport, Boone county, Missouri, June 5th, 1859. Completed his education at the Rocheport Academy, under the instructions of Prof. Newton Searcy, one of the ablest educators of the country. Enlisted in the Confederate service in the fall of 1862 under Col. Poindexter, and participated in the raid known by his name. Was captured and taken to St. liouis, where he was confined in McDowell's College, and afterwards 4it Alton. Was released from prison in the spring of 1863, and in the fall of 1864 reenlisted in Company E, Searcy's battalion. Was afterwards transferred to the ordnance department and was assistant ordnance sergeant up to the close of the war. Surrendered at Shreveport, Louisiana, and was paroled at Alexandria. Returning to his home in Rocheport, he was engaged as a clerk by H. H. Garth. Was appointed marshal of the town in 1867, and was city weighmaster and agent for the Rocheport stage line. July 18th, 1866, he started to cross the plains, but went no further than Nebraska, returning home July 12th, 1867. Was again appointed marshal of the town, which position he held until 1870. In February, 1870, he came to Columbia and took charge of the Columbia Hotel, on Broadway, which he conducted for one year. For the next three years he clerked in different stores and acted as agent for the Rocheport ferry and stage line; was appointed city marshal, July 16th, 1874, and was re-appointed in 1876, holding the oflGlce continuously ever since.

He is a member of the Presbyterian church, and belongs to the order of United Workmen ; also K. of P. He was married, October 5th, 1870, to Miss Mintie, daughter of George and Amanda Knox. By this marriage they have one son and one daughter, Reuben K. and Mary B. Mrs. Roberts is a member of the Presbyterian church. The father of Mrs. Roberts twice represented tliis county in the legislature and was a prominent business man of Rocheport. He died some time in 1847 or 1848. Mr. Roberts has as an official as well as in private life, won the esteem and confidence of the entire community in which he lives. His excellent judgment and cool determination in dealing with the lawless class stamps him as eminently fitted for the duties of his important and dangerous office.

John Rogers, Jr

The subject of this sketch is probably entitled to the distinction of being the oldest citizen now living in Boone county, and, notwithstanding his great age, he is still a healthy, vigorous old man. With all his faculties unimpaired, he looks serenely backward to the time when steam was unknown as a motive power, and steamboats and locomotives had not been dreamed of. He gazes backward over an extinct world of human beings. Of all the millions of men and women who were breathing the breath of life when he was ushered into this world, three figures, side by side, would more than express the number who linger still upon the shores of time. What a wonderful vista ! How remarkable the view through all those changeful years, from 1792 to 1882 - four-score and ten years I John Rogers, Jr., was born in Culpepper county, Virginia, March 14th, 1792. His father, John Rogers, Sr., was born in England, and emigrated to the United States long before the revolutionary war. He afterwards removed to Harrison county, Kentucky, where he died in 1821, at the age of seventythree years. His wife, Nancy (Gregg) Rogers, was born in Stafford county, Virginia, and died in Harrison county, Kentucky, at the advanced age of ninety-seven years. John Rogers, Jr., came to Kentucky with his parents, and in 1817 went to St. Louis county, Missouri, where he remained one year, going from there to Pike county, Missouri, where he remained three years. Previous to coming to Missouri Mr. Rogers was married to Mary, daughter of Edmund Mountjoy, of Bourbon county, Kentucky. By this marriage they had nine children, four sons and five daughters, only one of whom, John M. Rogers, of Pike county, is now living. Mr.

Eogers came to Columbia in 1821. There was at that time but one store in the phice, A. J. Williams, proprietor. The hotel was kept by Gentry. Eld. James Barnes was then sheriff of Boone county. Mr. Eogers has a vivid recollection of the first Fourth of July celebration he ever attended at Columbia. The day was honored by a barbecue just east of Flat Branch. There was no speaking. The young men amused themselves with foot races, jumping and wrestling. Mr. Rogers settled on a farm about four miles south of Centralia, where he remained for four years, then returned to Pike county, where his wife died, January 19th, 1877, in the eightieth year of her ^ge. Returning to Columbia, he was married, December 6th, 1877, to Mrs. Mary E. Moody. Since his marriage he has resided in Columbia. Mrs. Eogers died June 25th, 1882, leaving one daughter, by the last marriage, aged one year and eight months. Mr. Rogers was first a member of the Baptist church, having united with that denomination under the preaching of Eev. Benjamin Allen in 1814. In 1819 he joined the Christian church in Pike county, Missouri, under the preaching of Eld. Stephen Euddle, at Eamsey's Creek church. He is a close student of the Bible. He believes that every great event in the world's history is either narrated or foretold by the inspired authors of Holy Writ. He holds that our civil war, also the assassination of President Lincoln, is foretold, and can cite to the chapter and verse. He is a fluent talker, and on such topics as he takes an interest in is quite entertaining.

James S. Eollins is a native of Eichmond, Madison County, Kentucky, where he was born April 19th, 1812. His paternal grandfather was a native of Ireland. His father. Dr. Anthony Wayne Eollins, was a prominent physician. His mother, whose maiden name was Eodes, was a native of Albemarle county, Virginia. Maj. Eollins had six brothers and sisters, all of whom are dead, except his youngest sister, who is the wife of Hon. Curtis F. Burnam, a former assistant secretary of the United States treasury.

1 So much has been written and published of Major Eollins, and such frequent mention is made of him and his connection with Boone county in the general history of this volume, that a condensed sketch is deemed sufficient for the purposes of this work. Indeed, to publish anything like a complete biography of so distinguished a subject would require a volume in itself, and far transcend the limits of this publication.

native town, and in 1827 entered Washington College, Pennsylvania,- but at the end of the junior year, he left this institution and entered the University of Indiana, at Blooraington, where he graduated m 1830. His parents having removed to Boone county, Maj. Rollins, after graduating, joined them. Coming to Missouri, he took charge of his father's plantation for one year. He then read law under Hon. Abiel Leonard, and spent two years at the Transylvania Law School Lexington, Ky. , where he graduated in 1834. He at once entered upon the duties of his profession at Columbia, Missouri. During the Black HaAvk war he served for about six months on the staff of Gen. Richard Gentry. In 1836 Maj. Rollins and his law partner, Thomas

Residence Oe Hon. James S. Rollins, Columbia, Mo

In 1836 Maj. Rollins attended a railroad convention at St. Louis^ the first ever held in the State, and as chairman of the committee on resolutions, drafted and submitted a memorial to Congress asking for a grant of public lands to aid in constructing public works, which the convention favored.

Maj. Rollins commenced his public career in 1838 as the Whig candidate for the legislature. He was elected, and, though quite young, took an active part in the deliberations of that body. During the sessions of 1838-39 he was very active in regard to educational matters, and drafted, introduced and ably advocated the bill to found and endow the State University of Missouri. He was reelected in 1840. During both his terms of service in the legislature he was energetic and earnest in the advocacy of the prosecution of internal improvements, and especially the building of railroads and the improvements of rivers at public expense. He cast his first vote for president in 1836, for General Harrison. In 1844 he was a delegate to the Baltimore Convention which nominated Henry Clay for president. During this campaign he made many effective speeches in support of Mr. Clay. Two years following he was elected to the State Senate, and was the leading advocate of the bill to establish the first lunatic asylum at Fulton. In 1848 he was the Whig candidate for governor, and polled a vote far in excess of the usual strength of his party, although defeated by Hon. Austin A. King. In the general assembly of 1847-49, Maj. Rollins was the Whig candidate for the United States Senate, but the large Democratic majority precluded all hope of his election. In 1854 he was again elected to the legislature? during which session he boldly opposed the extension of slavery into the territories. He voted for Col. Doniphan for the United States Senate and made an eloquent speech in support of his favorite candidate. In 1857 Maj. Rollins was again the Whig candidate for governor to fill the vacancy caused by the election of Governor Polk to the United States Senate. His opponent in this race was Hon. R. M. Stewart. They made a joint canvass of the State and the excitement was very great. Stewart was declared elected by two hundred and thirty votes, but many of Maj. Rollins's friends thought that he was really elected. At all events, it was a glorious triumph for the Whig candidate who had pushed a forlorn hope to the very verge of victory. In 1860 he was elected to congress from the 9th district. He supported Bell and Everett, while his opponent, Hon. John B. Henderson, supported Douglass and Johnson. He took his seat in the special term called by President Lincoln to convene July 4th, 1861, to take measures to suppress the rebellion. He at once took sides with the union. He made many thrilling and efiective speeches both ill the halls of congress and elsewhere in behalf of the union. He was an active and able supporter of the bill to provide for agricultural colleges in the different States by a grant of public lands. February 5th, 1862, he introduced a bill to aid in the construction of a railroad and telegraph line from the Missouri river to the Pacific. This bill, with some amendments became a lawin Jul}^ 1862, and under its provisions the Union Pacific, Central Pacific and Kansas Pacific railroads were built across the continent. He voted for and advocated the adoption of the thirteenth amendment to the Constitution, abolishing slav- in the United States, although at the time he was probably the largest slave owner in Boone county. This amendment had been introduced in the United States senate by Hon. John B. Henderson, of Missouri. Maj. Eollins delivered a' powerful speech during this session in favor of freedom of speech and in opposition to the expulsion of Mr. Long, of Ohio, for expressing disunion sentiments in the House of Eepresentatives. Major Rollins declined a reelection to congress in 1864, and returned to his home in Columbia. In 1866 he was again sent to the legislature, and during this session was engaged in revising the statutes of the State, to adapt them to the new Constitution adopted in 1865. He was also greatly interested in perfecting the common school system of the State and the rehabilitation of the State University upon a firm and enduring basis, it having been broken up during the war. He introduced and secured the passage of a bill establishing a normal department in the State University, and to provide for rebuilding the president's house, which had been destroyed by fire. In 1867 President Johnson appointed him a director of the Union Pacific Railroad Company, which he accepted, but resigned in 1868. In the latter year he was again elected to the State senate, receiving a very decided majority of the votes cast, but his seat was contested. After a long and severe contest he was seated, notwithstanding a majority of senators were 'opposed to him politically. During this session of the senate Maj. Rollins introduced a bill to establish an agricultural and mechanical college, endowed with 330,000 acres of land granted by the general government to the State for that purpose. This measure, after extended and animated discussions in two legislatures, became a law after being amended so as to give one-fourth of the lands to the School of Mines at RoUa. He is also the author of the law cutting down the initiation fees to the State University, making that institution substantially free to the sons and dauo-hters of Missouri.

Aside from being one of the largest subscribers to the fund to secure the location of the University at Columbia, Maj. Rt)llins has been the author and chief advocate of every important bill passed by the legislature providing for or adding to the maintenance and advancement of Missouri's greatest school. No wonder he ;has received the title of " Father of the University of Missouri." The history of the University, given on other pages of this volume, sets forth, in part, his services in behalf of the institution. Mr. Rollins is also the author of the laws creating the State Normal Schools at Kirksville and Warrensburg, having reported them, when chairman of the com-

Space forbids the enumeration of the many public acts and services of Maj. Rollins in behalf of his country, his State, his county and his town. Suffice it to say that he has been foremost in every good work, and that his hand, his purse and his brain have ever been at the service of his people in every laudable undertaking. Mr. Rollins is now in the sere and yellow leaf of life -

He has in great abundance. He spends his time chiefly in retirement in his elegant home in the suburbs of Columbia, a view of which is shown elsewhere, and his chief delight is the entertainment of the many friends who call upon him. Two of his sons, Curtis B. and George Bingham, and an accomplished daughter, are at home with their father and mother, and there is not a happier household in all Missouri than the one whose honored head bears the name of James S. Rollins.

Dr. A. W. Rollins, Deceased

Dr. Anthony Wayne Rollins was born in Westmoreland county. Pa., March 5, 1783. His father, Henry Rollins, was a native of County Tyrone, Ireland, and came to America during the Revolutionary war, in which he took a part on the side of the Colonies. Among

Dr. A. W. Eollins was reared amidst the disadvantages of poverty, and was thrown at an early period upon his own resources to fight the battle of life. Possessing a firm physical constitution and good native intellect, he went resolutely to work with a strong purpose to achieve success and to win a respectable position amongst men. By alternately working on a farm and attending such primitive schools as were at that early day to be found in the country, he gained the rudiments of a good common school education, which enabled him to become a schoolmaster himself. In this useful and honorable employment he was engaged until he got sufficiently ahead with ready means to enter Jefierson College, at Connonsburg, Pennsylvania, where he successfully completed his education. In 1803 or 1804 he went to Kentucky and lived successively in the counties of Bourbon, Fayette and Madison, engaging in school teaching and pursuing the study of medicine. He engaged in practice as a physician in Richmond, the county seat of Madison county, which he made his permanent home for twenty-five years.

On the 18th day of April, 1811, he was united in marriage to Miss Sallie Harris Rodes, the second daughter of Judge Robert Rodes, a prominent and distinguished citizen of Madison county, and a sister of the venerable Colonel William Rodes, of Richmond, and also of Major Clifton Rodes, now residing at Danville, Kentucky. She was a lady of refined and beautiful character, and the union was one which bought great contentment and happiness to the parties. By this marriage there were seven children, of whom only two are now living - the eldest, the Honorable James S. Rollins, of Columbia, Missouri, and the youngest Mrs. Sarah H. Burnam, the elegant and accomplished wife of the Honorable Curtis F. Burnam, graduate of Yale College, and a distinguished lawyer of Kentucky.

In the spring of 1830, his eldest daughter, Eliza, having made a marriage engagement with Dr. James H. Bennett, then residing in Columbia, Missouri, and the health of Dr. Rollins failing, he determined to emigrate with his family to Missouri. Having purchased a fine body of land, partially improved, in the western part of Boone county, about four miles north of the Missouri river, he came and took possession of it in the spring of 1830, and pursued steadily thereafter the profession of agriculture until his death, which occured at Richland, his residence in Boone county, on the 9th day of October, 1845, in the sixtj^-third year of his age. He was buried at the family cemetery with Masonic honors, of which ancient order he had been a life-long member; but his remains, with those of his affectionate .wife, were afterwards removed to the Columbia Cemetery, where they now rest.

Dr. Rollins took great interest in the establishment of schools, in building churches and in all other enterprises calculated to improve the social and physical condition of the people among whom he lived. His services in behalf of the State University are set down in the history of that institution, on other pages of this work. What is known as the "Rollins aid fund" was created by him pursuant to the following provision of his last will and testament:

Item 7th. - Having felt the great disadvantages of poverty in the acquisition of my own education, it is my will that my executors, hereinafter named, shall, as early after my death as they may deem expedient, raise the sum of $10,000 by the sale of lands of which I may die seized, and which I have not especially bequeathed in any of the foregoing items, which sum of $10,000 I desire may be set aside for the education of such poor and indigent youths of Boone county, male and female, as are not able to educate themselves.

The principal of this sum, by careful management under the direction of the County Court of Boone county, has increased to $30,000, three-fourths of the annual interest upon which sum is annually expended in giving aid to such young men and women as desire to obtain an education at the State University, and the remaining onefourth of the interest is added regularly to the principal. Already some hundreds of pupils have received substantial aid from this source, without which they would not have been able to prosecute their studies.

Dr. Rollins was a man of fine presence and noble mien, and cordially admired for his genial manners and high character. The engraving on another page is from a portrait by Bingham, now in the library of the University, and is said to be a good likeness of the destinguished subject.

Colonel Francis T. Russell

Col. Francis T. Russell, lawyer and prominent business man of Columbia, Missouri, was born in Cabell county. West Virginia, April 24th, 1821, and was raised on a farm. He received his education at the Ohio University, under Drs. Read and McGuffey. Studied law and was licensed to the bar in Virginia. Removed to Missouri in the fall of 1841, and settled in Columbia, Boone county, having been influenced to do so by the. location of the University at this place. Commenced the practice of law, which he kept up at intervals until the close of the late war. Was married May 6th, 1846, to M. Caroline Lenoir, a native of North Carolina, with whom he has raised seven children, all living. Shortly after his marriage he settled at his present home, in West Columbia, where he has resided ever since. Crossed the plains to California in 1849, with a Boone county company, and remained in the mines until the winter of 1850, when he returned and led an expedition of his own on a second trip of great exposure, sickness and loss. He returned to Columbia in the winter of 1851, and resumed his law practice. For the next ten years he was engaged in a mixed business requiring great labor and energy. In addition to the law, he managed his farms, a saw-mill, and attended to the duties of public administrator. He was also a trustee of Christian College, and save that institution a laro;e share of his time and money. At the breaking out of the civil war he became and remained a decided Union man. He organized the Union clubs of the county. Was commissioned a lieutenant-colonel of the 61st regiment Enrolled Missouri Militia, by Gov. Gamble, and went at once into active local service. During the same j^ear he was commissioned by President Lincoln one of the Home Guard commissioners for Missouri. His associates were Charles T. Sherman, of Ohio, brother to Gen. Sherman, and George R. Taylor, with Col. James H. Moss as U. S. attorney. The duties of this office lasted for nearly seven months, and nearly $1,000,000 of claims for services and material- were audited and allowed against the United States, in favor of early, irreo:ular service in Missouri. After fulfilling the duties of this position he returned to active military service at home in the autumn of 1863, but early in the winter following he was detailed for duty as provost marshal at Columbia, in which position he remained until the office was closed in 1864. He was elected to the legislature in 1868 on the Republican ticket and served two sessions. He was chosen to this service - with Hon. James S. Rollins in the Senate - with special reference to the Agricultural College being located in Boone county, and so completely did this matter absorb their time and attention that the Boone members could take no part in any other legislation, scarcely even by voting. The desired result was finally achieved at the end of the second winter, but not without great labor and skilful management on the part of both the Boone members and their friends. It may be said that with less ability, energy and perseverance than were displayed by Col. Russell and Maj. Rollins, and the earnest cooperation of a number of enterprising citizens of Boone county, the Agricultural College would never have been located at Columbia. Col. Russell voted for the emancipation ordinance. From 1860 to 1880 he was a curator of the State University, and as such was justly entitled to the credit of placing his old preceptor, Dr. Daniel Eead, at the head of that institution, and whose earnest and devoted labors in behalf of the University are well known and universally recognized by all true friends of the institution. He oro;anized and carried throuah the present system of cheap club boarding houses for poor students. He also procured the appointment of Prof. Ficklin to his present position in the University. Was also one of the committee to locate the School of Mines, and to visit all the ag-ricultural colleo;es in the United States in the interest of the Missouri school. E. L. Todd, of Columbia, and A. W. Matthews, of Springfield, were also members of the committee. For the last ten years Col. Russell has devoted his time to domestic life and private business affairs.

John Bedford Royall And Family

The distinguished family whose history is briefly outlined in this sketch originated in Virginia, the grand "Old Dominion" from whence so many of the finest families of the land have come westward and southward. John Bedford Royall, whose immediate family are associated with the history of Boone county, was born in Halifax county, Virginia, May 23, 1788. He was reared in his native county, and finished his educational course at Hampden-Sidney College. He was commissioned a captain of cavalry in the war of 1812, and therein, as all through his long and useful life, did creditable service. He was a man of great literary tastes and aesthetical turn of mind ; and he gratified his desires in this particular by much close and constant reading. He was admitted to the Virginia bar and practiced law in that State for some years. He removed to Boone county, Missouri, in 1840, though he only lived four years after settling in this hospitable clime. Mr. Royall was married, Janua,ry 29, 1817, to Miss Pamelia Williamson Price, daughter of Pugh W. Price, of Prince Edward County, Virginia. Mr. Royall had been long connected with the Presbyterian church, and died firm in that faith, departing this life in Columbia, Missouri, August 24, 1844. Mrs. Royall, who still survives at this writing, is living in Columbia with her son and daughter. She was born August 11, 1800, and is a sister of the lamented Gen. Sterling Price of Confederate fame, John R. Price, Maj. Robert Pugh Price, and Dr. Edwin Price. Her brothers all became more or less distinguished. The generous and noble-hearted Pugh, though less famous than some of his brothers, has never been publicly mentioned in such a manner as his many estimable qualities entitled him to. Mrs. Royall was educated at Reed's Academy in Virginia. She was married young, and became the mother of six children. Elizabeth died at fifteen years old, while at school at Danville, Va., Academy. Mary Jane Royall became the wife of Col. William F. Switzler, of Columbia, and died September 11, 1879. Wm. Bedford Royall is at this writing a colonel in the regular United States army. He had served in the Mexican war, and was a first lieutenant in Captain McMillan's Boone county company. He was in Texas at the outbreak of the civil war, and remained loyal to his government, doing most of his service in Virginia. He was six times wounded in an eno-ao'ement with "Jeb." Stuart's Confederate cavalry. This took place in Virginia, and was a hand-to-hand fight, in which Captain Lataine was killed. Capt. L. was in command of a Confederate detachment that assailed Capt. Royall. At the close of the war William B. came out with the rank of major. He distinguished himself in June, 1876, in a fight with Sitting Bull at Rosebud, Dakota Territory. He now holds the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and is with his regiment in Arizona Territory. John Price Royall, still another son, and now teacher of book-keeping in the State University, was born in Halifax county, Virginia, July 11, 1831. He married Miss Nancy C. Wells, of California, June 4, 1868, Prof. Royall went out to California ^ in 1850, and there became assistant State superintendent under O. P. ^ Fitzgerald, D. D. He was engaged in teaching mining and farming during his long residence in that State, and also taught book-keeping in the San Francisco city schools. He returned to Columbia in 1880, and went in the University as stated above. Victoria Regina resides in Columbia with her mother and brother, while Virginia Lafayette (now Mrs. J. A. Henderson, wife of Judge Henderson, of St. Louis county), is now a resident of Clayton, that county.

Col. William F. Switzler

Col. Switzler was born in Fayette county, Kentucky, March 16, 1819. His paternal grandparents were natives of Switzerland. They emigrated to America, settling near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, subsequently removing to Orange county, Virginia, where Simeon Switzler, the father of Col. S. was born. Li 1826 Wm. F. came with his father to Fayette, Howard county, Missouri, and here resided until 1832, when the family moved to a farm about midway between Fayette and Boonville. He attended school at Mt. Forest Academy and read' law at home, his instructors in law being Col. J. Davis and Judge Abiel Leonard.

Col. Switzler early evinced a decided taste for politics. In 1840, when but twenty-one years of age, he was a strong Whig, and wrote a series of able articles in the Boonslick Times (then published at Fayette) advocating the election of Gen. Harrison. January 8, 1841, he came to Columbia and read law in the office of Hon. J. S. Rollins. In 1841 he was selected to deliver a public address on the occasion of the death and in commemoration of the life and services of Gen. Harrison. In the same year he became editor of the Patriot. His admission to the bar occurred in 1842. In July he retired from the Patriot, but in December following he purchased a half interest in the office, and again became its editor (see history of Coluj;nbia Patriot). Col. Switzler's public services in behalf of his county and State are set forth on other pages of this volume and need not again be mentioned here.

As stated, he was an old line Whig, and as such voted for and supported Gen. Harrison for president in 1840 ; Henry Clay in 1844 ; Gen. Taylor in 1848 ; Gen. Scott in 1852 ; Millard Fillmore in 1856 ; and John Bell in 1860. In the latter year he was a candidate for presidential elector on the Bell-Everett ticket and made a thorough canvass of his district. During the war he was a decided but conservative Union man. Since 1863 he has acted with the Democratic party. He supported Gen. McClellan for president in 1864; Horatio Seymour in 1868 ; Horace Greeley in 1872 ; Samuel J. Tilden in 1876, and Gen. Hancock in 1880.

In 1866 and also in 1868 Col. Switzler was the Democratic nominee for cono-ress in his district. Notwithstanding the disfranchisement of a very large number of Democrats, he was both times elected by large majorities over his Radical competitors. The Radical secretary of state " went behind the returns," however, and each time gave the certificate of election to Col. S.'s competitor. Each time the case was carried up to congress, and on both occasions a majority of the committee on election, largely Republican, reported in favor of Col. Switzler. The Radical majority in the house, however, refused to ratify the actions of the committee, and both times awarded the seats to the sitting members. On both occasions Col. Switzler presented his case to the house in speeches of great ability and power, which uttracted attention and comment throughout the Union. Previous to the war - in 1846, 1848 and 1856 - he was elected to the legislature from Boone county.

Col. Switzler was a member of the State constitutional convention of 1865, in which he took a very prominent part against disfranchisement and other extreme measures adopted by the Radical majority of that body. He was also a member of the constitutional convention of 1875, and was chairman of the committee on education. To him the people of the State are largely indebted for the article on that subject in the present constitution.

January 1, 1878, leaving the Statesman newspaper under the editorial control and business management of his brother, Lewis M. Switzler, a lawyer of Columbia, and of his eldest son, Irvin Switzler, he assumed half ownership and chief editorial charge, in conjunction with M. B. Chapman, of the St. Joseph Daily Evening Chronicle, but in April following disposed, of his interest, returned to Columbia and resumed control of the Statesman, which he yet maintains. His history discloses the remarkable fact of more than forty years' editorship of the same paper in the same town.

A few days after he left Columbia for St. Joseph, as it was supposed, there to make his permanent home, his old neighbors and countymen held a public meeting in the court-house, which was presided over by the late Elder J. K. Rogers, and which was addressed by Hon. J. S. Rollins, Robert L. Todd, Prof. G. C. Swallow, Rev. W. T. Ellington, Capt. H. C. Pierce and others, each bearing testimony to the high character, ability and services of Col. Switzler, with personal regrets at his leaving Columbia. Resolutions were passed by the meeting eulogistic of him as a journalist, legislator and citizen - such resolutions as few men of any State live to see passed and published in commendation of them by their old friends and countymen.

In 1877 Col. Switzler wrote " Switzler's History of Missouri," universally regarded and adopted as the standard history of our State. Being for so long a time in public life and blessed with a phenomenal memory, he is a perfect animated cyclopedia of facts pertaining to the history of Missouri and Boone county, and has the full capacity to put them on paper, as is evidenced by the "History of Missouri," and by this volume, the general history in which was chiefly written by him.

ginia. Mrs. Switzler died September 11, 1879, leaving three grown children, two sons and one daughter. One of the sons, Irvin Switzler, is now proprietor of the Columbia Statesinan. Col. Switzler himself remains unmarried.

It may further and in conclusion be said of Col. Wm. F. Switzler that he is a self-made man, who has won honorable distinction by industry, self-reliance, personal purity and worth. As a journalist he ranks high, the Statesman being regarded as a powerful and influential journal which in each issue is filled with matter conducive to good taste, good morals, and good government. Although always surrounded by those who made, sold and drank spirituous liquors he has never tasted of an intoxicating beverage . He has been always a steady, unflinching advocate of total abstinence, and is known as a leading worker in the cause of temperance and prohibition in this State. He is the G. W. C. T. of the order of Good Templars for the fourth time.

Col. Switzler has done good service for Boone county. As its representative in legislative councils he was always ready, faithful and efficient ; during the war he was of great assistance to the people of his county who favored secession, and had fallen under the ban of Federal militar}^ authority ; in every public enterprise he was always among the foremost ; in every good work he has never been behind hand ; as a friend he is loyal and trustworthy ; as a citizen and a man he is a model, and while he is now blessed with troops of friends and admirers, there are generations yet unborn that will rise up to do honor to his memory.

John Martin Samuel

John M. Samuel was born in Columbia, Boone county, Missouri, December 16, 1825. His parents were Eichard and Lucy (Marrs) Samuel. He had the misfortune to lose both his father and mother at the age of six years, and was subsequently taken to Kentucky where he was reared to manhood and partly educated under the care of relatives of that State. Returning to Columbia, Missouri, in 1842, he entered the State University, then opened for the first time for the admission of students. He was therefore one among the first to avail himself of the superior advantages afl'orded by this institution of learning. In 1844 he attended college in Louisville, Kentucky. He then studied law with Preston Loughborough and William H. Field, of that city, and in 1848-9 attended a course of lectures at the law school of Transjdvania University, Kentucky. After years of study and preparation for the bar, he now determined to eno;ao-e in the mercantile business and devoted all his energy and enterprise in that direction, being largely interested in the sale of merchandise and in shipping tobacco and pork. He was quite successful in business and contributed largely to the prosperity of the community with whom he traded. Always liberal in his dealings, he has, while prospering himself, promoted the prosperity of others. He was elected sheriff of Boone county in 1857 by the largest majority, perhaps, ever received by a candidate for that office, in this county. He was re-elected in 1859. He was elected clerk of the circuit court in 1867, and re-elected in 1871. In 1876 he was elected county treasurer, and now holds that position. He has given entire satisfaction to the public in all his official relations, and he has performed all his public duties with ability, promptness and integrity. He is a gentleman of benevolent and kindly impulses, a public spirited citizen, a wise counsellor and a true friend, and is deservedly popular in the community which has known him long and well. Mr. Samuel was married, September 2, 1847, to Miss Elenora B., daughter of the late Ishmael Vanhorn, of Boone county. They have three daughters, all married. Mr. and Mrs. Samuel are faithful members of the Presbyterian church, and are usefully and actively interested in the general good of society.

Prof. Paul Schweitzer, Ph. D.

Prof. Schweitzer is a native of Prussia, born in the city of Berlin, March 16, 1840. His father was a respectable citizen of the middle class and renowned as a mathematician. Prof. Schweitzer received his education in the Universities of Berlin and Goettingen, graduating from the latter institution in 1869. In 1864 he came to America and resided for a time in the cities of Philadelphia and New York. He was a teacher in the polytechnic school at Philadelphia, and also taught in the school of mines, Columbia College, New York City. In 1867 he returned to Germany and remained a few mouths. In 1869 he again visited the fatherland, and it was during this visit that he received his diploma from Goettingen . He returned to New York and resumed his place in the school of mines of Columbia where he was employed until in September, 1872, when he accepted the position of professor of analytical and applied chemistry in the University or Missouri ; this title was afterwards changed to that of professor of chemistry, and this position he now holds.

His preceptors were the celebrated Gerraj^an scientists Mitscherlich, Eose, and Woehler. He is a corresponding member of the New- York Academy of Science, a member of the American Chemical So- <;iety, and a fellow of the American Association for the advancement of science. He is the author of many important papers on the subjects connected with the science of chemistry. A lecture delivered by him on the subject of petroleum has been published, widely circulated, and universally commended, being frequently referred to and quoted from as indisputable authority. The professor belongs to the conservative school of thought, not sharing the views of many German scientists and philosophers. He accepts only what is demonstrated to be true, indulges in but few speculations concerning the improbable, and rejects everything that will not bear analysis. He is wedded to his science and is constantly discovering new beauties and priceless qualities in his mistress.

June 22, 1870, Prof. Schweitzer married Miss Sarah Howard, a native of England, but a resident of New York City at the time. They now have two children, Willis and Lizzie. The professor was born and confirmed in the Lutheran church, and has never united with any other religious organization. Mrs. Schweitzer is a Baptist. Prof. S., was naturalized as an American citizen in 1872, and is warmly attached to the institutions of his adopted country. He attends elections, votes to please himself, and is not a partisan in politics, bearing himself in all things " with malice toward none, and charity for all."

August Schults

The subject of this sketch is the son of Peter and Mary (Bellamer) Schults. He was born May 28th, 1828, in Elberfeld, Prussia. Was reared and educated in his native town until 1844, when he entered the University of Bonn, where he remained for five years. He graduated at that institution, July 4th, 1855. After finishing his course at Bonn he left for America, landing in the city of New York, where he kept books for two years. In 1857 he went to Buffalo, New York, where he enlisted in the United States army and was sent to Utah. He belonged to the regular army for five years. Li 1862 he joined the Federal army, and was made adjutant of the Thirtieth Missouri infantry. Was in the battles of Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Walnut Hill, Ft. Blakely and Port Hudson. Was mustered out in Columbus, Texas, in 1865. In the spring of 1866 he went into the produce and commission business in St. Louis, Missouri, and remained there until he came to Columbia, in 1868. He engaged in farming, one and onehalf miles northwest of Columbia, untilJanuary, 1875, when he moved to town and entered the circuit clerk's office, where he has labored ever since. He was married in St. Louis to Emma Solier, daughter of Louis S. Solier, of Switzerland. His father died in Elberfeld, Prussia, in 1845. His mother died in 1861. Mr. Schults is an excellent clerk. His writing is as plain as print and perfectly uniform. His books will compare with the best in State for neatness and accuracy. He takes great pride in his work and has always given perfect satisfaction.

Warwick Martin Scott

Warwick Martin Scott, son of Eobert E. and Anna H. (Oldham) Scott, was born in Boone county, October 8th, 1846. A sketch of his family may be found elsewhere in this volume, in connection with the biography of Robert E. Scott. The subject of this sketch was educated at the Missouri State University. He commenced business as a clerk, October 8th, 1867, with Moss & Prewitt, dry goods merchants, of Columbia, Missouri. He stayed with this firm for five years then went to Paris, Texas, where he sold dry goods for J. T. Berry, remainino' with him for sixteen months. He then returned to Boone county, in August, 1874, and went to clerking for Samuel & Strawn. Remained with them until August, 1875, when he became a member of the grocery firm of Scott, Kennan and Ferguson. Was a member of the firm of Strawn, Ferguson & Co., dry goods merchants, for several years, also of Scott, Kennan & Co., groceries, until August 1st, 1882. He is now a member of the firm of Scott & Kennan, one of the largest and best equipped mercantile establishments in Central Missouri. Messrs. Scott & Kennan are self-made men, born and raised in Boone county, and from early boyhood thoroughly identified with the business interests of Columbia and the surrounding country. Was married, October 8th, 1878, to Miss Annie B., daughter of Dr. Alfred and Percilla Patton, of Vincennes, Indiana, They have one son and one daughter, - Annie P., born July 29th, 1879, and Robert Alfred, born July 18th, 1881. Mr, Scott is a member of the Christian church, also of the Masonic order. Mrs. Scott is a member of the Christian church.

son of Samuel and Harriet (Rogers) Kenuan. Was reared on the homestead, attending the public school of his neighborhood during his minority. He commenced his business career, February 16, 1867, when he entered the dry goods store of Conley, Strawn & Co., as a salesman. He continued with this firm six years, when he became a member of the dry goods firm of Strawn, Hedden & Co. He was a member of this firm for two years. In 1874 he was engaged as a salesman in the dry goods store of Samuel & Strawn, and remained with that firm one year. In 1875 he left the dry goods trade and embarked in the grocery business with Scott, Kennan & Ferguson, under the firm name of Scott, Kennan & Ferguson. Continued with this firm until 1879. From 1879 until August 1, 1882, he was one of the partners of Strawn, Ferguson & Co., dry goods, and Scott, Kennan & Co., grocers. The present firm is Scott & Kennan. They employ four salesmen and three porters and run three wagons. Their stock consists of all kinds of staple and fancy groceries, queensware, glass, wooden and tinware. Mr. Kennan has been remarkably successful in business, having commenced without a dollar. The firm of Scott & Kennan is doing the largest business, perhaps, of any similar establishment in the county. The firm is composed of young men born and raised in Boone county, each of whom commenced life with little or no capital but nerve, energy and prudence. They have mer- ited and won the confidence and patronage of the public and have established a business second to none in the country, Mr. Kennan was married, September 18, 1879, to Miss Sue, daughter of Dr. William and Matilda (Colborn) Garrard. They have one child, Matilda C.

Thomas Calvin Scruggs

Thomas Calvin Scruggs was born at Sacramento City, California, October 30, 1852. He is the son of John Calvin and Juliet (Sexton) Scruggs. His father was a prominent stock dealer of Sacramento, California. He bought his stock in Missouri and the territories and drove across the plains. He had also invested considerable capital in real estate at Sacramento, and was largely interested in mining. He died at sea, three days out from shore, but was brought to the city of New Orleans for interment. His body was afterwards removed to Independence, Missouri, and deposited in the cemetery. Young Scruggs came with his mother to Kansas City in 1854, where he was educated at the high school, afterwards learning the carpenter's trade under John M. Jackson, a prominent builder of that city, serving an apprenticeship of five years. Before entering upon his apprenticeship, however, he travelled the river for several years as a newsboy. After quitting Mr. Robinson, he visited many parts of the country, working at his trade from time to time to defray expenses. He landed at Columbia in the autumn of 1873, and has remained here ever since, having been actively engaged as a contractor and builder since becoming a citizen of the place. He was married November 13, 1873, to Miss Sallie, daughter of Charles E. and Mary (McDaniel) Sexton. They have one son and one daughter, John C. and Lillie. Mrs. Scruggs is a member of the Methodist church. Mrs. Juliet Strong, the mother of Mr. Scruggs, was first married, May 25, 1848, to John C. Scruggs. She was married to William A. Strong, December 27, 1855, in Kansas City, Missouri. He was born and educated in North Carolina. During the summer previous to his%iarriage he established the Kansas City Enterprise, now known as the Journal. He had control of this paper for about two years, Mr. Strong afterwards came to Boone county, where he resided for nine years. He returned to Kansas City, where he died in 1869. He was a brilliant writer and an able speaker.

Charles C. Sherwood

vania, which State he represented in the United States Senate for nine years. The subject of this sketch was born at Wellsboro, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, April 15, 1839, and was educated at Oxford College, New York, where he graduated in 1856. He then went to Fon du Lac, Wisconsin, where he engaged in the mercantile business, remaining there two years, when he went to New Orleans, and for the next two or three years succeeding was first clerk- of several river steamers, remaining in this business until the beginning of the war. In 1861 he enlisted in Company A, Second Wisconsin cavalrj^ and was engaged as secretary to Gen. C. C. Washburne, and subsequently became a member of his staff. He served as aide de camp until 1862, when he resigned in order to accept a position in the revenue department, where he remained for one year. He was next engaged as chief clerk in the United States engineer department, his duties pertaining to fortifications. Remained in this position until 1865, when he resigned to accept the appointment of general passenger agent of the Atlantic and Mississippi Steamship Company, with headquarters at New Orleans, Was with this company two years. In 1868 was appointed western travelling agent for Grand Trunk railroad in Canada, Vermont Central railroad and Royal Mail line of steamers. Held this position until 1872, when he went to Chicago and was engaged as commercial editor of the Chicago Commercial Advertiser for two years ; then went on the road for John H. Catherwood & Co., a tea firm of Philadelphia. Was with this establishment until 1876. Afterwards he removed to Chicago and was engaged to travel for Grannis & Farwell, wholesale grocers, remaining with this firm some time, when he came to Columbia, Missouri, and opened a millinery store on a larger and more attractive scale than had ever before been seen in the place. He has the largest retail millinery establishment in Missouri. Mr. Sherwood was married, August 1, 1876, ta Miss Minnie G., daughter of T. T. and Elizabeth (Wright) Shootman, of Mexico, Missouri. They have one son, John Morgan. Mr. and Mrs. Sherwood are both members of the Christian Church.

Clinton B. Sebastian

C. B. Sebastian is the son of Alexander H. and Tabitha A. (Jacobs) Sebastian, and was born at Cloverport, Breckinridge county, Kentucky, March 24, 1852. His father moved to Boone county, Missouri, in 1854, and settled on Two-mile prairie, six miles east of Columbia on the St. Charles road, where he lived until his death in

1876. His wife died the same year, and both are buried at the old Cedar Creek Church. They were consistent members of the Methodist Church. Clinton B. was educated at the State University, and graduated in law in the class of 1876, having laid the foundation for his profession of the law in the office of John Overall, now of St. Louis. Since graduating he has practiced his profession in Columbia, building up a reputable and lucrative practice. On the 29th of August, 1882, he received the nomination at the hands of the Democratic party, for the office of prosecuting attorney of Boone, beating the present incumbent, J. DeW. Robinson, five hundred and three votes at the primary election. The county's interests will be safe in the hands of Mr. Sebastian, and criminals may expect vigorous, able prosecution at his hands. He is a young gentleman of sterling integrity, and one whom Boone county delights to honor. He is an exemplary member of the Methodist Church, also a member of the Odd Fellows Lodge at Columbia. He is the State president of the Phi Delta Theta society, a Greek letter college fraternity.

Robert Hudson Smith

Few business men have occupied so prominent a position before the people of Boone county as the subject of this sketch, and none, perhaps, have a firmer hold upon the confidence of the public. He is the son of William and Elizabeth (Cress) Smith, originally of Millersburg, Bourbon county, Kentucky, where he was born May 17, 1821. He came with his parents to Callaway county, Missouri, in the spring of 1826, and settled near Millersburg. They resided in Callaway county until the fall of 1844, when they came to Boone and settled three miles north of Columbia, at what was known as Hannah's Mill,, on Hinkson . creek, where they remained until 1848, when Mr. Smith went to Santa Fe, taking with him a saw-mill, the first ever erected in that country. He remained there until 1850, when he came back to Boone i3ounty and located two miles south of Columbia, taking charge of the Reuben Black grist and saw mill, which he changed from a water-power to steam. He remained with this mill until 1855, when he went to the John Keene farm, three miles east of Columbia, on the Mexico road, where he built a steam mill which he operated until 1862, when he came to Columbia and bought the mill then under construction, paying the proprietor, Gaines C. Raney, $10,000 for the property, which he completed, adding from time ta time such new machinery as the increase of business demanded. He sold the property in 1871 for $18,000, to Couley, Anderson & Guitar. The mill is now valued at $60,000. In the fall of 1871 Mr. Smith went to Rocheport, Missouri, and bought the old Stailey mill, which was blown up a few months later, killing A. J. Norris, the enghieer, and badly injuring a man named Roberts. He at once rebuilt the mill, putting in new machinery and sparing no expense in his efforts to repair the loss. In less than a year the new mill was in ashes. The cause of the fire was never known. Mr. Smith was, for the time being, financially ruined. He came to Columbia without a cent. The people, appreciating his active, earnest labors in the past, and feeling a generous sympathy for his losses, elected him collector of Boone county, which position he held for two years, at the same time conducting a livery stable and stock business at Columbia, which he continued to follow for four years after his term of office expired. He then bought a third interest in the Columbia mills, for which he paid $9,000. He remained with this firm for one year and a half, when he sold his interest to Anderson, Hubbard & Co. He now turned his entire attention to trading in stock and real estate, which he followed until April, 1882,. when he became one of the proprietors of the Farmer's mill, Columbia, Missouri, saw and grist combined, situated in the northwestern part of town. Mr. Smith was married. May 25, 1843, to Martha A., daughter of Thomas and Patsey McCutchen. Mrs. Smith died in less than one year after their marriage. She was buried in the old Hinkson Creek church-yard. He was married to his second wife, Caroline, daughter of John and Mary (Williams) Cave, of Scott county, Kentucky, July 17, 1850. By this marriage they had two sons and one daughter, Andrew F., Thomas C. and Mary E., all of whom are dead. They were buried at the Colunibia cemetery. Mr. Smith is still in vigorous health, and is as active and enterprising as when he first commenced his business career, years ago. In addition to the mill already mentioned, Mr. Smith owns a nice residence in Columbia, and a half interest in a farm of four hundred and forty-four acres, one-half mile north of Stephens' Store, Callaway county, Missouri. It is hardly proper to close this biographical sketch without making brief mention of the parents of Mr. R. H. Smith. His father, William Smith, was born September 11, 1787, and died July 17, 1860, at the age of seventy-two. He is buried in the Bonne Femme church-yard. His wife, Elizabeth, was born May 25, 1793, and is still living, having reached her ninetieth year. She is living with her son, G. W. Smith, in Callaway county. William

Hon. James L. Stephens

Smith, brother of Robert, has six living children, five sons and one daughter. One son, William H., was killed in the Confederate army. Mr. and Mrs. Robert Smith are members of the Baptist Church, ^nd have been since 1850. He is also a member of the Masonic order.

James L. Stephens was born in Girard county, Kentucky, November 17, 1815, and removed with his father (Elijah Stephens) in the fall of 1819, from Kentucky to Boone county, Missouri. After remaining on the farm with his father, and receiving such an education as the schools of the country at that day afforded, he, in the spring of 1836, entered the dry goods store of Parker & Barr, of Columbia, as clerk, and has continually resided in Columbia ever since, except one year in New York City ; two years in Greensburg, Indiana, and one year each in Mexico and Fulton, Missouri. In 1843 he engaged in a large business on his own account, conducting three dry goods in three county seats, one in Mexico, one in Fulton, and one in Columbia. He inaugurated the first successful cash system in business in Central Missouri ; and while largely engaged in merchandising, he also conducted a model farm, and for more than twenty years, bought and sold annually from 300 to 500 head of mules. Few, if any, individuals have ever transacted more business in Boone county, and none in his section have more generously contributed in means or labor to build up and establish public improvements, scarcely a public enterprise of his town or county for the past twenty years failing to receive his cordial and hearty cooperation ; and at least one-halt of all he has earned through an extended and successful business career, has been given to aid in building roads, churches, schools, etc. He not only endowed Stephens College with $20,000, but advanced $6,000 besides to relieve the institution of a mortgage that had been placed on it under its former organization, and to aid in erecting its buildings. At one time, he undertook the work of raising $50,000 endowment for it, and succeeded in securing pledges for half that sum, which failed, however, in consequence of the entire sum not being subscribed at the time the school was changed from a local institution to one which received a patronage throughout the State. At another time he raised on a general subscription from citizens of Boone county $7,000 or $8,000 towards enlarging and improving the college property, which, with other kind offices in the interest of the institution, caused the General Baptist Association (whose property it is), at its session in St. Louis in the fall of 1870, to confer his name upon it. In 1860, Mr. Stephens was the regular nominee of the Democratic party for State Senator and made the race to the satisfaction of his friends against ex-Gov. Chas.- Hardin, receiving the full strength of the party, which was then a decide/1 minority, causing his defeat by some 500 votes. Twenty years after, in 1880, he was again nominated by the Democrats of the Ninth senatorial district, composed of the counties of Audrain, Boone and Callaway, and elected by an overwhelming malority against the combined ticket of Kepublicans and Greenbackers. Mr. Stephens not only circulated the petition which obtained the largest number of names in aid of the railroad and the rock roads, which are of such incalculable value to Boone county, but his was the largest individual subscription in aid of those enterprises, - amounting to $2,600. At the same time he was one of the heaviest taxpayers in the county.

Edwin W. Stephens

Edwin W. Stephens, editor and proprietor of the Columbia Herald^ was born in Columbia, Missouri, January 21, 1849. He is the only son of Hon. James L. and Amelia (Hockaday) Stephens. A sketch of his father's life may be found elsewhere in this volume. Mr. Stephens, the subject of this biography, was reared and educated in Columbia, graduating at the State University in 1867. Soon after completing his studies at the University, he entered Jones' Commercial College, St. Louis, Missouri, where he completed his collegiate course, adding to his literary attainments a thorough business education. Returning to Columbia he entered the newspaper business, purchasing in 1870, a half interest in the Boone County Journal. In

1872, he became sole proprietor of the Herald, which he enlarged and greatly improved, making it one of the largest and most popular country newspapers in the State. Mr. Stephens was married September 26, 1871, to Miss Laura Moss, daughter of Col. James H. Moss, of Columbia, and grand-daughter of Judge Warren Woodson. Mr. Stephens has been a curator of the State University, and is at present a curator of Stephens College. He is an official member of the Baptist Church. Although young in years, comparatively speaking, few men of the State have accomplished more in the same length of time. The Herald, which he has mainly built up, affords splendid evidence of his energy, ability and good management. To say that-jtis one of the most powerful and influential institutions in Boone county is no flattery of Mr. Stephens, whose labors to that end are not only known but appreciated by his numerous patrons. Devoted to his profession, earnest in his efforts to promote the welfare of the people of Boone county, consistent and true to his principles, he has earned and received the active support of the people regardless of politics or opinion. Witli a bright future before him and a past history of which he may well feel proud, he can rest assured of the kind support of a generous and appreciative public.

James F. Stewart

The subject of this sketch is the son of Samuel and Emeline (Holman) Stewart. He was born in Lawrence county, Ohio, October 18, 1844, and came to Pike county, Missouri, in 1850, and to Boone county in 1854, where he was principally educated at the public schools. In April, 1863, he enlisted in the Federal army, joining Company B, Ninth regiment Missouri militia, under Gen. Guitar. His company was commanded by Capt. Adams. August 4, 1864, he reenlisted in the Thirteenth cavalry, Missouri volunteers, for three years; but was mustered out January 3, 1866. While a soldier he participated in the battles of Price's raid. His command met Price at Pilot Knob and pursued him to Fort Scott, where the subject of this sketch was placed in charge of Confederate prisoners. Next went to Waynesville, Missouri, and from there to Colorado, where the Indians had been giving trouble. Returned to Fort Leavenworth and were ordered thence to St. Louis where they were mustered out of service. Mr. Stewart came home and learned the carpenter's trade, serving an apprenticeship of three years under Runkle & McAlister. After finishing his trade, he went to work as a builder and contractor with Tansey & Matheney, who built the Methodist church and the brewery buildings. Was with this firm for about one year, then formed a partnership with George McDaniel. They worked together for three years. From 1873 to 1877 he was alone in the business. He next formed a partnership with John Crist, under the firm name of Stewart & Crist. They now employ six or eight hands and do a large per cent, of the contracting and building in Columbia and surrounding country. Mr. Stewart was married December 29, 1868, to Miss Martha Jane, daughter of Miles Baldridge. Two children were born of this marriage, James E. and Mary L. The first wife died October 10, 1872, and is buried at New -Hope church, Audram county, Missouri. July 30, 1874, he was married' to his second wife, Miss Mattie F., daughter of John A. Reed. By this marriage they had three children : Lawrence F. (deceased), Eva and Onie. Mr. and Mrs. Stewart are members of the Methodist church. He is a member of the order of Knights of Pythias. Mr. Stewart's father was a native of Pennsylvania, and died in Boone^ county, Missouri, January 19, 1877, aged fifty-five. He is buried on the old home place. His mother is living on the old homestead, five miles west of Columbia, on the Rocheport gravel road. There were eleven children in the family, James F. being the oldest. Five of the children are living. Mr. Stewart has worked at his trade almost without intermission since returning from the war. He was superintendent of plank roads while a citizen of Pike and Moniteau, and has held the same position in Boone.

Benjamin F. Stewart

Benjamin F. Stewart is the son of Charles and Elizabeth (Lincoln) Stewart. He was born in the State of Ohio, November 10th, 1845,^ andjcame to Boone county, Missouri, in the autumn of 1855. He grew to manhood and was principally educated in this county. He was married, March 26th, 1868, to Miss Sarah M., daughter of William and Martha (Williams) Milhollin. They have five children, three sons and two daughters : Charles W., Thomas B., Mary A., James A, and Linda L. Mr. Stewart learned the carpenter's trade with Ruckel & McAlister in 1866. Worked at his trade in Columbia until 1875 when he went to St. Louis, Missouri, where he stayed for one year. Came back to Boone county and worked two years in partnership with his brother, J. L. Stewart, in the saw-milling business at Ashland. In 1879 he went to Idaho Springs, Colorado, but did not remain long. Came back to Ashland and commenced contracting and building, remaining there until the summer of 1881 when he returned to Columbia and entered in partnership with Alonzo Duncan as contractors and builders. In 1864 he enlisted as a private in the Federal army, joining Company A, Second Missouri cavalry, under Col. Lewis A. Merrill. Was in the army thirteen months. He is a member of the K. of P. and the Odd Fellow orders. Charles Stewart, the father of Benjamin, was born in Pennsylvania in 1819 and moved to Ohio about the year 1842, and from there to Pike county, Missouri, in 1850. He returned to Ohio soon after, and finally came to Boone county, Missouri, where he died in 1871. Mrs. Stewart is still living at the age of sixty-three years. They had eleven children, six sons and five daughters. Eig-ht of the children are now livino^. Mr. Stewart is a superior workman, and, as a contractor and builder, has won the confidence and patronage of the public. He has all the work he can do and of the better class of carpenter's work.

J. W. Stone

Josiah Wilson Stone, a son of Col. Caleb S. Stone, so frequently mentioned in these pages, is a native of Boone county, born in Columbia. He was educated in the common schools. In early life he engaged in merchandising, and afterward "learned" the Missouri river and ran as pilot thereon for many years. On the breaking out of the war he took service for a short time on the Southern side. He was in the fight at Mt. Zion church, in this county, in December, 1861, but escaped in safety. Soon after he went back to the river and ran as pilot until the war was over. In 1873 he returned to Boone county, and has here resided ever since. In 1878 he was elected sheriff of the county and reelected in 1880.

In 1859 Mr. Stone was married at St. Charles, Mo., to Miss Elvira Dozier, a daughter of Capt. Dozier, of St. Louis, now of the firm of Dozier, Weyl & Co. Mr. and Mrs. Stone are the parents of two children. Mr. Stone is a member of the Christian church, and belongs to the Masonic order and to the Odd Fellows. Boone county never had a more faithful ofiicial or a better citizen than Josiah W , Stone. At the Democratic primaries, , in August, 1882, Mr. Stone was nominated as the candidate for circuit clerk, after a long, arduous and closely contested canvass against such a strong competitor as W» W. Garth, Esq.

George Clinton Swallow, M. D., Ll. D.

The worthy subject of this sketch, who has served Missouri so long and faithfully in a scientific capacity, was born in Biickfield, Oxford county, Maine, in 1817, and is a descendant of a Norman-French family named Sevallieu, whose chief marched with William the Norman into England. One branch emio-rated from France to New Orleans, while another came from England to New England, Prof. Swallow being a scion of the latter family. Early in life young George took a deep interest in the mysterious science of geology. He entered Bowdoin College, from which he graduated in 1843, with high honors and was immediately chosen lecturer in his alma mater on the subject ijf botany. In 1848 he established an agricultural college at Hampden, Maine, having obtained aid from the State for that purpose. He was elected professor of chemistry and geology in the Missouri University in 1850, and 1853 was appointed the first State geologist Missouri ever had. His first official report was published in 1855. He first determined, located and mapped out the boundaries of the geological formations of Missouri, and their mineral contents, as published in his reports and Campbell! s Atlas of Missouri, which reports have been followed by later investigators in working out the minor details of our State's geology. During the war-time the business of the State University and the geological survey were so much broken up that, in 1865, Prof. Swallow accepted an appointment as State geologist of Kansas, and continued in that work two years. He had previously, in 1858, discovered and determined rocks in Kansas belonging to the Permian group of geological series. This was the first time that rocks of this age were shown to exist in America ; and this discovery by Prof. Swallow, together with his reports on the geology of Missouri and Kansas, and papers read before the American Association, gave him a high rank and honorable recognition among the learned societies and savans of America and Europe.

In 1870 the University of Missouri was enlarged, reconstructed and reorganized on the true university plan - with coordinate schools or colleges of literature, science, art, law, medicine, mines and agriculture. Dr. Swallow was appointed to the chair of natural history and agriculture and made dean of the agricultural college.

In June, 1882, Prof. Swallow was removed from his chair in the University as he claims for his persistent efforts to preserve the agricultural college and its funds in their integrity, and on charges which he was not permitted to hear and rebut, and many of which are proved to be false by the official records of the University, the agricultural college and the State Board of Agriculture. [See history of University prepared by Col. Switzler.] For -nearly thirty years past he has been a working and leading member of the agricultural and horticultural societies of the State, their very existence having grown out of his urgent and eloquent advocacy of such organizations as early as 1852. He has also been an active member of the " American Association for the Advancement of Science," and has taken an honored and leading part in many of its profoundest discussions. He has always been a staunch opponent of" Darwinism," or the materialistic phase of the doctrine of evolution. His most persistent and useful work is.

|3erhaps, his study and classification of Missouri soils as shown by his numerous publications on their chemical and physical properties, and the best modes of culture for the staple crops of the Mississippi valley.

Frank Thomas

Mr. Thomas is the son of Christopher and Jemima K. (Detrow) Thomas, and was born July 1, 1836, in Frederick county, Maryland. He was educated in his native county, and at the age of eighteen he came to Palmyra, Missouri, and there learned the carpenter's trade. In 1855 he went to Keokuk, Iowa, and in 185^6 learned the ambrotype picture business, serving an eighteen months' apprenticeship. In May, 1857, he came to Columbia and worked in the picture gallery of J. T. Eedmond, and continued in his employ until July 1, 1857, when he, in partnership with E. L. Wright, went into the business for themselves. They continued the business for about eight months, when he sold his interest in the gallery to a man named Bishop, and worked for the tirm about three months. He then returned to Palmyra and worked at his old trade, that of carpentering. In 1868 he left Palmyra and went to Jefferson City and ran a picture gallery for W. H. Douglass until 1859, when he returned to Columbia and went into the picture business for himself until 1861. He next resumed work at carpentering until 1862, when he took his gallery to Syracuse, where there were several regiments of soldiers, and went Avith them to Jefferson City, Liberty and St. Louis. In 1864 he returned to Columbia and was drafted into the Federal army, Sixth regiment, company H, Missouri volunteers, w^here he served ten months and was discharged in August, 1865. He then came back to Columbia and worked for E. E. Childers in 1866. In 1867 he worked for A. R. Butts. Butts sold out to R. J. Booth, and Mr. Thomas ran the o-allery for him for two years. In 1872 he bought out Mr. Booth and has continued the business ever since. He was a member of the National Photographic Association of the United States until it collapsed ni 1876. He is now a member of the Photographic Association of America, organized in 1880, and was one of its first members. He attends all conventions of the profession, and keeps pace with all improvements in the art. He was married September 14, 1858, to Miss Louisa F., daughter of Andrew Lukeus, of Philadelphia, Pa. They have had nine children, five boys and four girls, but three of whom are now living. He and his wife are members of

Prof. S. M. Tracy

' Samuel Mills Tracy was born in Windsor county, Vermont, April 30, 1847, In 1853 removed with his father to Bloomington, Wisconsin, where he was partly educated. Graduated at Michigan Agricultural College in 1868. After completing his studies, followed horticulture, and was editorially connected with Cohnan's Rural World, St. Louis, Missouri ; was also editor of the Practical Farmer, Philadelphia. In the spring of 1877 was appointed assistant professor of agriculture in the Missouri State University. January, 1881, was made professor of botany and entomology, also superintendent of the agricultural department. Was honored with the degree of M. S. by the University of Michigan in 1876. Prof. Tracy was married in 1874 to Miss Martha A. Terry, of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. They have three children. Mr. and Mrs. Tracy are members of the Presbyterian church. The professor is also a member of the Knights of Honor. During the war he served in the Forty-first Wisconsin . infantry.

George W. Trimble was born in Randolph county, Missouri, July 21, 1839. His father was Maj. Eobert Trimble, of Kentucky; his mother, Elizabeth (Young) Trimble, also of Kentucky. The subject of this sketch was raised on a farm near Fort Henry, and educated at the common schools of the country. At the age of sixteen he came to Columbia, Missouri, and entered the store of J. Kirkbride as a salesman. He clerked for his employer until 1860, when he became a member of the firm. He was married, November 12, 1867, to Miss Martha, daughter of Dr. W. H. Duncan, an old citizen of Columbia. They have two living children, Susie and Margaret. Mr. and Mrs. Trimble are members of the Baptist church. He is also a member of the I. O. G. T. He has been a member of the city council. In 1880 came within thirty-three votes of being elected county treasurer in a vote of 3,000. John M. Samuel was his competitor. Mr. Trimble is now a member of the firm of Trimble, Fyfer & Co. He has a pleasant home, made with his own hands. He is an active, energetic man. In addition to his own private business he has acted as administrator for a number of estates, besides transacting other public business of a similar nature.

Hon. Squire Turner

Hon. Squire Turner, one of the ablest lawyers of Central Missouri, was born in Boone county, Missouri, December 10, 1836. He is the son of A. W. and Matilda (Stone) Turner, natives of Madison county, Kentucky. The elder Turner was born in Richmond, Kentucky, September 18, 1801. In early manhood he studied law under his brother, Hon. Squire Turner, member of Congress, and one of the ablest lawyers of Kentucky. It is worthy of mention that Mr. Justice Miller, of the United States Supreme Court; Hon. William H. Hatch, member of Congress from Missouri ; Hon. Thomas Turner, member of Congress from Kentucky ; ex-Governor McCreery, of Kentucky ; John B. Gordon, late of Boone county, Missouri, besides many other lawyers of eminence, read law out of the same books, in the same office, and under the same distinguished jurist. Mr. Turner practiced with his brother for a few years. After his admission to the bar he was married to Matilda R,., daughter of William Stone, Sr., of Kentucky. In the fall of 1831, when in his thirtieth year, he emigrated to Boone county, Missouri, and at once entered upon the duties of his profession at the Columbia bar. As a commercial and probate lawyer he never had a superior at the Columbia bar. For a long time he acted as public administrator of Boone county, settling up during the time very large and complicated estates. As a member of the lower house of the State Legislature, he, assisted by Henry S. Geyer and ex-Governor Gamble, may be said to have framed the administration law of Missouri. Mr. Turner was a Whig in politics until the dissolution of that party, after which he co-operated with the Democracy. In 1836 he was elected to the lower house of the Legislature, with John B. Gordon, Thomas C. Maupin and Michael Woods. In 1838 Mr. Turner was elected to the State Senate, in conjunction with Thomas C. Maupin, Boone county then being entitled to two senators. At the same election James S. Rollins, David M. Hickman, John B.. Gordon and Alexander Persinger were elected to the lower house. It was during the ensuing session of the Legislature, 1838-39, that the act providing for the location of the State University was passed, under the provisions of which Boone county secured that institution*. The bill was bitterly opposed in the Senate, and but for the labors and influence and arguments of Senator Turner, the bill would not have passed that body. The bill organizing and locating the University was the joint work of Mr. Turner and Hon. James S. Rollins. The original bill was first oiFered in the Senate by Mr. Turner. In the struggle to secure the location in Boone, Mr. Turner proved a tower of strength ; he assisted in canvassing the county for subscriptions, and subscribed and paid out of his own funds |1,500. After serving two years in the Senate, Mr. Turner resigned his seat in 1840, on account of sickness in his family. After retiring from the bar, he devoted the remainder of his life to agricultural pursuits and to raising thoroughbred stock. He died in Boone county, March 4, 1874, leaving a widow and three children - the subject of this sketch, William Turner and Mrs. J. Robert Garth. Mr. Turner was an active, enterprising business man, acquiring by his own industry and good management a large landed and slave estate ; his farm on the Two-mile prairie consisted of 3,000 acres ; this farm was divided equally among his three children. Hon. Squire Turner, the subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in Boone county, graduating from the State University, July 4, 1855. After completing his literary studies he entered the law office of his uncle, Squire Turner, Sr., at Richmond, Kentucky ; he was admitted to the bar at Frankfort on examination by Chief Justice Simpson, February, 1858 ; he practiced law with his uncle until 1860 ; he was married October 16, 1860, in Madison county, Kentucky, to Miss Stone, soon after which he moved to Columbia, Missouri, where he commenced the practice of law, but was interrupted by the war, which closed the courts and put an end to business in his line. In 1862 Mr. Turner, in company with quite a number of the most prominent citizens of Boone county, was banished. He went toVincennes, Indiana, where he practiced his profession in partnership with Hon. William E. Niblack, for many years a member of Congress, and at present chief justice of Indiana. In 1864 Mr. Turner was permitted to return, and has resided in Boone county and practiced at the Columbia bar ever since. In 1872 he was elected to the lower house of the Missouri Legislature, after a long and hotly contested campaign with Col. E. C. More. While a member of the Legislature he was made chairman of the committee on criminal jurisprudence and of the committee on the State University ; he was also a member of the judiciary committee. .He redeemed his pledge made to the people during the canvass, that if elected he would use his best endeavors to secure the passage of a bill calling for a constitutional convention to relieve the people of certain odious restrictions riveted upon them during the war, when only Radicals were allowed to vote. The measure failed in the first regular session, but with untiring energy he succeeded in getting the bill through the adjourned session. It was during this struggle that Mr. Turner delivered his great speech on the " infamous Drake constitution," spoken of by several of the metropolitan journals as one of the ablest efforts ever delivered in the Missouri Legislature. It Was widely published, and raised a torrent of indignation against the old constitution. This speech placed Mr. Turner in the very front rank of debaters - a position he holds to-day. The bill calling for a new constitutional convention was drawn up in the committee of which he was chairman. In addition to other beneficial results of the new constitution may be mentioned one provision in particular, which puts a limit to the power of county courts in appropriating the funds of a county towards furthering railroad jobs and enterprises. He is also the author of the bill, passed and entered as a statute, making seduction a felony, and the crime of rape punishable with death, at the discretion of the jury. In politics, Mr. Turner has always been a Democrat of the most rigid, strict-construction school. His course, both as a citizen and representative, has always been one of undeviating consistency. He engaged in the canvass for Hancock and English in 1880, and made a number of speeches in 1878. He refused to vote for Greeley and Brown in 1872, although a candidate for the Legislature at the time, and well aware of the fact that this opposition would, for the time being, prove prejudicial to his canvass. He frankly told, the people that he could not support Greeley and Brown, both of whom were bitter, vindictive Republicans, having spent the best years of their lives abusing the Democratic party. Few men have the nerve and power to resist a popular hobby of their party while asking its support ; yet Turner not only did this, but was sustained in his position by men who voted for Greeley and Brown, for their conscience told them that Turner was right. Unlike many others of the oldest and most wealthy scions of the early pioneers of Boone, Mr, Turner holds fast to his family real estate on the Two-mile fjrairie - the fine homestead which he inherited from his father, A. W. Turner. He loves his home and the people and associations of his childhood with a warmth and fervor too rarely seen in this commercial age. In 1878 Mr. Turner was a candidate for Congress, but his county being divided, he withdrew at the Sturgeon convention to avoid a squabble, and Gen. John B. Clark, Jr., was nominated. He was urged by friends in Boone and Howard to become a candidate in 1880, and again in 1882, but there being other aspirants in those counties, he shrank from what he feared would be a disagreeable scramble for office. As a lawyer at a leading bar in