Lincoln City (part 8 of 19)

The Press Of Lincoln

In the May following, Mr, Gere, who had edited the paper from Omaha, removed permanently to Lincoln, and became associated with Mr. Carder in the business management of the paper, and the ofhee was soon after removed to more roomy quarters over Jas. Sweet & Brock's bank, in the corner of what is now termed "Ujiion block." In the spring of '69, the [name of the paper was changed to the Nebraska State Journal.

In November of that year Mr, Carder was succeeded by Mr. J. Q. Brownlee, and shortly after the office, still in search of more room, was taken across O street, and occupied the second floor of the frame building second door east of the State block.

On the 20th day of July, 1870, the day on which the ]>urlington & Missouri River Railroad ran its first train into Lincoln, and struck death to the stage line that had been the only means of transportation to the capital of Nebraska, the Daily State Journal first saw the light.

A daily edition had prior to this time been worked off on the liand press, during the session of the Legislature in the winter of '(ill and '70, but it contained little more than the summary of legislative ]>roceedings, and some local items.

A new Taylor cylinder press had been added to the Journal machinery, and after a dozen years of continual faithful service, it gave way to the largest size, two-revolution, Cottrell press, with all modern improvements, including folder.

Still crowded for room, owing to its rapid growth, the Journal office in the spring of '71 returned to the State block, took possession of the rooms over Rudolph's grocery house, that had just been extended fifty feet in the rear, making its quarters 25x100, and amply sufficient for its accommodation. Shortly after, Mr. Brownlee disposed of his interest to Hon. H. 1). Hathaway, of the Plattsmouth Herald, taking an interest in the Herald as part payment, and the firm name became Gere & Hathaway.

In the fall of 1872 a separation was made between the newspaper and the job business, and tlie State Journal Company was organized, the members being Messrs. Gere & Hathaway, and Messrs. A. H. Mendenhall and Geo. W, Roberts, of Peoria, 111., Mr. Mendenhall having long been the foreman of the Transcript office, and the latter, the proprietor of a bindery and blank book establishment in that city.

ing, biuderv, and blank book making, was made to the old job department of the Journal, and again more room had to be obtained. The second stories of the fiv'e buildings, known as Commercial block, on the southwest corner of Government square, were connected by a common hall, and after some alterations, nearly the whole of the upper half of the block was taken, part for the State Journal company, and part for the newspaper, still owned and published by Gere Hathawav.

State Jouknal Building

In 1887, Mr. Roberts having sold his interest in the Journal company to Mr. John R. Clark, and it having been incorporated under the laws of the State, Messrs. Gere & Hathaway transferred the newspaper to the company.

The officers of the com[)any are: C. H. Gere, President; A. H. Mendenhall, Vice President; .John R. Clark, Secretary, and H. D. Hathaway, Treasurer.

The beginning of the year 1882, found the State Journal company in the occupancy of their handsome and spacious new building, situated upon the corner of P and Ninth streets. This building is a

-substantial stone and brick structure, three stories and basement, with a frontage of 75 feet on P street, and 142 feet on Ninth street. The aground was broken in June, 1880, and the various departments ready for occupancy the first of December, 1881.

Prior to this last removal into its own quarters, the comj>anv liad added a small line of stationery for its jobbing trade. This department has reached such proportions that it now occupies one-third of the building - the part that was for a time rented. Its mechanical and artistic departments have also grown in the same proportions. A dozen steam presses are used for its job and book work. Its bindery is the largest and completest in the west.

To its thoroughly equipped electrotyping and stereotyping department, it has added a very complete engraving and lithographing establishment, which is employed to its full capacity in furnishing Nebraska work to Nebraskans. The two-revolution Cottrell press has been sent to the job-rooms, and the Journal has for some time been printed on a Hoe perfecting press, with a capacity of 10,000 double sheets per hour, delivered folded to the hands of the mailers and newsboys.

The volume of the business of the Journal Company, in all its departments, reached, in 1882, the first year of its occupancy of its own building, $130,000. For the fiscal year ending July 15, 1889, it -amounted to $288,306.31. It paid for labor during those twelve months an aggregate of $105,176.53, a fraction over |2,000 per week. Its freight bills for the year amounted to $7,318,79.

The history of the democratic press of Lincoln is a varied one. Democratic newspapers have had a precarious existence, and have changed names and owners frequently. In 1867 the Nebraska Statesman was founded by Augustus Harvey as a weekly. It was sold wnthin eighteen months to Randall & Smails, who changed it from a weekly to an evening daily. Owing to Randall's mismanagement, the broke financially, and the material went into the Fremont Tribune office. About 1878 General Yifquain founded the State Democrat, which also changed hands frequently. Among the prominent Democrats who liave had control of the paper may be mentioned Hon. Albert Watkins, Hon. A. J. Sawyer, and Hon. J. W. Barnhart. Changes continued to occur until August 1, 1886, when the property passed into the hands of J. D. Calhoun, who successfully conducted the paper for twenty-three months. On July 1, 1888, Mr. Calhouo sold out to the ^^Call Publishing Company," which changed its politics. In the following August, Messrs. J. A. Emmons and Sol. Oppenheimer purchased an outfit and established the Weekly State Dnnoerat, which is yet in publication and enjoys a good circulation and fair patronage. Mr. Oppenheimer soon sold his interest to Capt. Emmons, who is now the editor, the publishers being the Democrat Publishing Company. The Deinocrat is ably edited, and is earnest in its support of party principles and in pushing Lincoln to the front.

On July 1, 1888, was issued the first number of the Lincoln Daily Call, as an evening paper, by the " Call Publishing Company." Of this company H. M. Bushnell is President, Sam D. Cox Secretary, Treasurer, and Business Manager, and Al. Fairbrother, Managing- Editor. Under the management of these three gentlemen the CalC has grown rapidly in circulation and influence. It is Republican in politics, although free to criticise where criticism is thought to be needed.

Few business enterprises of the city have grown more rapidly than the Lincoln News plant. Beginning as a very small job office, in 1880, by Mr. E. B. Hyde, it has now expanded into a large printing house, infrluding an excellent book bindery, facilities for stereotyping, and two newspaper and a number of job presses. The Daily News was first published on the 26th of October, 1881, as a four column folio, the day of President (jarfield's funeral, by Mr. T. H. Hyde, who actively joined his son, E. B. Hyde, in the business at that time, and has been the main factor in the enterprise ever since. The paper was started to contribute to the business interests of the job department. The winter of 1881-2 was one of commercial activity, and the News prospered, so that early in the spring of 1882 the daily was enlarged to a five-column folio, and advanced to a six-column folio late in the fall of that year. The News continued to grow, and in 1885 Mr. Walter Hoge became interested in the business, and the firm became Hyde, Hoge & Hyde. The pressure of patronage required another enlargement of the News in 1887, when it became a seven-column folio. About the first of the year 1888 a stock company was formed called the "Lincoln Neios Company," and it so continues to the present time, with Messrs. Thomas H. Hyde and E. B. Hyde as the leading stockholders. The daily was again enlarged in the fall of 1888 to an eight-column folio. Mr. Hoge retired from the company during the summer of 1888. Mr. Harry Dobbins became connected with the editorial department in 1888, and he and Mr. T. H. Hyde do the main editorial work, Mr. Hyde being managing editor. Mr. E. B. Hyde is manager of the mechanical and business departments.

The News Company now occupies three floors of the brick building at 121-3 North Tenth street. The daily is steadily increasing its circulation and business, and the weekly News has a large circulation among the people of the county. Altogether the Neivs establishment is the largest printing house, except that of the Journal, in the South Platte section of Nebraska.

The first German newspaper published jin the city of Lincoln was called the Staats-Zeitung, and was owned and edited by Dr. F. Renner, now of Nebraska City. The doctor, a well educated man and strong Republican, started the Staats-Zeitung in 1871, and made a strong fight for General (rrant's reelection in 1872. The Staats-Zeitung was afterward moved to Nebraska City, where it is now published by Mr. Bentler.

The Germans of the city of Lincoln, feeling the necessity of having an organ in their own language, contributed, in the year 1880, a large sum of money, and guaranteed a good patronage, to Peter Karberg, who was known as an old and experienced newspaper man in Dubuque. He moved to Lincoln in the month of May, 1880, and pubh'shed the first number of his Nebixisha Staats-Anzeiger on June 1st, 1880. Karberg's experience and energy soon made the Staats-Anzeiger one of the best and most influential German papers in the State. The early death of Mr. Karberg, on July 2, 1884, made the sale of his paper necessary, and Mr. Henry Briigmann became the successor of Mr. Karberg. Financial troubles caused the foreclosure and sale of the Staats-Anzeiger in October, 1887. The creditors bought the material, and after disposing of the job department formerly connected with the paper, sold it to Schaal & Esser, who now continue its publication. The Anzeiger was a strong advocate of Republican principles under its first two proprietors, who themselves were strong party

The Lincoln Freie Presse is the youngest, but the most successful, German paper, not only in the city of Lincoln, but in the whole State of Nebraska. Its publisher and editor. Major J. D. Kluetsch, is one of the best-known Germans of our State. Being one of the oldest citizens of our city, Mr. Kluetsch knows the wants of our German population, and publishes just such a paper as is demanded and needed. The Lincoln Freie Presse, a seven-column, eight page weekly, was first published on September 1st, 1884, by G. Z. Bluedhorn, who sold it on February 15, 1886, to its present owner, Mr. J. D. Kluetsch. It has now the largest circulation of any German paper in the State. Its circulation is unlimited among the German residents of this and adjoining States, and it accordingly enjoys a very large advertising patronage. Independent in politics, tolerant in religious matters, and fearless, though true, in matters pertaining to the welfare of our city and State, the Freie Presse has done more than any other German paper to build up the State of Nebraska and city of Lincoln. The history of Lincoln, written by the Freie Presse in the German language, in a series of twenty-eight able articles, has advertised our city all over the United States, and also abroad, and Mr, Kluetsch and his paper have been highly commended for the enterprise shown by these articles. John D. Kluetsch, editor and publisher of this paper, was born on the 22d day of March, 1833, in a town called Uelmen, near Coblentz, on the river Khine, in the kingdom of Prussia. After passing the primary schools of his town, he studied at the gymnasiums at Recklinghausen, in Westphalia, and at Coblentz and Trier, in the province of Rhenish Prussia. The gymnasium at Trier, (no doubt the oldest city in Western Europe, and at one time the residence of Constautinc the Great,) was always considered one of the best schools in (jccrmany. After graduating, Mr. Kluetsch visited the University of Bonn, and the Academy of Forestry at Eisenach, the city in which Martin Luther was held as a prisoner, and where he translated the Bible. Having finished his studies, Mr. Kluetsch entered the Prussian Army as a one year volunteer in the Eighth Prussian Sharpshooters' Battallion, at Wetzlar, near Giessen, the well-known German university. After this we find Mr. Kluetsch at the city of Cologne, where he re_ mained in the government's employ, with the exception of a few months during the Franco-Austrian war, in 1859, when lie joined the Prussian army again, until he emigrated to this country, in May, 18G1, shortly after the breaking out of the rebellion. Mr. Kluetseh enlisted as a private in the Eighty-second Illinois Volunteers, and received many promotions for his bravery and good behavior. He served on the staffs of Generals O. O. Howard and Carl Schurz, and took part in some of the hardest-fought battles of our last war; for instance, Fredericksburg, Chaneellorsvillc, Gettysburg, Mission Ridge, and Lookout Mountain. After leaving the armv Mr. Kluetseh moved to Chicago, where he held a number of positions in the postal service, and in the recorder's office as map clerk. He was elected collector of taxes for West Chicago in 1870, and reelected in 1871, and moved to Lincoln on the 1st of May, 1872. Here he followed several vocations, until the 15th day of February, 1886 when he purchased the Lincoln Freie Presse, of which paper he is the sole owner.

The Uausbesuchei' (Home Visitor) is another German paper published in this city by Rev. Chr. Bruegger, pastor of the German Methodist Church, corner of Fifteenth and M streets, under the auspices of this church. It was founded by Rev. Karl Harris, the former pastor, on June 1, 1881. Its circulation is largely among the members of the above church, and reaches about 300 copies.

The Capital City Courier was started with an office desk, but now has one of the finest and most complete newspaper and job printing establishments in the State. The Courier was established by its present proprietor, Mr. L. Wessel jr., December 9, 1885. By successive enlargements the Courier grew from a four to a six-column folio. At the end of six months it blossomed out as a full-fledged newspaper, and charged a subscription price. For the State Fair, of 1887, the proprietor published an edition of 10^000 copies, each eight pages of six columns, and the paper has continued that size ever since. It is one of that class of journals known in the West as "society papers," but it also has full and carefully edited departments devoted to the drama, literature, sport, fashions, humor, music, religion, woman, home architecture, and correspondence, besides chatty conmients on politics and other current events.

In connection M"ith the paper a department for the prosecution of the artistic in printing and publishing is maintained. The offices are on Twelfth street, in the new Burr block, where two store-rooms are occupied, one for the Courier and business department and the other for the composing and press-rooms. '

Believing that there was an opening in the city for a first-class distinctive Sunday morning paper, the Sunday Morning Globe was brought into existence, in April, 1889, the publishers and editors being W. L, Hunter, late of Illinois, and J. C. Seacrest, who had been for two years identified with the newspaper business of the city. The Globe is an eight-page, six-column paper, independent in politics, and devoted especially to the interests of society, secret fraternities, sports, and city events touching the interests of the masses. It aims to be a people's paper. The business is done in the name of the Globe Publishing Company. The office of the company is located in the Windsor block. The daily Globe was started September 28, 1889.

The first agricultural paper published in I^incoln, the Nebrasha Farmer, was established in 1872, by General J. C. McBride and J. C. C.'larkson, now of Chicago. At the time this publication was established, the farming and live-stock interests of Nebraska amounted to very little; they were too young to support a paper published in their interest. But the main reason for the establishment of the paper was to promote, by its influence, the success of certain land deals in the State in connection with a railway project of that early day. In 1880, however, the farming and live-stock interests of the State had grown to larger proportions, making the field of an agricultural paper broader and more lucrative. In that year General McBride purchased his partner's interest in the journal and conducted it alone for some time, when he sold an interest in the paper to O. M. Druse. Soon after this transaction General McBride was appointed postmaster, and the entire paper became the property of Mr. Druse. At this time the Farmer was a monthly publication. In January, 1887, L. L. Siler, of Lawrence, Kas., and H. E. Heath, of Kansas City, purchased the paper of Mr. Druse, who had been running it for some time as a semi-monthly.

E. Heath, who in the following spring took his brother, H. A. Heatli, a practical farmer from Western Nebraska, into partnership, since which time the firm has remained nnchanged. The Nebraska Farmer is recognized as the leading farm journal published in the West. It is ably edited, and has a large force of contributors and correspondents, made up of men who have practical knowledge ot the things about which they write. It has an extensive circulation through Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, and other Western States.

In the fall of 1886, Colonel H. S. Reed and Ex-Governor Robert W. Furnas established a monthly journal called Western Resources, the first number of which was issued in January, 1887. In the fall ot !1887 Colonel Reed purchased the interest of Governor Furnas, and continued to conduct the paper as a monthly until January 1, 1889, when the form of the paper was changed, as was also the time of publication. It is now issued three times per month, viz: on the 10th, 20th, and 30th.

At the time Western Resources was established it was made a general farm paper, but when Colonel Reed became sole proprietor he changed policy and made the paper exclusively a live-stock journal, devoted to the live-stock interests of the State. Since the paper has been conducted on this line of policy, more live-stock organizations have been formed in the State than ever before, for which Colonel Reed is mainly responsible. Western Resources is without a peer in its line in the West, and is acknowledged to occupy second place among the live stock journals of the entire country. Its circulation is about 1D,000 copies, and it is the official organ of the following associations, which shows that it is appreciated by the men in whose interest it is published : Nebraska Draft Horse Breeders' Association ; Trotting Horse Breeders' Association; Hereford Breeders' Association ; Imported Stock Breeders' Association, and the Association of Expert Judges of Swine.

The Nebraska State Laborer was established in August, 1888, by the organized workingmen of this "fcity, and is published under the auspices of their principal organization, the Central Trades and Labor Union. It earnestly champions the cause of the workingmen, and ably advocates all measures which tend to ameliorate the condition of the laborino; masses and elevate them to a higher plane of usefulness aiul enjoyment. It lias grown rapidly in popular favor, and is exercising a wide influence among that class to whose interest it is devoted. It is edited by B. S. Littlefield, a former well-known teacher in Lillibridge & Roosc's business college.

There are at this time twenty-six periodicals published in Lincoln. Besides those referred to at greater length, may be mentioned, more or less in detail, the folloAving additional publications : The Nebraska 3Iethodist, j)ublished at AYesleyan University, in the interest of that institution and Nebraska Methodism generally ; the Hesperian is the organ of the students of the State University ; the Proscenium is a theatrical sheet, issued in the interests of Funke's Opera House ; the Congregational Neics, by Rev. H. A. French, is a journal devoted to the interests of the Congregational Church ; the Lincoln Monthly, by Messrs. Lillibridge & Roose, represents the interests of the Lincoln Business College; the New Republic is the organ of the Prohibition party in the State, of which Hon. W. H. Hardy is now the editor; the Western Woi'kman, by Professor F. F. Roose, is the Western organ of the Ancient Order of United Workmen; the Lincoln Journal of Commerce, is a monthly price current, published in the interests of the city jobbing trade, and for other business purposes; the Nebraska Railway Gazetteer, by Professor F. F. Roose, is a monthly periodical devoted to western railway affairs; the Daily Stock Dealer is a daily published by Mr. Walter Hoge for the benefit of the Lincoln Stock Yards, Packing and Provision Company, and the stock dealers of this vicinity ; the Home Neics is a little folio in the interests of the Home for the Friendless ; the Farmers^ Alliance is a monthly^ designed to represent the association of farmers by that name; the Lincoln Newspaper Union is the trade journal of the Lincoln newspaper ready-print supply and publishing house, managed by Mr. Frank Rohm ; this house also prints the Nebraska State Capital, a story ])ap('r; Modern Bookkeeping, by Lillibridge & Roose, is published in the interests of accountants and students.

1'he Cherrier Directory Publishing Company, of which A. B. Cherrier and N. Hall are the members, has for two years past published city directories which are better arranged, more convenient of reference, and more complete, than any directory before published.

Incarceration Of The City Council Chapter Xxiii

In the fall of 1887, the Mayor and eleven members of the City Council were imprisoned in the county jail of Douglas county for alleged contempt of the Circuit Court of the United States, District of Nebraska. The following is a brief statement of the facts which occasioned this extraordinary action on the part of the Federal Court :

Sometime in the month of August certain parties, gamblers in the city of Lincoln, preferred charges in writing with the Council, against Albert F. Parsons, Police Judge, alleging that he had been guilty of malfeasance in office, in that he had not accounted for moneys collected by him as fines as required by law. These charges were the result of a warfare made upon the gambling fraternity of the city by the newlyelected Mayor, A. J. Sawyer, and the Marshal and police appointed by him. In compliance with the request of the persons making the charges, a committee of the Council was appointed to investigate the charges. The committee met, and after hearing much testimony pro and con, reported to the Council that in their opinion the charges were true, and that the Police Judge had not paid over to the Treasui-er all the money by him received, and recommended that his office be declared vacant, and that a successor be appointed by the Mayor. The ordinance then in force relating to removal of city officers not providing for trial by a committee of less than the whole of the Council, it was amended, and the committee's report again filed.

While the resolution declaring the office vacant was pending, Mr. Parsons appeared with his attorney, Mr. L. C. Burr, and requested that action be delayed until a certain day, when the evidence could be read and counsel heard before the whole Council, stating that if this was done they would be satisfied with the action of the Council in the premises. Their request was acceded to, and a day fixed as desired.

Before that day arrived, ho^vever, Mr. Parsons had obtained from Judge Brewer, of the United States Circuit Court, an order restraining the Mayor and Council from taking further action in the premises until he could hear and determine the matter. After careful consideration, and after taking advice of counsel, the Mayor and Council became satisfied that the restraining order was made without authority of law, and was of no binding force or eifect. They accordingly disregarded it, and proceeded to declare the office of Police Judge vacant, and the Mayor appointed and the Council confirmed Mr. H. J. Whitmore as Police Judge to fill the vacancy.

The action of the city officials was at once brought to the attention of the court, and an order entered, requiring the Mayor and Council to appear and show cause why they should not be punished for contempt.

At the appointed time the parties appeared and presented their reasons for violating the injunction, and averred that the court was without jurisdiction to issue the same, and that consequently they were under no obligations to obey it. Judge Brewer, however, held that his order was properly issued, and adjudged the defendants guilty of contempt, and sentenced Mayor Sawyer, and Councilmen Briscoe, Burks, Cooper, Pace, and Dean, to pay a fine of fifty dollars each, and Councilmen Billingsley, Graham, Hovey, Ensign, Fraas, and Dailey, to pay a fine of six hundred dollars each. One and all declared their intention to suffer imprisonment rather than pay the fine imposed, and they were accordingly taken in charge by the United States Marshal, and confined in the Douglas county jail.

Their attorney, Hon. G. M. Lambertson, had in the meantime prepared the proper papers for an application to the Supreme Court of the United States for a writ of habeas corpus, and took the first train for the city of Washington and made his application in person to Justice Miller. The writ was im.mediately issued as prayed, and after a week of imprisonment, the Lincoln city government was once more at liberty. The application for a writ of habeas corpus was most elaborately argued in the Supreme Court, and great interest was manifested in the case by the legaf fraternity and public generally. January 12, 1888, the decision of the Supreme Court was announced, and with but two exceptions, the judges united in declaring the imprisonment inihiwful, and ordering the release of the prisoners. The legal aspect of the case was as follows:

Incarceration Of The City Councit

It was contended by the petitioners that the Circuit Court of the United States, sitting as a court of equity, had no jurisdiction and authority to make the order under which they were lield by the ^Marshal.

On this point the court said : *'The office and jurisdiction of a court of equity, unless enlarged by express statute, are limited to the protection of rights of property. It has no jurisdiction over the prosecution, the punishment, or the pardon, of crimes or misdemeanors, or over the appointment and removal of public officers, or to sustain a bill in equity to restrain or relieve against proceedings for the punishment of offenses, or for the removal of public officers, is to invade the domain of the courts of common law, or of the executive and administrative department of the Government."

The court then reviewed the petition of Mr. Parsons upon which the restraining order was granted. The matters of law stated in that bill as grounds for the intervention of the Circuit Court were that tlie amended ordinance was an ex-post-facto law, and that all the proceedings of the City Council and its committee, as well as both ordinances, were illegal and void, and in conflict with and in violation of those articles of the Constitution of the United States which provide that no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process ot law ; tlwt in all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury of the State and district where the crime shall have been committed, and to have compulsory process for obtaining witnessess in his favor, and that no State .shall pass any ex-jwst-fado law, or deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, or deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. The court held that the articles which provide that no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, and to secure to the accused in criminal prosecutions trial by jury, and compulsory process for his witnesses, apply to the United States only, and not to laws or proceedings under the authority of a State, and that the provision which prohibits any State to pass ex-post-facto laws applies only to legislation concerning crime; that if the ordinances and proceedings of the Council were in the nature of civil as distinguished from criminal proceedings, the only possible ground for the interposition of the courts of the United States in any form was that Parsons, if removed from office, would be deprived by the State, of life, liberty, or prop- erty, without due process of law, or has been denied the equal protection of the laws. For this a remedy could be found in the courts of the State, by proper proceedings, and the equity courts were powerless to interfere. l)Ut that whether the proceedings of the Council were to be regarded as in their nature criminal or civil, judicial or merely administrative, they related to a subject which the Circuit Court of the United States, sitting in equity, has no jurisdiction or power ovcr^ and can neither try and determine for itself, nor restrain by injunction, the tribunals and officers of the State and city from trying and determining; that the court being without jurisdiction to entertain the bill for an injunction, all its proceedings in the exercise of the jurisdiction which it assumed are null and void ; that it had no power ta make the restraining order; that the adjudication that the defendants were guilty of contempt in disregarding that order was equally void; and that their detention by the Marshal under that adjudication was M'ithout authority of law, and they should be discharged.

The termination of this proceeding in the manner above indicated^ completely vindicating the action of the Council, was greeted by the citizens of Lincoln with great rejoicing, and the released councilmen

The Tartarrax Pageant Chapter Xxiv

Mr. Robert McReynolds, manager of" Funke's Opera JIoii.se, is a man of large ideality, and possesses a high appreciation of the romantic, poetic, and spectacular. He has seen the world, and has an eye to what will please the people. He is not afraid to do and dare, and take reasonable chances on Avinning success. He was one of the pioneer adventurers into the Black Hills, and went there as early as February, 1876. During the closing months of that year he explored Mexico, visited Cuba, and meditated on the poetic deeds of Christopher Columbus while standing by his tomb in the cathedral of Santa Domingo, in Havana. During 1878 and 1879 he traveled over the battle-scarred Southern States, and wrote what he saw for the press. When the great gold excitement w^as taking thousands to licadville, he assisted in leading the van. He is the author of several novels that have been published in book form, and his newspaper " fairy tale," which resurrected Brigham Young, the late president and priest of the Salt Lake "Saints," and found him hidden away near Lincoln, was one of the most successful canards published in recent years. He settled down to business in 1880, in this city, and it so happened that during recent months that he read the tale of mythological heroism displayed by the Spanish general, Coronado, who traveled from Mexico to Nebraska to see whether King Tartarrax really did live in golden splendor in the Land of the Quivera, as related in another chapter of this book.

When it was proposed during April and ]May to celebrate the Fourth of July this year, the city seemed to think it ought to be done. Lincoln had not attempted a worthy observance of the day for a number of years. Various plans were proposed, to the end that something unique and entertaining might be produced. Mr. McReynolds suggested to several of his friends of the city press that the story of King Tartarrax might be adopted, in some way, to produce at least a fine spectacular parade and effect. He could see, in his mind, how great a pageant the Court of Tartarrax and the armored cavaliers of Coronado would make. There would be the glitter, the pomp, the richly-colored uniforms, the panoplied knights, the ^rms and banners of the time; and all this was Nebraska's own tradition, peculiar to herself. It was practically fitting, and, it seemed to him, a "drawing card."

He explained his scheme to R. L. liowe, among others, then with the l^tate Journal, who, in writing about it afterward, found it necessary to reconcile the fact that, while many had fallen in with the Tartarrax plan of celebration, the labor organizations of the city had decided to have a symbolic display of the industries and business of tlie city. He proj^osed that the Tartarrax representation and the trades display be united on the plan of exhibiting Nebraska in the semi-barbaric days of the weird Spanish invasion, under the rule of

This scheme of unification was adopted and substantially carried out. To encourage the people to make the pageant as great a success as possible, he also urged, in the paper, that the Tartarrax and Trades Display be used as the foundation for an annual carnival, similar to that of the Veiled Prophet, in St, Louis, and Mardi Gras, in New Orleans, that the nation might become more familiar with Nebraska and Lincoln, through the interesting combination of the poetic past and the patriotic and realistic present. This possibility was also kept in view in the preparation of the Tartarrax and Industrial Pageant, and it is not improbable that Tartarrax will come to be a great National attraction during the next five or six years, more interesting than the Veiled Prophet or Mardi Gras, because more appropriate to the institutions of our country, and more heroic and poetic.

On the 17th of May Mr. McReynolds appeared before the city Board of Trade, Mhieh convened in the county conrt room, on the third floor of the building on the corner of Eleventh and j\[ streets. He proposed to the board that it give official sanction and enconragement to a grand Fourth of July celebration movement, indicating briefly the nature <^f the proposed exposition. The board hesitated a little, as it was making a vigorous effort to raise §10,000 by snl)scription to advertise the city, and feared that a second call for money might imperil the success of the main subscription. But INIessrs, Thomas LoAvrey, M, Ackerman, and others, pressed the matter and said the board would be asked for no money. The use of its name was all that was solicited. The matter was finally disposed of by the appointment of a committee of five to report to the board, at an early meeting, on the feasibility of attempting a celebration of the kind projected. This committee was composed of Messrs. M. Ackerman, J. J. Butler, C. J, Ernst, A, D. Kitchen, and Robert McReynolds.

A w^eek later. May 24th, this committee reported to the board at the same place, and unanimously agreed "that a grand celebration of the Fourth of July be heartily recommended by the Lincoln Board of Trade." This report was adopted by the board, and a committee of ten was named to represent the board in the preparation of the display, said committee being strictly instructed to incur no financial liabilitv in the name of the board. The committee selected was as

Later in the evening, a committee representing the Central Trades Union of the city, appeared before the board, and announced, through its chairman, INlr. George A. Fox, that the workingmen had decided upon a celebration in the city, and asked the board's cooperation. Mr. E. E. Brown moved that the board committee be instructed to cooperate with all other committees in arranging for a Fourth of July celebration. This was unanimously agreed to. On the evening of June 3d, these committees met on the stage of Funke's Opera House, organized by electing Robert INIcReynolds chairman of the joint committee, appointed subcommittees to take charge of the various features of the celebration, such as finance, decorations, the press, advertising, and so on.

Then the work went on with energy. Such a pageant was an experiment in Lincoln, and it was hard work to devise plans new to all, get the people interested, and come up to the requirements of the advertisements that had to be put out at once. But here the peculiar ability of Robert McReynolds was best displayed. He planned, encouraged, and pushed the scheme with constant energy. He sent out printed matter in the form of edicts and commissions from King Tartarrax, to his faithful subjects, and commissions from Coronado to his faithful cavaliers, commanding them to appear and aid in the pageant. These productions were in illuminated colors, with oriental and cabalistic embellishments, and were wonderfully unique. After much zealous labor, in which Robert McReynolds was the inspiring presence, and M. Ackerman, T. F. Lasch, G. A. Fox, and J. H. Kramer, distinguished themselves for tireless, energetic assistance, the great anniversary day came, bright and salubrious. Early in the day every window, and many house tops, from O and Twenty-seventh streets to Eighth, and for several blocks in all directions from O and Tenth, on the line of the procession, were filled with eager faces. Every foot of sidewalk on the route was occupied, and the side streets were filled with vehicles loaded with persons, full of patriotic interest.

It had been arranged that when the parade was ready to begin, a couple of messengers should ride swiftly and deliver to Lieutenant C. P. Walter, commauder of the State University artillery, on the unii y< versity campus, orders to fire the national salute, which was to be the sio-nal to the great procession to start, and to the people that it was in motion. Harry BartruiF and William McClay, two bold young men, were each mounted on a "runaway " horse, and stood just at the head of the parade, at Twenty-fourth and O streets. The street was clear of street-cars, vehicles, and people, the entire length. The army of spectators were earnestly expectant. The king, Mr. Eichard O'Neill, in fine costume of gold, silk, velvet, brass armor, and crown, gave the signal that all was ready. Marshal W. W. Carder, and the city police, all mounted, dressed into position, ready for the boom of the cannon and command, "Forward." The head of the column was at once on the alert.

Then the two heralds were given the word to "go." Their racers fairly sprang into the air, and were off like the wind. It had been the intention of the riders to make the start on the dead run, then move more slowly from Nineteenth to Fifteenth streets, and then make another swift dash the remainder of the distance. But one horse took the bit in his teeth and made a dead race of it all the way to the postoffice ; in fact made a race of it without regard to his rider. The other horse, of course, kept up as best he could. This spectacle electrified the great concourse of people, and many declared it one of the most picturesque and inspiring sights of the day. The heralds started at ll:56i^ o'clock a.m., and the first boom of the cannon resounded over the city just as the clock in Temple hall began to strike for noon. Tlien the great procession began to slowly move westward on O street ; and it was a pageant whjch probably never was approached in beauty, magnitude, and complexity of display, west of the Missouri river, certainly not in Nebraska or outside of San Francisco, if even there. The column filled the street, in many parts, to its full width, for a continuous distance of over thirty blocks, or two and one-half miles. The horsemen and footmen were in the varicolored costumes of medieval Spain, or of modern Turks, and other nations, and all were decked in more or less gold and silver ornaments. Many wore some sort of brilliant armor, crested helmets, and other striking imitations of antique costumes and heraldry. Bright spears and battle axes, irorgeous banners, plumes, and glittering shields, were numerous. The head of the procession represented the Tartarrax scheme. The main portion of the display was for the arts, trades, resources, and principlesof the modern republic.

After the police, mounted, in uniform, and wearing light colored helmet caps, came Gordon's drum corps, fantastically costumed, led by Marshals L. S. Gillick and A. T. Cameron. Then followed' the king's herald, splendidly mounted, and dressed like a Turkish pasha. The king's buglers, sounding the king's coming, were in Spanish dress. Then followed King Tartarrax, Mr. Richard O'Xeill, mounted on a white horse, costumed in red velvet, w ith rich trimmings. He wore a long gray beard and gray hair, a crown of gold studded with brilliant jewels. Following him were fifty mounted cavaliers in knightly costumes. The king and his guard were Knights of Pythias. Next came the University Cadet Band, musicians to the queen of Tartarrax. The queen, Miss Nellie Graves, robed in purple and scarlet satin, followed, riding in a gorgeously decked chariot, surrounded by her court, all clad in rich and appropriate costumes. Following were two other large display chariots, filled with members of the queen's cotn-t. These were mainly Odd Fellows and Daughters of Kebekah. ]\Ir. A. H. Weir was the queen's minister. Curtice & Thiers's Military Band were musicians to General Coronado. Mr. T. Lowrev followed the queen, costumed like a Spanish officer of three hundred and fifty years ago. Mr. E. W. Hunt, chief of the staiF, rode at the general's left, and his richly armed and warlike staff came next in brilliant array. Then came the Omaha Wheel Club, other ^vheelmen, and the Lincoln Wheelmen, the latter rigged out in show attire of red, white, and blue, and their wheels bright with flags and bunting. A phalanx of colored spearmen, in striking dress of knightly cut, marched ahead of the open barouches conveying Mayor Graham, Ex-Mayor Sawyer, Hon. G. M. Lambertson, and R. H. Oakley, president of the Board of Trade, and other citizens.

Then came the industrial and merchants' parade, making a highly creditable display. After the line of march had been completed, the exercises at the capitol grounds came next in order, where Tartarrax welcomed his visitors, Coronado, and ambassadors from the courts of Mexico and other Southern States, and was presented Avith the keys of the city by his honor the Mayor.

The Tartarrax parade proved to be a wonderful success, and if in future years the idea is reproduced and made more elaborate in its production, the pageant of 1889 will be looked back to as the starting point of one distinguishing feature about Lincoln which will make her name a household word throughout the country.

Chapter Xxv

The great men and women of this nation have generally been pioneers, or the descendants of pioneers. Abraham Lincoln, General U. S. Grant, Andrew Jackson, James A. Garfield, and Benjamin Harrison, are examples of pioneer manhood. It takes a man or woman who has the constancy and courage of heroes to go to a wild and unsubdued region and battle with nature, Indians, poverty, years of hard labor, and deny themselves the luxuries of organized society, for the purpose of earning a home and competence for their declining years. The pioneers are among the heroes of progress and civilization, to whom society will ever be indebted.

Their hardships develop a spirit of fraternity among them, and when the conflicts of the wilderness are over, they take delight iu forming associations to commemorate the deeds done in conquering the wilderness and creating a new State. They recount the history of the past, smile at early hardships, recall situations of terror and distress with grim humor, and sing "Auld Lang Syne" with a zest and brotherly warmth that is the very spirit of eloquence.

The time is now ripe for an Old Settlers' Association in Lincoln and Lancaster county, and such an association is now in existence, probably for a long life, to gratify the pioneers, and to record their history while engaged in the work of erecting this splendid commonwealth on the site of the coyote's den, and making way for the flying palace car in place of the Indian trail of 1860.

An attempt was made to organize a permanent association in 1882, but the time did not seem ripe, and it was a failure. Twenty-five -old settlers then met, on July 4th, and drafted a constitution and .signed it, and elected oflicers.

The officers elected were as follows : President, J. W. Prey ; Vice President, E. T. Hudson; Secretary, Austin Humphrey; Treasurer N. C. Brock. The meeting of July 4th adjourned to meet July 15th, but only four persons were present at that time, and an adjournment was taken to September; but the organization never had another meeting.

But the attempt to organize an association the present year has been very successful, owing very largely to the untiring and enthusiastic efforts of Mr. M. G. Bohanan, who has kept it constantly before the minds of the pioneers, and by personal solicitation has secured nearly fonr hundred names for membership in the association. The meeting for organization took place at the council chamber, at the northwest corner of Q and Tenth streets, on April 23, 1889. Mr. A. J. Sawyer was called to the chair, and Mr. J. P. Hebard was chosen Secretary. A committee was appointed to draft a constitution for the association, the same to be reported at a future meeting. This committee consisted of Messrs. A. VV. Field, Levi Snell, S. C. Elliott, N. S. Harwood, M, Tower, and A. J. Sawyer. A committee for each township in the county was selected, whose duty it would be to augment the membership, and generally promote the interests of the association. It was agreed that eligibility to membership should be based on a residence in the county dating as early as 1875.

The next meeting was held at Bohanan's hall, on the southwest corner of Tenth and N streets, on May 11, 1889. Captain L. W. Billingsley was called to the chair and Mr. J. P. Hebard was continued as secretary. Nearly one hundred of the pioneers were present, and a complete organization was effected.

]Mr. A. J. Sawyer, for the committee appointed to draft a constitution for the association, reported a set of bv-laws and rules for the government of the organization, which were adopted. The basis of membei'ship was made a fifteen years' residence in the county, so that the continuance of the association may be perpetual. It was also arranged that a general rally at Cushman park should take place on June 19, 1889. Various committees were named to prepare the programme for that occasion.

Most of the old settlers present signed the constitution. The committee appointed to nominate permanent officers for the association recommended the following persons for the positions specified :

The picnic was a great success, the day was beautiful, and the old settlers assembled by hundreds from all parts of the county. The number of pioneers present were estimated at 600, and with their children and friends, perhaps had an aggregate attendance of fifteen hundred people.

The exercises began at 11 o'clock with prayer by Rev. H. T. Davis. Then the principal address of the day was delivered by Mr. C. H. Gere. This was made up of historical reminiscences of the principal events in the founding of the city, and settling the county, between the years 1867 to 1871 inclusive. After singing "Auld Lang Syne" Mr. J. V. Wolf, the association poet, read a set of rhymed collections.

Judge S. B. Pound spoke on "Lincoln, Law, and Groceries," referring to the years of 1866 to 1868, when he was engaged in both occupations without great inconvenience to himself, Colonel J. E. JMiiljwtt followed with some remarks on " The Missouri as a Highway to Nebraska in 1867," detailing some river experiences of the very early days, and the importance of the river routes in rcacliing tlic interior of the great west.

After further vocal music, Mr. Stewart McConiga (lctaik>d liow the settlers rushed in for claims at " The United States Land Office Twenty Years Ago," at which he was the Register. Mr. A. J. Sawyer recounted the years of trial during which the grasshoppers scourged this region, the period being from 1874 to 1876. E,ev. H. T. Davis related some entertaining reminiscences of the early churches.

Then followed a "basket dinner" and social among the pioneers. After dinner, the feature which first attracted attention was the exhibition of a Lancaster county pony twenty-six years old. The animal was then and there declared a member of the Old Settlers' Association and was decorated with a badge. The horse was the pfoperty of S. W. McKesson. It was ridden across the sight of Lincoln before the town was laid out, by John C. Fremont. McKesson, who was on hand, explained the circumstance fully. The pony was nimble enough to clamber up into the speakers' stand, a feat which not many horses can be induced to attempt.

Colonel George B. Skinner told about liaving been auctioneer for the lot sales of 1869. He received $1,500 for five days' work, and when he took the money said to T. P. Kennard that he would not give that roll of bills for the whole town and the whole county of Lancaster. But he has radically changed his mind since. Mr. John S. Gregory then told of the early days on the Salt Basin and the village of Lancaster, in a racy and entertaining manner. Mr. Levi Snell recalled some reminiscences of the State lot sales. Elder E. T. Hudson closed the programme with some stories of the very early settlements. Then the old settlers were photographed in a body, and the first Congress of the Old Settlers adjourned. The meeting was just such a wholesome, happy, aftair as affords joy to the heart of a pioneer.

Not all present on this occasion have joined the association, but the record of those who have is a valuable part of the history of this county and citv, and is therefore appended in full.

Here is the Old Settlers' Association, as its roster appeared in Jnly^ 1889, the native State and year of coming to this county being also given :

Histoky Of The City Of Lincoln

As an interesting addendum to the foregoing roster of the okl settlers, Mr. T. H. Hyde, editor and founder of the Lincohi Daily News^ on June 20, 1889, printed a list of the business and professional men of the city who were engaged here prior to 1875, and still so continue. This list is as follows : etc. Wm. Hyatt and Frank Rawlins, same. W. H. Brown, W. J. Turner, J. H. Harley, druggists. W. N. Rehlaender, pharmacist. J. & D. Newman, dry goods. Fred Schmidt, dry goods and general

Thi.s list will be exceedingly small in ten years from this time, but the work of the old settlers will live on in the generations to come, wdien not a man now on the roster shall live to answer at roll call. '

Lincoln As A Business Center Chapter Xxvi

Lincoln as a Business Center - The Gkowth of Hkr Business Interests FROM Small Beginnings - Mention of Some of the Men Who Have Built Up the City.

From the wild prairie hamlet of 1867, possessing less than fifty people, Lincoln has grown to a city of over 50,000 people in jnst twenty-two years. From an insignificant settlement in a wilderness, without trade or developed resources, there has been built up here a property worth not less than .^50,000,000, the State Capitol building, the State Penitentiary, the Asylum for the Insane, the State University, the Wesleyan University, the Christian University, which will open this fall, and city school property valued at $500,000. Out of the prairie sod has grown the educational center of the Xorthwest, the political center of the State, and the most remarkable radial railway center west of the Missouri river, comprising four great systems, twelve diverging lines, reaching 1,000 towns, Avhose trade represents 154,000 square miles of territory.

Here now are operated seventy factories, eighty wholesale houses,, eleven banks.' The city possesses thirty-eight churches, twenty-six schools, thirteen temperance societies, five public libraries, twenty-six newspapers and periodicals, and nearly two hundred moral, social, fraternal, charitable, and similar organizations. The State Fair has been located at Lincoln for five years. The city possesses strong companies for supplying illumination by gas, the arc, and also incandescent electric light. It has eight miles of paved streets, twenty miles of sanitary sewers, ten miles of storm-water sewers, and an ample system of water-works. It possesses five street car companies, one of which has a capital of $1,000,000, and they are now operating thirty-one miles of track. Among its great enterprises are the stock-yards and two large packing-houses, three immense paving-brick works, seven building-brick works, a large woolen mill, a paper mill, a cracker factory, two planing mills and wood-working fiictories, a large tannery, three foundries, and extensive stone-ciitting works. Lincoln is a divi- sion station on every railroad system entering here, and it seems probablethat the great Rock Island railroad system will be added to her railway advantages in the near future.

The city is supplied with the Western Union and Pacific Mutual Telegraph companies, wiio employ forty operators, and have through wires to all cities. Its telephone service includes over 600 local instruments and direct connection with sixty towns in Nebraska and sixtysix in Iowa. Its express service comprises the combined facilities of four great companies, with arrangements to bill direct over 70,000 miles of road without transfer, with a constantly and rapidly increasing business. It also possesses an organized message service under the name of Lincoln District Telegraph Company. This was organized on May 21, 1887, and possesses a very strong support in its board of stockholders, who are : G. W. Holdrege, J. D. Macfarland, C. E. Yates, J. McConniff, C. Thompson, E. E. Brown, John R. Clark, R. H. Oakley, George W. Bonnell, J. J. Dickey, L. H. Korty, and Charles G. Burton. Mr. Burton is Secretary and ISraiinjrer. This company's office is at the southwest corner of O and Tenth streets. It furnishes messengers and hacks at all hours, day and night; delivers trunks, and distributes advertising matter and invitations, and provides night watchmen.

The internal improvements made in the city in 1888 reached the grand aggregate of ^3,287,418, including the erection of ],00() residences at a cost of over a million dollars. The j(jbbing business advanced over twenty-five per cent during the past }car. Over (jOO traveling men now reside here. The growth of the city for 1889 is more solid and extensive than ever before, many costly brick blocks, residences, and other improvements, being in process of construction, including a county court-house to cost $200,000, a new city well and pumping station, and two new houses for fire companies, witli additional costly fire apparatus.

But while the city has grown so rapidly, it has been the result, mainly, of the efforts of those men who from the early days evinced their faith in the city and in its future development by their acts, and who, through months and years of depression, disappointment, and discouragement, never lost their nerve, but kept the future always in view, and spoke words of encouragement to those who were hesitating whether to make Lincoln their home. These men - most of them, at least - have been amply rewarded for their faith, and mention of a few of them will not be out of place in a work dealing with the founding; and orowth of the city.

Hon. Isaac M. Eaymond, senior member of the firm of Raymond Brothers & Co., wholesale grocers, is one of the most able and suc- -cessful business men of Lincoln, and one Avhose work is closely identified wath the city's progress for eighteen years.

His father was the Rev. H. A. Raymond, pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church at Niskayuna, N. Y., and was a graduate of both Yale College and Rutger's Theological Seminary, New Jersey. He <;ontinued as pastor of the church at Niskayuna for sixteen years, where he was very highly esteemed, both personally and as an able minister, declining, in the meantime, frequent calls to city churches at a hio-her salary. Here seven of his nine children were born.

I. M. Raymond Avas born at Niskayuna, Schenectady county, New York, on the 3d of May, 1842. He received a common-school education, and then spent one term in the Jonesville Academy, Saratoga county, New York, and a term at the Chittenango Polytechnic Institute, and at this date closed his seventeenth year. He then taught two terms of country school in Scoharie county, devoting about a year to this employment. He then removed to Waterloo, loAva,. where he worked on a farm for six months, and then obtained a clerkship in the grocery store of his elder brothers, at Waterloo. He worked hard from 18G1 to ISHo in this position, and then went to Waverly, Iowa, and took the management of a grocery store there, owned by his brothers. AVhile in Waverly he held his first political office, being a member of the city council. He managed the store at Waverly until November, 1871, and then removed to I^incoln, Ne- braska, and established the wholesale grocery house of IJayinoiid Bros. & Co., of which he has ever since been the aljlc inanaoei-, and which has been remarkably successfnl.

In 1886 he was elected a member of the House of the Twentieth Session of the Nebraska Legislatuie, and was the author of the Primary Election Law, now in operation, a very important and satisfactory measure, as it is in accordance Avith the verv fundamental principles of republican government, allowing all the peo])le to nominate candidates, instead of a few schemers.

In 1887 it became a very practical question whether the jobbinotrade of Lincoln, or any interior point in Nebraska, could loiKr survive the fatal effects of the discriminations in freights, founded upon the Missouri river, where rates were adjusted at the expense of Nebraska, without regard to the length of haul. This condition of freight charges threatened to put a stop to the commercial groAvth of Lincoln, and to require Nebraska generally to pay a ruinous tribute to the Missouri river railway combination that would continue to sap the prosperity of the State, as it had done for many years.

Mr. Raymond began to agitate the necessity of the people of Lincoln rising and making a most determined resistance to these oppressive discriminations, and finally wrote a strong letter, explaining to the people in clear and forcible terms how dangerous it would be to longer continue to suffer the unfair freight tariffs to retard and even threaten the life of the city's commerce. This letter was published in the daily papers of Lincoln, and led up to the reorganization of what had become a totally dormant Board of Trade, and later to the organization of a Freigiit Bureau in connection with the Board of Trade, designed to study the problem of railway freight charges, and devise such plans as would afford substantial relief.

In this great contest Mr. Baymond was the main inspiration and directing force, and so skillfully, wisely, and courageously, was the cause .pressed that the roads finally decided that it would be wise policy for them to yield, and place Lincoln on the same freight-tariff' footing as the Missouri river towns. This was the first positive fracture made in the great Missouri river pool, one of the most powerful comhinatinns of capital that ever existed on this continent. The value to the public of the equitable economic principles of the concessions secured by the Lincoln Board of Trade, not only for Nebraska but the entire

A\'est, cannot well be over-estimated. And the splendid results followino- that contest may be attributed to I. M. Raymond more than to any other man ; in fact, without his aid it is doul)tful if success would have crowned the contest.

As a result of the great service he had rendered the public, he was nominated for the State Senate in 1888 almost without opposition, and elected by a large majority. He proved a very useful member of the Legislature, his eminent business ability being recognized in his api)ointment to the chairmanship of the Committee on Finance, Ways, and Means, in the Senate, the most important committee in the gift of that body. He introduced and secured the passage of Raymond's Banking Bill, a measure which thoroughly and judiciously placed necessary restrictions upon bankers of the State, in the interest of a higher public credit, and for a better defense of depositors. This was one of the most important and valuable measures enacted by the twenty-first session of the Legislature.

Mr. Raymond is a business man of a high order of ability. He has managed the large wholesale grocery business of Raymond Bros. & Co. with eminent success, and that house is one of the most prosperous in the State. In 1882 Mr. Raymond assisted to organize the Exchange National Bank of Hastings, of which he was made president and still continues to hold that position. During the spring of 1889 he became one of the incorporators of the American Exchange National Bank, of Lincoln, of which he was also made President, and to the affairs of which he gives a considerable share of his personal attention. He is also one of the directors of the Lincoln Stock Yards, and a member of the Lincoln Packing and Provision Company. In fact, he is an enterprising and valuable citizen of the city and State, always ready to contribute to the success of really important and deserving public enterprises.

Among the business men of Lincoln there are none more thoroughly representative of the growth and possibilities of the great West than A. E. Hargrcaves, the head of the extensive wholesale house of Hargreaves Bros. He is a thoroughly representative Lincoln man as well, having begun his business career in Lincoln when the city was in its infancy, and kept pace with its advancement, growing from a poorly-paid clerk to the head of a firm doing a million dollars' worth

Mr. Hargreaves was born in the world's metropolis, London, in 1853. His father, Abraham Hargreaves, was a contractor, and his mother's maiden name was Elizabeth Ilingworth.

As he entered commercial life when only eleven vears old, his education was confined to the instruction received at an early age in the common schools. But his business education was thorough, and when he left England, in 1872, to seek his fortune in the new world, he knew more about the details of business than many men of twice his age. At this time Nebraska was being extensively advertised in England by the Land Commissioners of the B. (S: M. railroad, and with others Mr. Hargreaves sailed from England direct for l>incoln.

The journey was an uneventful one, and on August 12, 1872, Mr. Hargreaves found himself at Pacific Junction. That his business career in Nebraska was begun at the bottom of the ladder is evidenced by his statement that at Pacific Junction he found himself in that condition which is designated in the Western vernacular by the expressive word, ''strapped," and he was compelled to negotiate a loan of five dollars before he was able to continue his journey to Lincoln, Upon his arrival at Lincoln he was greatly discouraged. The town was a mere hamlet; there was little business of any kind, and rcnuuierative employment was an unknown boon. If he had had the means at this time he would have returned to England. Not having the means, however, with which to get away, he made the most of the circumstances, and secured a job at the fair grounds as a sort of general roustabout.

After working in various. capacities on a salary for several years, Mr. Hargreaves decided to go into business for himself, and in 1875 opened up a peanut stand on the south side of O street, between Eleventh and Twelfth streets. He was still anxious to go back to England at that time, but a kind fortune, disguised in the habiliments of poverty, prevented. Careful and industrious, he found his business increasing from year to year. In 1876 he moved into the next bloi'k west, when he added books and stationery to his business.

The fruit and confectionery business was evidently the one for w hicii he had a peculiar adaptation, and the one which furnishal the widest field. This grew so rapidly that in 1879 he decided to go into the wholesale trade, and selling out his book and stationery business to Clason & Fletcher, erected a two-story building at 1028 P street, and established a wholesale fruit and confectionery house. As the development of the country tributary to Lincoln brought the demand, fancy groceries were added to the trade, and the firm rapidly became one of the best known in the State.

The business increased so rapidly that the firm found it imperative upon them to find more commodious quarters and better facilities for doing business. Accordingly in 1886 they bought the large three- story-and-basement building at the corner of Eighth and O streets. The abundant room and ample track facilities here gave opportunity for extending the business indefinitely. A straight line of staple and fancy groceries was put in, and a jobbing business in these goods was built up scarcely second to any in the city. The fruit department was continued under the management of Mr. W. B. Hargreaves, Mr. Plargreaves's younger brother, who was given an interest in the business in 1882. The house is still one of the largest fruitjobbing houses in the State. In 1888 a department for the exclusive handliug of tea and cigars was established, and tlie tea department is undoubtedly the largesit west of Chicago. The business of the lirni in 1889 will amount to $1,000,000.

In 1878, Mr, Hargreaves was married to Miss Jennie Blair, of this city, and now has a family of three children. Always at the front in matters of public enterprise, liberal in the treatment af his employes, prompt, and courteous in all his business relations, it is safe to say that Mr. Hargreaves's present popularity and prosperilv are but the beginning of what his business career will develop in the future.

Joseph J. Imhoif is one of the most prominent and suc'cessful l)u.-iiiess men of Lincoln, a representative of our l)est citizenship, lbwas born in Somerset county, Pennsylvania, on May 8, l.s3o. His father was Mr. Joseph Imhoff, and his mother ^Irs. Catherine llcfUcy- ImhoiF, who were born and spent their lives in that section of the Kevstone State. They were descended from (ierman parentage, an(.l inherited the sturdy, industrious, and upright characteristics of their race. Joseph Imhoif was engaged in managing a hotel in Somerset, Somerset county, Pennsylvania, for thirty-eight years, and also in farming, in both of which pursuits he was successful. His son, Joseph J. Imhoff, was the sixth of eight children, and spent his childhood and youthful years among the hills of his native country, acquiring a common-school education, until the age of fourteen, wheji he began his mercantile experience as a clerk in a store of general merchandise. After devoting three years to this work, he turned his attention to mechanical pursuits, learned the carpenter's trade, and followed it for five years.

Then he decided to go westward, and removed to Urbana, Illinois, where he continued to follow for two years more the vocation of carpenter and builder. He then decided to seek a new and growing country, and located in Omaha, in 1856. Soon afterward he settled in Dakota county, and engaged in the business of cariicnter and builder for a couple of years, building thirty-seven houses diu-ingtliat time. He then took up his residence in Nebraska City, where he engaged again in the mercantile business. AVhile here the movement for the loration of the State Capital at Lincoln was developed, and Mr. Imhoff became one of the original syndicate of fifteen who came from Nebraska City, and stayed the uncertain fortunes of the venture by assisting to bid off the lots at the appraised value, when the first sale was made on the 17th to the 22d of September, 1807. Had it not been for the courage of these men, it is very doubtful whether the capital would have been located at Lincoln. Ex-Governor Reed, now of Utah, was one of the syndicate at the sale, and remarked that "the people must be d - d fools to invest their money in the wild prairie lots ; for himself he would not give !$500 for the whole town site." Mr. Reed relented, however, and invested $750 in three lots before leaving town.

In 1872, Mr. Imhoff removed to Lincoln, and for a year was occupied with handling general merchandise, and in a general trading and real estate business, which was lively at that time. In September, 1873, he bought the "Douglas House," and changed the name to "The Commercial Hotel," which he conducted with great success for thirteen years. He made it the leading hotel in Lincoln, the political head-quarters of Nebraska, and the best-known hostelry in the State. He enlarged it from a small affair, until it acquired its present proportions of 108x150 feet, and three stories high. He then sold it for $80,000.

Mr. Imhoff has been a promoter, organizer, and manager, of many of the most important enterprises of the city, and has been one of its most liberal benefactors. He is always cheerful in contributing largely to any really meritorious project for the public welfare. He has ever been willing to assist in founding and building up enterprises of importance to Lincoln. He was one of the organizers of the Union Savings Bank, and is yet a principal stockholder and director. He was mainly instrumental in the establishment of the Union Stock Yards, was at one time Vice President of the company, and is still a stockholder. He M^as a moving spirit in the organization of the Lincoln Driving Park Association, and was its first President. He finally bought the park, expended $7,500 in improving it, and then sold it for §75,000. He was one of the incorporators of the Lincoln Street Railway Company, the first line in the city, and continued President of the company until its sale to the city corporation. When the Rapid Transit Street Railway Company was organized, Mr. Imhoff also became a leading contributor to its capital, and was made President of the company. He assisted to help form the Lincoln

Electric Light Company, whose capital is $100,000, and has continued its executive officer from the first. These facts will give some idea of the energy and activity of Mr. Imhoif's business life.

Among the benevolent objects for the city's good, in which he has been a principal helper, may be mentioned the erection of the city churches, especially St. Paul Church, of which he is a prominent member, as is Mrs. Imhoflf', the Wesleyan University, and the new Young Men's Christian Association building. His good acts are legion, of which these are among the largest, and best known. It may be doubted whether any man has done more for the commercial, financial, charitable, and social good of Lincoln than Mr. Joseph J. Inihoff.

On November 5, 1862, Mr. J. J. ImhofiP was married to Miss Mary E. Rector, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Sanford S. Rector, of Nebraska City. Mrs. Imhoff was born in Pickaway county, Ohio, and her parents still reside in Nebraska City She is one of the most active and useful workers in the Christian enterprises of the city, and their beautiful home at the southeast corner of J and Twelfth streets is one of the most elegant, and at the same time most hospitable, in the city. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Imhoff are four, namely: Mr. Charles H. Imhotf, Cashier of the Union Savings Bank; Mr. Joseph B. Imhotf, Superintendent of the Lincoln Electric Light Company, and Misses Ono May and Hattie J. Imhoff, residing at home.

Mr. Louie Meyer is one of Lincoln's most energetic, successful, and able business men and financiers. From a small beginning, sixteen years ago, he has worked his way steadily upward, in the face of obstacles and discouragements, until he is now at the head of the extenive wholesale and retail business in general merchandising, which he conducts at numbers 108 and 110 North Tenth street, east of Government S<i[uare, nnder the firm name of L. Meyer & Co. Mr. Meyer is one of the typical men of success in the city, and has kept pace with its growth from village days to its arrival at a city greatness.

Mr. Meyer was born August 12, 1853, near Carlsbad, Austria. Plis father, Dr. David Meyer, was then a physician of prominence in that locality, and since has accpiired celebrity owing to his fifty-five years of practice, and to \\\v. fact of his being the oldest member of his profession residing in the empire of Anstria. His mother, Mary Becker-Meyer, was a lady of refinement and pleasing social dis^position, highly esteemed by the people of her ac(|iiaintance. ]\Ir. Merer is the fifth of the eight children of Dr. and Mrs. Maiy Meyer.

Louie Meyer attended the schools of his native country from tlie age of five years to that of fourteen, and was industrious and ready in acquiring learning. After having received a good, ])iacti(:d education, he entered a store in the town of Carlsbad, and s])ent a year as a clerk, learning the business. Then, feeling that there were greater opportunities in the United States than in his native land, for a young man of courage and energy, he resolved to come tq America. Therefore, he sailed for the shores of his adopted land in the summer of 1870. He landed at New York and proceeded to Des Moines, Iowa, where he spent four or five months with relatives.

Having heard of the fair prospects of Jjincoln, he came to what was then a very youthful and struggling capital, in January, 1871, and engaged with the merchants, Rich & Oppenheimer, as a clerk. He performed his duties faithfully for four years and became a skillful salesman, thoroughly educated in his line of business.

Feeling that he understood the lay of the land, and having some capital, he decided to engage in business on his own account, and therefore opened a grocery store in 1874, when about twenty-one years old,' He pushed his business during the succeeding three years, and his trade was growing steadily and surely ; but the flames devouretl his stock and store in March, 1877.

His characteristic energy and resolution was here manifested in a signal degree. Though seriously crippled in his finances by the misfortune he had just passed through, he did not hesitate a moment, but immediately began to rebuild his business and his fortune, and has never ceased to push his affairs from that date to the present time with all the vim of his young manhood. The rewards of his patience, perseverance, and skill, are now manifest in the extensive and growing business of L. Meyer & Co., and the esteem of his fellow citizens is also fully and unreservedly shown in various ways. He add(Hl dry goods in 1880 and now does an extensive jobbing as well as retail business.

For two years Mr. Meyer served as treasurer of the Board of Trade of Lincoln, a very difficult position to fill successfully, and it is safe to sav that he would have been elected again had he not declined to serve. His management of the affairs of tliis office was able, and his energy in working for the public welfare was not excelled, if equaled, by any other man in the city.

In fact, Mr, Meyer is rcognized as one of the most able financiers and safe business men of this city, and ranks among Lincoln's foremost citizens in any important public enterprise. This is manifested in various ways, one of which is his active connection with the work of the Board of Trade, already referred to. Another was his election to the City Council, in April, 1888, from his ward, the Fifth, Mayor Graham has placed Mr, Meyer at the head of the Finance Committee of the City Council, probably the most difficult place to fill in the city government, owing to the constant requirements for new expenditures and enlarged credits, growing out of the rapid development of this young and expanding metropolis. Mr. Meyer has proven equal to the severe tests of his ability, and his recommendations always receive respectful attention and consideration. Mr. Meyer ^vas married to Miss Anna Gunarson, of this city, a lady of many high qualities of mind and heart, on October 2, 1879. Three children cheer their home, including one son, Max Meyer, and two daughters, Pauline and Leah Meyer. They are among the most bright and excellent young people of the city.

In January, 1887, Hon. H. T. Clarke, who was then and had for years been one of the most prominent and enterprising business men of Omaha, one of the branches of business in whieh he was engaged being wholesale drugs, concluded that Lincoln offered better advantages for the wholesale trade, and consequently changed his place of business in that line to this city.

Foi' the accommodation of this business Mr. Clarke erected, at the corner of Eighth and P streets, a magnificent four-story brick and stone building, 100 by 150 feet, in which a heavy stock of drugs .was placed, and business commenced. The firm of the H, T. Clarke Drug Company is composed of the following gentlemen : Hon. H. T. Clarke, John C. C:larke, W. E. Clarke, W. C. Mills, and Charles J. Daubach, all gentlemen of business experience and ability. Ever since the opening of this house its business has been steadily growing,

Among the early business men should be mentioned Pflug Bros.^ ^lartin and Jacob, who were merchants here in 1868 and for several years later. They were active workers for the good of the city.

No man deserves more credit for good work in building up the moral and social interests of the city than Elder Henry T. Davis, now pastor of Trinity M. E. church, and who has been in the ministry in this county longer than any other man now here. His brother, Mr. A. M. Davis, now conducting a wholesale and retail carpet house at 1112 O street, has for many years aided to push the interests of the city forward. Mrs. A. M. Davis has also been and still is a leader in the cause of charity and humanity.

Messrs. Austin and Oliver N. Humphrey, of the Humphrey Bros. . Hardware Company, have been leading builders up of the city for twenty years. Dr. H. G. Gilbert established a drug and hardware store at 101 North Ninth street late in 1867, under the firm name of Hawley, Gilbert & Co. In the spring of 1869 Humphrey Bros, bought the hardware interest of Mr. Hawley, and in the fall of that year bought out Dr. Gilbert, since which time it has been Humphrey Bros., and the Humphrey Hardware Company, the latter company having been incorporated in 1881, when C. J. Heffley became a member. The elegant four-story l)rick block at 101 and 103 North Ninth street, and their large wholesale and retail implement and hardware ti-ade, attests their success. They are ever ready to aid public enterprises, Mr. Austin Humphrey being a pr6minent officer in the State Agricultural Society and a member of the city Board of Public Works. Mrs. O. N. Humphrey is a prominent worker in the charities an4 social progress of the city.

Bohanan Brothers, M. G. and F. H., have been active builders of the city from pioneer days, having been leading business men since 1868. Tliey have conducted their meat market at 937 O street since that date, and their livery barn at 221 South Tenth street for many years. Their brick block, on the southwest corner of Tenth and N, is one of the largest in the city. It was built in 1887, and forms only a part of their jwssessions.

Lincoln As A Business Cknter

Few men have done more to build the city than J. J. JUith-r, who erected the first brick block in Lincoln, and who has built more blocks than any other man in the place, Avith one or two exceptions. He now owns two brick blocks, and has commenced the erection of a third. He is a prominent member of the Irish National Leajrue, having been president of the Lincoln Branch.

Fred Funke, builder of the Funke Opera House, James J^edwith, proprietor of the Ledwith Block at P and Eleventh, and J. L. Mc- Connell, have contributed to the material prosperity of the city.

W. H. B. Stout is one of the largest building contractors of the State, and has handled very extensive business interests during the past seventeen years. He was elected a member of the State Legislature in 1868, from Blair, took the contract to build the State Penitentiary in 1870, in connection with J. M. Jamison, and removed to Lincoln in 1871. In 1877 he became the lessee of the State Penitentiary for six years. He built the Burlington passenger depot, the county jail, and the present State Capitol, completing the latter on the first of the present year. He has been interested in other hirge building contracts, and is now engaged in making paving brick and laying the same on the streets of Lincoln, Stout c^- liucUstaff having contracts for several districts. Probably no man has done more for Lincoln than W. H. B. Stout.

Gran. Ensign is a pioneer business man, having been in the livery and transfer business here since 1869, and been very successful. His interests have grown from a small shed back of the Atwood House on Ninth street, to the large brick structure at 215 to 221 South Eleventh.

Raymond Bros. & Co., wholesale grocers, established in Lincoln in 1872, and have been among our leading business men ever since. The firm consists of I. M. and A. S. Raymond, and G. H. Clark, They have done more to push Lincoln trade into new territory, and protect Lincoln's interests against railroad discriminations, than any other firm. They are now leading capitalists of the city, and i)rominent in pushing its interests. Their large house at () and Kighlh, does an immense jobbing trade.

In this connection .shonkl be mentioned Pliimmer, Perry & Co., wholesale grocers, at 109-113 North Ninth street. This firm is composed of Eli Plummer, R. A. Perry, and John Fitzgerald, and is very popular and successful. The gentlemen composing this firm arfr among the most liberal and enterprising in Lincoln, always ready tocontribute aid to the success of the city. Mr. Plnmmer is a leadingmember of the Board of Trade.

H. P. Lau & Co., wholesale grocers, in the Clarke Block, on the corner of Eighth and P streets, do a growing -wholesale jobbing trade,, and deserve an honorable place in the list of our large business houses^ Mr. Lau is a leading capitalist of our city.

No jobbing house has been more successful, all things considered, tlian the wholesale grocery of Hargreaves Bros., on the southwest corner of () and Eighth streets. The firm is composed of A. E. and W. B. Hargreaves, and their business was begun in 1874, with a capital of S28. Now they have a large brick block there, and do an extensive business. They are among the most enterprising of our citizens in protecting the welfare of the city.

J. A. Buckstaif, Secretary and Treasurer of the Badger Lumber Company, is one of the foremost business men of Lincoln. He conducts a large lumber trade, is engaged in manufacturing paving brick, and is connected with extensive paving contracts. He is ever liberal and enterprising in aiding to build the city.

L. AV. Billingsley is a pioneer attorney of the city, has built up a. large practice, and is now senior member of the law firm of Billingslev & "Woodward. His elegant brick block at 210 South Eleventh street is one of the fine structures of the city. He has been prominently connected with the business and growth of the city for twenty years, having served in the City Council repeatedly.

C. E. Montgomery, whose business block adjoins the Billingsley block, at the corner of Eleventh and N streets, is one of our most enterprising citizens. Examples of his help in building up Lincoln are seen in his block just referred to, Odell's restaurant next east, and the elegant livery stabk; erected at a cost of $16,000 on M street, south side, between Eleventh and Twelfth.

T. H. Hyde, of the Lincoln Ncrcs Company, is a pioneer in the city, and no one loves to lend encouragement to the city's growth better than he.

Messrs. C H. Gere and H. D. Hathaway, of the Stair JomiKi/, have been closely identified with nearly every inijjortant step in the city's development, almost from its location, and deserve great credit for their work in giving I^incoln one of the best newspapers west of Chicago.

Amasa Cobb assisted to found the First Xational Haidv, and ha;^ always been an useful citizen. He is now a mcnd)cr oi" the State Supreme Court.

John R. Clark, President of the First Xational JJank, ami Secretary of the State Journal Company, is an useful and enterprising citizen, who has extended a helping hand to nearly all important ])iil>lic enterprises for the benefit of the city.

T. M. Marquett has practiced law in Lancaster and Lincoln for twenty-six years, though for the first few years a resident of Plattsmouth. He has always been a man of broad views in matters of public interest, and has worthily earned a leading position in the city as one of its best, wisest, and most usefnl citizens, an able lawyer and orator, and a man of great public experience.

R. H. Oakley, now President of the Board of Trade, has pioven a very strong man in that position, and through his energy, tact, and wisdom, the board is in the best business condition it ever has been in, and its work for the prosperity of the city has been most commendable.

T. W. Lowrey is a very extensive grain dealer, a capitalist, and an enterprising citizen, always ready to help in pushing the city'-^ welfare. He is a prominent member of the Board of Trade.

H. J. Walsh has been identified with the city's business interests from an early day. He built the Academy of Music block, at the southwest corner of O and Eleventh streets, in company with Israel Putnam, in 1873 and 1882. He is prominently connectetl with the Lincoln Gas Company, and has been, almost from its organization, a leading stockholder. He has been a member of the City Council, and has served on the Board of Trustees of the Asylum for the Blind He was one of the trustees of the city of Lincoln when the corporation was organized, in 1869.

tins city, and he bceaiuc one of its earliest attorneys, and until recently was a very popular District .ludj^e. He has ever been a respected and excellent citizen since the foundation of the (.-ity.

J. R. and L. C. Richards are aniouf^- the city's leadiu<i,- capitalists, and their prominence as builders of the city is marked by the defiant block which bears their name at the northeast corner of () and Kieven th streets.

A. D. Kitchen is a prominent contributor to the city's j^rowth, being now engaged in building two or three fine brick blocks on () street, between Ffteenth and Sixteenth. Pie has lent a helping hand in developing Lincoln in many other respects.

']. C McBride has been a courageous and energetic citizen in the city's interests for years, having been liberal with means and ready with other assistance and encouragement. IFe has been postmaster of the city, twice a member of the Legislature, and prominently identified with the work of the Board of Trade. He has a fine; brick block at the northeast corner of P and Twelfth streets,

J Jr. Latta is now completing an elegant block of red sand- stone at 129 South Eleventh. When done it will be one of the finest in the city. It is in room four of this block that this history of Jiincoln was written.

John Zehrung has been an active citizen, his brick block at 121 '> and 1210 O street being an evidence of his substantial work as a builder of the city.

O. P. Mason and (J. (). Whedon are a firm of attorneys about as widely known as any in Nebraska. Judge Mason was on the supreme bench in 1866, and was a distinguished Secretary of the State Jioard of Transportation, jn-evious to the present year, for two years. C. O. Whedon was a member of the House of the State Legislature during the Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth sessions, and has held various public positions in tliecity. Both men have been active and influential citizens throughout much of the city's history.

A genuinely earnest builder of the financial, moral, and intellectual features of the city's prosperity, is C. C. Munson. He is a wc.rker with purse, hand, and heart, for the general good. He is building up a large wholesale lumber and lime trade, is hel|)ing to erect the Christian University, is a director in the (jlcrmati National liaiik. and an active worker in the Board of Trade.

Prominent, earnest, and valuable, workers for the city's development, in the present Board of Trade, are: Joseph Boehmer, C. J. Ernst, Mason Gregg, M. L. Trester, A. H. Weir, C. T. Brown, C. A. Atkinson, and C W. Mosher.

W. R. Kelley, John Doolittle, Hon. E. P. Roggen, A. Hurlbut, H. H. Dean, John Burks, J. H. Harley, and John J. Gillilan, have all shown enterprise and energy, and have done good service as city builders.

J. E. Utt, who, as the very able Secretary of the Board of Trade during 1887-8 was mainly instrumental in securing equitable freight tariffs for Lincoln from Pacific Coast points, rendered the city and State a great and lasting service. He is now interested in the paper mill located in the southwest part of the city.

John ISlorrison, who was the earliest tailor in the city, except Christian F. Dararow, having been here since 1869, is still doing a good business at 121 North Eleventh. He is one of the popular pioneers.

Few men have had more genuine success than H. H. Schaberg, Beginning as a blacksmith, with his industry and persistent attention to business, in a little shop on the southeast corner of Eleventh and P streets, in 1869, he has hammered his way up to the possession of the brick block on that corner, the presidency of the German National Bank, and a place among the large capitalists of the city. His success shows what men can do in Lincoln who work and use their opportunities.

John B. Wright has been a citizen of Lincoln lor fourteen years, having originally come from Rochester, New York, where he was born in 1847. He is one of the largest dealers in grain in this city or State, being interested in forty-two diiferent elevators in Nebraska and Kansas. He makes a specialty of handling flax seed. He has enlarged and ini])rovcd his big elevator at M and Eighth streets this season, preparatory to opening the immense fall business he will have to manage. He has ever been an active citizen of Lincoln. He was elected Mayor of the city both in 1880 and 1881, and was a member of the House of the State Legislature of the Nineteenth session in

1883. He is now a leadino- inonil){>r of the lioanl of Trade, and did good work in placing- the board upon the exceUent working ba.sis on which it now stands.

H. W. Hardy, now editor of the Xcv Jiipuhlir, has been twice Mayor of the city, but is most distinguished as the Lincoln William Lloyd Garrison, fighting in fiivor of temperance, morals, and the improvement of the social welfare of men. He is an uncomi)romising warrior for the principles of purity and progress, and is the best known character in Nebraska in that work, except alone the late John B. Finch.

Elder P. W. Howe, Chaplain of the State penitentiary and City Missionary, is the executive officer of the City Kelief and aid Society, an organization designed to help and protect the weak, neccK , and helpless, especially women and children. He is doing a noble wurk, having followed this line of benevolent service for nine years in Xew York city, and nearly as many in Lincoln.

Albert Watkins, for nearly four years past, has been })ostniaster of Lincoln, and a public-spirited citizen. General \'ictor A^itlpiain, having founded the Daili/ iSfafc Democrat in 1879, Mr. Watkins bought it in 1882 and continued its editor until aj)pointed postmaster, in November, 1885, though Mr. \"ifquain bought an interest in 1884. The paper passed into the hands of J. D. Calhoun in August of 1880, who conducted it successfully for two years.

Palmer Way was probably the first tinner of J-<incoln, and one of the first hardware men. He has been a business man of the city for twenty -two years.

R. C. Outcalt, cashier of the Capital National Bank, is the oldest banker of Lincoln, Nelson C. Brock excepte<l. He first entered the bank of Sweet & Brock, in 1870, and has been continuously connecte<l with the banking business in the city ever since. He is one of the best posted financiers of Lincoln.

Hundreds of other men might be named, whose infiuenee and wealth have, for varying periods of years, been used toward making Lincoln what she is to-day; but enough have been given to show that Lincoln's growth has been, in part at least, the result of the faith in her future held by her citizens. Future years will un<loubtedly show a continuation of the wonderful progress made by the city in the |»ast twenty-two years. Such, at least, are the signs of the times.