Nomination for White Chewing Gum Company Building

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

OMB No. 10024-0018 (Oct. 1990) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions.in Howto Complete the by entering the information requested. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification,materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property 2. Location n/al not for publication n/a D vicinity Ohio - county_Cuyahoga 3.

State/Federal Agency Certification -request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering propertles in the National Register of Ohio Historic Preservation Office -- OH SHPO M entered in the National Register. - See continuation sheet. other, (explain:) RECEIVED Register.

National Register historic name Chicle Building comments.) Registration Form Cleveland removed from the National other names/site number determined not eligible for the NPS Form 10-900 White Chewing Gum Company Building city or town Signature of certifying official/Title National Park Service Certification Date of Action National Register of Historic Places State or meets does not meet the National Register criteria.I recommend that this property be considered significant State of Federal agency and bureau In my opinion, the property meets does not meet the National Register criteria.( See continuation sheet for additional As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this X) nomination Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property Dept.

Head 1 hereby/certify that the property is: code 44102 Date NAT National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking "xin the appropriate box or Cuyahoga Co., OH 5. Classification Ek private XX building(s) - public-local _ structures _ objects _ Total 6. Function or Use INDUSTRY/ factory 7.

Description CcD - 3 2000 RECEIVED public-Federal site VACANT Brick public-State other district walls Historic Functions Narrative Description County and State Materials (Enter categories from instructions) foundation Rubber Membrane No Style Name of related multiple property listing (Check as many boxes as apply) Architectural Classification Name of Property Noncontributing Number of contributing resources previously listed Ownership of Property Category of Property Current Functions White Chewing Gum Company Building in the National Register (Check only one box) (Do not include previously listed resources in the count.) Stone STORIC PLACES 2280 roof Number of Resources within Property the historic and current condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio Section number - The White Chewing Gum Company Building (today known as the Chicle Building) is located at 10307 Detroit Avenue on the west side of Cleveland, Ohio.

The building is on the south side of the street, on an isolated site. The site is triangular and is bounded on the north by Detroit Avenue, on the east by the Conrail railroad tracks, and on the west by the below-grade tracks of the city's airport rapid transit line. No other buildings stand within this triangular parcel of land, nor are there any across Detroit Avenue to the north. The building is located at the brink of the bluff that rises from the shore of Lake Erie some a series of steps to the level of Detroit Avenue at approximately 665 feet a.s.l.; it then rises abruptly again to the top of the bluff at approximately 680 feet elevation. The White Chewing Gum Company Building is set into the bluff, so that the front portion is along Detroit Avenue and is five stories in height, while the rear portion is at the top of the bluff and is four stories in height.

The main block of the building measures 58 by 98 feet. The building was built in 1888 and is of brick bearing wall construction. It has an interior frame constructed of wood, with some wrought iron or steel posts and beams at the first floor. It could not be determined whether these posts and beams are original or are a later alteration. The building has a flat, sloping roof. The exterior is very plain and severe, with almost no ornamentation. The north elevation, along Detroit Avenue (photos 1, 2, and 3), is the primary facade and is five stories high. It is dominated by the large segmental-arched doorway, near the northeast corner of the building, windows have been infilled with masonry materials; to the left is the personnel door which leads to the wood interior stairway. The transoms of the personnel and wagon doors appear to be original, but the doors are later replacements.

The doorway openings have not been altered. On the four upper floors of this facade, the windows are arranged in a pattern typical of the rest of the building: paired rectangular wood windows set into segmental-arched openings. The center bay of the five on this elevation is wider than the two to either side, which creates a 2-1-2 clustering of window openings. The windows contain a variety of sash: fifth floor on the north elevation has several projecting brick courses, which form a shallow cornice, but there is no other ornamental treatment. Page Continuation Sheet National Register of Historic Places through which wagons and trucks could bring in supplies.

To its right, three large arched White Chewing Gum Company Building half-mile to the north.From the lake level at approximately571 feet a.s.1.,the ground rises in 1-over-1,4-over-4,6-over-6,and jalousie-type replacement sash.The parapet wall above the NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 NPS Form 10-900-B Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio On the west elevation (photos 3and 4), the steeply-rising grade of the lake bluff covers about half is four. On the first floor, three pairs of small arched windows have been infilled with and design. Four have been altered: one on the fifth floor near the northwest corner has been infilled, and one each on the third, fourth, and fifth floors have been converted to fire escape plywood. Surviving windows have both 1-over-1 and 6-over-6 sash. At the southwest corner on floor plans, additions, and supplemental structures).

Like the main building, the addition is of brick bearing wall construction with wood interior framing. The addition's north wall has paired windows similar to those on the main building at the third, fourth, and fifth floors; the west wall has two individual windows on each floor; and the south elevation is windowless. Windows are 6-over-6 double-hung sash, with some covered by plywood. The parapet on this elevation of the main building is stepped to accommodate the slope of the flat roof. At the second floor level, a contemporary frame entrance area has been added in the ell formed by The south elevation (photo 5) has shadows and scars from long-demolished additions. These included a coal house, a boiler house, an engine and dynamo house, and a sugar room. These additions dated from the early 1890s and represented an expansion of the chewing gum manu- the extant building.

All the windows on the south elevation have been removed and the On the east elevation (photos 6, 7, and 8), filled rafter pockets and other scars indicate where an office/loading/ storage building was built in 1900, as part of the business's expansion. This survives today in its original 1888 form, with the exception of the dressing room addition on second floor level of the building.

On this elevation, several second-floor windows have been Continuation Sheet National Register of Historic Places openings infilled with either brick or concrete block.Small contemporary windows have been facturing business; however, the entire business and all its processes were originally housed in White Chewing Gum Company Building National Park Service United States Department of the Interior concrete block.The other windows on this elevation are similar to those on the north in size the west elevation. On the east elevation as on the west and south, the ground level is the addition was approximately the same width as the original building.Like the addition on the the main building and the addition. south elevation, this addition was removed at some point in the past. Thus the building placed in nine of the infilled windows.

doors.Two other windows on the third floor south of the fire escape have been covered with half of the building's first-floor wall;thus the north half is five stories in height and the south of the building is the nearly square dressing room addition (photos 4 and5),which was built in OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Section number - addition was one story high and extended the full depth of the main building; the facade of the 1900 and measures 23 by 25 feet (refer to copies of atlas and insurance maps for information Page 2 (8-86) NPS Form 10-900-a Continuation Sheet addition here, which was served by a railroad spur). On the upper floors, the windows follow of the second floor are exposed and are supported by iorn or steel columns and beams, which leaves the space on this floor largely unobstructed. The brick walls on this floor have been been painted white.

support the joists of the third floor, and the wood floor remains exposed. The brick walls have On the third floor (photos 13 and 14), part of the space has been finished in paneled partitions the wood posts and beams remain exposed, but the fourth floor joists have been covered with a fifth floor joists have been covered with a ceiling material. The brick walls have been painted west wall of the original building there is a double window and a doorway which was cut at the time the addition was built. white. The fourth floor (photos 15, 16, and 17) has partitioning similar to that on the third, and the has been infilled, but the rest remain open, as do three small windows near the north end of openings. Sash are double-hung in 1-over-1 and 6-over-6 designs. One upper-floor window The second floor (photo 12) remains largely open and unobstructed.

Wood posts and beams The fifth floor is the most open in character (photos 18, 19, and 20). The space is similar to first floor (photos 9, 10, and 11), the clear height is approximately 15 feet. The wood joists National Register of Historic Places On the interior, the White Chewing Gum Company Building is plain and utilitarian. On the including a circular one advertising Yucatan Gum (photos 7 and 8). and lowered ceilings, of recent date, with carpeting on the floor. In the balance of this floor, National Park Service ceiling material.

In this area, the wood floor remains exposed, and the brick walls have been the facade at the first floor level.Faint painted signs can still be seen on the east elevation, that in other areas of the building, though the wood floor has been covered, in part, with a United States Department of the Interior the pattern found elsewhere in the building: paired rectangular sash in segmental-arched White Chewing Gum Company Building infilled with concrete block, as has one loading door (several loading doors once led into the The dressing room addition (photos 16 and 17) looks the same on all levels: a simple, square room with a wood floor and exposed joists in the ceiling.Walls are painted white, and on the Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio Page Section number OMB Approval No.

1024-0018 (8-86) NPS Form 10-900-B National Park Service Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio electrical, and plumbing projects, but some indicate dates of construction and demolition of By 1892, a triangular building, identified on a c1896 map as a chicle room, had been built southwest of the original building. On the building's south wall, one-story additions for the boiler house, the dynamo and engine rooms, and the sugar room were in place by 1892. map. By this same date, a stable or storage building had been built west of the chicle room. An atlas map from 1898 shows the property in the same condition, with no further addition or By 1910 the property had assumed its maximum size. The chicle building has been removed addition, the office/loading/storage building, covered the formerly open rail spur serving the building.

Also by this time, the dressing room addition appears on the west side of the an oil house to the south, the stable building previously noted, and a 30,000-gallon water tower to the west. Building permits show an addition in 1904, which appears to have been an possibly it was approved but not built or was only a minor modification. The building's form did not change from 1910 into the 1950s, though the water tower was removed at some point. Continuation Sheet National Register of Historic Places east wall. White Chewing Gum Company Building removal of structures. building's evolution. Most permits associated with the building were for various mechanical, section drawing that shows uses on each floor.

United States Department of the Interior additions and ancillary structures.One insurance map from c1910 has both a floor plan and a building(both it and the east side additions dated from 190o).Located near the building were the first floor is in the northeast corner, and a freight elevator is placed in the middle of the flooring material.The roof joists are exposed, as are the posts and beams supporting the roof. A review of building permits and of atlas and insurance maps provides a picture of the enlargement of the engine room on the south elevation;and in1905,when a"new OMAB Approval No. 1024-0018 Section number - Page - Walls have been painted white, but the paint is quite old and deteriorated. A wood stair from and, with completion of the east side addition, all operations were under a single roof.

This Permits show a "building addition" approved in 1937, but nothing further is known about it; Permits show approvals for fire damage repair in 1958 and construction of a small frame shed the oil house on the 1910 map)was approved. show approval to"raze 4&1 story brick factory &office."The reference to four stories is Building permits note addition of a coal shed in 1895,and this appears on the c1896 insurance Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio Section number - unclear, but this appears to be the date when all the east side addition was removed; a c1972 1971. More interior changes were approved in 1983. the south elevation additions that housed the coal shed, boiler house, engine room, and sugar well.

Page Continuation Sheet fit those of free-standing buildings known to have been on the site, so they appear to refer to National Register of Historic Places White Chewing Gum Company Building insurance map confirms this and shows that the stable and oil house were gone by this date as National Park Service United States Department of the Interior addition as the only structures on the site. room.Removal of these elements left the original 1888 building with its 1900 dressing room Permits show another approval interior office alterations in 1969 and for fire damage repair in OMB Approval Mo.

1024-0018 The building assumed its current form in 1984, when permits show approval to "raze storage building, 1 story, 20'X70'," and"raze garage 1 story, 34'x126'." These dimensions do not NPS FOm 10-9000 Areas of Significance * A Property is associated with events that have made L B Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. - C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and 1888, 1921 - D Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information. important in prehistory or history. (Mark "x" in all the boxes that apply.) C B removed from its original location. William J. White - C a birthplace or grave. - D a cemetery. -E a reconstructed building, object, or structure. - F a commemorative property. within the past 50 years. 9.

Major Bibliographical References (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) Previous documentation on file (NPS): n/a - preliminary determination of individual listing (36 Exi State Historic Preservation Office - Other State agency - Federal agency - previously determined eligible by the National - Local government - University L designated a National Historic Landmark - Other U recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey - recorded by Historic American Engineering Bibilography Register INDUSTRY Property is: individual distinction. Criteria Considerations religious purposes. Significant Dates Architect/Builder Cultural Affiliation distinguishable entity whose components lack Applicable National Register Criteria our history.

previously listed in the National Register (Enter categories from instructions) Period of Significance Significant Person Narrative Statement of Significance

Statement of significance

8. Statement of Significance for National Register listing.) Primary location of additional data: A owned by a religious institution or used for a significant contribution to the broad patterns of CFR 67) has been requested of a type,period,or method of construction or Name of repository: G less than 50 years of age or achieved significance Record # (Complete if Criterion Bis marked above) (Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property the significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) White Chewing Gum. Company Building 10.

The rest of the file

Bibliography, boundary description, and the people who prepared and reviewed the nomination.

Geographical Data 11. Form Prepared By Benjamin D. Rickey & Co. _ date - street & number - telephone - state - zip code Chicle Properties, Inc., Betty Kemper, President a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.). instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form.

Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Projects (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503 43206 Zone name Easting Northing Photographs Maps organization UTM References Columbus 5/19/99 name/title Less than one Additional Documentation Continuation Sheets Boundary Justification 593 South Fifth Street Verbal Boundary Description Additional items (614)221-0358 Property Owner See continuation sheet Brook Park Jeffrey Darbee, Historic Preservation Consultant Submit the following items with the completed form: Representative black and white photographs of the property.

Paperwork Reduction Act Statement:This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) Acreage of Property County and State (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet.) (Describe the boundariesof the property ona continuation sheet.) (216)631-3112 (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) Name of Property Cuyahoga Co., OH 15583 Brook Park Road city or town this item at the request of SHPO or FPO.) Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including time for reviewing A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. A Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources.

Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio Section number - under Criteria A and B. Under Criterion A, the building qualifies for listing as a tangible late 19th and early 20th centuries. In this period, Cleveland businesses and industries experienced a creative ferment that had a national impact and played a significant role in industrial center in the United States. In this period, Cleveland grew from 43,000 citizens to processing plants. In addition, Cleveland attracted, or was the birthplace of, talented and for its high level of skills and productivity. best-known industrial firms, as well as some lesser-known ones that were nonetheless national and international impact still felt today, was John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Continuation Sheet nearly a million. Page forces at work in the city.

Industrial Context National Register of Historic Places National Park Service entrepreneurial businessmen and industrialists and had a working-class population recognized shaping American business and industry. The manufacturing activities housed in the Chicle From this"melting pot"of ingredients grew some of the nation's most powerful and business leaders. The nominated property is the only one extant in Cleveland with close United States Department of the Interior Cleveland's role in American business and industrial development often is misunderstood and Building were part of Cleveland's larger industrial picture and were symbolic of the creative water routes on the Great Lakes and the growing network of rail routes between east and west. White Chewing Gum Company Building nationally important for their inventiveness and innovation.

Perhaps best known, and one with reminder of the dynamic period of innovation and invention that characterized Cleveland in the Related to this was its geographic location at a point where raw materials --particularly those of the iron and steel industry --could be transported efficiently and inexpensively tomills and Under Criterion B, the Chicle Building is qualified for listing because of its association with William J. White, the"Chewing Gum King."White built his life and fortune around this The White Chewing Gum Company Building is qualified for listing in the National Register In the period immediately after the Civil War, Cleveland had an ideal location astride the historical ties to William J.White and his innovations in the manufacture of chewing gum.

under-appreciated.In the period from the Civil War to the Depression, the city went through everyday product and was one of the best-known and most colorful of major Cleveland NPS Form 10-800-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 a complex and dynamic evolution from a small lakeside commercial city to the fifth-largest National Park Service Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio Section number - Company of Ohio and his later Standard Oil Trust. Under Rockefeller's hand, Cleveland long was the nation's primary oil-refining center, and his new methods of vertical integration family, particularly Marcus A. Hanna and his brothers. As early as the mid-1860s, the Hannas began mining and processing iron ore from the Lake Superior region, eventually become the world's leading producer of iron ore, and it remains a major producer today.

The development of an integrated organization owning ore properties, lake steamers, coal properties, coke works, blast furnaces, and steel processing plants. The Hannas formed the paint and varnish industry, for example, relied in part on petroleum products for raw materials. Clevelanders Henry Sherwin and Edward Williams in 1870 formed a paint coatings industry, and The Sherwin-Williams Company is still headquartered in downtown Toward the end of the 19th century, Cleveland made major contributions in the new field of became world-famous for his development of the arc light. Demonstration of the arc light on Public Square in 1879 proved the effectiveness of this type of outdoor lighting, and within three years the new light had changed the character of cities all over the world. Model T, Cleveland was a major center of automobile manufacturing.

Indeed, during the first two decades of the 20th century, Cleveland and Detroit were considered of nearly equal up to 1931, including the Peerless, one of the best-known. (The city today remains a major supplier of auto parts.) Page Cleveland. Continuation Sheet paint which supplanted the traditional and laborious mixing ofvehicles and pigments that commercial production of electricity and electrical products.Clevelander Charles Brush National Register of Historic Places United States Department of the Interior Part of Cleveland's industrial success was due to interconnections between industries.The manufacturing company which in 1880 introduced an immediately-successful ready-mixed organizing as the M.A.Hanna Company.Within 30 years the Lake Superior region had White Chewing Gum Company Building painters had to do on-site.In 1875 Francis H.

Glidden established a varnish and enamel National Steel Corporation in 1929,a firm which survives today. shaped the modern oil industry.Not as well known but of similar.importance was the Hanna company. Today both Sherwin-Williams and Glidden remain widely-known names in the importance in the industry.Over 80 makes of automobiles were produced in Cleveland plants Hanna firm played a major role in proving the feasibility of using Lake Superior ores by its NPS Form 10-800-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Though supplanted by Detroit after 1913, when Henry Ford began mass production of his developed an effective dynamo capable of producing large amounts of electricity, and in 1878 OMB Approval No.

1024-0018 Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio Section number - Innovators in the automobile industry included Alexander Winton, Walter Baker, and Thomas Winton concentrated on development of diesel power, and his diesel engines were used in the It was in this context of experimentation and innovation, an environment in which small the 1860s but saw limited acceptance because it could not be readily flavored. retained the flavorings. Whether by accident or on purpose, White chose peppermint as the principal flavor, and almost overnight his chicle-based, peppermint-flavored gum became universally accepted. (Even today, peppermint is the flavor of some 50% of all chewing network. gum.) Page The White Chewing Gum Company Continuation Sheet sugar content and added flavorings to the corn syrup sweetener, the chicle accepted and White Chewing Gum Company Building a candy store.

About 1876 he entered the chewing gum business through purchase of an American-made gasoline-powered automobile.After ceasing auto production in the 1920s, National Register of Historic Places National Park Service United States Department of the Interior In 1885,White began his second chewing gum enterprise.Chewing gum had been developed existing gum manufacturing plant from George Clark.White took in a partner, Charles start-up businesses grew into industrial giants, that William J. White took the chewing gum in the 1830s and first used the resin of the spruce tree and later paraffin as a base. Chicle, the first commercially successful diesel railroad locomotives in the mid-1930s. Within 25 years Heisel, and later sold this first gum business to Heisel.

The business was located at what is from Yucatan which he obtained from a Cleveland grocer.He found that if he increased the White.They were the"Big 3"of the industry in Cleveland.Winton was the pioneer and was coagulated milky juice of a tropical American tree, came into use as a chewing gum base in Around 1886or 1887,White and his wife experimented in their kitchen with a barrel of chicle this new form of power had completely replaced the steam engine on the nation's vast rail the age of six. As a young man, about the mid-1870s, White entered business as proprietor of today 819 Superior Avenue in Cleveland, in a building that is no longer standing. industry to new heights. Born in Ontario in 1850,White came to Cleveland with his parents at NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio Section number .

White introduced an additional innovation around 1886 or 1887: the sale of gum as small flat sticks. Up to this point, gum was sold in foil-wrapped rods about half the length and thickness of a cigarette, or it was cut from a roll at a pharmacy or confectionery. Chewing gum is, of At this time, White established his new gum company at what today would be 1547-63 Columbus Road in Cleveland, in a now-demolished building. Cleveland then had two other gum manufacturers besides White: George Clark, who apparently stayed in the business even demand was so great that White sought a new manufacturing facility, and in 1888 he built the then-separate municipality of West Cleveland, several miles west of downtown Cleveland. The city directory for 1888-89 had an entry for "White, W.J., Manufacturer of Chewing Gum, 'Yucatan' a Specialty, South Side Detroit St., at L.S.&M.S.R.R.

Crossing, W.C., Telephone area that still was largely open land or farms, but it was along what would become Detroit Avenue, a major east-west route to and from downtown Cleveland, and just west of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad, which provided ready rail access to the east coast, In addition to its wide popularity in the United States, White's "Yucatan" gum became According to one source, White's Cleveland operation was "for almost a decade ... the Continuation Sheet Page innovations, White was known for his marketing and promotion efforts and was said to have Chicle Building. National Register of Historic Places White Chewing Gum Company Building National Park Service White had sold his first gum business.

United States Department of the Interior and White was"America's First Chewing Gum King."In addition to his technical but soon he changed the brand name to"Yucatan." "famous throughout the world,"with sales totaling 150 million sticks annually by 1893. The new headquarters and plant of the White Chewing Gum Company was built in the Chicago, and all other major U.S. cities. course, still sold in the form developed by White.He first named his gum"Yellow Band," largest of its kind anywhere." Cleveland was known as the chewing gum capital of the world, delivered a box of gum to every member of Congress.

innovations in the use of chicle.In 1887 alone he sold five million sticks of gum.The White was soon to sprint far ahead of his competitors in the gum business, thanks to his to West Cleveland.).White had chosen a somewhat isolated site in an after White purchased his gum manufacturing plant in 1876; and Charles Heisel, to whom OMB Approvel No. 1024-0018 Section number - About this same time, Cleveland managed to produce another "Chewing Gum King," Edwin E. Beeman. Trained in medicine, Beeman discovered that pepsin, an extract from the stomachs of hogs, gave relief from indigestion. In 1883 Beeman began the manufacture of chewing gum, and Beeman's Pepsin Gum was born. Though his product was considered a medicine and not a confection like White's, Beeman had sales of over $400,000 in 1898. (NR) between 1891and 1899, when it became part of American Chicle Company.

The rapid growth and great success of his gum business made White a wealthy man, his not far from his factory, around 1890 (this house has since been demolished). He stocked the century, White's lifestyle would contribute in large part to his eventual downfall, particularly By the late 1890s, White's firm had taken the name W.J. White & Son, and in 1899 the the American Chicle Company, based in New York City. White took a 40% share of the stock in the new firm, reflecting the market share his company enjoyed at the time in virtually all the gum production in the country at the time. White, however, had made the served as American Chicle's president. At first, American Chicle carried on production at both Beeman's and White's factories, but by 1903 only White's remained in operation. (Beeman's plant was at 78 Bank Street in girl.

Page Continuation Sheet National Register of Historic Places National Park Service in American chewing gum, the others being Wrigley and Beech-Nut. These firms controlled White Chewing Gum Company Building fortune eventually growing to some five million dollars. He dabbled in politics, serving as Beeman's firm was headquartered in the Bradley Building in Cleveland's Warehouse District mayor of West Cleveland and also serving a term in Congress.

Around Cleveland he was whole venture possible through his pioneering work with chicle nearly 15years before.He United States Department of the Interior Cleveland Museum of Art.White also owned a large stock farm and racetrack (both label.In 1890 the bookkeeper of the Beeman Chemical Company suggested adding pepsin to his lavish spending and his reputation as a"womanizer"who had taken up with a Ziegfield home with fine furnishings and art; some of the art ended up in the permanent collection of the known for his opulent lifestyle.He built a52-room mansion,"Thornwood,"on the lakefront demolished),and a fine yacht which he sailed on Lake Erie.In the first decade of the 20th company joined with Beeman Chemical Company and three other chewing gum firms to form pepsin in Cleveland, selling it as a white powder in a blue bottle with a pig's picture on the Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., ohio comparison with the other companies.Formation of American Chicle set up the"Big Three" NPS Form 10-800-a Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio Section number - Cleveland.) Shortly after the formation of American Chicle, White's Detroit Avenue building By 1905, however, White was largely out of the chewing gum business.

Conservative elements in American Chicle's management were said to look with disfavor upon White's lifestyle, and he was forced from the firm. City directories for 1904-05 tell the story: there address, and also an entry for White, W.J. & Son, American Chicle Co., Successor, Chewing under the name of the W.J. White Chicle Company, in Niagara Falls, New York. American Chicle Company, however, bedeviled White with lawsuits over the gum manufacturing sidewalk and died from his injuries a few weeks later at the age of 72.

a new $2 million plant in Long Island City, New York, and in 1921 the firm's Cleveland plant Island on the lakefront are listed, but other important properties such as the Glidden and Winton plants, which still survive in the Berea Road industrial corridor near the Chicle Building, have not been listed; nor have several extant properties associated with the steel, publishing, and aircraft industries, to name only a few. Chicle. Page Continuation Sheet National Register of Historic Places United States Department of the Interior Gum Manufacturers." The man who had made chicle work no longer worked for American chewing gum was no longer made in Cleveland. American Chicle became a part of the White Chewing Gum Company Building process, and he lost the new'firm and his fortune. Returning to Cleveland in 1922,White closed.

Since 1914, the plant had been the only Cleveland gum manufacturer, and after 1921 National Park Service Warner-Lambert Pharmaceutical Company in 1962, and today the echoes of the firm's but industrial properties are not well represented. The Hulett iron ore unloaders at Whiskey White disappeared from the city directories by 1906.He was divorced and re-married late in beginnings in Cleveland survive in the Beeman's and Chiclets gum brand names: 1906 and moved to New York City. By 1910 he had built a new gum manufacturing plant, After White's ouster around 1905,American Chicle continued operation of the Cleveland plant OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Cleveland has many National Register listings, both individual properties and historic districts, was expanded (see Description), and White remained in charge of day-to-day operations.

as the"American Chicle Co.(Cleveland Factory)."In 1919 the company announced plans for was an entry for"American Chicle Co (Formerly W.J.White & Son)"at the Detroit Avenue OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio Section number - Given the depth and breadth of Cleveland's industrial history, its accomplishments in entrepreneurship, innovation, and modern forms of industrial organization, it is unfortunate form and with a high level of integrity, is intended to help reduce the deficit of Cleveland Page Continuation Sheet White Chewing Gum Company Building industrial listings. The Chicle Building is the only surviving structure associated with the National Park Service economic contribution to the nation. National Register of Historic Places National Register.

Nomination of the Chicle Building, which survives largely in its original that this history has not been better recognized and more widely documented through the reminder of Cleveland's business and industrial past and a tangible document of the city's base upon which the entire modern gum industry was built. As such it is an important United States Department of the Interior active business life of William J.White and with his development of chicle-based gum, the NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio Press, March 1, 1975. Insurance map, c1910. No author, no publisher. Kennedy, James H. A History of the City of Cleveland. Cleveland: The Imperial Press, Leffler, Barbara. "Factory Has Wealth of Historical Importance." West Side Sun News, Memorial Record of the County of Cuyahoga and City of Cleveland, Ohio. Chicago: The Lewis Publishing Company, 1894.

O'Malley, Michael. "Wealth Didn't Stick to Chewing-Gum King." Cleveland Plain Dealer, n.d. Rolik, Drew. Chicle Building. Unpublished manuscript, 1999. (This document makes extensive use of city and county atlases, local histories, newspaper items, and The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History.) Sanborn Map Company. Insurance Maps of Cleveland, Ohio. New York City: Sanborn Map Company, c1896, c1910, 1913-1953, c1972. Bibliography 1898. Continuation Sheet National Register of Historic Places White Chewing Gum Company Building National Park Service United States Department of the Interior July 23, 1987. Section number - Page - (8-86) Barensfeld, Tom."A Riches to Rags Story for the Chewing Gum King."Cleveland OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Original Brooklyn Township Lot No.

9, as shown by the recorded plat in Volume 3 of Maps, Page 47 of Cuyahoga County Records, and bounded and described as follows: Beginning on the center line of Detroit Avenue, N.W., 66 feet wide at the Northeasterly corner of land conveyed to the New York Central Railroad Company by deed dated July 2, 1953 and the center line of Detroit Avenue, N.W., about 394.28 feet to the Northwesterly right of way line of the New York Central Railroad, thence Southwesterly along said Northwesterly right of way line, 616.44 feet to the most Southerly corner of said Sub Lot No. 10; thence corner of land conveyed to the New York Central Railroad Company,as first aforesaid, thence Boundary Justification Continuation Sheet Boundary Description Company building during the period of significance. National Register of Historic Places White Chewing Gum Company Building beginning.

be the same more or less, but subject to all legal highways. Northeasterly along a Southeasterly line of land so conveyed 73.88 feet to the place of The nominated property contains all of the land associated with the White Chewing Gum recorded in Volume 7849,Page 47 of Cuyahoga County Records; thence Southeasterly along Northeasterly along the Northwesterly line of said Sub Lot No.10; to the most Southerly United States Department of the Interior Northeasterly along a Southeasterly line of land so conveyed,158.21 feet to an angle;thence part of Sub Lot No.10 in the Jennings Wetmore Schilling and others Subdivision of part of Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., ohio Situated in the City of Cleveland, County of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio;and known as being National Park Service NPS Form 10-900-a Section number - (8-86) Page NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No.

1024-0018 National Park Service Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio Jeffrey T. Darbee Spring, 1999 Benjamin D. Rickey & Co. 593 South Fifth Street Columbus, OH 43206 showing dressing room addition at southwest corner of building. at first floor, shadow of demolished coal house/boiler house/engine room/ Gum. Description Photographer: Page Continuation Sheet Negative Location: Photo Log National Register of Historic Places Looking northeast at south elevation.Dressing room addition is on left; office addition once stood.Circular sign is a faded advertisement for Yucatan portion of building. right was once enclosed in loading building/office addition. White Chewing Gum Company Building sugar room addition is visible. Looking north along east elevation from building's southeast corner.Area to Looking west at east elevation, showing its northern portion. facing onto Detroit Avenue).

Looking southeast at north elevation (on left) and west elevation (on right), Looking east at west elevation; dressing room addition is on right. Looking west at east elevation's southern portion.Note rafter pocketsat Section number_Log Looking southwest at east elevation (on left) and north elevation (on right, second floor level (first floor in this area),indicating where loading building/ The following information is the same for all photographs: (8-86) Date of Photo: United States Department of the Interior Closer view of primary (north) elevation, showing five-story height of this NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 National Park Service Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio First floor, looking northwest toward northwest corner of building. First floor, looking north toward north wall; garage door to Detroit 12 Second floor, looking north toward north wall.

13 Third floor, typical finished space. 14 Third floor, looking southwest toward southwest corner of building. Fourth floor, looking north along west wall toward north wall. Fourth floor, looking east in dressing room addition. 18-20 Fifth floor, panoramic view looking from south end toward north end. Avenue is on right. Continuation Sheet Photo National Register of Historic Places White Chewing Gum Company Building United States Department of the Interior First floor interior, looking west toward west wall. (8-86) Public Square Scale: 5/8" = 2,000 feet Cuyahoga County, OH LAKEFRON UYAHOG BURKE WHISKEY AIRPORT EDGEWATER Company Building CLUB Berea Road Industrial Corridor White Chewing Gum YACHT RIVERSIDE PARK VIEW Childrens Aid Society George F. Cray & Co The City of Cleveland, 1892 1892 North Company Building MADISON White Chewing Gum Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co.

OH HILLSDALE DARTMOUTH AVE Atlas of Cuyahoga Co.& Jenninys Home Chupel Wiite RELL Society WET Lower North c1896 Company Building Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co. OH Sanborn Map Co. White Chewing Gum CEVELAND W.J. WHITE-CHEWING GUM FACTY BUHDERS SUPPL AND Krause Atlas E DWOMEN North Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co. OH HOME INDUSTRIAL 1898 Company Building White Chewing Gum "GLENMERE Of the City of Cleveland CPL Map Ref. AVE HI ME FOR "EDNAWOOD" WKHOWL ON SUB. G1398.c9 K72 1989a WHITES OAK PARK LOWER ENNINGS "THORNWOOD" Socirly -WESTWOOD D c1910 North Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co. OH Sanborn Map Co. Company Building White Chewing Gum : LOADING BLOG DRESSING FM c1910 North Company Building Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co. OH White Chewing Gum DETROIT Insurance Map MAIN BLOG SOUTHERN RY. AVE. Dircct Pumpind Sysim (FIce c1910 Insurance Map Company Building White Chewing Gum ROAD Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co.

OH PEPSIN CEPT 1913-1953 Sanborn Map Co. North Company Building Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co. OH TROIT White Chewing Gum C1972 White Chewing Gum Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co. OH Company Building Sanborn Map Co. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES NAME : DATE OF 16TH DAY: DATE OF 45TH DAY: N PDIL: N PERIOD: PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: COMMENT WAIVER: N ABSTRACT/ SUMMARY COMMENTS: RECOM.

/ CRITERIA TELEPHONE RETURN DATE 2/03/00 REJECT 3/03/00 DISCIPLINE MULTIPLE 3/20/00 REVIEWER EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET National Register Entered in the OTHER:/ VACCEPT DATE RECEIVED: UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR REASONS FOR REVIEW: DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLR Y/N DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: REQUEST: N SAMPLE : N SLR DRAFT: N STATE & COUNTY: OHIO, Cuyahoga NATIONAL: PNOTO I 2000 Inc PNOTO Z CLEVELIND, CUSANOGA CO, OH CLEVELIND, CUYANOGA CO., OH CLEVELANO, CUYANOGA CO., ON PNOTO4 CLEVELANO, CUYANOGA CO., ON CLEVELANO, CUYANOGA CO, ON CLEVELANO, CUYANOGA CO, OH CLEVELANO, CUYANOGA CO, OH CLEVELANO, CUYANOGA CO, ON PNOTO 13 CLEVELAND, CUYANOGA CO., OH PNOTO 15 WHITE CHEMM GUM CO.

BUILOM PHOTO 18 PNOTO 19 CLEVELAND, CUYANOGA CO., OH 7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC LAKEWOOD, OHIO DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY LAKEWOOD QUADRANGLE UNITED STATES CLEVELAND - HOPK COMMERCIAL SURVEY CS OHIO-CUYAHOGA CO. (216) 771-3995 Cleveland Landmarks Commission Robert Keiser, Secretary 601 Lakeside Avenue, Room 519 Cleveland.

Ohio 44114 WHEREAS, the White Chewing Gum Factory at 10307 Detroit Avenue is scheduled for a hearing before the Ohio Historic Sites Preservation Advisory WHEREAS, the White Chewing Gum Factory was designated as a Cleveland Landmark by Cleveland City Council on May 13, 1987; and WHEREAS, the White Chewing Gum Factory was built in 1888, with an addition built in 1900 along the tracks of the Lake Shore, Michigan and Southern Railroad on the west side of Cleveland, and WHEREAS, the White Chewing Gum Factory is historically significant in pioneer in packaging and marketing modern chewing gum, and WHEREAS, the Historic Tax Credit for Rehabilitation is an instrumental part in the financing of the building rehabilitation.

NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED THAT, the Cleveland Landmarks recommends that the Ohio Historic Sites Advisory Board approve the Approved unanimously September 16, 1999 Secretary - Cleveland Landmarks An Equal Opportunity Employ RESOLUTION 216/664-2531 City Planning Places; and National Register nomination of the White Chewing Gum Factory and send Cleveland's history as a diverse industrial center. William J. White was a the nomination to the National Park Service. City of Cleveland Board on September 17,1999 for listing in the National Register of Historic Michael R. White, Mayor