Major Bibliographical References Primary location of additional data: - preliminary determination of individual listing (36 - State Historic Preservation Office CFR 67) has been requested * Other State agency - Federal agency previously determined eligible by the National - Local government X University X Other recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey Albert Van Fossen, M.D.:Zy1pha Garrett - recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # 1911-1950 use Bibilography Register Architect/Builder individual distinction. Criteria Considerations Applicable National Register Criteria our history.
Significant Person Significant Dates designated a National Historic Landmark Criterion C: Architecture Property is: previously listed in the National Register Criterion A: Ethnic Heritage-Black Social History Period of Significance Name of repository: G less than50 years of age orachieved significance significant in our past. (Enter categories from instructions) (Complete if Criterion Bis marked above) Previous documentation on file (NPS): Franklin County, OH Cultural Affiliation (Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) (Explain the significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places St.
Clair Hospital The St. Clair Hospital/Hotel St. Clair, located at 338-344 St. Clair Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, is a four and one half story building set back 50 feet from St. Clair Avenue (Plate 1). This hotel from 1948-1976. Constructed of brick on a stone foundation, a veneer of red, stretcher bond brick, painted wood, and light stone convey its high style Colonial and Georgian Revival design. The majority of these elements are on its façade and south elevation, while the north and east (rear) elevations are embellished with far fewer architectural elements. Except for the front door and a rear window, the building's doors and 8-over-1 and 4-over-1 wood windows have been covered by plywood on the basement through third floors.
A basement level concrete Situated just north of the hospital building, this home was used as a nurses' residence and Due to its initial function as a hospital, the following narrative will refer to the main building as the St. Clair Hospital. The five-bay façade is ornamented and horizontally demarcated with brick, stone, and painted wood, and the windows are aligned vertically from the basement to the fourth floor (Plate 1). Moving from the ground up, the basement has courses of light stone, stretcher and header bricks, and stretcher bond brick. A stone water table and belt course divides the basement and first floor. Painted wood aprons, stone accents, and frames of header bricks distinguish the four first floor windows, two of which include arches with keystones. Two stringcourses of header bricks accent the area between the windows.
Here, the traditional devices of a blind arcade and longer windows stress the importance of the first floor. Nonetheless, an elliptical lower level and replacement concrete stairs lead to the portico, which has a decorative tile floor (Plate 3). Framing the stairs are a pair of short brick piers that were formerly embellished with lampposts, and two, short semicircular walls with concrete repairs. Rusticated brick piers and pilasters with plain stone capitals support the portico's roof. Four columns were between the two rusticated brick piers, three of which remain. According to an archival photograph, large planters were placed between these columns (Figure I). Currently, the three columns and the entablature have been enclosed to retard further decay.
Above the entablature is a metal balustrade that incorporates paneled podiums and a classically inspired Exterior Page railing (Plate 3). (8-86) former hospital building. passage connects the hospital building with the adjacent house at 346 St. Clair Avenue (Plate 2). Descriptive Narrative Continuation Sheet Franklin County, Ohio Section number 7 and subsequently served as a convalescent home for six years.Later, the building was used as a training school, and a hotel annex.A description of this house follows a narrative concerning the building was constructed as a general hospital in 1911.It functioned as a hospital for 29 years, OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Section number . Franklin County, Ohia Descriptive Narrative (cont'd) The portico shelters the asymmetrically placed Colonial/Georgian Revival frontispiece (Plate 4).
Slender, Tuscan pilasters, sidelights, two fluted pilasters topped by Ionic capitals, and a decorative lantern window frame the entrance. Above the door and pilasters is an entablature with a decorative panel in the frieze (Plate 5). A belt course of bricks divides the first and second floor (Plate 1). The second floor has a central door that opens to the portico's roof, header brick stringcourses at the level of the windowsill and lintel, and a square brick medallion beneath each window. Above the central door, and outlined in brick header courses, is a narrow stone tablet bracketed by square stone medallions with painted red crosses, most likely signifying its original use as a hospital. Although the stone tablet is currently incised with "Hotel St.
Clair", presumably this stone read a course of basket weave bricks and square stone medallions between the second and third floor windows (Plate 5). The decorative scheme used on the second floor, such as the brick medallions and basket weave stringcourse, is also used on the third floor. However, two windows on the third floor have larger windowsills supported by small stone brackets. Rectangular stone tablets that are outlined with header bricks and light stone are between the third and fourth floors (Plate 1). Similar to the stone medallions between the second and third floor, the stone tablets reinforce the rhythm of the façade's fenestration pattern. Unlike the second and third floors, the fourth floor does not include square brick medallions and basket weave stringcourses.
However, thick frames of stretcher and header bricks outline the fourth floor windows, which are just below the entablature. Visually, these elements shorten the topped by a classically inspired painted wood entablature and a blank, brick parapet that hides Similar to the façade, the south elevation includes a great deal of architectural two-story wood porch with 6-over-6 windows, a parapet wall with two decorative flush gable end chimneys, and the same type of ornament found on the façade, such as the thick fourth floor window frames and entablature. The porte-cochere shelters a side entrance and the elevator's exterior entrance (Plate 7). The porte-cochere's piers and pilasters, which match the ones used tuberculosis patients (William Van Fossen, personal communication 2000) [Plate 8].
According to a historic photograph, the second story porch had a balustrade similar to the one on top of the Page Continuation Sheet appearance of the fourth floor and decrease the size of the window openings. The facade is on the facade portico, support an entablature and an enclosed porch that was used to treat embellishments (Plate 6). This elevation incorporates a porte-cochere, a facade and south facing National Register of Historic Places the slate roof attic. "St. Clair Hospital"before the building's conversion into a hotel.The second floor also features St. Clair Hospital NPS rorm 10-900-a (8-86) NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Franklin County, Ohia Descriptive Narrative (cont'd) portico (Figure 1). Shortly after construction, a third floor porch was added using similar designs and materials.
Its rear elevation extends approximately five feet past the end of the second floor porch (Plate 9). Although this additional porch obscures the original architectural details on the south elevation, its early construction date and analogous materials and design do not detract from the building's overall design, and signify the hospital's early success. A door was added on the fourth floor to provide access to the roof of the third floor porch (Plate 6). The attic level's gable end parapet includes a bull's eye window with four radiating keystones, and paired, decorative flush gable end chimneys with stone checkerboard medallions and trim. The top of one of the decorative chimneys has lost its stone trim.
The north elevation is three bays across and also has a gable end parapet wall with paired decorative flush gable end chimneys and a bull's eye window, which has been altered to windowsills and lintels, and the water table. The center windows on the second, third, and fourth floors have been replaced with doors to provide access to the fire escape. At the basement level, and 4 feet across, and connects the St. Clair Hospital with the adjacent house. The rear elevation has a wood entablature; stringcourses of stretcher bricks at the height of the cornice, windowsills, lintels, and water table; an exterior chimney that has a rectangular, feature is a wood, two-floor oriel sunroom that is partially supported by a projecting first floor window bay (Plate 9). Although the conversion of the sunrooms' interiors into hotel rooms retains its wood cornice.
conveys its original architectural design. Although the windows on the basement and first three floors have been sealed with plywood, the original windows are underneath. Major exterior alterations consist of the additional enclosed third floor porch over the porte-cochere, which was added shortly after the building was completed, and the removal of four columns and two planters from the portico, and two lanterns from the podiums near the sidewalk. The planters were removed during the building's use as a hotel (Zylpha Garrett, personal communication Page (8-86) Continuation Sheet Section number accommodate a rectangular casement window (Plate 10). This is a historic alteration that may partially obscured the windows, the exterior fenestration patterns have not been altered, and it have provided greater ventilation.A stringcourse of stretcher bricks defines the cornice, St.
Clair Hospital National Register of Historic Places 2000).Despite these changes, the majority of the building's historic fabric remains intact and brick pattern;a basement entrance; and several 4-over-1 windows (Plate 12). The most notable Compared to a historic photograph (Figure 1),the exterior of the St. Clair Hospital still the concrete shell of the connecting passage is visible (Plate 11). It is approximately 2 feet high OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Franklin County, Ohio Descriptive Narrative (cont'd) twentieth century hospital in Columbus, Ohio. In addition, the St. Clair Hospital retains sufficient historic, architectural integrity to adequately convey significant information concerning its role in the early-and mid- twentieth century African American community of Columbus' near east side.
The house annex is a two and one half story American Foursquare constructed of light brick. Two large, hip roof dormers sheathed in imbricated slate punctuate the hip, imbricated- slate roof (Plate 13). The house also features window bays on the north and south elevations (Plates 14 and 15), and a wood frame extension on the east (rear) elevation (Plate 16). The window bay and rear extension are sheathed in wood drop siding. The annexed house includes flush chimneys on the rear and north elevations, and a stone foundation. The house has stone windowsills and lintels on the façade, and stone windowsills and brick segment arch lintels on its other elevations. The porch, which retains its brick podiums, wood piers, and roof, had its floor, railings, and stairs removed (Plate 13). Similar to the main building, its windows and doors have been sealed with plywood.
Based on a physical inspection, most of the original doors and windows are extant. Despite the removal of porch elements, the annexed house retains the majority of its historic fabric, and its original design is easily identifiable. Based on its physical and historical association with the hospital building, and its historic integrity, the house annex at 346 St. Clair Avenue is a contributing structure. The noncontributing building is a modern, metal pole garage situated behind the house features, such as the main staircase, doors, windows, numerous transoms, elevator, and curved corners and moldings that were designed to hinder the collection of dust. The main staircase is in the building's southwest corner and runs between the basement and attic levels. The first floor basement to the attic. Access to the porte-cochere and basement is through a door under the staircase.
Interior modifications in the lobby include front desk mailboxes and an impermanent semicircular wall to shield the entrance into additional bathrooms. A central hall leads from the lobby to large rooms that have been subdivided into hotel rooms with bathrooms. According to Interior (8-86) Page Continuation Sheet National Register of Historic Places The hospital building's interior retains many of its historic architectural and structural the St. Clair Hospital more than adequately conveys the architectural significance of an early- lobby is a square entrance space that has a staircase banister, and an elevator that runs from the St. Clair Hospital annex.This two-bay garage has a shallow gable roof and is clad in corrugated aluminum panels. Section number . OMB Approval No.
1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Franklin County, Ohio Descriptive Narrative (cont'd) historic photographs of the hotel's interior, the front desk was formerly located along the lobby's north wall and had a thin, impermanent wall dividing it from the central hall (Figure 2). The second through fourth floors, which also incorporate a square entrance space and a central hallway, have been altered with additional bathrooms, closets in the semicircular sunrooms on the second and third floors, and the addition of doors on the north wall for the fire consists of an elevator and mechanical room and a large, open unfinished space that has four skylights and an altered bull's eye window on its north wall. Failed rain gutters have caused interior water damage on the west wall of the fourth floor and attic.
The basement also contains several rooms, including a kitchen and storage area under the front porch. The basement's central hallway includes a short concrete passage that connects to the basement of the adjacent house. The house annex, which was heated by the hot water heat system in the main building, contains three rooms on the first floor and four rooms on the second floor. The house's first-floor living room, dining room and kitchen were converted into hotel communication 2000). Despite peeling paint, the accumulation of discarded material and debris, and its conversion into a hotel, the interiors of the hospital building and the house annex have not witnessed major structural or architectural changes that obscure the original layouts.
In this instance, the interiors continue to provide significant information concerning the architectural plan of an early-twentieth century hospital and the history and development of the hospital's The St. Clair Hospital is nominated under National Register criteria C and A. The building, which operated as a general hospital from 1911 to 1940, and a convalescent facility from 1940to 1946, is one of the last extant early-twentieth century hospitals in Columbus, Ohio. It has witnessed few exterior alterations and subsequent modifications have not obscured the nurses' training school is included as a contributing building. Nonetheless, the St. Clair Hospital, National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet nurses' residence and training program.
Moreover, the interiors' historic transformations also Statement of Significance rooms in the mid-twentieth century, and the upstairs has been unaltered (Zylpha Garrett, personal buildings'original interior design. An annexed house that was used as a nurses'residence and escapes. Exposed air conditioning ducts were added to all the rooms and hallways. The attic St. Clair Hospital express the hotel's important role in the history of Columbus' near east side. (8-86) NMS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service St. Clair Hospital Statement of Significance (cont'd) which retains its historic integrity, embodies distinctive characteristics that may provide significant information concerning the architectural history of early-twentieth century hospitals in Columbus, Ohio, and is nominated under Criterion C.
After its conversion to a hotel in 1948, the Hotel St. Clair provided lodgings for African Americans that were barred from area whites- only hotels. In this case, it played a key role in the economic and social history and development of the African American community on Columbus' near east side until it closed in 1976. Thus, the St. Clair Hospital, along with its contributing annex, has also made significant contributions to the history of Columbus' African American community and is nominated under Criterion A. Historical Background and Significance of the St. Clair Hospital (1911-1940) The St. Clair Hospital was founded under the direction of Dr. Frank Lott and other Columbus area doctors. Although some sources indicate that the St. Clair Hospital was built to treat Pennsylvania Railroad employees, it functioned as a general hospital.
The hospital's association with the railroad was due to Dr. Lott's designation as the railroad's official surgeon. The Pennsylvania Railroad, which had completed a line between Columbus and Pittsburgh in 1865, was the largest employer in Columbus by the early twentieth century (Metzger 1992). Dr. Lott, who also had a private practice on the east side, gained the attention of Dr. William Van Fossen. Together, the two men purchased two lots just north of Dr. Lott's home for the hospital, yet Dr. Van Fossen had to complete additional medical training. Meanwhile, Dr. building. However, other area doctors wanted to be included, and the plans were expanded to include four floors, a basement, and an attic (Van Fossen ca. 1970). The St. Clair Hospital was built in Johnson's Addition on lots 64 and 65, and a house was built on lot 63. Architect Jacob S.
Goldsmith designed the hospital building in 1910. Goldsmith was a member of the Columbus Society of Architects and had an office in the Wyandotte Building on Broad Street (Columbus Dispatch [CD], ca. 1905). Completed in January 1911, it was one of many medium-sized, Colonial/Georgian Revival style hospital buildings built in the United States during this period (Figures 3 and 4). This style of hospital was perhaps thought to be better suited for urban residential and commercial neighborhoods, as opposed to the picturesque Tudor Revival/Collegiate Gothic style Page Continuation Sheet Lott organized the St. Clair Hospital Company, and planned to build a three-story hospital spacious grounds (Figure 5).
National Register of Historic Places Franklin County,Ohio Section number Starling Loving Hospital (1924), a large teaching hospital on The Ohio State University's (8-86) NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Section number . Franklin County, Ohio Statement of Significance (cont'd) Several medium-sized hospital buildings were built in the Columbus area during the early-twentieth century. Colonial/Georgian Revival style examples include Children's Hospital (1924)[Figure 6], Lawrence Hospital (ca. 1913)[Figure 7], the Grant Avenue addition to Grant Hospital (ca. 1905)[Figure 8], and the enlargement of the White Cross Hospital (ca. 1920)[Figure design that fit into the fabric of an urban neighborhood.
However, Children's Hospital has been engulfed in additions that obscure the early twentieth century building, and the Grant Hospital addition and Lawrence and White Cross hospitals have been demolished. In addition to the above examples, all medium-sized hospitals from the early twentieth century in Columbus have either been demolished or have lost their architectural integrity. In this case, the St. Clair Hospital is one of the last extant, early twentieth century, medium-sized hospitals in Columbus, The St. Clair Hospital included state-of-the-art early twentieth century medical equipment, such as operating rooms with sterilization facilities, X-ray machines, and a hydrotherapy room.
It also had modern conveniences, such as hot water heat, electric lights, and a room-to-room electric signal system that used light instead of noisy bells (CD, 25 August features that were typical for early-twentieth century hospitals, such as the sunrooms, porches to treat tuberculosis, fireproof construction, and abundant natural light and ventilation. Children's Hospital included sunrooms and, similar to the St. Clair Hospital, a large enclosed porch above the porte-cochere for the provision of fresh air and light (McGarey 1992)[Figure 6]. The incorporation of a sunroom is also seen on the west elevation of the White Cross Hospital However, due to the demolition or alteration of Columbus area hospitals, these architectural features are only extant on the St. Clair Hospital. role it played in the development of early-twentieth century medical facilities in Columbus.
A article also lists the architect, J. S. Goldsmith, and the hospital's amenities, such as sunrooms, waiting rooms, autopsy room, and electric lights (CD, 17 July 1910). (8-86) Page St. Clair Hospital Continuation Sheet demonstrates the original design for the second floor porch above the porte-cochere.The short hospital (CD, 17 July 1910) [Figure 10]. The rendering, which does not show area buildings, (Figure 9), and large open-air porches are noted on the Grant Hospital building (Figure 8). thus providing significant information concerning a distinctive and rare building type. United States Department of the Interior 9].During this time period, these buildings represented a seemingly common building type and Historic sources illustrate the St. Clair Hospital's original appearance and the important 1912).In addition to these attributes, the St.
Clair Hospital also incorporated some architectural newspaper article from 1910 includes the headline,"St. Clair Hospital Building to be Erected on OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Section number . Franklin County, Ohio Statement of Significance (cont'd) News about the upcoming St. Clair Hospital is also seen in an October 1910 article in the Columbus Dispatch. Listed with other construction projects, the article states that the "St. Clair The St. Clair Hospital is shown in a photograph taken shortly after completion (Figure 1). This photo illustrates the striped awnings that shaded the hospital's rooms, large planters on the front porch between the columns, and lanterns that were on podiums near the sidewalk. The awnings, planters, and lanterns are no longer extant.
The photo also illustrates the original design of the second floor porch over the porte-cochere, including its former balustrade. In 1912, the St. Clair Hospital is described and illustrated in the Columbus Dispatch beds, and is "equipped according to the latest ideas of modern medicine and surgery" (CD, 25 August 1912). The article also mentions that a two and one half year nurses' school course is also maintained in connection with the hospital (CD, 25 August 1912). This statement does not photograph, taken over one year after construction, already shows the porte-cochere with its additional third floor porch. A ca. 1922 photograph, which includes the caption, "Emergency Room for Pennsylvania facility (Vertical Files, Columbus Hospitals) [Figure 12]. It illustrates the curved moldings and corners, original wood floors, hospital staff, and early-twentieth century medical equipment. Dr.
within the hospital's plan is not currently known, yet it illustrates the historic appearance and use of the St. Clair Hospital's "modern" facilities. The hospital, which had a full staff of physicians, nurses and specialists, also hosted specialists, interns, and physicians from other parts of Columbus (William Van Fossen, personal delivery room (Metzger 1992). 1910). Page Continuation Sheet Lott, wearing glasses and a dark suit, is seated in the foreground. The location of this room National Register of Historic Places indicate that the nurses' school is physically connected to the hospital.The accompanying communication 200o).In addition,many area children were born in the hospital's maternity Even though it functioned as a treatment center for injured railroad employees, Hospital Association is erecting a $20,000 hospital building for private purposes(CD, October St.
Clair Hospital (Figure 11).According to the article, the St. Clair is a general hospital with a capacity for30 Employees, St. Clair Hospital, Col. O.", depicts the St. Clair Hospital's emergency treatment Columbus' medical community augmented the St. Clair Hospital's function as a general hospital. (8-86) OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Section number - St. Clair Hospital Franklin County, Ohio Statement of Significance (cont'd) Historic insurance maps illustrate the St. Clair Hospital's presence and the development of the surrounding area. A 1910 insurance map, which was too large to duplicate, indicates that lots 63-65 are unbuilt, but several dwellings are filling up nearby lots (Baist 1910). A 1921 insurance map shows both the St. Clair Hospital and the house at 346 St. Clair Avenue (Figure 13). The hospital is labeled "St.
Clair Hospital", and the house is labeled a dwelling, perhaps the house and hospital, yet almost all of the surrounding lots have been filled (Sanborn Map Company 1921). Since the above maps do not show the connecting passage, the house's use as a nurses' training facility may have occurred after 1921. It was purchased after the hospital was built and was used as a nurses' residence. Later, the house also contained a nurses' training school, and a tunnel that connected the house and hospital was constructed to provide easy and dry access between the hospital and training school. In 1940, Van Fossen, who took over Dr. Lott's Historical Background and Significance of the Hotel St. Clair (1946-1976) In 1940, Dr. John B. Alcorn and his wife Jessie Glover Alcorn bought the St. Clair Hospital. The couple operated it as the St.
Clair Convalescent Hospital and Rest Home, and hired Stella Unteed as manager. After the death of Dr. Alcorn in 1944, the building was sold to William J. and Zylpha Garrett, an African American couple who retained Ms. Unteed and from 1946, the St. Clair Convalescent Hospital and Rest Home was instructed to close due to fire code violations (CD, 25 January 1946: B-9.) Around the same time, the Garretts fired Ms. Unteed, who was deemed unfit to provide convalescent care, and decided to turn the St. Clair St. Clair, the Garretts also operated the Railroader's Club, a private club for the Dining Car Employee's Union of the Pennsylvania Railroad (Zylpha Garrett, personal communication 2000). Although local banks would not provide funding for an African American enterprise, Lyman Kilgour, the owner of the B. & T. Metal Company, loaned money for the improvement of the Hotel St.
Clair (Holland 1984). The Garretts hired architect Myron T. Harrison to design the interior modifications. These alterations included the subdivision of the larger hospital rooms into hotel rooms, the inclusion of several bathrooms, and other minor changes. Mr. Garrett Page Continuation Sheet National Register of Historic Places position as hospital supervisor and owner, sold the St. Clair Hospital (William Van Fossen, personal communication 2000). continued the building's function as a convalescent home. According to a newspaper article Convalescent Hospital and Rest Home into the Hotel St. Clair.In addition to owning the Hotel signifying its use as a nurses'residence. The 1921 map does not show the passage that connects (8-86) NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 National Park Service Page . St.
Clair Hospital Franklin County, Ohio Statement of Significance (cont'd) performed most of the construction work and even built the front desk (demolished)[Figure 2]. There were 27 rooms in the main building, seven rooms in the house annex, and only hotel staff floor, and the second floor porch over the porte-cochere was also used for small banquets. and dining rooms and kitchen into bedrooms (Zylpha Garrett, personal communication 2000). After its renovation, the Hotel St. Clair catered to African American travelers that were Columbus' vibrant near east side, a strong African American community that began its development in the late nineteenth century. During the late nineteenth century, many African Americans worked in the Pennsylvania Railroad shops on Columbus's near east side, and, around 1890, rented several houses built south of Mt. Vernon Avenue.
During the turn-of-the-century, Columbus' east side witnessed an influx of African Americans from other parts of the city and several southern states. According to the 1900 U.S. Census, 8,200 African Americans lived in Columbus, 1,350 of which resided on the near east side between Long Street and Mt. Vernon Avenue, thoroughfares just south of the St. was solidified as an African American community (Mark 1928). It was during the early twentieth century that Columbus' near east side developed into a strong and vital African American neighborhood. Between 1918 and 1922, the city's African American population more than doubled, and East Long Street became the center of the African American community. Later, Mt. Vernon emerged as a key commercial and residential area. Nonetheless, during the 1920s, the near east side of Columbus was a "thriving, integrated community"(Lentz 1992: 4).
Although the Great Depression restrained the city's economic prosperity, the area forged an even stronger identity. Also, widespread segregation forced African Americans to spend money and transact business in the near east side, and, by the mid 1930s, the area housed numerous jazz nightclubs, restaurants, theaters, and other businesses African American communities reflected the development of "an urban society which created and developed its own music to fulfill its social and cultural needs" (McDaniel 1992: 7). For Columbus, Ohio, the area around Mt. Vernon Avenue and Long Street was the commercial, Clair Hospital. As a consequence, many angry, neighboring whites sold their homes and the area Alterations that were made to the house annex included the conversion of the first floor living (Lentz 1992).
Continuation Sheet Section number National Register of Historic Places unwelcome at white hotels.Many of these patrons were entertainers and musicians attracted to used the connecting passage between buildings.A small dining room was located on the first During the early twentieth century,jazz's significance in the cultural and artistic lives of United States Department of the Interior (8-86) NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Section number St. Clair Hospital Franklin County, Ohio Statement of Significance (cont'd) residential, cultural, and social center that nurtured the development of jazz. Perhaps due to its location between New York City and Chicago, Columbus was a major hub for jazz music from the 1920s to the early 1960s. Nonetheless, by the 1940s, Mt.
Vernon was simply called the several national acts (McDaniel 1992). Since most hotels remained segregated until the mid-1960s, the Hotel St. Clair catered to African American travelers that were unwelcome at white hotels. It also hosted several prominent jazz musicians such as Lionel Hampton, members of Duke Ellington's and Count Basie's bands, and performer Della Reese (Zylpha Garrett, personal communication 2000). In fact, the Hotel St. Clair was known to have a lounge where jazz performances were held (McDaniel 1992). The patronage of famous African American jazz musicians and performers reinforces the hotel's significance in the history of Columbus' near east side. Insurance maps that were last updated in 1949 and 1962 illustrate the changes that occurred to the St. Clair Hospital building and the neighborhood. According to the map updated segregated hotel practices (Figure 14).
This map also shows the tunnel, labeled "Conc the Hotel St. Clair, other neighborhood amenities are identified with the term "Colored", such as the Emmanuel Tabernacle Baptist Church and the Knights of Pythias Temple (not indicated on Figure 14)[Sanborn Map Company 1921(1949)]. According to the map that was last updated in 1962, which was too large to duplicate, the southeast corner of the Hotel St. Clair includes a tunnel is also shown. These labels were pasted over previous updated labels, one of which identifies the building as the "St. Clair Convalescent Hospital" [Sanborn Map Company The hotel's role in the community, however, transcended its function as lodging for segregated African American travelers and entertainers.
It was a gathering place for children who bought candy from the hotel front desk, and during the late 1950s, it hosted meetings held by a neighborhood improvement association (Zylpha Garrett, personal communication 2000). portions of the near east side and physically divided it from Columbus' downtown, had a Page (8-86) concrete block building, perhaps a garage. Similar to the map updated in 1949, the hotel on the Continuation Sheet According to Mrs. Garrett, the ca.1960 construction of I-71, which demolished large National Register of Historic Places 1962 map is labeled "St. Clair Hotel Colored", the house is labeled "Annex", and the connecting 1921(1962)]. "Avenue", signifying its popularity, importance, and the strong nightclub scene that attracted NFS Form10-900-a OMB Approval No.
1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Franklin County, Ohio after downtown hotels were desegregated, closed in 1976 when Mr. Garrett became ill. Although there were intentions to reopen and turn the basement into a bar, Mr. Garrett died in 1978, and the hotel remained closed (Garrett, personal communication 2000). Currently, the property is owned by a private developer who intends to rehabilitate the Baist's Real Estate Atlas of Surveys of Columbus. G.W. Baist, Philadelphia. Columbus Dispatch (CD)[Columbus, Ohio] St. Clair Hospital Building to be Erected on St. Clair Avenue near Mt. Vernon by Local Physicians. 17 July. Construction Work. Columbus. October St. Clair Rest Home Continues Operation. 25 January: B-9. Report of the Hotel St. Clair. Imogene Holland, Columbus. Lentz, E. 1912 1910 1946 1984 1992 Bibliography Baist, G.W.
Continuation Sheet National Register of Historic Places hotel building and annex into senior citizen housing. pp. 2-5. Arts Foundation of Olde Towne, Columbus. Ca.1905The Columbus Society of Architects:Architecture Reaching Rapidly a Much Higher Plane in Columbus. Columbus. The St. Clair Hospital, Columbus. 25 August. St. Clair Hospital devastating effect upon the area's economy and future. The Hotel St. Clair,which lost business Statement of Significance (cont'd) East by Northwest.In Listen for the Jazz:Keynotes in Columbus History.2nd ed., (8-86) Holland, I. OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Franklin County, Ohio McDaniel, W.T. The Jazz Cradle of Columbus. In Listen for the Jazz: Keynotes in Columbus McGarey, M. Children's Grows Up: A Century of Caring. Children's Hospital, Columbus. Mark, M.L. Contributions in Social Science, No.
2. The Ohio State University Press, Columbus. Reflections of Yesteryear - A Hospital Past. Physician 58 (March-April): 70-71. Insurance Maps of Columbus Ohio. Volume 1, Sanborn Map Company, New Volume 1, Sanborn Map Company, New York. Vertical Files, Columbus Hospitals. Medical Heritage Center, The Ohio State University, 1949 1928 1962 1992 Columbus. York. History. 2nd ed., pp. 2-5. Arts Foundation of Olde Towne, Columbus. Continuation Sheet National Register of Historic Places Sanborn Map Company Bibliography (cont'd) Negroes in Columbus.Ohio State University Studies, Graduate School Series, St. Clair Hospital Van Fossen, W. Metzger, P.S. Section number . Ca. 1970 Memoirs. William Van Fossen, M.D., Columbus. Insurance Maps of Columbus Ohio. Updated. Originally published 1921, 1921 Page (8-86) Clair Hospital 10.
Geographical Data Acreage of Property Less than one acre (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet.) - See continuation sheet (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) 11. Form Prepared By name/title Marc Perrotta, Supervising Architectural Historian _ date September 29, 2000 street & number 4620 Indianola Avenue -telephone_(614)268-2514 city or town - state OH - zip code 43214 Submit the following items with the completed form: (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) (Complete this item at the request of SHPO or FPO.) name Hotel St.
Clair Partnership _ telephone _(614)481-8494 Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.) of this form to the Chief,Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127,Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Easting Zone Northing Columbus Photographs Continuation Sheets Additional Documentation Additional items Boundary Justification UTM References County and State Property Owner Representative black and white photographs of the property.
Name of Property street & number 1207 Grandview Avenue Franklin County, OH Verbal Boundary Description city or town Columbus Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect 44 26 2,85 organization ASC Group, Inc. properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain Maps OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Section number - Franklin County, Ohio The boundary includes the entire parcels for the both the hospital/hotel and the and both maintain their historic integrity.
Page Continuation Sheet Boundary Justification annexed house. These two buildings operated together as a hospital and later as a hotel, Verbal Boundary Description St. Clair Hospital Lots 63,64,and 65,Section 10,Township 5,Range 22. National Register of Historic Places (8-86) NPS Form 10-900-a CM8 Approval No.1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior ST GLAIR HOSPITAL - COLUMBUS D. Figure 1. St. Clair Hospital, ca. 1911 Continuation Sheet (8-86) National Park Service National Register of Historic Places St. Clair Hospital, Franklin County, OH Section number - PHotos Page -5 - NPS Form 10-900-a CMB Approvai No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior Continuation Sheet National Register of Historic Places National Park Service St. Clair Hospital, Franklin County, OH Page (8-86) Section number PHOTOS GMB Approval No.
1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Figure 3. 1913 Continuation Sheet National Register of Historic Places (8-86) NPS Form 10-900-a Nurses' Home, Memorial Hospital, Niagra Falls, NY, - St. Clair Hospital, Franklin County, OH GMB Approvai No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service St. Clair Hospital, Franklin County, OH ca. 1913 Section number photos Continuation Sheet (8-86) National Register of Historic Places NPS Form 10-900-a Page _18 Figure 4. NPS Form 10-900-a CMB Approvai No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior St. Clair Hospital, Franklin County, OH Figure 5. Starling-Loving Hospital, Columbus (1924) (8-86) National Park Service Continuation Sheet National Register of Historic Places Section number bhotos Page - NPS Form 10-900-a United States Department of the Interior St.
Clair Hospital, Franklin County, OH Continuation Sheet (8-86) National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Figure 6.Chi1dren's Hospital, Columbus CMB Approvai No. 1024-0018 Section number _photos Page 20 : NPS Form 10-900-a CMB Approvai No. 1024-0018 National Park Service St. Clair Hospital, Franklin County, OH Continuation Sheet National Register of Historic Places United States Department of the Interior photos Page Section number (8-86) NPS Form 10-900-3 OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Section number - St. Clair Hospital, Franklin County, OH Grant Ave. Entrance, Grant Hospital. Columbus, Ohio. Continuation Sheet National Register of Historic Places (8-86) Figure 8. Grant Hospital, Columbus (ca. 1905) photos Page - Page GMB Approvai No. 1024-0018 St.
Clair Hospital, Franklin County, OH WHITE CROSS HOSPITAL, COLUMBUS, OHIO Continuation Sheet National Park Service National Register of Historic Places United States Department of the Interior NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) NPS Form 10-900-a CMB Approval No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior St. Clair Hospital, Franklin County, OH Figure 10. St. Clair Hospital, architect's rendering, 1910 Continuation Sheet National Park Service (8-86) National Register of Historic Places NPS Form 10-900-a CMB Approvai No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior Section number _photos Page Continuation Sheet National Park Service National Register of Historic Places (8-86) St. Clair Hospital, Franklin County, OH Figure 11. St. Clair Hospital, 1912 CMB Approvai No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service St.
Clair Hospital, Franklin County, OH ST CLAIR HOSPITAL COL. O. Page National Register of Historic Places (8-86) Continuation Sheet NPS Form 10-900-a Section number photos EMERGENCY ROOM FOR PENNSYLVANIA EVFL0YEES Figure 12.St. Clair Hospital emergency room, ca. 1922 NPS Form 10-900-a CMB Approvai No. 1024-0018 Section number _photos Page St. Clair Hospital, Franklin County, OH 1921 BUCKINGHAM (8-86) Continuation Sheet National Park Service MT VERNON National Register of Historic Places United States Department of the Interior Figure 13. St. Clair Hospital shown on Sanborn Map Co. map NPS Form 10-900-a CMB Approvai No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior Figure 14. BUCKINGHAM (8-86) EDWARDS Continuation Sheet National Park Service Hotel St.Clair shown on Sanborn Map Co. map updated 1949 National Register of Historic Places St.
Clair Hospital, Franklin County, OH EST CLAIR N.GARFIELD UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET NAME : DATE OF 16TH DAY: OTHER : N PERIOD: PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: COMMENT WAIVER: N ABSTRACT/ SUMMARY COMMENTS: DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLR Y/N RETURN TELEPHONE 4/06/01 DATE 4/20/01 DISCIPLINE MULTIPLE 3/05/01 REJECT REVIEWER RECOM./CRITERIA PDIL: NATIONAL PARK SERVICE REASONS FOR REVIEW: DATE RECEIVED: DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: APPEAL: N LESS THAN 50 YEARS: REQUEST: N N SLR DRAFT: N 4.12-0LDATE STATE & COUNTY: OHIO, Franklin NATIONAL: SAMPLE: Sept. S, 2000 Plate 1 Plate 2 St. Clair Hospital Franklin County, Otl Sept.5, 2000 Plate 3 Franklin Cantu, OH St. Clair Hospital Sept.S, 2000 +frantispiele St. Clair Hospital Sept. 5,2000 Photo: Mare Perrotta Sept. S, 2000 Plate l St. Clair Hospital Neg. Loc: Hotel St.
Clair Partnership Photo: Mare Perrotta hospital blda. Plate 8 Ploto: Mare Perrotta Sept.5, 2000 St. Clair Hospital Sept. 5, 2000 Nea. Loc.:ttotel St. Clair Partnership blda. St.Clair Hospital Sept. 5,2000 Photo: Mare Perrotta Sept. 5,2000 St. Clair Hospital Photo: Mar Perrotta Sept.S,boo0 Frankhin Canty, OH Neg. Loc: Hotel St. Clair Petneship Neg.Loci totel St. Clair Pertreship Franklin Canty, ott St. Clair Hospital Photo: Mar Perrotta Sept. 5,2000 Ney. Loc: Hotel St. Clair Partnership Sept.5,2006 St. Ulair Hosptal Sept. 5,2000 Neg.Loc.: Hotel St. Clair Partnership SOUTHEAST COLUMBUS QUADRANGLE 7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC) GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SOUTHEAST COLUMBUS, OH UNITED STATES OHIO-FRANKLIN CO.
St Clair Hospital DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 173308481426285 39082-H8-TF-24 Ohio Historic Preservation Office 567 East Hudson Street Columbus, Ohio 43211-1030 614/298-2000 Fax: 614/ 298-2037 Visit us at www.ohiohistory.org/resource/histpres/ SINCE 1885 Ms. Carol Shull, Chief of Registration National Park Service National Register, History & Education Programs Mail Stop 2280, Suite 400 1849 C. Street, NW Washington, D. C. 20240 Enclosed please find four (4) new National Register nominations. All appropriate notification procedures have been followed for this new submission. NEW SUBMISSION Jeffrey Manufacturing Co. Office Building Historic & Architectural Resources of Montpelier, Ohio, 1875-1950 If you have questions or comments about these documents, please contact this office. State Historic Preservation Officer COUNTY Hamilton SOCIETY enclosures Sincerely, Franklin HISTORICAL St.
Clair Hospital February 27, 2001 Dear Ms. Shull: Williams Newport & Cincinnati Bridge Amos J. Loveday, Jr OHIO
Block