Major Bibliographical References (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) Previous documentation on file (NPS): Primary location of additional data: - preliminary determination of individual listing (36 - State Historic Preservation Office CFR 67) has been requested - Other State agenci - previously listed in the National Register _ Federal agency - previously determined eligible by the National x Local government Register - Universit - designated a National Historic Landmark Other - recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey Name of repository: # Sandwich Archives and Historical Center.
_ recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # 8204 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 7/8 Page 4/1 John and Mary Waterman Jarves House Sandwich (Barnstable), MA to Sandwich Harbor and Cape Cod Bay less than one-half mile north of the property. Given the above information and the size of the parcel (3.0 acres), a high potential exists for locating ancient Native American resources on the property. A high potential also exists for locating historic archaeological resources on the Jarves House property. Structural evidence may exist from an outbuilding no longer extant, shown on the 1857 Walling Map of the property.
The potential for occupational related features may be limited to trash features since the original well is reported to be a driven well in the cellar and no privies are known to exist. A barn was never present on the property. Prior to John Jarves purchase of the property in 1857 the area was described as hay meadow. (end) NARRATIVE STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The John & Mary Waterman Jarves House, located at 3 Jarves Street, is historically significant for its association with the world-famous wich glass industry, a key part of the Massachusetts industrial revolution, and for its representative Italianate Villa architecture which reflects the prosperity and stylistic influences that industrialization brought to the town of Sandwich. The house was built for John W.
Jarves (1835-63) who founded the Cape Cod Glass Works and was the son of Deming Jarves (1795-1869) who founded the Boston & Sandwich Company. Both factories were located in Sandwich and were noteworthy for utilizing advanced techniques for bringing mass pro- duction of high quality pressed glass to America's homes.2 The John & Mary Waterman Jarves House is associated with the pattern of events surrounding the rise of the internationally known Sandwich g industry as guided by Deming Jarves and his son John W. Jarves. The extensive published research and documentation on the Sandwich industry, its state and national significance, and on the town of Sandwich, as well as on the owners John W. Jarves and his wife Mary T. Waterman, deepen and enlarge the historical significance of the house.
The house embodies the distinctive characteristics of the Italian Villa style of architecture and its associated landscape. In addition, the house is a superb and rare example of the early work of a once prominent Boston architect, Charles Kirk Kirby. The Sandwich glass factories were torn down at the beginning of the 20"* century, thus the only important extant building in Sandwich that is significantly associated with the rise of the glass industry and its entrepreneurial spirit is the John & Mary Waterman Jarves House. The house has been carefully maintained over the years, is in excellent condition, and demonstrates historic integrity in terms of location, design, landscape & community setting, materials, workmanship, association and overall feeling.
The first stated significant date is 1857 when the house was constructed, and the second stated significant date occurs with John Jarves' death in 1863. This latter date takes on additional significance when it is realized that glass production in Sandwich reached its peak in 1863 prior to the removal of the northeastern glass industry in the 1870s and 1880s to sites in the Midwest more accessible to inexpensive coal.^ During the period 1857-1863 the John & Mary Waterman Jarves House was utilized as John and Mary Jarves' residence and for critical meetings by the directors and managers associated with both factories. The house and the events associated with the glass industry are extensively documented in the published histories of the Sandwich glass industry and of the town of Sandwich.
The house expresses the distinctive features of the Italianate style: 2-3 stories, low-pitched roof with widely overhanging eaves with decorative brackets beneath, tall windows with elaborated crowns, and centered gable. 14 Recently located documentation including the name of the architect; the exact costs, and the (continued) 12 Barlow & Kaiser, Vol. 1, p. 52; Vol. 1, p. xiii. Pronounced: jar-vess. 13 Barlow & Kaiser, Vol. 3, p. 305. In addition, the advent of a national railroad network following the Civil War permitted these new glass factories in the Midwest access to eastern markets previously denied to them. 14 McAlester, pp. 211-229.
United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 2 John and Mary Waterman Jarves House Sandwich (Barnstable), MA particular workmen who contributed to its construction makes it additionally valuable historically. The John & Mary Waterman Jarves House is therefore nominated for National Register listing under Criterion A ("associated with events have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history"), and Criterion C ("embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction"). HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The town of Sandwich was settled in 1637, the first town founded on Cape Cod as part of the expansion of Plymouth Colony.
The population, which was almost entirely agrarian, grew slowly: 260 in 1650, 794 in 1750, and 1467 in 1820.'5 In 1825 that began to change. Boston entrepreneur Deming Jarves, after seven years as manager for a newly created Boston glass manufacturing firm, decided to establish a g factory more fully under his own control. He selected Sandwich "for the proposed canal allowed safe shipping to the New York market, the abundance of wood the fuel for his voracious furnaces, and the proximity to Boston provided convenient business opportunities in both locations."16 He established offices in Boston, raised capital there, and called the firm the Boston & Sandwich Glass Company. The firm grew rapidly and by the end of the 1840s had created in Sandwich one of the largest glass factories in the United States.
Driven by the expansion of economic opportunities created by the success of the Boston & Sandwich Glass Company, the population of Sandwich in 1850 was 2569. In 1852 the factory was producing an extraordinary 5,200,000 items of glassware annually. In Massachusetts, following the Revolution and temporarily shielded by the Embargo Act and protective tariffs, glass began to become the most important material with which to create low-cost products for the masses. Under Deming Jarves' guidance, Sandwich glass, a key item in the Massachusetts industrial revolution, became known for its diversity and inexpensiveness. Deming Jarves himself has been called "The Father of Glass-Works in the United States" and "... the driving force that propelled the mass production of glassware into a worldwide industry."18 Deming Jarves was the first person to successfully press large glass hollow-ware.
Gustav Edmund Pazaurek in his Glasier der Empire - und Biedermeierzeit states, "Probably the first drinking glass made not by blowing in a mold but by pressing with a stamp, was a cylindrical goblet with a 'scaly cut' pattern. This was made in 1827 by Deming Jarves in Sandwich"; Jarves is described as working jointly with the factory mold maker to perfect this innovation.1 In 1852-53, Deming Jarves wrote the first American articles on the history and technology of glass making. 20 The Boston & Sandwich glass factory's products were largely pressed glass for which it held Jarves' personal inventions and patents. These glass products included a remarkable range of items. What pewter was for the 18th century, and plastic was for the 20" century, glass was for the 19"h century - a material capable of being formed into a multitude of useful objects 15 Lovell, p. 515.
The Town of Bourne was split off from Sandwich in 1884. Lovell's population estimates above are for Sandwich proper, that is to say, the geographical area that did not become the Town of Bourne. 16 Sandwich Historical Society (aka Sandwich Glass Museum) grant application to the National Endowment for the Humanities for which the museum was awarded a major NEH grant on February 15, 2000 to interpret for the public the effects of industrialization on a small New England town. 1 Lovell, p. 519; Barlow & Kaiser, Vol. 2, p. 23. 18 Barbour, Sandwich, The Town that Glass Built, p. 219; Barlow & Kaiser, Vol. 1, p. 51. 19 Lee, History of the Boston & Sandwich Glass Company, p. 88. 2° Palmer, Glass in Early America, p. 13.
2' The items produced at Sandwich demonstrate the extraordinary breadth of the Sandwich glass factories' impact on American material culture: TABLEWARE, FOOD & LIQUOR CONTAINERS - dinner plates, tumblers, goblets, spoon holders, creamers, sugar bowls, butter drainers, dessert dishes, serving plates, egg cups, jam pots, melon dishes, sweet preserve cups, condiment casters, specialized covered dishes (for sweetmeats, horseradish, etc.), pitchers, decanters, finger bowls, compotes; LIGHTING DEVICES - whale oil lamps, candle sticks, lamp fillers, lamp shades, Argand lamps, kerosine lamps, lanterns; PERSONAL CARE ITEMS - tooth powder jars, rouge boxes, powder jars, hair grease United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page. 3 John and Mary Waterman Jarves House Sandwich (Barnstable), MA JOHN W.
JARVES & MARY T. WATERMAN John W. Jarves' career, his education, his marriage to Mary T. Waterman, the house that he erected, and even his death were shaped by the emergence of the glass industry in Sandwich. His parents, Deming and Anna (Stutson) Jarves, lived in Boston, though Deming himself frequently visited Sandwich to ensure the smooth operation of the Boston & Sandwich glass factory. When their children were young, the entire family stayed in Sandwich during the summer months near the residence of Captain William Stutson, John's uncle, and within a few hundred feet of the site where John would build his future home. Deming and Anna's oldest son, James Jackson Jarves, was uninterested in following in his father's footsteps as entrepreneur and glass manufacturer." However, his second youngest son, John W.
Jarves, was interested and frequently accompanied his father on tours of the Sandwich factory and the other businesses in which his father had a hand. In March 1852, John enrolled in Harvard's Lawrence Scientific School where he studied chemistry and particularly the chemistry of glass. He completed his studies there in July 1853. Soon after he was appointed head of the Boston & Sandwich Glass Company's laboratory in Sandwich, and in the fall of 1853 he was placed in charge of creating a Gas Works on the factory grounds, a task which later may have had a profound effect on his health.? At about that time or earlier he had fallen in love with Mary Thayer Waterman, daughter of C. C. P. Waterman. Her father was manager of the factory, holder of several patents on glass, and one of Deming's key employees and associates.
Because of her age (she was 16) she was sent by her family to relatives in Hudson, New York, to study for a year at the Hudson Female Academy. There John visited her in March 1854, presenting to her a Sandwich glass chalice, elaborately engraved with a knight whose shield held his initials and on the reverse of the chalice her name, Mary Waterman On March 22, 1854, they became secretly engaged.? A year and a half later, on September 5, 1855, they were married in Sandwich. Their wedding gift from his father was the funds to build a house in Sandwich.26 The original stylistic inspiration almost certainly came from Andrew Jackson Downing, the celebrated popularizer of the Italianate style. John Jarves owned a copy of the 1853 (4th) edition of Downing's Cottage Residences. In addition, John Jarves had visited Downing's home in Newburgh, NY, then owned by the father of a friend of John's.
In his diary John described Downing as "Downing the Horticulturist," an indication of John Jarves' special interest in Downing's recommendations for the planting of home grounds and perhaps his reading of Downing's horticultural essays, also published in 1853.
John Jarves may also have been influenced by the Italianate architecture of Harvard's Lawrence Hall, where he studied in 1852-1853.' ?' According Downing's biographer David Schuyler, Downing had recommended the (continued) cologne bottles, hairpin dishes; HYGIENE & MEDICINAL ITEMS - ointment boxes, soap boxes, chamber pots, prescription bottles, male and female urinals, smelling salt bottles, bosom shells for nursing mothers; HOUSEHOLD, DECORATIVE & MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS - flower vases, window shade handles, door knobs, curtain knobs, ink bottles, paperweights, glass finials, fish globes, darning balls; miniature toys, commemorative & political plates. (Barlow & Kaiser, Volumes 1-5, derived and categorized from miscellaneous pages). 22 Steegmuller, The Two Lives of James Jackson Jarves, pp. ix, x.
James Jackson Jarves became an expatriate, a collector of early Italian art, and author of a history of the Hawaiian Islands and works on art history. 23 Shaw, unpaginated. 24 Barbour, p. 195: photo of chalice; also Barlow & Kaiser, Vol. 1, p. 71: photo of chalice; often called the "Princess Chalice," it is currently on loan to the Sandwich Glass Museum from the "estate of Mary L. Shaw." 25 Shaw, unpaginated: letter from Mary Waterman to her mother. 26 Barbour, p. 196; Shaw, unpaginated. When gutter repairs were made to the kitchen ell about thirty years ago, a large U.S. penny, with a spike through its center, dated 1854, the year of the John Jarves' & Mary Waterman's secret engagement, was found beneath the eaves. 2 Shaw, unpaginated: biographical data; Lawrence Hall was built in 1847.
8409 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page - 4 John and Mary Waterman Jarves House Sandwich (Barnstable), MA Italianate style as "admirably adapted to harmonize with general nature, and produce a picturesque effect in fine landscapes."28 On April 1, 1857, John Jarves obtained the deed to the "1 & 1/4 acre" Sandwich hay meadow that was to become the site of his home? Construction must have begun immediately for by the summer of 1857 it was well under way: "Mr. John W.
Jarves is having erected on Jarves Street an elegant and costly dwelling which, when completed, will not only be one of the handsomest and neatest structures in our village, but from its favorable position, located near the centre of the town, and on our most frequent thoroughfare, an object of pride to the citizens and of interest to the stranger and sojourner. It is built we are pleased to know, by our own mechanics, and will be a beautiful specimen of their handiwork, Messrs. Gustavus Howland, of the firm of Howland, Hatch & Co., and Thomas Freeman, master builders, contractors for the carpentry work, and our neighbors, W.C. & I.K. Chipman who is constructing the door and window frames, brackets, sashes, and blinds.
Good judges pronounce it one of the handsomest, if not the handsomest house in the County, and its cost will probably not be less than $7000.»30 Barnstable Patriot - August 18, 1857 ARCHITECT According to a detailed account in John Jarves' hand (Mr. John W Jarves House a/c To Deming Jarves), the first entry was paid on May 5, 1857 and the last on May 28, 1858, the total cost of the house being $7,183.01. The first entry was payment of $75.00 to C. K. Kirby. Charles Kirk Kirby (1826, Sterling, MA - 1910, Los Angeles, CA) achieved prominence by designing in 1855 the first Boston Public Library, which was located on Boylston Street.32 33 It was the first free municipal public library in the world.
The internationally famous English poet and essayist Matthew Arnold visited Kirby's library in 1883 and upon seeing a barefoot boy reading there remarked, "You would never see such a sight as that in Europe ... what a tribute to democratic institutions."34 Kirby also designed the nation's first affordable housing project, the Lawrence Model Lodging Houses in Boston in 1874-75, listed in 1983 on the National Register of Historic Places. Before his success in Boston he practiced briefly in Maine. Between 1860 and 1876 Kirby is known to have been the architect and oftentimes architect/builder for approximately thirty masonry residences in Boston's Back Bay.35 The John & Mary Waterman House is one of the two earliest extant residences known to have been designed by Charles Kirk Kirby. The second house, the N. B. Reynolds house (also wood framed) in Auburn, ME, c.
1850-51, has unfortunately been altered.36 28 Schuyler, Apostle of Taste, Andrew Jackson Downing, 1815-1852, p. 47. 2 Barlow & Kaiser, Vol. 1, pp. 71 & 76: map of property and c. 1880 photo of house, western view. 30 Barnstable Patriot newspaper, issue of August 18, 1857. 31 Shaw, unpaginated: account record of John Jarves 1857-58. 32 Whitehill, Boston Public Library, A Centennial History, p. 47. 33 Obituary in the Fowler, CA, Fowler Ensign newspaper of April 9, 1910 in possession of the Fine Arts Department, Boston Public Library; Worcester Vital Records, p. 65. Kirby left the East Coast and settled in San Francisco about 1878. His Nob Hill home and many other homes and businesses for which he (and his son of the same name) was architect were destroyed in the great San Francisco fire of 1906. 34 Whitehill, p. 240.
The first Boston Public Library was torn down some time after the second - and still existing - Boston Public Library in Copley Square was constructed. 35 Bunting, Houses of Boston's Back Bay: An Architectural History, 1840-1917, pp. 404-433. 36 Personal communication from architectural historian Earle Shettleworth, Director, Maine Historic Preservation Commission, to Jonathan S. Shaw in 1996; Reynolds house location: 201 Main Street, Auburn, ME. 9.00 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page - 5 John and Mary Waterman Jarves House Sandwich (Barnstable), MA Additional entries in the account book are of interest. The planing mill of Howland, Hatch & Company, together with master carpenter Gustavus Howland, received a total of $2642.60 for their work on the house, and W.C. & I. K.
Chipman, makers of the special Italianate features of brackets, sash, window and door frames, received $562.43 for their work. Both firms were located on property or in buildings Sireca from the Jarves family in the Jarvesville section of Sandwich, although the main lumberyard of Gustavus Howland was on School There is no mention in either account record of the brick used within the exterior first floor walls of the house. It is likely however that it was supplied by the Sandwich brick factory on Town Neck owned by John W. Jarves. In another account book payments were made by John Jarves to Hovey and Company.
This is significant since the firm, which was based in Boston, had a national reputation in horticulture; in addition, the owner, Charles Mason Hovey, was President of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society and an uncle of Mary Waterman It is probable that this firm supplied the gingko which is today located so prominently on the western side of the house. There is no recorded history of the landscape design or the designer although the descendants of Mary Waterman have continued to devote attention to preserving the character of the landscape and to plant in the Loudon-Downing style of a country house arboretum. The John & Mary Waterman Jarves House first appears under the name J. W. Jarves on the 28" x 40" H. E. Walling property map of 1857 of Sandwich, the earliest map of the town which records both building locations and the names of property owners.
On the map appears the first use of the name Jarves Street for what was previously known as Dock Lane or Dock Street and leading directly to the glass factory. According to Sandwich, A Cape Cod Town, it was almost certainly renamed for John W. Jarves to recognize his decision to settle permanently in the During the period 1857-1863 the house was used not only as a residence for John and Mary Jarves but also for meetings associated with glass lactory management. In the summer of 1858 the Directors of the Boston & Sandwich Glass Company met at the John & Mary Waterman Jarves House. 4° In that meeting Deming Jarves was accused by the Directors of diverting orders to a Boston glass factory which he managed and owned.
The surprising outcome was the resignation of Deming Jarves and John Jarves from their positions with the Boston & Sandwich Glass factory and the formation of the firm of John W. Jarves & Company to build and manage a new factory, the Cape Cod Glass Works, also to be located in Sandwich. By April 1859 the new factory was producing glass in quantity under the management of John Jarves. For the 4 of July parade of 1860 the two factories, by now rivals in the expanding glass trade, produced enormous floats, with the B & S factory featuring an elaborate display of its products and the Cape Cod Glass Works featuring a miniature furnace from which were handed out samples to the spectators, with the parade route passing by "the handsome residence of J.W.
Jarves, Esq.," decorated with bunting for the occasion." During the next few years the Cape Cod Glass Works proved to be even more efficient, thanks to Jarves' skills, than the Boston & Sandwich Glass Company, producing 3/4 of the output with fewer than half the employees. (continued) 37 Personal communication from R.A. Lovell, Jr. to Jonathan A. Shaw. 38 Shaw, unpaginated. 39 Lovell, p. 327. In 1854, John Jarves was one of the nine founders - and Clerk, Treasurer and Warden - of the fist Episcopal Society in Sandwich; and, in 1856, he was one of the founders of the Sandwich Savings Bank. In 1860, the first sidewalk in Sandwich was established on Jarves Street, perhaps in recognition of John W. Jarves. 40 Barlow & Kaiser, Vol. 2, p. 32; Vol. 3, p. 94. 41 Barbour, p. 228. 42 Barlow & Kaiser, Vol. 3, p. 96.
8.00 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet 8 6 Section number Page John and Mary Waterman Jarves House Sandwich (Barnstable), MA In the fall of 1860 John W. Jarves began to show the first signs of consumption, now known as tuberculosis. It was an illness that had afflicted many of his relatives. It was perhaps exacerbated by the rapidity with which he had undertaken to create and establish a new Cape Cod glass factory and from the inhalations of coal gas when he was constructing the gas works for the Boston & Sandwich factory. John Jarves died on May 21, 1863. There is no further record that the house was ever used again by the directors and managers of the Sandwich glass industry.
Following the loss of the leadership of John Jarves, the Cape Cod Glass Works was reorganized and incorporated as the Cape Cod Glass In 1869 the Cape Cod Glass Company closed. The causes were the loss of the leadership of John Jarves and Deming Jarves, the post Civil War depression, and the continued rise of glass manufacturing in other states more suited to the industry's economic health. Mary Jarves and her two children lived in the house following the death of her husband in 1863. Tragically, both children soon died, Bertha Jarves in 1864 and Arthur Deming Jarves in 1866. Two years later Mary (Waterman) Jarves on March 30, 1868 married Sandwich's most prominent physician, Dr. Jonathan Leonard, a widower. Dr. Leonard lived in the 18" century Colonial (now 156 Main Street) which he purchased in 1798, located barely a hundred yards from the John & Mary Waterman Jarves House. Dr.
Leonard (1805-1882) was a graduate of Harvard College and the Harvard Medical School. In 1875, when he was in his 70" year and she in her 39t year, their only son was born - named Jonathan Leonard after his father, grandfather and great grandfather. A photograph, taken about 1880, shows the family on the porch of the John & Mary Waterman Jarves House: Mary Waterman Jarves Leonard, Dr. Jonathan Leonard, young Jonathan Leonard (1875-1937), Alice Leonard (1844-1915), an unmarried daughter by Dr. Leonard's first marriage. Soon after his marriage Dr. Leonard moved his practice to the John & Mary Waterman Jarves House, utilizing the secondary side entry as the entranceway for his patients and the sitting room as his office.
Like many 19* century women Mary Waterman Jarves Leonard's strength of character and intelligence was expressed not in a career but in her capacity to persevere, surmounting repeated tragedy and raising her only surviving child, age seven when Dr. Leonard died, to adulthood without a father present. The young man graduated from Harvard College with an A.B. and A.M. in 1896. Upon the death of his mother in 1900 he inherited the John & Mary Waterman Jarves House. He became a teacher and novelist, and in the 1920s when he was tutoring "dropped" Harvard freshmen, several lived in the house under his watchful eye and that of his wife Melanie Elizabeth Norton (1868- 1933), an illustrator of children's books who in 1900 drew the current seal of the town of Sandwich.
As a novelist Jonathan Leonard (1875- 1937) achieved critical national acclaim for his first novel Back to Stay, a chronicle of American country people. Bertrand Russell wrote him: "I want to tell you how much I admired it....Your writing has a remarkable power of commanding attention." He wrote three subsequent novels. Following his death in 1937 the John & Mary Waterman Jarves House then passed to their daughter Mary Melanie Leonard (1905- 1985), who had married in 1933 Colonel Bradford Allen Shaw (1903-1949): They occupied the house until 1945 when his duties took him to military bases around the U.S.
When he died unexpectedly, she became an administrator at Radcliffe College, and upon her death in 1985 the house passed to their son, Jonathan Allen Shaw, the current owner whose career has been as a teacher, occasional writer for horticultural genealogical journals, trustee of the national Center for Plant Conservation, and as a professional manager and executive president of several botanical gardens and their wild land sanctuaries. Over the years the descendants of Mary Waterman have been careful to maintain the John & Mary Waterman Jarves House, living in it when they could and contributing to the broader currents of local, regional and national life. The stated period of significance ends in 1952 with the house continuing to be used as a residence by the descendants of Mary Thayer Waterman Jarves Leonard.
COMPARISON TO OTHER STRUCTURES ASSOCIATED WITH THE GLASS INDUSTRY IN SANDWICH In addition to John and Mary Waterman Jarves' privately owned and constructed residence, there survive today four buildings erected by the Boston & Sandwich Glass Company: three houses on Harbor Street constructed originally as double residences but later converted to single family homes; and the six-apartment block on Church Street built in 1857 but constructed too late to be included on the 1857 Walling map. Atter the Boston & Sandwich glass factory closed in 1888, 33 families were evicted who had been living rent-free in company owned tenements in 15 buildings. Most of these buildings were on Jarves and Factory Streets and all were soon demolished.44 (continued) 43 Barlow & Kaiser, Vol. 1, p. 67, and Vol. 3, pp. 98, 99, 105. * Lovéll, p. 385; personal communication from R. A. Lovell, Jr. to Jonathan A. Shaw.
8204 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page - 7 John and Mary Waterman Jarves House Sandwich (Barnstable), MA COMPARISON TO HOUSES WITH FEATURES IN SANDWICH There are a handful of Italianate Villa houses or near-Italianate houses in Sandwich: 165 Main Street (Isaiah Jones House - SHC & MHC #256), asymmetric "L" plan, constructed c. 1848, now a bed and breakfast, good exterior detail, altered interior, vinyl siding, 4/4 & 6/6 windows; 154 Main Street (SHC & MHC #234), asymmetric "L" plan, constructed possibly 1836, now residence & home occupation (gift shop), lacks bracketing except over entrance door; and 168 Main Street (SHC & MHC #229), asymmetric "L" plan, constructed mid-19th century, residence, shallow dentils instead of faux beams on raking cornices.
These substantial houses share many but not all of the classic features of the Italianate Villa style. Unfortunately, the most significant of these particular houses architecturally, the Isaiah Jones House, has been altered. A scattering of other houses in Sandwich, such as 5 Water Street and 6 Grove Street, incorporate one or two Italianate features. None of the houses above are as expressive of Italianate design as the John & Mary Waterman Jarves House or as "richly ornamented with dentils, modillions, brackets, and pendant drops."45 OTHER FEATURES OF THE HOUSE & LANDSCAPE Prior to construction of the house, the property served as a source of both "English" hay and salt hay. However, no salt hay staddles are known to exist, and no foundations are known for the outbuilding which appears on the edge of the salt marsh on the 1857 Walling map of the property.
Family tradition states that there was no barn on the property since horses were stabled at the adjacent Fessenden Tavern (now the site of the Daniel Webster Inn). The original well is believed to have been a driven well in the cellar and not an exterior dug well. A massive single-arm, hand-operated pump in the cellar supplied water to a 3"d floor tin-lined cistern. Both pump and cistern are still in their original locations. The original carriage drive was surfaced with slag from the Sandwich Glass Factory, and slag can now be found from time to time several inches below the surface of the soil. SUMMARY - JOHN & MARY WATERMAN JARVES HOUSE The John & Mary Waterman Jarves House is associated with the pattern of events surrounding the rise of the internationally known Sandwich glass industry as guided by Deming Jarves and his son John W. Jarves.
The extensive published research and documentation on the Sandwich glass industry, its state and national significance, and on the town of Sandwich, as well as on the owners John W. Jarves and his wife Mary T. Waterman, deepen and enlarge the state historical significance of the house. The house was subsequently occupied in the 1870s and 1880s by Mary T. Waterman and her second husband Dr. Jonathan Leonard as their residence and location for his private medical practice. In the 1920s it was utilized by their son, nationally known novelist Jonathan Leonard. The house embodies the distinctive characteristics of the Italian Villa style of architecture and its associated landscape. In addition, the house is a superb and rare example of the early work of a once prominent Boston architect, Charles Kirk Kirby. The Sandwich glass factories were torn down at the beginning of the 20" century.
The only important extant building in Sandwich that is significantly associated with the rise of the glass industry and its entrepreneurial spirit is the John & Mary Waterman Jarves House. The house has been carefully maintained over the years, is in excellent condition, and demonstrates historic integrity in terms of location, design, landscape & community setting, materials, workmanship, association and overall feeling. Archaeological Significance Since patterns of ancient Native American settlement in Sandwich are poorly understood, any surviving sites could be significant. Ancient sites in this area can help document Native American subsistence and settlement patterns in the Inner Cape area, one of the archaeologically least known regions on the Cape.
The location of the Jarves House adjacent to a marine related ecosystem in close proximity to estuarine and marsh areas indicates shell midden sites may be present in this area. The potential for midden sites in this area may enable seasonal studies of site/resource use as a result of the unique preservation qualities of middens. Artifacts, floral and faunal materials, usually absent from most (continued) 45 Adams & Jenkins, Sandwich Historic Preservation and Community Character Inventory, unpaginated. 9209 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page - 8 John and Mary Waterman Jarves House Sandwich (Barnstable), MA sites because of poor preservation are often found in middens.
Ancient sites in this area may also enable a study of the effects of sea level rise on changing settlement and resource use/availability in the Sandwich Harbor/Mill Creek locale. Ancient settlement in the Harbor and Jarves House area may be associated with coastal formation processes, the formation of the barrier beach and resources that adapted or were eliminated by that change. Historic archaeological resources described above have the potential to contribute information relating to the 19t* settlement and economy of Sandwich. Additional documentary research combined with archaeological survey and testing may locate the site and function of the outbuilding shown on the edge of the salt marsh on the 1857 Walling Map of the property.
The outbuilding may be associated with recreational or maintenance activities related to the Jarves House or with a function, possibly related to maritime activities that predate the house construction. Slag from the glass factory that exists buried on the property and was used to line the original carriage drive, may contribute technological information relating to the glass manufacturing process. Potential refuse areas on the property may also contain evidence of the types of glass products manufactured at the glass factory. (end) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 9 Page - 1 John and Mary Waterman Jarves House Sandwich (Barnstable), MA - MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES Adams, Virginia H. & Jenkins, Candace.
Sandwich Historic Preservation and Community Character Inventory Report: The Public Archaeology Laboratory, Inc., May 1993. Barbour, Harriot [sic] Buxton. Sandwich, The Town that Glass Built. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1948. Barlow, Raymond E., & Kaiser, Joan E. The Glass Industry in Sandwich, Volumes 1-5. Windham, NH: Barlow-Kaiser Publishing Company, Inc. & Atglen, PA Schiffer Publishing Ltd., 1983-1999. Barnstable Patriot. Newspaper issued August 18, 1857. Bunting, Bainbridge. Houses of Boston's Back Bay: An Architectural History, 1840-1917. Cambridge: Belknap/Harvard, 1967. Downing, Andrew Jackson. Cottage Residences. New York: John Wiley, 1853 (4" edition). Lee, Ruth Webb. The History of the Boston & Sandwich Glass Company. Wellesley Hills, Massachusetts: Lee Publications, 1966. Lovell, R.A. Jr. Sandwich, A Cape Cod Town.
Taunton, MA: Town of Sandwich Massachusetts Archives and Historical Center, 1984. McAlester, Virginia & Lee. A Field Guide to American Houses. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995. Palmer, Arlene. Glass in Early America. New York: Winterthur/W.W. Norton, 1993. Sandwich Historical Society (dba Sandwich Glass Museum)." National Endowment for the Humanities Grant Application" (grant awarded February 15, 2000 for interpretive/expansion project relating to glass industry in Sandwich as industrialization in Massachusetts affected and transformed a rural New England village). Schuyler, David. Apostle of Taste, Andrew Jackson Downing, 1815-1852. Baltimore & London: John Hopkins University Press, 1996. Shaw, Jonathan S. Skating on Glass. Unpublished diary of John W. Jarves with annotations by editor. Prepublication draft in the possession of editor and annotator, Jonathan S.
Shaw, Managing Editor, Harvard Magazine, Cambridge, MA. Steegmuller, Francis. The Two Lives of James Jackson Jarves. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1951. Whitehill, Walter Muir. Boston Public Library, A Centennial History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1956. Wilson, Kenneth M. New England Glass and Glass Making. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1972. (end) Jarves House Name of Property Barnstable,MA County, State 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property 3 acres UTM References See continuation sheet. (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet) 1.19 Zone 375620 Easting 4623800 Northing " Zone Easting Northing 3. Zone Easting 4. Zone Easting - See continuation sheet Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) 11.
Form Prepared By name/titleJonathan A. Shaw, owner, with Betsy Friedberg, NR Director organization_Massachusetts Historical Commission . date July 2002 street & number 220 Morrissey Boulevard _ telephone 617-727-8470 city or town Boston stateMA _ zip code. 02125 Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: Continuation Sheets Maps A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. A sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Photographs Representative black and white photographs of the property. Additional items (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) Property Owner (Complete this item at the request of the SHPO or FPO.) name Jonathan A. Shaw (Shaw nominee trust) street &number _ 3 Jarves Street, P.O.
Box 123 _ telephone _ 508-888-0129 Northing Northing city or town Sandwich _ state_MA _ zip code_02563-0123 Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.). Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including the time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.0.
Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Project (1024-0018), lington, DC 20503. United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 10 Page - 1 John and Mary Waterman Jarves House Sandwich (Barnstable), MA GEOGRAPHICAL DATA Verbal Boundary Description The boundaries of the three-acre nominated property are recorded on the Assessors' Map of the Town of Sandwich as the following: map 73, parcel number 23; map 82, parcels number 58 and 58-001. Boundary Justification The John & Mary Waterman Jarves House is located on a 1.15-acre parcel (map 73, parcel 23) deeded to John Jarves on April 1, 1857.
Two additional parcels contiguous to the house contribute to the resource: .33 acre of upland (map 82, parcel 58) and 1.52 acres of upland, wetland, and salt-marsh (map 82, parcel 58-001). The latter parcel was owned by John W. Jarves during the stated period of significance and was similarly deed to him on April 1, 1857 as part of his total holdings of 6.5 acres associated with the house. These three associated parcels contribute directly to the significance of the resource and have preserved the landscaped setting and overall feeling of the resource from intrusive building expansion from adjacent non-residential properties. To ensure the aesthetic and historic integrity of the John & Mary Waterman Jarves House the entire three acres has been included. (end) PHOTOGRAPHS Photographer and date: Jonathan A. Shaw, November 2000 Negatives located at Sandwich Archives 1. 3.. 4.
Western façade and kitchen ell, ancient gingko tree on left. Front, eastern façade Front doorway with Sandwich cut glass lights Detail of teardrop brackets on porch (PSForm 10-900- United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number. Page - Approval No.: 0018 SUPPLEMENTARY LISTING RECORD NRIS Reference Number: 02000903 Date Listed: 8/30/2002 Property Name: Johnand Mary Waterman Jarvis House County: Barnstable State: MA Multiple Name This property is listed in the National Register of Historic Places in accordance with the attached nomination documentation subject to the following exceptions, exclusions, or amendments, notwithstanding the National Park Service certification included in the nomination documentation.
Patuike Andues Signature of the Keeper 9/9/2002 Date of Action Amended Items in Nomination: This building is nominated under National Register Criteria A and C, but only Architecture is selected as an Area of Significance. This SLR makes a technical correction to the form to add Industry to reflect the building's historic importance. DISTRIBUTION: National Register property file Nominating Authority (without nomination attachment) WESTERN FACAdE wett KITOHEN ELL ANGNENT GINGRO ON LEFT JOAN al MARY WATERNAN i 3JARUES ST. SANDWCH MA PHOTOGRAPHER: JOVATA NEGATiVE: SANLDWIOA PHOTOSRAPA #/. 11/2000 FRONT a EASTERN FACALE JokiN and MARy WATERMAN TARUE. 3 JARVES VT. SANDWICH, MA PALTOSRAPHER: TANATARRA.- 11/2000 NRGATIVE: SANDWICAAROA. PHSTOONAPHI2 Of 4 FRONT DOORWAY SANDWIGH CUT G/ASS LIBHTS CLINES iN GIASS ARE REFLECTIONS O FEECTRIC ROWERWiRES) JaHN and MARY WATEAM. 3 JARVES ST.
SANDWICH, MA PHOTOSRAPHER: JONATHAI 11/2000 NEGATiVE: SANDWICH, A PHOTOSRAPA #3 & 4 DETAIL TOHIO al MARY WATERMAN TAR 3 JARUES ST. SANDWICH, MA PHOTOGRAPHER: JONATHC 11/2000 NEGATEUE: SANDWICHARCHI PHOTOSRAPH #4f= RECEIVED 2280 JUL I0:8 2002 The Commonwealth of MassachustetPSAL PARK SERVC AT. REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACE William Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Commonwealth Massachusetts Historical Commission July 12, 2002 Ms. Carol Shull Vational Register of Historic Place Department of the Interio National Park Service Mail Stop 2280, Suite 400 1849 C Street, NW Washington, DC 20240 Dear Ms. Shull: Enclosed please find the following nomination form: John & Mary Waterman Jarves House, 3 Jarves Street, Sandwich (Barnstable), MA The nomination has been voted eligible by the State Review Board and has been signed by the State Historic Preservation Officer.
The owners of the property were notified of pending State Review Board consideration 30 to 45 days before the meeting and were afforded the opportunity to comment. Sincerely, BeteyFredleig Betsy Friedberg National Register Director Massachusetts Historical Commission enclosure Cc: Shaw Nominee Trust Palmer True, Sandwich Historical Commission Sarah Korjeff, Cape Cod Commission Jan L. Teehan, Board of Selectmen JoAnne M. Buntich, Planning Director 220 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125 (617) 727-8470 - Fax: (617) 727-5128 www.state.ma.us/sec/mhc
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