====================================: ======: Applicable National Register Criteria (Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National Register listing) B Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form The Weizer Building Cuyahoga, Ohio 6 D Property has yielded, or is likely to yield information important in prehistory or history.
Criteria Considerations (Mark "X" in all the boxes that apply.) B D E F G owned by a religious institution or used for religious purposes. removed from its original location. a birthplace or a grave. a cemetery. a reconstructed building, object, or structure. a commemorative property. less than 50 years of age or achieved significance within the past 50 years. Areas of Significance (Enter categories from instructions) ARCHITECTURE ETHNIC HERITAGE/EUROPEAN Period of Significance 1925 - 1952 Significant Dates 1925 ca.1945 Significant Person (Complete if Criterion B is marked above) Cultural Affiliation Architect/Builder Hradilek, Henry, Thomas, Arthur, Afchitect Contractor Narrative Statement of Significance (Explain fhe significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form The Weizer Building Cuyahoga, Ohio NPS Form 10-900-a OMB No.
1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section ======================== Description (See accompanying photographs and drawings.) The Weizer Building occupies the northeast corner of the intersection of East 118th Street and Buckeye Road in Cleveland, Ohio. It is built to the original site's property lines on the west, south and east, and its plan is trapezoidal in shape. The east and west walls are parallel.. The north wall is at right angles to the east and west walls. The south wall turns northwest, following the direction of Buckeye Road. The original main entrance is approximately 14 feet wide and at a 45-degree angle to the west and south walls, facing the intersection of East 118 Street and Buckeye Road.
The south and north walls are approximately 80 feet long; the west wall 72 feet, the east wall 62 feet. The building is three stories tall and has a basement. The roof is nominally flat, with a shallow pitch to the north. The height from grade to the top of the parapet wall on the south, southwest and west elevations is approximately 49 feet. The Weizer Building is a good local representative of the Beaux Arts style, with rich floral and classical motifs. (See photos 1 - 8.) This building is located along a major urban street in what was once a densely populated Hungarian neighborhood that today is primarily African-American. The building across 118th Street from the Weizer Building and the block of buildings on the southside of Buckeye Roadareroughly contemporary with it. Where the parking lot to the east is now, there was a one-story commercial building.
The property is bounded on the west and south by the sidewalks of East 118th Street and Buckeye Road, respectively. A scruffy, un-landscaped area is on the north and a parking lot abuts the building on the east. There are no other structures on the original parcel. (See photos 9 - 12.) The primary elevations face south, southwest and west and are terracotta. original wood frame main entrance is in the southwest, single-bay, elevation and is capped by a decorative monogram shield and flanking scrolls. The south, six-bay, elevation contains wood frame storefront entrances in the third and fifth bays from the west. The west, five-bay, elevation contains one wood frame entrance in the north bay. The remaining bays of the ground floor have large wood frame glazed storefronts with transom lights above. Rusticated terracotta piers separate each bay of the primary elevations.
The first floor is defined from the two floors above by a deep band of terracotta with rosettes at each pier and a decorative cornice in a Greek Meander motif. The second and third floor bays are filled with pairs of wood frame casement windows, separated vertically by plain terracotta spandrels. A single cable-shaft column separates each pair of windows vertically. (See photos 1 - 8.) USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form The Weizer Building Cuyahoga, Ohio NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) 10 OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section ] Page 2 =============== 222-: Description (continued) The third floor windows have arched transoms, which are capped by a single arch over each pair, filled with a lush floral motif.
The arch over the third floor windows of the southwest, main entrance, bay is highlighted by a spread-winged eagle and the entablature above it contains, in incised Roman letters, the "Weizer" family name. On the upper two floors, the bays are defined by colossal fluted pilasters in the Corinthian Order, which visually support a plain entablature and pseudo-balustrade parapet walls. There have been no significant alterations to the main elevations. (See photos 1 - 3.) The south and west elevation storefronts have been covered with protective panels and metal security screens have been installed over the easterly entrance on the south elevation and the original main entrance in the southwest elevation. (See photos 1 - 3, 7,8.) The north and east secondary elevations are brick masonry with double hung windows on the north elevation and in the recessed central portion of the east elevation.
A metal-framed and roofed fire stair stands at the northeast corner of the secondary elevations. There is a single door approximately in the center of the north elevation, immediately to the east of a one-story brick, flat-roof addition that was constructed circa 1945. On the upper portion of south end of the east wall there is a painted advertisement. It has been repainted several times and is in poor condition. The most recent text is a soap advertisement that appears to date from the 1970s. (See photos 4 - 6.) The interior of the Weizer Building originally housed a branch of the Central National Bank, a bank that was heavily invested in real estate, and stores on the first floor, Weizer's real estate offices and apartments on the second floor and apartments on the third floor. The first floor has undergone extensive change over time, with none of the original partitions remaining.
However, decorative pilasters and cornices remain in the southwest portion the main floor. Approximately 75 percent of the original second and third floor office and apartment partitions remain in place, with the major changes occurring in the southerly suites of the second and third floors. The second and third floors were treated simply, with plaster walls and ceilings and wood trim. The floors were originally exposed wood, but most have been covered with synthetic floor coverings. The second and third floor windows are original and do not have storm sash. The original transoms over the third floor windows remain, but have been covered with plasterboard. The original stairs in the south, center and northwest corner of the building remain and they are in good condition.
(See photos 13 - 39.) The Weizer Building maintains its integrity by its relatively undisturbed south, southwest and west main terracotta elevations, its general configuration on the exterior and interior upper floors and its neighborhood setting. USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form The Weizer Building Cuyahoga, Ohio NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) 11 OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 page 1 ========================== Statement of Significance The Weizer Building is significant under Criterion A, the property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; and Criterion C, the property has the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction and possesses high artistic values.
The property meets Criterion A as a building that handsomely provides tangible evidence of the once thriving Hungarian-American Buckeye neighborhood. It meets Criterion C because it is a good local representative of the Beaux Arts style featuring excellent terracotta detailing. The main elevations in general have survived without major damage or alteration. This building is the only surviving Beaux Arts terracotta building on Buckeye Road in the old Hungarian neighborhood. Historical Background and Significance: (See Maps, pages 8,5 and 8,6.) The broad patterns of American history that shaped Cleveland in the 19th century were: 1) the westward expansion of the nation, 2) post-Civil War industrialism and 3) laissez-faire capitalism. An integral component of these forces was the mass migration of foreign labor, predominantly from Central and Eastern Europe.
These immigrants were the workers who filled the steel mills, factories and ship yards of late 19th and early 20th century Cleveland, contributing to the city's rise to its status as the 6th largest urban center in the United States by 1910. The Hungarians were an important part of this rich mix of humanity, and, as with their contemporaries from other lands, the Russians, Germans, Slavs and Italians, they tended to seek out their own and to establish neighborhoods where they could continue the language, customs and traditions of their homeland. The Hungarians of Cleveland at one point ranked as the second largest Hungarian population in the world. They came to the city in three separate phases. largest was the first phase, from 1870 to 1924. The second followed World War II and the third was after the 1956 anti-Russian uprising in Hungary.
The first wave settled in the eastern portion of greater Cleveland, which became the Buckeye Road neighborhood of which the Weizer Building is a key component. There were smaller neighborhoods to the west and on the near west side of the city. However, the majority of the second and third waves of Hungarian immigrants moved, at least initially, into the Buckeye Road area. By 1900 there were almost 10,000 Hungarians in Cleveland and by 1920 the Hungarian population of the city had grown to more than 43,000. It is important to note, however, that this was a transient population. Many of the first phase Hungarians came to Cleveland, worked for several years, and then returned to Hungary. USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form The Weizer Building Cuyahoga, Onio Form 10-900-a OMB No.
1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page 2 :===2===<2:==s==:=:==:========-= Statement of Significance (continued) This pattern changed after World War I and the dissolution of the old Austro- Hungarian Empire. After 1918, the Hungarians tended to settle down and the vast majority made the Buckeye neighborhood their permanent home, to the extent that it became known as the "American Debrecen". Debrecen was the second largest city of Hungary during this period. To give an idea of the density of this population, the Buckeye area had approximately 40,000 residents in 1940, of whom 35,000 were Hungarians. There was no other community in the country with such a high concentration of Hungarians.
Where the early immigrants had largely come from farming and urban labor backgrounds, those who came in the second and third phases were typically college educated, white-collar workers. The cultural life of this neighborhood was impressive and diverse, including festivals, dances and other social events, lectures and forums. ethnic newspaper, Szabadsag, had over 40,000 subscribers in 1940. The area began its decline in the 1960s, with the broad urban pattern of out migration to the suburbs that characterizes the post World War II period. Very few Hungarians remained in the Buckeye neighborhood after 1980.
Architectural Significance The Criterion C, architectural, significance of this property derives from the impetus of the eastward expansion of the Hungarian community and is directly attributable to the ambition of the building's owner, John Weizer, and the skill of his architect, the Henry Hradilek Co. John Weizer's career followed that of many successful immigrants to this country. He came from modest beginnings in Hungary, immigrating to the United States in the late 1860s and establishing himself as a merchant to Cleveland's Hungarian community. He was, at various times, a grocer, a clothier, and, eventually, a real estate entrepreneur. By 1913, Weizer was sufficiently prosperous to build his first Weizer Building at East 90th Street and Buckeye Road, 28 blocks west of the present Weizer Building.
This double-turreted eclectic commercial structure was listed in the National Register in 1988, but has since been demolished. It was the real estate business that provided the basis of Weizer's wealth and it appears that he built the present Weizer Building in 1925 as a direct result of the eastward movement of the Hungarians along Buckeye Road during the 1920s, moving his headquarters to keep pace with land development. Weizer, in fact, sold more than 2,000 lots in this neighborhood to Hungarian compatriots during this period of expansion. It is important to note that Shaker Square, a National Register Historic District, was emerging at the same time just a half-mile to the northeast. USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form The Weizer Building Cuyahoga, Ohio NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) 13 OMB No.
1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page 3 =============== 2----- Statement of Significance (continued) The Henry Hradilek Company, the architects for the Weizer Building, was active from about 1914 until the early 1930s. Henry Hradilek died in 1938. A partial list of buildings known to have been designed by the firm, in addition to the Weizer Building, includes: The Arthur Schlee Residence (Sampson Drive, 1914), the Burt Federal Truck Building (Carnegie Ave., 1917), a residence for the then head of Cleveland Machine Tool Co. (near Wade Park Blvd., 1917), the India Rubber Company Factory, (Kent, 1917), and the Clifflake Building, (Lake Ave., 1927). Their offices were located in the Park Building on Public Square from 1920 on.
The Weizer Building was certainly one of the firm's finest buildings and probably its most ambitious architecturally. There were no earlier structures on this site, as confirmed by a review of the Sanborn Fire Insurance Co. maps of the area dated 1913, 1926, and 1926 updated to 1949. This building was constructed from 15 June 1925 to 26 September 1926. It was fully occupied by early 1928. A one-story brick, flat roof addition was made circa 1945. The building remained in commercial and residential use until the autumn of 1999 and has been vacant since that date. The building is currently being rehabilitated and will be a candidate for the Rehabilitation Tax Credit program.
The Weizer Building's context resides in the linear neighborhood defined by Buckeye Road, from roughly East 79th Street east to South Moreland Boulevard (the south arm of the north/south axis of Shaker Square), 13 blocks east of this property. The easterly limit had been reached by the early 1930s. Buckeye Road was lined on its north and south sides by predominantly one and two-story brick commercial buildings, many of which housed apartments on the second floor. The surrounding area to the north and south were (and still are) filled with simple, well-designed one and two story wood-frame houses in orderly rows that face onto tree-lined streets. The Weizer Building, with its three stories, was, and remains, the primary building in the central portion of the Buckeye Road neighborhood. It is the only surviving terracotta building along Buckeye Road.
There is one other Beaux Arts terracotta building of note approximately one mile to the southwest, the two-story Tatra Building at 4919 Woodhill Road. It is at the corner of Woodhill and Sophia and has a similar plan configuration, but is more conservative in its architectural treatment. There have been gaps created along Buckeye Road, but quite a few of the 1920s and 1930s buildings remain. The surrounding neighborhood is largely intact. The commercial block directly across the street from the Weizer Building, which once was home to the Moreland Theater, retains much of its original exterior fabric but is in poor condition overall.
USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form The Weizer Building Cuyahoga, Ohio (8-86) 14 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page 4 -------- - - ======== Statement of Significance (continued) The neighborhood tavern to the west of the Weizer Building has its original configuration and is in moderately good condition. There are three National Register listings in the vicinity of the Weizer Building: 1) St. Elizabeth's Magyar Roman Catholic Church, 9016 Buckeye Road; 2) the Magnolia-Wade Park Historic District; and 3) the Shaker Square Historic District. The historical significance of the Weizer Building rests in its personification of the once vibrant Hungarian-American community during the 1925-1952 period.
It represented a major economic force in this community's development, housing the leading bank serving Hungarian-Americans in the area and the real estate offices of John Weizer, who was a key entrepreneur contributing to the growth of the Buckeye neighborhood. The Weizer Building's architectural significance resides in its commanding three-story presence at the center of its community; its architectural excellence, both in its overall Beaux Arts design and its superb terracotta exterior main elevations; and in its integrity since the exterior remains intact with no major alterations and the interior general plan configuration is in place. The site retains its historical context on the north, west and south sides, the only gap being on the east where a parking lot has replaced the one- story commercial building that originally stood at that location.
USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form The Weizer Building Cuyahoga, Ohio NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service 15 OMB No. 1024-0018 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page 5 ============================= :======== Statement of Significance (continued) Reference: Encyclopedia of Cleveland History, p.560 City of Cleveland Ethnic Settlements, Circa 1923 N Othes (20] Lake Erie Hù Bo 1 Bo Ge Bo Po Native White AA African American Austrian Bohemian British Croatian Finnish German Greek Syrian Hungarian Irish ewish Polish Rumanian Russian Serbian Siovenian Based on Gilliman study, circa 1923.
1920 Cleveland Ward Boundaries The following features are shown ior reference purposes: 1995 Cleveland Cty Boundary 1995 Interstate Network 1995 Highway Network USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form The Weizer Building Cuyahoga, Ohio NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section 8 Page 6 ===================================== Statement of Significance (continued) Reference: Encyclopedia of Cleveland History, p.561 16 OMB No.
1024-0018 Traditional Ethnic Neighborhoods of Cleveland, 1900-1950 (Irtsh Croutian Lake Erie Cedar Cen Arican America Whiakeg land Thitn) Little Jtaly Bird's Nest (Poilsh, Slovak) "Big Maly Ohio City Dùtch Hill -Praha (Czech) 822 Kartl Warszaw (Crech) (Polish) Slavic Village This map shows the approximate locations of Clereland's major traditional ethnic neighborhoods in existence from 1900 to 1950. The following features are shown for reference purposes 1995 Cleveland City Boundary 1995 Interstate Network 1995 Highway Network USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form 7 The Weizer Building Cuyahoga, Ohio ========= ----- 9.