Nomination for Rockport High School, Old

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

4a4 NPS Form 10-900 (Rev. 10-90) OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service RECEIVED 2280 National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NAMMAR 3 | 2001 LACES This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual propertles and districts. See instructions id How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a).

Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property historic name Old Rockport High School other names/site number The Rockport Community House 2. Location street & number_58 Broadway N/A not for publication city or town Rockport N/A vicinity state Massachusetts code MA county_Essex code 009 zip code 01966 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986, as amended, I hereby certify that this Enomination - request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion. the property Vmeets - does not meet therNational Register Criteria.

I recommend that this property be considered significan Bety tuedherg Vation legiote Diretor, nationally statewidevz locally. ( See continuation she 3/25/03 Mmassachusetts Historical Commission, State Historic Preservation Officer State or Federal agency and bureau In my opinion, the property - meets - does not meet the National Register criteria. ( See continuation sheet for additional Comments.) Signature of certifying official/Title Date State or Federal agency and bureau 4. National Park Service Certification 1, hereby certify that this property is: Lentered in the National Register - See continuation sheet. - determined eligible for the National Register - See continuation sheet. - determined not eligible for the National Register - removed from the National Register - other (explain): Date of Action Pban N. Deall sTiTor Name of Property Old Rockport High School 5.

Classification Ownership of Property (Check as many boxes as apply) -private X public-local - public-State - public-Federal (Check only one box) Xbuilding(s) - district _ Site _ structure _object Name of related multiple property listing (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing.) N/A County and State Essex, MA Number of Resources within Property (Do not include previously listed resources in the count.) Contributing Noncontributing 1 _building sites structures 1 _objects 2 Total Number of contributing resources previously list in the National Register N/A 6. Function or Use Historic Functions (Enter categories from instructions) Education: School Social: Clubhouse Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions) Social: Clubhouse 7.

Description Architectural Classification (Enter categories from instructions) Mid-19* Century/Late Victorian: Italianate Materials (Enter categories from instructions) foundation_Granite Block walls Wood Clapboard Asphalt Shingles roof other Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) (VPSForm 1 19-900-a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB Approval No. 1024-0013 - National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Old Rockport High School Rockport (Essex), MA Section number Page_ 1 7. DESCRIPTION The Old Rockport High School is a 2½ story, wood frame structure built in the Italianate style.

The building sits on a 7,000-square-foot lot that is flanked by a residential structure on the southwest, residential structures and a shared driveway to the rear of the property, and a church on the northeast. The property is lined with shrubs on the southwest and northeast. The building has shrubs along side it on the southwest elevation and façade. A paved walkway beginning in the front of the building runs along the northeast side of the property to the rear of the building. In front of the building is a lawn, with plantings and two mature trees. A cannon from the U.S.S. Constitution is positioned on the front lawn as well (photo #12). The school is located on Broadway, a major thoroughfare, near a busy intersection known locally as Five Corners.

The building is surrounded by primarily small-scale, wood-frame residential structures in a neighborhood that has undergone few changes through the years. The Old Rockport High School is part of the Broadway Historic District. Today the building has assumed a shape configured by the original block dating from 1865 and a number of additions constructed from 1869 though 1908 (see sketch plan). The building is primarily a rectangular, front-gable structure with three additions: a recessed, two-story side addition and two rear two-story additions. It is a wood-frame structure clad in clapboards on a granite block foundation. Although described as an . Italianate-style building, decorative elements are minimal.

The symmetrical main block of the structure (the original one-room schoolhouse with 1869, one-story addition) has corner boards on the front and rear, and the façade of the building is a front gable with a gable return (photo #1). Centered under the gable in the attic story is the only arched window in the building. The two outer windows of this main façade were the original boy's (on one side) and girl's (on the other side) entrances. Presently they are windows. Today's main entrance, located in the recessed, two-story side addition, is marked by a door hood with a plain board support (the original support appears to have been removed) and a painted sign over the door reading "Community House, Built 1865." The entrance doors are double wood paneled doors with top lights. In 2000, a side door in this addition (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-8 896) OMB Approval No.

1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior - National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Old Rockport High School Rockport (Essex), MA Section number_ 7 Page2 was converted into a handicapped entrance through the construction of a wooden wheelchair ramp. The side entrance door has a door hood supported by original jigsaw brackets with pendants (photo #2). A third entrance on the southwest elevation of the building has a simple plank surround and is flush with the surface of the building (photo #6). Windows are large and symmetrically arranged on the façade and sides of the main block. The rear addition is not squared but at an oblique angle, which may be due to the configuration of the lot or the demands of interior space rather than concern over exterior appearance (photo #3).

Rear addition windows are grouped in twos and threes and are also symmetrical (photo #4). All windows are wooden, and 6/6 with simple molded surrounds. Doors are original double, wood-paneled with lights on the top. Significant interior details include 6/6 windows, wainscoting, vertical and horizontal beaded board paneling in the 1900 stair hall and door surrounds with ca. 1900 period bulls-eye detailing (photos #10, 11). The first-floor classroom has its original slate blackboards, although at this time they are covered up. Floors throughout are original narrow board. The only modern additions to the building are its acoustical tile ceilings, fluorescent lights, linoleum floors in the kitchen and handicapped bathroom, and two bathrooms in the 1900 stair hall addition. The first-floor typing room was turned into a kitchen.

The entrance on the southwest side of the building was also added. All of these changes date from ca. 1940-1970. More recently, in 2001, a handicapped bathroom was constructed in the rear classroom. The front first floor classroom contains handsome wooden benches dating from the late 19t to early 20" century that were used in the former Rockport Town Hall, which was demolished in the mid-1950s (photos #8-9). The first floor also contains framed paintings that depict, in panoramic fashion and great detail, downtown Rockport and its harbor in 1948. These were painted by local artist Stewart Urquhart. (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-8 (8-86) OMB Approval No.

1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service - National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Old Rockport High School Rockport (Essex), MA Section number 7 Page_3 There are no extant outbuildings, although the location for privies may have been in the back of the school on the southwest side. No well has been found on the grounds although the town did not provide water until 1895. Archaeological Description While no ancient Native American sites are recorded on the school property or in the general area (within one mile), sites may be present. Environmental characteristics of the area indicate the presence of several locational criteria (slope, soil drainage, proximity to wetlands) that are favorable for the presence of Native sites. The school is located on a well drained, level to moderately sloping landscape, formed in glacial till deposits.

The area is located within 1,000 feet of Mill Brook that drains northeasterly to Back Harbor and Sandy Bay. In general, however, the potential for locating significant ancient Native American resources on the school property is low. Any Native American resources that may have been located on the small school lot (7,000 square feet) were likely destroyed by school construction. A low to moderate potential exists for locating significant historic archaeological resources on the school property. Additional documentary research combined with field testing may locate structural evidence or archaeological features related to outbuildings and privies that might exist behind the school on the southwest portion of the property. Archaeological evidence of a well may also exist since town water was not provided until 1895. (end) Name of Property Old Rockport High School 8.

Statement of Significance

Statement of significance

Applicable National Register Criteria (Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National Register listing.) X A Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. _ B Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. X C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type,period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction. _ D Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. Criteria Considerations (Mark "x" in all the boxes that apply.) Property is: _A owned by religious institution or used for religious purposes. _B removed from its original location.

_C a birthplace or grave. _D a cemetery _E a reconstructed building, object, or structure. a commemorative property. _G less than 50 years of age or achieved significance within the past 50 years. County and State_Essex, MA Areas of Significance (Enter categories from instructions) Education Community Planning and Development Architecture Period of Significance 1865-1954 Significant Dates 1865-1866 1869, 1890, 1900-04, 1906, 1908 1929 Significant Person (Complete if Criterion B is marked above) N/A Cultural Affiliation N/A Architect/Builder Narrative Statement of Significance (Explain the significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) 9.

The rest of the file

Bibliography, boundary description, and the people who prepared and reviewed the nomination.

Major Bibliographical References (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) Previous documentation on file (NPS): HPCA 11332 Primary location of additional data: - preliminary determination of individual listing (36 X State Historic Preservation Office CFR 67) has been requested - Other State agency - previously listed in the National Register _ Federal agency - previously determined eligible by the National - Local government Register - University _ designated a National Historic Landmark Other _recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey Name of repository: # _ recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # NPS Form 1 10-900-8 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB Approval No.

1024-0018 - National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Old Rockport High School Rockport (Essex), MA Section number 8 Page_ 1 8STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The old Rockport High School possesses integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. It is significant for its association with the development of Rockport's school system, as an example of early wooden school construction, and for its continuing use as a community meeting place in Rockport since the first quarter of the 20** century. The building meets Criteria A and C for listing on the National Register of Historic Places and is of local significance. Rockport was originally part of the First Parish of Gloucester, and not permanently settled until 1690, primarily by fishermen. The first school to serve the Rockport area was built in 1725.

In 1794 approximately 700 people lived in the parish supported by the maritime trades. By 1804 Gloucester had been divided into eleven school districts, three of which were located in what would eventually become Rockport. In 1827, the town's second major industry, that of quarrying granite, began and in 1840 the town of Rockport was incorporated. At that time the population stood at 2,650 and the town contained six school districts primarily serviced by small, one-story wood frame structures. In 1855 Rockport abolished its existing district school system and adopted a graded system. Because of this, it was necessary to establish a high school. Previously, a high school, begun in 1849, had met in the vestry of the Congregational Church. In 1857 a public high school was organized, but it was not until 1865 that a building was constructed just for high school students.

By 1870, Rockport's population had increased to 3,904, a 47.3 % increase, due primarily to Irish and Canadian immigrants who had arrived to work in the quarrying industry. By 1885 as the population steadily increased, there were fourteen schools in Rockport. In 1895 the town had 5,289 residents including local Yankees, Irish, and Canadian immigrants as well as others from Scandinavia, Russia, Great Britain, and Scotland. Around the turn of the 20" century, the quarrying and fishing industries declined and tourism began to grow. The natural beauty and rocky shores inspired many writers and artists, as well as wealthy families, to come spend their summers in Rockport. (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-8 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB Approval No.

1024-0018 - National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Old Rockport High School Rockport (Essex), MA Section number 8 Page_2 Large tourist hotels as well as family estates were constructed. By around 1915 the town's population had declined to 4,351. Yet the tourism industry and Rockport' s artistic colony continued to grow and the town began its transformation from working class city to artistic haven. Today the town, with a population of 6,338, is a major North Shore tourist destination and features an active arts colony. The Old Rockport High School served as a school from 1866 through 1926, when a new high school was built and the old structure closed. In 1929, through the efforts of the newly formed Rockport Garden Club, the building was reopened as the Rockport Community House, a gathering place for local groups in the town.

The building still serves that function today. While most of the early one-room schoolhouses were demolished or sold by the town, the old high school originally constructed in 1865, survived, albeit dramatically altered. The building was originally built as a small, wood-frame, one-story, one-room, schoolhouse. In 1869, due to overcrowding, the building was expanded by raising it up about twelve feet and constructing a new first floor below the original one. This can be seen in the attic where the larger, front gabled roof was simply built over the smaller original roof that still survives to this day. Although built as a high school, at various times the building housed primary (grades 1-3), grammar (grades 7-9), and high school (grades 10-12) classes. In 1890, overcrowding became a problem again.

Further adding to the space crunch was the introduction of Chemistry and Physics to the high school curriculum, necessitating laboratory space. A two-story addition with no attic or basement was constructed at the rear of the building (each story containing one room). The first floor was used for additional classroom space, the second for a minimal laboratory space that was probably limited to teaching demonstrations until the 1908 addition was completed. In 1894, a small, triangular piece of land, off the southwest side of the property, was sold from the original lot. (continued) (IPS Porm 1 10-900-2 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB Approval No.

1024-0018 - National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Old Rockport High School Rockport (Essex), MA Section number 3 Page_3 By 1900 the town, and school, were not in compliance with the state sanitary and school laws. The building did not have indoor plumbing or inside toilets; the students and staff used outhouses. It was also overcrowded and had poor ventilation. Over a four-year period, from 1900 to 1904, these conditions were corrected. In 1900 work was begun on a narrow addition built on the northeast side of the building to house a stairhall. This solved the overcrowding problem by moving the stairway out of the main block of the building, thereby gaining additional classroom space. Two sets of stairs were constructed, one behind the other. The front set is actually the old 1869 staircase, recycled.

The two entrances on the front of the building were turned into windows and the main entrance to the building was relocated to the new stairhall wing. In 1902, a small room was enclosed at the top front of the stairhall to make an additional, albeit very small classroom. Between 1901 and 1903 a ventilation, heating, and plumbing system were added; this required excavation of the basement to a uniform eight-foot depth, and it was here in the basement that indoor bathrooms were constructed. Unfortunately, the school still did not function well, due to overcrowding, even after the renovations. By 1908 a small, two-story, wood-frame addition was constructed behind the 1900 stairhall. The first floor was used as a typing room; the second became the chemistry laboratory. Electric lights were added in 1912 and 1913.

By 1919, again, more overcrowding resulted in classes being held in rented spaces throughout the town. Physical education classes newly introduced into the curriculum also necessitated renting space. By 1922, classes were held in a morning and afternoon session. Finally, in 1920, a new high school was proposed as a memorial to those who had fought in World War I. It was finally constructed in 1926 (listed on the National Register 5/30/1997)) and the old high school closed the same year. It remained empty until 1929 when the newly formed Rockport Garden Club led the effort to have the town designate the building as a community meeting space. Soon they were joined by the also newly formed Sandy Bay Historical Society which opened their first museum in the building. In 1931 a practice cannon from the U.S.S.

Constitution was purchased by the Sandy Bay Historical Society and placed in front of the building. The cannon sits on a wooden carriage with iron wheels (photo #12). A dedication ceremony was held on 24 August (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-8 OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior - National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Old Rockport High School Rockport (Essex), MA Section number 8 Page_ 4 1931 with an address by Rear Admiral Louis M. Nulton. The dedication plate attached to the cannon carriage reads: "This cannon from the U.S.S.

Constitution, "Old Ironsides," was presented to the Sandy Bay Historical Society by descendents of the first settler, Richard Tarr, and dedicated August 20, 1931." Soon after becoming a community meeting house, the Rockport Community League was formed to handle the administration of the building. The old school is still actively used as a meeting place. The Sandy Bay Historical Society continues to hold its monthly meetings in the old school, but in the 1950s relocated its museum to another building. The Rockport Garden Club still uses the building, as does the Community Chorus, meeting in the building since 1933. Throughout the years many additional groups have used the old school as well, and continue to do so today.

Archaeological Significance Historic archaeological resources described above may contribute important information related to education and the social, cultural, and economic characteristics of Rockport's inhabitants from the mid-19" through early 20" centuries. Detailed analysis of the contents of occupational related features (trash deposits, privies, wells) may identify artifacts and other types of information and patterning related to methods and techniques used in education. Important information may also exist related to the extra-curricular activities and social, cultural, and economic characteristics of students and by extrapolation the larger Rockport population. Artifacts and occupational related features may also contain evidence related to architectural features of the school.

Potentially stratified deposits may key activities and artifacts to specific periods of use and activities at the school. (end) NPS Form 1 10-900-8 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 - National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Old Rockport High School Rockport (Essex), MA Section number 9 Page 1 9. MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES Massachusetts Historical Commission. Reconnaissance Survey Report: Rockport, MA., 1985. National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. Rockport High School. Massachusetts Historical Commission, 1997. Stephenson, Gwendolyn. Form B - Building. Old Rockport High School, Rockport, MA, February 2001. "The Rockport Community House Through the Years." Unpublished typescript, in progress. Swan, Marshall W. S. Town on Sandy Bay (Canaan, New Hampshire: Town History Committee), 1980.

(end) Name of Property Old Rockport High School County, State Essex, MA 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property less than one acre UTM References See continuation sheet. (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet) 1.19 366980 Zone 4723600 Easting Northing " Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting *Zone Easting _ See continuation sheet /erbal Boundary Descriptio Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet. Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) 11.

Form Prepared By name/title Jane Carolan, Preservation Consultant, with Betsy Friedberg, NR Director, MHC organization_ Massachusetts Historical Commission _date March 2004 street & number_ 220 Morrissey Boulevard _ telephone 617-727-8470 city or town_ Boston state MA _zip code_02125 Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: Continuation Sheets Maps A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. A sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Photographs Representative black and white photographs of the property.

Additional items (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) Property Owner (Complete this item at the request of the SHPO or FPO.) name Town of Rockport street & number _ 34 Broadway _telephone 978-546-6786 city or town Rockport .state MA _ zip code 01966 Northing Northing as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.) Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including the time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, NationalPark Service, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; andthe Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Project (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503 NPS Form 110-900-8 (8-86) OMB Approval No.

1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Old Rockport High School Rockport (Essex), MA Section number 10 Page 1 10. GEOGRAPHICAL DATA Verbal Boundary Description The nominated property occupies Rockport Town Parcel 18-530 and includes approximately 7,000 square feet. The exact boundaries are delineated on an attached map. Boundary Justification The boundaries include the entire town lot that has been historically associated with the Old Rockport High School. (end) PHOTOGRAPHS 1. 2 3 5 6 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

front elevation northeast elevation and rear of building northwest elevation and rear of building corner of rear and northwest elevation northwest elevation northwest elevation northwest elevation interior view, first floor front meeting room interior view, first floor front meeting room interior view of front entrance interior view of hall staircase ceremonial cannon from U.S.S.

Constitution 1906 se sdditiont 1890 AdditioNi G:\B\ROCKPORT\T-STUDY\COMHSE.DWG 1900- 1904 Addito 1 orisiuil Foot gnist 1865 swentrance 1941 FIRST FLOOR PLAN SCALE: 1" - 10° COMMUNITY HOUSE BROADWAY Rockput Community Joue OLD Nock prt tyh School/Rockpnt Communtyboue photogigk key Broedway UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET REQUESTED ACTION: NOMINATION PROPERTY Rockport High School, Old NAME : MULTIPLE NAME: STATE & COUNTY: MASSACHUSETTS, Essex DATE RECEIVED: DATE OF 16TH DAY: DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: 3/31/04 5/06/04 REFERENCE NUMBER: 04000424 DATE OF PENDING LIST: 4/21/04 DATE OF 45TH DAY: 5/14/04 REASONS FOR REVIEW: APPEAL: N DATA PROBLEM: N LANDSCAPE: N LESS THAN 50 YEARS: OTHER: N PDIL: N PERIOD: N PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: REQUEST: N SAMPLE: N SLR DRAFT: N NATIONAL: COMMENT WAIVER: N ACCEPT RETURN REJECT 5/12/04 DATE ABSTRACT/SUMMARY COMMENTS: N N N intered in the Netional Regator RECOM.

/CRITERIA REVIEWER DISCIPLINE TELEPHONE DATE DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLR Y/N If a nomination is returned to the nominating authority, the nomination is no longer under consideration by the NPS. OLD Rockpot High School /Rockpat 5t Broodway Rockpat, Essa County, MA. Frant elcvAtióN old Rockpat High School/ 58Brood.way lockpat, Essx County. Ma Uothenst eleotion and rea y buil 2. old Rockpot Nigh School/llockoat commenity bouse 58 Brosdway Rockpot, E587 County, Ma Notheast clevot iin and man o building 3. Kodak Professiona PAPEL OLd Rockpat Higk Schon/Rock.pnt Community Cote s8broodway.@3sk@ouesty.nz carner.f wan and vont hwest eleostaai 4 13d 83dV. 13dV 17d Old Rockpnt High School/ Rockport Community Cuter 58 DrosLwoy Essx Couuty, Rockpat. Ma Nathwst elevotian 5.

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The Commonwealth of Massachusetts William Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Commonwealth Massachusetts Historical Commission RECEIVED MAR 312 NAT. RECISTER NATIONALPI 2280 March 29, 2004 Ms. Carol Shull National Register of Historic Places Department of the Interior National Park Service 1201 Eye Street, NW, 8" floor Washington, DC 20005 Dear Ms. Shull: Enclosed please find the following nomination form: Old Rockport High School, 58 Broadway, Rockport (Essex), MA The nomination has been voted eligible by the State Review Board and has been signed by the state Historic Preservation Officer. The owners of the property were notified of pending Stat Review Board consideration 30 to 45 days before the meeting and were afforded the opportunit to comment.

ACES Sincerely, Betry Fredberg National Register Director Massachusetts Historical Commission enclosure CC: Jane Carolan, consultant Gwen Stephenson, Rockport Community House Roberta Paine, Rockport Historical Commission Charles Clark, Rockport Board of Selectmen Samuel Coulbourne, Rockport Planning Board 220 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125 (617) 727-8470 - Fax: (617) 727-5128 www.state.ma.us/sec/mhc