Nomination for German Evangelical Protestant Cemetery Chapel

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

OMBINO 10RECEIVED 2280 NPS Form 10-900 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior JAN 1 6 2008 National Park Service NAT. REGISTER OF HIOI- NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REGISTRATION FORM This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in How to Complete the National the information requested. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1.

Name of Property Historic name German Evangelical Protestant Cemetery Chapel Other names/site number Vine Street Hill Cemetery Chapel 2. Location street & number 3701 Vine Street n/a - not for publication city or town - vicinity 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of1986, as amended, I hereby certify that this X nomination C request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property X meets - does not meet the National Register Criteria.

I recommend that this property be considered significant nationally - statewide X Department Head Signature of certifying official Inventory & Registration Ohio Historic Preservation Office, Ohio Historical Society State or Federal agency and bureau In my opinion, the property - meets - does not meet the National Register criteria. ([] See continuation sheet for additional Signature of commenting or other official 4. National Park Service Certification - determined not eligible for the V entered in the National Register - See continuation sheet. removed from the National Register Date of Action Cincinnati Date state Ohio county Hamilton National Register 2.28.08 comments.) code OH Janucnry 10, 2008 1, hereby certify that this property is: Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A).

Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering other (explain): German Evangelical Protestant Cemetery Chapel Hamilton County, OH 5. Classification Ownership of Property Category of Property Check only one box X private - public-local - district - public-State - site - public-Federal - structure - object Name of related multiple property listing Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register 6. Function or Use Historic Functions Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions) RELIGION/Religious Facility 7.

Description LATE VICTORIAN/Romanesque stained glass Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) Total Noncontributing other Foundation FUNERARY stone roof walls Materials slate Architectural Classification (Check as many boxes as apply) ×building(s) Number of Resources within Property (Do not include previously listed resources in the count) (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing.) NPS Form 10-900 OMB No 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET German Evangelical Protestant Cemetery Chapel Hamilton County, OH Narrative Description The German Evangelical Protestant Cemetery Chapel, completed in 1884, is situated facing due north near the center of Vine Street Hill Cemetery.

The Romanesque Revival style stone building is located on what is known as Chapel Avenue between Sections 2 and 3 of the burial grounds. Many mature trees are located within these two sections of the cemetery. The terrain is generally flat, and this area is some of the highest ground within the property. The Vine Street Hill Cemetery's grounds are park like, having historically been referred to as "Cincinnati's Beautiful Sacred Park." The lawn setting, arrangement of monuments and many beautiful mature trees are likely due in part to the influence of Prussian-born Adolph Strauch, Superintendent at Cincinnati's Spring Grove Cemetery (NR 1976, NHL 2007) that is less than two miles away and founded in 1845, four years earlier than Vine Street Hill Cemetery.

The generations of Dahmann family superintendents at Vine Street Hill Cemetery were involved in local, state and national cemetery associations that also would have provided access to ideas and innovations for grounds maintenance and cemetery a one-story square hip roof mortuary connected to the chapel by a flat roofed covered passageway. The rear building is an earlier vault built in 1850 and likely remodeled and connected during the construction of the chapel. The chapel and mortuary feature stone carved detailing in the window surrounds, dormer, cornice and quoins that reflect picturesque Romanesque Revival influences through the use of round arches, circular and zigzag patterns.

The north façade of the chapel features a compound-arched entry with double wooden doors; semi-circular stained glassed transom and the description "Kapelle" (German for Chapel) carved in stone over the entrance. A carved stone portico with carved quatrefoil and finial further surrounds the entrance. There are two stone-carved dedication plaques above the doorway. Facing the building, the plaque to the left reads: "Alte Graft erbauet 1850," which translates from German as "Old crypt blind round arched stone windows are on either side of the entrance and a stone roundel is located directly above the of the chapel. The east and west side elevations have three bays featuring round arched stained glass windows. The front bay is the gable end of the cross-gable roof and displays similar round arched cornice molding and stone roundel.

On the west side of the chapel is a stairwell to the undercroft. The rear mortuary features a slate hip roof with tile cresting and a gable dormer vent with round arched stone pediment on tracery flanked by two smaller narrow round arched windows. Engaged round columns with a smooth stone finish define the corners of the mortuary. A center gated entrance with "Mortuary" carved in stone above the gate is on the north elevation of the mortuary under the porte cochere. In the center of the rear building is the vault area. To the right and left are water closets, each identified in German, "Für Herren" and "Für Damen" stone carvings. Each water closet has a circular stained glass window, rear narrow windows and ceramic tile floors. development. roofed steeple is located at the crossing of the gables over the entrance.

Smooth stone-engaged columns define the corners surrounded by a similar zigzag stone pattern.The south elevation has a large blind round arched window with intersecting the rear south elevation.The mortuary and porte cochere display highly detailed cornice molding of a band of round built 1850."The stone plaque to the right reads:"Neue graft erbauet 1884,"translated as"New crypt built 1884."Two Section number 7 Page 1 The chapel, built in 1884, is a one-story building with a cross-gabled roof topped by a steeple. To the rear of the chapel is entrance. The cross gables feature similarly detailed finials and round arched cornice molding. The octagonal conical arches and a zigzag pattern.The east and west elevations of the mortuary have large circular stained glass windows (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number 7 Page 2 German Evangelical Protestant Cemetery Chapel Hamilton County, OH The interior of the chapel features a barrel vaulted nave with carved round arch ribs terminating in round columns spaced between each side window. At the south end of the chapel is a large stain glass rose window above an arched central focal point with decorative plaster detailing flanked by two sets of double wood doors. The wood doors have round arched panels and stain glass transoms with wood surrounds. The stain glass through out features decorative patterns and not from the center of the barrel vault and similarly detailed wall sconces located along the side walls. These fixtures are twentieth century additions to the chapel.

design, materials, workmanship, location, setting, feeling and association. specific scenes or human images. The chapel has a wood floor and there are three Gothic style lighting fixtures suspended The interior of the chapel shows evidence of water damage. There is flooring damage in one corner as well as degradation of some of the plaster elements in several spots. Overall the building retains a high degree of integrity evidence by its German Evangelical Protestant Cemetery Chapel Hamilton County, OH 8. Statement of Significance

Statement of significance

Applicable National Register Criteria Areas of Significance (Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property (Enter categories from instructions) for National Register listing) -A Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. - B Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. X C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period,or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses Period of Significance high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction. - D Property has yielded, or is likely to yield information important in prehistory or history.

Significant Dates Criteria Considerations Significant Person X A owned by a religious institution or used for religious (Complete if Criterion B is marked above) - B removed from its original location. Cultural Affiliation - C a birthplace or a grave. - D a cemetery. - E a reconstructed building, object,or structure. - F a commemorative property -G less than 50 years of age or achieved significance Brink, George and August within the past 50 years. Narrative Statement of Significance (Explain the significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) 9.

The rest of the file

Bibliography, boundary description, and the people who prepared and reviewed the nomination.

Major Bibliographical References (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) Previous documentation on file (NPS) Primary location of additional data - preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR - State Historic Preservation Office 67) has been requested. - Other State agency - previously listed in the National Register - Federal agency - previously determined eligible by the National - Local government L University - designated a National Historic Landmark X Other - recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey Name of repository: Cincinnati Historical Society Library -recorded by Historic American Engineering Record 1850-1884 Register Architecture purposes. Bibliography Architect/Builder Property is: (Mark "X" in all the boxes that apply.) Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number 8 Page 3 German Evangelical Protestant Cemetery Chapel Hamilton County, OH Statement of Significance The German Evangelical Protestant Cemetery Chapel is nominated to the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion Exception A due to its late nineteenth century design and local architectural significance. known as the Vine Street Hill Cemetery in 1849. It was known as the German Evangelical Protestant Cemetery on many residents of Cincinnati were stricken with cholera and the need for additional burial grounds developed. On February 26, 1850 the first land for the cemetery was purchased from Samuel West. In August 1882 additional land was purchased from F. Feldman and S. West.

The immediate area was developed as a residential community by a large influx of German immigrants. Four generations of the Dahmann family served as superintendents from 1879 until well into the twentieth century. The name of Carthage for this section of the road starting north of Glenmary Avenue was changed to Vine Street after the suburb of Clifton was annexed to Cincinnati in 1896. The original and main entrance to the cemetery is 3701 Vine Street and the cemetery became known as the Vine Street Hill Cemetery. A receiving vault for twelve was built in 1850. The vault was used to store the bodies of those individuals who had died during the winter months when the frozen ground prevented their internment. In 1884 the chapel was built in front of the receiving vault. The new design incorporated the old vault into the new article appearing in The Inland Architect in 1884.

The German-American architect-builders George and August Brink of Cincinnati designed the chapel. The office of the Brinks was located on Hopkins Street in the Over-the-Rhine-West End as early as 1870. The Brink's clients were almost exclusively German-Americans for a variety of structures (breweries, factories, residences, rental and commercial buildings, many located on the west side of Cincinnati). Throughout the nineteenth century Cincinnati saw a steady influx of German immigrants. In 1850, when Cincinnati was the sixth largest city in the United States, 26.6% or 30,758 people of Cincinnati's total population were German-born. George and August Brink's known work shows distinctive stonework and elaborate carving expressed in nineteenth century picturesque, historical stylistic sources, primarily Romanesque Revival and Italianate.

The details and overall unified stylistic treatment reflects an understanding of the nature of the materials employed and a high level of craftsmanship. The German Evangelical Protestant Cemetery Chapel is the only known religious building designed by the Distinctive characteristics associated with Romanesque Revival style seen in the Brink's work and particularly in the German Evangelical Protestant Cemetery Chapel are the semi-circular arch motif used in the window shapes and surrounds; corbel molding and other details and overall monochromatic wall treatment. These stylistic treatments reflect the drawing from historical period architecture, namely the round-arch medieval style of Germany and when revived in Brinks. Carthage Road or just Carthage Road Cemetery, located three and one half miles from the City of Cincinnati.

In 1849 Criterion C for its architectural significance as an example of late nineteenth century eclectic funerary design influenced by design elements associated with the Romanesque Revival style. The chapel is representative of the work of German- American architect-builders George and August Brink and as such is also important for its associations with Cincinnati's large and influential German-American community during the late nineteenth century. The cemetery chapel meets Members of the German Evangelical Reform Churches of St. Peter and St. Paul of Cincinnati founded the cemetery, now complex attaching it with a porte cochere. Cost estimates for the new chapel complex was $15,000 as reported in an mid to late nineteenth century American architecture is often associated with religious and public buildings. Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number 8 Page 4 German Evangelical Protestant Cemetery Chapel Hamilton County, OH Two other residential properties in Cincinnati associated with the work of the Brink's are the 1875 Italianate style house at 2972 Werk Road (HAM-7863-37) and the 1880-81 remodeling of the John Hauck House, 812 Dayton Street (Dayton Street Historic District, NR 1973). The Werk Road property exhibits the detailed craftsmanship in the carved wood window and door surrounds, brackets supporting the eaves and the intricately carved porch posts. The Skaats-Hauck House was built in 1870. The house was enlarged and the façade redesigned in the early 1880s for the second owner, John Hauck, a German-American brewer.

Cincinnati architectural historian Walter Langsam attributes the Hauck House remolding to the Brink's and describes the work as, "a German Romanesque Revival slant to the Italian Renaissance features, through details such as the carved rope-molding and floriate capitals. These [details] confirm our attribution of these Hauck family houses to the firm of G. & A. Brink, whose work for the German-American community about this time included other commissions from the Haucks." (Great Houses of the Queen City, page 35) Spring Grove Cemetery and Walnut Hills Cemetery (originally called German Protestant Cemetery), both in Cincinnati contain chapels of similar age and architectural style with the German Evangelical Protestant Cemetery Chapel. The Norman Chapel in Spring Grove was constructed in 1880 and the chapel at Walnut Hills is from the 1880s as well.

The German Evangelical Protestant Cemetery Chapel shares qualities of stone construction, stone detailing and stained glass windows with these other contemporary cemetery buildings. The degree of architectural detailing, original and unique details and craftsmanship expands knowledge of the work and contributions of German-American architects-builders and the specific contributions of George and August Brink to late nineteenth century Cincinnati. windows and distinctly German-American manifestations of the German Evangelical Protestant Cemetery Chapel in the context of the social and cultural history of the city make it worthy of special designation. The chapel's architectural Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev.

10-90 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number 9 Page 5 German Evangelical Protestant Cemetery Chapel Hamilton County, OH Bibliographical References Grace, Kevin and Tom White. Cincinnati Cemeteries: The Queen City Underground. Arcadia Publishing, Mt. Pleasant, SC 2004. The Hamilton County Chapter of the Ohio Genealogical Society, Hamilton County, Ohio Burial Records. Volume Three; "Vine Street Hill Cemetery 1852-1977." Cincinnati, OH 1991. Handlin, David P. American Architecture. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1997. Hurley, Dan. The Cincinnati Post. "City's German Identity Complex, Focus on History." September 21, 2007. The Inland Architect, IV, 2 (September 1884), p. 3l Langsam, Walter E.

Great Houses of the Queen City, Two Hundred Years of Historic and Contemporary Architecture and Interiors in Cincinnati and Northern Kentucky. The Cincinnati Historical Society, Cincinnati, OH 1997. Langsam, Walter E., Professor & Architectural Historian, University of Cincinnati, personal interview. National Register of Historic Places nomination forms: Woodlawn Cemetery, Toledo, Lucas County, OH Oakwood Cemetery Chapel, Cuyahoga Falls, Cuyahoga County, OH Segal, Alfred. Cincinnati Post & Times Star. "In Which We Report on 3701 Vine." (June 30, 1962). Tolzmann, Don Heinrich. German Heritage Guide to the Greater Cincinnati Area. Little Miami Publishing Company, Vine Street Hill Cemetery Association, History of Vine Street Hill Cemetery. Warminski, Margo, Preservation Director, Cincinnati Preservation Association, personal interview. Williams Cincinnati Directory, Williams & Co.

Cincinnati, OH 1884. Milford, OH 2003. Queen City Heritage, The Journal of the Cincinnati Historical Society. Volume 53, (Spring/Summer 1995). Number 1/2, German Evangelical Protestant Cemetery Chapel Hamilton County, OH 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property less than one UTM References (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet) 1 16 715256 4336830 Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) 11.

Form Prepared By name/title organization David Hess date May 15, 2007 street & number 520 Meadowtrail Court telephone (513) 772-1657 city or town Cincinnati _ state OH_ zip code 45231 Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: Continuation Sheets A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. Representative black and white photographs of the property.

Additional items (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) Property Owner (Complete this item at the request of the SHPO or FPO.) name Vine Street Hill Cemetery Association street & number 3701 Vine Street telephone (513) 281-1035 _ state OH zip code 45220 Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.). Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including the time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Project (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503.

Maps Photographs Zone Easting Northing See continuation sheet. this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.0. Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number 10 Page 6 German Evangelical Protestant Cemetery Chapel Hamilton County, OH Boundary Description The German Evangelical Protestant Cemetery Chapel is bounded on the north, east and west by asphalt pavement that is a Vine Street Hill Cemetery. (see Boundary Map) Boundary Justification the area of cemetery land that immediately surrounds where the building is located. The boundaries reflect the historic and architectural qualities associated with the nominated property.

The boundaries of the nominated property were designated to include only the chapel with adjoining portico and vault and part of Chapel Avenue and also egress to the chapel via the portico. The southern end is bounded by cemetery grounds land that is not more than a quarter of an acre in size, roughly 130 feet by 55 feet, between sections 2 and 3 within the OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Section number Photographs Page 7 German Evangelical Protestant Cemetery Chapel Hamilton County, OH Photographer: David Hess Negatives: David Hess Photos 1-7 date: January 2005 Photos 8-17 date: April 2005 (the appearance of the nominated property has not changed and is still accurately represented in these photographs) 1. North (front) and West Elevation 2. South (rear) and East Elevation 3.

South (rear) and surrounding grounds 4. Front façade entrance detail 5. Front façade 7. Exterior window detail, vault 8. West elevation, portico and vault 9. Stone detail, vault water closet 10. Chapel interior detail, plaster relief and windows 11. Chapel interior detail, plaster relief 12. Chapel interior 13. Chapel stained glass windows 14. Window, vault water closet 16. View North of grounds from Chapel front entrance 17. View West of Chapel Photographs 6. Front façade, stone detail, dedication stone (Rev.10-90) 468 SQ FT. FRONT ENTRY VINE STREET HILL CEMETERY CHAPEL CINCINNATI, OHIO CHAPEL WOMENS VAULT 130' CEMETERY ROADWAY - "CHAPEL AVENUE' 560 SQ.

FT EXTERIOR STAIRS TO UNDERCROFT Boundary map PORTE-COCHERE MORTUARY VINE STREET HILL CEMETERY CHAPEL 3701 VINE STREET, CINCINNATI, OHIO 45220 Property Dimensions Parcel ID: 218-0055-0015-90 Source: Hamilton County Auditor http: www.hamiltoncountyauditor.org 1456 OMP 1SSTN/B http://www.hcauditor.org 1SSTN/S (560 (468 CEMETERY ROADWAY "CHAPEL AVENUE" MENS WC EXTERIOR STAIRS TO UNDERCROFT PORTICO MORTUARY ENTRY CHAPEL NE STRET HILL CEMETERY CHAP SECTION 2 Cemetey Site map SKETCH mAP 1 CHAPEL German Evangelical Protestant Cemetery Chapel, CHAPEL SECTION 3 Cemetery Site map MUELLER Children 207 Clifton neighborhood, Cincinnati, Ohio circa 1850 CLIFTON NEAR CLPTON Historic lithograph of Vine Street Hill Cemetery, circa 1850s-1860s, reprinted 2005 PROTESTaNT SECTION 2 SEOTION E SECTION G lithograph detail, map lithograph detail, vault SECTION 3 ON CARTHAGE ROAD NEAR CLIPTON, satellite photo of Vine Street Hill Cemetery, Cincinnati, Ohio A.

Main entrance, administration building B. Historic chapel C. Founders memorial D. Chapel of Peace and Mausoleum, Chimes tower, Police & Firemen memorial E. Service building Hybrid Map Satellite 1 500 ft. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET NAME : N PDIL: N PERIOD: PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: N SLR DRAFT: N ABSTRACT/ SUMMARY COMMENTS : RECOM. /CRITERIA DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLR Y/N If a nomination is returned to the nominating authority, the nomination is no longer under consideration by the NPS.

DATE 1/16/08 TELEPHONE REVIEWER RETURN MULTIPLE DISCIPLINE PROPERTY 2/29/08 2/19/08 NATIONAL: VACCEPT German Evangelical Protestant Cemetery Chapel DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: DATE RECEIVED: REASONS FOR REVIEW: UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DATE OF 45TH DAY: DATE OF 16TH DAY: APPEAL: N REQUEST: N COMMENT WAIVER: N REQUESTED ACTION: NOMINATION OTHER: SAMPLE: red in toe LESS THAN 5O YEARS: ational Regiate Hamilton Co. OH Hamilton Co, OH 1884 Hamilten Co., OH Hamilton Co, OH Hamittun Co, OH Hamiltan Co., OH Hamilton Co., Olt Hamilten Co., Ot German Evangelical Protestant Cemetey Chapel Photo 12 Humi lten Hamilton Co., Olt Photo 15 Hamilten Co, Olt German Evangelical Protestant Cemetey Chapel CINCINNATI WEST, OHIO CINCINNATI WEST QUADRANGLE 7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC) GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OHIO-HAMILTON CO.

ROAD CLASSIFICATION Chapel Citizens League of Ms. Barbara Powers Ohio Historic Preservation Office Ohio Historical Society567 East Hudson Street Columbus, Ohio 43211-1030 Dear Ms. Powers, This letter is written regarding the nomination of the Vine Street Hill Cemetery Chapel for its inclusion into the National Register of Historic Places, and to inform you that such The Vine Street Hill Cemetery, actually the German Evangelical Protestant Cemetery, is and August Brink, German-American architects, and who also built other historic structures, such as the home of John Hauck, now the Hauck House Museum. The chapel represents an outstanding example of German-American architecture that is adorned with German inscriptions. The building is an historic landmark and a point of interest for historic tours of Cincinnati.

It is extremely important for the German heritage of the region that this chapel receive historic designation that it so richly deserves. The cemetery itself has been indexed some time ago by the Hamilton County Genealogical Society, and draws many to it because of the genealogical and historical value it has for the region, and many have commented on the beauty of the chapel, and the hope that it would receive historic designation status. The German-American Citizens League of Greater Cincinnati was founded in 1895, and represents twenty-five German-American societies in the region, and maintains the German Heritage Museum in Cincinnati. We take great interest and concern for such structures, and strongly support the nomination of the chapel as a German heritage www.gacl.org landmark. Cincinnati.

a major German-American cemetery in Cincinnati, and the chapel constructed by George designation is strongly supported by the German-American Citizens League of Greater REC'D BY OHPO OCT 12 2007 German-American Sincerely, Da Dr. Don Heinrich Tolzmann, President Deutsch-Amerikanische Bürger-Liga im Grossraum Cincinnati - Seit/Since 1895 October