Major Bibliographical References (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) Previous documentation on file (NPS): HPCA #18070 - preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been requested - previously listed in the National Register - previously determined eligible by the National Register _ designated a National Historic Landmark _ recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey _ recorded by Historic American Engineering Record #. Primary location of additional data: x Massachusetts Historical Commission/SHPO _ Other State agency _Federal agency - x Local government . University x Other Name of repository: Westfield Atheneum; Conn. Valley Hist.
Museum, Springfield, MA NPS Form 1 10-900-a 8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE The Sanford Whip Factory, erected in 1883, is an industrial building that retains integrity of mill buildings that were common in Westfield and other manufacturing communities. This simple, brick, Italianate structure is intricately linked with the history of Westfield's whip- making industry, which fueled the city's 19'-century development and gave the city a worldwide reputation. Four of Westfield's whip manufacturers - the Sanford Whip Company, Lay Whip Company, Massasoit Whip Company, and Donovan Brothers --used the building at one time or another for whip manufacturing.
The Sanford Whip building was one of several facilities acquired by the United States Whip Company when it consolidated more than a dozen of Westfield's whip companies in 1892. When the automobile brought about the decline of the whip industry, the Standard Whip Company bought the building and successfully adapted to the changing economy, manufacturing novelties and party favors for nearly seventy years as the Advance Whip and Novelty Company. This simple industrial building with its Italianate windows is a representative example of the type of construction used in Westfield's whip industry, complementing both in style and in history the plants of the United States Whip Company Complex on Main Street (NR 1983), the H. M. Van Deusen Whip Company on Arnold Street (NR 1987), and the Westfield Whip Manufacturing Company at 360 Elm Street (NR 1985).
Colonial Period (1640-1780) When Englishman William Pynchon traveled west from Roxbury, Massachusetts, in 1636 to establish a settlement along the Connecticut River, one of his goals was to establish a fur trade with the natives of the area. The region known as Woronoco or Wauwunockoo (meaning, according to some sources "it is fat hunting" [Dewey, Ancient Westfield, p. 2; Copeland, Vol. 2, p. 321], and "the country with windings" according to other sources [Lockwood, Vol. 1, p. 31]) quickly attracted Pynchon's attention. Nestled between the Westfield or "Great" River and the Little River and surrounded by mountains, Woronoco was a rich source of hides and fish. Woronoco (which eventually became Westfield) soon became the western outpost of the Massachusetts colony.
While the earliest well- (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a 8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page_2_ OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA documented European settlement of the area took place around 1658, evidence indicates that there were trading outposts in Woronoco as early as the 1640s (Everts, p. 939, Dewey Ancient Westfield, p. 4). The native peoples, the Woronocos and Pochassics, members of the Algonquin nation, sold furs and fish to early European traders. Salmon and shad were plentiful in the Westfield and Little Rivers, while Woronoco's forests abounded with fur-bearing game, such as beaver.
The floodplains and escarpments set in the juncture of the Westfield and Little Rivers formed some of Westfield's best agricultural land (Heyl & Hamberg, p. 2). During the late 17" century, Westfield was primarily an agricultural community, producing crops and livestock for its residents' own use as well as raising cattle, which were driven east for the Boston markets. In May 1669, Westfield was incorporated as a town, receiving its name because it was the westernmost settlement in the Massachusetts colony at that time. Early transportation routes generally followed native trails. The oldest route through town appears to have been the north-south road leading from Northampton to Hartford, which passed through Westfield along the route taken by today's routes 10 and 202.
In 1673, the highway to Springfield (now US Route 20) was improved, with a new bridge built across the Westfield River at Frog Hole. Westfield's population at that time was about 150. Early development in Westfield was concentrated near the confluence of the Westfield and Little Rivers. Settlers cultivated the fertile topsoil in the broad meadowlands immediately adjacent to the two rivers. In 1671, Thomas Dewey and other early settlers summoned Edward Taylor (1642-1729), a Harvard-trained minister, to become Westfield's first permanent minister. Edward Taylor was a vital force in Westfield's religious life for nearly sixty years. An English-born and Harvard-educated scholar, Taylor was also a physician who is also recognized as one of America's finest 17th-century poets.
In 1676, when King Philip's War threatened Springfield's outlying settlements, Reverend Taylor was one of several Westfield residents who protested the governor's order to abandon the western settlement and relocate its residents to Springfield's main plantation on the Connecticut River. After 1700, settlement expanded from the center settlement outward. Construction of a new Great River Bridge (Elm Street Bridge) in 1753 improved the link between the north and south sides of the river (the bridge was rebuilt again in 1800, when it became a toll bridge). By 1765, Westfield had 191 houses occupied by 1,324 people. (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a 8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page_3_ OMB Approval No.
1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA Through the 18" century, Westfield's abundant rivers powered gristmills, sawmills, and tanneries. Agriculture continued to supply distant cities as well as local needs. With the close of the Revolution, the town grew quickly, and by 1790, Westfield hosted a population of 2,224. Federal Period (1790-1830) After a late 18"'-century population spurt, growth stalled in Westfield during the first two decades of the 19th century, with the population remaining stable at around 2,100 residents. During most of its early history, Westfield had relied primarily on agriculture for its income. Historian John Lockwood speculates that the brief check in the town's growth may have been due to a shortage of new arable land.
Given the mountains hemming Westfield in to the west and east, much of the best agricultural land was probably already under tillage after nearly a 150 years of settlement (Lockwood, Vol. II, pp. 246-247). Recovery was not long in coming, however. In the early 19" century, Westfield began its transition from an agricultural community into an industrial one. The town's new industrial base evolved around three principal products: whips, cigars, and paper. Early Industrial Period (1830-1870) Transportation, as well as manufacturing, increased Westfield's prosperity. In 1822, Westfield's citizens approved the construction of the Westfield portion of a canal that would join the Farmington (CT) Canal project and create eighty miles of navigable inland waterways opening to Long Island Sound at New Haven (Lockwood, Vol. II, p. 283).
By 1829, the new canal was open from Westfield to New Haven, CT (Lockwood, Vol. II, p. 293). By 1835, the link between Westfield and Northampton was complete. The new canal brought cheap transportation and gave Westfield a direct link to a major shipping port. During the construction of the canal, Westfield's population began to change. Irish immigrants were imported to do the heavy labor of digging and masonry work required for canal construction. Many of them stayed on to work in the new whip and cigar factories. From the 1820s on, Westtield's population would include more and more new ethnic groups (Lockwood, Vol. II, p. 358). In spite of a brief flurry of initial profit, the new canal never achieved its expected success. It was difficult to maintain, and was quickly displaced by the railroad, which used some of the canal beds and rights-of-way (Lockwood, Vol. II, pp. 294-298).
While the canal was still operating for north-south (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page_ OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA transportation, the Western Railroad (later the Boston & Albany) was building an east-west line in the 1840s, opening service from Westfield to Chester in 1841. The Western Railroad linked the town with Springfield to the east and Albany to the west. By 1852, the Northampton & Westfield Railroad had been formed to build a new rail line along the old canal right-of-way.
By 1855, the Canal Railroad (later the Hampshire & Hampden Railroad, and finally the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad) was completed from New Haven to Westfield, although the Northampton branch had not yet been finished. That same year, telegraph service was initiated between Springfield and Westfield (Lockwood, Vol. II, pp. 317-321). Street improvements continued through the mid 19* century. In 1858, brick sidewalks were installed on Elm Street from the Green to the Great River. In 1859 a Park and Tree Committee began planting elms on the Green and along many of the main streets, including the aptly named Elm Street. In 1861, the Westfield Gas Company was founded, producing coal gas to illuminate streetlights, public buildings, factories and residences.
While the town had had fire companies since the 1820s, increasing concerns about public safety prompted the creation of a fire department in 1861 and a police department in 1869. By 1860, Westfield had a population of 5,055. Westfield's primary economic base was still agricultural, but the manufacture of whips and cigars was rapidly taking over as the town's leading income generator. During the Civil War, the town's industrial base included 22 whip companies, nine cigar manufacturers, four paper manufacturers, a foundry, a distillery, two gunpowder manufacturers, Johnson's organ factory, a gas manufacturer, a machine shop, a steam engine factory, and a carriage maker (Harding, Malcolm B., Jr. "Westfield in the Civil War" in Janes & Scott, pp. 183-184). Early Whip Manufacturing The industry that gave Westfield its nickname of the "Whip City" had small beginnings.
Westfield entrepreneurs Titus Pease and Thomas Rose may have had a small whip-making operation as early as 1801, although Joe Jokes is usually given credit with first putting together crude hickory and horsehide whips for market in 1808 (Flahive, Patrick, "Old Industry" in Janes & Scott, pp. 350-356). The 1895 Westfield directory also attributes Westfield's first whip-making operation to Thomas Rose and Titus Pease, who made something called "The Hanchett Whip," "twisted stock whips, made of white oak...covered with black sheepskin. The lash was made of sheepskin of a russet color." According to the directory, Rose and Pease began their work in 1801 (Westfield Directory, 1895, p. 86). (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page_5- OMB Approval No.
1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA boom, when D. L. Farnham visited a Boston whip factory and came back with notes about how he might make a machine for plaiting whips. With Henry Douglas and Samuel Lindsay, Farnham tried to duplicate stocks. Horsehide was also used for the whiplashes (Westfield Directory, 1895, p. 87). Hiram Hull (1796-1861), another Westfield entrepreneur who had been hiring local women and girls to make hand-braided whips since about 1810, followed Farnham's example in 1821, introducing an improved plaiting machine from Providence, Rhode Island. Flahive credits Hull with bringing "scientific whip making" to Westfield. Hull developed a plaiting machine that increased production efficiency and speed.
Around 1850, Hull introduced another innovation, adapting the design of a shoe-lacing machine for whip plaiting and doubling his production ("Old Industry" in Janes & Scott, pp. 350-356). Although Hull was a pioneer in the field, his company was not the largest in town. Competitor Hiram Harrison (b. 1807) had that distinction in the 1850s. Harrison was a Westfield native who became involved in both the whip and cigar-making businesses in his early twenties. Boardman Noble made the products, while Harrison peddled them from town to town. Harrison set up a new shop on the corner of Main and Cross Street, turning it into the largest whip-making business in town. In 1855, Hull and Harrison merged in a partnership that eventually became the American Whip Company, which Harrison headed until his retirement in 1868.
In 1837, when the whip-making industry was just starting to take off, thirteen factories employed 154 men and 410 women. By 1860, Westfield boasted dozens of whip-making factories, earning its reputation as the "Whip City." Westfield's manufacturers were known for producing whips of the highest quality. Raw materials for whip making came from all over the world: rattan from Singapore, rawhide from India, rubber from South America, and whalebone from both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Some companies specialized in making parts for whips, with some making only whip buttons, others making only mountings, braids, snaps, or leather shipping boxes. Westfield whips became a common stock-in- trade for New England's Yankee peddlers. Late Industrial Period (1870-1910) By 1870, Westfield had a population of 6,679, with nearly 15% of them foreign-born.
The town's total population had tripled in the previous hundred years. The largest whip manufacturer, the American (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a 8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page_6_ OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA Whip Company, put out nearly 20,000 whips in a day. The town had 28 whip makers with 600 male and female employees, nearly 10% of the population. Thirty-five cigar-making firms employed 167 men and 64 women. In December 1878, a heavy snowfall followed by a twelve-hour rainstorm swelled the Westfield River.
The dike along the river collapsed in several places, sending floodwaters rushing through downtown Westfield, covering an area bounded by School Street, the Westfield River, Elm Street, and Charles Street with three to ten feet of water. The town recovered, and through the 1880s, Westfield continued to grow. The Great River Bridge was once again rebuilt, and a new dam and dike constructed to channel waterpower to the factories on the river's banks. Telephone lines were installed in 1880. The 1880-81 Westfield Directory describes the town in glowing terms: The village is a lively bustling and thriving place, and wears an air of solid thrift and substantial comfort, while its broad, handsome and well shaded avenues--thickly adorned with stately elms, make it, especially in the mild seasons of the year, a delightfully inviting retreat.
...Westfield is not surpassed by any other village of its size in New England for natural beauty, business enterprise, and congenial society--all of which combine to give promise to a bright and prosperous future (p. 6). Growth of the Whip Industry Although at first glance a very simple object, each mass-produced whip took about 100 separate steps to make.
Picturesque Hampden enumerated the various supplies used in American whip-making: ...a whale, a ship and sailors to hunt it, the gut of the cat, a rattan jungle in India, a hickory grove in his native country, a cotton plantation, mulberry trees and silk worms, a forest of rubber trees, the hide of the buck, fossil gum from Africa, linseed oil, iron, paint, the art of the turner and designer in metal, the tusks of the elephant, gold, silver and various alloys, the hoofs of animals, the product of the flax field, precious stones, the genius of the mechanic in the invention of strange and novel machinery, the acutest business and executive ability....to produce that simple article of trade - a whip (Vol. II, p. 153).
(continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page_7_ OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA The whalebone, which had first formed the core of the whips, had been replaced by rattan, and the barrel loom, which had been such an innovation in the 1820s, had long been replaced by a steam- powered plaiting machine refined over the course of several decades from the one first developed by Hiram Hull. Strips of rattan and rawhide were glued together, sometimes weighted with a piece of iron or steel, and often covered with rubber and vulcanized to create a resilient waterproof coating.
Long thin strips of hide (usually horsehide, sheepskin, or cowhide, but sometimes the skins of exotic animals such as manatees were used) were then machine-plaited around the stock. The whole assembly was varnished, and buttons, ferrules, mountings, and snappers were added before the whip was ready for shipping (Newdick, pp. 59-60). The product was made in a variety of qualities, with prices ranging from as low as 25 cents to as much as $25 for a deluxe model that might incorporate luxury details such as ivory or gold (Mojowski, p. 6). One prominent Westfield whip manufacturer was the Lay Whip Company, established in 1872 as E. R. Lay & Sons. In 1886, the company changed its name to Lay Whip Company and was operated by Edwin R. Lay (b. 1834), Fred E. Lay, and E. A. Herrick. A native of Westfield, Edwin Lay first pursued his father's trade of painter after serving in the Civil War.
In 1871, Lay took up whip making and established the company that bore his name. Lay's company eventually opened a branch at Stanstead, Quebec. Its steam-powered factory at 107 Elm Street in Westfield employed 60 people, producing 250 dozen whips and lashes a day (Leading Manufacturers and Merchants...,p. 288). In 1885, Cornelius Donovan, a son of Irish immigrants who lived on Meadow Street, set up his own lash factory on Elm Street near the corner of Bartlett Street, later moving to Birge Street. Cornelius's brother, John P. Donovan joined the firm, and it became Donovan Brothers. The company remained independent for a few years after many of Westfield's whip makers were bought out by United States Whip in 1892.
From 1897 to 1901, the Donovan brothers' operation was part of the National Manufacturing Company, then in 1901, the Donovan Brothers name reappeared as a branch of the United States Whip Company. That year, Donovan Brothers moved into the Sanford Whip building on Elm Street. George Pirnie (b. 1856), a native of East Chester, NY, moved to Westfield in the 1880s and organized the Massasoit Whip Company in 1888. A graduate of the Franco-American Institute in New York, Pirnie began his business career as a sales representative for the Pratt & Lambert White Lead and Varnish Company. Pirnie worked as vice president of A. C. Barnes Whip Company before forming his own firm. When most of Westfield's whip companies merged less than a decade later, Pirnie became one of the directors of the new company.
Massasoit Whip Company's early officers included former traveling (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page_8_ OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA salesman Henry O. Case and whip maker Harry M. Gowdy. Both Case and Gowdy had worked with Pirnie at A. C. Barnes, with Gowdy serving as treasurer and Case as salesman. By 1889, the Bay State Whip Company had acquired the old Atwater Manufacturing facilities across the street from the Sanford Whip Company, and the Lay Whip Company had built a new facility just to the north of it. The Johnson Organ factory had become home to the A. C. Barnes Whip Company and the Westfield Whip Company. In 1892, Hiram Hull's American Whip Company merged with thirteen other whip manufacturers.
Renamed the United States Whip Company, it became the largest whip company in the world. The Sanford Whip Company, Lay Whip Company, and Massasoit Whip Company were just a few of the businesses bought up by United States Whip. The Company's first officers were president L. R. Norton (president of Hampden National Bank) and treasurer Lewis Parker (a former salesman for American Whip). Although Westfield's town directories continued to list three dozen or so whip companies, most of them were now subsidiaries of United States Whip. The 1895 Westfield Directory listed 37 whip manufacturers, including A. D. Fuller, a maker of toy whips. Twenty-three other companies specialized in various parts for whips, such as snaps, buttons, lashes, and mountings, and the town had one whip importer, probably importing raw materials for whips and exporting the finished products.
In 1895, Westfield's factories were making two-thirds of the whips used in the United States (Westfield Directory, 1895, p. 87). George E. Whipple, formerly head of Peck & Whipple Company, one of the many Westfield whip makers absorbed by United States Whip, became president of the conglomerate around 1899, and managed the company through the early decades of the 20# century. In the 1870s, George Whipple had gotten his start in the whip-mounting factory of his father, J. P. Whipple. The company eventually passed into George's hands, becoming the George E. Whipple Company, before it was acquired by the United States Whip Company. David C. Hull, an 82-year-old son of Hiram Hull, continued to carry on the family business as an employee of the United States Whip Company in 1911 (Newdick, p. 58-61).
Massasoit Whip Company president George Pirnie became one of the new conglomerate's directors, while Sanford Whip Company co-founder Frederick Sanford became treasurer of the new company in 1907. Most of the companies subsumed under the United States Whip Company kept their original names, operating as branches of the parent company. Edwin Sanford managed the Sanford, Lay & Peck, and Whipple divisions of the company, and served on the United States Whip Company's board of directors. Edwin also served as a director of the Hampden National Bank. One of his sons, Ray (b. (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page_9_ OMB Approval No.
1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA 1883), worked for the American Whip division for a few years, while another son, Leigh (1881-1969), held a succession of positions at various United States Whip Company branches before he became treasurer of the United States Whip Company in 1923. New factories continued to move into the north side of Westfield after 1900. The Independent Whip Company moved its factory to North Elm Street in 1902. Organized in 1894 and incorporated in 1895, Independent Whip was one of Westfield's leading whip makers. By 1906, Independent Whip had more than 150 employees. Sanford Whip Company The site of the Sanford Whip Company was previously part of a large parcel owned by Heman Sackett (1784-1851). There was probably a building on the site in 1874, when Heman's son George Sackett (1818-1879) sold the parcel to his niece, Jennie A. Sackett Bacon (b.
1845), the daughter of Heman Sackett, Jr. (1810-1867); George gave Jennie a $25,000 mortgage for the parcel. George Sackett, who lived just a block away on the corner of Sackett and Orange Streets, was himself a whip lash manufacturer. A year later, Jennie again mortgaged the property for $10,000 to the Woronoco Savings Bank. The substantial mortgages seem to indicate that the building was probably a commercial or industrial building rather than a residence (Hampden County Land Records). The 1878 flood wiped out many of the buildings between Orange Street and the river, probably including Jennie A. Sackett Bacon's property on Elm Street. In 1882, Jennie defaulted on her mortgage to the Woronoco Savings Bank. Samuel Horton bought the property at auction, then re-sold it to the bank, which held it for another year. A newcomer to Westfield, Edwin L.
Sanford (1844-1913), and his brother, Fred A. Sanford (b. 1850), decided to try their hand at whip manufacturing. Natives of Windsor, New York, the Sanford brothers began selling whips in New York State. After returning from the Civil War, Edwin worked for the Coburn Company of Windsor, New York, as a traveling salesman. With C. C. Pratt, Leonard Atwater, and W. H. Owen, he organized the firm of Pratt, Atwater, Owen & Company, which later became the Owen-Sanford Company, manufacturing whips from a New York City headquarters. By 1870, Pratt, Atwater, Owen & Company also had a Westfield factory on Elm Street, just across from the site that would become the Sanford Whip Company's home (Beers' Atlas). Younger brother Frederick joined the company after working for a few years as a merchant in Waterbury, Connecticut.
At the same time, Edwin managed the New York office of the American Whip Company. In 1880, Edwin moved to Westfield, and in partnership with his brother Frederick, Lewis H. Lee, former W. (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page_10_ OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA H. Owen & Co. whipmaker Charles J. Bradley, and Lyman L. Sperry, formed the Sanford Whip Company. The company first operated out of a building on Mechanic Street. In 1882, the new company purchased the former Jennie A. Sackett Bacon property on Elm Street from the Woronoco Savings Bank for $1,600.
The next year, the new Sanford Whip Company constructed a 3½-story factory, described by the Springfield Daily Republican as "a model in its conveniences for carrying on the business" (5 Jan 1884, p. 3). (Unfortunately, the article does not list a builder's or architect's name.) Leading Manufacturers and Merchants of Central and Western Massachusetts, an 1886 book promoting Massachusetts businesses, provided a lengthy and flattering description of the company: The factory, located on Elm street, is a four-story brick building 40 x 130 feet in dimensions, and is equipped with the latest improved mechanical appliances, which include over fifty platting [sic] machines, etc.; these are operated by steam-power, and one hundred and twenty-five hands are employed, and some two hundred dozen of whips and lashes of every description are produced daily.
The firm is a pushing and enterprising one, and is one of the most extensive concerns in its line in the country. The firm is represented on the road by a large number of traveling salesmen, and the trade relations of the concern extend to all parts of the world where American-made whips are used. The well-merited reputation of the firm has been acquired by promptness and reliability in all its undertakings (p. 290). The new facility was a utilitarian, gable-front, brick structure, with Italianate-style windows its only ornamentation. The factory included storage areas in basement and attic. One-story ells at the rear housed a coal shed and a horse shed (these ells were removed some time between 1924 and 1947). Shipping, office area, and mounting and varnishing were on the first floor, and covering and finishing were done on the second floor.
Five years later, the attic was used for whip-stock making. The company developed several of its own finishing processes and designs, including "the Celebrated Diamond Finish and the Olecameloid Water-Proof Finish, and...the Celebrated Bull Bone Whips" (Leading Manufacturers..., p.290). By 1887, the new Sanford Whip Company had 100 employees. While the Sanfords were making the transition from Mechanic Street to Elm Street, several other new whip companies were also being organized. Three of them eventually used the Sanford Whip facility at 330 Elm Street. In 1882, the Standard Whip Company was incorporated, with Charles C. Pratt as president, A. J. Comstock as vice president, L. M. Higgins as treasurer, and George A. Phinney as clerk.
Pratt had formerly been a principal of Pratt, Atwater & Owen, the New York whip manufacturer in which Edwin Sanfordhad been involved during his early career and whose factory had been located across Elm (continued) NPSForm 1 10-900-a United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number_8 Page_11_ OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA Street from the site of the Sanford facility before the 1878 flood. In the late 1870s, Pratt left Pratt Atwater & Owen to work for the Hampden Whip Company. Higgins had worked for coal and wooc dealer L. Higgins & Co., and George Phinney had been a whip maker himself.
After the merger with the United States Whip Company in 1892, the Sanford facility at 330 Elm Street appears to have been used for storage; an 1895 Sanborn map shows the building used for "storage of whips," rather than manufacturing. From 1895 to 1899, the Massasoit Whip Company also used the building. Just to the north, another United States Whip Company building had replaced the Barnes Whip Company. By 1905, the Lay branch of the United States Whip Company had joined the Sanford branch at the 330 Elm Street facility. Donovan Brothers, the whiplash manufacturer run by Cornelius (d. 1929) and John Donovan, was also absorbed into United States Whip and moved from its original location on Birge Avenue into the 330 Elm Street building.
Under the Donovan brothers, active whip-making operations were once more underway in the building, with storage on the first floor and attic, creation of rawhide centers on the second floor, and the creation of whip lashes on the third floor. The United States Whip Company facility at 330 Elm Street had dropped the Sanford name by 1907. At that time, the only branch of United States Whip operating at that location was Donovan Brothers. The Sanborn map refers to it as the "leather branch," with storage in the basement and attic, offices, cutting and braiding facilities on the first floor, drying and making of rawhide centers on the second, and finishing and making of leather stocks on the third floor. By 1917, the attic was again being actively used, this time as a drying area for hides before they were processed (Sanborn Atlases, 1905- 1917).
Early Modern Period (1910-1957) During the early 1900s, Westfield began to see itself as a city rather than a town. Business and industry, rather than agriculture, had dominated its economy for several decades. Concerns for civic health, improvement, and beautification prompted the establishment of a town Planning Board in 1914. In 1920, a charter committee successfully presented a proposal to Westfield voters, and the towr officially became a city, with a population of 18,604 (Adams, James R. "Westfield History 1920-1940" in Janes & Scott, pp. 304-305). (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page_12_ OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA development pressures and automobile traffic.
In 1921, Westfield's electric system was extended to the Little River, Wyben, and Mundale areas, and the Southwick and Southampton Highway (MA Route 10) was completed. Main Street was repaved, bridges at Main Street, Pochassic Street, Mundale, and Shaker Village were repaired, and all steel bridges painted. By 1924, Westfield had 118 miles of roads and streets. Only two miles were paved, and fifteen miles were macadamized (not counting state roads). In 1920, Westfield's new mayor faced a severe challenge. By the end of World War I, the industries that had fostered Westfield's growth were struggling to survive. The coming of the automobile made the whip industry obsolete (Heyl & Hamberg, p. 15).
Although Westfield's City Directory still listed 46 whip makers and whip-related businesses, 27 of them were branches of the United States Whip Company; the total number of independent whip makers was about half of what it had been 40 years earlier. By 1928, production had decreased to about two million whips a year, a fraction of what it had been before the coming of the automobile (Sawyer, Richard I., "Harold Martin Keeps Whip Industry Thriving" undated article from Westfield Athenaeum "Whip Industry" Vertical File). Ten years later, only seven whip makers remained in business. By fall of 1921, about 15 % of Westfield's male population was unemployed. Industrial activity through the 1920s was mixed, as manufacturers throughout New England began to feel pressure from companies taking advantage of cheaper, non-union labor in the South.
Some companies moved South; others closed altogether. Referring to the recent "industrial depression," in January 1922, Mayor Searle noted that revenues from water bills had fallen off because the consumption of water had declined with the closing of some factories. The city almoner commented that the industrial depression had strained the poor relief resources, with 565 persons needing assistance due to unemployment (Westfield Town Report, 1921-22). In 1927, a national building slowdown affected local manufacturers and the plants began to reduce work weeks and layoff workers. By 1930, with the onset of the Great Depression, more than 800 men were out of work in Westfield. City Almoner Morrell H. Moore noted that providing relief to the unemployed was growing more and more difficult as cases became more numerous.
In March 1931, a policy was established to require men to do some work in exchange for receiving relief funds. The city revived its Unemployment Commission with highway and forestry projects. But ever-decreasing tax revenues could not support the proposed public works projects. By 1931, Westfield hovered on the brink of bankruptcy, having spent its reserves on highway projects to relieve the unemployment problem. Two thousand residents were on relief. As residents and businesses failed, their taxes went unpaid. There was no money for new expenditures and the city went into receivership. (continued) NPS Form 110-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page_13_ OMB Approval No.
1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA Major floods in 1936 and 1938 hit Westfield and the rest of Hampden County hard. While the rising Westfield River closed the Great River Bridge in both cases, damage along Elm Street appears to have been limited. High winds in the 1938 hurricane smashed plate-glass windows in Elm Street businesses and knocked down power lines and telephone poles. The worst flooding occurred to the east of the central business district, along Meadow Street and the eastern end of Main Street, to the west along upper Franklin Street, and on the north side of the river in the lower Union Street area. The 1936 flood washed out the Westfield River dam at the Great River Bridge, and it was never replaced. The Sanford Whip Factory narrowly escaped serious damage. Like most communities, Westfield made a turnaround with the coming of World War II.
The war years brought some jobs back to town, although a few businesses had to cut production because they could not get materials. The surplus of workers quickly became a shortage. Stanley Home Products expanded, taking over the former Textile Manufacturing Company plant on North Elm Street; bicycle manufacturer Columbia Manufacturing shifted to bomb making and won an Army-Navy E Award for its war production, an accomplishment quickly repeated by American Abrasive. United States Whip Company (U.S. Line Company) went from making fishing lines to producing nylon and silk cord for parachutes and silk and nylon surgical sutures. After the war, Westfield's manufacturing sector seemed diverse and prosperous. Producers of boilers, radiators, bicycles, and paper products were still going strong, as were textile and thread manufacturers.
Other products included brushes, mops, fish lines, celluloid products, brick, boxes, grinding wheels and abrasives, hardware, greeting cards, precision tools, plumbing supplies, electrical motors, and even prefabricated houses. Brick, lumber, and woodworking products were also being made, and the city's marble quarries were still in business. Decline of Whip Manufacturing In the first years of the 20# century, whip making was still a large concern in Westfield. The automobile was regarded as a passing fad and had not yet overtaken the horse and buggy as America's primary mode of transportation. In 1902, 62 factories were making 20 million whips a year. By 1911, Westfield was making about 85% of the world's whips, with nearly half of that production dominated by the United States Whip Company. The New England Whip Company followed in second place.
By 1919, the United States Whip Company alone accounted for 85% of the world's production, with an output of 30,000 whips per day, and the town's entire production amounted to 99% of the whips made in the world (Plummer, p. 84). The United States Whip Company not only owned most of the Westfield factories, but also a plant in Sidney, OH. The company continued to absorb smaller (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page _14_ OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA competitors.
At its peak, United States Whip had consolidated American Whip Company, Bay State Whip Company, Buckeye Whip Company, Clark & Noyes Company, Coburn Whip Company, Consolidated Whip Company, Continental Whip Company, Cook & Parker, Cowles & Horan Whip Company, Donovan Brothers, Independent Whip Company, Lay Whip Company, Massasoit Whip Company, James H. Miliken & Son, National Whip Company, Peck & Whipple Company, Sanford Whip Company, Searle Whip Company, Smith-Lockwood Manufacturing Company, Specialty Whip Company, Tipp Whip Company, Underwood Whip Company, Washington Whip Company, Westfield Whip Company, Geo.E. Whipple Company, Woodbury Whip Company, and the World Whip Company. By the 1910s, electricity began to supplant steam as a source of power for Westfield's whip factories.
The New England Whip Company, one of the few competitors to United States Whip that had not yet been assimilated, used electrical power exclusively by 1911. The Standard Whip Company, founded in 1865, was another manufacturer that had managed to remain independent. In 1910, it built a new factory across Elm Street from the old Sanford Whip facility, with J. C. McCarthy as its president and general manager and Charles J. Rooney as treasurer and sales manager (Newdick, pp. 61-62). In 1910, the Franklin Whip Company was formed by John T. Sullivan and Mary A. Rickey, operating from a facility on Meadow Street, not far from Donovan Brothers' Elm Street plant. Mary Rickey headed the company for nearly ten years, an unusual job for a woman at that time.
In 1919, Franklin Whip closed and Rickey went to work for Standard Whip at 278 Elm Street, rising from forewoman to president of the company in five years. While its competitors struggled and failed in the face of the new automobile industry, the Independent Whip Company regrouped and turned the change to its advantage, manufacturing automobile accessories from spark plugs and tools to lamps and veneers. The United States Whip Company also found ways to apply whip-making technology to other fields. In 1923, it established the U.S. Line Company, manufacturing fishing lines, applying braiding techniques to finely spun silk instead of rawhide. A few years later the company set up the United States Golf Manufacturing Company, which made golf equipment until about 1934. Warren Thread Company, which had made threads for winding whip stocks, began making thread for automobile upholstery.
By 1926, only thirty-seven Westfield residents were still employed at whip making (Industries of Massachusetts, p. 140). By 1950, there was only one whip manufacturer left in the city. One of the properties disposed of by the United States Whip Company was the Donovan Brothers Leather Plant (the old Sanford Whip Company building) at 330 Elm Street. In 1924, after the United States Whip Company's directors voted that the Donovan building was no longer needed, the (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page_15_ OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA plant was sold to Standard Whip Company. Standard Whip had been easing itself out of the whip usiness for several years.
In 1915, the company set up the Advance Whip and Novelty Company as subsidiary, naking novelties rather than whip By 1924, Standard Whip had ceased whip making entirely and was manufacturing novelties under its own name and under the names ofAdvance Whip and Novelty Company and Bay State Novelty Company. For the next seventy years, the company would produce party favors, novelties for carnivals, fairs, and bingo games, and other amusement paraphernalia. Shortly after the sale, Standard Whip forewoman Mary A. Rickey became company president. Secretary/treasurer was Charles Rooney (d. 1936), while the company's clerk was Elizabeth Rooney (probably Charles's daughter). Elizabeth succeeded her father as treasurer upon his death in 1936 and remained in that position until she moved away in 1946. Donovan Brothers moved to the United States Whip Company's headquarters at 24 Main Street.
Standard Whip eventually dropped both the Standard and Bay State names and became known as Advance Whip and Novelty Company until the business folded in 2000. In the 1940s, whip manufacturing even made a small-scale comeback when former mayor and newspaperman Harold Martin opened the Westfield Whip Manufacturing Company at 44 Court Street in 1945, later moving to the former A. G. Barnes/Cargil, Cleveland & Calne Whip Company factory at 360 Elm Street. Upon taking over the Cargil business, Martin discovered more than one million dollars in back orders, giving him hope that he could continue in the whip industry, now as a specialty product for horsemen and women and the cattle industry, rather than a commonplace transportation and agricultural accessory.
Martin drew upon the accumulated experience of many of Westfield's old-time whip makers and improved upon it by streamlining the manufacturing process, and eventually adopting synthetics like fiberglass and nylon. By 1948, the Westfield Whip Manufacturing Company had no competitors left in town (Mojowski, pp. 13-14). Westfield's major manufacturers in the 1950s included 19t-century carryovers like Advance Whip & Novelty Company, Foster Machine Company (textile machinery), John S. Lane & Sons (gravel), H. B. Smith, United States Whip (d.b.a. U.S. Line Company), Vitrified Wheel Company, and W. Warren Thread Works (now making sewing threads). Some of the major industrial players that had been added to the mix in the previous fifty years included American Abrasive, Kellogg Brush Manufacturing, Strathmore Paper, Old Colony Envelope, Stanley Home Products, Sterling Radiator, and Stevens Paper.
However, the city lost a major employer when Stanley Home Products moved to Easthampton in 1947, leaving only its business offices in Westfield. (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-2 Natiodas Par Derarement of the Interior National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page_16_ OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA Recent history (since 1958) Westfield's commercial sector managed to hold on through the 1950s and 1960s. In 1952, manufacturing was still the community's leading employer, with about 59% of residents working in factories. In 1963, the city adopted a new Master Plan, which emphasized continuing industrial growth. The city's residents were doing fairly well compared to their neighbors; the employment rate and median income were both higher than in the nearby cities of Chicopee, Springfield, and Holyoke.
The consultant who prepared the report was impressed by the city's industrial stability, commenting, "It has preserved itself as a city of permanent residents engaged in industries which are a part of the city, not thrust upon it by world situations" (Davis, p. A-7). The Master Plan emphasized protecting and upgrading existing industries, attracting new manufacturers, and increasing the city's retail sector. The commercial corridor along Elm Street was slated for designation as a business zone, with industrial uses prohibited. Although existing manufacturers in the central business district would be grandfathered, the zoning recommended in the Master Plan (and eventually adopted by the city) prohibited any new industrial development there. Westfield's downtown was, however, spared the wholesale demolition typical of urban renewal plans of the 1960s.
In the 1960s and 1970s, the city's population jumped more than 5,000 residents each decade, going from 20,962 in 1950 to 26,302 in 1960, to 31,433 in 1970, to 36,465 in 1980. The increase appears to have been due to a combination of new immigrants and suburban transplants from surrounding communities, rather than just from an increase in the birth rate. The 1963 Master Plan noted that nearly half of the 1950-1960 population growth had been from in-migration, and the trend continued through the next few decades. Nearly a tenth of city's residents were foreign-born, with Polish immigrants making up about a third of this number and the city's Puerto Rican population forming a significant new immigrant community (Davis). However, Westfield's historic downtown continues to struggle in the face of suburban commercial development.
Since the 1970s, city planners have targeted the downtown area for redevelopment. Downtown renovation projects resulted in the installation of brick sidewalks and Victorian-style street lamps and the creation of municipal parking lots to the rear of Elm Street business buildings. Kane Park, across the street from the Sanford Whip Factory, was upgraded in 1988 with new benches and in 2000 received a new planter and landscaping. (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number_ 8 Page_ _17_ OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA Industry still makes up a large proportion of the city's business sector. Most new industrial and (Westfield 5 Year Action Plan).
Relics of the Whip Industry In the 1980s, a growing interest in historic preservation and in Westfield's industrial heritage led to the nomination of three whip-manufacturing sites to the National Register of Historic Places: the United States Whip Company Complex (24 Main Street), the H. M. Van Deusen Whip Company building (42 Arnold St), and the Westfield Whip Manufacturing Company building (360 Elm). A series of arson fires in August of 1989 damaged the offices of the state-owned Westfield Veterans' Pool on Smith Avenue, the Day Lumber Company on South Broad Street, and the first floor of the Advance Whip and Novelty Company. The Whip Company building suffered $85,000 worth of damage.
(The present aluminum windows on the front façade and the aluminum entry porch with open scrollwork pillars were probably part of the 1989 repairs.) In 2000, the Advance Whip and Novelty Company closed, and the building was sold to JAV Family Limited Partnership. The building was again threatened by fire in 2003, when arsonists burned down the vacant Vitrified Wheel factory to the rear of the Advance Whip and Novelty building. (Vitrified Wheel had been replaced by the Waltham Grinding Wheel Company, which had closed in 1992.) While a nearby house was destroyed by the blaze, the Advance Whip and Novelty building was not damaged. In 2001, the Community Development Corporation began to look at the area around the Advance Whip Company property as part of a proposed riverfront revitalization district.
A rail trail and river walkway would provide green space, while it was proposed that the Advance Whip and Novelty Company Building be made into a cultural center and the nearby Westfield Whip Manufacturing Company become a museum. An open air market, an amphitheater, and riverside café were also proposed. JAV Family Limited Partnership held the Advance Whip and Novelty Company property for five years before transferring it to Domus, Inc. (a nonprofit development corporation) in 2005. The Domus proposal for the Advance Whip and Novelty Company building includes twenty-one units of housing, with fifteen single-room occupancy units and six one-bedroom apartments, to provide much-needed (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page_18_ OMB Approval No.
1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA housing for homeless, disabled, and low-income residents, all identified as underserved in the city's recent five-year action plan. The Sanford Whip Company building is a surviving remnant of Westfield's signature industry. National Register listing would complement the three other whip-related properties in Westfield, which were listed in the 1980s. Rehabilitation of the property will not only preserve a portion of Westfield's industrial heritage but will also address a critical housing shortage in the city. Archaeological Significance Historic archaeological resources described above may contribute important information towards a complete land-use history of the nominated property and manufacturing activities at the Sanford Whip Factory.
Historical research and archaeological survey and testing may contribute evidence of an earlier 19t*-century building located on the property prior to 1883, when the Sanford Whip Factory was constructed. Archaeological testing might also contribute evidence of flooding and erosion on the property that could have destroyed any evidence of an earlier structure. Archaeological testing may also confirm or reject hypotheses generated by documentary evidence that the earlier potential structure was a commercial or industrial building rather than a residence. Structural evidence and detailed analysis of the contents of occupational-related features may contribute important information related to the function of the earlier structure, manufacturing activities, and relationship, if any, to the Sanford Whip Company.
Structural evidence from the rear ells, removed between 1924 and 1947, and potential outbuildings may contribute important evidence related to the extent and function of manufacturing activities associated with the Sanford Whip Company during its period of operation. Detailed analysis of the contents of industrial trash areas may contribute important evidence related to where various stages in the manufacturing process were conducted, raw materials that were used, and changes in the types of products that were produced. The contents of occupational-related features may also contain important evidence related to the social, cultural, and economic characteristics of mill employees and working conditions at the mill. Historical and archaeological evidence may contribute important information related to the ethnicity of workers at the mill and the changing ethnic heritage of Westfield.
(end) NPS Form 1 10-900-2 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number_2 Page_!- OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA BIBLIOGRAPHY Agricola Corporation. Historic Preservation Certification Application for Sanford Whip Factory, Feb 2006. Atlas of Hampden County, Massachusetts. Springfield, Massachusetts: Richards Map Co., 1912. Atlas of Surveys - Hampden County, Massachusetts. Springfield, Massachusetts: L.J. Richards & Co., 1894. Atlas of Westfield Town, Massachusetts, 1884 (photostatic copy at Westfield Athenaeum, no place of publication listed.) Ballantine, John. "Westfieldiana." Typescript transcribed from Westfield Journal and Democratic Herald, 10 Sep 1833-8 Sep 1835. Bates, William G.
"Pictures of Westfield as It Was." Typescript transcribed from Western Hampden Times 17 Mar 1869-3 Aug 1870. Transcription project of National Youth Administration, Apr 1936. Beers, F.W. Beers' Atlas of Hampden County. New York: Beers, Ellis & Soule, 1870. Brady, Laurence, compiler. "Whip Industry Genealogical Notes." (Typescript at the Westfield Athenaeum, compiled 2006) Connecticut Valley Historical Museum. Vertical File SPFD F.1--Westfield. Copeland, Alfred Minot, Ed. A History of Hampden County, Massachusetts. Century Memorial Publishing Co., 1902. Davis, Nord W. Master Plan for the City of Westfield. Typescript at the Westfield Planning Department, 1963. _ "An Authentic History of Westfield, Massachusetts," 1919. In Connecticut Valley Historical Museum Manuscript Vertical File F.1 - Westfield _ "Historical Map of the Original Settlement." 1905.
(continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number_ 2 Page_2_ OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA _.History of Ancient Westfield, 1892-93. (Typescript) Westfield, Massachusetts, circa 1905. Transcription project of National Youth Administration, May 1936. . "Old Landmarks." Typescript transcribed from Westfield Times and News Letter, 2 Jan 1895-6 Oct 1897. Edwin and Frederick Sanford biographical essays from: Encyclopedia of Massachusetts. Boston: The American Historical Society, 1916, Vol.13, pp. 159-161. Everts, Louis H. History of the Connecticut Valley in Massachusetts, with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Some of its Prominent Men and Pioneers. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1879.
George Pirnie biographical essay from: Encyclopedia of Massachusetts. Boston: The American Historical Society, 1916, Vol. 13, pp. 149-150. Goldthwait, J. H., engraver. A Plan of Westfield from the Survey of 1831. 1834 (Photocopy held by Westfield Athenaeum.) Griffenhagen & Associates. City of Westfield: Report on the City Government. Vol. VI: The School System and Library, 31 Jan 1940. Hampden County Registry of Deeds Records. Heyl, Scott P.., and Hamberg, Lee David. Historic Building Survey of Westfield, Massachusetts, Jul 1984. Holland, Yrasiain, aild Ber Kihiter of We s, pa Mlas Sphringricid, MaSsahises or Samuden. Hepehie, 1855. Industries of Massachusetts. Boston, Mass.: Associated Industries of Massachusetts, 1928. Janes, Edward C., and Scott, Roscoe S., editors. Westfield Massachusetts, 1669-1969: The First Three Hundred Years.
Westfield, Massachusetts: Westfield Tri-Centennial Association, Inc., 1968. Kiwanis Club of Westfield. "This is Our City: Westfield, Massachusetts." Westfield, Mass.: Kiwanis Club of Westfield, 1957. (continued) NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) Natied s Paes Deparement of the Interior National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 9 Page_3_ OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA Leading Manufacturers and Merchants of Central and Western Massachusetts. New York: International Publishing Co., 1886. Lockwood, Reverend John H., D.D. Westfield and Its Historic Influences: 1669-1919. Springfield, Massachusetts: Springfield Printing and Binding Company, 1922. Western Massachusetts: A History 1636 - 1925. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, Inc., 1926. Mojowski, Andrew.
"The history of Whip manufacturing in Westfield, Massachusetts." Student paper for Westfield State College, Dec 1997. Newdick, Edwin W. "The Whip City of the World," Western New England, Vol. 1, No. 3, Feb 1911, pp. 53-62. Picturesque Hampden. Northampton, Massachusetts: Picturesque Publishing Company, 1892. Pioneer Valley Planning Commission. Westfield River Greenway Plan, Jun 1990. Pitoniak, Stephen J., Sr. Western Massachusetts History: The Westfield Area. Westfield, Massachusetts: Stephen J. Pitoniak, Sr., 1970. Plan of Westfield. Westfield, Massachusetts: H. B. Smith Co., Inc., 1870. Plummer, Edgar, ed. Westfield Welcome Home Celebration: Official Souvenir: August 31-September 1,2, 1946. Westfield, Mass.: E.H. Plummer, 1946. Westfield's Quarter Millennial Anniversary Official Souvenir. Westfield, Mass.: Westfield's 250t Anniversary Association, 1919. Roberts, George S.
Historic Towns of the Connecticut River Valley. Schenectady, New York: Robson & Adee, 1906. Seymour, Keith M. The Descendants of Thomas Hanchett. San Francisco: Keith M. Seymour, 1985. Springfield Daily Republican annual building report, 5 Jan 1884, p. 3. (continued) NPSForm 1 10-900-2 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 9 Page_4_ OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA Springfield Daily Republican. Various articles about 1936 and 1938 floods, 13-15 Mar, 1936; 21-25 Sep 1938. Springfield Republican and Union-News. Various articles about Domus, Inc., Advance Whip Company property, and about community development in Westfield, 1980-2006. Stiles, Chester D. A History of the Town of Westfield. Westfield, Massachusetts: J. D. Cadle & Co., 1919. Vogt, C.
H., lithographer. "Westfield 1875." (Bird's-eye drawing) Milwaukee, 1875. Walling, Henry F. Map of Hampden County, Massachusetts. Boston: H.A. Haley, 1855. "Whip Industry." Westfield Athenaeum Vertical File. Westfield Athenaeum. Images of America: Westfield. Vol. I & II. Dover, New Hampshire: Arcadia Publishing, 1996-1997. Westfield-Barnes Airport Master Plan, 2004. Westfield (Mass.). Community Development Department. Westfield 5 Year Consolidated Action Plan, 2004-2009, (including annual performance and evaluation reports and annual action plan updates). Westfield town and city directories Westfield, Hampden County, Massachusetts. New York: Sanborn Map Company, 1884-1947. Westfield Jubilee: A Report of the Celebration at Westfield, Massachusetts on the 200th Anniversary of the Incorporation of the Town, October 6, 1869. Westfield, Massachusetts: Clark & Story, Publishers, 1870.
Westfield (Mass.). School Committee. Report of the School Committee of Westfield for the year 1836- 37, 1854-56, 1861-62, 1865-72, 1873-90, 1894-1903. Westfield Newsphoto: Westfield's Own Modern Newsmagazine. 28 Sep-11 Nov 1936. (continued) (VPS Form 1 10-900-2 Jnited States Department of the Interiol National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 9 Page__5- OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA Westfield Town and City Annual Reports, 1904-1964. Weygant, Charles H. The Sacketts of America, their Ancestors and Descendants 1630-1907. Newburgh, New York: Journal Print, 1907. "Whip Company Official Dies," Springfield Union, 11 Jun 1913, p. 10. (end) SANFORD WHIP FACTORY Name of Property 10.
Geographical Data Acreage of Property - less than one acre ITM References See continuation sheet Place additional UTM references on a continuation shee 1. Zone 18 Easting 686180 Northing 4666820 _ See continuation sheet Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) see attached see attached 11. Form Prepared By name/title Michele Plourde-Barker & Gregory Farmer (consultants) with Betsy Friedberg, NR Director, MHC organizationMassachusetts Historical Commission _date _October 2008 street & number_220 Morrissey Boulevard .telephone 617-727-8470 city or town Boston _state.
Massachusetts zip code_02125-3314 Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: Continuation Sheets Maps A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. A sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Photographs - Representative black and white photographs of the property. Additional items (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) Property Owner (Complete this item at the request of the SHPO or FPO.) name Domus, Inc. street & number _ 4 School St. telephone 413-568-4494 state MA city or townWestfield zip code 01085 Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings.
Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.). Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including the time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Project (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503. NPS Form 1 10-900-a (8-86) National Par Derartment of the Interior National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 10 Page_! OMB Approval No.
1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA Boundary Description The boundary begins at an iron pin on the west side of Elm Street and the Northeast corner of 330 Elm Street, and runs west 206.6 feet to an iron pin, then runs south 69.5 feet, then east 208.2 feet to Elm Street, thence north along the west side of Elm Street 76.5 feet to the place of beginning. Boundary Justification The boundary for the nominated property is the same as the boundary for the building lot on which the structure stands. (end) VPS 50 1 10.900-2 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Photographs Page_'- Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA Sanford Whip Factory Photographer: Michele Plourde-Barker 330 Elm St.
Date: October 2006 Westfield, Hampden County, Massachusetts Location of Negatives: Domus, Inc. Photo# 1. Exterior view of Sanford Whip Co., showing south and east elevations. 2. Exterior view of Sanford Whip Co., showing east and north elevations. 3. Exterior view of Sanford Whip Co., showing south and east elevations. 4. Exterior view of Sanford Whip Co., showing west and south elevations. 5. Interior view of Sanford Whip Co. - basement level looking southeast. 6. Interior view of Sanford Whip Co. - 1" floor office area, looking northeast. 7. Interior view of Sanford Whip Co. - 1$ floor production area, looking northeast. 8. Interior view of Sanford Whip Co. - 2nd floor production area, looking northeast. 9. Interior view of Sanford Whip Co. - 3" floor production area, looking southwest. 10. Interior view of Sanford Whip Co. - 3d floor production area, looking southwest. 11.
Interior view of Sanford Whip Co. - attic storage area, looking west. NVPSForm 1 10-900-2 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Photographs Page_2_ OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Sanford Whip Factory Westfield (Hampden), MA Attachments a) Assessors Map (Map 57, Parcel 71 - 330 Elm St.), City of Westfield GIS (2006) b) Sanford Whip Co. from Sanborn Insurance Maps (1884) c) Sanford Whip Co. from Sanborn Insurance Maps (1895) d) Map of Westfield from Richards, Atlas of Hampden County (1894) e) Sanford Whip Co. from Sanborn Insurance Maps (1905) f) Map of Westfield from Richards, Atlas of Hampden County (1912) g) United States Whip Co. (Sanford Whip Co.) from Sanborn Insurance Maps (1917) h) Advance Whip & Novelty Co. (Sanford Whip Co.) from Sanborn Insurance Maps (1924) i) Advance Whip & Novelty Co.
(Sanford Whip Co.) from Sanborn Insurance Maps (1924 with updates to 1947) j) View of Sanford Whip Factory from Leading Manufacturers and Merchants of Central and Western Massachusetts (1886). k) Photograph of Advance Whip & Novelty Co. (Sanford Whip Factory), 1978 I) Advertisement for Advance Whip & Novelty Co. from Westfield City Directory (1950). (End of photographs and attachments) 145.53 1.02 AC 147.9 108.33 107.95 23.31 69.07 57-73 0.46 AC 218.48 57-93 0.47 AC 57-75 0.57 AC 333.33 332.33 708 7p 2 76(S) 70.98 56398 6S.07 57-64 0.10 AC 165 62.06 EMERYI 57-63 0.09 AC 115(5) LST 62.19 23.11 85(S) 20g -67 115.1 57-71 0.36 AC 57-72c 207.88 283.55 COWLES CT 52.62 98.6 112.53 57124 140.79 51.94 61.94 @bdabrar Cay of Wistfiitd, MA, makira no warraste at neprisentation as do tha aocuracy tineliness or compietoneas of any of the dasa.
The Cly of Westfeis, MA, shalt nave no labilty for the data orlock thereof or ary decision made or action saoen or nos taken in teéance upon any of the data City of Westfield - GIS 57-61 0.32 AC 218.65 92.51 87992 57-62 0.14 AC 67.88 57628 57-70 0.13 AC 52.56 76.5 33.05 ELM ST 8 100 MEADOW ST KANEPARK So 200 Feet SPECIALS WESTFIELD MASS. 16965pY SANBORN MAP & PUBLISHING CO. CALE-SOFT.TO JULY*1884 , 1894, BY THES DN MaP & PUBLASHING CO. uño Niternarta- AVE MECHANIC ST. 7é're Feom 10 co MEADOW M &BARTLETS HHIP STOCH FACTY ELM ORANGE P SWeET WHIP 12 .M :26 1C0.782 Westfield, Hampden County, Massachusetts. New York: Sanborn Map Company, 1884. (Sanford Whip Factory outlined above) Westfield River. RE Co 3 MAR. 1895 WESTELELD GAS LIGHT Co. 53 11 Bleres CALLAN T. KNETLESOn AV C :63 00 DWIGH COMLES smmraño ntie ta.
-SACKET 4/ ELM - - -÷ 12 1400 MERRICK LuMBER Co -ORANGE- 25 MAPtE-4re scale gf Peet. Westfield, Hampden County, Massachusetts. New York: Sanborn Map Company, 1895. (Sanford Whip Factory outlined above) STM.RAIL ICAR MO ST 104 N. TWATER * .001A3389 8 VIg - 1a /00/c /g MOSELEY UN WESTFIELD DYKE 83/1s COLFA BELMONT SeTe R8BS! INcou Té de 00co DYKE CONN KING BypA BIBG -ERY Westfield, Mass., 1894 from Atlas of Surveys - Hampden County, Massachusetts. Springfield, Massachusetts: L.J. Richards & Co., 1894, plates 52-53 Copyright: L.J. Richards & Co., 1894 From the Atlas and Map Collection of the Connecticut Valley Historical Museum 1905 WESTFIELD MASS 54 OIKe. -SACKETT - 53 ORANGE WESTFIELO GRS & ELEC. LIGHT Wis Soft Cal Pue n AEAELIAR 12 EMERT srete seod ELM Westfield, Hampden County, Massachusetts. New York: Sanborn Map Company, 1905.
(Sanford Whip Factory outlined above) PLATGROUND SURTIS PLATE DO RIVER BU FARM, SEE PLATE 6 Westfield, Massachusetts, 1912. From Richards Atlas of Hampden County, 1912, Plate 7. Copyright: Richards Map Co., 1912 From the Atlas and Map Collection of the Connecticut Valley Historical Museum. (Sanford Whip Factory outlined above) 2 Westf 1 d River DEC. 1917 WESTFIELD MASS. WESTFIELD LIGHi«k ELECTRIC LIGHT WORKS* -GAS NOLDER 53 PROPERTY DWIGHT 3 14 :p0-. SACKETT X 52 12sneo aNEO LFA Co. LUMBER SHED To ORANGE 5 ..krezy Siale of Feet. Westfield, Hampden County, Massachusetts. New York: Sanborn Map Company, 1917. (Sanford Whip Factory outlined above) est R: ve (1673) 2 JUNE1924 WESTFIELD MASS. ud Fuiter WesriEtd SELC RIC LIGHT WORKS TL: CON 9- SuEo GAS tOLOEn ® 53 126 .- SACKETT 4:EUF...
.4 KePE DWIGHT Jstonce wate RYoeT To COURI ELM 3 52 12 ZUMBERSHEL MErrIcK LumBer ('smD! LUMESER SHEO --ORANGE 4.IPRE. Scale of Feet. 5 Westfield, Hampden County, Massachusetts. New York: Sanborn Map Company, 1924. (Sanford Whip Factory outlined above) .MASS 531 West r i e ONVEN ELECTRIC LGHT Waers ..AMePE.g CKPC- GAS HODER GRS HOLDER WESTERA MASS. ELEc. Caz (1673) 2 JUNE1924 WESTFIELD MAss. MLeD TARD *-- SACKETT @ % 10 STALLS CARALL calle STEWR 126 S COURT p CT 16 DWIGHT 52 ELM ...4.2Y eer.. 3 STGE ,siar 2808- SIBL ---ORANGE (c.0) MENTT GENL. STat. 14.K0PE. Westfield, Hampden County, Massachusetts. New York: Sanborn Map Company, 1924 with 1947 updates. (Sanford Whip Factory outlined above) EÒAMELOIO SANFORD WHIP CO.
CHOCAD Engraving of Sanford Whip Factory from Leading Manufacturers and Merchants of Central and Western Massachusetts. New York: International Publishing Co., 1886, p. 290. (Not particularly realistic!) CARNIVAL BAZAAR BINGO SUPPLICS BEERWOOD Sanford Whip Factory building (Advance Whip & Novelty Company) 330 Elm Street, Westfield, MA Built in 1883 Scanned from a 1978 snapshot from the collection of the Westfield Athenaeum. ncT 70 Banks,-Bazaar and Carnival Supplies WESTFIELD DIRECTORY-1950 37 WESTFIELD CO-OPERATIVE BANK Chartered December 13, 1881 OFFICERS Pavid H. Comstock, Pres. William L. Wallis, Treas. Herbert S. Eaton, Vice Pres. Gertrude Andras, Asst. Treas. 10 Elm Street PHONE 633 :: Westfield ADVANCE WHIP & NOVELTY CO., INC. - Wholesale Jobbers - BAZAAR AND CARNIVAL SUPPLIES - DANCE FAVORS HINCO EQUIPMENT AND PRIZES - NOISEMAKERS PREMIUM MERCHANDISE - NOVELTIES-HATS U. S.
FLAGS - SPORT TROPHIES AN0 Ehm Street Telephone 566 Westfield, Mass. The City Directory Nees not compete with any other advertising medium, but mupplements and complements all other forms of mer- eantile publicity. itelligent Directory Advertising describes desirable mer- elimulise uttractively and directs you to the door of the mun who has it for sale.
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET REQUESTED ACTION: NOMINATION PROPERTY Sanford Whip Factory NAME: MULTIPLE NAME: STATE & COUNTY: MASSACHUSETTS, Hampden DATE RECEIVED: 10/28/08 DATE OF 16TH DAY: 12/04/08 DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: REFERENCE NUMBER: 08001176 DATE OF PENDING LIST: 11/19/08 DATE OF 45TH DAY: 12/11/08 REASONS FOR REVIEW: APPEAL: N DATA PROBLEM: N LANDSCAPE: N LESS THAN 50 YEARS: OTHER: N REQUEST: N PDIL: PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: SAMPLE: N SLR DRAFT: N NATIONAL: COMMENT WAIVER: N VACCEPT RETURN ABSTRACT/SUMMARY COMMENTS : REJECT 12.10-0SDATE Entered in The National Register of Historic Places RECOM.
/CRITERIA - REVIEWER DISCIPLINE TELEPHONE DATE DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLR Y/N If a nomination is returned to the nominating authority, the nomination is no longer under consideration by the NPS. Sanford Whip Co, 830 K/m 5t; Wuestfield, mA Phats Ir South and east elevations Sanford Whip Co, 330 Elm 67, Westfield, M1 Phats 2: Fast and north elevation. Sanfond. Whip Co, 330 Elan 87, Westfield, M1 Phots 3: South and enst elevations. LLLN Sanford Whip Co., 330 Kln 67. Westfield, Mt Photo 4: West and south elevatims Sanford Whip Co, 330. Ela St., Westfrold, MA. Photo 5: Aasemant level lookiy SE Sanford Whip Co; 330 Elm S7. Westfied, Mz. Phato 6: yst floor office aven, lodking NE, Bay Plastics D Sanford Whip Co, 330 Ela P, Wertfieb, MA Photo 7: 1sa floor productión area, losti NE Sanforá Whip Co., 330 Elen S7.
Wartfiold, Mt Photo 8: and floor production area, lookig Ne Sanford Whip Co., 330 2%n SP, Wertfield, MA Phato s: gid floo preducton anen, lodtrs 520 Sanford Whip Co; 350 Fln st, Wartfield Mt Photo 1o: 31 Floor prnduction area lookig 52d. Sanford Whip Co, 330 Eim D., Werfiah, MA Photo 11: Attie storage, Isokig W. ISNE PETITCPLACID RECEIVED 2280 OCT 28 2008 The Commonwealth of Massachusetts REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES NATIONAL PARK SERVICE October 17, 200g William Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Commonwet. Massachusetts Historical Commission Mr. J. Paul Loether National Register of Historic Places National Park Service 1201 Eye Street, NW gth floor Washington, DC 20005 Dear Mr.
Loether: Enclosed please find the following nomination form: Sanford Whip Factory, 330 Elm Street, Westfield (Hampden Co.), MA The nomination has been voted eligible by the State Review Board and has been signed by the State Historic Preservation Officer. The owners of the property were notified of pending State Review Board consideration 30 to 45 days before the meeting and were afforded the opportunity to comment. Sincerely, Betay tredlieng Betsy Friedberg National Register Director Massachusetts Historical Commission enclosure CC: Denise Quinn, Westfield Historical Commission Domus, Inc. / Prospect Hill Apartments LP Michael Boulanger, Mayor, City of Westfield Gregory Farmer, Michelle Plourde-Barker, consultants Anthony Petrucelli, Westfield Planning Board 220 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125 (617) 727-8470 - Fax: (617) 727-5128 www.state.ma.us/sec/mhc
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