Nomination for Oppmann Terrace

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

OMB No. 1024-0018 Expires 5/31/2012) RECEIVED 2280 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service AUG 0 3 2012 IC PLACES to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for instructions. Place additional certification comments, entries, and narrative items on continuation sheets if needed (NPS Form 10-900a). 1. Name of Property other names/site number 2. Location street & number 10119 Detroit Avenue state Ohio 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60.

does not meet the National Register Criteria.Irecommend that this property X local Signature of certifying official/Title Ohio Historic Preservation Office, Ohio Historical Society State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government Signature of commenting official 4. National Park Service Certification I hereby certify that this property is: entered in the National Register - determined not eligible for the National Register . removed from the National Register other (explain:) Signature of the Keeper Date of Action 035 Date Title Registration Form zip code National Register of Historic Places not for publication be considered significant at the following level(s) of significance: vicinity NPS Form 10-900 NATIONAL This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts.

See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the historic name Oppmann Terrace city or town I hereby certify that this Xnomination _request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards In my opinion, the propertyX meets nel Dept. Head, Inventory & Registration July 25,2012 OCRVICE 44102 Cleveland Ohio county Cuyahoga United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) Oppmann Terrace Cuyahoga, Ohio Name of Property 5.

Classification Ownership of Property (Do not include previously listed resources in the count.) public - Local public - State public - Federal Name of related multiple property listing Number of contributing resources previously (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing) Apartment Buildings in Ohio Urban Centers, 1870- 6. Function or Use Current Functions DOMESTIC: Multiple Dwelling 7.

Description LATE VICTORIAN 1970 none structure object other: district private Total Materials ASPHALT Historic Functions roof: building(s) Architectural Classification Category of Property (Enter categories from instructions.) listed in the National Register Number of Resources within Property County and State NPS Form 10-900 (Check as many boxes as apply.) (Check only one box.) site United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) Oppmann Terrace Cuyahoga, Ohio Narrative Description its location, setting, size, and significant features.) Summary Paragraph Oppmann Terrace is a cluster of 6 buildings containing a total of 116 housing units. These buildings were constructed from about 1895 through about 1917.

Each building has 2 floors, is of brick bearing wall construction and is distinguished by its corbelled brick parapets and window hoods and by its porches with turned posts and balusters. The buildings are located on the west side of Cleveland, between Detroit and Madison avenues and bordering on the west side of West Boulevard. Detroit and Madison are major east-west streets lined with commercial buildings. West Boulevard is a spacious tree-lined residential street. The neighborhoods north and west of here are largely industrial, while the neighborhoods south and east of here are largely characterized by single-family frame turn of the 20th century Colonial Exterior Description The terrace buildings are located on a long irregularly shaped parcel spanning the 1,200 feet between Detroit and Madison avenues.

At the core of this nomination is a long lawn, about 60 feet wide, onto which the major units face (photos 4, 10). Sidewalks closely border each block, with tall old shade trees and shrubbery close by each building and each building. The west lot is accessed from a drive off Detroit Avenue, while the east lot is reached from a drive threading through a narrow gap between an L-shaped building fronting onto Madison Avenue and a rectangular building fronting onto West Boulevard The front porches of Oppmann Terrace are identical in size, except for minor alterations, and form a repetitive pattern along the court and streets onto which they face. Each porch serves 2 units and contains doors at its center. Some lead to feet deep. They extend out to windows for each unit's living room. Each porch has a flat roof with a railing encircling it.

This upper deck space is reached from doors set directly above the entrance doors below. Four evenly spaced simple wood columns support each porch (photos 1,5, 14). Some of these are turned solid wood posts but others are hollow square posts that seem like modern replacements. Others, those facing Madison and West Boulevard, have broader railings. Some porches have 1 by 4 vertical rails and middle horizontal 1 by 4 rails. The porches rest atop wood foundations with wood lattice skirts. Most lattices are modern standard lattice panels, but a few original skirts remain and have closely spaced vertical slats. Many porches have been rebuilt with treated wood, but a few remain with some original wood. Windows on the building feature 1-over-1 sash set within rectangular masonry openings. Some major elevation windows have rectangular sandstone lintels and sills.

Some principal elevation windows have segmental arched corbelled brick and sandstone sills. A few of the front elevation windows have modern shutters, but these are recent add-on elements. Basement windows appear on some elevations and are set below each primary window. Windows are basically symmetrically arranged on the exterior and are fairly evenly spaced, although some windows are noticeably closer than others. Almost all of the primary elevation windows appear to be the same size, but the secondary elevations feature smaller windows for the kitchens and baths. All windows have had original wood sash replaced with vinyl units that are about 30 years old. Revival style housing. County and State lintels and sandstone sills. The windows on the rear elevations of the terraces have simple brick segmental arched lintels hollow wood tapered Tuscan columns.

Railings are simple wood elements made up of square spindles and plain 2 by 4 individual units and others lead tohalls and staircases to the upper floor.The porches are each about 20 feet long and 8 behind each of the two principal buildings of Oppmann Terrace (photos 6,8). These face onto plain rear elevations of NPS Form 10-900 Name of Property an open lawn at its center. To the east and west of this central long quadrangle-like element are parking lots, located if necessary. Begin with a summary paragraph that briefly describes the general characteristics of the property, such as (Describe the historic and current physical appearance of the property. Explain contributing and noncontributing resources United States Department of the Interior National Park Service /National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.

1024-0018 Oppmann Terrace Cuyahoga, Ohio Name of Property Rear porches generally consist of simple wood stoops, most of which have been rebuilt in treated wood in more recent years (photo 8). Units that face onto West Boulevard and onto Detroit Avenue have 2-story rear porches (photo 15). These porches measure about 8feet by 20 feet and have low-pitched shed roofs atop the second floor. Four square wood and 2 by 4 railings are present. Each porch has an open stairway in its center leading down in one flight from the second to the first floor. Building 1: This is the largest of the complex, stretching nearly 1,100 feet between Detroit and Madison avenues, with units numbered 1 to 68, and a commercial storefront at its northern end with the address of 10119 Detroit Avenue.

It is 2 stories, except for a 3 story block at the north end, with the storefront at its base, a result of the site sloping down to Detroit. A drive leads to a parking lot west of this building and extends all the way south to Madison Avenue. This building has six portions from north to south: a. A glossy brick portion with running bond has 3 stories at Detroit and 2 stories at its south end (photos 9-11, 12). It was built ca. 1907 and includes the boarded-up storefront and 8 residential units, numbered 1-8. It has steel lintels on its secondary elevations and all mortar joints have red-tinted joints. The residential units each have 2 bedrooms. Common hallways run from east to west down its center, with 4 corner units on each floor. Because of the sloping site, this portion is only a half story taller than the 2-story section south of here. b. A section dating from ca.

1895 with a dull brick facing contains units 9-12. It has a common entrance set within a with red-tinted joints. Secondary elevations have rough brick, but still feature jack arched openings with cut sandstone and materials. It fills in a gap between 2 earlier sections and occupies the site of a frame dwelling that existed here in a large arched entrance. e. Units 21-48 is a larger long section that dates from about 1895. f. Units 49-68 has an alternate address of 10118 Madison Avenue. This dull brick portion was built ca. 1907. It finishes out the long row. Building 2: This building is L-shaped and is located at the southeast corner of the property. It has 24 dwelling units, numbers 69-92, and was built about 1907. Units 85-92 face the north side of Madison Avenue. The facade is glossy brick with running bond.

Units numbered 69-84 face the courtyard; their facade is dull brick with common bond (photos Building 3: This row faces onto West Boulevard on the east side of the property and contains 16 units, numbered 93- 108. The facade is glossy brick in running bond. This set was the last to be built, about 1917 (photos 1-2). running bond building contains 4 units, numbered 109-112. This structure was constructed ca. 1917. (photos 13, 15) sills. Building Descriptions (Expires 5/31/2012) posts support the structure, spaced more closely together on the ends. Railings with simple vertical square wood posts County and State primary elevations and jack-arches on its secondary elevation openings. Rough brick set up in common bond is used on d.The section containingunits 17 to20 dates from about 1895.Like the ca.1895section north of here,this section has 1-2, 5).

features elaborately corbelled parapets and segmental arched openings on its primary elevations, laid up in common bond Building 4: The fourth building is in the northeastern part of the site, facing onto the courtyard. This 2-story glossy brick broad arched opening, containing 2 units on each floor. Each unit extends from the front to the rear (photo 14). It 1903. United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Oppmann Terrace Cuyahoga, Ohio Name of Property Building 5: This building faces onto Detroit Avenue and has 4 storefronts on its first level and 4 housing units on its second floor. The building has a glossy brick running bond facade along Detroit Avenue, with curving parapets accented windows give this building a different character from the others.

It contains units 113-116 and was built ca. 1895 (photos 9, 12). Storefronts have been boarded up but the original door openings and window pattern exists. Building 6: This, the smallest of all the buildings, stands at the far western end of the site, near the center of the west parking lot. The north half of this 2-story building has dull red brick common bond but the south half has a semi-glossy built about 1917, but not earlier than 1911. One Sanborn map marks this building as the maintenance shop and office (photo 7). It was likely the central heating plant and did not have housing units. Interior Description The interior of a typical Oppmann Terrace unit includes a living room in front, often with a separate front doorway living room in front is a bedroom. (photo 18) Behind the living room in the rear are a kitchen/dining room with a bedroom beside it.

(photos 20-22) Set beside the front bedroom is a bathroom. (photo 19) This simple arrangement is common throughout the complex. Sometimes the kitchens have exterior doors, but often they have doors that lead to common hallways. Each building of Oppmann Terrace also has a basement, an unfinished open space that contains a boiler attached to the rear chimney flue. The boilers feed radiators in each room. Basements are sometimes illuminated by windows. It seems as though the space beneath each building is not fully excavated, that the basement exists only under a portion of each The masonry exteriors of Oppmann Terrace survive intact and in good condition. The brickwork has been repointed in only a few areas and the brick mortar joints seem generally to be in good condition. A section of the rear wall of Building 1 has deteriorated through water infiltration and needs to be rebuilt.

Some of the parapets are in need of repointing or reconstruction. All window and door openings remain unchanged. All windows have been replaced with been replaced with treated wood. Some have square wood posts while others have turned wood columns. The porches The interior floor plans remain the same as they were originally. Kitchen cabinets and bathroom plumbing fixtures have been replaced over the years. Woodwork around the windows and doors and at the floors is newer or nonexistent. It is likely that the original woodwork was extremely simple. Drywall has been used to cover some plaster walls and some ceilings have modern stippled finishes, but no ceilings appear to have been lowered. The boilers in each building have been replaced over the years but many radiators and some piping seem to be original. building.

Alterations County and State by cut sandstone trim.Windows are spaced singly and in pairs.The absence of corbelled brickwork and the clustering of have wood railings.Most have been altered with simple wood railings but some still have turned balusters. vinyl 1-over-1 sash.They seem the same size and proportion as the original wood sash.The commercial storefronts are (Expires 5/31/2012) red brick. Perhaps the 2 sections were built at different times. The date of construction is not certain. Possibly it was leading to the front porch, but sometimes with a front doorway leading to a common hallway. (photos 16-17) Beside the boarded up, but retain their original opening sizes and relation to original entrances. The porch posts have in most cases United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/ National Register of Historic Places Registration Form OMB No.

1024-0018 Oppmann Terrace Cuyahoga, Ohio Name of Property 8. Statement of Significance

Statement of significance

Areas of Significance for National Register listing.) Property is associated with events that have made a COMMUNITY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT significant contribution to the broad patterns of our Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high Period of Significance artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack important in prehistory or history. 1895, 1910, 1917 Significant Person (Complete only if Criterion B is marked above.) Owned by a religious institution or used for religious removed from its original location. C a birthplace or grave. D a cemetery. E a reconstructed building, object, or structure. a commemorative property.

less than 50 years old or achieving significance within the past 50 years. Criteria Considerations (explanation, if necessary) 1895-1917 purposes. history. ARCHITECTURE Property is: Criteria Considerations Architect/Builder individual distinction. Applicable National Register Criteria County and State Period of Significance (justification) (Enter categories from instructions.) Cultural Affiliation This is the timeframe during which Oppmann Terrace was constructed and initially occupied. Significant Dates NPS Form 10-900 (Expires 5/31/2012) (Mark "x" in all the boxes that apply.) (Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information United States Department of the Interior NPS Form 10-900 OMB No.

1024-0018 Oppmann Terrace Cuyahoga, Ohio Name of Property Statement of Significance Summary Paragraph (Provide a summary paragraph that includes level of significance and Oppmann Terrace, built from about 1895 through 1917, is significant under Criterion Afor its association with speculative real estate and multi-family housing development in Cleveland at the turn of the last century. Under Criterion housing units, is an intact example of turn-of-the-20th century vernacular multi-family housing in Cleveland. Developed principal built feature associated with this family. Urban Centers, 1870-1970, Cleveland was defined by its wide distribution of terrace apartments, which constituted a large portion of the city's early twentieth century multi-family housing stock. major east-west corridors, specifically Detroit, Franklin Blvd. on the west side and Superior, St.

Clair, and Euclid on the east side. The predominance of the terrace-type coincides with the rapid growth of Cleveland at the turn of the last century and the resulting expansion of streetcar lines to service the developing neighborhoods extending west and eastward from the center city. Eric Johannesen states that Cleveland's population in 1900 was 381,768. By 1910 it was 560,663 making Cleveland the The Apartment MPD states that "of all the apartment subtypes identified in Cleveland, none epitomize the city's distinct Oppmann Terrace stands out as a significant example of the terrace-type through its size, location and multi-use aspect.

The terrace, distinguished by segmental arched window openings, corbelled brickwork and repetitive porch/bay windows, occupies a key intersection of the city with its primary row of 68 two-story units extending along a 1,000 feet of the of commercial storefronts along with its multi-family dwelling units. Developed by retired brewer Andrew W.Oppmann this large multi-family complex reflects the speculative real estate first quarter of the twentieth century apartment buildings were more often developed by individual real estate developers i Eric Johannesen, Cleveland Architecture 1876-1976, pages 91, 96. ii Steve Gordon, Apartment Buildings in Urban Centers, 1870-1970, section E, pages 55, 56.

applicable criteria.) residents of more modest means.The largest concentrations of the terrace-type were located along or near the city's multi-family architecture than the terrace..." "Cleveland's terraces formed an extremely important form of multi-family County and State Narrative Statement of Significance(Provide at least one paragraph for each area of significance.) (Expires 5/31/2012) housing.."ii National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form of Cleveland at the turn of the last century. According to the Multiple Property Document, Apartment Buildings in Ohio Terraces were built in Cleveland roughly from 1900 until World War I in large numbers by speculative builders mostly to a speculative housing market developed including single family housing as well as multi-family units.i slightly sloping site between Detroit and Madison avenues.

Oppmann Terrace further stands out through its incorporation Oppmann Terrace is a noteworthy representation of the terrace-type housing considered to define the rapidly growing city Cit is also significant as an early and large-scale example of terrace-type housing in the city.One of itsbuildings is United States Department of the Interior NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Expires 5/31/2012) Oppmann Terrace Cuyahoga, Ohio Name of Property such as Andrew Oppmann. Later in the twentieth century this trend shifted from the individual to the corporate Andrew W. Oppmann is significant for his role as a Cleveland real estate developer and Oppmann Terrace is his largest built venture.

He was also important to the history of Cleveland both for his early role in expanding Cleveland's brewery industry in the years following the Civil War and for establishing a legacy for his heirs which has evolved over the years to include some of the city's more prominent buildings. Andrew W. Oppmann is significant as the founder of a family-based real estate legacy that still includes Oppmann Terrace and nearby Neal Terrace, a 48-unit complex erected by Oppmann's son-in-law in about 1906. For years, the family owned the renowned Cleveland Arcade, erected in 1888-90 from plans by George H. Smith and John Eisenmann. Great-grandson Harvey Oppmann undertook a massive revival of the complex in the 1980s that safeguarded the Arcade and restored it as an active part of Cleveland's downtown. The Arcade was acquired about 10 years ago by a group that transformed it into a Hyatt Hotel.

Oppmann arrived in Cleveland to become brew master of one of the city's larger breweries and within a year had acquired to sell his brewery in 1891 and concentrate on real estate activities was the first major move in Cleveland away from family brewery ownership toward consolidation. By 1897, nine Cleveland breweries, including what had been This firm continued to acquire local breweries and established a new operation in nearby Lorain such that it continued to dominate the region's beer market until Prohibition. In 1908 Oppmann's former brewery was closed as part of consolidation efforts.During Prohibition, Standard Brewing was transformed into Standard Food Products and moved into a variety of food-related businesses, including dairy, meat packing and soft drinks. breweries have vanished. Oppmann Terrace remains as the sole surviving built legacy of Andrew W. Oppmann.

western hemisphere, Oppmann returned to the brewery business and in 1871 became brew master of the Haltnorth rebuilt with a magnificent new brick facility designed by noted Cleveland architect Andrew W. Mitermiler. During his involvement with the Cleveland brewery industry from 1871-1891, Andrew Oppmann became one of Cleveland's most prominent "beer barons". Along with Isaac Leisy, George Muth, Joseph Stoppel and C. E. Gehring, Oppmann was one of about a dozen or so prominent individuals who shaped the beer industry in Cleveland from the Civil War until the era of consolidation at the turn of the 20th century. In 1889, after a fire destroyed his brewery, Oppmann built a new structure at Columbus Road and Willey Avenue that became one of the landmarks of Cleveland's Near West Terrace, although permits were taken out in Oppmann's name alone.

The Oppmann Brewery, renamed Phoenix Brewery after Andrew Oppmann sold his shares in 1891, was one of about a After selling his brewery, Oppmann became involved in Cleveland real estate, reflecting his significant associations with His son, Henry G. Oppmann, added units along West Boulevard and Madison Avenue such that by 1917 Oppmann developer. County and State National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Andrew W.Oppmann (1844-1910) was born in Bavaria and came to America at age 18 and soon found work in a St. half dozen of the city's largest breweries, producing 50,000 barrels of beer in 1897. a small struggling brewery. Through his brewing skills and business acumen, Oppmann was able to transform this small Oppmann's brewery, joined together with two Sandusky brewers to form the Cleveland & Sandusky Brewing Company.

Oppmann's brewery at Columbus and Willey Avenue no longer stands. Virtually all of the city's late 19th century Louis brewery. After military service, travels in the western United States and time spent at sea traveling throughout the Brewery in Cleveland. After only a year, he acquired his own brewery. After a fire in 1889, the Oppmann brewery was Side. It is possible that Oppmann employed or consulted with his designer of the new brewery on the design of Oppmann United States Department of the Interior National Park Service/ National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Oppmann Terrace Cuyahoga, Ohio Name of Property alley-like court that extended south from Berea Road just west of its intersection with Detroit Avenue. It appears as intervals, it seems like Oppmann Court was intended to be a street, not a grassy space bordering onto terraces.

However, because Oppmann Court was located so close to Ami Court, a 50-foot wide street east of here, single-family houses facing the west side of Ami extended through to Oppmann Court. This meant that Oppmann's street could have buildings on only one side. Oppmann's cautious mix of single-family houses and 4-suite brick apartment buildings evolved into a long row of brick apartments, probably still facing onto an actual street and not a lawn. By 1907, the acquisition of the parcel fronting onto Madison Avenue made possible the extension of Oppmann's long terrace southward to Madison and provided land to the east such that his terrace complex could have two sides at its southern end.

Rather than extend Oppmann Court south to Madison Avenue, the court is still depicted in later Sanborn maps as ending at the north end of the parcel fronting onto by constructing a terrace building on the east side of the lawn at its north end, behind a commercial storefront building erected as part of the first wave of construction on this parcel. Many land speculators and developers were dividing up land at the city's outskirts into housing subdivisions at the turn of the 20th century. Andrew Oppmann entered the rental housing market in a large way by constructing terrace units instead of single-family houses or simply selling lots to private homeowners.

As such this earliest venture into real estate century, that of the individual builder or real estate investor building one or more multi-family units as an investment.ili In his initial real estate venture Oppmann did create a legacy for his heirs and the property has remained in the family for over 110 years. the project as a means of investing his recently acquired funds from the sale of the family brewery. The development of this terrace continued past his death and it was completed by Andrew's son Henry Oppmann. Streetcar and Industrial History revolution in transportation. It is essentially from a pre-automobile era, a time when mass transit in the form of streetcars made denser housing clusters such as this convenient for people working downtown and in other Horse-drawn omnibuses were used on Detroit Avenue, beginning in the Civil War era.

The opening of the Superior Viaduct in 1878 provided a direct connection from Cleveland's central core out to Detroit Avenue and to the expanding commercial and residential areas of the west side. The 1881 atlas of Cleveland shows this neighborhood as a rapidly Avenue. The Rocky River Railroad was in place through here as a narrow-gauge rail line that opened in 1868 connecting a summer resort community known as Clifton Park (NR 11/20/74) to downtown Cleveland. Passing across Detroit Avenue just east of here, it provided quick rail service to downtown Cleveland. In 1882 the railroad was merged into the New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad and rebuilt to standard gauge, with a stop nearby along Detroit. This iii "The Apartment Buildings in Ohio Urban Centers, 1870-1970", National Register MPD, January 2011, section E, neighborhoods. pages 27-28.

(Expires 5/31/2012) County and State featured a 2-story frame house that interrupted the brick terrace units.With a 5-inch water pipe and hydrants at various his terrace project rather modestly, perhaps without envisioning the final development. Oppmann was a narrow 30-foot The Oppmann family developed this complex as a family enterprise for investment purposes. Andrew Oppmann began Terrace had achieved its present size. From observations of early Sanborn maps, it appears as though Oppmann began though in 1903 Oppmann did not yet own the southern tract of land bordering Madison Avenue. Oppmann Court also Madison.

By 1913, Henry Oppmann had completed the transformation of Oppmann Court from a street into a courtyard by Oppmann reflects the more typical apartment building development seen in large urban cities at the turn of the last Oppmann Terrace dates from a period during which Cleveland was undergoing rapid expansion, industrialization and developing part of western Cleveland not yet annexed by the city but served by a water line running along Detroit United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Oppmann Terrace Cuyahoga, Ohio Name of Property by noted Boston landscape architect Ernest W. Bowditch. Mergers and consolidations beset the streetcar lines in the 1890s. On Cleveland's west side, the Brooklyn Street Railway Company became part of the Cleveland City Railway Companyin1893.

In that same year, the South Side Railway Companybecame part ofthe Cleveland Electric Railway Company. A streetcar line was in place along Detroit Avenue at Berea Rd. by 1892. The Lake Shore Electric Railway service on Detroit Avenue from Cleveland to Lorain. At the time Oppmann was being built, Cleveland Mayor Tom L. Johnson established the five-cent fare on a modernized regional electrified mass transit system. Railway Company in 1903 to operate streetcars throughout the city. In 1910 this line, merged with a newly formed municipal streetcar line to form the Cleveland Railway Company. Ridership climbed from 250 million in 1910 to 440 million by 1920, and then began a decline due to competition from the automobile and, later, the effects of the Great Depression.

In 1917 the Detroit-Superior High Level Bridge opened with two levels, automobiles above and streetcars Railway Company, a private company, was taken over by the city in 1942 and became the Cleveland Transit System. In 1955 CTS began rapid transit service along a line that ran across Detroit, with a station northeast of here, at nearby Detroit and West Boulevard.The city transit system was taken over by the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority Analysis of Census Information on Oppmann Terrace Tenants The 1920 census gives a good picture of the types of residents here not long after the last of the units were completed. Ninety-seven units were located in the census, and these contained a total of 300 individuals. About one-fourth of the heads of households worked in manufacturing companies. The only occupations listed more than plumber, a repairman and a clerk, to name a few.

Oppmann Terrace is significant as a large-scale and distinctive blending of the terrace and apartment forms.It is significant for its vast size and the placement of the principal buildings facing one another across a lawn rather than being located on a public street. But, unlike many terraces, Oppmann does not have its units as attached rowhouses but instead as housing units that are confined to one floor and linked by interior entrances and hallways, like apartment buildings. The terrace complex is a representative example of turn of the century vernacular multi-family architecture. The significance of this complex also stems from its enormous size, particularly its west building, which is nearly a quarter- are exclusively residential.

Oppmann Terrace relies on brick corbelling, porches and raised parapets over entrances to length and architectural repetition recalls massive English terrace units. The complex has massiveness from other perspectives. When viewed from the corner of West Boulevard and Madison Avenue, it becomes clear that this is a huge housing complex. The number of units visible from this vantage point alone is greater than the number of units contained in any other Cleveland terrace complex. Avenue. Architecture (Expires 5/31/2012) in 1974, which continues to operate the rapid transit tracks through this neighborhood, as well as buses along Detroit indicate a lower-middle-class occupancy. County and State achieve its architectural character.

These elements combine with the startling length of the west building and its setting below, addressing not only an increase in public transit but also the growing presence of the automobile.The Cleveland transportation node was reinforced when West Boulevard was created through here as a result of a park plan for the city Company was organized in 1901 and began service later that year between Cleveland and Toledo, using the tracks then in once were foreman, janitor and laborer. There was also a fireman, a barber, an engineer, a machinist, a salesman, a mile long. It also has significance as a mixed-use facility, having a commercial/retail component, whereas most terraces on a lawn instead of along a street to achieve a scale in residential construction unprecedented in Cleveland.

Its great The Cleveland Electric Railway Company, operator of streetcars along Detroit Avenue, merged with the Cleveland City From a sampling of 25 heads of households, a majority, 17, were in their 30s. The largest number, seven, was born in United States Department of the Interior National Park Service /National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Oppmann Terrace Cuyahoga, Ohio Name of Property Although Oppmann Terrace cannot be readily identified with a particular style of American architecture, it is representative of late 19th to early 20th century trends in American architecture. It represents the fine craftsmanship of the period in its brick corbelling, limited sandstone trim and elegant parapets.

The 1992 Cleveland vernacular architecture study establishes 3 basic criteria for evaluating integrity in terraces: All units retain their present size, with no apparent additions and no units have been altered to increase the total number of units. 2. demolition of detached units or parallel rows may not necessarily alter the integrity of the entire development - There has been no demolition at Oppmann Terrace. All units constructed originally survive. basic elements that define this as a terrace complex all survive, including the rhythm of the porches and the brickwork. Some features have been altered. Original double-hung 1-over-1 wood windows have been replaced with similar vinyl 1-over-1 sash, set within the original masonry openings. Original kitchen and bath fixtures have been replaced with newer fixtures and cabinets over the years.

The rooms themselves have their original dimensions and the room area that extends from the front to the rear seems like it has had a wall removed and has been removed in all of the units that were inspected. Porch floors on many porches are made of newer wood and some railings and posts and porch skirts have been replaced. For a resource to be eligible under "Apartment Buildings in Ohio Urban Centers, 1870-1970" National Register MPD, the diagnostic features and aspects (2 stories, flat roofs, porches, variegated brickwork, upstairs bedrooms, identical plans, individual addresses, ca. 1895-1920) should be sufficiently present and the level of integrity required should contribute to the importance of the building as an identifiable type. This type should also retain its low horizontal massing, elongated footprint and original façade wall surfaces.

Porches are diagnostic elements, and although a certain degree of loss or alteration is common, a majority of the historic porch fabric should be present. Interiors should retain the basic floor plan and staircase. These conditions are all met at Oppmann Terrace, as outlined above, except that these units never had upstairs bedrooms or individual addresses. Developmental history/additional historic context information (if appropriate) Comparisons with other terraces In comparison with other similar terraces of the period, Oppmann Terrace is larger than any others identified in the 1992 study, 2855-3911 Prospect Avenue, known as Six Chimneys, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Six Chimneys also has modern windows that replace original wood units. Individual doors have been replaced with windows Register is McKinley Terrace, 1406-1426 West 81st Street.

Like Oppmann Terrace, McKinley Terrace has a pressed Integrity Six Chimneys does not appear to be as high as that of Oppmann Terrace.The other terrace listed on the National (Expires 5/31/2012) County and State 1. may have been converted to flats or altered to expand individual; units - This has not happened at Oppmann Terrace. Throughout its various buildings, Oppmann Terrace retains a unity of design. Some sections employ a slightly glazed 3. buildings should retain significant materials and design elements to maintain integrity and convey association - The study. It is more than twice as large as the next largest terrace, Neal Terrace, which has 48 units. According to this 1992 to create a single common entrance. The exterior brickwork appears to have been sandblasted. Overall, the integrity of United States Department of the Interior OMB No.

1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) Oppmann Terrace Cuyahoga, Ohio Name of Property brick facade that is in good condition. Its porches have newer concrete floors, some of its windows have replacement sash, and, in some units, at least, original dividing walls between the front living rooms and rear dining rooms have been The most common type of terrace, according to the 1992 report, is the L-shaped terrace that has 2 or 3 units on a primary lawn that is a common areaway for the units, except those facing Madison Avenue or West Boulevard. It becomes, in effect, a public mid-block linkage between Detroit Avenue and Madison Avenue. This is the least common, largest and therefore most significant terrace type.

The Ohio Apartments Multiple Property Documentation discusses terrace apartments as a distinct form, notable for their long, shallow plans distinguished by a roughly rectangular footprint with mainly unarticulated masonry wall surfaces, fat basically flat. Oppmann Terrace is notable for its extremely long central courtyard and unusually large number of units. It is also notable for being a rare example of terrace housing with storefronts, occasioned by Detroit Avenue's lower terrace apartment buildings. As the MPD notes, this is one of 48 identified terraces on Cleveland's west side from studies Comparisons With Cleveland Terraces Included in National Register Districts: 1. Arline, 4 units, 4301-07 Archwood Avenue, simple early 20th century brick terrace facing the street 2. Katherina, 6 units, 2702-06 Riverside Avenue, early 20th century brick terrace facing the street 4.

Woodruff, 8 units, 3006-3102 Riverside Avenue, early 20th century simple brick terrace facing the street 5. Northampton, 6 units, 3136 Prospect Avenue, early 20th century brick building with stylistic character 6. 6-unit terrace, 3802-12 Mapledale Avenue, unusual early 20th century frame Bungalow style terrace, facing the street 8. 4-unit terrace, 3766-72 West 30th Street, yellow brick simple small terrace 9. 4-unit terrace, 3508-12 Archwood Avenue, yellow brick simple small terrace, located on a street corner 10. 4-unit terrace, 3900-08 West 23rd Street, (NR_MR) vernacular frame house-like terrace 11.

8-unit terrace, 5801-15 Franklin Boulevard, L-shaped brick early 20th century building, located on a street corner The most common type of terrace in Cleveland, aside from the simple block facing the street, is the L-shaped terrace that ahs a few units on its primary street and the rest on a side street. McKinley Terrace is L-shaped. A less common type is right-of-way. This is the type that Neal represents. It has a long center lawn that is a common areaway for all the units. It becomes, in effect, a public mid-block linkage between Detroit Avenue and Franklin Boulevard, except that Franklin is removed. County and State of 1921 plat books and the 1936 city directory.

two entrances.Oppmann has a corbelled brick parapet.Each front porch shelters multiple entrances.Wall surfaces are NPS Form 10-900 roofs, corbelled cornices and modestly castellated or simple parapets, plus full or partial front porches, often sheltering street and the rest on a side street. McKinley Terrace is an example of this type. Six Chimneys is a row along a major of a double-row terrace apartment complex. It also notes that it is in an area that has a relatively high concentration of 3. Verona, 4 units, 3127 Mapledale Avenue, early 20th century terrace with stylistic character, resembling a large house 7. 4-unit terrace, 4400-12 Denison Avenue, simple early 20th century brick terrace, facing the street the U-shaped terrace that faces onto a single street with a courtyard in the middle.

The third major type creates its own third major type creates its own right-of-way.This is the type that Oppmann Terrace represents.It has a long center United States Department of the Interior NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Oppmann Terrace Cuyahoga, Ohio Name of Property County and State A survey of terraces in Cleveland and surrounding suburbs was made as part of research for this nomination. A compilation of terraces listed in the 1936 Cleveland city Directory combined with a review of the 1921 county plat books identified 192 terraces in the county. Most had 4-6 units. Oppmann Terrace was the largest at 116 units. Neal was second largest at 48 units and the only large double-row terrace. Next largest was a cluster along East 81st Street north of Superior Avenue, with a total of 40 units, but these were probably not all of the same design. This entire row has been demolished.

Quimby Avenue, between East 55th and East 65th Streets, contained 69 terrace units in 9 separate buildings, all of which have been demolished. Thus, Neal historically was the city's second largest terrace and has become more significant as so many terraces in the city, especially those on the east side, have been demolished According to a statewide National Register nomination iv of multi-family complexes, terraces were a distinct subset of apartments, defined, as at Neal, with living space and a kitchen below and bedrooms and a bath above, reached via a housing form was especially popular. For terraces to be National Register eligible under this nomination, the massing should be intact and a majority of the historic porch fabric should be present. Also, the basic two-story plan and staircase should still exist and the subtype should have a significant degree of stylistic integrity.

The rest of the file

Bibliography, boundary description, and the people who prepared and reviewed the nomination.

Major Bibliographical References Bibliography (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form.) Mill, Carl H., Breweries of Cleveland. Cleveland, Ohio, Schnitzelbank Press, 1998. research by Drew Rolik, including 1920 census research by Craig Bobby Property Documentation, January 2011 Sanborn maps and U. S. census records Cleveland Landmarks Commission, "Residential Vernacular Architecture of Cleveland 1870-1940", August Newspaper articles from 1906: (all Cleveland Plain Dealer), 3-16-06, 9-23-06, 12-2-06. Cleveland City Building Permits, as researched by Craig Bobby Van Tassel, David, and Grabowski, John, editors, The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Bloomington: Indiana University Press and Cleveland: Western Reserve Historical Society, 1996. Johannesen, Eric. Cleveland Architecture, 1876-1876.

Cleveland: The Western Reserve Historical Society, Previous documentation on file (NPS): Primary location of additional data: x preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67 has been x State Historic Preservation Office Other State agency previously listed in the National Register previously determined eligible by the National Register Local government designated a National Historic Landmark recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey # recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # recorded by Historic American Landscape Survey # iv "Apartment Buildings in Ohio Urban Centers, 1870-1970," National Register MPD, January 2011, Section E, p. 14. 1979. 1992. requested) University Other most significant terrace type.

Federal agency (Expires 5/31/2012) little more than an alley here.This is the least common type and often has the largest number of units and therefore is the Name of repository: separate staircase. The nomination cites Cleveland, Columbus and, to a lesser extent, Youngstown, as cities where this National Park Service /National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Gordon, Stephen C., "Apartment Buildings in Ohio Urban Centers, 1870-1970." National Register Multiple United States Department of the Interior NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) Oppmann Terrace Cuyahoga, Ohio Name of Property 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property 6 (Do not include previously listed resource acreage.) Zone Easting Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property.) The nomination consists of the property containing six buildings bounded by Detroit Ave.

and Berea Rd. on the north, Madison Ave. on the south, West Blvd. on the east and the rear lot line of 10119 Detroit, extending through from Berea Rd. to Madison Ave., excluding the following properties: those properties facing the west side of West Blvd. from Detroit Ave. on the north extending 660 feet south along West Blvd. Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected.) form in the early 20th century. 11. Form Prepared By _date January 2012 street & number 31156 Detroit Road city or town Westlake state Ohio Submit the following items with the completed form: photographs to this map.

- Continuation Sheets - Additional items: (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items.) 4591928 436954 Northing Zone stevemcquillin@aol.com Additional Documentation telephone 440-899-1200 UTM References e-mail The boundary contains all of the buildings associated historically as Oppmann Terrace as it achieved its final A Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources.Key all zip code 44145 (Place additional UTMreferences ona continuation sheet.) Historic Resources Survey Number (if assigned): County and State - Maps: A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location.

National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form name/title Steven McQuillin, Preservation Consultant organization Steven McQuillin & Associates United States Department of the Interior National Park Service /National Register of Historic Places Registration Form OMB No. 1024-0018 Oppmann Terrace Cuyahoga, Ohio or larger. Key all photographs to the sketch map. City or Vicinity: Cleveland, Ohio State: Ohio Photographer: Steven McQuillin Date Photographed: December 2011 Description of Photograph(s) and number: 1 of 27 1. southwest corner of Building 2, looking northwest 2. Building 3, looking northwest 3. south end of Building 1, looking west 4. courtyard, looking north from south end 5. Building 2, looking northeast 6. parking lot between Building 2 and Building 3, looking north 7. Building 6, looking south 8. rear wall of Building 1,looking southeast 9.

Building 5, looking southeast 10. Building 5 (left), Building 1 (right), looking south from Detroit 11. Building 1 north end, looking southwest 12. Building 5 west side, looking east 14. Building 1 northern section, looking southwest 15. Building 4 rear, looking southwest Photos below taken January 2012: 16. Unit 103 living room, looking west 17. stairs at Unit 104, looking west 18. Unit 103 front bedroom, looking northeast 19. Unit 103 bath, looking east 20. Unit 103 kitchen, looking west 21. Unit 103 dining room, looking west 22. Unit 103 rear bedroom, looking west (Complete this item at the request of the SHPO or FPO.) Boulevard Terrace Apts.

Ltd street & number 10119 Detroit Avenue telephone 440-729-4959 city or town Cleveland 44102 name Photographs: County: (Expires 5/31/2012) Property Owner: County and State zip code Name of Property NPS Form 10-900 Submit clear and descriptive photographs. The size of each image must be 1600x1200 pixels at 300 ppi (pixels per inch) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service /National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Oppmann Terrace Cuyahoga, Ohio Name of Property Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C.460 et seq.).

Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18 hours per response including time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Office of Planning and Performance Management. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1849 C. Street, NW, Washington, DC. County and State (Expires 5/31/2012) TERRACE MADISON AVE, OPPMANN BATH TYPICAL UNIT PLAN CLEYELAND, OHIO BEDRM WITH LIVING RM. SITE PLAN (NOT TO SCALE) KITCHEN 10I19 DETROT AV. E1104 REV, 1-12 REAR BEREA UNIT LIY. Cuyahoga Co, OH - Sanborn Insurance Map 1903, vol. 6, p1. 813 - Note only some sections were built by this date. Oppmann Terrace OPPMAN AMI MADISON Oppmann Terrace THE L 1913/50, vol. 11, pl. 19 AV. N.W. BEREA ROAD 102ND Sanborn InsuranCe Map BLVD. N.W.

3 P WEST MADISON Cuyahoga Co MOTOR A TESTING 1913/50, vol. 11, pl. 20 AV N. W. Sanborn Insurance Map UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET NAME : DATE OF 16TH DAY: DATE OF 45TH DAY: PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: N COMMENT WAIVER: N Accept Aic ABSTRACT/SUMMARY COMMENTS: RECOM./ CRITERIA TELEPHONE RETURN REJECT DATE 8/03/12 REVIEWER 9/19/12 9/17/12 PDIL: OTHER: PERIOD: DATE RECEIVED: If a nomination is returned to the nominating authority, the REASONS FOR REVIEW: DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLR Y/N STATE & COUNTY: OHIO, Cuyahoga REFERENCE NUMBER: 12000800 DISCIPLINE 10 =f 22 DEVELOPMENT COMPANY BOULEVARD APARTMENTS 17/ +36954/4591928 LAKEWOOD QUADRANGLE LAKEWOOD, OH U.S.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OHIO-CUYAHOGA CO 7.5-MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC) OPPMANN TERRACE 1994 SCALE 1:24 000 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES NPS TRANSMITTAL CHECK LIST OHIO HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE Columbus, OH 43211 The following materials are submitted on_ Historic Places: Original National Register of Historic Places nomination form Multiple Property Nomination Cover Document Multiple Property Nomination form CD with electronic images Sketch map(s)/Photograph view map(s)/Floor plan(s) Please provide a substantive review of this nomination This property has been certified under 36 CFR 67 The enclosed owner objection(s) do do not Constitute a majority of property owners Other 7-27-2012 COMMENTS: (614)-298-2000 Photographs Original USGS map(s) 800 E.

17th Avenue Piece(s) of correspondence For nomination of the Oppmann Terrace _to the National Register of RECEIVED 2280 AUG 0 3 2012 July 27, 2012 NAT. REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Ms. Carol D. Shull, Keeper of the National Register of Historic Places 1201 Eye Street, NW (2280) Washington DC 20005 Enclosed please find four (4) new National Register nominations. All appropriate notification procedures have been followed for these new submissions. NEW SUBMISSION Grand Army of the Republic Memorial Hall I am requesting a SUBSTANTIVE REVIEW for the Franklin Hotel nomination. The nomination is documentation has been provided to support Criterion B and the significance of this group.

The nominations for the Richman Brothers Company and the Grand Army of the Republic Memorial Hall must be listed before September 30, 2012 in order to qualify for the next round of the Ohio Historic Preservation Tax Credit. In order to expedite the listing of these properties I am requesting officials for each community have received the appropriate notification from the Ohio Historic the nomination of their properties. If you have questions or comments about these documents, please contact the National Register staff in the Ohio Historic Preservation Office at (614) 298-2000.

Executive Director and CEO State Historic Preservation Officer Ohio Historic Preservation Office COUNTY www.ohiohistory.org Cuyahoga Portage Lawrence Ohio STATE Enclosures Sincerely National Register Preservation Office and are fully aware of the nomination and the property owners are in full support of Richman Brothers Company Dear Ms.

Shull: Oppmann Terrace Burt Logan OHIO HISTORICAL SOCIETY guidance for applying Criterion B I am requesting a substantive opinion as to whether sufficient Franklin Hotel waiving the 15-day commenting period in the Federal Register for these nominations.The chief elected being nominated under Criteria A and B.For Criterion B the members of the Kent Hotel Company are Franklin Hotel within the commercial and social history of Kent,Ohio.In order tobe consistent in our being recognized collectively for the group's significant role in the development and promotion of the 1982 Velma Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43211-2497 ph: 614.298.2000 fx: 614.298.2037 HISTORY