Nomination for Market Square Historic District

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

LL Form 10-300 (July 1969) 4B NO UTm PH0006322 DB#71000088 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE: NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Mass. COUNTY: NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM (Type all entries - complete applicable sections) Essex FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER 212.25,0001 NºAS COMMON: DATE 6/25 Market Square Historic District AND/ OR HISTORIC: LOCATION STREET AND NUMBER: fibe State, Merrimac and/Water Streets see continuation sheet (Cong. District #6) CITY OR TOWN: Newburyport STATE Mass CLASSIFICATION CATEGORY (Check One) [X District Site Building Structure CODE COUNTY: 25 OWNERSHIP Essex Object Public Private Both Public Acquisition: In Process Being Considered CODE 009 ACCESSIBLE STATUS TO THE PUBLIC X Occupied Yes: Restricted [X Unoccupied Unrestricted - Preservation work No pres.

i Wofk pending PRESENT USE (Check One or More as Appropriate) Agricultural Government X Commercial Industrial Educational Military Entertainment Museum Park Private Residence Religious Scientific OWNER OF PROPERTY OWNER'S NAME: Majority are owned by Newburyport Redevelopment Authority STREET AND NUMBER: 55 Pleasant Street CITY OR TOWN: JSTATE: Newburyport, Mass. LOCATION OFLEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC: 00 South Registry District STREET AND NUMBÉR: G/S TER 25 CE 32 Federal Street CITY OR TOWN: Salem Fu Mass. REPRESENTATION IN EXIST ING SURVEYS TITLE OF SURVEY: Inventory of the historic assets of the Commonwealth DATE OF SURVEY: 1966 Federal [X State DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: Transportation - Comments &] Other (Specity) those in public ownership are empty pending restoration Mass.

CODE 25 CODE Essex STATE: COUNTY: - County - Local Massachusetts Historical Commission STREET AND NUMBER: Office of the Secretary, State House CITY OR TOWN: Boston STATE: Mass. 25 1/12,35, 000/ ENTRY NUMBER CODE 25 2251 DATE FOR NPS USE ONLY DESCRIPTION (Check One) * Deteriorated Excellent CONDITION - Good (Check One) Fair Ruins - Unexposed (Check One) * Altered Unaltered Moved * Origiral Site DESCRIBE THEPRESENT AND ORIGINAL (if known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE Market Square is a triangular open space created by the hunction of State Street, which enters it from the South, Water Street from the East and Merrimac from the West. Both individual and row buildings surround the Square; behind flows the Merrimack River. Flanking these are the two most historically important and architecturally impressive buildings in the district, the Market House and the Custom House.

Rows of brick shops and dwellings similar in style, proportion, size and appearance surround the other streets. They provide the District with an architectural coherence that makes it unique within seaport cities in New England. This coherence is largely the result of the reconstruction of much of the Square during the twenty-one year period following the fire of 1811, and the controls imposed by the building code, an Act passed in 1811, 1812. A majority of the Federal style buildings facing the Square are common bond brick row houses with stores below. They are three stories tall and three bays wide. The ridge roofs of these rows are broken only by the exterior estension of fire walls which terminate in stepped gables and contain the stacks of end chimneys. Most of the buildings display modest modillioned cornices under the eaves.

Those structures on Inn Street are further embellished by iron grilles on the roof above the eaves. A photograph of 1864 shows that broad continuous stone lintels supported by heavy stone posts extended across the enire facade of each building. This post - and lintel system carried the weight of the walls above and made possible the wide win-z dow openings for the shops. The doors are recessed, some at the side, and some at the center. Generally the second and third story windows are sash with flared granite lintels. Major alterations to these buildings have been the replacement of some of the continuous stone lintels by iron beams sometime in the later 19th century, » and changes in the size and type of window panes. In addition to these buildings, Market Square includes two outstanding individual C buildings; the original Market House and the U.S. Custom House.

Work was begun in 1823 on the two story brick Market House. Although consistent in height with the rest of the buildings surrounding the Square, this hipped roof structure is only two stories high. The 9-bay width of tis main facade has broad overhanging eaves which are ornamented by a delicately scaled modillioned cornice. As the building exists today, a continuous lintel extends across the entire facade supporting the walls above. All of these elements stregnthen the horizontal emphasis inherent in Federal style buildings of this type and increase the distinction between this building and the rows. A subordinate verticality is displayed by a three bay pavillion centered on the main facade. A three part window topped by a round arched window with fan lights is set Oji The original fan light window in the pediment has been replaced by a clock.

Across the second story of the main facade, round arched windows echo the semi-circular motif of those in the pediment and in the center of the pavillion. In its original form the Market had stalls on the first floor for provision dealers. These stalls were removed in 1864 when the Market House was altered to its present use as the local fire station. The U.S. Custom House forms the East boundary of the Market Square district. This classic al revival building was built in 1834-35 from elesigns by Robert Mills. He was the first architect who was both born and trained in America (see separate entry). 2 HST Form- T0-300g July 1969) AECEIVE FEB 25 1971 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM STATE Mass.

COUNTY Essex NATIONAL FOR NPS USE ONLY REGISTER ENTRY NUMBER (Continuation Sheet) 1|.R.25.0001 (Number all énttles) DATE 2/26/3 812.LLocation. warke Boundary Description eistoric District, Newburyport Beginning at a point on the south line of Water Street, N 660, 776.37/ E 769, 392. 28; thence N. 79° 55' 10" W for a distance of 22.85 feet; thence N 81° 57' 03" W for a distance of 22. 06 feet; thence S 86° 08' 17" W for a distance of 69. 16 feet; thence S 11° 24' 05"' W for a distance of 38. 14 feet; thence S 02° 40' 35" W for a distance of 6. 00 feet; thence S 35° 36' 15" E for a distance of 22. 00 feet; thence S 34° 05' 15" W for a distance of 45.98 feet; thence S 29° 19' 14" nfor a distance of 22.61 feet; thence S 35° 50' 57" W for a distance of 51.53 feet; thence S 51° 52' 47" E for a dine of eibe rty 50 reet; thence 5 360 47: 38-Mor ardi dista of o1.

1.fo t fo to hteorttleast "for a distance of 61.71 feet to the inter- section of the southwest line of Liberty Street and a property line; thence south- westerly along said property line for a distance of approximately 58 feet to a property line; thence southeasterly along said property line for a distance of approximately 46 feet to the southeast property line of 15 Middle Street; thence southwwesterly along said property line and said line extended to the centerline of Middle Street; thence northwesterly along said centerline of Middle Street for a distance of approximately 73 feet to the southeast property line of 2 Middle Street extended; thence southwesterly along said line for a distance of approximately 54 feet to a property line; thence southeasterly along said line for a distance of approximately 4 feet to a property line; thence southwesterly along said line for a distance of approximately 15 feet to the northeast property line of 17 State Street; thence southeasterly along said line for a distance of approximately 68 feet to the southeast property line of 17 State Street; thence southwesterly along said line and the southeast property lines of 21-27 State Street for a distance of approximately 57 feet to the southeast line of a way which is also the northwest property line of 3 Essex Street; thence southwesterly along said line and said line extended to the centerline of Essex Street; thence northwesterly along said line to the centerline of State Street; thence southwesterly along the centerline of State Street to the centerline of Pleasant Street; thence northwesterly along the centerline of Pleasant Street for a distance of approximately 85 feet to the extension of the northwest property lines of 38-58 State Street; thence northeasterly along said property lines for a distance of approximately 192 feet to the centerline of Threadneedle Alley; thence northwesterly along said centerline to the centerline of Inn Street; thence northeasterly along said centerline for a distance of approximately 105 feet to the extension of the southwest property line of 32 Inn Street; thence northwest- erly along said line for a distance of approximately 70 feet to point; thence northeasterly along a line which is parallel to and 70 feet northwest of the centerline of Inn Street for a distance of approximately 200 feet to the southwest line of Market Square; thence northwesterly alongsaid line for a distance of approximately 75 feet to the extension of the west property line of the Central Fire Station of the City of Newbury- port; thence N 20° 15' 15" E for a distance of approximately 133 feet; thence N 140 11' 13" E for a distance of 23.

99 feet; thence S 75° 54' 32" E for a distance of 68. 26 feet; thence N. 77° 56' 31" E for a distance of approximately 557 feet to a property line; thence S 15° 42' 20" W for a distance of approximately 190 feet to the point of Beginning. Accessible to the Public: All exterior architectural features are accessible to public. Redevelopment Authority owned structures are closed pending restoration. Privately owned shops are open to public during business hours. Form 10-300a UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (Dec. 1968) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM STATE Mass. COUNTY (Continuation Sheet) (Number all entries) Essex FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER 7/.2.25.0001 2/55/21 Market Square, Historic District, Newburyport #7. Description, cont.

Newburyport Redevelopment Authority is carrying out an urban renewal program which proposes to rehabilitate the important Market Square Historic District. The Redevelopment Authority presently owns all property except one parcel within the renewal portion of the district. The remaining property outside the renewal area is privately owned and occupied. The private property is being continuously upgraded over the past several years and is fully occupied. The property owned by the Redevelopment Authority is vacant, pending implementation of the renewal program; it is in deteriorated condition and requires rehabilitation and improvement as soon as possible.

11 FEB 25 NATIONAL REGISTER N LD 25 TIONAL 19 SIGNI FICANCE PERIOD (Check One or More as Appropriate) Pre-Columbian| 15th Century - 16th Century 17th Century 18th Century 19th Century 20th Century SPECIFIC DATE(S) (If Applicable and Known) AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE (Check One or More as Appropriate) Abor iginal Education Prehistoric Engineering - Historic Industry Agriculture Invention Architecture Landscape Art Architecture Commerce - Literature Communications Military Conservation Music 1811-1832 Political Religion/Phi- losophy Science Sculpture Social/Human- itarian - Theater - Transportation - Urban_Planning (spoptgN). RECEIVED FEE 25 1971 NATIONAL REGISTER STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

Statement of significance

Market Square in Newburyport is one of the last seaport business districts re- maining from the golden days of New England shipping. Newburyport built her pros- perity on a practical combination of shipbuilding, fishing, European and West Indies trading, distilling, and domestic trade; Market Square was the center of all that activity. Market Square has been a market since the Indians met early explorers from England, France and Holland on the banks of the Merrimack River to trade furs and fish. The canal completed in 1796 to connect Newburyport with inland areas made Market Square the trading center for a good portion of interior New England and for sections of the Canadian border country as well. During the peak years of port activity, as many as seven wharves may have run directly from Market Square to the Merrimack River.

The majority of buildings now standing in the Market Square area were built in a twenty-one year period following the fire of 1811. The building code enacted immediately after the fire imposed a consistency of technique and a similar- ity of material on all the new construction. The resulting buildings provide the Mar- ket Square district with an architectural coherence unique among New England sea- Docks between the Market Square wharves reached so far inland that the bowsprits and jib-booms of ships berthed there extended over the Square sidewalks. The early buildings in the Square area were so concentrated that in a few hours the fire of May31, 1811, destroyed all of the area except the North Row. In June of the same year, the Massachusetts General Court passed a special act intended to prevent the recurrence of such fires in Newburyport.

The act required that all buildings in Market Square be constructed of brick or stone and that no wooden structure in Newburyport be more than twenty-five feet high. Though the act was repealed in 1832, at Newburyport's request, most of Market Square was rebuilt under its provisions. As an added pre- caution, massive fire walls were placed between the sections of individual buildings. These walls extend from basement through roof, ending in the distinctive stepped- end gable now found throughout Market Square.

The rest of the file

Bibliography, boundary description, and the people who prepared and reviewed the nomination.

MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES Coffin, Joshua. A Sketch of The History of Newbury, Newburyport and West Newbury Boston: Samual G. Drake, 1845. Currier, John J. History of Newburyport, Massachusetts, Volumes I and II. New- buryport: printed for author, 1909. Morison, Samuel Eliot. Maritime History of Massachusetts. Boston: Houghton Mitflin,1921. Newburyport Daily News. Newburyport, Massachusetts: March 14, 1944; December8, 1949; November 22, 1950.

GEOGRAPHICAL DATA LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES DEFINING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PROPERTY DEFINING THE CENTER POINT OF A PROPERTY CORNER LATITUDE LONGITUDE R OF LESS THAN TEN ACRES LATITUDE LONGITUDE Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds NW Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds 42 ° 40 * 70 ° 52- 13 " NE SE SW APPROXIMA TE ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY: 6.2 acres ILIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR GOUNTIOFOUNDARIES STATE: CODE COUNTY CODE STATE: CODE COUNTY: STATE: CODE COUNTY: TNOLLVN CODE STATE: CODE COUNTY: DENIOIY CODE 10 CODE FORMPREPARED BY NAME AND TITLE: Anne R. Wardwell, Survey Director ORGANIZATION Massachusetts Histoirical Commission STREET AND NUMBER: Office of the Secretary, State House CITY OR TOWN: Boston STATE LIAISON OFFICER CERTIFICATION DATE Feb. 23, 1971 Mass.

CODE 25 NATIONAL REGISTER VERIFICATION As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na- tional Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the criteria and procedures set forth by the National Park Service. The recommended level of significance of this nomination is: National State Local phe FXDaroon Secretary of the Commonwealth Chairman Title Massachusetts Historical Commission I hereby certify that this property is included in the Nationa 1 Register. Euet AConialus Chief, Office of Archeology and Historic Presorvation FEB 2 5 1971 Date ATTEST: Date Feb.

23, 1971 Date hilleng suilyh Keeper of The INSTRUCTIONS N3309 STREET WAP1 NEWBURYPORT CENTRAL URBAN RENEWAL AREA AND MARKET SQUARE HISTORIC DISTRICT PIrEI 44A7 Esistins MOTEL AND RESTAURANT Existinz Bulkhegs 3 3a EXISTING SLIP COMMERCIAL WATER -ORIENTED USE STREET PROPOSED COMMERCIALI ASTORIGAL COMMERCIAL STRUCTURES 4 COMMERCIAL FIRE STATION (PUBLIC MERRIMAC STREET SPACE HISTOPNCAD STRUCTURES COMMERCM -COMMERCIAL WARET SOUAA LIEERTY MUNICIPAL PARKING HISTORICAL STRUCTURES COMMERCIAL (O STREET HISTORICAL STRUCTURES COSVERCIAL HIDOLE STATE COMMERCIAL CHURCH PUBLIC - 17 COMMERC VISUAL EASEMENT MUSEUM COMPLEX PLEASANT LEGEND e reme Prcvect Bourdy C Poomry rot to be ac qured 3 Sire No Ussty Eoser.ents NATIONAL REGISTER HISTORIC DISTRICT COMMERCIAL STREET SCALE 50 100 FT.

13381S, MAP :2 RELATIONSHIP OF PARCEL & TO HISTORIC FEATURES M3349 M.rT Existins MOTEL 8 AND RESTAURANT Eristissn zulkheed 8) COMMERCIAL EXISTING SLIP WATER- ORIENTED USE STREET PROPOSED 400% COMMERCIAL HISTORICAL COMMERCIAL STRUCTÙRES COMMERCIAL WATER 200' FIRE STATION ,PUBLIC (3) PUBLIC OPEN SPACE HISTORICAL STRUCTURES COMMERCIAL MERRIMAC STREET (9) PARCEL WARKET SQUARE (6) LIBERTY (4) MUNICIPAL PARKING (2) (5) HISTORICAL STRUCTURES COMMERCIAL STREET HISTORICAL STREET MIDDLE STRUCTURES CON:MERCIAL - COMMERCIAL STREET (5) CHURCH PUBLIC - COMMERCIAL COMMERCIAL- 13381S ESSEX ST. STREET VISUAL EASEMENT MUSEUM COMPLEX (7) STREET PLEASANT LEGEND w Prciect Bourcory ¡ Prosariy na io te acgured unatyCasements (4) HisTorIC FEATUrE (Sea TExT) SCALE 50 100 FT. Esser Co.

RECEIPT DATE OF RECEIPI DATA PAGE 2/25/11 PHOTO (S) 3///7/ PHOTO DESCRIP (S) MAP (S) MAP DESCRIPTION (S) LOGGED ACKNONLEDGE S 25 RESUBMIT YES PROPERIN NO Martit euDintrict SATE NUMBER REGISTER NUMBER 71,2,25.000/ Mass- 2/25/21 2 REVIEW HISTORIAN ARCHAEOLOGIST ARCHITECT ASSI- KEEPER KEEPER ENTRY CHIEE, OAHP EDITORIAL PROCESSING, EDITOR Federal Register Entry Annual Edition Entry Logged Card 2577 726/31 COMMENTE 7-/21 ok" 2/2/1 Chanle 225-71 cin 2/25/71 ExC O 2-25-71 Date WORKING NUMBER 2.25-7/.1 REGISTER DISTRICT: ETT PEABUL Co mup 1) View of facode of. 2-34 State Street, Newba Block 5 - Parcels 1,25,24,6, 23, 22,7,9521 as m Exhibit B- Map of Market Square Histore D. 2) Photo by: Art § Camere, 39 Pleasoat St, Nea 3) Date of Phato: January 25,1971 NPS Number 1/-2 25-000/ 7e20 Matket Squae Yaterec Dustreet LOC. Cuux Co, Mass.

(1) lacades PROPERTY CF TEE NATOWAL REOISTER U = UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with photograph) STATE Mass. COUNTY Essex FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER 11.2.25,0001 2/25f11 NAME COMMON: Market Square Historic District AND/OR HISTORIC: LOCA TION STREET AND NUMBER: State, Merrimac and Water Streets CITY OR TOWN: Newburyport STATE: Mass. CODE 25 COUNTY: Essex PHOTO REFERENCE PHOTO CREDIT: Art and Camera, 39 Pleasant St., Newbur yport DATE OF PHOTO: 1971 NEGATIVE FILED AT: Art and Camera, 39 Pleasant St.. Newburyport IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION, ETC.

View of tacades of 2-34 State Street, Newburyport CODE 009 10) 1) View of Markut Square losking East from Mermen toward 19-22 Market Squore @, down Wat 2) Photo by: Ant á Camera, 39 Plessant St, Newburypo 3) Date of Phato: January 25,1971 NPS Number 71,2,25. 0001 Title: Market Squaue Mish Dixhuat LOc. Neukumport Maed PROPERTY OF THE AATIONAL DERISTER UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with photograph) STATE Mass. COUNTY Essex FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER 11.2.25.0001 ATE 3/25f1) NAME) COMMON: Market Square Historic District AND/OR HISTORIC: LOCA TION STREET AND NUMBER: State, Merrimac and Water Streets CITY OR TOWN: Newburyport STATE: CODE COUNTY: 25 Mass.

PHOTO REFERENCE PHOTO CREDIT: DATE OF PHOTO: NEGATIVE FILED AT: Essex Atrt and Camera, 39 Pleasant St., Newburyport Jan. 25, 1971 Art and Camera, 39 Pleasant St., Newburyport IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION, ETC. iew of Market Square looking Fast from Merrrimac street toward 14-22 Market Square and down Water Street Market Square and down Water Street CODE 009 Form 10-301 (July 1969) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY MAP FORM (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with map) NAME COMMON: AND/OR HISTORIC: LO TION STREET AND NUM BER: CITY OR TOWN: Market Square Historic District State, Merrimac and Water Streets Newburyport STATE: CODE 25 Mass. MAP REFERENCE SOURCE: U.S. G.S. Newburyport East, Mass.- N.H. SCALE: 1:24,000 DATE: 1966 REQUIREMENTS TO BE INCLUDED ON ALL MAPS 1.

Property broundaries where required. 2. North arrow. 3. Latitude and longitude reference. COUNTY: STATE COUNTY Mass. Essex FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER 11.225,0001 125/11 Essex CODE 009 1971 50 HAVERHILL 13 MI. INTERSTATE 95 1.5 Ml. RD FORESI Salisbury Theate FERRY L, 101 /GPASI Long Hill i Gem Browns Point Town Star of the Sea Chapel Water Tank-; **Athletic Field: : C JAllen Rock Toilg Rock SALISBURI STAIE/RESI Lookout) Tower 8BM12 4742 SW 70*52//324 42° 48'409885 523627 42°48'39 70° 52' 2012 4740 47'30" 4739 CORPORATE Maplewood Cem oRadio Tow WNBDL ,Rings Island Light 4 70º52'07 -MERRIMACK- NEWBURYPORT U.S.G.S NEWBURYPORT EAST, MASS. - N.H. 1966 1:24000 scale 110 Vêi D3NEOY Lunt Rock* 15 12 -RIVER Woodbridge "Island Chaces / 7 Plumbush ng Strip.

+1e Pine Little Pine ISLANL 20A0.201 Prne lande Form 10-301 (July 1969) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY MAP FORM (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with map) STATE Mass. COUNTY Essex FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER 71.225.0001 DATE 2/25/7 Z NAME COMMON: Market Square Historic District AND/OR HISTORIC: OGATIOI STREET AND NUM BER: State, Merrimac and Water Streets CITY OR TOWN: Newburyport STATE: CODE 25 Mass. MAP REFERENCE SOURCE: Newburyport Redevelopment Authority SCALE: one inch equals 50 feet DATE: 1970 REQUIREMENTS TO BE INCLUDED ON ALL MAPS 1. Property broundaries where required. 2. North arrow. 3. Latitude and longitude reference. COUNTY: Essex CODE 00.9 CEN Gearaing America's Heritage National Trust for Historic Preservation 748 JACKSON PLACE, N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C.

20006 (202) 382-3304 February 16, 1971 The Honorable George W. Romney The Secretary of the Department of Housing and Urban Development 451 7th Street, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20410 NEVS021P087 REDEV O AUTN Dear Mr. Secretary: We regret the decision not to fund that portion of the Urban Renewal Project, submitted by the Newburyport Redevelopment Authority, providing for restoration of architecturally and historically significant early 19th- century commercial and warehouse buildings surrounding Market Square, Newburyport, Massachusetts. Newburyport is unique as an historic New England port, retaining not only mansion houses and a customs house designed by Robert Mills, but also warehouses and commercial structures, reflecting a completely authentic pic- ture of an early Americar New England shipping and fishing center.

The LPA plan would preserve important heritage for all Americans, at the same time providing Newburyport residents with an urban center retaining the architectural character of its great past. We urge you to reconsider funding this preservation portion of the program, particularly in light of the President's message on the environment, in which he explicitly recognized that those environmental qualities and amenities resulting from the preservation of buildings and areas illustrating the history and culture of our nation should be the right of all Americans. Sincerely, fonfile President cc: Hon.Tohn F. X. Davoren, SLO Representative Michael Harrington NMr. Paul McGinley, Newburyport Redevelopment Authority Mr. Robert G. Neiley, AIA-SPC Dr. William H.

Pierson, Tr., NT Advisor N Newburyport Redevelopment Authority 55 Pleasant Street Telephone 465-8766 NEWBURYPORT, MASSACHUSETTS 01950 February 19, 1971 Mr. Norman V. Watson Assistant Secretary for Renewal Department of Housing and Urban Development 7th & D Streets S. W. Washington, D. C. 20410 Attention: Mr. William Brennan Dear Mr. Watson: As you are aware your department recently eliminated funds for the restoration of historic buildings from our Amendatory Part I - Part II Application for Loan and Grant for the Central Business District Project, Mass. R-80. Discussions with your staff indicated that these funds were elimi- nated since the historic properties are not currently on the National Register of Historic Places.

During the replanning of this project HUD Regional Office staff agreed that restoration costs were clearly eligible in accordance with the Urban Renewal Handbook RHA 7207.1, Chapter 2 page 4 and 4-1. The retention and restoration of these historic buildings are valuable, not only to this project, but as the last in-tact example an early 19th Century market square in this country. The importance of these buildings is reflected in a letter which Mr. James Biddle, President of the National Trust for Historic Pre- servation, sent to Secretary Romney earlier this week. In his letter Mr. Biddle expresses his regret that the preservation funds were eliminated and urges reconsideration of this matter. A copy of Mr. Biddle's letter is attached. We are now proceeding expeditiously to place Market Square on the National Register. This process is being closely coordinated with Dr.

Richard Hale of the Massachusetts Historical Commission; Mr. William Murtaugh, Keeper of the National Register and the HUD Boston Area Office. All necessary documentation was submitted to the Massachusetts Historical Commission yesterday for their review and certification. It is estimated that the findings of the Massachusetts Historical Commission will be in the hands of Mr. William Murtaugh, Keeper of the National Register by February 24 FEB 2 2 1971 Mr. Normand V. Watson -2- February 19, 1971 25. It is anticipated that the Market Square Historic District will be on the National Register shortly thereafter. It is important that the Department of Housing and Urban Development reconsider the funding of the historic preservation element of our renewal project.

It is particularly important in light of President Nixons' recent message to Congress on the environment in which he indicated: "..... American cities from Boston and Washington to Charleston, New Orleans, San Antonio, Denver and San Francisco reflect in the architect of their buildings a uniqueness and character that is to rapidly disap- /pearing under the bulldozer." The President also strongly urged the preservation and rehabilitation of historic sites and buildings. In our Newburyport urban renewat project, your department nas a inique opportunity to carry out the President's mandate to preserve a critically important historic area. This is an urban renewal project that was to destroy a unique assemblage of historic buildings but has now been revised after much effort to retain and preserve them.

We are placing Market Square on the National Register and are hereby requesting that your Department make available the necessary funds to preserve this historic area. We look forward to an early decision so that we can move forward to preserve this historic area. Executive Director PJMcG/j1 Enclosure cc Susan Lang, Boston Area Office Dr. Richard Hale National Trust Congressman Michael J. Harrington Senator, Edward Brooke Senator/ Edward M. Kennedy William Murtaugh v SE PETIT CPLACI SKR LIBEATATO TUL John F. X. Daroren Secrelary of the Commonvealtn The Commonwealth of Massachusetts Ofice of the Secretary Peate House, Boston 02133 February 23, 1971 Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation 19th Street Washington, D. C.

20006 Attention Miss Sally Marusin AIR MAIL-SPECIAL DELIVERY Dear Sally, Enclosed are forms for 2 entries that I am sure you have heard about, Market Square Newburyport and the Custom House, Newburyport. The Market Square form includes 2 glossy 8by 10 black and white photos with separate photo identification sheets, a Xerox of the pertinent U.S.G.S. map with separate cartographic identification sheet, A Newburypot Redevelopment authority map, with separate identitication sheet, and continuatior sheets,/+2. The Custom House form includes one 5x7 glossy black and white photograph with identification sheet and a Xerox of the pertinent U.S.G.S. map with identification sheet. I am sure that since you are already aware of the reason for the hasty delivery of the forms, you will expedite their processing. /aw Sincerely, Cuuz Anne R.

Wardwell Survey Director Massachusetts Historical Commission ENSE PETI The Commonvealth of Massachusetts ffice of the Secretary Peate House, Boston 02133 John F. X. Daroren Secretary of the Commonvealth February 23, 1971 Mrs. Sally Marusin Assistant Editor, National Register Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation Room 618 801 19th Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. Dear Mrs. Marusin, Our office has just mailed to you a nomination form requesting National Register status for the Market Square Historic Distriet in Newburyport, Massachusetts. We have just discovered that one blank on the nomination form was accidentally omitted in typing the final version and would like to correct that oversight. Under section 8 of the form (historical significance), the blank for specific dates should read 1811-1832.

I believe you will find these dates pencilled in but not typed on the form as it was mailed to you. We apologize for this oversight on our part and hope that it will not cause you any inconvenience in the processing of the Market Square nomination form. Sincerely, Ouuz Anne R. Wardwell Survey Director, Massachusetts Historical Commission ARW/pam File: Newburyport Redevelopment AAuthority 55 Pleasant Street Telephone 465-8766 NEWBURYPORT, MASSACHUSETTS 01950 February 25, 1971 Mr. Norman V. Watson Assistant Secretary for Renewal Department of Housing and Urban Development 7th and D Streets S.W. Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. Watson: This is in reference to a request from your office today relative to the restoration of our Urban Renewal funds. Please be advised that the entire Market Square Distriat in Newburyport. is about to be momentarily place on the National Register.

The Massachusetts Historical Commission has acted affirmatively and strongly urged the Keeper of the National Register to place this District on the National Register. We are hereby reaffirming our request as stated in our letter of February 19, 1971 which requested the restoration of our Historic funds. A copy of this letter is attached for your reference and clearly outlines the needs and paramount importance to restore these funds to our budget. We strongly urge your immediate action and look forward to hearing from you in the near future. Very truly yours, Pard f cefinn Paul J. McGinley Executive Director PJMcG/C Enclosure cc: Miss Susan Lang, Boston Area Office Dr. Richard Hale National Trust Mr.

William Murtaugh Senator Edward Kennedy Senator Edward Brooke Congressman Michael Harrington MAR 1 1971 - FEB 2 5 1971 H30-ER BASIC FILE RETAINED IN HR cc: Director, Northeast Region 2/25/71 HR SMarusin:mm Hon. Edwazd M. Kennedy United States Senate. Washington, D. C. Deas Senator Kennedy: We are pleased toinfora you that the historic properties listed on the enclosure have been nominated by the State Miaison Ofticer apposated by the Governor for the iaplementation of the National Historic Preservation Progran in Massachusetts and have been entered into the Mational Register of Historic Places. Senator Edward W. Brooke and Representative Michael J. Harrington have also been provided with this information. By copy of this letter, the State Liaison Officer, Ion. John F. X.

Davoren, Secretary of the Connonvealth, Chaizman, Nassachusette Historical Conmission, Office of the Seczetary, State fouse, Boston, Massachusetts 02133, has 1ikewise been notified. A leaflet explaining the National Register 1s enclosed. Sincerely yours, (Signed) Director Inclosures Intered in the National Regieter cc: Hon. John F. X. Davoren, Secretary of the Commonwealth, Chairman, Massachusetts Historical Commission, Office of the Secretary, State House, Boston, Massachusetts 02133 Also notified: Hon. Edward W. Brooke United States Senate Washington, D. C. Hon. Michael J. Harrington House of Representatives Washington, D. C. Properties added to the National Register of Historic Places MASSACHUSETTS : Mazket Square Historic District U.S. Custons House Essex County, Massachusetts Essex County, Massachusetts FEB 2 5 1971 H30-HR Hon. John P. X.

Davoren Secretary of the Conmonwealth Chairman, Massachusetts Historical Comniasion Office of the Secretary State House Boston, Massachusetts 02133 Dear Mr. Davoren: We aze pleased to inform you that the historie propertles listed on the enclosure have been placed on the National Register of Historie Places. Senators Edward M. Kennedy and Edward N. Brooke and Representative Michael J. Harrington are being infozmed. A leaflet explaining the National Register is enclosed for each of the property owners. Please withhold any publioity on this until you have received a carbon copy of the Congressional correspondence. Sincerely yours, (Signed) Directox Enclosures Entered in the National Register FEB 2 5 1971 CC : HR SMarusin:mm 2/25/71 BASIC FILE RETAINED IN HR File October 19, 1972 Mr. Floyd H.

Hlyde Assistant Secretary for Cormunity Development Department of Housing and Urban Development 451 7th Street, S.W. Washington, D. C. 20410 Dear Mr. Eyde: In response to your conditional letter of September 29, 1972, requesting the conments of the Advisory Ceunei1 on Historic Preservation on the pro- posed disposition of Parcel 8 within the Newburyport, Massachusetts, Central Business Urban Reneval Project Area (MASS-R-80) to a private devel- oper for the construction of a conmercial building adjacent to the Market Square llistoric Diatrict, a National Register property, and as a result of subsequent consultations with Mr.

Lawrence Houstoun of your staff, in accor- dance with the Advisory CouncilProcedures for Compliance With Section 106, published in the Federal Register (Part II, Volume 37, Number 51, March 15, 1972), we have placed the matter on the agenda of the next meeting of the Advisory Council, scheduled for November 15-16, 1972. For the purpose of arriving at conments under Section 106, the Couneil has prescribed that certain reports be nade available to it, including one from the Federal agency having responsibility for the undertaking. Therefore, we request that you furnish the Counci1 a report that contains the following: 1.

A general discussion of the proposed undertaking which might include a review and status of Newburyport Central Business Urban Renewal Project, MASS-R-80 (ineluding proposed waterfront development), the relationship of proposed development of Pareel 8 to the pian, a chronology of events, and an account of allocation and disbursement of funds. 2. An evaluation of the effects of the undertaking upon the National Register property which might include an evaluation of the historie, architectural, archeological and cultural resources of the historie district and the effects on these resources, with specific reference to architectural compatibility and the impact on the historie scene, and a sumnary of economie studies regarding the proposed development of Parcel 8 and the relationship to the restoration of the adjacent conmercial properties within the historie district. 3.

An account of steps taken to comply with Section 102(2)(a) of the lational Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (83 Stat. 42 U.S.C. 4332), and a copy of the draft environmental statement or negative declaration pursuant to Section 102(c) of the Act. 4. Steps taken or proposed by the agency to take into account or mininize the adverse effects, if any, of the undertaking. 5. A diseussion of alternatives, and their feasibility, to remove or satisfacterily aitigate any adverse effeets. In addition to flfty copies of the Section 106 Report, which should be subnitted by lovember 1, the Counei1 would also 11ke to have an oral presentation at the lovember neeting.

The Coune11 would welcome the participation in the oral presentation of your report of the partles directly affected by your decision in this natter, such as the Newbury- port Redevelopment Authority and the private contractor, with the condi- tion that they submit written statements to the Counei1 in conjunction with your report. It would greatly facilitate the deliberations of the Councilifyourrepresentatives present at the Noveuber meeting would be prepared to ansver questions concerning the proposed undertaking. The Counei1 will begin consideration of the proposed undertaking at 9:30 a.m., Wednesday, Noveaber15,In Room 2010, New Executive Office Butlding, 17th and Il Streets, N.V., Washington, D. C. Sincerely yours, SIGNED S. E. Stevens Chairman CC: Hon. John F. X. Davoren, State Liaison Officer for Historic Preservation Dr. S. K. Stevens, Chairman D, Mr. Hartzog DD, Mx.

Flynn SOL, Mr. Meyer LPH. Mr. Utley DDG, Mr. Garvey All Council Members KCTapman: JDM: res LAW OFFICES MORTON, REED & COUNTS 702 CORBY BUILDING ST. JOSEPH. MISSOURI 64501 AREA CODE 816 232-6787 October 21, 1972 WILLIAM M. MORTON DAVID H. MORTON RONALD S. REED, JR. JAMES H. COUNTS Mr. Roger Holt Assistant for Legal Services National Trust for Historic Preservation 140 Jackson Place, N.W. Washington, D.C. In re: Demolition of Market Square Historic District Dear Mr. Holt: Last spring at my request you forwarded to me the amicus curae brief in South Hill Neighborhood Assn v. Romney. Our situation has deteriorated since then, and on Friday October 13, 1972, The Land Clearance for Redevelopment Authority of St. Joseph commenced demolition of the Historic District, but has been stopped by Temporary Restraining Order of the U. S. District Court for the Western Distriat of Missouri.

Tuesday October 24 at 10:00 A.M. the Court will hear our Complaint for Prelimi- nary Injunction. I am enclosing a copy of our Complaint. I am advised by MI. Richard Frank, an architect whe 1s now conducting a survey of the historically and archi- tecturally significant buildings in the Urban Renewal area, that Dr.William Murtagh has some precedent for holding each has bone that the important date as between the approval of an urban renewal plan and a building going on the national register is the date that the process of registration was commenced. This is a departure from all cases I have been able to locate, and I would appreciate any new information in this connection.

I would particularly appreciate any information from the Environmental Law Reporter and the Bureau National Affairs Environmental Law Service indicating inroads on the decisions Kent County Council for Historic Preservation v. Romney, 304 F. Supp. 885and South Hill Neighborhood Ass'n v. Romney, 421 F. 2d 454, 25 L.Ed.2d 534, 90 S.Ct. 1261. These services are not available here. Sincerely, Sarredl. Mnorton CC: Dr. William Murtagh National Park Service DHM : S Enc1. P.S. Please call collect if youhaveany helpful information. Essex Co. Mass, Advisory Council on Historic Preservation 1522 K Street N.W. -Washington, D.C. 20005 JUL 2 0 1978 Honorable Richard E.

Sullivan Mayor, City of Newburyport City Hall Green and Pleasant Streets Newburyport, Massachusetts 01950 Dear Mayor Sullivan: We have been informed that the proposed redevelopment of Lot #l in the Newburyport Central Business District Urban Renewal Project (Mass-R-80) with Community Development Block Grant funds, an undertaking of the City of Newburyport, may have an effect on the Market Square Historic District, Newburyport, Massachusetts, a property included in the National Register of Historic Places. Please investigate this matter since the use of Community Development funds requires that you obtain the comments of the Council in accordance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (16 sattonati LiEtor Free U.S.C. 470f, as amended, 90 Stat. 1320).

when a National Register property Steps to determine this responsibility are set forth in Section 800.4 of the Council's "Procedures for the Protection of Historic and Cultural Properties" (36 CFR Part. 800). A copy of the Council's Procedures is enclosed. The Councilrequests that you report the results of your investigation to this office at the.earliest opportunity. If you have further questions or require assistance, please call Sharon Conway at 202-254-3967. Thank you for your cooperation. Sincerely, Sguea Myra F. Harrison Assistant Director Office of Review and Compliance Enclosure The Council is an independent unit of the Executive Branch of the Federal Government charged by the Act of October 15, 1966 to advise tbe President and Congress in the fieid of Historic Preservation. NR Advisory Council on Historic Preservation 1522 K Street N.W. Washington, D.C. 20005 Esçex Co.

Mas AUG 2 1978 Mr. Anthony Corbisiero Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service Federal Building 600 Arch Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106 Dear Mr. Corbisiero: We have been informed that a proposed Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service waterfront improvement program may affect the Market Square Historic District, Newburyport, Massachusetts, a property included in the National Register of Historic Places. Please investigate this matter to determine whether the nature of the effect requires that you obtain the comments of the Council in accordance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 470f, as amended, 90 Stat. 1320). Steps to determine this responsibility are set forth in Section 800.4 of the Council's "Procedures for the Protection of Historic and Cultural Properties" (36 CFR Part 800).

The Council requests that you report the results of your investigation to this office at the earliest opportunity. If you have further questions or require assistance, please call Ms. Sharon Conway at 202-254-3967. Thank you for your cooperation. Sincerely yours, Signed Myra F. Harrison Assistant Director Office of Review and Compliance Tbe Council is an independent unit of the Executive Branch of the Federal Government charged by the Act of October 15,1966 to advise the President and Congress in the field of Historic Preservation. H-L6 (A-22) oca 10-317 (Seps. 1957) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL SURVEY OF HISTORIC SITES AND BUILDINGS 1. STATE 2. THEME(S). IF ARCHEOLOGICAL SITE, WRITE "ARCH" BEFORE THEME NO Maccachusetts Thene XX Architecture (Part II, 1783-1830) 3.NAMEIS) OF SITE 4. APPROX. ACREAGE Market Square Historic District 1 aere 5.

EXACT LOCATION (County, ioanship, ronds, de. If difieult to find, aieach on Suppianentery Sheet) Newhurport, Essex County. 6. NAME AND ADDRESS OF PRESENT OWNER (Alao administrater if elferent from otuner) Private. 7. IMPORTANCE, AND DESCRIPTION ( Deacribe brtefly ohat makes site importani ond what remalns are erlan!) The three-story brick buildings standing on Market Square today are representative or the typical town house architecture of the Federal period, Founded in 1642, Newburyport soon became an important fishing, shipbuilding, and trading center. Between 1681 and 1741, 107 ships were Launchea from the town's shiryards, and by 1805 Newburyport stood ninth in the rarks of shipowing communities in the United States. In 1811 a fire burned 15 acres in the heart of the city to the ground. Included in this destruction were the earlier buildings that stood on Market Square.

The city at once rebuilt and the approxinately 3+ old houses now facing on triangular-shaped Market Square thus date from the reconstruction of 1811. These three-story brick houses contain shops on the first floor and living quarters on the upper two floors. The buildings abut each other, sharing common party walls, and are generally in fair condition. Most of the structures are relatively little-altered on their facade, except for the use of large signs, and their ground iloors are still largely utilized for conmercial purposes. There is one later, or heavily remodelled, building intruding on the northvest side of' the square and about one-halt of the northeast side is now occupied by structures that were built long after 1811. 3.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES (Gice best sources; gire locution of manuscripts and rare worka) Dorothy and Richard Prett, A Cuide to Early American Homes--North (New Yorit, 1956), 17-18; Nessschusetts: s: A Guide to 1ts Places People (American Guide Series) (Boston, 1937), 291-95, 415-416; Fiske Kimball, Domestic Architecture of the Anerican Colonies and of the Early Republic (New York 1922) 2.10.. 32,. 277,_ 210. 9. REPORTS AND STUDIES ( Mention best zeporta aud studics, as, NPS stndy, TIABS, etc.) Historic Anerican Building Survey: None. /4156-57, 4296-4201. IOTOSRAPHS* 11. CONDITION 12. PRESENT USE (Museum, jarrs, etc.) 13. DATE OF VISIT ATTACHEY S SES COX 10 C Poor Shops-Residences. Sept. 8, 1967 14. AA OF FECORDER ((Signatura) 15. TITLE 16. DATE Frell Charles W. Snel1 Historian Jan. 18, 1968 * RY MOUMI CM AM 9 X 1016 SNEET OF FAIRLY HEAVY PAPER.

IDENTIFY BY VIEW ANO NAME OF THE SITE, DATE OF PHOTOGRAPH, AND NAME OF PHOTOGRAPHER LOCATION OF NEGATIVE. IF ATTACHED, ENCLOSE IN PROPER MEGATIVE ENVELOPES (F ADDIONAL SPACE IS NEEDED USE SUPPLEMENTARY SHEET, 10-31Je, AND REFER TO ITEM NUMBER) 7= : 6 N< - S K 4198 .157- Buildimpim this area Much hater than 1811. Market Sguare Traffic islaadt 4200 K Torac islardt - t5/ INN st. 4156- 4196 420/ Photogranh hocation Map of VIcws Taticn of 1811 Burlchings Sitvatod on Mattet Square, Newburyport, Mass. C.W.SNC// 11/29/67 SOONGnW BM 25 BOSTON reete NalIsNuLy Drive-in - Theater C. Long =EiliGem BEACHP 16 bóck Gravel 20. 10 RARKER CORPORATE te Conception ibrary Oak Hillo Cem -Water Tarík Praver Newbury Sch ROAD Maplewood Cem o Radio Tower (WNBD) Morril PA Rings Island cotfin Point -Light BOUNDARY -MERRIMACK- Sewage Disposal.

NEWBURYPORT Joppa JOP PA Library Reservoirs SEAWALL Todal Flat First Rarish Burying Ground LANE BM 11 PTLES -COUNTY ROAD Hope Chape Browns Paint Allen Rock- Tollgate 21 SALISBURY BEA STATE RESERVA VoS. GoS. 7o5 Minute Series, Newburyport East Quadrangles Massachusetts- New Hampshire, 1966. Newburyport Historic Districts Massachusetts gers Roc RIVER Newburyport Ligen F LATS Woodbridge Island BOUNDARY Chaces Seal1 CORPORATE PLUM Landing Strip Plumbush :ISLAND Plumbush TURNTI 11 Creek Little Pinr 1:l00d Market Square-Typical Federal Period Architecture Newburyport, Mass. Sept. 8, 1967 Charles W. Snell Western Reg. Neg. 4200 (See 4156 and 4157) Market Square - Typical Federal Period Architecture Newburyport, Massachusetts Sept. 8, 1967 Charles W. Snell Western Reg. Neg. 4156 Market Square--Typical Federal Period Architecture Newburyport, Mass. Sept. 8, 1967 Charles W. Snell Western Reg.

Neg. 4201 (see 4196) Market Square--Typical Federal Period Architecture Newburyport, Massachusetts Sept. 8, 1967 Charles W. Snell Western Reg. Neg. 4157 Sept. 8, 1967 Market Square--Typical Federa] Period Architecture Newburyport, Mass. Charles W. Snell Western Reg. Neg. 4196 (see 4201) Market Square--Typical Federal Period Architecture Newburyport, Mass. Sept. 8, 1967 Charles W. Snell Western Reg. Neg. 4198 (see 4157) ADVISORY COUNCIL ON HISTORIC PRESERVATION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20240 REPORT OF. THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY ON MARKET SQUARE HISTORIC DISTRICT NEWBURYPORT, MASSACHUSETTS THE COUNCIL, en independent ageney of the Erecutive Branch of the Federal Gorernment, is charged by the Act of October 15.

1966, with adviving the President and Congress in the feld of Historie Presereation, commeeting on Federal, federally cssiated,and federally Lieenard undertakinga having efject upon properties listed in the National Regiater of Historic Places, recommending measures to coordinate governmental with pricate activities, advising the dissemination of infornation, encouraging juiblie interest and participation. recon- mending the conduct of special studies, advising in the prevaration of legination, anl encouraging speciahzed training eni education, and guiding the United States membership in the International Centre for the Staly of the Preservation and the Reatoration of Cultural Property in Rome. Italv. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction . I. Assessment of Architectural, Archeological, Historical and Cultural Significance of Market Square Historic District . - A.

Historical Context of Newburyport B. Emergence of a Town Plan C. National Significance as à Unique Historical Survival. II. Verification of Legal and Historical Status of the National Register Property. - - A. Nomination and Registration B. Current Status III. The Proposed Federal Undertaking and Its Effects on National Register Property - A. Background - B. The Development of Parcel 8 1. Relationship to urban renewal plan 2. Building proposed for Parcel 8 3. Relationship to Historic District 4. Evaluation of effects - C. The Proposed Development of the Waterfront 1. Relationship to urban renewal plan 2. Proposals for development 3. 4 Relationship to Historic District - - Relationship to archeological resources 5. Evaluation of effects .... - D. The Proposed Redevelopment of the Historic District 1. Historic propertiés to be rehabiiitated 2. Rehabilitation criteria. - 3.

Other proposed improvements : 4. Evaluation of effects - 5 5 7 8 10 10 12 13 13 13 13 17 18 22 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 37 38 39 11 IV. Alternatives A. Development of Parcel 8 B. Proposed Development of the Waterfront C. Proposed Redevelopment of the Historic District - Conclusion 41 41 42 43 Maps #1 Newburyport Central Urban Renewal Area and Market Square Historic District. - - #2 Relationship of Parcel 8 to Historic Features . 13a 18a INTRODUCTION This report concerns the Newburyport Central Business Urban Renewal Project and its impact on the Market Square Historic District, a National Register property. The project is directed by the Newburyport Redevelopment Authority (NRA) with assistance from the Department of Housing and Urban Develop- ment (HUD). The urban renewal project involves $3,116,528 of Federal monies in a loan and grant contract to the NRA.

Of this amount,approximately 13%,$405,000, is allocated by HUD for historic preservation within the Market Square Historic District. The project has been in the planning stages since 1962, and the original loan and grant contract was executed on August 18, 1966. As initially conceived, the renewal plan proposed total clearance of the historic waterfront commercial area. Subsequent local recognition of the historic values involved, however, resulted in amendments in 1968 and 1970 to provide for the retention of most of the historic structures.

According to the NRA "Market Square is the last remaining intact example of an early 19th Century market place and is an outstanding example of federal period architecture." In a letter of February 17, 1971 to the Massachusetts Liaison Officer for Historic Preservation, the NRA urged "that our historic buildings be included on the National Register, provided that urban renewal funds are restored to our budget." The Commonwealth of Massachusetts nominated the present Market Square Historic District for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places on February 25, 1971. The District was placed on the National Register on the same day. Immediately thereafter, in April 1971, the loan and grant contract was amended, and the $405,000 in project funds was restored by HUD to the NRA for preservation and restoration in the Market Square area.

Bids for the development of the first new building (Parcel 8) under the urban renewal plan were recelved on september , 1971, and on April 11, 1972, the NRA Board chose the Merrimack & Atlantic Development Corporation as the developer of the parcel. In July 1972, a group of local citizens, the Friends 2 of the Newburyport Waterfront, voiced their concern that the proposed design of the new building was incompatible with existing structures scheduled for restoration. They contacted HUD, raising the question of the applicability of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act to the undertaking.

After informal communication with the Council, meetings were held on September 6 and 8, 1972, between the NRA, HUD, and representatives of the Massachusetts Liaison Officer for Historic Preservation, to redesign the facade of the proposed building in order to make it more compatible with the adjacent historic properties. By letter of September 14, 1972, M. Daniel Richardson, Director of the HUD Area Office in Boston, notified the Advisory Council that the original plans for a new building adjacent to the Historic District had been determined to constitute an adverse effect, but that this adversity had been minimized or removed by redesign of the facade. He concluded with a request for a consultation. On September 18, representatives of the Compliance Office convened with local, state and Federal officials in Newburyport for the initial meeting.

The State Liaison Officer and the Federal agency agreed that the building, as redesigned, was no longer adverse. The Council staff, however, disagreed. The basis of this disagreement was outlined in a report, "Preliminary Determina- tion of Adversity," which was delivered to HUD on September 26. A week later, on October 2, a further meeting was held between HUD and Council representatives, but the conferees were still unable to resolve the issue. On October 4, the Advisory Council received a letter dated September 29, from Assistant Secretary Hyde of HUD, requesting that the matter be placed on the Council agenda for the next meeting.

At a subsequent meeting between HUD and Council representatives on October 13, it was determined that no agreement could be reached on a determination of adversity, there could be no discussion of any alternatives to remove or satisfactorily mitigate any adverse effects, and therefore the matter should proceed to the Council for comment. During this time, the Mayor of Newburyport stated that no further review of the project would occur and that a building permit would be issued immediately. By telegram of September 21, HUD advised the NRA "not to-proceed with the conveyance of 3 Parcel 8 to the redeveloper until further notice." On September 22, a building permit for Parcel 8 was issued, and since that time preliminary grading and excavation has occurred on the site.

The following are the major issues to be considered in comment- ing on the proposed urban renewal plan for the Newburyport Central Business Urban Renewal Project: 1. The Development of Parcel 8 - A determination of adversity regarding the parcelization and design for the construction of a new commercial building as it affects the Market Square Historic District. - A determination of whether any alternatives to the present design of Parcel 8 are feasible or prudent. 2. The Proposed Development of the Waterfront Parcels - An evaluation of design guidelines and criteria established by the NRA. 3. The Proposed Redevelopment of the Historic District - An evaluation of NRA restoration and preserva- tion guidelines. 4.

New Construction and Historic Preservation - A determination of whether urban renewal fund- ing for new construction is being used compati- bly with the funding for preservation within the Historic District, and in conformance to Executive Order 11593. In making the above determinations, it should be recognized that the development under the urban renewal plan for downtown Newburyport is not simply an issue of historic preservation. Implementation of the plan will bring economic benefits essential to the city through taxes and increased business enterprise in an improved and modernized commercial district. In addition, because it is 10 years since HUD first approved funds for survey and planning, the construction of the first new building has symbolic importance for the citizens of Newburyport.

However, it should also be recognized that this development will take place within a historic area unique because of the survival of so many historic properties, only some of which are included in the Market Square Historic District. As stated by the NRA: Newburyport is the classic example of federal archi- tecture in the entire country and Market Square may be described as its most important arrangement of federal structures. The buildings, individually and collec- tively, are redolent with the aura of Newburyport's heritage, its links with the sea, with ships and with maritime commerce. The picturesque shapes and masses of the buildings and the rich color of their brick surfaces evoke images of a potentially tasteful resto- ration.

Market Square, surrounded on all sides by these multi-story brick structures, retains its atmos- phere and its unique relationship with the past of this old seaport city. Finally, due to the availability of open space and the intimate relationshio between the historic district and the total urban renewal area, a singular opportunity exists for a renewal project to successfully integrate urban redevelopment and historic preservation. I. ASSESSMENT OF THE ARCHITECTURAL, ARCHEOLOGICAL, HISTORICAL, AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MARKET SQUARE HISTORIC DISTRICT A. Historical Context of Newburyport Through the more than two centuries that New England looked to the sea for its sustenance, the port cities dotting its rugged coastline acquired distinctive characters; while sharing a common dependence upon a maritime economy, each became identified with a partic- ular facet of sea life.

Thus, Nantucket and New Bed- ford sent their whalers to the South Seas; Salem and Boston grew rich in the lucrative East India trade; the fisherman of Gloucester, Beverly, and Marblehead became the provenders for a considerable portion of eastern America; Belfast flourished with the growth of Maine's mammoth lumber industry; and Newburyport, although ultimately unable to keep pace with many of her sister ports in a changing New England economy, sustained herself as a major coastal commercial center from the 17th to the mid-19th century through a thrifty combination of trade, fishing and most importantly, shipbuilding. Situated 35 miles north of Boston at the mouth of the Merrimack River close to the open sea; Newburyport was a thriving city by the time of the Revolution.

Three days before the tamous Boston lea party, Newburyport demonstrated her patriotic zeal with a tea party of her own. With the outbreak of war, the city's shipyards turned to fitting out privateers that took a heavy toll among the British fleet off the North Atlantic coast. One of the vessels launched from the yards of Newburyport, the revenue cutter Massachusetts, formed the nucleus of the United States Coast Guard. But it was in the three decades between the end of the Revolution and the War of1812 that Newburyport reached the zenith of its economic prowess as one of half a dozen Massachusetts ports that accounted for 88% of the American fishing fleet and made their State the principal ship-owning commonwealth of the Americas. 6 Newburyport itself ranked ninth among American ship- owning cities, exceeded in Massachusetts only by Boston and Salem.

For a time she led New England in the production of ocean-going vessels, and in 1805, the city ranked third in New England and seventh in the United Stated in the volume of customs receipts received at her wharves. Newburyport was the emporium for the lumber and produce of much of the New England hinterland during this period, and the capital generated by the enterprise of her merchants built one of the earliest American canals, and spanned the Merrimack with the first suspension bridge in the United States.

At the same time, Newburyport boasted, as historian Samuel Eliot Morison has pointed out, "a society inferior to that of no other town on the continent." The embargo of 1807 sounded the knell for this golden era, but for several decades thereafter, Newburyport retained a leading position among the seaside cities of New England--a position enabling her to build a substantial and extensive commercial district in the wake of a disastrous fire in 1811 which reduced to ashes some sixteen acres of business houses along the waterfront. During the 1840's and 1850's, the city blossomed again as its shipyards produced the graceful clipper ships that marked the climax of the age of sail. But, in the post-Civil War pertod, as steam replaced sail, and the estuary of the Merrimack silted up, Newburyport suffered economic decline. the city was eclipsed by many of her old rivals.

ivasidy, few factories were established during New England's industrial period, but time and circumstance largely removed Newburyport from the mainstream of progress, and the capital of a former generation flowed into the upriver textile centers of Lowell and Manchester. Newburyport slumbered. But precisely because she had remained relatively static while many other New England communities turned to manufacturing, a group of social scientists during the 1930's found the sedate, tradition-oriented community an ideal location for an exhaustive study of New England seaboard society. The B. 7 result was the famous Yankee City series, now a classic in its field, which discussed in myriad detail the life and mores of a vanishing type of civilization.

Newburyport, like the rest of the nation, would undergo enormous transition in the mid-twentieth century, but the physical evidence of a great past remained. he physicransition Emergence of a Town Plan While the years since the Second World War have ushered in change, Newburyport still possesses an expressive streetscape, one that evidences the vital link between city and river, and the omnipresence of the sea through a history reaching back to the earliest years of English settlement on the New England coast. Originally part of the Town of Newbury, founded in 1635 on the nearby Parker River, the "waterside" area, as the future site of Newburyport was known, soon acquired a separate sense of identity.

By the end of the 17th century, the genesis of the town's street pattern had already begun to emerge in the public "ways" which extended from the tidelands at the river's edge to the arterial thoroughfares that would later evolve into Merrimac and High Streets. A growing city preserved this important public access to the wharves, ferries, and landings along the waterfront, and beside them arose the business firms, warehouses, and sail lofts that reflected Newburyport's significance as one of the most active ports in the Northeast by the late 1700's. On the heights above the river, the sea captains and merchants of the city erected imposing pudite bulldings and tall, elegant mansions rivaling those of Salem, while it is reported that Samuel Mcintire raised the slender, handsomely-proportioned steeple of the First Parish Meeting House, today's Unitarian Church.

"The houses, taken collectively," wrote Timothy Dwight after visiting Newburyport in 1800, "make a better appearance than those of any other town in New England . . - Indeed, an air of wealth, taste, and elegance, is spread over this beautiful spot with the cheerfulness and brilliancy, to which I know no rival." C. 8 The focal point of Newburyport's brisk commercial life was Market Square, at the convergence on the waterfront of four major streets, and the bustling activity within the long rows of business houses radiating from this open, central space was indicative of the city's prosperity. Following the fire of 1811, the ordinances regulating construction in the area further under- scored the importance of Market Square and the streets branching from it.

Only the noncombustible building materials of brick and stone were to be employed, and the result was a commercial district exceptional for its visual uniformity and substantial character. To this complex was added, in 1823, a brick Market House immediately to the west of the Sauare, and in 1835, Robert Mills designed the Greek Revival-style granite Custom House which stands on Water Street some distance to the east. National Significance as a Unique Historical Survival The relatively intact survival of the commercial district surrounding Market Square, and of a street- scape mirroring the colorful past of an old and historic city, has given Newburyport a unique, if heretofore little-recognized importance.

For today, with its cluster of Federal-style business houses, 1ts early churches and public edifices, and its closely- related 18th and 19th century residential district, Newburyport represents perhaps the last opportunity to experience, in its totality, the environment at once imposed by and evolved out of Federalist New England's maritime economy. Furthermore, archeological investigation at the foot of State Street, on the site of Watts' Cellar, a store- house and starting point of a "way" to the water mentioned in public records as early as 1635, may yield historic artifacts from one of the few possibly undisturbed sites of incipient New England Colonization. The fine Federal-style commercial districts once possessed by Boston, Salem, Newport, New Bedford, and Belfast have either disappeared or been so heavily 9 encroached upon and compromised as to be virtually unrecognizable.

Nantucket, though for the most part unspoiled, is of a different vintage and reflects another facet of New England's maritime history. Only in Newburyport is there to be found an extensive commercial area cohesively related through a meaning- ful town plan to a little-disturbed residential district in a community whose physical character is a product of Federalist New England's maritime economy. John P. Marquand, a native of Newburyport, has aptly described the city as "a kind of New England Pompeii," buried intact under the ash of an eruptive change in New England's economy. 10 II. VERIFICATION OF THE LEGAL AND HISTORICAL STATUS OF THE NATIONAL REGISTER PROPERTIES A.

Nomination and Registration The Market Square Historic District and the Custom House were nominated by the Commonwealth of Massachu- setts to the National Register in separate applications on February 25, 1971, and the properties were entered on the National Register on the same day, February 25, The National Register form for the Market Square Historic District shows that it was determined to be of national significance in the history of American architecture and commerce. The attributes mentioned in the Register form and considered by the Massachusetts Liaison Officer, the State Review Board, and the Keeper of the National Register to qualify the District for Register status were the following: 1.

Unique architectural coherence This is created by rows of brick shops and dwell- ings similar in style, proportion, size and appearance, all built between 1811 and 1832 under a strict building code passed after the disastrous fire on May 31, 1811. Among the characteristics noted are: - consistent use of brick laid in common bond - stepped parapets serving as fire walls, which incorporate chimney stacks, and break the ridge roof lines - consistent rhythm of three-story height and three-bay width of the row structures - modest modillioned cornices and occasional iron cresting on the roofs 11 - use of continuous granite lintels, some of which were later replaced by cast iron beams, allowing the wide window openings for shops on the first floor 2.

Outstanding individual buildings The most significant of these are: - The Market House (1823), a two-story building constructed of brick and granite of the same height as the others in the District. 3. individual nomination for its national signifi- cance in architecture and commerce. This two- story plus basement rectangular building of gray granite with a single-story entrance porch was designed in the Neoclassical style by Robert Mills, who also supervised its constru- tion. In 1836 Mills was named by President Jackson "architect of public buildings" in which position he designed the U. S. Treasury (1836), the Old Post Office (1839) and the Patent Office (1839) as more monumental expressions of the Neoclassical style. New England seaport business district One of the last seaport business districts remaining from the golden days of New England shipping.

In the context of the historical significance of Market Square, it should be noted that: - Market Square has been a market since the Indians met early explorers from England, France and Holland on the banks of the Merrimack River to trade furs and fish. - During the port's most prosperous years, the connection between the Market Square and the 12 Waterfront was so intimate that as many as seven wharves may have run directly from Market Square to the Merrimack River and the bowsprits and jib-booms of ships berthed there extended over the Square sidewalks. B. Current Status As a result.of the urban renewal program there have been recent changes in the condition of several of the National Register properties. Some of the brickwork on Inn Street buildings has been sandblasted, and some treated with acid cleaners.

Dormers, inconsistent with the Federal style, have been added to two of the "West Row" structures on Market Square. Despite these changes, the historic values of the District remain and the Market Square Historic District retains its status on the National Register of Historic Places. 13 III. THE PROPOSED FEDERAL UNDERTAKING AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE NATIONAL REGISTER PROPERTY A. Background The Newburyport Central Business Urban Renewal Project (Mass - R-80) directed by the Newburyport Redevelopment Authority (NRA), with assistance from the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), encompasses 22 acres of the historic downtown area on the Merrimack River. The acquisition, demolition, and relocation phases of the project are complete. The NRA is now in the process of developer selection and parcel disposi- tion.

The initial Section 106 concern which involved the Advisory Council was the disposition of Parcel 8 to the Merrimack & Atlantic Development Corporation. This is the first aspect of the urban renewal plan to be discussed, followed by the other portions of the total undertaking which will also have an effect upon the Market Square Historic District. B. The Development of Parcel 8 1. Relationship of Parcel 8 to the urban renewal plan - Location Parcel 8 is located adjacent to the Historic District in a commercial area near the center of Newburyport's business district. As shown on Map #1 the Parcel 8 rectangle (253' x 70') is immediately adjacent to Parcels 9 and 10 which are included in the Historic District. Parcel 9 encompasses the historic structures fronting on Inn Street which connect on Merrimac Street to form a portion of the "West Row" of Market Square.

Parcel 10 in- cludes the extensive early commercial row along State Street. These parcels have been sold to private developers to be restored and commercially developed. Behind Parcel 8 is the proposed municipal parking lot (Parcel 16) 14 occupying the center of the block and ex- tending to Green Street, west across the site of Unicorn Street with a corridor to Pleasant Street. Grading to permit the construction of this lot is currently underway. Finally, Parcel 8 is directly across the street from the 1823 Market House as well as the central Waterfront parcels, identified as Parcels 2, 2a, 3, 3a, 5 and 6 on the map. - Traffic pattern Parcel 8 fronts on Merrimac, the street nearest the Waterfront, and a main arterial which carries traffic from the Salisbury Bridge into Newburyport. Merrimac Street will remain a major thoroughfare to and from the District.

There will be entrances to the proposed Parcel 16 parking lot from Green, Pleasant, and Merrimac Streets. Unicorn Street willbe developed as part of the parking lot. - Economic justification The economic justification for Parcel 8 derives from the need to support the proposed restoration and development of the adjacent historic struc- tures. According to HUD and the NRA, the City of Newburyport considers that the building and parking plans for Parcels 8 and 16 contribute to the preservation of the historic area, by insuring the economic viability of the commercial and re- tail enterprises which are planned for the historic structures. This will be done, it is believed, by designing arterial and parking facilities to service the historic area which are compatible with modern retail needs.

The proposed building on Parcel 8, by providing a modern facility designed to satisfy the modern commercial-retail renter, will serve to insure the economic success of the historic area of State and Inn Streets. 15 - Development phases According to the published urban renewal plan, Phase I includes Parcels 8, 9, and 10 and Phase II the Waterfront plus Parcel 11, another group of historic structures. As the initial new building of Phase I, the Parcel 8 structure will set the tone for the new development of Phase 1. - Criteria for development The portion of NRA's "Invitation to Developers" concerning Parcel 8 did not contain any stipu- lations regarding the compatibliity of the deve lopment scheme with the historc values of the area.

In this respect the invitation for the development of Parcel 8 differed from that for the development of the Waterfront parcels, which contained guidelines that would help pre- vent development plans from violating historic values. (These guidelines are detailed in the section on the Waterfront proposals, p. 34). Eo thre However, one of the NRA's four criteria for the evaluation of developers' proposals, includec in the packet given to potential developers is: The merit of the design concept, in terms of its quality of rehabilitation construction and of design and its harmony with the adjoining historic buildings and the character of Newbury- port's central business district.

(emphasis added) In the absence of specific guidelines for the development of Parcel 8, the general objectives and urban design criteria of the published urban renewal plan (also included in the developer's packet) were to apply. 16 Those aspects of the urban renewal plan which related to new development adjacent to the historic area are set forth in the "Urban Renewal Plan Objectives" and "Urban Design Criteria for the Newburyport Central Business Urban Renewal Project" in the Urban Renewal Plan for the Newburyport Central Business Urban Renewal Project.

The "Urban Renewal Plan -Objectives" as stipulated are: To provide an area of attractive, planned development with adequate parking and suitable landscaping which will encourage the orderly growth and expansion of the Newbury- port business district, while pre- serving the architectural character and aesthetic values of the Central Business District. h. i. To restore and preserve the economic, functional, aesthetic and symbolic values of the Central Business Area in its association with American mari- time history and the historic growth of the City of Newburyport. To provide a sympathetic environment for the preservation and rehabilitation of surviving buildings and areas, deemed, by the application of communitywide criteria, to be of historic and archi- tectural value. j.

To preserve a continuum of use and architectural character, symbolizing the historic process of growth and change in the community. The "General Design Criteria" specified that the redevelopment of the renewal area should: 1. Provide an attractive commercial-retail- office complex environment blending the 17 character of the historical structures other existing-to-remain structures and proposed redevelopment. and 6. Provide unobstrusive parking and loading areas appropriately screened and landscaped to blend harmoniously with the historic character of the area. (emphasis added) of the do fent, f te Bugn ong tesagn grttera" require that: a.

All Development, including rehabilitation, restoration, reconstruction or new building, whether historical accuracy be the objective or not shall be of design and materials which will be compatible with existing-to-remain structures and other new buildings in the area. (emphasis added) and d. Structures shall be a harmonious part of the street as a whole and of the character of the Newburyport Central - Business District. 2. Merrimack & Atlantic building proposal on Parcel 8 - Dimensions and design of the building On July 6, 1971, the plan was amended to allow the structure to occupy 100 per cent of the parcel as opposed to the original 50 per cent permitted. The building stretches along 240 feet of the 253 foot parcel, with a cylindrical stair tower occupying the last 13 feet at the parcel's northern end.

A three-tiered, cantilevered struc- ture, it attains its greatest width of 79 feet at the third story, diminishing to widths of 70 feet on the second and 56 feet on the ground. 3. 18 floors respectively. The building is designed with a flat roof and is constructed of pre- cast concrete and glass, with decorative brick panels. - Projected cost and rental rates The cost, at a projected $27 per square foot, will be approximately $1,200,000 including $40,000 for the land. The Parcel 8 building will house retail commercial activities in- cluding shops and a drive-in bank on the first floor, and offices on the second and third floors.

The first floorspace will rentfor $7 per square foot, the second and third - Construction schedule Under a monthly renewable lease first granted by the NRA in June 1972, and a building permit issued by Mayor Matthews on September 22, 1972, land clearance and foundation preparation for the Parcel 8 building is underway. Relationship of Parcel 8 to the Historic District and other historic features Map #2 illustrates Parcel 8's prominent location with respect to the Historic District. For comparative purposes concentric circles have been drawn on the map to indicate distance from Parcel 8. The circles have radii of 200, 400, and 800 feet respectively. Properties are num- bered in conformity with map numbers. - Properties within 200 feet (1) The Inn Street properties (fronting on Merrimac Street, 15 feet from Parcel 8).

These buildings which form a portion of the "West Row," of Market Square, lie within the National Register Historic District, 15 feet from Parcel 8. 19 With their single-plane brick walls, gable stacs, they a4 roofs, extended fire walls and chimney stacks, they are representative of the archi- tectural style and materials of the historic commercial structures. These properties, to be restored and devoted to commercial use by private developers, are of particular value because they form one side of Market Square itself, and are crucial to maintaining the architectural coherence of the Square area. (2) Bartlett Street (through the center of Parcel 8) Bartlett Street was part of the original street pattern of 19th century Newburyport. The small street curved out from Inn Street and down to Merrimac Street, linking the town center to the Market House and to the Waterfront ways.

Histori- cally, Bartlett was lined with small houses and provided a winding view from Merrimac Street up toward the Unitarian Church (originally the First Parish Meeting House) at the top of the hill on Pleasant Street. (3) The Market House (on Merrimac Street opposite Parcel 8) The Market House is specifically mentioned on the National Register form prepared for the Historic District. Built in 1823, it was con- verted to a firehouse in 1864, a function it retains today. Its materials, brick with granite detail, are those of the other historic buildings, but it has particular architectural importance because of its more formal and sophisticated expression of the Federal style. A tower was added in the later 19th century. As the trading center of the Market Square area, the Market House was the focal point of the historic commercial district.

(4) Unicorn Street (abutting Parcel 8 on the North) Unicorn Street, connecting Merrimac and Pleasant Streets, has perpetuated the historic link be- tween the upper portion of the town, along 20 Pleasant Street, and the Waterfront area. Its 19th century structures have been lost, but it still provides the most direct access from the Waterfront to the handsome Unitarian Church on Pleasant Street, and affords a view from Pleasant Street down to the Waterfront. - Properties within 400 feet (5) Inn and State Street properties (rear facades facing Parcel 8) These commercial row structures within the Historic District offer an opportunity to experience the rear elevations of Federal commercial structures, elsewhere not exposed to view in the District.

This view demon- strates more clearly than the street facades the structural characteristics of these buildings, for here the windows are placed more for function than for symmetry, and the extended fire walls and chimney stacks are more prominent. (6) The Market Square (immediately east of Parcel 8) The area of the Square itself, the center of the Historic District, was the traditional heart of Newburyport's commercial district. Its value today, in addition to the strong historic associ- ations, lies in the unique architectural coherence of the surrounding structures. There are no modern intrusions into the square area, and with the planned restoration of the historic buildings which surround the Square, the potential for appreciation of the Square's original character should increase.

- Properties within 700 feet (7) The Custom House (on Water Street) The Custom House, a property listed separately on the National Register while falling within the Market Square Historic District, is one of the finest of the New England Customs Houses. Within 21 the District it is unique because it is constructed of granite rather than brick, and its style is Neoclassical rather than Federal. (8) The Central Waterfront (between Parcel 8 and the River) Newburyport's Waterfront was gradually filled during the 19th and 20th centuries, and the pilings and slips that remain are a mixture of 19th and 20th century structures. Yet, with the exception of a moderately-sized 20th century utility building north of the Custom House, the land connecting the historic Waterfront with the Market Square area has not been altered by modern commercial development.

Today, the town and Waterfront can be viewed together without modern intrusion. 22 4. Evaluation of the Effects on the National Register Properties and Other Historic Features - Criteria used in review of undertaking's effects The Criteria of Effect, established by the Advisory Council and published along with its procedures in the Federal Register, were applied inthe general review of all effects resulting from the proposed undertaking: A federally financed or licensed under- taking shall be considered to have an effect on a National Register listing (districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects, including their settings) when any condition of the undertaking creates a change in the quality of the historical, architectural, archeologi- cal, or cultural character that quali- fied the property under the National Register criteria for listing in the National Register.

Generally, adverse effects occur under conditions which include but are not limited to: a. Destruction or alteration of all or part of a property; b. Isolation from or alteration of its surrounding environment; c. Introduction of visual, audible, or atmospheric elements that are out of character with the property and its setting. In addition, a more specific set of criteria was applied to the problem of the design compatibility of the Parcel 8 building with the adjacent Historic District. The criteria used 23 were those for modern urban design compatibil- ity within historic areas developed by Paul Muldawer, AIA, and by Eric Hill Associates in a HUD-funded study addressing itself to similar problems in Savannah, Georgia: a. b. height proportion of buildings' front facades C. proportion of openings within the d. facade rhythm of solids to voids in front facade e.

rhythm of spacing of buildings on streets f. rhythm of entrance and/or porch projections g. relationship of materials h. i relationship of textures relationship of color j. relationship of architectural details k. 1. m. n. 0. p. relationship of roof shapes walls of continuity relationship of landscaping ground cover scale directional expression_of front elevation - Adverse effects Applying the criteria to the Parcel 8 problem, and recognizing the extreme value of Newburyport as a whole, and the Market Square Historic District in particular, it was determined that: the plotting and orientation of Parcel 8; the de- cision to allow the structure to occupy 100 percent of Parcel 8; the conjunction of Parcel 8 with Parcel 16; and the design of the proposed building would adversely affect the area's historic features and values.

24 (1) The Inn Street properties The discordant visual contrast between the Inn Street buildings and the proposed design of Parcel 8 will have a strong adverse effect on the historic structures. The design of the Parcel 8 building with relation to the historic properties is .adverse in the following particulars: a. Profile of the facade b. Like the other buildings of the Market Square Historic District, these build- ings form almost entirely one plane, with only occasional projections on the first floor level, and none above. The tiered, or cantilevered profile of the proposed adjacent building, emphasized by its 253-foot length, is incompatible with this existing plane.

While its third story is contiguous with the established street plane, there is an inset of from 4 to 5 feet between the topmost floor and the second story, and of approximately 8 feet between the second and first floors which creates a crucial disrup- tion of the plane of this historic streetscape. Roofline The adjacent Federal-style structures are characterized by pitched gable roofs which rise to a height of 8 feet above the cornice line and are broken at intervalsof from 18 to 20 feet by brick parapets or firewalls, extending another 2 feet above the ridge of the These parapets,many of them stepped, accent the verticality of the 3-story, and ordinarily 3-bay wide 25 units into which these historic facades are broken. In addition, the cornice lines of these units frequently do not match.

The continuous horizontal line of the roof of the proposed building will be incompatible with these historic architectural values. Materials, texture, and color One of the distinctive attributes of the Market Square area is its remark- able uniformity of texture, material, and its predominant rea color, a con- sequence of the fact that the commer- cial structures here were erected over a relatively short period of time, between 1811 and 1832, according to the stringent building codes which were imposed in the wake of the great fire of the former year. Use of any building materials other than brick or stone was thereafter prohibited. Today the russet tones and uneven surface planes of old brick laid in common bond still predominate in the District.

In contrast to this traditional aspect of the Market Square District, the new structure as it is presently envision- ed will introduce a prominent facade of gray concrete surfaces coupled with extensive areas of clear glass, with a limited decorative use of brick panels. This inconsistency of color, texture, and material is incompatible with the above stated historical values of the Historic District. d. Visual texture The relationship of solids to voids is a vital element in the streetscape of the Market Square Historic District e. 26 and contributes significantly to the historic character of the District. Windows in the adjacent Federal-style buildings are no wider than 3 feet, and are separated by solid wall planes of from 2 to 5 feet in length.

A single bay of the proposed Parcel 8 building will have approximately 18 1/2 feet of window expanse to 3 feet of wall at each of the three levels. Use in the proposed structure of continuous stretches of glass, broken only by con- crete structural members, ignores the relationship between solids and voids established in the Historic District. This adverse impact is not sufficiently mitigated by the vertical concrete elements presently planned. Directional expression of the front elevation The structural shape, as well as the placement of openings and architectural details, impart a dominant vertical thrust to each unit of the existing three-story Federal-style structures which form the Merrimäc Street facade adjoining Parcel 8.

These units, defined by the parapet walls which break the gable roof at two or three bay intervals within each unit, and the articulation of window and door openings with the solid wall planes between, express vertical as well as horizontal symmetrybycarrying the eye upward to the cornice line. While the present proposal for the Parcel 8 structure breaks the facade into verti- cal units, the orientation within each unit remains horizontal rather than vertical because of the ribbon- like band of large windows at each of 27 the three levels. This orientation is accented by the projecting third floor windows. Since the building will be viewed more often from an angular rather than a directly frontal position, the horizontality within each unit will be emphasized, thereby heightening the conflict between the old and new facades on Merrimac Street. f.

Scale The criteria developed for Savannah explain scale as follows: Scale is created by the size of the units of construction and architectural detail that relate to the size of man. Scale is also determined by building mass and how it relates to open space. The predominant element of scale may be brick or stone units, windows or door openings, porches and balconies, etc. The predominant element of scale of the historic buildings adjacent to the proposed structure is the vertically- oriented rectangular brick unit of each row house. Visually, the units in the District are experienced both individ- ually and collectively: individually, because each building has its own pattern of windows and doors, its own chimneys and firewalls separating it from its neighbor; collectively, be- cause it is joined in rows with other structures of similar plane, style, mass, material, texture and color.

The size of the individual units of the (2) 28 Inn Street buildings adjacent to Parcel 8 is close to that of the bays of the proposed Parcel 8 structure. The two historic structures nearest the proposed building have dimensions of approximately 18 x 33 feet, and 20 x 33 feet. The bays of the proposed new building are 21x 33 feet. How- ever, because of the strong horizon- tality of the new structure, the in- dividual bays are not experienced as units, and the scale of the new build- ing is not related to that of the older ones. The predominant elements of scale in the new structure are the horizontal stretches of windows and the flat roof line. The vertical elements introduced into the Parcel 8 building are insufficient to break the building into units of scale comparable to those of the adjacent historic buildings.

Therefore, the mass of the proposed building remains imcompatible with the adjacent buildings and the historical values of the area. Bartlett Street The plotting of Parcel 8 and the decision to allow development of all Parcel 8 will adversely affect Bartlett Street because its access to Merrimac Street will be blocked by the construction of the pro- posed building. The rest of the street will be obliterated by the Parcel 16 park- ing lot. Bartlett Street was one of the early thoroughfares leading from the town center to the wharves and the market area. By orienting the parcel parallel to the Water- front, Bartlett Street will be lost and an element out of character with the Historic District will be introduced.

(3) 29 Since the 17th century, the important re- lationship between the city and the river linking it to the Atlantic has been ex- pressed in Newburyport's street pattern, in the orientation of commercial structures to the Merrimack, and in the existence of the open thoroughfares, or "ways," which have traditionally provided access to the Waterfront. This historic plan is a visual link to the city's origins, to the omnipresence of the sea in its long history, and to a way of life once vital to its economy. Parcel 8's lateral orientation to the Waterfront and its elimination of Bartlett Street constitutes an unwarranted departure from a meaningful historical townscape. The Market House The plotting of Parcel 8, the plan change allowing all of the parcel to be used for construction, and the design of the pro- posed Parcel 8 building will adversely effect the Market House.

The development of the complete parcel with one building affects-a barrier on Merrimac Street. tion of two thoroughfares leading to the Waterfront alters the historical environ- ment of the Market House, situated where Bartlett Street crossed a historic way to the Waterfront just north of the Market Building. This important confluence helped to generate the trade that deter- mined the location of the Market Building at this point. Furthermore, the removal of this street precludes the view up the hill towards the handsome Unitarian Church (built in 1801), a view from the Market House which in historic times was characterized by the wind of the street and (4) (5) 30 the presentation of different buildings' facades to the passerby.

With the loss of a direct route to the Market House by means of Bartlett Street, most pedestrians and all motorists will see the brick Federal-style building in conjunction with the Parcel 8 structure. This juxtaposition will create the same visual adversity for the Market House as for the Inn Street properties. Unicorn Street Destruptint of Destruction of Unicorn Street in the development of the Parcel 16 parking lot not only erases a portion of Newburyport's expressive Waterfront Street pattern, but intrudes upon a historic view from the river to the upper part of the city. Inn and State Street properties The design of the Parcel 8 building, the plotting of Parcel 8, and the development of adjacent Parcel 16 as a parking facilitywill adversely affect the rear elevation of these early commercial structures within the District.

While it is clearly necessary to create a parking facility to support the proposed dense commercial development of Parcel 8, the location and form of that facility is adverse. As a result, the rear facades of the restored Inn and State Street structures will be approached through a large area of surface parking, detracting measurably from the historic atmosphere. The Parcel 8 building will be in the sight line of most of these rear facades, and as the rear elevation of the Parcel 8 building is identical to the Merrimac Street facade, the discordant elements noted in the (6) 31 relationship between the proposed structure and those early structures imme- diately adjacent apply here. The effect of the cantilevering will be particularly severe from this view, as the rear of the proposed building faces southwest and the sun will create deep shadows on this facade.

It is also likely that the increase in elevation, as the land rises from Merrimac to Pleasant Street, will exacerbate the adverse impact of the flat roof as it is seen from above. The Market Square The plotting of Parcel 8, the decision to allow development of all of Parcel 8, and the design of the proposed Parcel 8 build- ing will all adversely affect the Market Square. As a consequence of the demolition of historic structures to clear the Parcel 8 site (accomplished before the plan change from clearance to preservation), the proposed building will visually form the entire northwest end of the Square area. The first modern building-in the Square, it will also be within that portion of the Square first viewed by the pedestrian and motorist approaching from the east along Water Street, a principal thoroughfare.

For those who approach the Square from the northwest along Merrimac Street, the Parcel 8 building together with the Market House will form the gateway to the historic commercial area. The harmonious street- scapes of the Federal commercial area, surrounding the Square and radiating from it, constitute the essence of the District. The imposition of a 253-foot long canti- levered structure of concrete and glass will visually overwhelm the area. 32 (7) The Custom House The design of the proposed building for Parcel 8 will have an adverse effect on the Custom House. Seen from the entrance porch of the Custom House, the Parcel 8 structure will dominate the panorama of Market Square. It will be seen as the ma in representative of the Square's architecture and thus will create an adverse visual intrusion on the environ- ment of the Custom House.

(8) The Central Waterfront Both the design of the proposed bullding and the plotting of Parcel 8 will have an adverse effect on the historic Waterfront. The proposed Parcel 8 building, incompati- ble in design with the historic buildings and oriented parallel to the Waterfront, will create a pronounced, visually dis- cordant barrier affecting the historic view of the town from the Waterfront and the harbor, as well as the view of the harbor from the town. - Positive Effects Although there are no up-to-date studies upon which to make an evaluation of the positive effects of the proposed undertaking, it would appear that the development of Parcel 8 will benefit Newburyport in the following particulars: a. The proposed development of Parcel 8 will increase the tax base of Newburyport.

In a recent article in the Newburyport Daily News, Mayor Byron Matthews stated that the Merrimack & Atlantic Building would add approximately $50,000 to the town's income. 33 b. As mentioned earlier, it is presumed that the proposed commercial develobment of the parcel will enhance the economic viability of the adjacent historic structures. c. Although no figures are available, it appears that the Parcel 8 development will .increase employment in Newburyport. d. The urban renewal plan has been under consideration since the early 1960's. Therefore, construction of the Parcel 8 building should improve the morale of the town which has been waiting for the effects of renewal for almost 12 years. 34 C. The Proposed Development of the Waterfront Parcels 1.

Relationship of the Waterfront to the urban renewal plan - Location Parcels 2, 2a, 3, 3a, 5 and 6 are located north of Merrimac Street in the historic area known as the "Central Waterfront." Most of the southern boundary of the Waterfront urban renewal area abuts the northern boundary of the Market Square Historic District. Parcel 2a lies be- tween the Custom House and the Waterfront. The eastern boundary of Parcel 5 abuts Parcel 1, which includes the Custom House. The southern boundary of Parcel 5 abuts the historic structures on Water Street (Parcel 6, slated for historic preservation under the urban renewal plan) and the rear of Parcel 4, the Market House. Parcel 6, included by the NRA in the Waterfront proposal area, forms the north end of Market Square itself.

- Economic justification The Waterfront development has been justified by the NRA and HUD on essentially the same grounds as those given for Parcel 8: that it "can be reasonably assumed" to sustain restoration and commercial development of the adjacent historic buildings. - Development phases The Waterfront Development is included in Phase II of the Urban Renewal Plan. Therefore, the parcels are to be disposed and developed after, and com- patible with, Parcel 8. - Criteria for development As mentioned in a previous section, the criteria for development of the Waterfront area, included in the "Invitation to Developers" written by NRA, are specifically geared to insure plans compatible with the historic values of the area: 2. 3. 35 The design concept for the waterfront parcels should emphasize strong con- nections between the waterfront and the central business district.

Proposed uses on the waterfront should take maxi- mum advantage of the natural resources of the Merrimack River. The design concept should be oriented perpendicular to the Merrimack River to: (emphasis added) 1. maintain vistas or views of the river wherever possible, 2. respect the historical development of the waterfront area, take advantage of old wharves and ways to the river as development spines, 4. provide pedestrian connections between the waterfront and business district, and 5. maintain public access to the waterfront. Proposals for Waterfront development - Nature of proposed use The current plans for the Waterfront area call for the construction of motel facilities, as well as mixed residential and conmercial use. Surface parking facilities are-also planned for this area.

The road shown on the parcelization map leading from Merrimac Street to the Waterfront is no longer to be included in the project. - Status of development A developer for the Waterfront area was selected by the NRA but because he was unable to produce plans for that development, he has been dropped. The present plan is to readvertise for Waterfront developers in the spring of 1973. Relationship of the Waterfront development to the Historic District and other historic features - Relationship to historic features delineated in Section A-3 36 The Central Waterfront development area is prominently located with respect to the historic features detailed in Section A-3 above, specifically, the Market House (3), the Custom House (7), and the Central Waterfront (8). In addition, Parcel 6 of ont teyge in:- the Waterfront encompasses the historic structures within the District which form 4.

Relationship to archeological resources - Watts'Cellar (9) Watts' Cellar, mentioned in the earliest records of the area, is linked with the first settlement of this portion of the New England coast. The site of what was apparently a storehouse, it is an archeologi- cal site of important potential. The precise location of Watts'_ Cellar is unknown, but it is in the area immediately to the west of the Market House, where a marker describing its importance has been placed by the Massachusetts Tercentenary Commission. 5. Evaluation of the effects on the National Register properties and other historic features Without specific development plans for the Waterfront area, it is not possible to give a detailed analysis of effects upon historic resources.

However, if this area is developed in strict accordance with the guidelines presented to the developers and with the general guidelines for new construction contained in the urban renewal plan, the design of the buildings and their orienta- tion with respect to the Waterfront should be com- patible with historic values. It should be noted that there are no guidelines directing that the uses to which the development is geared be com- patible with the historic resources and with historic utilization of the important Waterfront area. But, there is currently no provision within the urban renewal plan for archeological investigation which should be an integral part of any planning for construction in this area. 37 D. The Proposed Redevelopment of the Historic District 1.

Historic properties to be rehabilitated The Custom House which is to be restored to its original appearance and converted to a maritime museum. Specifics detailing the nature of the work to be done on this building are not presented in the urban renewal plan as published. (Parcel 1) - The "North Row" of Market Square. (Parcel 6) - Oheanh Street properties, wncluding e portion Parcel 9 - The State Street properties, including a portion of Market Square's "West Row." (Parcel 10) - The "East Row" properties, fronting on Water Street and Market Square. (Parcel 11) These properties are to be restored by private developers, according to the rehabilitation standards of the NRA, and converted to commercial use. 2.

Rehabilitation criteria The NRA provides the developers of the historic properties with forms to fill in delineating the "Specifications of Additions and Alterations to the Exterior of Structures Designated for Rehabil- itation of Historic and Architectural Values." There are two different forms, one for "Building areas where fidelity of exterior treatment is a paramount design objective," and one for "Building areas where compatibility of exterior appearance is the design objective in contrast to fidelity of exterior appearance." These forms which ad- dress themselves only to additions and alterations, not surface treatment, ask for description of such things as the type, size, and color of materials to be used; the type of mortar to be employed; the 38 nature of the windows; and doors to be inserted.

The general standards for rehabilitation ask that all exterior changes "be made in materials and in formswhich are architecturally compatible with the identified historic and architectural values." 3. Other proposed improvements - Elevated walkway To improve access to the businesses which will occupy the upper stories of the State Street buildings (5), an elevated second-story walkway is proposed to connect the rear facades of these historic row structures. This should increase their commercial viability. - Inn Street Mall A brick pedestrian mall will connect the Parcel 16 parking lot with the Inn and State Street properties (5) and continue between those buildings, making Inn Street a pedestrian wa1k- way from Pleasant Street to Merrimac Street. This plan should enhance the attractiveness of these row buildings for commercial purposes.

The mall will include a fountain near the parking area. - State Street pass-throughs To increase the flow of shoppers from the parking lot and the Inn Street Mall to State Street, two ground-level pass-throughs are planned for the State Street row on Parcel 10 (5). - Market Square Plaza To ease pedestrian access to the Waterfront area, and to slow automobile traffic through the Square, a rounded triangular brick plaza is planned to to extend approximately 80 feet from the "West Row" into the center of the Square (6). The Plaza is to be stepped up from the street and will include benches and plantings. 39 - Power lines The power and telephone lines which currently deface the Historic District will be put underground in order to preserve the historic values of the town.

- Brick sidewalks Sidewalks in the urban renewal portion of the Historic District will be changed to brick to enhance the historic atmosphere. - Sign control The NRA has devised strict guidelines to control lettering, materials, placement, and size of signs in order to protect the restored character of the town from intrusion of inappropriate visual effects. 4. Evaluation of the effects on the National Register properties - Adverse effects Time did not permit a complete review of the preservation effort and the improvements and their effects upon the buildings within the Historic District. However, it would appear that these activities may have the following adverse effects upon the Register properties: a.

Surface treatment of brick The application of acid cleaners and the use of sandblasting to clean the brick facades of the Inn Street properties has resulted in removal of much of the original glaze of the brick, thus altering its color substantially and opening the pores of the material to deleterious effect from atmospheric pollutants and damage from water seepage and freezing. 40 b. Design of dormers Dormers have been added to the rooflines of the two Federal-style structures adjacent to Parcel 8 on Merrimac Street. The form of these dormers is inconsistent with the historic values of the district. They are shed dormers, rather than the gabled ones, and their sprawling shape and window expanse is reminiscent of 20th century bungaloid architecture rather than the 19th century Federal style of the district.

Their effect is accentuated by the fact that they are the only dormers within the District. Furthermore, there is apparently no historical basis for the installation of dormers on the Merrimac and Inn Street commercial structures as a part of their restoration. 41 IV. ALTERNATIVES Because of the unique value of Newburyport, the availabil- ity of open space, and the fact that construction has not yet begun, it would seem feasible to consider alternatives at this time. Although no feasible and prudent alterna- tives were discussed in the consultation phase, it would appear that the following could be considered for their potential to mitigate or remove the adverse effects noted in Section III. A.

The Development of Parcel 8 - Redesign of Parcels 8 and 16 to provide buildings perpendicular to the river and compatible with the proposed development of the Waterfront parcels; to provide for the continuation of Bartlett Street; and to provide parking facilities that are compat- ible with the adjacent Historic District. - Elimination of consideration of a second deck of parking and addition of appropriate landscape desian features to make the Parcel 16 parkino facillty more compatible with the Historic District. - Relocation of the parking facility to an area more remote from the Historic District and use of public transportation. - Breaking up the proposed Parcel 8 building to allow continuance of Bartlett Street and to conform to the city's historic block and street design.

- Redesign of the facade of the proposed Parcel 8 building, including elimination of the cantilever design, to make the building compatible withthe historic features of the area. B. The Proposed Development of the Waterfront Parcels - Development of a program of archeological investi- gation to assure that new construction will not proceed at the expense of archeological resources, 42 in particular Watts' Cellar. - Strict adherence to the existing criteria for devel- opment. - Development of procedures for timely submission of plans to the Advisory Council for comment. C. The Proposed Redevelopment of the Historic District - Establishment of strict standards for surface treat- ment of brick to preclude sandblasting and other harmful refurbishing methods.

- Strict evaluation of design compatibility with historic architecture of any major additions (such as dormers) to the historic buildings. 43 CONCLUSION Newburyport is a unique historical survival of national signifi- cance. The complex of buildings making up Market Square Historic District, intact with no significant modern intrusions, is the finest extant example of Federal commercial seaport architecture in the United States. It is related through the town street pattern, the origins of which lie in the 17th century, to a fine residential district expressive of the prosperity which the sea brought to the town. The Newburyport Redevelopment Authority became convinced of the importance of the Market Square area, most of which lles within the urban renewal project and was originally scheduled for demo- lition.

Today most of the historic commercial structures remain, a tribute to the NRA's awareness of the importance of historic values. However, the next steps in the renewal process, design of parcels, restoration of historic buildings and construction of compatible new structures, have not been approached with equal awareness. Because Newburyport is an outstanding historic resource, the strictest standards must be used to guide all renewal activities. It would appear that the problem which has evolved in Newburyport results from urban renewal guidelines which were only partially adequate. The Executive Secretary of the Advisory Council has made the fol- lowing determinations on those aspects of the Newburyport urban renewal plan which affect historic values: 1.

The Development of Parcel 8 - The orientation of the Parcel with respect to the river and the established town plan and the design of the proposed Parcel 8 building will adversely effect the historic values of Market Square Historic District. - The design of the building will have the additional adverse effect of establishing the aesthetic tone for the development of the Waterfront parcels which also abut the Historic District. - The proposed spraw] parking facility (Parcel 16), designed to serve the commercial development of Parcel 8 and the adjacent historic buildings, will have an adverse effect upon the Historic District. 44 - Alternatives to the above adversities have not been considered and should be in light of the historic values involved, the availability of open space, and the fact that no construction has commenced. 2.

The Proposed Development of the Waterfront Parcels The current guidelines for development of the Waterfront must be strictly enforced to assure that the plans preserve the historic alignment and other features of the Central Waterfront area. - Additional requirements should be added to the guidelines to provide for archeological investigation prior to construction, and for additional archeological work as warrantedby any resources discovered. - The design of the buildings proposed for the Water- front area should be carefully considered for their compatibility with the adjacent historic structures. 3. The Proposed Redevelopment of the Historic District - The rehabilitation guidelines for the historic buildings are inadequate with respect to surface treatment of brick.

They should be amended to include stipulations prohibiting the use of sand- blasting and other deleterious refurbishing methods. - Inadequate enforcement of current rehabilitation criteria has led to the insertion of architectural elements out of character with the Federal style. This adversity should be prevented in the future by strict adherence to established guidelines. 4. New Construction and Historic Preservation - In view of the above adversities created by the Newburyport urban renewal project with respect to the National Register property, there is considerable reason to question whether urban renewal funding for redevelopment is being 45 used compatibly with HUD's funding for pres- ervation activities within the Historic District.

- Therefore, it would appear that the HUD funding is also being used inconsistently with respect to Executive Order 11593 of May 13, 1971, which requires that: - - - Federal plans and programs contribute to the preservation and enhancement of non-Federally owned sites, structures and objects of historical, architectural or archeo- logical significance. (Section 1 (3)) SECTION II-CERTIFICATION FEDERAL AGENCY ACTION SECTION FEDERAL ASSISTANCE 1. TYPE OF PREAPPLICATION ACTION APPLICATIGN (Mark ap- propriatc NOTIFICATION OF INTENT (Opt.) box) REPORT OF FEDERAL ACTION 2. APPLI- CANT'S APPLI- CATION Leaue Blank 8. NUMBER b. DATE Year month day 19 76 11 10 4. LEGAL APPLICANT/RECIPIENT 8. Applicant Name Massachusetts Historical Commission b. Organization Unit c. Street/P.O. Box 294 Washington Street d. City Boston 6. County : f. State Massachusetts E. ZIP Code: h.

Contact Person (Name & telephone No.) Elizabeth Reed Amadon, S.H.P.O. (617) 727-8470 7. TITLE AND DESCRIPTION OF APPLICANT'S PROJECT Market Square Historic District: Seaport Studio Development Project, Newburyport,Essex County 3. STATE APPLICA- TON IDENTI- FIER out OMB Approval No. 29-R0210 a. NUMBER 75050496 b. DATE ASSIGNED Year month day 1975 06 5. FEDERAL EMPLOYER IDENTIFICATION NO. 046-002-284 6. PRO. 8. NUMEER GRAM b. TITLE 1150904 (From Federal Catalog) Historic Preservatio 8. TYPE OF APPLICANT/RECIPIENT A-State H-Cormunity Action Agency B-Interstate I- Higher Educational Institution C Substate J-IndianTribe District K-Other (Specifu): D-County E-City F-School District "Restore the exterior of the building while G-Special Purpose District Enter appropriate ietter retaining the late nineteenth century storefront." Source of non-federal match is Seaport Studio, 9.

TYPE OF ASSISTANCE A-Basic Grant D-Insurance Inc. B-Supplemental Grant E-Other Enter appro- C-Loan priate letter(8) A 10. AREA OF PROJECT IMPACT (Names of cities, counties, 11. ESTIMATED NUM- States, etc.) BER OF PERSONS 12. TYPE OF APPLICATION BENEFITING A-New C-Revision E-Augmentation B-Renewal D-Continuation Commonwealth of Massachusetts 5,689,170 Enter appropriate letter 13. PROPOSED FUNDING 14. CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS OF: 15. TYPE OF CHANGE (For 12c or 12e) B. FEDERAL $ $,000 .00 a. APPLICANT b. PROJECT A-Increass Doliars F-Other (Specify): B-Decrease Dollars b. APPLICANT 7,420 .00 9 6 C-Increase Duration D--Decrease Duration c. STATE 16. PROJECT START 17. PROJECT E-Canceilation DATE Year DURATION d. LOCAL .00 see 36 Enter appro- Months priate letter(s) ESTIMATED DATE TO Yeer month 19. EXISTING FEDERAL IDENTIFICATION NUMBER SUBMITTED TO 11,420 FEDERAL AGENCY 5» 25-76-00544-00 20.

FEDERAL AGENCY TO RECEIVE REQUEST (Name, City, State, ZIP code) 21. REMARKS ADDED National Park Service, Washington D.C. 20240 Yo3 X No 22. 8. To the best ef my knowleigs and bolief, If required by OMB Circular A-95 this application was submitted, pursuant te in. No re data Response in this preapplication/application 9rs structions therein, to appropriala cicaringhouses responses are atteched: 890788 attached TKE true and correct, the document has bean APPLICANT duly eutherized by the govorning body cf CERTIFIES THATP the applicent and the applicant will comply (1) Office of State Planning with tho attached assurances if the essist- (2) ance is approved. (3) 23. &. TYPED HAME AND TITLE b. SIGNATURE c. DATE SIGNED CERTIFYING REPRE- Elizabeth Reed Amadon, Exec. SENTATIVE Dir. and S.H.P.O. 24. AGENCY NAME Elin R Anadon Year month day 19 76 11 10 25.

APFLICA- Year month day Department of the Interior TION RECEIVED 19 76 11 22 25. ORGANIZATIONAL UNIT 27. ADMINISTERTIVE OFFICE 28. FEDERAL APPLICATION National Park Service Grants Administration Div. IDENTIFICATION 29. ADDRESS 30. FEDERAL GRANT 18th & C St., NW, Washington, D.C. 20240 IDENTIFICATION 25-76-00544-00 32. FUNDING Year month day 34. Year monti day EKE. AWARDED 8. FEDERAL 4,000 33. STARTING ACTION DAED 19 77 C] D. REJECTED b. APPLICANT ,420 2 4 DATE 19 77 2 4 .00 CONTACT ADDITIONAL INFORMA- 35. Yeer TION (.Vurr and telephone sumber) month day - C. RETURNED FOR .00 ENDING c. STATE DATE 19 80 3 AMENDMENT d. LOCAL .00 Stephen D. Newman 2 37. REMARKS ADDED -] d. DEFERRED OTHER .00 (202)-523-5472 1 e. WITKDRAWN TOTAL 11, 420 .00 I Yes #No 38. a. in taking abovo action, any comments recaived from clearinghouses ware con- b. FEDERAL AGENCY A-95 OFFICIAL sidered.

If agency rosponse is due undor provisions of Part 1, OM8 Circuiar A-95 (Name and telephone no.) FEDERAL AGENCY It has been oris beingmade. A-95 ACTION same as #35 424-101 25-76-00614-0danibadhosTANA40224PAGE 1 110-75 DATE DAMNIT? mibe Aavrgton Bill Tinti Craoq - Surimn hewbugport, has. huachet Squae mmeicine Centu - Clippa Slip Castrm Aace 4 okípo t mrclone Me 1880 dony coiteverady - ni Vetaa Reewal Cac 2.R. Pluu-ammended 19200269 t inel fres. L/A hns fled pr grut 3. lutfri. - HVD crantel amendator hnt ent ent pres. t Theefi.! milhin sto thmn I 41 mn 1,05-3,0t0. : sefered 6 graut 458 = fr pres. I there Hago. 4. Crucides with hpom speech 5. Kuingtm hus bee t paid off a - Herrod - #0D - made cut - hrman Uitem arames tt vll le prilema f teg. m N.R. mnyt penfhengany. fo lopa, OIYOLSIH cnite town N 1....._1._./ manner by asking if this is weather enough for you.

Or perhaps he may wonder, for your benefit, why the Puritans did not settle in Virginia instead of the Bay Colony, but he really does not want to be in Virginia or anywhere else. He recognizes what he forgets when the sun is out, that It is hard for a stranger, but harder still for an old inh: tant, to reconcile all these personalities and all this his and hearsay with Newburyport of the present because t all form a part of a living stream of individual genius ingenuity. Old residents still remember a citizen of Newburyj 37. MARYS cCHETARY Derigned by fack teaetee THE MERRIMAC V SMOUTH 22 M1. SAUSBURY BGACH 5 MI. -TON BEACH 10 MI. R CLPPER SwIP "Dreadnaught 1853 Te run OAK HI" CEMETERY NEW BURYPORT, MAS SACHUSETTS HEWBUR Y GOLF ELUB LUR ISLANT