Nomination for Essex Insitiute Historic District

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

NH Form 10-300 (July 1969) PH0006157 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE OLÝLL8 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTRBIC PLEC COT INVENTORY - NOMINATIONY FORMS (Type all entries - complete applieabl??, sactons)1 AO 72000 /4 ISTATE: Massachusetts COUNTY: Essex FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER JUN 2 2 1972 DATE NAME COMMON: Essex Institute Historic District AND/OR HISTORIC: 2 LOCATION Congressional Distriet #6 STREET AND NUMBER: 134-132, 128, 126 Essex Street and 13 Washington Square West CITY OR TOWN: Salem STATE CODE 025 COUNTY: Essex CODE 009 Massachusetts 3.

CLASSIFICATION CATEGORY (Check One) District Site Building Structure OWNERSHIP STATUS U X Object Public Private Both Public Acquisition: In Process Being Considered X Occupied Xl Unoccupied - Preservation work in progress ACCESSIBLE TO THE PUBLIC Yes: Restricted Unrestricted No PRESENT USE (Check One or More asAppropriate) Agricultural Government Commercial Industrial Educational Military Entertainment Museum Park Private Residence Religious Scientific Transportation - Other (Specify) - Comments OWNER OF PROPERTY OWNER'S NAME: Essex Institute STREET AND NUMBER: 134 Essex Street CITY OR TOWN: Salem LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC: Essex Registry of Deeds STREET AND NUMBER: STATE: Massachusetts CODE 025 Massachusetts STATE: COUNTY: CITY OR TOWN: Salem STATE Massachusetts CODE 025 REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE OF SURVEY: Inventory ol Historic Assets o 1.

Historic American Buildings Survey 2. the Commonwealth & State Pla DATE OF SURVEY: 1964; 1970 X Federal X State County - Local DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: 1. Library of Congress 2. Massachusetts Historical Commission STREET AND NUMBER: JUN 22 1972 ENTRY NUMBER 2. Archives Museum, State House ISTATE: CITY OR TOWN: 1. Washington, D. C. 2. Boston 2. Mass. CODE 025 DATE FOR NPS USE ONLY DESCRIPTION (Check One) X Excellent CONDITION Good Fair Deteriorated Ruins - Unexposed (Check One) (Check One) X Altered - Unaltered Moved X Original Site DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (if known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

Description of the property

The Essex Institute museum and library with the six historic buildings and outbuildings, all on contiguous property, form an historic distriet. It is bounded to the south by Essex Street, to the east by Washington Square West and to the north by Brown Street. The Massachusetts National Guard Armory forms the western boundary. This district covers about two acres. Facing Essex Street to the east of the Armory are the two main Institute buil- dings, the one on the left housing the offices and collections and the other containing the library. These buildings, both of which are red brick with low hip roofs and massive bracketed cornices, were built in 1857 and 1851 respectively. Formerly separate, they are now joined by a 1907 one-bay brick structure, which contains the main entrance, those in the other buildings either removed or closed off.

The 1857 structure (134 Essex Street) was influenced by the Italian Villa style. It is two stories high (the second floor equal in height to two full floors and containing the large exhibition room and gallery). On the three-bay front facade the long windows of the second floor are round-headed. On the first floor two smaller windows, headed by segmental arches, are separated by a large granite arched window, formerly the front entrance. This is centered in a slight projection and has a balustraded balcony, over which is a shelf-like projection which continues as a cornice between the two stories. The adjoining 1851 library (132 Essex Street) to the east of the connecting unit, is an equally imposing five-bay, three story structure, built in the Renaissance Revival style, with sandstone corner quoins and trim.

The windows on the first and second floors are headed by heavy entablatures while those on the third floor have segmental arches with keystones. Both the second and third floor windows are set above string courses. The original center entrance with its colonnaded porch is still present but no longer in use. To the east of the library is the Federal style Gardner-Pingree House. Designed by Samuel McIntire in 1804 at 128 Essex Street, it is a National Historic Landmark. The front yard is enclosed by an intricate cast iron fence. In the rear is the original 1 1/2 story brick barn with hipped roof which houses in its stalls part of the Institute's transportation collection. Next, on the corner, is the Crowninshield-Bentley House (126 Essex Street), its front facade facing Essex Street with Washington Square West to the east.

This 21/2 story building, built in 1727, was moved here from across the street in 1960. It is clapboarded with a gambrel roof one bay deep, a pitched root extension on the east rear and a "Beverly jog, ," three floors in height, on the west side and rear. The front facade has three dormers in the forward slope of the gambrel, five bays on the second floor and four bays with a pedimented center entrance on the tirst floor. The two chimneys are located in the upper slope on the rear side of the gambrel, set in about eight feet from each end. Like the aforementioned buildings, this property is also enclosed by a low cast iron fence at the sidewalk line. Behind the Crowninshield-Bentley House, facing on Washington Square, is the three story brick Andrew-Safford House at #13 Washington Square West.

When it was built in 1818, it was said to be the most expensive private residence in New [continued] NATION m NHV Form 10-300g REGIS NATIONAL (July 1969) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ENATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM PAGE ONE (Continuation Sheet) STATE Massachusetts COUNTY Essex FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER JUN 22 1972 DATE (Number all entries) 7. Description -- Essex Institute Historic District England. On the front facade the house is five bays wide, each window shuttered and topped with a granite lintel and keystone. The elaborate front portico has three Corin- thian columns supporting a curved and balustraded roof. Above this is a Palladian window which has a semi-elliptical wooden fan above the lintel instead of the more usual semi-circular light.

On the south facade of the main block beyond the first two bays, the wall is indented about ten feet, forming a three story porch whose roof is supported by four elongated fluted columns, 32 feet high. Local lore maintains that these wooden columns are filled with salt. Above the cornice the hipped roof has a finely detailed balustrade set with a fan design, as in the Palladian window, alternating with groups of turned balusters. Another simpler balustrade crowns the peak of the roof. There are two inside end chimneys in the main section of the house and three more in the rear extension. The original stable and brick-walled stable yard still exist to complete the picture of early 19th century urban living. In the garden behind the Institute are several buildings. The most important, the 1684 many-gabled John Ward House, is a National Historic Landmark.

Between the Ward House and the Institute headquarters is the Vaughan Doll House, a clapboard, 1 1/2 story structure containing one room. It has a steep pitched roof with the simple entrance on the east gable end. The windows are narrow with leaded mullions. The 17th century frame is believed to have originally supported an early Quaker Meeting House. The remaining building in the garden area is the 1 1/2 story Lyle-Tapley Shoe Shop, measuring 12 x 14 feet and built c. 1800. It too contains one room within its clapboard walls and the roof has a shallow pitch, interrupted by a chimney on the south end. The entrance is on the east facade and the windows are 8 over 8 on the ground floor level and 6 over 6 in the gables. The grounds behind the Institute surrounding the period houses extend north to Brown Street and are beautifully landscaped with appropriate planting.

Though there are two graveled parking lots, they are inconspicuous because of the hedges and flowering trees. complex. These Louise Crowninshield gardens form a vital part of the whole 8.

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

Significance -- Continued Directly behind the main buildings, surrounded by formal gardens, are three smaller structures. The largest of these is the Ward House, built by John Ward, a - currier (leather dresser) in 1684 on St. Peter Street. It has been designated a National Landmark. To the southwest of the Ward House is the Vaughan Doll House, a small structure which, according to tradition, is framed with the beams of the first Quaker meeting house in Salem, built in 1688. It was moved to its present location in 1860, NHV arel. 10 CEIVEL 19, Z - un SIGNIFICANCE PERIOD (Check One or More as Appropriate) Pre-Columbian! 16th Century 2 18th Century 20th Century 15th Century * 17th Century X] 19th Century SPECIFIC DATE(S) (If Applicable and Known) 1684; 1727; c.

1800; 1804; 1818; 1851; 1857 AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE (Check One or More as Appropriate) Abor iginal Education Prehistoric Engineering Historic Industry Agriculture Invention Architecture Landscape Art Architecture Commerce Literature Communications Military Conservation Music X Political Religion/Phi- losophy Science Sculpture Social/Human- itarian Theater Transportation Urban Planning Other (Specify) STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

Statement of significance

The Essex Institute is a collection of books and manuscripts, portraits and paintings, furniture and furnishings, and period houses. It contains, in the words of its charter, the authentic memorials relating to the civil history of Essex County and of the eminent men who have resided within its limits from the first settlement through the eminent men who have resided wthin the 19th century. It thus provides more materials for an accurate history of this part of our Commonwealth than may be found in any other single place. Founded in 1848 by the joining together of the Essex Historical Society and the Essex County Natural History Society, the Institute is housed in imposing brick buildings dating from the 1850's. In addition to the main buildings, the Essex Institute owns eight historic structures, two of which are on Federal Street and are not included in this certifi- cation.

The remainder are all on property contiguous to the main building. Immediately to the east is the Gardner-Pingree House, built for John Gardner at 128 Essex Street in 1804. It is considered to be one of the finest examples of the work of Samuel McIntire, Salem architect, builder and woodcarver, representing his mature work in the fully developed neo-classical Federal style. This house has been designated a National Historic Landmark. NAL Next door, on the corner, is the Crowninshield-Bentley House. This hand- some gambrel roofed house was built in 1727 for John Crowninshield. At least four generations of his famous mercantile family lived here over a period of 105 years. The Reverend William Bentley, clergyman, scholar and diarist, boarded here from 1791 to 1819.

Pastor of the East Church in Salem, the Reverend Bentley was deeply involved in the intellectual and political life of the community. His diary, published in four volumes by the Essex Institute, gives a rich account of life in Salem at the turn of the 19th century. As a result of additions and renovations before 1800, this house presents the consecutive styles of 18th century architecture, which are echoed in the period furnishings. The history of the house comes to life in Crowninshield and Bentley heirlooms. Behind the Crowninshield-Bentley House, facing Washington Square, is the Andrew-Safford House at 13 Washington Square West. Built in 1818 for John Andrew, a Salem merchant engaged in the fur trade with Russia, this brick house, with its four large wooden columns on the south side porch, is one of the most impressive Federal style buildings in Salem.

The original stable, walls and fences still exist to complete the picture of early 19th century urban living. With the other great houses still standing it gives scale and beauty to Washington Square. [continued]

The rest of the file

Bibliography, boundary description, and the people who prepared and reviewed the nomination.

MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES Historic Salem, Massachusetts, published by Bromley & Co., Boston (no date). Along the Shores of Essex County, published by Junior League of Boston, Inc., 1970. Diary of William Bentley, D.D., published by Essex Institute, Salem, 1905-1914. Chamberlain, Samuel, A Stroll Through Salem, New York, 1969. Perley, Sidney, The History of Salem, Massachusetts, private printing, 1928. 10. GEOGRAPHICAL DATA LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES DEFINING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PROPERTY CORNER LATITUDE Degrees Minutes Seconds LONGITUDE Degrees Minutes Seconds R LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES DEFINING THE CENTER POINT OF A PROPERTY OF LESS THAN TEN ACRES Degrees 42° LATITUDE Minutes 31' LONGITUDE Seconds 20 " Degrees 70° Minutes 53' Seconds 33" NW NE " SE SW APPROXIMAT * CRÉAGE F NOMIYATED PROPERTY: C.

two acres ILIST ALL STATE: SAAYES MMP COENTHES FOM PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES CODE STATE: STATE: REGISTER NATIONAL 1972 CODE CODE COUNTY: CODE CODE COUNTY: CODE STATE: CODE COUNTY: FORM PREPARED BY NAME AND TITLE: Anne Wardwell, Survey Director ORGANIZATION Massachusetts Historical Commission STREET AND NUMBER: Office of the Secretary, State House CITY OR TOWN: Boston STATE LIAISON OFFICER CERTIFICAIION (Elizabeth R. Amadon) DATE May 24, 1972 STATE CODE 025 Massachusetts NATIONAL REGISTER VERIFICATION As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na- tional Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the criteria and procedures set forth by the National Park Service.

The recommended level of significance of this nomination is: ational State Local ae phtklon of the Commonwealth and Chairman, Massachusetts Historical Title Commission I hereby certify that this property is included in the Nationa1 Register. Aokertu Ueu Chief, Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation Date 6/22/12 ATTEST: Uptlemu Keeper of The National Registe Date 6/22/72 Date GP 0 901.087 3 - 10930. - Form 10-300a (July 1969) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM PAGE TWO (Number all entries) 8. (Continuation Sheet) STATE Massachusetts COUNTY Essex FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER JIN 22 1972 DATE Significance [continued from first continuation sheet] one of the earliest examples of historic preservation in the country.

The building was remodeled in 1946 to display the fine collection of dolls, children's toys and doll furniture presented to the Essex Institute by Mrs. Henry Vaughan. Between the Doll House and the Ward House is the Lyle-Tapley Shoe Shop. This building dates from the 1830's and represents the important local shoe industry during its handcrafting period, 1750-1850. The building was moved here from Lynn in 1910. BilIDI IID RECÊVED MAY 31 1972 NATIONAL REGISTER BROWN ST. JOHN WARD ARMORY LYLF-TA PLEY) SHOEY SHoP. 61lZIL 18119/ RECEIVED NHY 31 1972 [151 NATIONAL REGISTER ANDREW-SAFFORD DOLL HousE MUSEUM | ANNEX PINGREE BARN CROWNINSHIELD BENTLY MUSEUM WASHINGTON SQUARE WEST LIBRARY GARDNER- PINGREE ESSEX ST. ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORIC DISTRICT MAY 1972 PROPERTY YES ESSEX InSTITUTE HIST. DIST.

NO NUMBER ESSCFMASS TATE DATE OF RECEIPT 5/31/72 DATA PAGE PHOTO (S) PHOTO DESCRIPTION (S) MAP (S) MAP DESCRIPTION (S) LOGGED ACKNOWLEDGE 5/31/72 RESUBMIT REVIEW Ward House + Gardner-Pingres are NHtLs. HISTORIAN ARCHEOLOGIST ARCHITECT ASST. KEEPER KEEPER WRITER/EDITOR REGISTER: JUN 2 2 1972 ETTTE NATION 0 RECENED 1912 oxnett 6/2/72 Olany faces Or chanker -13-72 ok mutten dells > DIRECTOR, OAHP EDITORIAL PROCESSING, EDITOR Federal Registry Entry 8-1-72 Mast of these are NHL's already Annual Edition Entry "DA 6/7/72 Logged COMMENTS: 26 JUN 1972 Card 2 6 JUN 1972 WORKING NUMBER_ 5. 31.72.794 CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT: #6- Hon. Mickaei J.Harcigton C000000000000000000000-0-0 VNC0O 0000000000--00 No. Subject: 13s-x Institute & hebrany 132-134 Essex St. Salem, Mass.

acodis Collectio 1000000 1964 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with photograph) STATE COUNTY Massachusett Essex FOR NPS USE ONL ENTRY NUMBER NPS Number Titles Loc.. Ese Esse 132 Sous COMMON: Essex Institute Historic District AND/OR HISTORIC: LOCAT 181 STREET AND NUMBER: 132-134, 128, 126 Essex Street and 13 Washington Square Wests CITY OR TOWN: XTION Salem STATE: Massachusetts CODE COUNTY: 025 Essex PHOTO REFERENCE PHOTO CREDIT: Essex Institute, Salem, Mass. DATE OF PHOTO: 1964 NEGATIVE FILED AT: Collections of Negatives of Historical & Architectural Subje Essex Institute, Salem, MA IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION, ETC. Essex Institute and Library, 132-134 Essex Street south facades PROPERTY OF TUE MATIONAL REGISTER 00000.0..-- No.

Subject: From left: Gardner-Pingree House Crowninshield-Bentley House Andrew-Safford House UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with photograph) STATE Massachusetts COUNTY Essex FOR NPS USE ON ENTRY NUMBER Cou l0 NPS Numb Title:. Ioc. Ase Arex COMMON: Essex Institute Historic District AND/OR HISTORIC: LOCA TION STREET AND NUMBER: 132-134, 128, 126 Essex Street and 13 Washington Square West NATX CITY OR TOWN: Salem 3 NO STATE: Massachusetts CODE COUNTY: 025 Essex PHOTO REFERENCE PHOTO CREDIT: Essex Institute, Salem, Mass. DATE OF PHOTO: C. 1963 NEGATIVE FILED AT: Collections of Negatives of Historical and Architectural Sub Essex Institute..Salem, MA IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION, ETC.

From left: Gardner-Pingree House; Crowninshield-Bentley House; Andre House. corner of Essex Street and Washington Square West, looking northwest. CoserD Ebe squase west, looking nortkwest, PROPERTY OF THE NATIONAL 000000000000000------- No. Subiect: Left, Vaughan Doll House. Its 17th-century frame by tradition once supported Salem's first UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE R NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES --0---0 Collectic PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with photograph) 00---0 STATE Massachuse COUNTY Essex FOR NPS US ENTRY NUMBER NPS Numbet_ Titler - Ase Distr 1o0.

Epa/ selt Right( 7 cst- COMMON: Essex Institute Historic District AND/OR HISTORIC: LOCATION STREET AND NUMBER: 132-134, 128, 126 Essex Street and 13 Washington Square West CITY OR TOWN: Salem STATE: Massachusetts CODE 025 COUNTY: Essex PHOTO REFERENCE PHOTO CREDIT: Collectionsof Negatives of Historical & Architectural Subje DATE OF PHOTO: C. 1950 / Institute, Salem, Mass. NEGATIVE FILED AT: Collections of Negatives of Historical and Architectural Essex Institute.Salem, MA IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION, ETC.

Left: Vaughan Doll House Right: John Ward House East facades PROPERTY OF THE MATIONAL REGIST Form 10-301 1969) un UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY MAP FORM (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with map) STATE Massachusetts COUNTY Essex FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER JUN 2 2 1972 DATE - LL NAME COMMON: Essex Institute Historic District AND/OR HISTORIC: LOCATION STREET AND NUM BER: 134-132, 128, 126 Essex Street and 13 Washington Square West CITY OR TOWN: Salem STATE: Massachusetts CODE 025 COUNTY: Essex MAP ERENCE SOURCE: 6 U. S. G. S. Salem, Mass. SCALE: 1: 24,000 DATE: 1956 REQUIREMENTS TO BE INCLUDED ON ALL MAPS 1. Property broundaries where required. 2. North arrow. 3. Latitude and longitude reference.

CODE 009 GISTER Rive Farnsworth High Sch Old South Cem Wallis -pickerset HARMONY GROVE Endicott Brooky BOSTON MITY HALLI 12 MI. 55 1 MILE 6000 7000 FEET 1 KILOMETER Danyer Goif Caurse Point North Shore Golt Coursao Pick mai \Sch ii;h Sch hi fereny it Hospital USMO Pwins (Goit Course . Sch c=a dgh seir EBLYDRLY Prosp TO MISS. 1ES (MARBLEN MSNORTH) FSCEYAyI Green River aseph 9 Feet Cerrs GLOUCESTER 14 MI. Salters PL 32'30" nernwood MAINE Tuck, Rocks Pt BEVEREÝ* HARBOR River AND Cove Salem North BOSTON Collins Sand :*710 114) Salem Bentley Sch Common /2 Salem Terminal Wiparf. House of Seven Gables 14709 SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS ESSEX INSTITUTE HISTORIC DISTRICT U.S.G.S. Salem, Massachusetts Scale: 1: 24,000 Date: 1956 MARBLEHEAD 4708 OHLNOEE a PARK Jeggle island *07000mN 344000m.- SWAMPSCOTT 2.3 MI. _YNN 4.2 MI ¡ioa! ON-PLOLOGICAL SURVEY. WASHINGTON, D. C.-1965-NS ¡ MARBLEHEAD 2.I MI.

42°30 70°52'30" Heavy-duty Medium-duty )Interstate Route ROAD CLASSIFICATION Light-duty Unimproved dirt TuSat MARBLEHEAD 6568 JAXe LBEAA John F. X. Davoren Pecretary of the Commonoealch The Commonrvealth of Massachusetts Office of the Secretary Prate House, Boston 02133 May 25, 1972 National Register of Historic Places Room 3207-A 1100 L Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. 20005 CERTIFIED MAIL Attention: Miss Mary Means - Urgent Dear Sirs Enclosed is the National Register submission for: Essex County, Salem, Massachusetts, Essex Institute Historic District. This property has been declared eligible for submission by the Massachusetts Historical Commission, the State Review Board, and has been signed by Secretary of the Commonwealth John F. X. Davoren, Chairman of the Massachusetts Historical Commission and designated the State Liaison Officer.

This property is one of our grant applicants for the fiscal year 1973. We would appreciate your immediate attention to this submission. Sincerely yours, Sichachi Aeh Richard W. Hale, Jr. Acting Chairman Massachusetts Historical Commission RWH/akc enclosures 1611 BlIZI RECEiVED NATIONAL REGISTER AETITTT ENTRIES IN THE NATIONAL REGISTER STATE AASSACHUSSTIS Date Entered JUN 2.2. 1972 Name Location Essex Institute Historic District Salem Essex County Also Notified Fion. Edward M. Kennedy Hon. Edward W. Brooke Fon. Michael J. Harrington Director, Northeast Region HR NRowland :mm 6/20/72 State Maison Officer Hon. Joha 1. X. Davoron Seczetary of the Commonwealth Chaiznan, Massachusetts Historical Comaission Oftice of the Secretary State House Boston, Massachusetts 02133