Nomination for The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

Form 10-300 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR X State (Rev.

6-72) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE - County INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY DATE (Type all entries - complete applicable sections) AND/ OR HISTORIC: NOV 5 1975 CLASSIFICATION (Check One) X] District - In Process - Being Considered - Preservation work - Comments OWNER'S NAME: LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC: TITLE OF SURVEY: Ohio Historic Survey, Phase I DATE OF SURVEY: - Federal DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS: 039 1967 LOCATION Columbus Commemorative CONGRESSIONAL Cuyahoga ACCESSIBLE Site OWNERSHIP NAME Commercial Both Religious DATA SHEET Transportation Restricted Government Ohio Cleveland Private Entertainment Educational RECEIVED CATEGORY Structure Unoccupied CODE Museum STATUS Public Square Ohio Historical Society Yes: Agricultural Public Scientific Industrial Private Residence Cuyahoga County Building COMMON: Cleveland Public Square TO THE PUBLIC NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Military STREET AND NUMBER: 1219 Ontario Public Acquisition: City of Cleveland Building REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS OWNER OF PROPERTY Object I-7l at 17th Avenue CITY OR TOWN: Other (Specify) 20.- Jam PRESENT USE (Check One or More as Appropriate) [X Park - Local City Hall, 601 Lakeside NE ENTRY NUMBER DESCRIPTION X] Excellent - Deteriorated - Ruins - Unaltered - Moved X Original Site DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (if known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

Description of the property

sculptor was Herman N. Matzen, a Danish immigrant, sculptor of not in any historic style. Instead, all of the ornamental forms are required. For example, the volutes on the capital of the great shaft a capstan, a saber, a pistol, a musket. relief panels depicting women's aid, Lincoln's conference at City Point, the Emancipation Proclamation, and the War Governors of CONDITION of granite. bronze eagle stands over the north and south entrances. The southeast quadrant contains a major sculptural monument. ble and there are three stained glass windows on each side. The It is bisected in two directions by Superior Avenue and Ontario Street.

the Infantry, Artillery, Cavalry and Naval branches of service.A are based on the wheels of an artillery piece.Other ornamental radiating from the center.The northeast quadrant contains nothing This is the square public park in the center of downtown Cleveland. the widening of the streets has reduced the park so that each quad- details include miniature cannons, a rammer, a piece of rope and besides these walks, benches and trees. The corners are rounded, and each quadrant contains walks The northwest quadrant contains a statue of Tom L.Johnson, The southwest quadrant contains a bronze statue of Moses derived from military symbols, for which years of research were Ohio. The memorial room contains marble slabs inscribed with the designed by sculptor J.C.Hamilton.It stands on a circular pedestal flower beds depicted the badges of the various army organizations, upon its completion in 1894.

It consists of a square stone building standing on a sandstone esplan- the Indianapolis Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, and faculty member Fair but these have not been kept up. and in 1796, the square itself contained 4.4 acres. Over the years surmounted by a l25-foot granite shaft with a 15-foot statue of Liberty Cleaveland, the founder of the city. It was unveiled in 1888, and was 6,0oo names of the veterans of Cuyahoga County. The walls are mar- Cleveland's progressive mayor (1901-1909), erected in 1915. The of the Cleveland School of Art.

Originally laid out on one of the ten-acre lots in the plan of Clevel- (Check One) Good - Unexposed rant is now a little less than an acre, and the perimeter of the Contemporary descriptions insist on the fact that the monument is building was lighted with electricity and heated with electric radiators The monument is strikingly original in conception and design. ade 100 feet square, reached by four flights of curving steps and The monument is entered through large bronze doors. There are entire park contains a little less than five acres. on top. Bronze sculpture groups on each of the four sides represent PERIOD (Check One or More as Appropriate) - 16th Century SPECIFIC DATE(s) (If Applicable and Known) X Urban Planning - Prehistoric Other (Specify) STATEMENT OF

Statement of significance

center of the square, remaining until 1892. sculptor was Levi T. Scofield, an important Cleveland architect. American sculptor. Scofield received no remuneration, and the cost The green or common dedicated to public use was a center striking way. Architecture Conservation Communications losophy Transportation Aboriginal Commerce Science SIGNIFICANCE Literature Theater Agriculture were closed by fences erected by residents opposed to commercial realistic detail used to symbolize abstract ideals. Landscape As contemporary accounts are more politically than artistically Pre-Columbian itarian Invention erected between 1888 and 1894. There was considerable controversy Industry of the nineteenth century artistic principle of an accumulation of industry that made it into a large city.

Social/Human- reveals the typical character of late Victorian popular art in a Music town planning in the center of the largest metropolis in Ohio.It combination of canal, lake and railroad transportation brought the in the New York studios of John Quincy Adams Ward, the noted The Cleveland Public Square is a rare remnant of eighteenth century Political sulted men from every branch of the armed services and incorpor- about the location and the design of the monument.The architect- was first proposed in 1879,authorized in 1885,and planned and The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument on the southeast quadrant oriented, the design process is not completely clear.

Scofield con- development.In 1860 a monument to Perry was erected at the of continuous history and public use for the city of Cleveland ticut Land Company.Cleveland remained a tiny village until the Military Religion/Phi- Education the Cuyahoga River asa member of the survey party of the Connec- done by teams of local artisans.The bronze sculptures were cast of town life.From 1852 to 1867 the two streets across the square The square was laid out asa part of the town plan of Clevel- and in 1796,the year that Moses Cleaveland landed at the mouth of Engineering) Sculpture 1796; 1888; 1894; 1915 contains a major nineteenth century sculptural monument which ated their ideas.The actual modeling and construction was apparently Art AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE (Check One or More as Appropriate) 1950), 32, 252, 345, 418, 487, 552-553, 646. Sailors' Monument (Cleveland, 1894), passim.

The rest of the file

Bibliography, boundary description, and the people who prepared and reviewed the nomination.

GEOGRAPHICAL DATA DEFINING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PROPERTY DEFINING THE CENTER POINI OF A PROPERTY OF LESS THAN TEN ACRES 17 442/090 East * State FORM PREPARED BY tional Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law National - * U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1973-729-147/1442 3-l 039 Degrees DATE LATITUDE ORGANIZATION Name LONGITUDE Local COUNTY Title Ohio Cleveland CORNER ATTEST: CODE Western Reserve Historical Society Degrees Minutes Seconds 10825 East Boulevard UTM: MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na- Five Acres NATIONAL REGISTER VERIFICATION 4594/260 North March 1975 LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES 12.

STATE LIAISON OFFICER CERTIFICATION STREET AND NUMBER: evaluated according to the c-iteria and procedures set in the National Register and certify that it has been ILIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES NAME AND TITLE: level of significance of this nomination is: CITY OR TOWN: William J. Gleason, History of the Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Cleveland Plain Dealer, July 4, 1894, Supplement. APPROXIMA TE ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY: Eric Johannesen, Preservationist 89-665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion Director, Office of Afcheology and Historic S.H.P.O Keeper of The National Register I hereby certify that this property is included in the forth by the National Park Service.

The recommended National Registe Form 10-300a UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER DEC 1 8 1975 Scale: 1" = 100' Moses Cleaveland NOV 5 GP 0 921.724 1975 and Monument Sailors Ontario Cuyahoga Soldiers Statue Street STATE COUNTY RECEIVED Ohio DATE Five Acres Tom Johnson (Continuation Sheet) Superior Avenue (Number all entries) CLEVELAND PUBLIC SQUARE REGISTER North ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN Inventory - INT:2106- 74 KEEPER OTHER HAER ARCHEOLOGIST CONTROL TECHNICAL Send-back Re-submit Maps Review HISTORIAN State REVIEW UNIT CHIEF Federal Register Entry National Register Write-up BRANCH CHIEF Cole Working Number /l.5.75.196/ #/2 needs date Photos _C Entered DEC 18 1975 Cuyahog United States Department of the Interior National Park Service WASo No.7 1.10.75 GEN.

MOSES CLEAVELAND NPS Number MATONAL REGISTER PROPERTY OF THE 1973 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Form No. 10-301a NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ENTRY NUMBER LOCA TION STREET AND NUMBER: CITY OR TO&Ieveland NEGATIVE FILED AT: DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION, ETC. 1973 039 Cuyahoga DATE NATIONAL NAME Ohio Historical Society Ohio COUNTY CODE RECEIVED COMMON: REGISTER STATE IDENTIFICATION Statue of Moses Cleaveland, southwest quadrangle, looking south. Larry Alan Beers Public Square (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with photograph) Cleveland Public Square PHOTO REFERENCE PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM NOV 51975035 AND/OR HISTORIC: FOR NPS USE ONLY PHOTO CREDIT: NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES (7/72) DATE OF PHOTO: U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 87 6 - 167 NOV 5 PROPERTY OF THE NATONAL REGISTER NPS Number 1975 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Form No.

10-301c CITY OR TOWCleveland NOV 5 1975 ! DATE OF PHOTO: NEGATIVE FILED AT: DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION, ETC. 039 Cuyahoga DATE Northwest quadrant, showing statue of Tom L. Johnson, looking west. Ohio REGISTER COUNTY STATE RECEIVED PHOTO REFERENCE Western Reserve Historical Society PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM IDENTIFICATION Eric Johannesen CODE ENTRY NUMBER Public Square AND/OR HISTORIC: NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES FOR NPS USE ONLY LOCATION (Type all entries -attach to or enclose with photograph) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE PHOTO CREDIT: STREET AND NUMBER: (7/72) U.S.GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 87 6- 167 NATIONAL NPS Number - PROPERTY OF THE NATIONAL REGISTER Loc Form No. 10-301a AND/OR HISTORIC: DATE OF PHOTO: DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION, ETC. U.S.

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1975 Cuyahoga 039 035 Cleveland DATE Sailors' NAME Ohio STATE COUNTY REGISTER NATIONAL RECEIVED Northeast quadrant, looking south. Soldiers' PHOTO REFERENCE Eric Johannesen PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM CODE Monument on left. IDENTIFICATION NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES (Type all entries -attach to or enclose with photograph) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ENTRY NUMBER FOR NPS USE ONLY PHOTO CREDIT: LOCATION NATIONAL PARK SERVICE CITY OR TOWN: NOV 5 and COMMON: Cleveland Public Square 876.167 PROPERTY OF THE NATIONAL REGISTER NPS Number PROPERTY OF THE NATIONAL REGISTER NPS Number Title UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Form No. 10-301a Cleveland Public Square LOCA TION CITY OR TOWN: PHOTO CREDIT: DATE OF PHOTO: DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION, ETC. NOV 5 U.S.

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 035 039 1975 Cuyahoga Ohio DATE Cleveland COUNTY NATIONAL REGISTER NAME CODE Eric Johannesen STATE Public Square RECEIVED COMMON: IDENTIFICATION ENTRY NUMBER PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM 876.167 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PHOTO REFERENCE STREET AND NUMBER: AND/OR HISTORIC: FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with photograph) (7/72) NEGATIVE FILED AT: north. Public Square, view from Terminal Tower, looking Western Reserve Historical Society ADMISSION FI Form No. 10-3010 (Type all entries -attach to or enclose with photograph) NOV 5 1975 DATE OF PHOTO: NEGATIVE FILED AT: DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION, ETC. The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. US.

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 876- 167 039 Cuyahoga DATE IDENTIFICATION LOCATION Ohio STATE REGISTER COUNTY CODE PHOTO REFERENCE Larry Alan Beers 1973 ENTRY NUMBER RECEIVED COMMON: Cleveland Public Square Ohio Historical Society AND/OR HISTORIC: PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM NATIONAL PARK SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES NATIONAL FOR NPS USE ONLY Sculpture group "The Color Guard"(l890) on north side of the (7/72) NAME PHOTO CREDIT: STREET ANPublE Square 18/75 Form No. 10-301 Rev. 7-72 DEC 1 8 1975 STREET AND NUM BER: U. S. G.S. Cleveland South Quadrangle 1:24, 000 NOV 5 TO BE INCLUDED ON ALL MAPS 1. Property broundaries where required. 2. North arrow. 3. Latitude and longitude reference.

035 039 1970 Cleveland Cuyahoga NAME DATE Ohio 1975 RECEIVED COUNTY REQUIREMENTS STATE CODE COMMON: NATIONAL SCALE: MAP REFERENCE SOURCE: Public Square AND/OR HISTORIC: NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY MAP FORM ENTRY NUMBER NATIONAL PARK SERVICE (Type all entries -attach to or enclose with map) FOR NPS USE ONLY UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR CITY OR TOWN: LOCATION Cleveland Public Square OHIO-CUYAHOGA CO UNITED STATES CLEVELAND SOUTH QUADRANGLE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Cleveland North DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Public Square. Form No. 10-301 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Rev. 7-72 DEC 1 8 1975 STREET AND NUM BER: U. S. G. S. Cleveland North Quadrangle TO BE INCLUDED ON ALL MAPS NOV 5 1. Property broundaries where required. 2. North arrow. 3. Latitude and longitude reference.

035 1970 039 Cuyahoga Cleveland NATIONAL Ohio COUNTY DATE REGISTER STATE CODE NAME COMMON: RECEIVED Cleveland Public Square 1:24,000 SCALE: PROPERTY MAP FORM SOURCE: AND/OR HISTORIC: ENTRY NUMBER NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REQUIREMENTS MAP REFERENCE FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE (Type all entries-attach to or enclose with map) CITY OR TOWN: * U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1973 LOCATION Quadrant Public Square Quadrangle UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR N4130w8137.5/7.5 CLEVELAND NORTH QUADRANGLE CLEVELAND NORTH. OHIOC Cleveland GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 4594/260 North 17 442/090 East Cleveland South Public Square Cleveland Public Square Hon. Robert Taft, Jr. Regional Director, Mid West INT: 2950-75 Name STATE Location Date Entered Region ENTRIES IN THE NATIONAL REGISTER Stark County Also Notified Guyahoga County Hon. Jaaes V.

3taatoa Brunswick Medina Gousty Cievezand 3E0 1 8 1975 Brunswick Zowa Hall and School Hon. Charles A. Moshar MMott 12/19/75 OHIO New Baltimore Inn State uastoric Preservation offi OTHER NAMES: 3 date of entry: ) county code: 5 LOCATION street & number COSTATE 12)SOURCE of NOMINATION LO YES.

NAME 17) features: 2 SUBSTANTIALLY INTACT-3 Oruins OD NOT INTACT-O Dunexposed Oreconstrueted - Unknown Dunexcavated ZO NOT APPLICABLE - 9 - No Access 21 AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE : -LANDSCAPE ARCH.- 15 - POLITICS / GOVT.* 21 -RECREATION -28 CLAIMS: explain CARCHEOLOGY -prehistoric-2 'first'O - LAW-16 C RELIGION - 22 C SETTLEMENT-29 CARCHEOLOGY -historic-1 - COMMUNICATIONS-7 - LITERATURE - 17 - SCIENCE- 23 Loldest'O - AGRICULTURE -3 - CONSERVATION - 8 C HEALTH-27 C MILITARY - 18 - ECONOMICS - 9 C INDUSTRY-13 - MUSIC - 19 - SOCIAL / CULTURAL- 30 'only' D CART-5 - EDUCATION-10 - INVENTION -14 - PHILOSOPHY - 20 C TRANSPORTATION -25 @dates of initial construction: major alterations : 3architectural style(s): @master builder: @ artist: EVENTS : Ireviewers initiats.

_date_ TIF ADDITIONAL SPACE NEEDED, NUMBER & PUT ON REVERSEE county 035 1915 engineer: Midwest ASSOCIATION Cuyahoga ACREAGE ACCESS FEDERAL ENGINEERING-11 INSTITUTIONAL: ENTERTAINMENT-26 historic events: Cleveland WHEN HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT: CURRENTLY: PRIVATE ORGANIZATION COMMERCE-6 ADMINISTRATOR: NATIONAL REGISTER WRITE-UP SAVED?YES LOCAL Ddeteriorated Superior Ave. and Ontario St. URBAN PLANNING-31 if state who prepared form? Daltered vicinity of Dfair Doriginal site EXPLORATION-12 NAMES give role & date Dexcellent Omoved GNPS REGION: IS PROPERTY A HISTORIC DISTRICT?Dyesno Ogood NATIONAL REGISTER DATA SHEET 11) WITHIN NATIONAL HISTORIC LANOMARK?

J@ ARCHITECTURE-4 3 functions 1794; 18881894: D landscape architect / garden designer: 3 interior decorator: * builder/contractor: -YES- Restricted PERSONAL:T 12-18-75 ETHNIC GROUP Cleveland Public Square 3artisan: DNAME as itlappears on federal register: Calvary DNO EO UNKHOWN-S