Nomination for Warszawa Neighborhood District

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

received DCT 1 4 1980 NOV 28 1. Name and/or common street & number - not for publication city, town - vicinity of - county _ state _ unoccupied X district - public - agriculture _ museum -building(s) X private X commercial -park _ structure _ work in progress X educational - private residence _ site X religious - in process - yes: unrestricted - government . scientific . being considered _ other: 4. Owner of Property 5. Location of Legal Description courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. - yes - - federal _ local 1976 039 Location transportation Columbus Accessible Category both entertainment date code Ownership Cuyahoga Cleveland industrial Public Acquisition historic object Status Ohio Ohio Historical Society Warszawa Neighborhood District Cuyahoga County Administration Building Inventory-Nomination Form date entered 6.

Representation in Existing Surveys Present Use Type all entries-complete applicable sections military Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service depository for survey records 3. Classification Multiple private ownership United States Department of the Interior See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms East 65th Street and Forman Avenue 1219 Ontario Ohio Historic Inventory has this property been determined elegible? For HCRS use only National Register of Historic Places title congressional district FHR-8-300 (11-78) 7. Description _ excellent .unaltered X original site - moved _ fair This is a district consisting of four city blocks along East 65th Street, a north-south thoroughfare, and one block to the east along Forman Avenue. residential structures, built between 1880 and 1920.

The majority of the buildings roof line treatments, including an overhanging pent roof of tile. One of the in the center of the district, constructed of an unusual hard pressed rock-faced institutional than residential. brick, but the interior office contains much of the original latel9th century office woodwork and furnishings. aluminum siding, and more recently, wooden jigsaw work which purports to be of rural vernacular Polish origin. However, the ensemble of the street over- At the north end of the district stands a major focal point, a large cruciform Register (6-22-76). On the corner of 65th Street to the west of the church is wall dormers (1913). To the east of the church are a playground, a power ruins unexposed Condition deteriorated (continued) Recessed second-story porches are not uncommon.

There is an occasional Queen Anne house of special historic significance (see Kniola house under masonry with a massive hipped roof and a regular pattern of rectangular Several of the commercial buildings have had partial re-facing with permastone, windows.There is one large free-standing residence which occupies a corner Victorian Gothic church of brick construction.It has two facade towers with brick.Its massive rectangularity, hip roof and wall dormers are almost more open octagonal belfries.St. Stanislaus Church is fully described in the National Check one on the facade or ata corner angle,in which case having pyramidal roofs. frame construction, and a majority are in the late 19th century vernacular front directly on the sidewalk with no yard.They are predominantly of wood comes these minor alterations to maintain its overall integrity. called Queen Anne.

There is a great deal of variety in the facade treatments; carved bargeboard from an earlier period. Significance). It has an octagonal corner bay, a central attic gable dormer, The buildings lining 65th Street are a mixture of two-story commercial and A few commercial fronts are of brick, and there is a variety of parapet and Opposite the intersection of Chambers Street standsa 2-l/2 story wood frame the rectory, a 2-l/2 story rectangular brick structure with a hip roof and - good Describe the present and original (if known) physical appearance

Description of the property

among the most common features are gable dormers and oriel bay windows railing and frieze. The ground-floor commercial front has been re-faced with date and an open second-story porch on the north corner with an unusual curved most unusual structures is a large rectangular block of coursed rock-faced NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM ITEM NUMBER 4 WARSZAWA NEIGHBORHOOD DISTRICT Catholic Diocese of Cleveland, 1031 Superior Avenue, Cleveland 44114 The Rev. Clarence Korgie, 3649 East 65th Street, Cleveland 44105 Alex J. Reda, 3732 East 65th, 44105 Steve Walkuski, 3724 East 65th, Joseph Lapka, 31755 Sedgefield Oval, Solon 44139 Mary Bukowski, 3708 East 65th, Benjamin R. Flowers, 6615 Daisy Avenue, Dorothy Yarmesch, 19850 Chagrin Blvd., Shaker Heights 44122 Charles J.

Nohava, 13618 Carpenter Road, Garfield Heights 44125 Witkowski, Malafa & Witkowski, Inc., 6505 Chambers Avenue, 44105 PAGE FHR-8-300A CONTINUATION SHEET (11/78) HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICE Property Owners UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR HCRS USE ONLY Donzie Meadwell, 3700 East 65th, Joseph Mosinski, 3667 East 65th, Herman Zaroski, 3676 East 65th, 44105 Leonard Robakowski, 3672 East 65th, Alice Smaron, 3668 East 65th, Raymond J. Likowski, 4434 Warner Road, Carl A. Roth, 6501 Sebert Avenue, 44105 DATE ENTERED.

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

Significance Areas of Significance-Check and justify below - prehistoric landscape architecture_ X religion - archeology-historic _ science -agriculture . literature - sculpture X architecture X social/ . music X 1800-1899 . commerce X exploration/settlement _ - philosophy x 1900- - politics/government _transportation _other (specify) named by its early inhabitants after the Polish capital, was the primary Polish Orlikowski family residence.

razed, the neighborhood continues as a viable Polish-American residential and East 65th Street, which forms the core of the district, is a typical turn-of-the- forms, adapted themselves to the physical environment of American vernacular The Kniola Travel Bureau, which is under consideration by a National Historic passage, translating letters, calculating exchange rates and negotiating pathways 1700-1799 1600-1699 1500-1599 1400-1499 education Period conservation invention engineering theater humanitarian Builder/Architect building. industry (continued) streets.Located among the storefronts and housing are two major landmarks- law commercial district.

century American residential and commercial thoroughfare.It illuminates the Rolling Mills.Many of the Poles who settled in Warszawa emigrated from through business and governmental bureaucracies in order to assure the stable Polish immigrant population at the turn of the century.The Poles were one of neighborhood of three major ones in Cleveland.The structures in the district the largest of the many immigrant groups to settle in Cleveland, and Warszawa," century immigration in the demographic and social history of Cleveland and other American cities, this district illustrates a significant aspect of American This small district is the core of an urban neighborhood which housed a large country at the turn of the century.Considering the importance of late 19th St.Stanislaus Roman Catholic Church and the Kniola Travel Bureau--and the Prussian Poland in order to escape the political and cultural suppression in that _communications are typical of those adapted by a variety of ethnic groups arriving in this Statement of Significance

Statement of significance

(in one paragraph) life. The original neighborhood covers an area much larger than the core district, settlement of new arrivals from the Old World.

Kniola's pivotal position in the Polish immigration to Cleveland, which began in the 1870s and reached its peak _economics section of the former Polish state.Though the steel mills have been closed and Landmarks survey team, was the home and office of Michael Kniola (1859-1944), but this is the section which retains a large measure of integrity and which military in the early 19o0s, was spurred by the need for workers in the nearby Cleveland _art - archeology-prehistoric fact that immigrant populations, far from importing Old World architectural 1880-1920 Specific dates community planning exhibits a degree of architectural diversity not found in the residential side who served the important functions ofassisting immigrants to book steamship A People 100 Years, St. Stanislaus (1973).

The rest of the file

Bibliography, boundary description, and the people who prepared and reviewed the nomination.

Geographical Data ca. 9 acres Quadrangle scale - _ state 11. Form Prepared By The evaluated significance of this property within the state is: . national X local As the designated State Historic Preservation Officer for the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89 GPO 928 835 code county date Northing Easting Zone Cleveland Ohio Acreage of nominated property Attest: Verbal boundary description and justification name/title Cleveland South Chief of Registration UMT References Western Reserve Historical Society News, John Grabowski, Ethnic Archivist March 1980 Eric Johannesen, Preservation Officer 12.

State Historic Preservation Officer Certification 1:24,000 State Historic Preservation Officer signature List all states and counties for properties overlapping state or county boundaries I hereby certify that this property is included in the National Register Quadrangle name 9. Major Bibliographical References city or town ACREAGE NOT VERIFIED Michael Kniola papers (W.R.H.S.) For HCRS use only IITM NOT VERIFIED May-June 1977, 26-29. L45/896100 street & number National Register 216-721-5722 organization telephone See Continuation Sheet. according to the criteria and procedures set forth by the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service.

10825 East Boulevard 665),I hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Regster and certify that it has been evaluated UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM Warszawa Neighborhood District, Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, Ohio CONTINUATION SHEET which was the other main axis of the neighborhood. However, it has been the nominated district. Likewise, at the north end beyond the church, the degree of alteration and deterioration does not support the integrity of the flow of immigration enabled him to command not only the respect of his ary material, including letters from residents in Poland, ledger books, bills, Kniola's office in the day-to-day life of the immigrant community.

convent, high school and elementary school, wherein at least 50 percent SIGNIFICANCE DESCRIPTION FHR-8-300A (continued) realized Victorian Gothic churches in northeastern Ohio, particularly with three-story convent with wall dormers harmonizing with those on the or business influence in the Polish community. His office, which still receipts, money order stub books, and correspondence with figures such as fellow Poles but also the attention of native Americans seeking political prototypes (National Register,6-22-76). Its supporting structur es --rectory, of Polish immigration to Cleveland and illustrates the importance of the side streets are primarily residential and of fairly uniform design; FOR HCRS USE ONLY operates as a travel bureau, has already yielded a vast quantity of document- Elihu Root and Theodore Burton. All of this material clarifies the process (11/78) district.

With the exception of the church compound, the structures along church compound is surrounded by an iron fence with brick posts. St.Stanislaus Church was the most costly and one of the largest ethnic to the significance or understanding of the core district. churches of 19th century Cleveland.

Itis also one of the most completely At the south end of the district,65th Street intersects with Fleet Avenue, rectory (1918),anda three-story brick elementary school (1921).The entire plant(pre-l912),a large three-story brick parochial high school (1907),a ITEM NUMBER 7-8 PAGE 1 regard to its ornamental scheme, which is based on Eastern European UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICE RECEIVED OCT 1 4 1980 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM Warszawa Neighborhood District, Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, Ohio CONTINUATION SHEET GEOGRAPHICAL DATA Beginning at the midpoint of East 65th Street and Baxter Avenue, continue north along the center of East 67th, and west along the center line of FHR-8-300A The boundary justification is stated in the last paragraph of Description.

DATE ENTERED of the classes were taught in Polish -- demonstrate the church's unchallenged position as the center of ethnic community life. (11/78) south on East 65th to the north property line of 3648 East 65th;thence west Baxter Avenue to the point of beginning. is the most notable one on the street. Orlikowski and his brother Bernard, the political and social life of Warszawa.

a Cleveland City Council member in 1920,were both major influences in center of Forman Avenue;thence east along Forman to East67th Street, FOR HCRS USE ONLY ITEM NUMBER 8-10 PAGE 2 The large red brick residence of Frank Orlikowski, a paving contractor, along the property line and south along the west property lines from 3648 to 3738 East 65th; thence east along the south property lines of 3738 and 3737 East 65th and north along the east property lines from 3737 East 65th to the UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR HCRS USE ONLY NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM WARSZAWA NEIGHBORHOOD DISTRICT 1" = 2001 Ca. 9 Acres 1. St. Stanislaus a. church b. rectory c. power house d. high school e. elementary school f. convent 2. Kniola Travel Bureau 3.

Orlikowski residence 3648 3738 3737 Church compound FHR-8-300A Scale: Forman Avenue Baxter Avenue Fleet Avenue altered structure CONTINUATION SHEET Sebert Avenue HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICE (11/78) East 65th Street empty lot ITEM NUMBER PAGE 3 UCT 1 4 1980 RECEIVED Photos - Entered NOV 28 1980 KEEPER OTHER Inventory HAER CONTROL Maps Send-back Re-submit Review HISTORIAN Property National Register Write-up 2-2-82 Federal Register Entry BRANCH CHIEF United States Department of the Interior-Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service TECHNICAL REVIEW UNIT CHIEF Accept. P. Reed 1/26/80 State ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN E. Johannesen 1980 2. East 65 Street, west side, looking North from Fleet W.R.H.S Warszawa Neighborhood District Avenue. Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio OCT 1 4 1980 Cleveland Cuyahoga Co., Ohio 1.

East 65th Street, east side, looking North from OCT 1 4 1980 Warszawa Neighborhood District Fleet Avenue. E. Johannesen 1980 W.R.H.S. Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio West toward East 65th. Left: Warszawa Neighborhood District 3. Chambers Avenue looking Orlikowski House. Right: E. Johannesen 1980 W.R.H.S. 4 1980 Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio E. Johannesen 1980 W.R.H.S. 4. East 65th Street, looking OCT 1 4 1980 Warszawa Neighborhood District South from #3648. 8. St. Stanislaus compound, elementary school. Warszawa Neighborhood District Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio E. Johannesen 1980 W.R.H.S. looking West. Convent and 579 Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio E. Johannesen 1980 W.R. H.S. 9. St. Stanislaus elemen- facade, looking West. Warszawa Neighborhood District tary school, Baxter Avenue OCT 1 4 1980 Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio E. Johannesen 1980 W.R.H.S. 7. St.

Stanislaus compound, looking North. Church, power Warszawa Neighborhood District OCT 1 4 1980 house, and high school. E. Johannesen 1980 W R.H.S. 6. Forman Avenue, looking OCT 1 4 1980 Warszawa Neighborhood District Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio and convent. West. Church, high school, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio E. Johannesen 1980 W.R.H.S. 5. St. Stanislaus Church, 1ooking NE. OCT 1 4 1980 NOV 28 1980 corner Forman Avenue, Warszawa Neighborhood District OHIO-CUYAHOGA CO CLEVELAND SOUTH QUADRANGLE 7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC) UNITED STATES CLEVELAND SOUTH, OHIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY N4122.5 - W8137.5/7.5 17 446/150 East June 2, 1980 DIOCESE OF CLEVELAND CHANCERY BUILDING, CATHEDRAL SQUARE CLEVELAND. OHIO 44114 Mr. David L.

Brooks I-71 & 17th Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43211 Ohio, I am pleased that said Church is being considered cent structure, but speaks to the world of the faith repairing, altering, selling or even demolishing, of your consideration, I am OCT 1 4 1980 REGISTER NATIONAL Ohio Historical Center Bishop of Cleveland Thanking you and your committees for the kindness religious and political freedom of our great nation. THE CHANCERY for nomination to the National Register of Historic State Historic Preservation Officer As owner having title to St. Stanislaus Catholic RECEIVED Register does not prevent the owner from remodeling, a church that proclaims the glory of God and the It is understood that a listing in the National OFFICE OF THE BISHOP Dear Mr. Brooks: Church, Forman Avenue and E. 65th Street, Cleveland, Cordially, Places.St.

Stanislaus Church is not only a magnifi- and culture of the Plish people who built and maintained provided same is done with other than federal funds. June 13, 1980 I-71 & 17th Ave Dear Mr. Simmons: 6501 Sebert Ave, Cleveland, Ohio is being considered I believe my property, 6501 Sebert, should be listed unusually built building, like a fortress, as illustrated in the roof-lines, attic, & basement in particular. is in the center of the rebuilt & rebuilding area of a the neighborhood 12859 wells wood Tr. OCT 1 4 1980 NATIONAL REGISTER Sincerely yours, Places.

State Historic Preservation Officer David A Simmons Ohio Historic Preservation Officer Ohio Historical Center I have received your notification that my strong ethnic heritage, namely the Warszawa Neighborhood RECEIVED for nomination to the National Register of Historic in the National Register for many reasons.It is an Carl Roth help to do age & time is taking its toll on the Columbus, Ohio 43211 District, Cleveland, Ohio- The political, cultural, economic, social & religious heritage of the neighborhood should be maintained.It will take Federal interest & Gent1emen, Norman C. & Nancy J.

DEGNER 3696 East 65 Street Cleveland, Ohio 44105 NOV 28 1980 OCT 1 4 1980 considered by the Ohio Historic Site Preservation Advisory Board for a single dwelling residence, is in the Warszawa Neighborhood District unfinished attic and dirt-floor cellar.The photocopy indicates the of the wrought iron railings on the front porch the house is essentially Ohio Historic Preservation Office Sincerely, Please advise if you receive any word from the National Register County archives showing the basic design of the house and the materials I would like at this time to take advantage of this opportunity to apply used in its construction; also a recent photograph.With the exception nomination to the National Register of historic places.My the same as it was when built.It has the original floors June 27,1980 (subsequently re-named 'Slavic Villaget). to the National Register.

Enclosed is a photocopy from the Cuyahoga Your letter to me dated May 5,1980 stated that my property is being date built as 1882, but this is an estimate; it could have been earlier. 3696 E 65TH STREET CLEVELAND, OHIO TAXING DISTRICT NET VALUE ADD OR DEDUCT_ . 20x14 STORE NO. 1 STORE NO. 2 DATE BUILT _982 TYPE REPRO. VALUE DEPN EXTRAS NOME BASE PRICE - SIZE 44105 1980 FLOOR FRONT BUILDING OTHER FACTOR REPRODUCTION ROOF DATE TOTAL PORCH EXTENSIONS DESCRIPTION OWNER DUPLICATE STORIES AREA 680 DIMENSIONS DOWN OTHER BUILDINGS ACTUAL GARAGE REMODELED WALLS RENTAL EST. OTHER SUITE PETITION NO 2-FAMILY REPRO. STORE ADDITION STREET VALUATION CHANGES ORIGINAL RECORD PER MONTH DOUBLE DWELLING COST OF BUILDING SKETCH OF BUILDING 280 NORMAN DEGNER 1-FAMILY DWELLING ENUMERATOR DERRECIA'N Estimate UNEX CARD NO.

ONE SIDE 1895 ENCL NET VALUE GARAGE - 20 x6 CLASS SCHEDULE 230 V2Ex 023 V.00 TWO-FAMILY DWELLING 1-STORY & DECK NET ADD'N O PINE Q PIERS MASONRY TO FLR EXT. WALLS O WOOD STEPS MASONRY - TILE FLOORS O ENCLOSED COMPO. ROLL DORMER O S.CHIMNEY OUTSIDE CHIMNEY NO ATTIC INT'R TRIM AUTO. H.W. HEATER TENANT SLATE ( - VEST - DATE - FT. HIGH WAINS. IN BATH WAINS. IN LAVA. OR DED'N. FORM NO.

1 FOUNDATION INFORMATION NONE TOLERANCES AIR-CONDITIONED HEATING PLUMBING FLAT HARDWOOD PLAIN DETAILED CLAY EXCAVATED ROOF BASEMENT TOTALS PLASTERED VAPOR LAVATORIES BATHS PART GUM TERRACE MANSARD DROP ITEM INTERIOR TRIM UNFINISHED ASBESTOS STEAM EARTH WIDE ROOMS FINISHED CABINETS GABLE ASPHALT MANTELS ENAMEL VESTIBULE PORCHES STOVES DEDUCT STONE DOUBLE DWELLING FULL GAMBREL GRAVEL HIP BAYS STORE ADDITION FACE BRICK RECESSED RADIATION NARROW SIDING PLASTERED CEILING CEMENT BLOCK CEMENT TILE ROLL ROOFING FURNISHED BY AGENT. EXTERIOR WALLS TILE WORK SHOWER STALL AUTOMATIC STOKER FLOOR IN BATH EXTRA FIXTURES WOOD SHINGLES ONE-FAMILY DWELLING RECREATION ROOM CHECKED BY HOT WATER APPRAISED BY CEMENT FLOOR COMMON BRICK EXAMINED BY TILE WAINS. SHOWER WALLS STUCCO ON MASN'Y STUCCO ON WOOD HOT AIR WALL BOARD 2-STORY BAY LAV. TO RAIL KITCHEN WALLS 230 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION KITCH.

SINK & TOILET ALL 200 NOV 28 1980 Rhoads, Peter F., House Gallía County Ring, Walter, House & Mill Site Marsh, George H., Homestead and the Marsh Van Wert County Honorable Howard M. Metzenbaum Honorable John H. Glenn, Jr. Mr. Dellas H. Harder Honorable Willis D. Gradison, Jr. Honorable John N. Ashbrook Honorable Clarence I.

Miller Columbus, Ohio 43211 Location Name Newark Byers/bjr/12/24/80 Somerset STATE Cleveland Date Entered Cincinnati Wood County Also Notified Licking County The Ohio Historical Society Patriot vicinity Cuyahoga County Sheridan House Ida Street Viaduct Warazawa Neighborhood District Graysville vicinity Hanilton County Honorable Douglas Applegate Bowling Green Acting State Historic Preservation Officer Perry County Foundation School Honorable Mary Rose Oakar Davis Mill ENTRIES IN THE NATIONAL REGISTER For further information, please call the National Register at (202)343-6401. Monroe County Interstate 7l at l7th Avenue Main Street Historic District Honorable Delbert L. Latta Van Wert OHIO Mr. Teddy Sliwinski Cleveland, Ohio 44105 Dear Mr. Wilwinski: Chambers Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, in the Warszawa Neighborhood Distriet. Ohio 43211.

If you need further information or assistance, please let us know. We appreeiate your Carol D. Shull Carol D. Shull Dr. W. Ray Luce, SHPO, Ohio FNP:S Harrison:dyw:1/17/83:23504 BASIC FILE RETAINED IN NR Disk #20 - 5031 Sincerely, nomination form of the distriet. Attorney and Counsellor at Law The Warszawa Neighborhood Distriet was entered in the National Register of Historic Preservation Officer,to ascertain whether the State of Ohio has a plaque program.Dr. Chief of Registration Interageney Resource Management Division Thank you for your letter of November 23,1982,concerning the inclusions of 6502 6514 Fleet Avenue Enclosure currently included in the National Register,it is not economically feasible to have such a interest in the historie preservation programs of the National Park Service.

recognition of properties listed in the National Register.With over 25,oo0 properties Places on November 28,1980,and 6502 Chambers Avenue is located within the district's 710 Unfortunately, the National Park Service does not provide certifieates or plagues in program.You may wish to contact Dr,W.Ray Luce, the Ohio State Historie Luce's address is the Ohio Historical Society,Interstate 71 at 17th Avenue, Columbus, bounderies.Enelosed is information on the National Register and e copy of the (216) 641 -9191 6514 FLEET AVENUE CLEVELAND, OHIO 44105 November 23, 1982 U.S. Dept. of the Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44105, known as the Orlikowski resi- Very truly yours, Teddy Sliwinski Gentlemen: TS/1m markers on plaques. dence was nominate and accepted for historic designation.

of its nomination petition and information about designation Can you provide me with evidence of its registration, copy I have been informed that my residence at 6502 Chambers It islocated in the Warszawa historical district of Cleveland. Your help will be greatly appreciated. I thank you in advance for your cooperation in this matter. Form No. 10-300 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE - NÅTIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM NOV 28 1980 SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS AND/OR COMMON STREET & NUMBER NOT FOR PUBLICATION CITY.

TOWN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT - VICINITY OF Co Cuyahoga PRESENT USE STRUCTURE _WORK IN PROGRESS PUBLIC ACQUISITION OBJECT _IN PROCESS XYES: RESTRICTED BEING CONSIDERED -YES: UNRESTRICTED OTHER: OWNER OF PROPERTY Ohio 44104 5 LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION REGISTRY OF DEEDS,ETC. 1 Lakeside Avenue REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS 1976 BOTH CODE LOCATION DATE STATE PARK Columbus ACCESSIBLE OWNERSHIP TITLE GOVERNMENT CLASSIFICATION CATEGORY SITE DISTRICT AGRICULTURE COURTHOUSE. NAME HISTORIC INDUSTRIAL MILITARY STATUS Cuyahoga County Courthouse Cleveland _EDUCATIONAL Ohio Historic Preservation Office XBUILDING(S) Michael P. Kniola Travel Bureau and Residence Ohio Historic Inventory _TRANSPORTATION Ben R. Flowers _SCIENTIFIC Ohio DATE ENTERED XPRIVATE _UNOCCUPIED 3690 East 65th Street -MUSEUM (Rev.

10-74) X PRIVATE RESIDENCE 035 ENTERTAINMENT RELIGIOUS 20-Mary Rose Oakar COMMERCIAL _PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE - PERIOD AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE -- CHECK AND JUSTIFY BELOW _PREHISTORIC COMMUNITY PLANNING -LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE ARCHEOLOGY-HISTORIC ECONOMICS LITERATURE SOCIAL/HUMANITARIAN X 1800-1899 TRANSPORTATION X 1900- XX OTHER (SPECIFY) STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE arrivals, arranged employment, operated as the community's As he added banking, labor brokerage, real estate, and in John J. Grabowski, Judith Zielinski-Zak, Alice Boberg, and Cleveland (Cleveland, 1976), 173.

1700-1799 THEATER PHILOSOPHY ARCHITECTURE LAW EDUCATION MILITARY ART Unknown AGRICULTURE MUSIC POLITICS/GOVERNMENT SCIENCE INDUSTRY between the immigrant community and the larger society.No ARCHEOLUGY-PREHISTORIC _EXPLORATION/SETTLEMENT to the United States, provided food and housing for recent LCOMMUNICATIONS _CONSERVATION that initial business venture and expanded his activities in _1500-1599 to-grave relationship with many of his clients," says the city's oldest Polish enclave.He was not content with _1600-1699 ENGINEERING countrymen, these individuals arranged immigrant passage INVENTION development and growth of America's immigrant communities Ethnic entrepreneurs played central roles in the as the intermediaries between the homeland and America and Ralph Wroblewski, Polish Americans and their Communities of leadership and development) in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

first bankers and credit institutions, and generally served and ethnic community _1400-1499 the next decade to become, according to ethnic historian _RELIGION _SCULPTURE AMERICAN WAYS OF LIFE Poland in 1859,came to the United States in 1873,and XCOMMERCE Cleveland, Ohio. settled in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1880. After working for a few -John J. Grabowsk1, "The Polish Community of Cleveland," Grabowski, and became "literally the Godfather of Warszawa."2 individual more effectively symbolizes this ethnic entrepre- Western Reserve Historical Society News (May-June 1977), 26-27. * FHR-8-250A (10/78) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR HCRS USE ONLY - HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICE DATE ENTERED ITEM NUMBER 8 PAGE one or 1950's, but the interior furniture and equipment remain P.

Kniola (1859-1944) epitomized those highly influential GPO 936-009 HISTORY Bureau structure remains virtually intact above the first floor Ethnic entrepreneurs played central roles in the associations and the city and and state Republican organi- vides an outstanding illustration of the central role of INVENTORY-NOMINATION FORM CONTINUATION SHEET his family and settled in New Jersey, where the ambitious ethnic enclaves.

banker-travel broker in the immigration process and the development and growth of America's immigrant communities The Michael P.Kniola Travel Bureau and Residence is broader importance of local businessmen to the social, circumstances eventually curbed his influence, Kniola was Poland.-In 1873 he immigrated to the United States with papers at the Western Reserve Historical Society, this His influence extended as well to religious and fraternal Kniola Travel the Michael P.Kniola Travel Bureau and Residence thus pro- and still prominently displays Kniola's name on the central of the local businessman in the growth and development of the ethnic community. still recognized at his death in lg44 as the patriarch of economic, and political life of the ethnic community. Kniola was born in 1859 in the Prussian section of NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES RECEIVED Cleveland.

The combination commercial and residential gabled dormer. the community and a symbol of its founding and growth. structure presents a rare opportunity to examine the role a two-and-a-half-story wood frame structure erected in l89l community leaders in the founding and maturation of America's in the geographic center of the Warszawa neighborhood of individuals. His career illustrates both the role of the The ground floor was altered in the l940's + FHR-8-250A (10/78) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR HCRS USE ONLY - HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICE CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER PAGE two in ethnic communities, since the lack of refrigeration GPO 936-009 Bureau RECEIVED Kniola Travel INVENTORY-NOMINATION FORM a Polish town situated in the corporate limits of Cleveland."3 The city's post-Civil War industrial growth created an advancement seemed brighter.

enormous demand for labor and attracted increasing numbers his wife saved as much as possible from his earnings in left their homeland in the wake of major demographic, social, in a brickyard, where the managers needed someone who could Kniola was not content to remain employed in the ment principally in the city's rolling mills and in the center dominated by iron, steel, and subsidiary industries. of new immigrants, including Poles like Kniola who had labor market, and Kniola soon moved on to a job as foreman finally opened a small grocery store on Tod 65th) DATE ENTERED ambitions, however, and in 1880 he and his new bride Mary By 1880 Cleveland had become a leading manufacturing NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Skarupska moved to Cleveland, Ohio, where prospects for and economic upheavals. This area, known as Cleveland mills for the rest of his life.

Instead, he and Life in the United States (Englewood, 1977), 150. Street. Grovery stores were typically the first businesses The grocery of the English language proved an advantage in the immigrant necessitated daily trips to purchase food. southeastern section of the city. early l88o's established a sizeable enclave nearby in the 3Grabowski, "polish Community of Cleveland," 135. Maxine Seller, To Seek America: A History of Ethnic young Pole spent his days working in a tobacco factory and + FHR-8-250A (10/78) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR HCRS USE ONLY - HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICE ITEM NUMBER credit, the usual staples stocked by such an enterprise, and Approached by relatives already resident in the city, he the travel broker "arrange for numerous passages, but he often institution. three RECEIVED PAGE INVENTORY-NOMINATION FORM 5Grabowski, "Michael P.

Kniola," 27. negotiated pathways through business and governmental bureauc- at the geographic center of the Cleveland Polish community, Kniola Travel DATE ENTERED "Despite his seemingly pedestrian vocation, the travel broker translated letters, calculated monetary exchange rates and soon went beyond the confines that limited his competitors. rented lodgings, advanced credit in his store, and found jobs ship travel and virtually unrestricted immigration, ca. 1880- bringing thousands of immigrants to various American cities. significant entrepreneurial innovation, however, was selling travel brokerage business had become more profitable than Kniola's store quickly became this sort of neighborhood side until l9oo, when he sold out his remaining stocks.

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES 1920,the travel broker was the crucial link in the process of "In the era of safe steam- Using the safe in the rear of the store, he assumed the role Furthermore, says Grabowski, "not only did GPO 935-009 the grocery, so he formally organized a travel agency and luxuries such as beer and tobacco products. munity," according to Grabowski. According to Grabowski,"the store offered liberal or steamship agent was one of the powers in any ethnic com- Kniola, however, , FHR-8-250A (10/78) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR HCRS USE ONLY - HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICE RECEIVED 3GT NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET C Ization in 1892 of the Polonia w Ameryce, the city's first For example, he served on the lay Society" (1977), 1. GPO 936-009 Bureau concerns.

Kniola Travel The Republican program and philosophy proved the most successful entrepreneur. fact that Polish fraternal organizations traditionally handled INVENTORY-NOMINATION FORM which were important institutions in a community in which board of the St.Stanislaus Polish Roman Catholic Church the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad, the American Savings and Loan, the most influential of these institutions Polish paper. the vote for upcoming state and national elections, particu- the Columbia Chemical Company in Barberton, the Erie Railroad, he set up the Polish Republican Club in order to organize parish and helped found the Knights of St.Casimir, a Polish of Its Records, 1884-1950,in the Western Reserve Historical In the l8go's Kniola began to diversify his activities PAGE four ITEM NUMBER He made his greatest impact, however, ment .

persuasive, and Kniola became, says Grabowski, "the driving 9Grabowski, "Polish Community in Cleveland," 186. establishment of neighborhood savings and loan associations, Rolling Mill Company in Middletown, and other area industrial of ethnic support and aggressively sought Kniola's endorse- in politics.Politicians in the l8go's recognized the value force behind the organization of the Polish businessmen and actually acted on a commission basis as a labor broker for Kniola was a prominent community leader as well as a He also became involved in the He arranged meetings and spoke He sold real estate and insurance despite the even further. the latter in the community.

fraternal association.E - FHR-8-250A (10/78) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICE DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET World War I, immigration restriction, and the growing --taken from the Cleveland News, Dec. 1927-Jan. 1928," p.54 GPO 936-009 five Bureau community. PAGE Kniola Travel INVENTORY-NOMINATION FORM not the extent of his power and influence actually matched Through his political activities Kniola became a close affinity of the Poles for the Democratic party lessened his that epithet, Kniola did play a central role in the founding associate of Marcus Hanna and Senator Theodore Burton. respected community figure and a symbol of its founding and ITEM NUMBER larly William McKinley's bid for the presidency in 1896. Kniola's influence declined somewhat by the l920's.

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES son Raymond, but he remained until his death in 1944 a Grabowski suggests, however, that he can be more clearly growth. the ethnic entrepreneur and his pivotal role in the economic, social, and political development of the American immigrant and maturation of the community.He thus ably represents Whether or X ORIGINAL SITE X ALTERED _MOVED DATE. DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE at the other end of the front facade, features a second- dark green, but the frames are white. CONDITION EXCELLENT UNEXPOSED DETERIORATED house. UNALTERED RUINS The Michael P.Kniola Travel Bureau and Residence was the geographic center of the Polish community of Warszawa. One- and two-story brick and frame residences from roughly FAIR black asbestos shingles.

exterior remains virtually intact above the first-floor X_GOOD store was constructed of wood frame in the Queen Anne style This includes paneled oak display cases, cabinets, and desks broken into two separate entrances, each featuring recessed cutouts in an ornate curved pattern frame the two open sides much of the original furniture and office equipment remains. 7DESCRIPTION This two-and-a-half-story combination residence and CHECK ONE the house along the front facade by a narrow shingled pent member of the Kniola family lives in the upper portion of the mented dormer rises from the hipped roof and displays the portions of the windows and doors are painted dark green, ture, Kniola reportedly owned the houses on either side and English and Polish the company's principal activities. Inside, Bureau still functions here under the ownership of Ben Flowers, to the rear.

erected in 189l at 924 Tod Street (now 3690 East 65th Street), who bought it from Michael Kniola's son in the l96o's. The first floor was altered in the l940's or 1950's by storefront, which is separated from the upper portion of name "M.P. Kniola." single-sash with sidelights. Triangular dormers are located It features both one-over-one sash and multi- Kniola's son Raymond.The simple buff brick facade is DATE building.

the same period line the street.In addition to this struc- Spindles and wood paned one-sash windows and is topped with an octagonal- and the glass panes still advertise in gold leaf in both tower cuts across the southeast corner of the top story and Second-floor windows are generally of the The two windows in the dormer are The one-and-a-half-and one-story rear wings have one-over-one sash type.All sashes and sills are painted In the center of the front facade, a gabled and pedi- floor porch set back under the roof line. at the eave level along the north and south sides of the of the porch. and a half. Michael P. Kniola Travel Bureau and Cleveland, Ohio Photo No. 1 By: James B. Gardner, AASLH OCT 1 4 1980 NOV 28 1980 Residence View: From southeast, showing the 3690 East 65th Street east corner of the Kniola building.

Date: August 1979 east facade and the south- Negative at: HSS, HCRS Photo No. 2 Michael P. Kniola Travel Bureau and Cleveland, Ohio Photo No. 3 By: James B. Gardner, AASLH Negative at: HSS, HCRS Photo No. 4 1 4 1980 NOV 28 1980 Residence side of the Kniola building. 3690 East 65th Street View: From northeast, showing the Date: August 1979 east facade and the north NOV 28 OCT 1 4 1980 Michael P. Kniola Travel Bureau and Cleveland, Ohio Photo No. 5 Negative at: HSS, HCRS Date: August 1979 NOV 28 OCT 1 4 1980 Residence building. 3690 East 65th Street upper story and a half of the east View: From east, showing the east facade of the Kniola By: James B. Gardner, AASLH Photo No. 6 View: From northeast, showing the 660 000 Michael P. Kniola Travel Bureau and Cleveland, Ohio U.S.G.S.

7.5' Series Zone OCT 1 4 1980 FEET Reisdence 446,120/4,589,580 Ohio; Cleveland South Quad. 1963; photorevised 1970 27'30" 3690 East 65th Street MAFLE HEIGHTS 3.5 M/. burgh Heights ORVER (AVE NOV 28 1980 AVE 4590 4592 - FHR-8-250A (10/78) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR HCRS USE ONLY - HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Taken from the Cleveland News, Dec. 1927-Jan. 1928." Society," 1977. Copy at the Western Reserve Historical Grabowski, Judith Zielinski-Zak, Alice Boberg, and Ralph Cleveland Ethnic Heritage Studies, 1976). Society Seller, Maxine, To Seek America: A History of Ethnic Life in the United States (Englewood: Jerome S. Ozer, Publisher, GPO 936-009 NOV 28 1980 one PAGE RECEIVED Library. "The Polish Settlements in Cleveland, 1870-1900," 1977).

INVENTORY-NOMINATION FORM Ohio Historic Inventory, "Kniola Travel Bureau," 1976. Copy Scrapbook in the Western Reserve Historical Society "The Polish Community of Cleveland," in John J. Kniola Travel Cleveland (cleveland: Cleveland State University, at the Ohio Historic Preservation Office. DATE ENTERED ITEM NUMBER 1977. Unpublished paper and the Western Reserve Historical Galush, Willian John,"Forming Polonia: A Study of Four tion, University of Minnesota, 1975. Polish-American Communities, 1890-1940." Ph.D. disserta- Grabowski, John J., "The Kniola Travel Bureau: A Register of OCT 1 4 1980 Wroblewski, Polish Americans and their Communities of Society Library. 9 MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES 10 GEOGRAPHICAL DATA VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION Cleveland, Ohio. (Parcel No. 132-8-61).

STATE : 1 FORM PREPARED BY NAME / TITLE STREET & NUMBER (615) 242-5583 CITY OR TOWN 2 STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER CERTIFICATION THE EVALUATED SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS PROPERTY WITHIN THE STATE IS: LOCAL _ As the designated State Historic Preservation Officer for the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665).I hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the criteria and procedures set forth by the National Park Service. STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER SIGNATURE FOR NPS USE ONLY I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS PROPERTY IS INCLUDED IN THE NATIONAL REGISTER KEEPER OF THE NATIONAL REGISTER CODE COUNTY TELEPHONE ZONE DATE Nashville NORTHING NATIONAL The boundary of the inventoried property coincides with James B.

Gardner, Historian, Historic Landmarks Project 1400 Eighth Avenue South American Association for State and Local History ZONE EASTING UTM REFERENCES (See continuation sheet.) September 1979 UTM NOT VERIFIED ACREAGE NOT VERFIED GPO 892.453 ATTEST: ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY_ DIRECTOR. OFFICE OF ARCHEOLOGY AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES 37203 Tennessee the boundary of the legal lot known as 3690 East 65th Street, ca.1/l0 acre