Nomination for Buildings at 24--30 Summer St.

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

NPS Form 10-900 (3-82) OMB No. 1024-001 Expires 10-31-87 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type all entries - complete applicable sections 1. Name For NPS use only received NOV date entered 6 985 - historic 24-30 Summer Street and or common 2. Location 24-30 Summer Street street & number 24-30 Summer Street N/ Anot for publication city, town Lawrence N/A vicinity of state Mass 3.

Classification Category Ownership district public X building(s) x private structure both site Public Acquisition object N/A in process - being considered code 025 county Essex code 009 Status X occupied unoccupied _ work in progress Accessible X yes: restricted - yes: unrestricted no Present Use agriculture commercial educational entertainment government industrial military -museum - park xprivate residence . religious - scientific transportation - other: 4. Owner of Property name Covenant Apartments Limited Partnerships, c/o Covenant Housing, Inc. street &number 41 Central Street city, town Andover N/Avicinity of 5. Location of Legal Description state Mass courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. North Essex Registry of Deeds street & number 381 Common Street city, town Lawrence state Mass 6.

Representation in Existing Surveys Tnventory of the Historic Assets of title the Commonwealth #12 has this property been determined eligible? - yes X no date 1978 federal X state county local depository for survey records Massachusetts Historical Commission, 80 Boylston Street city, town Boston state Mass 7. Description Condition excellent x good 24-30 Summer Street, Lawrence, Mass Check one _X unaltered - altered Check one _X original site * deteriorated unexposed Describe the present and original (if known) physical appearance

Description of the property

The red brick structure at 24-30 Summer Street, Lawrence, is located in the densely built northern section of this industrial city. 24-30 Summer Street is located one block from the Mechanics Block Historic District (NR 1978) in a neighborhood of mid to late 19th century multifamily dwellings (most of which have sustained far more alteration than the nominated property). The building, a three-story mansard-roofed structure consisting of four rowhouses with paired entrances, has been altered only slightly on the exterior since its construction in 1877: 28-30 Summer Street is a virtually intact sre ztzre structure, while its neighbor, 24-26, has sustained some alterations. Windows are 2/2, double hung. Each unit has a two-story brick ell to the rear. The building is set back about four feet from the street, and is fronted by a smal1 amount of grass.

Original granite curbing and steps remain on the property. The pressed brick main (north) facade, eight bays wide, features four entrances delineated by segmental-arched door hoods supported on corbelled brick piers. A broad lintel unites each pair. Two-story polygonal bays with segmental-arched windows, granite sills, and corbelled string courses flank each entryway. The segmental arches are repeated in the double-window, gable-roofed dormers projecting from the mansard roof. The paired panelled wood front doors of 28-30 Summer Street are original. At 24-26, modern door hoods echoing the original segmental arches were added ca. 1970. The main facade displays a considerable amount of the intricate brickwork that characterized the Panel Brick style at the height of its popularity in the .

Prominent decorative details include dentilated window heads, string courses, and cornices, all executed in brick. Chimneys are of corbelled brick. The mansard roof is continuous around the west side of 30 Summer Street. However, it ends abruptly at the east end of 24 Summer Street. This may indicate that other houses were originally planned to extend to the east, but were never executed. While brick is used throughout the building's exterior, the quality of the brick varies from the structure's front facade and the less visible areas to the side and rear. The smooth, fine brick and narrow mortar joints of the Summer Street facade contrast with the rougher brick and thicker joints of the sides and rear. The two-story rear ells of 28-30 Summer Street, seven bays deep, each retain a gabled roof, with an asymmetrically placed, segmental-arched doorway on both first and second story.

A single, segmental-arched window with granite sill is located high within the gable of each ell. The 24-26 Summer Street ells have been altered, andnow have flat roofs supporting flat-roofed, shallow rooftop additions. Segmental arches framing the window openings of the ells' stories remain. Continued NPS Form 10-900-a (3-82) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form Continuation sheet 24-30 Summer St., Lawrence Item number OMB No. 1024-0018 Expires 10-31-87 For NPS use only recelved date entared 7 Page The interior of 28-20 Summer Street retains original marble mantlepieces and woodwork. The general condition of both the exterior and interior of 28-30 Summer Street is good and no significant alterations have been made.

24-26 Summer Street suffered fire damage within the past ten years, however, ana vanda!ism has also taken its toll. The front entry has been altered by the addition of the wooden enclosure mentioned above. Very little interior detail has survived in these units. Exterior brick work is in need of repair and the roof has been destroyed by fire. Work is well under way by the owners of the building to rehabilitate the structure for 1ow-income housing following the Secretary of Interior's Standards.

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

Significance 24-30 Summer Street, Lawrence, Mass Period prehistoric 1400-1499 1500-1599 1600-1699 1700-1799 X 1800-1899 1900 Areas of SignificanceCheck and justify below -archeology-prehistoric -& communityplanning x archeology-historic conservation - agriculture economics - architecture education _ art engineering commerce exploration/settlement communications industry invention landscape architecture law literature military music philosophy politics/government Specific dates 1877-1878 Statement of Significance

Statement of significance

(in one paragraph) Builder/Architect Unknown The four-unit rowhouse at 24-30 Summer Street, Lawrence, retains integrity of location, design, setting, materials, and workmanship. Historically, the building holds associations with the path of industrialization in late 19th century Lawrence, as it changed from corporate paternalism to laissez-faire capitalism. Architecturally, the building is significant as an example of a short-lived Lawrence housing form, the rowhouse, and as the only surviving example of the fully developed Panel Brick style in rowhouse form in the The building thus fulfills Criteria A and C of the National Register of Historic Places.

Early records of the Essex Company, Lawrence's founding industry, indicate that the Summer Street neighborhood was originally planned as an extension the company-built Mechanics Block (NR 1978).* Indeed, "Mechanics Block" housing had already been built in the 1850s adjacent to Summer Street, along and Union Streets. However, the decision of the Essex Company to divest itself of the Lawrence Machine Shop (for whose workers the Mechanics Block was constructed) in 1852 and the further decision to curtail corporate residential construction in the face of economic pressures resulted in an abrupt end to further Mechanics Block construction. The 24-30 Summer Street land parcels were first offered by private sale in the late 1850s, though not sold by the Essex Company until 1867. Restrictions placed on the property by the company specified that brick rowhouses be built on the lots.

Construction began in 1877. The two owners at the time, Joseph E. Buswell (not a resident of Lawrence) and Dr. E. S. Yates (a prominent physician and surgeon in the city), cooperated to construct these multifamily structures. The nominated properties were probably built as private boardinghouses. Lawrence's List of Polls for the late 19th century indicates that early tenants were middle class families living in flats, while the properties remained absentee-investor owned. As the Summer Street neighborhood became increasingly dense, poll listings from the 1890s indicate that it gradually became more common for families to take in unrelated boarders, perhaps making use of space in each unit's third-floor mansarded attic. The 20th century brought dramatic changes to the neighborhood, and 24-30 Summer Street exemplifies these changes. First, the economic status of the population declined.

This is evidenced not only by the increasing presence of boarders, but also by the shifting occupation patterns of tenants. In the late 19th century, tenants were most often from the management level of textile and paper corporations. They might also be employed in the retail Continued religion science sculpture social/ humanitarian theater transportation other (specify) 9.

The rest of the file

Bibliography, boundary description, and the people who prepared and reviewed the nomination.

Major Bibliographical References Atlases, City of Lawrence, 1875, 1896, 1912 Deeds Essex County Registry of Deeds, Salem, Mass. Book 732 folio 239 and North Essex Registry Essex Company, Manuscript records at the museum of American Textile History list of polls 1880-1930 at the Lawrence Public Library. Valuation lists City of Lawrence 10. Geographical Data wadsworth, H.A. History of Lawrence, Lawrence; HammonReed, 1880. Acreage of nominated property i acre Quadrangle name_Lawrence UT M References A L119| |3|2|3|5|618| Zone Easting L417/310/61810 Northing CULLILL Quadrangle scale 1:25,000 GLULLILLLILILLL BLJ Zone DLL LILL Easting Northing LLILu LLILL LLLLL HLU LLd LilLu Verbal boundary description and justification The boundaries of 24-30 Summer Street are the original property lines as first conveyed by the Essex company in 1867.

Complete description at the Essex Registry of Deeds, Salem, Book 732, folio 239 and Book 733, folio 16. List all states and counties for properties overlapping state or county boundaries state N/A code county code state code county code 11. Form Prepared By name/title Clarisse A. Poirier, Preservation Planner with Betsy Friedberg, Mass. Historical commission, Preservation Planner organization Massachusetts Historical Commission date January 28, 1985 street & number 80 Boylston Street, Room 310 telephone (617) 727-8470 city or town Boston state Mass 12.

State Historic Preservation Officer Certification The evaluated significance of this property within the state is: national state _ local As the designated State Historic Preservation Officer for the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89- 665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the criteria and procedures set forth by the National Park Service. State Historic Preservation Orticer signature Valeuie A.

Lalmage Executive Director title State Historic Preservation Officer date Oct.23,1985 For NPS use only I hereby certify that this property is included in the National Register MelmeByar Entered Nationa Legister date 12-5-85 fitisapor ol the Mational Hisalbior Attest: date Chief of Registration GPO 911-399 NPS Form 10-900-a (3-82) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form OMB No. 1024-0018 Expires 10-31-87 For NPS use only received date entered Continuation sheet 24-30 Summer St., Lawrence Item number 8 Page 1 trade or the minor professions. By the twentieth century, however, nearly all tenants were factory operatives, workers from the lower echelons of the industrial ladder.

Lawrence's middle class had moved away from the city's center to new residential developments north of the Spicket River and south of the Merrimack River, and they now commuted to the factories on the city's new electric trolley lines. In the early 20th century, the ethnic makeup of the neighborhood shifted in a very startling manner as well. While the economic status of 24-30 Summer Street tenants had decreased, their ethnic composition remained surprisingly Al1 tenants were native-born or "Old Immigrant" (English or German), despite the fact that "New Immigrant" Italians had already moved into the neighborhood. By 1913, however, the year following the Great Lawrence Strike, all 24-30 Summer Street tenants were Italians. Apparently an "ethnic flight" had occurred in the face of the violence and bigotry bred by the Lawrence job action.

It should be noted that perhaps the most dramatic event of the seath or ana Lo Tezzie, 1 G strike, the death of Anna Lo Pezzi, a young Italian striker, as a result of a stray militiaman's bullet, happened only a hundred feet or so from 24-30 Summer Street. The construction of 24-30 Summer Street represents a narrow time-frame in housing stock construction in Lawrence. That time frame is the period between, on the one hand, the optimism of the Essex Company's corporate dream of governing the socioeconomic pattern of Lawrence's development and, on the other hana, the dissolution of corporate control and the reconstruction of Lawrence in response to new socioeconomic influences.

According to the corporate scheme, 24-30 Summer Street would be neatly set back, similar to brick dwellings such as those of Boston's Back Bay, and tenanted by stable middle-class families living two families to each rowhouse. Within 15 years of their construction, these same families had opted for single- and double-family homes further removed from the downtown. Very few such mul ti family dwellings remain in Lawrence, and the survival of 24-30 Summer Street is of great significance in understanding the shift of Lawrence from a ting the sirt of Lamence From a company town to an industrial, immigrant city. In addition to its significance historically in the development of Lawrence's housing stock, the structure at 24-30 Summer Street is architecturally significant as the only surviving rowhouse example of the fully develoned Panel Brick style in Lawrence.

The architect of the structure is unknown. The rowhouse form, whether in Panel Brick or other more vernacular expressions, was briefly popular in Lawrence, built by Lawrence industrialists to house its labor force or, in the case of the nominated property, specified Continued NPS Form 10-900-a (3-82) OMB No. 1024-0018 Expires 10-31-87 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination Form For NPS use only received date entered Continuation sheet 24-30 Summer St., Lawrence Item number 8 Page 2 by those industrialists even when the building was not directly the product of a corporate development scheme. As the 19th century came to a close and the a doeens cieens intarene, tne brice rosouse nos a hore i cs for middle-class citizens. of domestic architecture. * see Memo of Agreement, August 2 %extile History.

1849, Essex Company Records, Box 113, folder 113.20, Museum of American Continued NPSForm10-900-a (3-82) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form Continuation sheet 24-30 Summer St., Lawrence Item number ARCHAEOLOGY 8 While the rowhouse at 24-30 Summer Street occupies most of its 1/4-acre lot, the site retains a possibility of historic archaeological remains--namely, 19th century occupation-related features that hold the potential to help document social/cultural patterns. OMB No. 1024-0018 Expires 10-31-87 For NPS use only received dale enterec Page 2,604 sg. P1. 2,511 (50'WIDE) 12.800-028 4,186 ag. 11 STREET 1,650 r1) 9300 93.00 3,6° 2,046 aq. r. 49 2,046 sg. PL. 2040..m. 2,04% .. m 3,16° r.m. 9300 92.33 3,150 m. NEWBURY 2,026

2,026 2,03/ P1 2.03/ 3e.P2 5,170 » A 92.35 LEGENO MUMDERS. 34.00 3500 35.00 64 "62 s034 9300 3,720 M. s8ed 018 93255sc72 3,255sg/t 5,580 xeR 3,720m/1 3255 g1. 07.00' 14.30 0E 29.00 3500 60 od 4000' 35.00 _ 3200 3300 35 00' 2900 $ 3900 35.00 5000 3600 40.00 2800 46. 00 2.504 9 ,615 g.r SUMMER 820 0 73 372 7.626 .. %. 3,208 s.14 4,270 3 6,138 aç. P2. 12300|2300/236603 82.00 (0 5600' 46 00' 80.00' ( 26.50 50.50 AASd $2,00 71.50 300( 3,022xg/ 8300 6,650 r 59 8,277 ap. P1. 3-30 3200 Ti90 *, 00(. ORCHARD STREET 1846 1,922 Laso 1,060 /2960 120c0 mnen b 12000 2500 4000 12000M7 37 1 47 O/l-IRGO 3,720 Be6O 19G 3,720 mg /1 V.BGO 102 sg.11.8g./2 3,720 Pr 1 2200 290700 18 - 123 GARDEN 4,122 sg. rz. 837 2g. f1 3.720 se 6,200 sa t1. 9300 92.00 65 5,152 se. 34 001 WIDE) 8225 3,1/45 se.m. 2,026 M 2,026 sg. m. 2,026 a0.

P2 2,026 ag rr 2,026 +a/ 3,147 rt STREET (50' WIDE) SCALE OF ACRAL PHOTOGRAPI COMPLETION Can (50'WIDE) STREET UNION ME 200 FOOT CPEO BASED ON MASSACHUSETTS COORDINATE SYSTEM - MAIML AMD 200 STREET 75.00 47:42 63.20 3.15 s.m. 3 122 5,175 1S00 123 5,175 5,175 Pr. 125 5,175 ,e PL B7 5500 126 3,942 87 s8 *. \104 104.642 84 PL 2499. (50'WIDE) 24987 I20 52,900 223.94 24-30 Summer Street Lawrence, MA 01841 Assessor's Map Property indicated in yellow 50.00 STREET 106 2,950%g t1.9000 11. 20 107 6,304 gq 12 94 50 41 00' 11,088 sg 123.00' 8500 180.45 110 40,000 .11 109 45,903 M. 1L2e (o 85 45 6021 (0) INGZ3 40C 20' Sewer Easement K234 450d PL 135.00 100.04 12, 115 H5.c0 4,600

9,200 PL 4,600 GENERAL 48 -46 ALLEN 288.00'(8) 10032000 114 2,027 se ti s od 33 00 79-77 STREET (50'WIDE | CITY OF* MAP LAWRENCE ESSEX COUNTY. MACCACHESTTE PREPARED JAMES W. SEWALL COMPANY. OLD TOWN. MAINE 108 107 106 88 MINDG 87 86 /69 68 *623,208 Baanm SKETCH MAP 24-30 Summer Street, Lawrence, MA 01840 SUMMER StrEEt 24 NEWBUrY STrEET UNION StrEET ORCHARD STREET 24-30 Summer Street nAWrenCE, MA. SCALE 1"= 100' 85003067 WASO Form - 177 ("R" June 1984) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET Buildings at 24-30 Summer.Street Essex County MASSACHUSETTS - resubmission -nomination by person or local government -owner objection - appeal Substantive Review: -sample Reviewer's comments: -request Working No. Peot.

nog Dacs 2 15/83 1985 Date Due: 12/5/8s 2/21/8 Action: -ACCEPT 12-5-85 Entered in the _RETURN National Register _REJECT Federal Agency: _ -appeal -NR decision Recom./Criteria_ Reviewer Discipline Date _ see continuation sheet Nomination returned for: technical corrections cited below substantive reasons discussed below 1. Name 2. Location 3. Classification Category Ownership Public Acquisition 4. Owner of Property 5. Location of Legal Description 6. Representation in Existing Surveys Has this property been determined eligible? 7. Description Condition -excellent -goodp -fairR -deteriorated Druins L unexposed Lyes Check one -unaltered -altered Describe the present and original (if known) physical appearance summary paragraph completeness clarity J alterations/integrity - dates boundary selection Status Accessible Present Use Check one -original site -moved date_ 8.

Significance Period Areas of Significance-Check and justify below Specific dates Builder/Architect Statement of Significance (in one paragraph) L summary paragraph L completeness - clarity -applicable criteria -justification of areas checked -relating significance to the resource context - relationship of integrity to significance -justification of exception -other 9. Major Bibliographical References 10. Geographical Data Acreage of nominated property Quadrangle name UTM References Verbal boundary description and justification 11. Form Prepared By 12. State Historic Preservation Officer Certification The evaluated significance of this property within the state is: _national _state _local State Historic Preservation Officer signature title 13. Other date -Maps - Photographs -Other Questions concerning this nomination may be directed to _ Signed - Date . Phone:.

Comments for any item may be continued on an attached sheet GPO 918-450 Photo No. 1 of5 24-30 Summer St. Lawrence, MA 01841 1977 (Neg. Missing, Photo from contact sheet) William B. Finch CAP! Photo No. 2 of 5 24-30 Summer St. (rear, South side) Lawrence, MA 01841 February, 1984 Clarisse A. Poirier Photo No. 3 o 5 North Elevation 24-26 Summer St. Lawrence, MA 01841 February 1984 Clarisse A. Poirier Photo No. 4 of 5 North Elevation 23-30 Summer St. Lawrence, MA 01841 February 1984 Clarisse A. Poirier Photo No.5 of 5 Entry, North Elevation 28-30 Summer St. Lawrence, MA 01841 February 1984 Clarisse A. Poirier P284 880 609 TIVE LAANNY The Commonwealth of Massachusetts Office of the Secretary of State Michael Joseph Connolly, Secretary Massachusetts Historical Commission Valerie A.

Talmage Executive Director State Historic Preservation Officer October 24, 1985 Carol Shull National Register of Historic Places Department of Interior National Park Service P.O. Box 37127 Washington, DC 20013-7127 Dear Ms. Shull: Enclosed you will find the following nomination forms: Boston, Hingham, Hull, Quincy, Weymouth and Winthrop, Boston Harbor Islands Archaeological Distirct, Boston Harbor, 21 islands. Boston, Dudley Station Historic District, Washington, Warren and Dudley Streets, 40 properties. Lawrence, 34-30 Summer Street, 4 properties. HPCA pending, no number assigned. Lynn, Central Square Historic District, Central Square, Munroe, Union and Willow Streets, 15 properties. HPCAs pending: The Peavear Building, 101-127 Munroe Street, #0758-85-MA. New Bergengren Block, 1-21 Central Square, #0653-85-MA. Weymouth, John Adams School, 16 Church Street, 1 property.

Wrentham, Plimpton-Winter House, 127 South Street, 1 property. HPCA complete: #MA-85-0727. All have been voted eligible by the State Review Board and have been signed by the State Historic Preservation Officer. Owners were no- tified of pending State Review Board consideration 30-75 days before NOV 6 1985 80 Boylston Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02116 (617) 727-8470 - - the meeting and were afforded the opportunity to comment. received to date are attached to the nomination forms. Sincerely, Saran J. zimmenian Sarah J. Zimmerman Director, Preservation Planning Massachusetts Historical Commission Enclosures SJZ/dr Comments