Major Bibliographical References Bibilography (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) Previous documentation on file (NPS): Primary location of additional data: J preliminary determination of individual listing (36 X State Historic Preservation Office CFR 67) has been requested - Other State agency previously listed in the National Register LI Federal agency X previously determined eligible by the National - Local government Register HPCA #0199-81-MA-81-0210 - University ] designated a National Historic Landmark - Other J recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey Name of repository: Massachusetts Historical Commission J recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # The Arcade Name of Property 10.
Geographical Data Dukes County, M County and Stat Acreage of Property less than one acre UTM References (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet.) 1 1,9 Zone 2L1 3698,00 Easting 4590340 Northing Zone Easting A ULIN - See continuation sheet Northing Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) 11. Form Prepared By name/title Christine S.
Beard, Preservation Consultant with Betsy Friedberg, NR Director, MHC organization Massachusetts Historic Commission street & number 80 Boylston Street city or town Boston Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: state date June 1994 telephone (617) 727-8470 MA - zip code_ 02116 Continuation Sheets Maps A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. A Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Photographs Representative black and white photographs of the property. Additional items (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) Property Owner (Complete this item at the request of SHPO or FPO.) name street & number telephone city or town state .
zip code Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate roperties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obta benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et sea Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 18.1 hours per response including time for reviewin nstructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspe of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.O.
Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Projects (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503. NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Section number 8 Page - The Arcade Oak Bluffs (Dukes County) Massachusetts 8. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The Arcade Building possesses integrity of design, materials, location, setting, feeling, workmanship, and association with the establishment and development of Oak Bluffs as a popular The property also attains significance as one of only two remaining examples of major works of architect/inventor Samuel Pratt who designed Union Chapel (NR 1990), Sea View Hotel (no longer extant), and many cottages in Oak Bluffs.
is an excellent example of Victorian Gothic architecture, preserving all major elements of its original design, including the tiered porch with ornately carved balustrades, highly decorated window pediments, carved vergeboards, and scroll brackets. The building is of local significance and meets Criteria A and C for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. Prior to 1866 the area now called Oak Bluffs was largely undeveloped with the exception of the famed Methodist meeting camp at Wesleyan Grove that had been established in 1835. -By the 1860s the meeting camp was attracting large numbers of middle class visitors from Boston approximately 600 tent and cottage lots were being leased in the Methodist compound.
an effort to profit from the success at Wesleyan Grove by creating a secular resort community, a small development company, the Oak Bluff Land & Wharf Company, was established in 1866. The Land & Wharf Company, a partnership of four local men and two off- islanders, purchased a 75 acre parcel adjoining the Methodist camp in that same year. The islanders involved with the enterprise included two former mariners, Capt. Shubael Norton and Capt. Ira Darrow, and Capt. Grafton Norton Collins and William Bradley, members of prominent isdan shubdel Niston families associated with the whaling industry. The two partners from off island were William S. Hills, a Boston merchant, and Hon. Erastus P. Carpenter of Foxboro who was a savvy entrepreneur believed to have been responsible for many of the business dealings of the Land & Wharf Company.
Previously, Shubael Norton enjoyed a successful career on the Far Eastern trade routes. He settled on Martha's Vineyard in Eastville on land his father had acquired from the estate of William Butler. As the Methodist camp meeting was growing in popularity, Norton went into partnership with Ira Darrow and built bath houses on his property at the bluff that had become so popular with visitors of Wesleyan Grove. It was Norton's 75 acres that were eventually purchased by the Land & Wharf Company. The Land & Wharf Company constructed a small wharf into Nantucket Sound (1867) which facilitated access to the area and designed a commercial land development scheme which included subdividing their land into one thousand house lots. Boston landscape designer Robert (continued) NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval No.
1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number - Page The Arcade Oak Bluffs (Dukes County) Massachusetts Morris Copeland was hired to design the street and lot plan for the new community. Copeland was most well-known for his design of rural cemeteries in partnership with H. W. S. Cleveland in the 1850s; work included cemeteries at Concord, Waltham, and Gloucester. Copeland's 1866 design for Oak Bluffs was one of the earliest (some historians argue it was the first) layout of a residential community ever built in the United States.
Important features of Copeland's design include an irregular pattern of curved streets and a number of parks, the largest of which was a seven acre open green known as Ocean Park, which provided relief from the otherwise monotonous repetition of the small house lots. Ocean Park remains the most distinctive landscape feature in Oak Bluffs (known as Cottage City until 1907). The street plan, which was amended twice (1870 and 1871) to incorporate an additional 45 acre purchase, takes its form from the Methodist camp meeting by using curvilinear streets to break up the grid pattern. With the formation of the Land & Wharf Company came growing concerns from the Methodists that the serenity and purpose of the camp would be compromised by secular activity at such close proximity.
Early on they threatened to move the camp but were appeased by the Land & Wharf Company who agreed to include deed restrictions (some of which are carried on today) on the house lots they sold. Lots were to be used for dwelling houses for families only, the grantor had the right of refusal on resale, no liquor could be made or sold, and no gambling, manufacturing or trading was permitted. In addition, the sanctity of the Sabbath was preserved by forbidding steamers to dock at the wharf or restaurants to open on Sundays. In the first two years of operation, house lots were very slow to Only five cottages were in place in 1867. there were 12 cottages and 30 tents occupied. Construction took off in 1869 with 60 cottages built that year.
In the mid-1860s the one and one-half story Victorian Gothic cottages built by the Methodists at the campground were becoming a popular residential building type. Cottages built in Oak Bluffs were predominantly of this type. By 1870 the Land & Wharf Company had gained sufficient confidence in the success of their venture to begin construction of a number of buildings. The first major structure built by the Land & Wharf Company was the Arcade Building (1871). Here they established their office from which they directed development of the resort. The central open arcade provided access to the campground from the heart of Oak Bluffs' commercial area.
The Arcade was designed by Boston architect/inventor Samuel Pratt (1824-1920) who was also responsible for many of the cottages in Oak Bluffs, a band pavilion, bath houses, the Pagoda (a refreshment stand), and two other major structures in town, Union Chapel (NR 1990) and the Sea View Hotel (no longer extant) . Between 1870 and 1872 approximately 12 to 18 of the cottages were designed by Pratt, including that of Massachusetts governor (continued) NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number - Page - The Arcade Oak Bluffs (Dukes County) Massachusetts William A. Claflin. Pratt had an earlier career as an inventor of metallic objects before taking architecture.
His architectural career seems to have been short-lived with the bulk of his work being in Oak Bluffs. .It has been noted that "Pratt's contribution to Oak Bluffs was that of a dynamic and festive architectural style" influenced by French revivalistic sentiment and the Stick Style designs of Richard Morris Hunt (Ellen Weiss, City in the Woods: Life and Design of an American Camp Meeting on Martha's Vineyard, p. Prior to 1870 Pratt worked for a year in partnership with John Stevens out of Boston. In addition to his work at Oak Bluffs, Pratt was the designer of his own house in Newport (1872), and two hotels: Katama on Martha's Vineyard (1872, never constructed), Dering Harbor on Shelter Island, New York (1872, demolished 1910). It was Pratt's inventing that ultimately brought him fame and fortune in the manner sewing machine patent.
He lived out his life in leisure as a gentleman of Newport's elite yachting community. As early as the mid-1870s the Oak Bluffs Land & Wharf Company was experiencing financial difficulties. In the late 1870s they sold the Sea View Hotel, the wharf, plank walk and bath houses to Mr. Holder Brownell in order to settle some of their accumulating debts. Land & Wharf Company eventually folded in 1882 after auctioning or selling their remaining real estate. In 1879 Shubael Norton, who had mortgaged his farm in a final effort to save the Land & Wharf Company, bought out his partners' interests in the Arcade Building. That same year he sold half the interest in the property to Francis C. Smith about whom little is known. Smith's half interest transferred hands in 1888 and again in 1919. In 1922 it was purchased by William H.
Shubael Norton retained the other half interest until his death in 1900. His heirs eventually also sold to Pearson in 1922. The Arcade was the earliest building in what was to become the commercial center for Oak Bluffs. Today it remains the most prominent structure on Circuit Avenue and an important focal point. It appears that the building was designed with retail spaces on the first floor and offices above. In addition to housing the Land & Wharf Company offices, Post Office was located here and remained until at least 1911 (some say as late as 1920). Lace ne 1324. or most o7ei life. By 1879 the For most of that time the Post Office occupied the northern commercial space and run by postmaster Charles L. Scranton. In the 19th and early 20th centuries a variety of businessmen and professionals leased space at the Arcade, including Zenas Linton's variety store , A. G.
Rosa (boot & shoe maker), Dr. Charles F. Lane, real estate and insurance agent Edmund G. Eldridge, Hakar Brothers (Boston) Fancy Goods, James Queen's ice cream and confectionery, jeweler S. E. Bryant, Jr., Frank J. Perry's cigar store, Maine Ice Cream Company, and Dr. Samuel T. Davis. (continued) NPS Form 10-900-a (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet The Arcade Oak Bluffs (Dukes County) Massachusetts OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 Section number 8, 9, 10Page 4, 1, 1 The building continued to function as offices and commercial space into the mid-twentieth century when residential use was introduced as well. As late as 1980 the upper floors were occupied by an apartment (second floor) and small boarding rooms (third floor); commercial use remained at the lower level.
The 1981 rehabilitation to the building retained commercial use at the first floor and created two apartments at the second floor and one at the third floor. These uses continue today. (end) 9. MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES Dukes County Registry of Deeds Historic Maps & Atlases (1884, 1887, 1892, 1898, 1904) Massachusetts Historical Commission. "Inventory of Historic & Archaeological Assets of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts: Oak Bluffs", August 1978 Stoddard, Chris. A Centennial History of Cottage City (Oak Bluffs, Bluffs Historical Commission, 1980). Town Directories (various years) Weiss, Ellen. City in the Woods: The Life and Design of an American Camp Meeting on Martha's Vineyard (New York: 1987). Oxford Press, Inc. (end) 10. GEOGRAPHICAL DATA Verbal Boundary Description See enclosed town of Oak Bluffs Assessors Map #8, lot 271.
Verbal Boundary Justification The nominated property includes the entire parcel historically associated with The Arcade. (end) (1D) 17A PLYMOUTH / PARK le20m% BLUERS T4OS DRIVE 1205 12g TOR ELUFFS zDs 2.2 A WASHINGTON PARK LECS CHOP LAKE 2305 1255 ANTHONY (TIDAL) SATBLUFES .SHINGTON PARK 1.9A EAST T0.02 37 TOWN LAKE TOWN OF DAR BLUFFS 12 6 TOWH AVENUE SUNSET 173.33 (3.0A) LAKE 1.09 A AVENUE XOMMONWEAL TH SQUARE 00.52 AVENUE ÇOUNTY WAY DUKES COUNTY COMMONWEALTH wTUl ALLEN :KET PAWTÜCKET AVENUE AVENUE FOURTH TRINITY PARK BLUFFS ETTS NORTH TOWN OF OAK BLUFFS 184000E OAK BLUFES TOWN 2050 AK BLUFF 1513 120% 2013 RUSTIC ROCK PARK AVENUE AVENUE AVENUE MONTGOMERY AVE CIRCUIT 166,000 Mup. Fiovises TO Jenuarp i,:95_ CIRCUIT AVF EXTENSION TOmN SACO AVE THE ARCADE 134 CIRCUIT AVENUE OAK BLUFFS ABSESSORS NAY #8, SOT 2UJETTS SCALE: 1" = 175' REVISED: JAN.
1, 1992 184.000 E UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET REQUESTED ACTION: NOMINATION PROPERTY Arcade, The NAME: MULTIPLE NAME: STATE & COUNTY: MASSACHUSETTS, Dukes DATE RECEIVED: 7/05/94 DATE OF 16TH DAY: 8/5/94 DATE OF PENDING LIST: ATE OF 45TH DAY: DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: 1120/74 REFERENCE NUMBER: 94000813 7/20/914 8/19/94 NOMINATOR: STATE REASONS FOR REVIEW: APPEAL: N OTHER: N PDIL: REQUEST: N SAMPLE: COMMENT WAIVER: N VACCEPT RETURN DATA PROBLEM: N LANDSCAPE: N LESS THAN 50 YEARS: N N PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: SLR DRAFT: N NATIONAL: N N N REJECT 8/5/94 Entered in the DA National Register ABSTRACT/ SUMMARY COMMENTS: RECOM.
/ CRITERIA REVIEWER DISCIPLINE - DATE - DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLR Y/N CLASSIFICATION count _resource type STATE/FEDERAL AGENCY CERTIFICATION FUNCTION historic current DESCRIPTION architectural classification materials descriptive text SIGNIFICANCE Period Areas of Significance--Check and justify below Specific dates Builder/Architect Statement of Significance (in one paragraph) summary paragraph completeness clarity applicable criteria justification of areas checked relating significance to the resource context relationship of integrity to significance justification of exception BIBLIOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHICAL DATA acreage verbal boundary descriptior -UTMS oundary Justificatior ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTATION/PRESENTATION sketch maps USGS maps photographs OTHER COMMENTS Questions concerning this nomination may be directed to Phone presentation Signed Date xnjepoy N N N The Arcade 134 Circuit Avenul OaKBUffS, MA Vie: Looking northwest at facade (east) elevation Photo: lof2 Photographer: Christine Beard Negative: Christines.
Beard Asso. Topsfield, HA 1112 PARKING Kodalux easing Service N Kodalux roceneing Servicl N odalu The Arcade 134 Circuit Avenue Oak BluffsIMA View: Looking nortneast.at rear(west) elevation Pnoto: 20f2 Negatiue: Christine S.Beard Asson., Topafield, MA Neboaraoner: Christine S. Beard N June 28, 1994 COMMISSIOT» LACIUAM * Comnenitalit o e RECEIVED 413 Carol Shull National Register of Historic Places Department of the Interior National Park Service JUL 5 1994 INTERAGENCY RESOURCES DIVISION NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Washington, DC 20013-7127 Dear Ms. Shull: Enclosed please find the following nomination form: The Arcade, 134 Circuit Avenue, Oak Bluffs (Dukes County), Massachusetts, 02557. The nomination has been voted eligible by the State Review Board and has been signed by the State Historic Preservation Officer.
Owners were notified of pending State Review Board consideration 30-75 days before the meeting and were afforded the opportunity to comment. Sincerely, getey Betsy Friedberg Tuedery National Register Director Massachusetts Historical Commission enclosure CC: Donald Corner & Jenny Young Laurence E. Hardoon & Patricia M. Quinn Christine S. Beard, Preservation Consultant Ross Duncan, Chair., Oak Bluffs Historical Commission Alan Schwelkert, Chair., Board of Selectmen Mable McCarthy, Oak Bluffs Public Library Massachusetts Historical Commission, Judith B. McDonough, Executive Director, State Historic Preservation Officer 80 Boylston Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02116-4802 (617) 727-8470 Fax: (617) 727-5128 TDD: 1-800-392-6090 Office of the Secretary of State, Michael J. Connolly, Secretary