Nomination for Hotel Statler

From the form

The catalogue entry the section above was filed under.

NPS Form 10-900 (Oct. 1990) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places IAL. REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES This form is for use in nominatingor requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in How to Complete the by entering the information requested. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property historic name Statler Office Tower other names/site number 2.

Location 1127 Euclid Avenue N/A - not for publication street & number_ N/A O vicinity city or town - State ,zip code 3. State/Federal Agency Certification s the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this nominatior -nationally - stetewide X locally. ( See continuation sheet for additional comments.) Signature of certifying official/Title Ohio Historic Preservation Office -- OH SHPO State of Federal agency and bureau 4. National Park Service Certification M entered in the National Register. - See continuation sheet. - determined not eligible for the - removed from the National - other, (explain:) 2-17-98 comments.) county Date Cuyahoga Register.

Cleveland Registration Form National Register Hotel Statler PECC BY OHP J request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property 1X meets does not meet the National Register criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant In my opinion, the property meets does not meet the National Register criteria. ([] See continuation sheet for additional I hereby certity that the property is: 44114 1998 Cuyahoga Co., OH Name of Property County and State 5. Classification J building(s) - public-local - district - public-State - site - public-Federal - structure -object Name of related multiple property listing 6. Function or Use 7.

Description foundation _ Flat, Membrane (Describe the historic and current condition of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) Noncontributing Hotel Business Concrete Commerce/Trade: Total Domestic: walls other Revival style roof Architectural Classification Materials Number of contributing resources previously listed Narrative Description Current Functions Brick Stone, Category of Property Ownership of Property (Enter categories from instructions) in the National Register (Check as many boxes as apply) (Check only one box) lumber of Resources within Propert Do not include previously listed resources in the count private Historic Functions Terra Cotta Hotel_Statler United States Department of the Interlor Hotel Statler, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio Exterior (photos 1-8) The Hotel Statler, known today as the Statler Office Tower, is a steel frame building with a masonry exterior composed of granite, limestone, wire-cut brick, and terra cotta.

The original downward, to the north, so that the Euclid Avenue elevation is about ten feet above the district, to the west around East Ninth Street, and Playhouse Square, the historic theater of historic properties, new buildings, and older structures with new facades, most of them of a and a little east of the hotel; the Lindner Building at 1331Euclid (NR 1978); the Playhouse Square District (early 1920s, NR 1978), east of East 13th Street; and the Cleveland Trust from the hotel and west of the Halle Building is the Cleveland Athletic Club (1911), which is A 1916 addition on the hotel's west side (photos 5-7) included the Stillman Theater, 300 new typical of nearly all public, institutional, and commercial buildings of the early 20th century, National Register of Historic Places different window spacing and second-floor steel windows clearly distinguished it as an guest rooms, and additional commercial space along Euclid Avenue.

This addition was The Hotel Statler has 14 stories, including the rooftop penthouse, plus a mezzanine (photos Company building (1908, NR 1973)) at the southeast corner of Euclid and East Ninth. Across not yet listed in the National Register. Continuation Sheet near the hotel are listed in the National Register, including the Union Club (1905, NR 1974), the east (East 12th Street) elevation. Its exterior design employed the tripartite composition elevation of the alley at the rear of the building. addition. It had an irregular plan, with the bulk of the theater set well back from Euclid Avenue and East 12th Street on a lot measuring approximately 100 by 350feet.The lot slopes approximately 67 feet wide at the street.Its facade was executed in identical materials and Avenue, concealed from view by other buildings just west of the hotel. 1-4).

The building measures 13 bays on the south (Euclid Avenue) elevation and 23 bays on The Statler is located in the densely-developed portion of Euclid Avenue between the financial portion of the hotel, which was completed in 1912, was built at the northwest corner of Euclid National Park Service substantial size and scale that give Euclid Avenue a lively urban character.Several buildings was designed to match the original hotel in colors, textures, and design details, but its across East 12th Street from the Statler; the Halle Building (1910, NR 1983),across Euclid district a few blocks to the east.The hotel is part of a nearly continuous streetscape consisting Section number - Page - Hotel Statler, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio light grey granite water table rises about two feet from grade along Euclid Avenue; this the windows.

The limestone terminates at the sills of the third-floor windows, and between no other variation in relief, and there are no ornamental elements. Window openings have plain limestone sills, and lintels are simple brick soldier courses. metal cornice, form the "capital" of the building's composition. The upper two floors are terminates above the 13th floor in a broad projecting cornice formed of sheet copper. Above the cornice, set back from the roof's edge, the 14th floor (called the 15th) is a single-story The east and south elevations ofthe Hotel Statler are theprimary elevations and received most simple eight-over-eight double-hung sash and contrast strongly with window treatment windows are set into four of the building's bays; these provided natural light for bathrooms.

Continuation Sheet National Register of Historic Places lower floors, the use of round-arched and circular window openings, and the pronounced floors, above the water table, are faced in a fine-grained warm grey rusticated limestone, wire-cut brick surfaces have raked joints, giving the wall surface a distinct texture, but there is The 12th and 13th floors (the latter is called the 14th), together with the formed copper sheet elsewhere in the building. On floors three through 12, narrow one-over-one double-hung National Park Service faced in a white terra cotta. Its lower edge forms an intermediate projecting cornice, with a these windows, along the upper edge of the limestone, a white terra cotta frieze band extends The third through the 11th floors form the "shaft," which is utterly plain.

The dark maroon while the second floor is faced in smooth limestone with rectangular brick panels set between Renaissance Revival style, the hallmarks of which were especially apparent in the rusticated of the architectural treatment. The plain, squat, rectangular windows in the brick "shaft" have projecting cornice on the top floor. In the Hotel Statler's design, the"base"is composed of three different masonry materials.A across both the south and the east elevations of the building. frieze band below it that is placed between the heads of the 11th floor windows.The building Unlted States Department of the Interior Section number - Page 2 penthouse with a plain stuccoed finish and contemporary replacement windows.

increases to approximately 12 feet at the building's northeast corner.The first and mezzanine in which an ornamental "base,"a plain"shaft,"and an ornamental"capital" corresponded to Hotel Statler, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio Section number _ On the first, mezzanine, and second floors, the east elevation is dominated by ten large round-arched windows which light both the first floor and the mezzanine; five are placed to the south of the central entrance and five to the north. The windows are composed of metal framing and wood sash. The lower portion of each window lights the first-floor lobby and the marquee and at the northeast corner of the building over a ground-level secondary door.

At windows are wood eight-over-eight double-hung sash as on the floors above, but they are set The marquee on this elevation covers three bays of the building and is suspended from four steel suspenders tied back into the building's steel structure. The marquee has been covered of a continuous balcony and its supporting brackets, which covered 21 of the 23 bays of this elevation at the second floor level; and removal of three smaller balconies on the 12th floor, which were located at the three sets of paired windows in the center of this elevation. The south elevation has been more extensively altered but still retains a high degree of integrity. The 1912 hotel's original seven-bay elevation had three large arches identical to those on the east elevation.

Flanking these were four rectangular fixed windows identical to light for the Ladies' Parlor and the Formal Dining Room, while the easternmost opening was placed beneath a marquee similar to that on the east elevation. As on the east elevation, a bracket-supported balcony with iron rail extended across the middle five bays at the second floor, and three individual balconies at the 12th floor projected from the second, fourth, and sixth bays. Page National Register of Historic Places former Grill Room and the Club Lounge, while the upper arched portion lights the mezzanine. windows are set within recessed openings in the rusticated limestone. Other mezzanine within framed openings within the stone surface and have projecting stone hoodmolds. windows, which are rectangular and are of the casement type, are placed over the entrance contained the hotel's main entrance.

The entrance originally had paired revolving doors and The upper and lower portions of the windows are separated by paneled transoms, and the above it at the mezzanine level.The two westernmost arches contained windows providing Continuation Sheet with contemporary materials; it is not currently known when this work was done or whether National Park Service any historic fabric survives underneath.Other alterations to the east elevation include removal the southeast corner is a fixed display window surmounted by a circular wood window at the mezzanine level.Both are set within simple stone framing elements.

At the second floor, the the one at the east elevation's southeast corner;each of these windows had a circular window United States Department of the Interlor Hotel Statler, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio To the west, the 1916 theater/hotel addition was designed to be compatible with the original building but had some notable design differences. On the first floor, the elevation was divided opening were two commercial storefronts, while the western opening was the entrance to the Stillman Theater. Above the storefronts and the theater entrance, at the mezzanine level, there was a continuous row of vertically-proportioned steel sash windows, surmounted by a frieze and an intermediate cornice located somewhat below the adjacent cornice on the original design with two-light transoms; these have survived intact.

Above the second floor, the guest room windows are more closely spaced than those in the original hotel but otherwise are resulted in both interior and exterior alterations, though there is no clear record of when all the changes were made. On the exterior, the east elevation was altered the least. The balconies were removed at an unknown date, and the marquee was altered by the application of new doubling their height, and new replacement windows were installed. There appear to have On the south elevation, the top floor windows were altered and the balconies removed as on and commercial storefronts were constructed in their place. The use of compatible stone and the effort to duplicate the rustication of the stone indicate that this may have been part of the 1937 work.

More recently, the storefronts in the eastern part of the 1916 addition received alterations; the western one is built entirely of glass and aluminum; the eastern storefront, which houses the H.W. Beattie & Sons jewelry store, is largely original except for the main The most extensive alteration to the south elevation came in the 1960s, when the Stillman structurally separate from the hotel and stands on a separate land parcel -- see the Verbal excluded from this nomination.) All traces of the theater, which was reached by a long lobby entrance. identical, and the terra cotta treatment and copper cornice match those of the original building. Continuation Sheet Boundary Description and Justification. The garage is non-contributing and is specifically National Register of Historic Places Theater was demolished and replaced by a concrete parking garage.(The garage is building.

Above the addition's cornice were seven metal windows, in a paired multiple-pane into two large openings, the eastern one several feet wider than the western. In the eastern The hotel underwent major rehabilitations in 1937, in the mid-1960s, and again in the late the east elevation.On the first floor, the two western arched window openings were infilled surface materials. On the top floor, the original short paired windows were enlarged, roughly 1970s when the upper floors were converted entirely to office use.These rehabilitations Section number 7 been few other major changes on this elevation.

National Park Service Page 4 United States Department of the Interlor United States Department of the Interlor Hotel Statler, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio from the Euclid Avenue entrance, were removed, with the exception of the entry lobby's west and second floor levels, original windows remain in place except for those over the garage the original construction, housing a delivery door in the open area at basement level and parts simple white terra cotta with low relief and minimal ornamentation. Eric Johannesen's 1979 book Cleveland Architecture, 1876-1976 contains reduced plans of the of the E contained a small light court, a plan which permitted natural light to reach the greatest tion of the garage. The portion of the 1916 addition containing the hotel rooms still stands and still blocks the west side of the south light court. along the building's east side. Architect George B.

Post made the best of this situation and created a plan in which the lobby benefited from abundant natural light, with all the major facades, were much more plainly finished than the south and east elevations; they were Interior (photos 9-46) Continuation Sheet On the hotel's north elevation is a small two-story wing at the northeast corner. It was part of National Register of Historic Places the cars using the concrete ramp into and out of the garage. The former theater's street possible number of rooms. At the bottoms of the main light courts, on top of the second floor The rest of the north elevation and the entire west elevation, since they were non-principal had an E-shaped plan that opened to the west, with two large light courts; the large middle leg level.The wing was finished in the same limestone used elsewhere at this level.

level, skylights admitted natural light into the Main Dining Room and the Banquet Hall. The 1916 addition closed off both light wells on the west, though the small central well and the of the Club Lounge and the Large Private Dining Room on the first floor and the mezzanine surfaced in the maroon brick used elsewhere, and the two top floors were done in a very National Park Service entrance; these have been replaced with new aluminum windows. wall.It remains visible today (photo 8),its paired pilasters and classical frieze watching over large north well have been somewhat re-opened since demolition of the theater and construc- elevations, which required that the main lobby connecting the entrances had to be off-center first-floor spaces accessible from the lobby.

The original hotel's site constraints mandated a design with two principal entrances at different Statler which show the first floor, the mezzanine, and a typical upper floor.The original hotel Section number 7 Page 5 entrance is now simply an open bay flanked by stone pilasters (photo 5).At the mezzanine Hotel Statler, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio In the original first-floor design, the main entrance was from Euclid Avenue. The entrance corner of the building, and next to it was the Main Dining Room. Both rooms were ornately executed and were two stories in height, with a skylight over the Main Dining Room. To either side of the entrance to this room, at the lobby's west side, were the newsstand and the elevators was the East 12th Street entrance, which rose several steps from street level.

To the north of the elevator lobby past the Check Room and the Telephone Room, was the Grill Room; on its north side was the Club Lounge, and northwest of the Grill Room was the Billiard Room. The western portion of the first floor, between the Billiard Room and the Main Dining Room and behind the elevator core, was a large kitchen, with pantries, a butcher shop, serving areas, and a service corridor. main lobby and the two dining rooms. The elevator hall occupied the middle portion of the floor, and behind the elevators was the banquet pantry and service area. The northern half of the mezzanine was occupied by the Banquet Hall and its anterooms and private assembly rooms, all of which opened from an Assembly Hall leading from the elevators. The Large Private Dining Room was at the north end of this floor.

From the second floor up, the building was occupied by the original 700 guest rooms, later expanded to 1,000 after the 1916 addition was completed. The rooms, though modest by today's standards, had numerous amenities: a private bath for each; an ice water tap; and special anti-scalding plumbing for bathing. Bath fixtures were white ceramic, and bath floors were tiled. The central corridors were double-loaded and were carpeted, with stone borders Changes made in 1937 and in the mid-1960s gave the interior much of its current form (photos height; the Formal and Main Dining rooms were removed and their space was converted to commercial store space (this was when the arched windows on the exterior were converted to registration desk. storefronts).

Continuation Sheet National Register of Historic Places Section number7Page opened into the two-story lobby; to the left, the Formal Dining Room occupied the southwest 9-22). Floors were inserted at the mezzanine level, making the main lobby one story in National Park Service On the mezzanine level, much of the southern portion was occupied by the upper parts of the At the north end of the main lobby was the elevator lobby;opposite the four passenger along either side.At the north and south ends of the main corridor, the corners at the United Statos Department of the Intorior Page - secondary corridors were rounded to give the passageways a more open feel.

United States Department of the Interlor Hotel Statler, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio The main lobby otherwise retains much of its original form, with large amounts of the original spaces were reconfigured but retained their original functions. The large kitchen remains, as On the mezzanine level (photos 23-29), today's Patio Room and Terrace Room occupy what were the upper portions of the Formal and Main Dining rooms. What was the upper portion of the main lobby is now a pre-function space at the mezzanine's south end. North of the expanded when the Stillman Theater was demolished. was undertaken in the 1980s rehabilitation, but much of the original hotel character remains, enhanced by the survival of hundreds of original room doors and cast brass ornamental doorknobs. Continuation Sheet finishes on the mezzanine are contemporary and probably date from the 1960s rehabilitation.

bathrooms and linking rooms together by opening doorways between them.More of this work elevator lobby, the Parlor and the Grand Ballroom occupy the space formerly occupied by the The Grand Ballroom occupies twice the area of the former Banquet Hall, having been Assembly Hall, the Banquet Hall, and their associated anterooms and private rooms. At the National Register of Historic Places wall treatments and floor coverings are of recent date. Conversion of some lower floors to north end, the Crystal Room has replaced the former Large Private Dining Room.Details and does the Grill Room, but the Billiard Room and Club Lounge have been removed. The Grill offices occurred while the building was still a hotel; this work consisted of removal of marble wall treatment intact.

The kitchen, Grill Room, Club Lounge, and Billiard Room On the upper floors (photos 30-46), the double-loaded corridor plan remains intact, though National Park Service Room area retains ornate dark wood paneling and a large fireplace. Section number - Page 7 Cuyahoga Co., OH County and State 8. Statement of Significance

Statement of significance

Areas of Significance for National Register listing.) Other/Urban History and Development a significant contribution to the broad patterns of - B Property is associated with the lives of persons - C Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type,period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and Period of Significance distinguishable entity whose components lack D Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, Significant Dates (Mark "x" in all the boxes that apply.) 1912, 1916, 1937 Significant Person - B removed from its original location. (Complete if Criterion B is marked above) - C a birthplace or grave. - D a cemetery. -l E a reconstructed building, object, or structure. - F a commemorative property. within the past 50 years. George B.

Post, Architect Narrative Statement of Significance (Explain the significance of the property on one or more continuation sheets.) 9.

The rest of the file

Bibliography, boundary description, and the people who prepared and reviewed the nomination.

Major Bibliographical References (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form on one or more continuation sheets.) Primary location of additional data: - preliminary determination of individual listing (36 * State Historic Preservation Office CFR 67) has been requested - Other State agency - previously listed in the National Register - - Federal agency - previously determined eligible by the National - Local government - University - designated a National Historic Landmark - Other - recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey -recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # Architecture Register Bibilography 1912-1947 Architect/Builder our history. A Property is associated with events that have made Property is: individual distinction. Criteria Considerations A owned by a religious institution or used for information important in prehistory or history.

Name of repository: religious purposes. (Enter categories from instructions) Previous documentation on file (NPS): N/A Hotel Statler significant in our past. Applicable National Register Criteria Cultural Affiliation G less than 50years of age orachieved significance Name of Property (Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property Name of Property 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property Approx. 1 acre UTM References (Place additional UTM references on a continuation sheet.) - See continuation sheet Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property on a continuation sheet.) Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected on a continuation sheet.) 11. Form Prepared By Jeffrey Darbee and Nancy Recchie, Historic Preservation Consultants Benjamin D. Rickey & Co. (614) 221-0358 street & number - state - zip code.

Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: Continuation Sheets A USGS map (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. Additional items (Check with the SHPO or FPO for any additional items) Property Owner (Complete this item at the request of SHPO or FPO.) P.O. Box 429 instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.O.Box 37127,Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Projects (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503. 43206 44067 Northfield Northing organization Maps name Photographs 11/11/97 Columbus telephone Carl Milstein name/title Hotel Statler Representative black and white photographs of the property.

Cuyahoga Co., OH city or town County and State Zone Easting A Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average18.1 hours per response including time for reviewing date Zone United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Hotel Statler, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio Under Criterion C, the Hotel Statler is significant as one of downtown Cleveland's first of the early 20 century. The Statler embodied the characteristics of this type of the hotel's revenue flow. mirrored that of the rapidly industrializing nation as a whole.. 44,000. Railroads had tied Cleveland to the nation's rapidly-growing rail network and to major cities such as New York, Chicago, Cincinnati, and Pittsburgh. In addition, the city result of these transportation advantages.

Like many other northern cities, Cleveland benefited from the economic stimulus of the necessary to establish new industries that would spur the growth and prosperity of the city to develop. The city stood in the middle of and astride the natural flow of both western American cities. National Register of Historic Places Cleveland's growth and development as a major urban center with coveted industrial Register under Criteria A and C. Under Criterion A, the building is significant as a symbol Continuation Sheet Cleveland underwent enormous change during the late 19th and early 2oth centuries as it The city's emergence as a major industrial power had its roots in the 19th century.

On the The Hotel Statler (now known as the Statler Office Tower) is nominated to the National economy, dealing particularly in agricultural products, grew rapidly in Cleveland as a industrial, financial, and social infrastructure that put Cleveland in the top echelon of eve of the Civil War, Cleveland was a prosperous commercial city of approximately modern hotel buildings and as an excellent example of state-of-the-art urban hotel design in the postwar years and for decades to come. In this period, Cleveland could exploit yet Civil War.

Money made during the war years gave a number of entrepreneurs the capital emerged in the early 2oth century as a major urban center, with a population and an architecture:a classically-inspired exterior design;a commanding presence in the another of its advantages: a good location in relation to the western states as they began such as private baths; and the incorporation of leased commercial space that contributed to had access to the Ohio canal system and to Great Lakes shipping.A commerce-based history, "The decades between 1870 and 1930 were Cleveland's economic day in the sun.

and a physical manifestation of Cleveland's urban history and development.The city emerged as one of the nation's largest industrial cities.According to one Cleveland Page facilities, plentiful cheap labor, excellent shipping lanes, and a surging financial network streetscape; impressive public spaces; a large number of guest rooms with conveniences Section number 8 United States Department of the Interlor National Park Service Hotel Statler, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio raw materials to eastern manufacturing plants and of finished goods moving from the east to the growing western states and territories. As a result, the city's economic base rapidly changed from commerce to industry.

Those who established major industries in Cleveland refining), Samuel Mather and the Otis Iron and Steel Company (iron ore, iron, and steel), production, machine tool production, and the manufacture of electrical equipment also Population figures tracked Cleveland's rapid development. From 150 residents in 1820 an industrial base after the Civil War, the population rose to just over 100,000 in 1880. As industrial development continued to concentrate in the city and as foreign immigration 1920.

In these two decades Cleveland experienced a population growth rate of more than eastern Europe and the migration of native-born Americans from neighboring and While commercial and industrial expansion fueled the city's growth, civic-minded early 20th centuries saw the founding of the Western Reserve Historical Society in 1867 and the Cleveland Public Library in 1869; the move of Western Reserve College from Applied Science (now Case Western Reserve University) in 1880; the formation of the Clevelanders did not ignore the importance of establishing cultural institutions and literally thousand of medium and smaller enterprises ranging from print shops to clothing Hudson, Ohio to Cleveland and its expansion to include the newly formed Case School of Continuation Sheet and steel early on took the lead as Cleveland's most important industry in the late 19th National Register of Historic Places began in earnest, the population surged further to more than 261,000 in 1890 and nearly This growth was largely due both to foreign immigration from northern, southern and industries and commercial businesses.

planning for an attractive and well-designed central business district. The late 19th and became prominent industries. The city's industrial infrastructure was rounded out by manufacturers and machine shops. One of the most dramatic periods of growth in the city's history was between 1900 and and Henry Sherwin and Edward Williams (paint and varnish), among many others.Iron during the second half of the 19th century included John D.Rockefeller (petroleum 100% to a total of 796,841 people, making it the sixth largest city in the United States. 382,000 at the turn of the century. Page southern states who moved into the city to find jobs in its thriving and expanding and 6,071 in 1840, the city grew to 43,838 by 1860.

With the shift from a commercial to century, and by the early 2o" century oil and chemical processing, automobile and truck Section number 8 United States Department of the Interlor Cleveland Writers Club in 1886 and the Cleveland Architectural Club in 1887; the in 1918; and the Cleveland Museum of Natural History in 1920. On the city-planning front, the City Beautiful Movement, fueled by the success of the development of Cleveland. More than 20 million Americans attended the Chicago exposition, and many returned home with new ideas about urban America. In 1902, Daniel Burnham, the chief architect of the Chicago Exposition, was appointed by the Mall, which extends from the northeast corner of Public Square northward to the lakefront.

Here were constructed Cleveland's major public buildings, all arranged around Cuyahoga County Courthouse (1912), Cleveland City Hall (1916), the Civic Auditorium (1922) and the Cleveland Public Library (1925). Cleveland's Central Business District was the hub of governmental, financial, commercial, daily to transfer between streetcar lines, it became a favorite location for department stores, retail establishments, banks and other consumer-oriented businesses. location on the east bluff of the Cuyahoga River and the south shore of Lake Erie meant 19*h century, particularly along major east-west streets such as Euclid and Superior avenues; the Arcade (1890), for example, was located between Euclid and Superior some distance east of Public Square.

The development of the Group Plan helped to shift some of the focus of major downtown development from Public Square to the north and east a few blocks, and horsecar and later electric streetcar lines made it possible for the business core Continuation Sheet Cleveland. A number of cities also undertook planning projects at this time, but Cleveland and business administration activities. Public Square, which was the 19" century heart of of 1796.

The role of Public Square as an urban focal point was reinforced by the that growth had to occur primarily eastward.This had already begun to occur in the late National Register of Historic Places World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893, had a profound influence on the National Park Service Cleveland Group Plan Commission to design a grouping of public buildings for downtown the city and the center of activity, comprised ten acres and was set aside in the original plat any other American city.The implementation of the Group Plan resulted in creation of the As Cleveland grew in population, its downtown core also had to grow.The city's is widely recognized as the city that implemented its plans to a greater extent than almost Cleveland Museum of Art and the Cleveland Playhouse in 1916; the Cleveland Orchestra Hotel Statler, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., ohio a vast public space.Buildings included the U.S.Post Office and Courthouse (19i1),the Section number .

Page 10 introduction of the street railway system. As many people passed through Public Square United States Department of the Interlor Public Square Road. The area around East Ninth and Euclid became Cleveland's financial center, with East Sixth and Euclid -- they were later combined as a single structure for National City southeast corner of Euclid and East Ninth. This part of the growing downtown was given further cachet as the city's financial district when the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland its Superior Avenue headquarters was completed and west of Public Square was the warehouse district, close to river and rail transportation By 1812, for example, when Cleveland had well under 200 permanent residents, Mowrey's Tavern had been established at the southwest corner of Superior Avenue and would be built to meet the needs of visitors and residents alike.

By mid-century the Forest City House stood where Mowrey's once had, and on or near Public Square one could find stands today. Continuation Sheet National Register of Historic Places and the center of wholesaling and jobbing; public and governmental activities were As the 19th century progressed and the city's business activities grew, many more hotels establishments, restaurants, service businesses, and countless others. of downtown to continue eastward expansion and still remain within convenient range of where it crossed Euclid, Superior, and lesser streets such as Prospect Avenue and Huron Ninth Street area; and Public Square remained the city's traditional heart. Between and Thus as Cleveland grew, various activities became concentrated in certain areas.

North National Park Service among these areas and their major buildings, the fabric of the city filled in with retail Prospect, and the Eagle Tavern at St. Clair and West Ninth. creation of the Federal Reserve System and occupied rented space on Public Square until Public Square, where today's Renaissance Hotel (originally the 1918 Hotel Cleveland) Cleveland's hotels were among these enterprises and dated from the city's earliest days.

Around the turn of the century, a major node of development grew at East Ninth Street was built at East Sixth and Superior in 1923.The bank had been established in 1914upon focused on the Mall; banking and finance clustered around Euclid, Superior, and the East construction of buildings such as the Garfield (1893) and New England (1896) buildings at others such as the American House on Superior Avenue,Brown's Hotel at Ontario and Bank and remain its headquarters today--and the Cleveland Trust Company(1908) at the OW Approvel He. 1034-0018 Hotel Statler, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio Page 11 Section number -8 Hotel Statler, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio A 1942 WPA study of Cleveland hotels encompassed more than 700 pages and contained descriptions of dozens of establishments.

Most of these were small in size and limited in wealth made larger hotels both necessary and economically feasible. One of the city's best remembered, the Hollenden Hotel at Superior and East Sixth, was opened in 1885 and symbols of the cities themselves, and lack of good hotels could have an adverse impact woven into the fabric of a city's social, political, and economic life. They were where out- became a daily crossroads of all the myriad activities of urban life, a role no other building It was in this context that the Hotel Statler was built at the northwest corner of 12th Street and Euclid Avenue in 1912.

By the early 1900s, the urban core had extended The Union Club, completed in 1905 to a design by Charles Schweinfurth, stood at the northeast corner of the intersection; the Halle Brothers Company store building across Euclid was completed in 1910 and doubled in size in 1914; and, adjacent to the Halle building, the Cleveland Athletic Club was occupied in 1911. The Hotel Statler was located on the site of the ill-fated Stillman Hotel, completed in 1884 to the Statler on adjacent property in 1916. as Playhouse Square, centered on Euclid Avenue at East 14th Street. The planned entertainment district was created between 1920 and 1922 and included the State, the Ohio, the Allen, and the Hanna theaters, all built in 1921; and the Palace Theater, Continuation Sheet featured electric lighting, ornate furnishings, a fine dining room, and a large bar.

beyond East Ninth Street, and the area around Euclid and East 12" was growing rapidly. National Register of Historic Places A city's hotels were always more than just another business enterprise.They became of-towners formed some of their first impressions of a place; they were the sites of National Park Service type played in quite the same way. from the Stillman Amusement Company, which built the Stillman Theater and the addition business meetings and banquets; social and service clubs met in them. A city's hotels services.

By late in the 19th century, however, Cleveland's rapid increase in size and too far east of what was then the city's business core.The Statler was built on land leased upon a city's fortunes.Hotels were the loci of both major and minor events that were but demolished in the 1890s due to low occupancy rates resulting from the hotel's location Within only a few years a total of five more theaters were built nearby in the area known Section number - Page United States Department of the Interlor National Park Service completed the next year. Thus within a few years the Hotel Statler sat squarely in the midst of a lively and busy, though newly developed, part of downtown Cleveland The Hotel Statler was among the earliest of a series of large modern hotels built in Cleveland Plain Dealer stated "The new Hotel Statler, Cleveland's hostelry de luxe, is in full swing...

Many guests have exclaimed about its grandeur, its elegance, its excellence of the Statler Hotel chain, who built Statler Hotels in Buffalo, St. Louis, Detroit, and Boston as well as Cleveland Designed by New York architect George B. Post, the building combined impressive public spaces, creature comforts and innovative technology into an aesthetically pleasing whole.

development of the typical modern hotel plan, with its hundreds of rooms, each with bath, and a monumental suite of public rooms below -- all arranged to give the maximum exemplified in the Pontiac built in Detroit, 1911-1912, and the Statler in Cleveland, City (1889), the Wisconsin State Capitol (1904), the New York Stock Exchange (1904), under his son William, include the Wade Park Manor Hotel, the National Town & Country Club, the Chamber of Commerce Building, and several branches of the Cleveland Trust The 13-story steel frame hotel had an understated exterior design in an early 20th century tripartite form.

The two-story base, with its Italian Renaissance features of large round- arched openings and rusticated wall surfaces, was composed of terra cotta, granite, and limestone; the shaft of the building was faced with wire-cut red brick; and the top two exterior belied the ornate design of the hotel's public spaces, which were described in the "... to him should be given credit for the development of modern hotel planning, as Cleveland; Cleveland's Sinai Hospital; and the Anthony Wayne Hotel in Hamilton.

Cleveland during the early 2o" century; indeed, a publication dating from its opening Company, all in Cleveland; numerous commercial buildings and apartment houses in Continuation Sheet other architecturally significant buildings, including the Vanderbilt House in New York National Register of Historic Places completed about the same time."²Post was responsible for the design of a number of and the Cleveland Trust Company (1906-1908). Ohio projects by Post, and by the firm income through leasing of shops and concessions....In the Hotel Statler, Cleveland, the proclaimed it "the most complete hotel in the world." On October 27,1912, the Hotel Statler, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio Page Section number 8 floors crowned the composition in terra cotta, with a sheet copper cornice at the top.

The United States Department of the Interlor National Park Service Hotel Statler, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio Page overwhelmed and succumb to the intoxication of the marvelous interior... massive pillars built on Italian lines of Botticini marble meet and melt with exquisite symmetry into a plaster relief vault ...." The interior finishes were crafted from some of the finest materials available, including Italian marble and decoratively painted plasterwork, mosaic and curtains, and nine murals depicting various periods of hostelry. While lavish attention was paid to the design of the public spaces, the comfort of the and a sophisticated cash register system that recorded transactions throughout the hotel. The Hotel Statler was an important institution in the social life of the community.

The Cleveland Advertising Club moved there in 1914; the Women's City Club was organized in the hotel in 1916 with the subsequent Cleveland Federation of Women's Clubs moving its headquarters into the building in 1918; followed by the Cleveland Rotary Club in 1921. Hotel Statler was conceived and constructed. According to The Encyclopedia of the City modern 20th century hotel." Other modern downtown hotels followed. By the mid-1930s, Cleveland could claim 120 hotels with 15,000 rooms; some 12,000 rooms were located in the downtown area. At that time, there were nearly a dozen major downtown hotels of varying ages. The most venerable was the Hollenden at Superior and East Sixth; another was the Colonial Hotel, included the Allerton (1926) at Chester and East 13th, the Hotel Cleveland (1918) on Street.

modern kitchen fully equipped with the latest electric appliances, including dishwashers; Section number 8 tile floors, wood paneled walls, etched glass light fixtures, silk damask-covered furniture Public Square; the Statler; and the Winton (1917) on Prospect Avenue east of East Ninth National Register of Historic Places During the first two decades of the early 20th century, Cleveland firmly established itself 700 rooms --each with a tap for ice water as well as a mixer to prevent scalding; a Continuation Sheet guests was enhanced by such conveniences as a private bathroom for each of the hotel's as one of the nation's most important cities.It was within this urban context that the war period Cleveland's rapid suburbanization under the influence of the automobile led to part of the Colonial Arcade on Euclid Avenue.The early 2o" century modern hotels of Cleveland, "the Hotel Statler was considered to be the first complete expression of the No large new hotels were built during the Depression or World War II, and in the post- National Park Service Hotel Statler, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio significant changes in the downtown economy.

Traditional downtown hotels faced doors and were demolished. A lack of new hotel development meant that the inventory of then has substantially boosted that number. Cleveland still operates as the Renaissance Hotel; the Allerton and the Winton are in use vacant; and the Statler still has a commending presence at Euclid and East 12 Street. theater's space was used to expand the hotel ballroom. Within a short time, the Statler- until 1967. Sold again, the hotel became the Cleveland Plaza in 1971. The new owners converted some of the lower floors to office use, while the upper floors continued as hotel available for events. Renamed the Statler Office Tower, the former hotel operates in the Same way today.

Building which have always been its neighbors; it has integrity of design: major exterior and interior design elements, features, and finishes remain intact and visible; and it has integrity of association: the building retains historic fabric that communicates its role as a staff after Ellsworth Statler's death in 1928. It states: "Ellsworth Milton Statler -- declining occupancy rates, which discouraged investment in the properties and only rooms. Closed as a hotel in the late 1970s, the Statler was purchased and converted Today few of the major historic hotels have survived in downtown Cleveland. The Hotel Continuation Sheet Despite the changes that have occurred over time, the Hotel Statler retains a high level of integrity.

It has integrity of location: it is still located in a densely developed urban National Register of Historic Places improvements, including a parking garage to replace the Stillman Theater; part of the and added a new ballroom, lounge bar and dining room in 1937. The Hilton Hotel chain major hotel in a major American city. entirely to offices in the early 1980s; the ballroom and other public spaces remained Hilton changed hands again and was sold to the Ohio Hotel Co. and operated by Hilton downtown rooms fell to about 1,500 by the late 1980s; a burst of hotel development since hastened their decline.

One by one, most of the historic downtown hotels closed their environment, in close proximity to historic buildings such as the Union Club and the Halle purchased the Statler chain in 1954 and in the 1960s invested several million dollars in In a stairwell off the Statler's lobby is a bronze plaque installed by the hotel company's The Statler Hotel chain purchased the land under both the hotel and the theater in 1928 as apartment buildings; the Colonial survives as part of the Colonial Arcade but is largely Section number United States Department of the Interlor Continuation Sheet Erected by his organization as a tribute to his greatness as a hotel builder and hotel keeper Western Reserve Historical Society, 1988), p.24.

The Hotel Statler is a physical embodiment of that philosophy, both in the services and amenities it offered its guests and in the role it played in the ongoing growth of Cleveland. and in testimony of continuing fidelity to his golden rule of service: Life is service; the one who progresses is the one who gives his fellow men a little more, a little better service." Angeles: Hennessey & Ingalls, Inc., 1970), p. 483. National Park Service National Register of Historic Places 2Withey, Henry F. and Elise R. Biographical Dictionary of American Architects (Deceased). (Los Section number 'Campbell, Thomas F. and Miggins, Edward M. The Birth of Modern Cleveland 1865-1930. (Cleveland: United States Department of the Interlor Hotel Statler, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio . Cleveland Landmarks. Cleveland: Cleveland Restoration Society and Early Settlers' Association of the Western Reserve, 1986.

Insurance Maps of Cleveland, Ohio. New York City: Sanborn Map Company, 1896. Johannesen, Eric. Cleveland Architecture 1876-1976. Cleveland: The Western Reserve Historical Society, 1979. The Ohio Historical Records Survey Project, Service Division, Work Projects Administration. Historic Sites of Cleveland: Hotels and Taverns. Columbus: The Ohio Historical Records Survey Project, 1942. Bibliography Publishing Co., 1918. National Register of Historic Places Scribner's Sons, 1935. Cleveland Plain Dealer and Cleveland Press clipping files, various dates 1912-1963. Malone, Dumas, ed. Dictionary of American Biography. New York City: Charles Cleveland City Directory. Cleveland: Cleveland Directory Co., 1904, 1910, 1936. Continuation Sheet Co., 1932. National Park Service Plat Book of the City of Cleveland, Ohio and Suburbs, Vol 1. Philadelphia: G.M.

Hopkins Cleveland: The Western Reserve Historical Society, 1988. Hast, Adele, ed. International Directory of Company Histories. Chicago and London: Herrick, Clay, Jr. Cleveland Landmarks. Cleveland: Cleveland Restoration Society, 1983. Campbell, Thomas F. and Edward M. Wiggins. The Birth of Modern Cleveland, 1865-1930. Avery, Elroy M. Cleveland and Environs. Chicago and New York City: The Lewis St. James Press, 1991. Page 17 Section number - 9 United States Department of the Interlor Hotel Statler, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio The World Publishing Co., 1950. Cleveland: The Making of a City. Kent, Ohio: Kent State Van Tassel, David D. and John J. Grabowski, eds. The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Langsam, Walter E., Letter to Stephen Gordon dated December 15, 1997. letter contains additional references for architect George B. Post Books, 1990.

Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1987. National Register of Historic Places Withey, Henry F., and Withey, Elise R. Biographical Dictionary of American Architects Rose, William Ganson. Cleveland: The Making ofa City. Cleveland and New York City: University Press, 1990. Continuation Sheet National Park Service (Deceased). Los Angeles: Hennesey & Ingalls, 1970. Sweetland, David R. New York Central Lightning Stripes.

Edison, N.J.: Morning Sun (copy in NR file) Page 18 Section number - United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Hotel Statler, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio East 12th A: Original hotel completed 1912 (extant) B: Hotel addition, completed 1916 (extant) D: Entrance corridor, on first floor, from Euclid Avenue into theater (converted in 1963 into entrance driveway for access to parking garage) Euclid Continuation Sheet North Hickory Page National Register of Historic Places C: Stillman Theater, completed 1916 along with hotel addition (theater demolished in 1963 and replaced by parking garage on same footprint) E: Other buildings Sketchplan of Hotel Statler,1127 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio Not to Scale Section number_ East Hotel Statler, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio Verbai Boundary Description Boundary Justification The boundaries were selected to include all of the land associated with the operation of the the nomination.

National Register of Historic Places Cleveland, Ohio. Continuation Sheet 101-36-006, and the 1916 addition, including the entrance passageway to the Stillman Theater, occupied all of Parcel No. 101-36-007. The theater itself occupied Parcel No. 101-36-009; The nominated property includes all of Cuyahoga County Permanent Parcel Nos. 101-36-006 today the parking garage, which is free-standing and is structurally separate from the hotel and the 1916 addition, occupies Parcel No. 101-36-009. That parcel is specifically excluded from and 101-36-007, as the same are recorded at the Cuyahoga County Recorder's Office, Hotel Statler during the period of significance.The original hotel occupied all of Parcel No. National Park Service IPS Porm 10-800 United States Department of the Interlor Continuation Sheet Section number Log Page 21 Jeffrey T.

Darbee 593 South Fifth Street Looking west along Euclid Avenue toward southeast corner of hotel. West wall of parking garage entrance, former theater entrance corridor, along Looking north in main lobby, first floor, from Euclid Avenue entrance. Photographer: Description Summer, 1997 Stillman Theater entrance is now parking garage entrance, on left. entrance is on the right. Looking south in main lobby, first floor, toward Euclid Avenue entrance. National Register of Historic Places Photo Log Negative Location: Close-up, looking north, of first two floors of 1916 addition.Former Looking northwest at southeast corner at Euclid and East 12th Street. Looking northeast at upper portion of south elevation on Euclid Avenue. Looking northwest along south elevation on Euclid Avenue. Main hotel Benjamin D. Rickey & Co.

National Park Service The following information is the same for all photographs: Similar view to #6, showing lower portion of hotel. Columbus, Ohio 43206 Looking north along east elevation on East 12th Street. west wall of 1916 addition. Hotel Statler, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio Date of Photo: United States Department of the Interlor National Park Service Continuation Sheet Hotel Statler, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio Section number Log Page 22 Looking north in main lobby, first floor, from near midpoint. Looking south in main lobby, first floor, adjacent to east side entrance. Looking south, first floor, toward Euclid Avenue in commercial space just east Looking north from Grill Room toward former Club Lounge, first floor. Looking southwest across Patio Room toward southwest corner of hotel. This originally was the upper part of the Formal Dining Room. Description of lobby.

National Register of Historic Places Looking west across north end of Grill Room. corner of hotel. Additional kitchen view, first floor, looking south. Mezzanine, looking north in pre-function area outside Patio and Terrace rooms. Grill Room, looking south from north end, along east wall. Fireplace in southeast corner of Grill Room, first floor, looking southeast. Mezzanine level, looking south in rest room lounge area near southeast Service elevators, first floor, looking south. Looking south up service stairs, first floor, off kitchen. Photo # Looking south in kitchen, first floor. Looking east out side entrance toward East 12th Street. Page 23 Mezzanine, looking southwest across Terrace Room toward Patio Room. Mezzanine, looking north along east wall in parlor area outside Grand area and east wall of hotel. Sixth floor, looking south in corridor in south half of hotel.

Seventh floor, looking northeast in northeast corner room. Tenth floor, looking south in corridor of 1916 addition. Tenth floor, looking southwest in room along east side of south light well. Ballroom. Eighth floor, looking north in elevator lobby. Description mezzanine level. Continuation Sheet Looking north in pre-function area adjacent to Grand Ballroom and parlor area, Tenth floor, looking north in elevator lobby. Fifth floor, typical room along east wall, looking south. National Register of Historic Places National Park Service Hotel Statler, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio Eighth floor, looking west in corridor in middle wing. Photo # Sixth floor, looking south in elevator lobby. Section number Log Mezzanine level, looking east from stage area of Grand Ballroom toward parlor Ninth floor, looking south in room along south wall of hotel.

This originally was the upper part of the Main Dining Room. Unltod States Department of the Intorlor United States Department of the Interlor Hotel Statler, Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio Page 24 stairwell wall is at left. Eleventh floor, looking south in corridor in 1916 addition. Fourteenth floor, looking southeast in southeast corner room. Fourteenth floor, looking south in corridor from elevator lobby. Photo # Eleventh floor, looking north in corridor from its south end. Original curved Continuation Sheet Penthouse, looking north in corridor from elevator lobby. Twelfth floor, looking south in corridor in 1916 addition. Penthouse, looking south from elevator lobby.

National Register of Historic Places National Park Service Section number Log Description NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES NAME : DATE OF 45TH DAY: DATE OF WEEKLY LIST: NOMINATOR: STATE N PERIOD: N PROGRAM UNAPPROVED: COMMENT WAIVER: N ABSTRACT/SUMMARY COMMENTS : TELEPHONE RETURN MULTIPLE DATE 4/20/98 DISCIPLINE 3/06/98 REVIEWER REJECT PDIL: RECOM./CRITERIA OTHER: EVALUATION/RETURN SHEET NATIONAL PARK SERVICE DATE RECEIVED: UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DATE OF PENDING LIST: DOCUMENTATION see attached comments Y/N see attached SLR Y/N Bntered in the DATE OF 16TH DAY: REQUEST N STATE & COUNTY: OHIO, Cuyahoga ACCEPT SAMPLE: LESS THAN 5O YEARS: Metlonal Register CUYAMOGA CO, OH HOTEL STATLGR HOTEL STATLER CUYAHOGA CD., PNOTO Z CE TOWER HOTEL STATLER CUYAHOGA CO.

OH STATL OFFICE TOWER HOTEL STATLER ARCOA PARKING APCOA PHOTO S PHOTO b CUYAHOGA CO., OH HOTEL STATLER CUYAHOGA CO., OH PHOTO 7 CUYANOGA CO., ON PHOTO 8 HOTEL STATLER OFF HOTEL STATLER CUYAHOGA CO. OH HOTEL STATLER HOTEL STATLER HOTEL STATLER CUYANOGA CO. OH SALE POSTERS HOTEL STTLER PHOTO IS HOTEL STATLEP HOTEL STATLER PHOTO 17 PNOTO 18 HOTEL STATLER HOTEL STITLER CUYAMOGA CO., OH CUYAHOGA CO.

ON HOTEL STATLER PHOTO 2I HOTEL STATLEA HOTEL STATLEN CUYANOGA CU., OH HOTEL STATLEN PHOTO 24 HOTEL STATLER CUYAHOGA CO., PHOTO 25 CUYAHOGA CO, DH HOTEL STATLER HOTEL STATLER PARLOR 3 CUYANOGA CO, OH HOTEL FTATLEN CUYAHOGA CO, OH HOTEL STATLER PHOTO 30 CUYAHOGA CO, ON HOTEL STATLER HOTEL STATLEA PHOTO 32 PHOTO 33 CUYAHOGA CO.,OH HOTEL STATLEN PHOTO 36 HOTEL STATLER HOTEL STATLER PHOTO 37 HOTEL STATLER PHOTO HOTEL STATLER Only HOTEL STITLER CUYANOGA CO.OH HOTEL STATLER CUYAMOGA CO., ON CUYAHOGA CO., OH HOTEL STATLEN PHOTO 42 HOTEL STATLEN CUYANOGA CO. OH HOTEL STATLEN CUYAMOGA CO., OH PHOTO 45 HOTEL STATLER EXIT GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CLEVELAND NORTH QUADRANGLE 217 CLEVELAND NORTH, OHIO 7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC) UNITED STATES OHIO-CUYAHOGA CO.